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THE 


HTSTOEY 


OF 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 


ILLINOIS 


CONTAINING 


A  History  of  the  County— its  Cities,  Towns,  &c. ;  a  Directory  of  its 
Tax-Payers;    War  Record   of  its  Volunteers  in  the  late  Re- 
bellion ;  Portraits  of  Early  Settlers  and  Prominent  Men ; 
General  and  Local  Siatistics;  Map  of  Livingston 
County;    History   of   Illinois,   Illustrated; 
History  of  the  Northwest,  Illustrated; 
Constitution  of  the  United  States, 
Miscellaneous  Matters, 
Ac,  &e. 


IIJLTJSTI^^^TE^D 


>  <»>  » 


CHICAGO: 
WM.  LE  BARON,  JR.,  &  CO.,  18G  DEARBORN  STREET. 

1878. 


^1  7.3^/ 


PREFACE 


TN  presenting  our  History  of  Livingston  County,  we  deem  a  few  prefatory  words 
necessary.  We  have  spared  neither  pains  nor  expense  to  fulfill  our  engagement  with 
our  patrons  and  make  the  work  as  complete  as  possible.  We  have  actjd  up  »n  the 
principle  that  justice  to  those  who  have  subscribed,  be  they  few  or  many,  requires  that 
the  work  should  be  as  well  done  as  if  it  was  patronized  by  every  citizen  in  the  county. 
We  do  not  claim  that  our  work  is  entirely  free  from  errors ;  such  a  result  could  not  be 
attained  by  the  utmost  care  and  foresight  of  ordinary  mortals.  The  General  History  of 
the  County  was  compiled  by  0.  F.  Pearre,  Esq.,  of  Pontiac ;  and  the  Township  His- 
tories by  our  historians,  W.  H.  Perrin,  H.  H.  Hill  and  A.  A.  (Iraham.  Some  of  the 
Township  Histories  are  indeed  longer  than  others,  as  the  townships  are  older,  containing 
larger  cities  and  towns,  and  have  been  the  scenes  of  more  important  and  interesting 
events.  While  fully  recognizing  this  important  difference,  the  historians  have  sought  to 
write  up  each  township  with  equal  fidelity  to  the  facts  and  information  within  their 
reach.  We  take  this  occasion  to  present  our  thanks  to  all  our  numerous  subscribers 
for  their  patronage  and  encouragement  in  the  publication  of  the  work.  In  this  confident 
belief,  we  submit  it  to  the  enlightened  judgment  of  those  for  whose  benefit  it  has  been 
prepared,  believing  that  it  will  be  received  as  a  most  valuable  and  complete  work. 

THE  PUBLISHEKS. 


CHIOAGO: 
CULVER,  PAGE,  HOTNK  &  CO.,  PRINTERS, 

IIB  and  120  Monroe  Street. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

HUtory  Northwest  Territory 19 

Geographical 19 

Early  Exploration 20 

discovery  of  the  Ohio ■i'i 

English   Explorations  and  Settle- 
ments    35 

American  Settlements 60 

Division  of  the   Northwest  Terri- 
tory   66 

Tecumseh  and  the  war  of  1812 70 

Black  Hawk  and  the  Black  Hawk 
War 74 


HISTORICAI.. 

Paoe.  I 

Other  Indian  Troubles 79 

Present  Condition  nf  the  Northwest  87 

Illinois 99 

Indiana 101 

Iowa 102  1 

Michigan 103 

Wisconsin 104  | 

Minnesota .106 

Nebraska 107 

History  of  Illinois 109  I 

Coal 125  I 

Compact  of  1787 117 


Paoe. 

History  of  Chicago 132 

Early  Discoveries 109 

Early  Settlements 115 

Education 129 

First  French  Occupation.... 112 

Genius  of  La  Salle 113 

Material  Resources 124 

Massacre  ol  Fort  Dearborn 141 

Physical  Features 121 

Progress  of  Development 123 

Religion  and  Morals 128 

War  Record  of  Illinois 130 


Paoe. 

Source  of  the  Mississippi 21 

Mouth  of  the  Mississippi 21 

Wild  Prairie «3 

La  Salle  Landing  on  the  Shore  of 

Green  Bay 25 

Buffalo  Hunt 27 

Trapping 29 

Hunting- 32 

Iroquois  Chief. 34 

Pontiac,  the  Ottawa  Chieftain 43 

Indians  Attacking  Frontiersmen...  56 

A  Prairie  Storm 59 

A  Pioneer  Dwelling 61 

Breaking  Prairie 63 


ILIiUSTRATIONS. 

I  Paoe. 

Tecumseh,  the  Shawnee  Chieftain...  69 

Indians  Attacking  a  Stockade 72 

Black  Hawk,  the  Sac  (Chieftain 75 

Big  Eagle 80 

Captain  Jack,  the  Modoc  Chieftain..  83 
Kinzic  House 85 

!  Village  Residence 86 

A  Representative  Pioneer 87 

Lincoln  Monument, Springfield,  111.  88 

A  Pioneer  School  House 89 

Farm  View  in  the  Winter 90 

High  Bridge  and  Lake  Bluflf 94 

Great  Iron  Bridge  of  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  Cross- 


Paob. 

ing  the  River  at  Davenport.  Iowa  96 

A  Western  Dwelling 100 

Hunting     Prairie     Wolves    at    an 

Early  Day ......108 

Starved  Rock,  on  the  Illinois  River, 

La  Salle  County,  111 HO 

An  Early  Settlement lib 

Chicago  in  1833 133 

Old  Fort  Dearft-on  in  1830 1S6 

Present  site  of  Lake  Street  Bridge, 

Chicago,  in  1833 136 

Pioneers'  First  Winter 142 

View  of  the  City  of  Chicago 144 

Shabbona 149 


l.IVIIIf«STO]¥    t'OirXTY    IIISTORT. 


Page. 
General  History  of  Livingston  Co..223 

Avoca  Township 375 

Amity  "        404 

Belle  Prairie    "        351 

Broughton        "        4.58 

Chatsworth      "        388 

Charlotte  '        450 

Dwigbt  "        479 

Eameu  "        540 

Eppard's  Point"         512 

Forreiit  "        519 


Paoe. 

Fayette  Township 562 

Germantown     "         570 

Indian  Grove   "         327 

Long  P.iint       "        ■''00 

Newtown  "         531 

Nebraska  "        468 

Nevada  "         428 

Ortell  "         3.58 

Owego  "         422 

Pontiac  "        291 


Paoe* 

Pleasant  Ridge  Township 415 

Pike  "         461 

RooksCi.-ek  "         436 

Round  Grove  '■        445 

Reading  "         ■'""* 

SHunemin  "        397 

Sullivan  "         475 

Sunlinry  "         555 

Union  ■■         506 

Waldo  "        464 


LilTHOU  K.\  HIIIC    1><»IM'RA  1 1  .S. 


IV. .ii  r  '. 

Burton,  AIIh.,  A •.'75  Ib.M.  S   A /!••;  N''    '■"     I     •• 

Bullurd,  .1    T ■v.  Ilol.lri.igr,  K.    1 47:1  N.lxi..    Mm. 

Bn-liigh,  W.C ^.">5  .leiikinn.  W     ii IM  I',  am-  «>.  K.. 

f  illver,  .I..He|.h  K -.^21  Kraik,  I.  J 3ii  .>tiii»ii   1.  ■  .. 

(Uvanaiigh,  J.  A 54.'i  Muidi.ck,  I)    L 2.57  Tiitllf.  Z.pli.' 

riear.v.  M 4:i7  M<k)Ii,  All»-rt 50!)  Wyllic,  .I..I111 

K..r«lick,  Samuel  T ..:v^9 


I 

..t    !• 

,...:ill 
.  4;u 


liMl\<iST0X    <  01  XTY    WAR    Ri:<'ORI>. 


Infantry.. 


Paoe.  I 
591  I  ("avaliy. 


Paok. 


y  I  .\rlillery 


I'aOB. 
...620 


35051 


ly 


CONTENTS. 


BIOGBAPHICAI.    SKETCHRS. 


Page.  [  Page. 

Avoca  Township 7.31     Fayette  Township 804 

Amity        "         698    Germantown  Township 816 


Belle  Prairie  Township 790 


Broughton 
Chatsworth 
Charlotte 
Dwight 

Esmen 

Eppard's  Point 
Forrest 


.817 
.751 
.800 
.667 
.726 
.796 
.763 


Indian  Grove 

Long  Point 

Newtown 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

Odell 

Owego 

Pontiar 


.737 
,....720 
,....705 

808 

....695 
....655 
....819 
623 


Page. 

Pike  Township 810 

Pleasant  Kidge  Township 820 

Rook's  Creek  "         793 

Bound  Grove  "  690 

Beading  "  715 

Saunemin  "         776 

Sullivan  "         784 

Sunbury  "  680 

Union  '  " 685 

Waldo  "         813 


niRE<'IORY    OF    TAX-PAYEKS. 


I'AIJK. 

Avoca  Township 876 

Amity  "        849 

Belle  Prairie  Township 861 

Broughton  "         8.55 

Chatsworth  "        839 

Charlotte  "         880 

Dwight  "         8.36 

Esmen  "        882 

Eppard's  Point      "        860 

Forrest  "        843 

Fayette  "        883 

Germantown         "        883 

Indian  Grove         "        832 


Page. 

LoLg  Point  Township 867  [ 

Newtown  "         847' 

Nebraska  "      869 

Nevada  "         875] 

Odell  "         842 

Owego  "        881  t 

Pontiac  •'         828 

Pike  "         865 

Pleasant  Bidge  "        874  , 

Rook's  Creek  "        878 

Round  Grove  "        862  I 

Reading  "        846  | 


Page. 

Saunemin  Township 856 

Sullivan  "  858 

Suntiury  "  864 

Union  "  853 

Waldo  "  871 

Chatsworth  Village 838 

Cornell  "       851 

Dwight  "      834 

Fairbury  "      829 

Forrest  "       845 

Odell  "      841 

Pontiac  City 826 


ABSTRACT    OF    ILrEINOIS    STATE    L.A\VS. 


Page. 

Adoption  of  Children ..160 

Bills  of  Exchange  and  Promissory 

Notes 151 

County  Courts 155 

(Conveyances 164 

Church  Organizations 189 

Descent 151 

Deeds  and  Mortgages 157 

Drainage 163 

Damages  from  Trespass..., 169 

Definition  of  Commercial  Terms 173 

Exemptions  from  Forced  Sale 156 

Estrays 157 

Fences 168 

Forms : 

Articles  of  Agreement 175 

Bills  of  Purchase 174 

Bills  of  Sale 176 

Bonds 176 


Page. 

Chattel  Mortgages 177 

Codicil 189 

Lease  of  Farm   and   Build- 
ings  179 

Lease  of  House 180 

Landlord's  Agreement 180 

Notes 174 

Notice  Tenant  to  Quit 181 

Orders 174 

Quit  Claim  Deed 185 

Receipt 174 

Real  Estate  Mortgaged  to  Secure 

Payment  of  Money 181 

Release 186 

Tenant's  Agreement 180 

Tenant's  Notice  to  Quit 181 

Warranty  Deed 182 

Will 187 


Paoe 

Game 168 

Interest 151 

Jurisdiction  of  Courts 154 

Limitation  of  Action 155 

Landlord  and  Tenant 169 

Liens 172 

Married  Women 156 

Millers 159 

Marks  and  Brands 159 

Paupers 164 

Roads  and  Bridges 161 

Surveyors  and  Surveys 160 

Suggestions  to  Persons  Purchasing 

Books  by  Subscription 190 

Taxes 164 

Wills  and  Estates 152 

Weights  and  Measures 158 

Wolf  Scalps 164 


Page. 

Map  of  Livingston  County Front 

Constitution  of  the  U.  S 192 

Electors  of  President  and  Vice  Pres- 
ident  206 

Practical  Rules  for  Every  Day  Use.207 
U.  S.  Government  Land  Measure. ..210 
Agricultural   Productions  of    Illi- 
nois by  Counties,  1870 210 

Surveyors"  Measure 211 

How  to  Keep  Accounts 211 

Interest  Table 212 

Miscellaneous  Tables 212 


9IIS€EL.I.ABrv:OVS. 

Page. 
Names  of  the  States  of  the  Union 

and  their  Signification 213 

Population  of  the  United  States 214 

Population  of  Fifty  Principal  Cities 

of  the  United  States 214 

Population  and  Area  of  the  United 

States 216 

Population  of  the  Principal  Coun- 
tries in  the  World 215 

Population  of  Illinois 216-217 

State  Laws  Relating  to  Interest 218 

State  Laws  Belating  to  Limitations 
of  Actions 219 


Paok. 
Productions  of  Agriculture  of  Illi- 
nois  220 

Population  of  Livingston  Co 622 

Business  Directory 885 

Assessors'    Report 898 

Old  Settlers'  Association 583 

Drainage 821 

Illinois  National  Guards 589 

Fairbury  Zouave  Cadets 690 

Livingston  County  Court  House 588 

Geological  Features 579 

Agricultural  Association 573 

Errata 896 


The    Northwest    Territory. 


GEOGRAPHICAL    POSITION. 

When  the  Northwestern  Territory  was  ceded  to  the  United  States 
by  Virginia  in  1784,  it  embraced  only  the  territory  lying  between  the 
Ohio  and  the  Mississippi  Rivers,  and  north  to  the  northern  limits  of  the 
United  States.  It  coincided  with  the  area  now  embraced  in  the  States 
of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  that  portion  of 
Minnesota  lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  United 
States  itself  at  that  period  extended  no  farther  west  than  the  Mississippi 
River  ;  but  by  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  in  1803,  the  western  boundary 
of  the  United  States  was  extended  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Ocean.  The  new  territory  thus  added  to  the  National 
domain,  and  subsequently  opened  to  settlement,  has  been  called  the 
"  New  Northwest,"  in  contradistinction  from  the  old  "  Northwestern 
Territory." 

In  comparison  with  the  old  Northwest  this  is  a  territory  of  vast 
magnitude.  It  includes  an  area  of  1,887,850  square  miles  ;  being  greater 
in  extent  than  the  united  areas  of  all  the  Middle  and  Southern  States, 
including  Texas.  Out  of  this  magnificent  territory  have  been  erected 
eleven  sovereign  States  and  eight  Territories,  with  an  aggregate  popula- 
tion, at  the  present  time,  of  13,000,000  inhabitants,  or  nearly  one  third  of 
the  entire  population  of  the  United  States. 

Its  lakes  are  fresh-water  seas,  and  the  larger  rivers  of  the  continent 
flow  for  a  thousand  miles  through  its  rich  alluvial  valleys  and  far- 
stretching  prairies,  more  acres  of  which  are  arable  and  productive  of  the 
highest  percentage  of  the  cereals  than  of  any  other  area  of  like  extent 
on  the  globe. 

For  the  last  twenty  years  the  increase  of  population  in  the  North- 
west has  been  about  as  three  to  one  in  any  other  portion  of  the  United 
States. 

(10) 


20  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


EARLY    EXPLORATIONS. 

In  the  year  1541,  DeSoto  first  saw  the  Great  West  in  the  New 
World.  He,  however,  penetrated  no  farther  north  than  the  35th  parallel 
of  latitnde.  The  expedition  resulted  in  his  death  and  that  of  more  than 
half  his  army,  the  remainder  of  whom  found  their  way  to  Cuba,  thence 
to  Spain,  in  a  famished  and  demoralized  condition.  DeSoto  founded  no 
settlepaents,  produced  no  results,  and  left  no  traces,  unless  it  were  that 
he  awakened  the  hostility  of  the  red  man  against  the  white  man,  and 
disheartened  such  as  might  desire  to  follow  up  the  career  of  discovery 
for  better  purposes.  The  French  nation  were  eager  and  ready  to  seize 
upon  any  news  from  this  extensive  domain,  and  were  the  first  to  profit  by 
DeSoto's  defeat.  Yet  it  was  more  than  a  century  before  any  adventurer 
took  advantage  of  these  discoveries. 

In  1616,  four  years  before  the  pilgrims  "  moored  their  bark  on  the 
wild  New  England  shore,"  Le  Caron,  a  French  Franciscan,  had  pene- 
trated through  the  Iroquois  and  Wyandots  (Hurons)  to  the  streams  which 
run  into  Lake  Huron  ;  and  in  1631:,  two  Jesuit  missionaries  founded  the 
first  mission  among  the  lake  tribes.  It  was  just  one  hundred  years  from 
the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  DeSoto  (1541)  until  the  Canadian 
envoys  met  the  savage  nations  of  the  Northwest  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary, 
below  the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior.  This  visit  led  to  no  permanent 
result ;  yet  it  was  not  until  1659  that  any  of  the  adventurous  fur  traders 
attempted  to  spend  a  Winter  in  the  frozen  wilds  about  the  great  lakes, 
nor  was  it  until  1660  that  a  station  was  established  upon  their  borders  by 
Mesnard,  who  perished  in  the  woods  a  few  months  after.  In  1665,  Claude 
Allouez  built  the  earliest  lasting  habitation  of  the  white  man  among  the 
Indians  of  the  Northwest.  In  1668,  Claude  Dablon  and  James  Marquette 
founded  the  mission  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary,  and  two 
years  afterward,  Nicholas  Ferrot,  as  agent  for  M.  Talon,  Governor  Gen- 
eral of  Canada,  explored  Lake  Illinois  (Michigan)  as  far  south  as  the 
present  City  of  Chicago,  and  invited  the  Indian  nations  to  meet  him  at  a 
grand  council  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  the  following  Spring,  where  they  were 
taken  under  the  protection  of  the  king,  and  formal  possession  was  taken 
of  the  Northwest.  This  same  year  Marquette  established  a  mission  at 
Point  St.  Ignatius,  where  was  founded  the  old  town  of  Michillimackinac. 

During  M.  Talon's  explorations  and  Marquette's  residence  at  St. 
Ignatius,  they  learned  of  a  great  river  away  to  the  west,  and  fancied 
— as  all  others  did  then — that  upon  its  fertile  banks  whole  tribes  of  God's 
children  resided,  to  whom  the  sound  of  the  Gospel  had  never  come. 
Filled  with  a  wish  to  go  and  preach  to  them,  and  in  compliance  with  a 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


21 


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22  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOxxY. 

request  of  M.  Talon,  who  earnestly  desired  to  extend  the  domain  of  his 
king,  and  to  ascertain  whether  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
or  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marquette  with  Joliet,  as  commander  of  the  expe- 
dition, prepared  for  the  undertaking. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1673,  the  explorers,  accompanied  by  five  assist- 
ant French  Canadians,  set  out  from  Mackinaw  on  their  daring  voyage  of 
discovery.     The  Indians,  who  gathered  to  witness  their  departure,  were 
astonished  at  the  boldness  of  the  undertaking,  and  endeavored  to  dissuade 
them  from  their  purpose  by  representing  the  tribes  on  the  Mississippi  as 
exceedingly  savage  and  cruel,  and  the  river  itself  as  full  of  all  sorts  of 
frightful  monsters  ready  to  swallow  them  and  their  canoes  together.    But, 
nothing  daunted  by  these  terrific  descriptions,  Marquette  told  them  he 
was  willing  not  only  to  encounter  all  the  perils  of  the  unknown  region 
they  were  about  to  explore,  but  to  lay  down  his  life  in  a  cause  in  which 
the  salvation  of  souls  was  involved  ;  and  having  prayed  together  they 
separated.      Coasting  along  the  northern  shore  of  Lake   Michigan,  the 
adventurers  entered  Green  Bay,  and  passed  thence  up  the  Fox  River  and 
Lake  Winnebago  to  a  village  of  the  Miamis  and  Kickapoos.     Here  Mar- 
quette was  delighted  to  find  a  beautiful  cross  planted  in  the  middle  of  the 
town  ornamented  with  white   skins,  red  girdles  and  bows  and  arrows, 
which  these  good  people  had  offered  to  the  Great  Manitou,  or  God,  to 
thank  him  for  the  pity  he  had  bestowed  on  them  during  the  Winter  in 
giving  them  an  abundant   "  chase."      This  was  the  farthest  outpost  to 
which  Dablon    and  Allouez  had  extended    their  missionary  labors  the 
year  previous.     Here  Marquette  drank  mineral  waters  and  was  instructed 
in  the  secret  of  a  root  which  cures  the  bite  of  the  venomous  rattlesnake. 
He  assembled  the  chiefs  and  old  men  of  the  village,  and,  pointing  to 
Joliet,  said :  "  My  friend  is  an  envoy  of  France,  to  discover  new  coun- 
tries, and  I  am  an  ambassador  from  God  to  enlighten  them  with  the  truths 
of  the   Gospel."     Two  Miami  guides  were  here  furnished  to   conduct 
them  to  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  they  set  out  from  the  Lidian  village  on 
the  10th  of  June,  amidst  a  great  crowd  of  natives  who  had  assembled  to 
witness  their  departure  into  a  region  where  no  white  man  had  ever  yet 
ventured.       The    guides,  having  conducted   them    across   the   portage, 
returned.      The  explorers  launched  their  canoes  upon  the  Wisconsin, 
which  they  descended  to  the  Mississippi  and  proceeded  down  its  unknown 
waters.     What  emotions  must  have  swelled  their  breasts  as  they  struck 
out  into  the  broadening  current  and  became  conscious  that  they  were 
now  upon  the  bosom  of  ths  Father  of  Waters.     The  mystery  was  about 
to  be  lifted  from  the  long-sought  river.     The  scenery  in  that  locality  is 
beautiful,  and  on  that  delightful  seventeenth  of  June  must  have  been 
clad  in  all  its  primeval  loveliness  as  it  had  been  adorned  by  the  hand  of 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY, 


23 


Nature.  Drifting  rapidly,  it  is  said  that  the  bold  bluffs  on  either  hand 
"  reminded  tliem  of  tlie  castled  shores  of  their  own  beautiful  rivers  of 
France."  By-and-by,  as  they  drifted  along,  great  herds  of  buffalo  appeared 
on  the  banks.  On  going  to  the  heads  of  the  valley  they  could  see  a 
country  of  the  greatest  beauty  and  fertility,  apparently  destitute  of  inhab- 
itants yet  presenting  the  appearance  of  extensive  manors,  under  the  fas- 
tidious cultivation  of  lordly  proprietors. 


THE    WILD    PEAIRIE, 


On  June  25,  they  went  ashore  and  found  some  fresh  traces  of  men  upon 
the  sand,  and  a  path  which  led  to  the  prairie.  The  men  remained  in  the 
boat,  and  Marquette  and  Joliet  followed  the  path  till  they  discovered  a 
village  on  the  banks  of  a  river,  and  two  other  villages  on  a  hill,  within  a 
half  league  of  the  first,  inhabited  by  Indians.  They  were  received  most 
hospitably  by  these  natives,  who  had  never  before  seen  a  Avliite  person. 
After  remaining  a  few  days  they  re-embarked  and  descended  the  river  to 
about  latitude  33°,  where  they  found  a  village  of  the  Arkansas,  and  being 
satisfied  that  the  river  flowed  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  turned  their  course 


24  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

up  the  river,  and  ascending  the  stream  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
rowed  up  that  stream  to  its  source,  and  procured  guides  from  that  point 
to  the  lakes.  "  Nowhere  on  this  journey,"  says  Marquette,  •'  did  we  see 
such  grounds,  meadows,  woods,  stags,  buffaloes,  deer,  wildcats,  bustards, 
swans,  ducks,  parroquets,  and  even  beavers,  as  on  the  Illinois  River." 
The  party,  without  loss  or  injury,  reached  Green  Bay  in  September,  and 
reported  their  discovery— one  of  the  most  important  of  the  age,  but  of 
which  no  record  was  preserved  save  Marquette's,  Joliet  losing  his  by 
the  upsetting  of  his  canoe  on  his  way  to  Quebec.  Afterward  Marquette 
returned  to  the  Illinois  Indians  by  their  request,  and  ministered  to  them 
until  1675.  On  the  18th  of  May,  in  that  year,  as  he  was  passing  the 
mouth  of  a  stream — going  with  his  boatmen  up  Lake  Michigan — he  asked 
to  land  at  its  mouth  and  celebrate  Mass.  Leaving  his  men  with  the  canoe. 
he  retired  a  short  distance  and  began  his  devotions.  As  much  time 
passed  and  he  did  not  return,  his  men  went  in  search  of  him,  and  found 
him  upon  his  knees,  dead.  He  had  peacefully  passed  away  -^hile  at 
prayer.  He  was  buried  at  this  spot.  Charlevoix,  who  visited  the  place 
fifty  years  after,  found  the  waters  had  retreated  from  the  grave,  leaving 
the  beloved  missionary  to  repose  in  peace.  The  river  has  since  been 
called  Marquette. 

While  Marquette  and  his  companions  were  pursuing  their  labors  in 
the  West,  two  men,  differing  widely  from  him  and  each  other,  were  pre- 
paring to  follow  in  his  footsteps  and  perfect  the  discoveries  so  well  begun 
by  him.     These  were  Robert  de  La  Salle  and  Louis  Hennepin. 

After  La  Salle's  return  from  the  discovery  of  the  Ohio  River  (see 
the  narrative  elsewhere),  he  established  himself  again  among  the  French 
trading  posts  in  Canada.  Here  he  mused  long  upon  the  pet  project  of 
those  ages — a  short  way  to  China  and  the  East,  and  was  busily  planning  an 
expedition  up  the  great  lakes,  and  so  across  the  continent  to  the  Pacific, 
when  Marquette  returned  from  the  Mississippi.  At  once  the  vigorous  mind 
of  LaSalle  received  from  his  and  his  companions'  stories  the  idea  that  by  fol- 
lowing the  Great  River  northward,  or  by  turning  up  some  of  the  numerous 
western  tributaries,  the  object  could  easily  be  gained.  He  applied  to 
Frontenac,  Governor  General  of  Canada,  and  laid  before  him  the  plan, 
dim  but  gigantic.  Frontenac  entered  warmly  into  his  plans,  and  saw  that 
LaSalle's  idea  to  connect  the  great  lakes  by  a  chain  of  forts  with  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  would  bind  the  country  so  wonderfully  together,  give  un- 
measured power  to  France,  and  glory  to  himself,  under  whose  adminis- 
tration he  earnestly  hoped  all  would  be  realized. 

LaSalle  now  repaired  to  France,  laid  his  plans  before  the  King,  who 
warmly  approved  of  them,  and  made  him  a  Chevalier.  He  also  receivjcl 
from  all  the  noblemen  the  warmest  wishes  for  his  success.     The  Chev- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


•25 


alier  returned  to  Canada,  and  busily  entered  upon  his  work.  He  at 
once  rebuilt  Fort  Frontenac  and  constructed  the  first  ship  to  sail  on 
these  fresh-water  seas.  On  the  7th  of  August,  1679,  having  been  joined 
by  Hennepin,  he  began  his  voyage  in  the  Griffin  up  Lake  Erie.  He 
passed  over  this  lake,  through  the  straits  beyond,  up  Lake  St.  Clair  and 
into  Huron.  In  this  lake  they  encountered  heavy  storms.  They  were 
some  time  at  Michillimackinac,  where  LaSalle  founded  &  fort,  and  passed 
on  to  Green  Bay,  the  "  Bale  des  Puans"  of  the  French,  where  he  found 
a  large  quantity  of  furs  collected  for  him.  He  loaded  the  Griffin  with 
these,  and   placing  her  under  the    care  of  a  pilot  and   fourteen    sailors, 


LA  SALLE  LANDING  ON  THE  SHORE  OF  GREEN  BAY. 

started  her  on  her  return  voyage.  The  vessel  was  never  afterward  heard 
of.  He  remained  about  these  parts  until  early  in  the  Winter,  when,  hear- 
ing nothing  from  the  Griffin,  he  collected  all  the  men — thirty  working 
men  and  three  monks — and  started  again  upon  his  great  undertaking. 

By  a  short  portage  they  passed  to  the  Illinois  or  Kankakee,  called  by 
the  Indians,  "Theakeke,"  wolf,  because  of  the  tribes  of  Indians  called 
by  that  name,  commonly  known  as  the  Mahingans,  dwelling  there.  The 
French  pronounced  it  KiakiJd,  which  became  corrupted  to  Kankakee. 
"Falling  down  the  said  river  by  easy  journeys,  the  better  to  observe  the 
country,"  about  the  last  of  December  they  reached  a  village  of  the  Illi- 
nois   Indians,    containing   some   five   hundred    cabins,    but   at   that    moment 


26  THE   NORTHWEST   TEEBITOEY. 

no  inhabitants.  The  Seur  de  LaSalle  being  in  want  of  some  breadstuffs, 
took  advantage  of  the  absence  of  the  Indians  to  help  himself  to  a  suffi- 
ciency of  maize,  large  quantities  of  which  he  found  concealed  in  holes 
under  the  wigwams.  This  village  was  situated  near  the  present  village 
of  Utica  in  LaSalle  County,  Illinois.  The  corn  being  securely  stored, 
the  voyagers  again  betook  themselves  to  the  stream,  and  toward  evening, 
on  the  4th  day  of  January,  16S0,  they  came  into  a  lake  which  must  have 
been  the  lake  of  Peoria.  This  was  called  by  the  Indians  Fim-i-te-ivi.  that 
is,  a  place  ichere  there  are  many  fat  beasts.  Here  the  natives  were  met 
with  in  large  numbers,  but  they  were  gentle  and  kind,  and  having  spent 
some  time  with  them,  LaSalle  determined  to  erect  another  fort  in  that 
place,  for  he  had  heard  rumors  that  some  of  the  adjoining  tribes  were 
trvinf  to  disturb  the  srood  feelinsr  which  existed,  and  some  of  his  men 
were  disposed  to  complain,  owing  to  the  hardships  and  perils  of  the  travel. 
He  called  this  fort  '•  Crevecceur"  (broken-heart),  a  name  expressive  of  the 
verv  natural  sorrow  and  anxiety  which  the  pretty  certain  loss  of  his  ship, 
Gri£G.n.  and  his  consequent  impoverishment,  the  danger  of  hostihtyon  the 
part  of  the  Indians,  and  of  mutiny  among  his  own  men,  might  well  cause 
him.  His  fears  were  not  entirely  groundless.  At  one  time  poison  was 
placed  in  his  food,  but  fortunately  was  discovered. 

While  building  this  fort,  the  Winter  wore  away,  the  prairies  began  to 
look  green,  and  LaSalle,  despairing  of  any  reinforcements,  concluded  to 
teturn  to  Canada,  raise  new  means  and  new  men.  and  embark  anew  in 
the  enterprise.  For  this  purpose  he  made  Hennepin  the  leader  of  a  party 
to  explore  the  head  waters  of  the  Mississippi,  and  he  set  out  on  his  jour- 
ney. This  journey  was  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  a  few  persons,  and 
was  successfully  made,  though  over  an  almost  u  iknown  route,  and  in  a 
bad  season  of  the  year.  He  safely  reached  Cana  ia,  and  set  out  again  for 
the  object  of  his  search. 

Hennepin  and  his  party  left  Fort  Crevecoeur  on  the  last  of  February, 
1680.  When  LaSalle  reached  this  place  on  his  return  expedition,  he 
found  the  fort  entirely  deserted,  and  he  was  obliged  to  return  again  to 
Canada.  He  embarked  the  third  time,  and  succeeded.  Seven  days  after 
leaving  the  fort,  Hennepin  reached  the  Mississippi,  and  paddling  up  the 
icy  stream  as  best  he  coidd,  reached  no  higher  than  the  Wisconsin  River 
by  the  11th  of  April.  Here  he  and  his  followers  were  taken  prisoners  by  a 
band  of  Northern  Indians,  who  treated  them  with  great  kindness.  Hen- 
nepin's comrades  were  Anthony  Auguel  and  Michael  Ako.  On  this  voy- 
age they  found  several  beautiful  lakes,  and  '•  saw  some  charming  prairies." 
Their  captors  were  the  Isaute  or  Sauteurs,  Chippewas.  a  tribe  of  the  Sioux 
nation,  who  took  them  up  the  river  until  about  the  first  of  May.  when 
they  reached  some  fails,  which  Hennepin  christened  Falls  of  St.  Anthony 


THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


27 


in  houor  of  his  patron  saint.  Here  they  took  the  land,  and  traveling 
nearly  two  hundred  miles  to  the  northwest,  brought  them  to  their  villages. 
Here  they  were  kept  about  three  months,  were  treated  kindly  by  their 
captors,  and  at  the  end  of  that  time,  were  met  by  a  band  of  Frenchmen, 


BUTFALO    HUNT. 

headed  by  one  Seur  de  Luth.  who,  in  pursuit  of  trade  and  game,  had  pene- 
trated thus  far  by  the  route  of  Lake  Superior ;  and  with  these  fellow- 
countrvmen  Hennepin  and  his  companions  were  allowed  to  return  to  the 
borders  of  civilized  life  in  November.  1680,  just  after  LaSalle  had 
returned  to  the  wilderness  on  his  second  trip.  Hennepin  soon  after  wen: 
to  France,  where  he  published  an  account  of  his  adventures. 


28  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

The  Mississippi  was  first  discovered  by  De  Soto  in  April,  1541,  in  his 
vain  endeavor  to  find  gold  and  precious  gems.  In  the  following  Spring, 
De  Soto,  weary  with  hope  long  deferred,  and  worn  out  with  his  wander- 
ings, he  fell  a  victim  to  disease,  and  on  the  21st  of  May  died.  His  followers, 
reduced  by  fatigue  and  disease  to  less  than  three  hundred  men,  wandered 
about  the  country  nearly  a  year,  in  the  vain  endeavor  to  rescue  them- 
selves by  land,  and  finally  constructed  seven  small  vessels,  called  brigan- 
tines,  in  which  they  embarked,  and  descending  the  river,  supposing  it 
would  lead  them  to  the  sea,  in  July  they  came  to  the  sea  (Gulf  of 
Mexico),  and  by  September  reached  the  Island  of  Cuba. 

They  were  the  first  to  see  the  great  outlet  of  the  Mississippi ;  but, 
being  so  weary  and  discouraged,  made  no  attempt  to  claim  the  country, 
and  hardly  had  an  intelligent  idea  of  what  they  had  passed    through. 

To  La  Salle,  the  intrejDid  explorer,  belongs  the  honor  of  giving  the 
first  account  of  the  mouths  of  the  river.  His  great  desire  was  to  possess 
this  entire  country  for  his  king,  and  in  January,  1682,  he  and  his  band  of 
€xj)lorers  left  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan  on  their  third  attempt,  crossed 
the  portage,  passed  down  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  6th  of  February, 
reached  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi. 

On  the  13th  they,commenced  their  downward  course,  which  they 
pursued  with  but  one  interruption,  until  upon  the  6th  of  March  they  dis- 
covered the  three  great  passages  by  which  the  river  discharges  its  waters 
into  the  gulf.     La  Salle  thus  narrates  the  event : 

"  We  landed  on  the  Imnk  of  the  most  western  channel,  about  three 
leagues  (nine  miles)  from  its  mouth.  On  the  seventh,  M.  de  LaSalle 
went  to  reconnoiter  the  shores  of  the  neighboring  sea,  and  M.  de  Tonti 
meanwhile  examined  the  great  middle  channel.  They  found  the  main 
outlets  beautiful,  large  and  deep.  On  the  8th  we  reascended  the  river,  a 
little  above  its  confluence  with  the  sea,  to  find  a  dry  place  beyond  the 
reach  of  inundations.  The  elevation  of  the  North  Pole  was  here  about 
twenty-seven  degrees.  Here  we  prepared  a  column  and  a  cross,  and  to 
the  column  were  affixed  the  arms  of  France  with  this  inscription : 

Louis  Le  Grand,  Roi  De  France  et  de  Navarre,  regne  ;  Le  neuvieme  Avril,  i632. 

The  -whole  party,  under  arms,  chanted  the  Te  Deum,  and  then,  after 
a  salute  and  cries  of  "  Vive  le  Roi,''  the  column  was  erected  by  M.  de 
La  Salle,  who,  standing  near  it,  proclaimed  in  a  loud  voice  the  authority  of 
the  King  of  France.  LaSalle  returned  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi settlements  in  Illinois,  thence  he  proceeded  to  France,  where 
another  expedition  was  fitted  out,  of  which  he  was  commander,  and  in  two 
succeeding  voyages  failed  to  find  the  outlet  of  the  river  by  sailing  along 
the   shore  of  the  gulf.     On  his  third  voyage  he  was  killed,  through  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


29 


treachery  of  his  followers,  and  the  object  of  his  expeditions  was  not 
accomplished  until  1690,  when  D"Iberville,  under  the  authority  of  the 
crown,  discovered,  on  tlie  second  of  March,  by  way  of  the  sea,  the  mouth 
of  the  "  Hidden  River.*"  This  majestic  stream  was  called  by  the  natives 
^^ 3Ialbouchia,^^    and  Ijy   the  Spaniards,  "/a  Palissade,'^  from  the  great 


I  J 


TRAPPING. 

number  of  trees  about  its  mouth.  After  traversing  the  several  outlets, 
and  satisfying  himself  as  to  its  certainty,  he  erected  a  fort  near  its  western 
outlet,  and  returned  to  France. 

An  avenue  of  trade  was  now  opened  out  which  Avas  fully  improved. 
In  1718,  New  Orleans  was  laid  out  and  settled  by  some  European  colo- 
nists. In  1762,  the  colony  was  made  over  to  Spain,  to  be  regained  by 
France  under  the  consulate  of   Napoleon.     In   1803,   it  was   purchased    by 


30  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

the  United  States  for  the  sum  of  fifteen  million  dollars,  and  the  territory 
of  Louisiana  and  commerce  of  the  Mississippi  River  came  under  the 
charge  of  the  United  States.  Although  LaSalle's  labors  ended  in  defeat 
and  death,  he  had  not  worked  and  suffered  in  vain.  He-  had  thrown 
open  to  France  and  the  world  an  immense  and  most  valuable  country ; 
had  established  several  ports,  and  laid  the  foundations  of  more  than  one- 
settlement  there.  "  Peoria,  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  are  to  this  day  monu- 
ments of  LaSalle's  labors ;  for,  though  he  had  founded  neither  of  them 
(unless  Peoria,  which  was  built  nearly  upon  the  site  of  Fort  Crevecoeur,) 
it  was  by  those  whom  he  led  into  the  West  that  these  places  were 
peopled  and  civilized.  He  was,  if  not  the  discoverer,  the  first  settler  of 
the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  as  such  deserves  to  be  known  and  honored.'' 

The  French  early  improved  the  opening  made  for  them.  Before  the 
year  1698,  the  Rev.  Father  Gravier  began  a  mission  among  the  Illinois, 
and  founded  Kaskaskia.  For  some  time  this  was  merely  a  missionary 
station,  where  none  but  natives  resided,  it  being  one  of  three  such  vil- 
lages, the  other  two  being  Cahokia  and  Peoria.  What  is  known  of 
these  missions  is  learned  from  a  letter  written  by  Father  Gabriel  Marest, 
dated  "  Aux  Cascaskias,  autrement  dit  de  I'Lnmaculate  Conception  de 
la  Sainte  Vierge,  le  9  Novembre,  1712.."  Soon  after  the  founding  of 
Kaskaskia,  the  missionary,  Pinet,  gathered  a  flock  at  Cahokia,  while 
Peoria  arose  near  the  ruins  of  Fort  Crevecoeur.  This  must  have  been 
about  the  year  1700.  The  post  at  Vincennes  on  the  Oubache  river, 
(pronounced  Wri-ba,  meaning  summer  cloud  movbig  swiftly)  was  estab- 
lished in  1702,  according  to  the  best  authorities.*  It  is  altogether  prob- 
able that  on  LaSalle's  last  trip  he  established  the  stations  at  Kaskaskia 
and  Cahokia.  In  Jul}^  1701,  the  foundations  of  Fort  Ponchartrain 
were  laid  by  De  la  Motte  Cadillac  on  the  Detroit  River.  These  sta- 
tions, with  those  established  further  north,  were  the  earliest  attempts  to 
occupy  the  Northwest  Territory.  At  the  same  time  efforts  were  being 
made  to  occupy  the  Southwest,  which  finally  culminated  in  the  settle- 
ment and  founding  of  the  City  of  New  Orleans  by  a  colony  from  England 
in  1718.  This  was  mainly  accomplished  through  the  efforts  of  the 
famous  Mississippi  Company,  established  by  the  notorious  John  Law,, 
who  so  quickly  arose  into  prominence  in  France,  and  who  Avith  his. 
scheme  so  quickly  and  so  ignominiously  passed  away. 

From  the  time  of  the  founding  of  these  stations  for  fifty  years  the 
French  nation  were  engrossed  with  the  settlement  of  the  lower  Missis- 
sippi,  and  the  war  with  the  Chicasaws,  who  had,  in  revenge  for  repeated 

•  There  is  considerable  dispute  about  this  date,  S)me  asserting  it  was  founded  as  late  as  174^.  AVlieu 
tlie  new  court  Iiouse  at  Vincenues  was  erected,  all  authorities  ou  the  subject  were  carefully  examined,  and 
iV02  fixed  upon  as  the  correct  date.    It  was  accordingly  engraved  on  the  corner-stone  of  the  court  house. 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITOP.Y.  31 

injuries,  cut  off  the  entire  colony  at  Natchez.  Although  the  company 
did  little  for  Louisiana,  as  the  entire  West  was  then  called,  yet  it  opened 
the  trade  through  the  Mississippi  River,  and  started  the  raising  of  grains 
indigenous  to  that  climate.  Until  the  year  1750,  but  little  is  known  of 
the  settlements  in  the  Northwest,  as  it  was  not  until  this  time  that  the 
■attention  of  the  English  was  called  to  the  occupation  of  this  portion  of  the 
New  World,  which  they  then  supposed  they  owned.  Vivier,  a  missionary 
among  the  Illinois,  writihg  from  "  Aux  Illinois,"  six  leagues  from  Fort 
Chartres,  June  8,  1750,  says:  "We  have  here  whites,  negroes  and 
Indians,  to  say  nothing  of  cross-breeds.  There  are  five  French  villages, 
and  three  villages  of  the  natives,  within  a  space  of  twenty-one  leagues 
situated  between  the  Mississippi  and  another  river  called  the  Karkadaid 
(Kaskaskias).  In  the  five  French  villages  are,  perhaps,  eleven  hundred 
whites,  three  hundred  blacks  and  some  sixty  red  slaves  or  savages.  The 
three  Illinois  towns  do  not  contain  more  than  eight  hundred  souls  all 
told.  Most  of  the  French  till  the  soil;  they  raise  wheat,  cattle,  pigs  and 
horses,  and  live  like  princes.  Three  times  as  much  is  produced  as  can 
be  consumed ;  and  great  quantities  of  grain  and  flour  are  sent  to  New 
Orleans."  This  city  was  now  the  seaport  town  of  the  Northwest,  and 
save  in  the  extreme  northern  part,  where  only  furs  and  copper  ore  were 
found,  almost  all  the  products  of  the  country  found  their  way  to  France 
by  the  mouth  of  the  Father  of  Waters.  In  another  letter,  dated  Novem- 
ber 7,  1750,  this  same  priest  says :  "  For  fifteen  leagues  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Mississippi  one  sees  no  dwellings,  the  ground  being  too  low 
to  be  habitable.  Thence  to  New  Orleans,  the  lands  are  only  partially 
occupied.  New  Orleans  contains  black,  white  and  red,  not  more,  I 
think,  than  twelve  hundred  persons.  To  this  point  come  all  lumber, 
bricks,  salt-beef,  tallow,  tar,  skins  and  bear's  grease  ;  and  above  all,  pork 
and  flour  from  the  Illinois.  These  things  create  some  commerce,  as  forty 
vessels  and  more  have  come  hither  this  year.  Above  New  Orleans, 
plantations  are  again  met  with ;  the  most  considerable  is  a  colony  of 
Germans,  some  ten  leagues  up  the  river.  At  Point  Coupee,  thirty -five 
leagues  above  the  German  settlement,  is  a  fort.  Along  here,  within  five 
or  six  leagues,  are  not  less  than  sixty  habitations.  Fifty  leagues  farther 
up  is  the  Natchez  post,  where  we  have  a  garrison,  who  are  kept  prisoners 
through  fear  of  the  Chickasaws.  Here  and  at  Point  Coupee,  they  raise 
excellent  tobacco.  Another  hundred  leagues  brings  us  to  the  Arkansas, 
where  we  have  also  a  fort  and  a  garrison  for  the  benefit  of  tlie  river 
traders.  *  *  *  From  the  Arkansas  to  the  Illinois,  nearly  five  hundred 
leagues,  there  is  not  a  settlement.  There  should  be,  however,  a  fort  at 
the  Oubache  (Ohio),  the  only  path  by  which  the  English  can  reach  the 
Mississippi.     In  the  Illinois  country  are  numberless  mines,  but  no  one  to 


32 


THE    NOKTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


work  them  as  they  deserve."  Father  :Marest,  writing  from  the  post  at 
Vinceniies  in  181 2,  makes  the  same  observation.  Vivier  also  says  :  "  Some 
individuals  dig  lead  near  the  surface  and  supply  the  Indians  and  Canada. 
Two  Spaniards  now  here,  who  claim  to  be  adepts,  say  that  our  mines  are 
like  those  of  Mexico,  and  that  if  we  would  dig  deeper,  we  should  find 
silver  under  the  lead  ;  and  at  any  rate  the  lead  is  excellent.  There  is  also 
in  this  country,  beyond  doubt,  copper  ore,  as  from  time  to  time  large 
pieces  are  found  in  the  streams." 


HUNTING. 


At  the  close  of  the  year  1750,  the  French  occupied,  in  addition  to  the 
lower  Mississippi  posts  and  those  in  Illinois,  one  at  Du  Quesne,  one  at 
the  Maumee  in  the  country  of  the  Miamis,  and  one  at  Sandusky  in  what 
may  be  termed  the  Ohio  Valley.  In  the  northern  part  of  the  Northwest 
they  had  stations  at  St.  Joseph's  on  the  St.  Joseph's  of  Lake  Michigan, 
at  Fort  Ponchartrain  (Detroit),  at  Michillimackanac  or  Massillimacanac, 
Fox  River  of  Green  Bay,  and  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  The  fondest  dreams  of 
LaSalle  were  now  fully  realized.  The  French  alone  were  possessors  of 
this  vast  realm,  basing  their  claim  on  discovery  and  settlement.  Another 
nation,  however,  was  now  turning  its  attention  to  this  extensive  country, 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  33 

and  hearing  of  its  wealth,  began  to  lay  plans  for  occupying  it  and  for 
securing  the  great  profits  arising  therefrom. 

The  French,  however,  had  another  claim  to  this  country,  namely,  the 


DISCOVERY   OF   THE    OHIO. 

This  "  Beautiful "  river  was  discovered  by  Robert  Cavalier  de  La- 
Salle  in  1669,  four  years  before  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi  by  Joliet 
and  Marquette. 

While  LaSalle  w^as  at  his  trading  post  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  he  found 
leisure  to  study  nine  Indian  dialects,  the  chief  of  which  was  the  Iroquois. 
He  not  only  desired  to  facilitate  his  intercourse  in  trade,  but  he  longed 
to  travel  and  explore  the  unknown  regions  of  the  West.  An  incident 
soon  occurred   which  decided  him  to  fit  out  an  exploring  expedition. 

While  conversing  with  some  Senecas,  he  learned- of  a  river  called  the 
Ohio,  which  rose  in  their  country  and  flowed  to  the  sea,  but  at  such  a 
distance  that  it  required  eight  months  to  reach  its  mouth.  In  this  state- 
ment the  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries  were  considered  as  one  stream. 
LaSalle  believing,  as  most  of  the  French  at  that  period  did,  that  the  great 
rivers  flowing  west  emptied  into  the  Sea  of  California,  was  anxious  to 
embark  in  the  enterprise  of  discovering  a  route  across  the  continent  to 
the  commerce  of  China  and  Japan. 

He  repaired  at  once  to  Quebec  to  obtain  the  approval  of  the  Gov- 
ernor. His  eloquent  appeal  prevailed.  The  Governor  and  the  Intendant, 
Talon,  issued  letters  patent  authorizing  the  enterprise,  but  made  no  pro- 
vision to  defray  the  expenses.  At  this  juncture  the  seminary  of  St.  Sul- 
pice  decided  to  send  out  missionaries  in  connection  with  the  expedition, 
and  LaSalle  offering  to  sell  his  improvements  at  LaChine  to  raise  money^ 
the  offer  was  accepted  by  the  Superior,  and  two  thousand  eight  hundred 
dollars  were  raised,  with  which  LaSalle  purchased  four  canoes  and  the 
necessary  supplies  for  the  outfit.  ^ 

On  the  6th  of  July,  1669,  the  party,  numbering  twenty-four  persons, 
embarked  in  seven  canoes  on  the  St.  Lawrence ;  two  additional  canoes 
carried  the  Indian  guides.  In  three  days  they  were  gliding  over  the 
bosom  of  Lake  Ontario.  Their  guides  conducted  them  directly  to  the 
Seneca  village  on  the  bank  of  the  Genesee,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
City  of  Rochester,  New  York.  Here  they  expected  to  procure  guides  to 
conduct  them  to  the  Ohio,  but  in  this  they  were  disappointed. 

The  Indians  seemed  unfriendly  to  the  enterprise.  LaSalle  suspected 
that  the  Jesuits  had  prejudiced  their  minds  against  his  plans.  After 
waiting  a  month  in  the  hope  of  gaining  their  object,  they  met  an  Indian 


84 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


from  the  Iroquois  colony  at  the  head  of  Lake  Ontario,  who  assured  them 
that  they  could  there  find  guides,  and  offered  to  conduct  them  thence. 

On  their  way  they  passed  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  when  they 
heard  for  the  first  time  the  distant  thunder  of  the  cataract.     Arriving 


'^H.^3.^^_ 


IKOyUOlS    CUliii?'. 

among  the  Iroquois,  they  met  with  a  friendly  reception,  and  learned 
from  a  Shawanee  prisoner  "that  they  could  reach  the  Ohio  in  six  weeks. 
Delighted  with  the  unexpected  good  fortune,  they  made  ready  to  resume 
their  journey ;  but  just  as  they  were  about  to  start  thc}^  heard  of  the 
arrival  of  two  Frenchmen  in  a  neighboring  village.  One  of  them  proved 
to  bs  Louis  Joliet,   afterwards  famous  as  an  explorer  in  the  West.     He 


THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  35 

had  been  sent  by  the  Canadian  Government  to  explore  the  copper  mines 
on  Lake  Superior,  but  had  failed,  and  was  on  his  way  back  to  Quebec. 
He  gave  the  missionaries  a  map  of  the  country  he  had  explored  in  the 
lake  region,  together  with  an  account  of  .the  condition  of  the  Indians  in 
that  quarter.  This  induced  the  priests  to  determine  on  leaving  the 
expedition  and  going  to  Lake  Superior.  LaSalle  warned  them  that  the 
Jesuits  were  probably  occupying  that  field,  and  that  they  would  meet 
with  a  cold  reception.  Nevertheless  they  persisted  in  their  purpose,  and 
after  worship  on  the  lake  shore,  parted  from  LaSalle.  On  arriving  at 
Lake  Superior,  they  found,  as  LaSalle  had  predicted,  the  Jesuit  Fathers, 
Marquette  and  Dablon,  occupying  the  field. 

These  zealous  disciples  of  Loyola  informed  them  that  they  wanted 
no  assistance  from  St.  Sulpice,  nor  from  those  who  made  him  their  patron 
saint ;  and  thus  repulsed,  they  returned  to  Montreal  the  following  June 
without  having  made  a  single  discovery  or  converted  a  single  Indian. 

After  parting  with  the  priests,  LaSalle  went  to  the  chief  Iroquois 
village  at  Onondaga,  where  he  obtained  guides,  and  passing  thence  to  a 
tributary  of  the  Ohio  south  of  Lake  Erie,  he  descended  the  latter  as  far 
as  the  falls  at  Louisville.  Thus  was  the  Ohio  discovered  by  LaSalle,  the 
persevering  and  successful  French  explorer  of  the  West,  in  1669. 

The  account  of  the  latter  part  of  his  journey  is  found  in  an  anony- 
molis  paper,  which  purports  to  have  been  taken  from  the  lips  of  LaSalle 
himself  during  a  subsequent  visit  to  Paris.  In  a  letter  written  to  Count 
Frontenac  in  1667,  shortly  after  the  discovery,  he  himself  says  that  he 
discovered  the  Ohio  and  descended  it  to  the  falls.  This  was  regarded  as 
an  indisputable  fact  by  the  French  authorities,  who  claimed  the  Ohio 
Valley  upon  another  ground.  When  Washington  was  sent  by  the  colony 
of  Virginia  in  1753,  to  demand  of  Gordeur  de  St.  Pierre  why  the  French 
had  built  a  fort  on  the  Monongahela,  the  haughty  commandant  at  Quebec 
replied :  "  We  claim  the  country  on  the  Ohio  by  virtue  of  the  discoveries 
of  LaSalle,  and  will  not  give  it  up  to  the  English.  Our  orders  are  to 
make  prisoners  of  every  Englishman  found  trading  in  the  Ohio  Valley." 

ENGLISH  EXPLORATIONS  AND  SETTLEMENTS. 

When  the  new  year  of  1750  broke  in  upon  the  Father  of  Waters 
and  the  Great  Northwest,  all  was  still  wild  save  at  the  French  posts 
,  already  described.  In  1749,  when  the  English  first  began  to  think  seri- 
ously about  sending  men  into  the  West,  the  greater  portion  of  the  States 
of  Indiana,  Ohit>,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota  were  yet 
under  the  dominion  of  the  red  men.    The  English  knew,  however,  pretty 


36  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

conclusively  of  the  nature  of  the  wealth  of  these  wilds.  As  early  as 
1710,  Governor  Spotswood,  of  Virginia,  had  commenced  movements  to 
secure  the  country  west  of  the  Alleghenies  to  the  English  crown.  In 
Pennsylvania,  Governor  Keith  and  James  Logan,  secretary  of  the  prov- 
ince, from  1719  to  1731,  represented  to  the  powers  of  England  the  neces- 
sity of  securing  the  Western  lands.  Nothing  was  done,  however,  by  that 
power  save  to  take  some  diplomatic  steps  to  secure  the  claims  of  Britain 
to  this  unexplored  wilderness. 

.  England  had  from  the  outset  claimed  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific, 
on  the  ground  that  the  discovery  of  the  seacoast  and  its  possession  was  a 
discovery  and  possession  of  the  country,  and,  as  is  well  known,  her  grants 
to  the  colonies  extended  "  from  sea  to  sea."  This  was  not  all  her  claim. 
She  had  purchased  from  the  Indian  tribes  large  tracts  of  land.  This  lat- 
ter was  also  a  strong  argument.  As  early  as  1684,  Lord  Howard,  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  held  a  treaty  with  the  six  nations.  These  were  the 
great  Northern  Confederacy,  and  comprised  at  first  the  Mohawks,  Onei- 
das,  Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas.  Afterward  the  Tuscaroras  were 
taken  into  the  confederacy,  and  it  became  known  as  the  Six  Nations. 
They  came  under  the  protection  of  the  mother  country,  and  again  in 
1701,  they  repeated  the  agreement,  and  in  September,  1726,  a  formal  deed 
was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  the  chiefs.  The  validity  of  this  claim  has 
often  been  disputed,  but  never  successfully.  In  1744,  a  purchase  was 
made  at  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania,  of  certain  lands  within  the  "  Colony  of 
Virginia,"  for  which  the  Indians  received  <£200  in  gold  and  a  like  sum  in 
goods,  with  a  promise  that,  as  settlements  increased,  more  should  be  paid. 
The  Commissioners  from  Virginia  were  Colonel  Thomas  Lee  and  Colonel 
William  Beverly.  As  settlements  extended,  the  promise  of  more  pay  was 
called  to  mind,  and  Mr.  Conrad  Weiser  was  sent  across  the  mountains  with 
presents  to  appease  the  savages.  Col.  Lee,  and  some  Virginians  accompa- 
nied him  with  the  intention  of  sounding  the  Indians  upon  their  feelings 
regarding  the  English.  They  were  not  satisfied  with  their  treatment, 
and  plainly  told  the  Commissioners  why.  The  English  did  not  desire  the 
cultivation  of  the  country,  but  the  monopoly  of  the  Indian  trade.  In 
1748,  the  Ohio  Company  was  formed,  and  petitioned  the  king  for  a  gram 
of  land  beyond  the  Alleghenies.  This  was  granted,  and  the  government 
of  Virginia  was  ordered  to  grant  to  them  a  half  million  acres,  two  hun- 
dred thousand  of  which  were  to  be  located  at  once.  Upon  the  12tli  of 
June,  1749,  800,000  acres  from  the  line  of  Canada  north  and  west  was 
made  to  the  Loyal  Company,  and  on  the  29th  of  October,  1751,  100,000 
acres  were  given  to  the  Greenbriar  Company.  All  this  time  the  French 
were  not  idle.  They  saw  that,  should  the  British  gain  a /oothold  in  the 
West,  especially  upon  the  Ohio,  they  might  not  only  prevent  the  French 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  37 

settling  upon  it,  but  in  time  would  come  to  the  lower  posts  and  so  gain 
possession  of  the  whole  country.  Upon  the  10th  of  May,  1774,  Vaud- 
reuil,  Governor  of  Canada  and  the  French  possessions,  well  knowing  the 
consequences  that  must  arise  from  allowing  the  English  to  build  tradino- 
posts  in  the  Northwest,  seized  some  of  their  frontier  posts,  and  to  further 
secure  the  claim  of  the  French  to  the  West,  be,  in  1749,  sent  Louis  Cel- 
eron with  a  party  of  soldiers  to  plant  along  the  Ohio  River,  in  the  mounds 
and  at  the  mouths  of  its  principal  tributaries,  plates  of  lead,  on  which 
were  inscribed  the  claims  of  France.  These  Avere  heard  of  in  1752,  and 
within  the  memory  of  residents  now  living  along  the  "■  Oyo,"  as  the 
beautiful  river  was  called  by  the  French.  One  of  these  plates  was  found 
with  the  inscription  partly  defaced.  It  bears  date  August  16,  1749,  and 
a  copy  of  the  inscription  with  particular  account  of  the  discovery  of  the 
plate,  was  sent  by  DeWitt  Clinton  to  the  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
among  whose  journals  it  may  now  be  found.*  These  measures  did  not, 
however,  deter  the  English  from  going  on  with  their  explorations,  and 
though  neither  party  resorted  to  arms,  yet  the  conflict  was  gathering,  and 
it  was  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  storm  would  burst  upon  the 
frontier  settlements.  In  1750,  Christopher  Gist  was  sent  by  the  Ohio 
Company  to  examine  its  lands.  He  went  to  a  village  of  the  Twigtwees, 
on  the  Miami,  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  above  its  mouth.  He 
afterward  spoke  of  it  ,as  very  populous.  From  there  he  went  down 
the  Ohio  River  nearly  to  the  falls  at  the  present  City  of  Louisville, 
and  in  November  he  commenced  a  survey  of  the  Company's  lands.  Dur- 
ing the  Winter,  General  Andrew  Lewis  performed  a  similar  work  for  the 
Greenbriar  Company.  Meanwhile  the  French  were  bus}^  in  preparing 
their  forts  for  defense,  and  in  opening  roads,  and  also  sent  a  small  party 
of  soldiers  to  keep  the  Ohio  clear.  This  party,  having  heard  of  the  Eng- 
lish post  on  the  Miami  River,  early  in  1652,  assisted  by  the  Ottawas  and 
Chippewas,  attacked  it,  and,  after  a  severe  battle,  in  which  fourteen  of 
the  natives  were  killed  and  others  wounded,  captured  the  garrison. 
(They  were  probably  garrisoned  in  a  block  house).  The  traders  were 
carried  away  to  Canada,  and  one  account  says  several  were  burned.  This 
fort  or  post  was  called  by  the  English  Pickawillany.  A  memorial  of  the 
king's  ministers  refers  to  it  as  "  Pickawillanes,  in  the  center  of  the  terri- 
tory between  the  Ohio  and  the  Wabash.  The  name  is  probably  some 
variation  of  Pickaway  or  Picqua  in  1773,  written  by  Rev.  David  Jones 
Pickaweke." 

••  The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  inscription  on  the  plate:  "In  the  year  1749,  reign  of  Louis  XV., 
King  of  France,  we,  Celeron,  coniuiandant  of  a  detachment  by  Monsieur  the  Marquis  of  Gallisoniere,  com- 
mancler-ln-chief  of  New  France,  to  establish  tranquility  in  certain  Indian  villages  of  tliese  cantons,  have 
buried  this  plate  at  the  confluence  of  the  Toradakoin,  this  twenty-ninth  of  July,  near  the  river  Ohio,  otherwise 
Beautiful  River,  as  a  monument  of  renewal  of  possession  which  we  have  taken  of  the  said  river,  and  all  its 
tributaries;  inasmuch  as  the  preceding  Kings  of  France  have  enjoyed  it,  and  maintained  it  by  their  arms  auU 
treaties;  especially  by  those  of  Ryswick,  Utrecht,  and  Aix  La  Chapelle." 


gg  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOEji. 

This  was  the  first  blood  shed  between  the  French  and  English,  and 
occurred  near  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio,  or  at  least  at  a  point  about 
forty-seven  miles  north  of  Dayton.     Each  nation  became  now  more  inter- 
ested in  the  progress  of  events  in  the  Northwest.     The  English  deter- 
mined to  purchase  from  the  Indians  a  title  to  the  lands  they  wished  to 
occupy,  and  Messrs.   Fry  (afterward  Commander-in-chief  over  Washing- 
ton at  the  commencement  of  the  French  War  of  1775-1763),  Lomax  and 
Patton  were  sent  in  the  Spring  of  1752  to  hold  a  conference  with  the 
natives  at  Logstown  to  learn  what  they  objected  to  in  the  treaty  of  Lan- 
caster already  noticed,  and  to  settle  all  difficulties.     On  the  9th  of  June, 
these  Commissioners  met  the  red  men  at  Logstown,  a  little  village  on  the 
north  bank  of  the  Ohio,  about  seventeen  miles  below  the  site  of  Pitts- 
burgh.    Here  had  been  a  trading  point  for  many  years,  but  it  was  aban- 
doned by  the  Indians  in  1750.     At  first  the  Indians  declined  to  recognize 
the  treaty  of  Lancaster,  but,  the  Commissioners  taking  aside  Montour, 
the  interpreter,  who  was  a  son  of  the  famous  Catharine  Montour,  and  a 
chief  among  the  six  nations,  induced  him  to  use  his  influence  in  their 
favor.     This  he  did,  and  upon  the  13th  of  June  they  all  united  in  signing 
a  deed,  confirming  the  Lancaster  treaty  in  its  full  extent,  consenting  to  a 
settlement  of  the  southeast  of  the  Ohio,  and  guaranteeing  that  it  should 
not  be  disturbed  by  them.     These  were  the  means  used  to  obtain  the  first 
treaty  with  the  Indians  in  the  Ohio  Valley. 

Meanwhile  the  powers  beyond  the  sea  were  trying  to  out-manoeuvre 
each  other,  and  were  professing  to  be  at  peace.  The  English  generally 
outwitted  the  Indians,  and  failed  in  many  instances  to  fulfill  their  con- 
tracts. They  thereby  gained  the  ill-will  of  the  red  men,  and  further 
increased  the  feeling  by  failing  to  provide  them  with  arms  and  ammuni- 
tion. Said  an  old  chief,  at  Easton,  in  1758 :  "  The  Indians  on  the  Ohio 
left  you  because  of  your  own  fault.  When  we  heard  the  French  were 
coming,  we  asked  you  for  help  and  arms,  but  we  did  not  get  them.  The 
French  came,  they  treated  us  kindly,  and  gained  our  affections.  The 
Governor  of  Virginia  settled  on  our  lands  for  his  own  benefit,  and,  when 
we  wanted  help,  forsook  us." 

At  the  beginning  of  1653,  the  English  thought  they  had  secured  by 
title  the  lands  in  the  West,  but  the  French  had  quietly  gathered  cannon 
and  military  stores  to  be  in  readiness  for  the  expected  blow.  The  Eng- 
lish made  other  attempts  to  ratify  these  existing  treaties,  but  not  until 
the  Summer  could  the  Indians  be  gathered  together  to  discuss  the  plans 
of  the  French.  They  had  sent  messages  to  the  French,  warning  them 
away  ;  but  they  replied  that  they  intended  to  complete  the  chain  of  forts 
already  begun,  and  would  not  abandon  the  field. 

Soon  after  this,  no  satisfaction  being  obtained  from  the  Ohio  regard- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  39 

ing  the  positions  and  purposes  of  the  French,  Governor  Dinwiddie  of 
Virginia  determined  to  send  to  them  another  messenger  and  learn  from 
them,  if  possible,  their  intentions.  For  this  purpose  he  selected  a  young 
man,  a  surveyor,  who,  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen,  had  received  the  rank 
of  major,  and  who  was  thoroughly  posted  regarding  frontier  life.  This 
personage  was  no  other  than  the  illustrious  George  Washington,  who  then 
held  considerable  iftterest  in  Western  lands.  He  was  at  this  time  just 
twenty-two  years  of  age.  Taking  Gist  as  his  guide,  the  two,  accompanied 
by  four  servitors,  set  out  on  their  perilous  march.  They  left  Will's 
Creek  on  the  10th  of  November,  1753,  and  on  the  22d  reached  the  Monon- 
Q-ahela,  about  ten  miles  above  the  fork.  From  there  they  went  to 
Logstown,  where  Washington  had  a  long  conference  with  the  chiefs  of 
the  Six  Nations.  From  them  he  learned  the  condition  of  the  French,  and 
also  heard  of  their  determination  not  to  come  down  the  river  till  the  fol- 
lowing Spring.  The  Indians  were  non-committal,  as  they  were  afraid  to 
turn  either  way,  and,  as  far  as  they  could,  desired  to  remain  neutral. 
Washington,  finding  nothing  could  be  done  with  them,  went  on  to 
Venaneo,  an  old  Indian  town  at  the  mouth  of  French  Creek.  Here  the 
French  had  a  fort,  called  Fort  Machault.  Through  the  rum  and  flattery 
of  the  French,  he  nearly  lost  all  his  Indian  followers.  Finding  nothing 
of  importance  here,  he  pursued  his  way  amid  great  privations,  and  on  the 
11th  of  December  reached  the  fort  at  the  head  of  French  Creek.  Here 
he  delivered  Governor  Dinwiddle's  letter,  received  his  answer,  took  his 
observations,  and  on  the  16th  set  out  upon  his  return  journey  with  no  one 
but  Gist,  his  guide,  and  a  few  Indians  who  still  remained  true  to  him, 
notwithstanding  the  endeavors  of  the  French  to  retain  them.  Their 
homeward  journey  was  one  of  great  peril  and  suffering  from  the  cold,  yet 
they  reached  home  in  safety  on  the  6th  of  January,  1754. 

From  the  letter  of  St.  Pierre,  commander  of  the  French  fort,  sent  by 
Washington  to  Governor  Dinwiddie,  it  was  learned  that  the  French  would 
not  o-ive  up  without  a  struggle.  Active  preparations  were  at  once  made 
in  all  the  English  colonies  for  the  coming  conflict,  while  the  French 
finished  the  fort  at  Venango  and  strengthened  their  lines  of  fortifications, 
and  gathered  their  forces  to  be  in  readiness. 

The  Old  Dominion  was  all  alive.  Virginia  was  the  center  of  great 
activities ;  volunteers  were  called  for,  and  from  all  the  neighboring 
colonies  men  rallied  to  the  conflict,  and  everywhere  along  the  Potomac 
men  were  enlisting  under  the  Governor's  proclamation — which  promised 
two  hundred  thousand  acres  on  the  Ohio.  Along  this  river  they  were 
gathering  as  far  as  Will's  Creek,  and  far  beyond  this  point,  whither  Trent 
had  come  for  assistance  for  his  little  band  of  forty-one  men,  who  were 


40  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

working  Siwuy  in  hunger  and  want,  to  fortify  that  point  at  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio,  to  which  both  parties  were  looking  with  deep  interest. 

"  The  first  birds  of  Spring  filled  the  air  with  their  song ;  the  swift 
river  rolled  by  the  Allegheny  hillsides,  swollen  by  the  melting  snows  of 
Spring  and  the  April  showers.  The  leaves  were  appearing  ;  a  few  Indian 
scouts  were  seen,  but  no  enemy  seemed  near  at  hand  ;  and  all  was  so  quiet, 
that  Frazier,  an  old  Indian  scout  and  trader,  who  had  been  left  by  Trent 
in  command,  ventured  to  his  home  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  ten 
miles  up  the  Monongahela.  But,  though  all  was  so  quiet  in  that  wilder- 
ness, keen  eyes  had  seen  the  low  intrenchment  rising  at  the  fork,  and 
swift  feet  had  borne  the  news  of  it  up  the  river  ;  and  upon  the  morning 
of  the  17th  of  April,  Ensign  Ward,  who  then  had  charge  of  it,  saw 
upon  the  Allegheny  a  sight  that  made  his  heart  sink — sixty  batteaux  and 
three  hundred  canoes  filled  with  men,  and  laden  deep  with  cannon  and 
stores.  *  *  *  That  evening  he  supped  with  his  captor,  Contrecoeur, 
and  the  next  day  he  was  bowed  off  by  the  Frenchman,  and  with  his  men 
and  tools,  marched  up  the  Monongahela." 

The  French  and  Indian  war  had  begun.  The  treaty  of  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  in  1748,  had  left  the  boundaries  between  the  French  and 
English  possessions  unsettled,  and  the  events  already  narrated  show  the 
French  were  determined  to  hold  the  country  watered  by  the  Mississippi 
and  its  tributaries  ;  while  the  English  laid  claims  to  the  country  by  virtue 
of  the  discoveries  of  the  Cabots,  and  claimed  all  the  country  from  New- 
foundland to  Florida,  extending  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  The 
first  decisive  blow  had  now  been  struck,  and  the  first  attempt  of  the 
English,  through  the  Ohio  Company,  to  occupy  these  lands,  had  resulted 
disastrously  to  them.  The  French  and  Indians  immediately  completed 
the  fortifications  begun  at  the  Fork,  which  they  had  so  easily  captured, 
and  when  completed  gave  to  the  fort  the  name  of  DuQuesne.  Washing- 
ton was  at  Will's  Creek  when  the  news  of  the  capture  of  the  fort  arrived. 
He  at  once  departed  to  recapture  it.  On  his  way  he  entrenched  him- 
self at  a  place  called  the  "  Meadows,"  where  he  erected  a  fort  called 
by  him  Fort  Necessity.  From  there  he  surprised  and  captured  a  force  of 
French  and  Indians  marching  against  him,  but  was  soon  after  attacked 
in  his  fort  by  a  much  superior  force,  and  was  obliged  to  yield  on  the 
morning  of  July  4th.     He  was  allowed  to  return  to  Virginia. 

The  English  Government  immediately  planned  four  campaigns ;  one 
against  Fort  DuQuesne  ;  one  against  Nova  Scotia ;  one  against  Fort 
Niagara,  and  one  against  Crown  Point.  These  occurred  during  1755--6, 
and  were  not  successful  in  driving  the  French  from  their  possessions. 
The  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne  was  led  by  the  famous  General 
Braddock,  who,  refusing  to  listen  to  the  advice  of  Washington  and  those 


.....    NOKTHWEST   TERRITORY.  41 

acquainted  with  Indian  warfare,  suffered  such  an  inglorious  defeat.  This 
occurred  on  the  morning  of  July  9th,  and  is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  Monongahela,  or  ''  Braddock's  Defeat."  The  war  continued  with 
various  vicissitudes  through  the  years  1756-7  ;  when,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  1758,  in  accordance  with  the  plans  of  William  Pitt,  then  Secre- 
tary of  State,  afterwards  Lord  Chatham,  active  preparations  were  made  to 
carry  on  the  war.  Three  expeditions  were  planned  for  this  year :  one, 
under  General  Amherst,  against  Louisburg  ;  another,  under  Abercrombie, 
against  Fort  Ticonderoga  ;  and  a  third,  under  General  Forbes,  against 
Fort  DuQuesne.  On  the  26th  of  July,  Louisburg  surrendered  after  a 
desperate  resistance  of  more  than  forty  days,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the 
Canadian  possessions  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British.  Abercrombie 
captured  Fort  Frontenac,  and  when  the  expedition  against  Fort  DuQuesne, 
of  which  Washington  had  the  active  command,  arrived  there,  it  was 
found  in  flames  and  deserted.  The  English  at  once  took  possession, 
rebuilt  the  fort,  and  in  honor  of  their  illustrious  statesman,  changed  the 
name  to  Fort  Pitt. 

The  great  object  of  the  campaign  of  1759,  was  the  reduction  of 
Canada.  General  Wolfe  was  to  lay  siege  to  Quebec ;  Amherst  was  to 
reduce  Ticonderoga  and  Crown  Point,  and  General  Prideaux  was  to 
capture  Niagara.  This  latter  place  was  taken  in  July,  but  the  gallant 
Prideaux  lost  his  life  in  the  attempt.  Amherst  captured  Ticonderoga 
and  Crown  Point  without  a  blow  ;  and  Wolfe,  after  making  the  memor- 
able ascent  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  on  September  13th,  defeated 
Montcalm,  and  on  the  18th,  the  city  capitulated.  In  this  engagement 
Montcolm  and  Wolfe  both  lost  their  lives.  De  Levi,  Montcalm's  successor, 
marched  to  Sillery,  three  miles  above  the  city,  with  the  purpose  of 
defeating  the  English,  and  there,  on  the  28th  of  the  following  April,  was 
fought  one  of  the  bloodiest  battles  of  the  French  and  Indian  War.  It 
resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  French,  and  the  fall  of  the  City  of  Montreal. 
The  Governor  signed  a  capitulation  by  which  the  whole  of  Canada  was 
surrendered  to  the  English.  This  practically  concluded  the  war,  but  it 
was  not  until  1763  that  the  treaties  of  peace  between  France  and  England 
were  signed.  This  was  done  on  the  10th  of  February  of  that  year,  and 
under  its  provisions  all  the  country  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of 
the  Iberville  River,  in  Louisiana,  were  ceded  to  England.  At  the  same 
time  Spain  ceded  Florida  to  Great  Britain. 

On  the  13th  of  September,  1760,  Major  Robert  Rogers  was  sent 
from  Montreal  to  take  charge  of  Detroit,  the  only  remaining  French  post 
in  the  territory.  He  arrived  there  on  the  19th  of  November,  and  sum- 
moned the  place  to  surrender.  At  first  the  commander  of  the  post, 
Beletre,  refused,  but  on  the  29th,  hearing  of  the  continued  defeat  of  the 


42  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

French  arms,  surrendered.  Rogers  remained  there  until  December  23d 
under  the  personal  protection  of  the  celebrated  chief,  Pontiac,  to  whom, 
no  doubt,  he  owed  his  safety.  Pontiac  had  come  here  to  inquire  the 
purposes  of  the  EngHsh  in  taking  possession  of  the  country.  He  was 
assured  that  they  came  simply  to  trade  with  the  natives,  and  did  not 
desire  their  country.  This  answer  conciliated  the  savages,  and  did  much 
to  insure  the  safety  of  Rogers  and  his  party  during  their  stay,  and  while 
on  their  journey  home. 

Rogers  set  out  for  Fort  Pitt  on  December  23,  and  was  just  one 
month  on  the  way.  His  route  was  from  Detroit  to  Maumee,  thence 
across  the  present  State  of  Ohio  directly  to  the  fort.  This  was  the  com- 
mon trail  of  the  Indians  in  their  journeys  from  Sandusky  to  the  fork  of 
the  Ohio.  It  went  from  Fort  Sandusky,  where  Sandusky  City  now  is, 
crossed  the  Huron  river,  then  called  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  to  "  Mohickon 
John's  Town"  on  Mohickon  Creek,  the  northern  branch  of  White 
Woman's  River,  and  thence  crossed  to  Beaver's  Town,  a  Delaware  town 
on  what  is  now  Sandy  Creek.  At  Beaver's  Town  were  probably  one 
hundred  and  fifty  warriors,  and  not  less  than  three  thousand  acres  of 
cleared  land.  From  there  the  track  went  up  Sandy  Creek  to  and  across 
Big  Beaver,  and  up  the  Ohio  to  Logstown,  thence  on  to  the  fork. 

■  The  Northwest  Territory  was  now  entirely  under  the  English  rule. 
New  settlements  began  to  be  rapidly  made,  and  the  promise  of  a  large 
trade  was  speedily  manifested.  Had  the  British  carried  out  their  promises 
with  the  natives  none  of  those  savage  butcheries  would  have  been  perpe- 
trated, and  the  country  would  have  been  spared  their  recital. 

The  renowned  chief,  Pontiac,  was  one  of  the  leading  spirits  in  these 
atrocities.  We  will  now  pause  in  our  narrative,  and  notice  the  leading 
events  in  his  life.  The  earliest  authentic  information  regarding  this 
noted  Indian  chief  is  learned  from  an  account  of  an  Indian  trader  named 
Alexander  Henry,  who,  in  the  Spring  of  1761,  penetrated  his  domains  as 
far  as  Missillimacnac.  Pontiac  was  then  a  great  friend  of  the  French, 
but  a  bitter  foe  of  the  English,  whom  he  considered  as  encroaching  on  his 
hunting  grounds.  Henry  was  obliged  to  disguise  himself  as  a  Canadian 
to  insure  safety,  but  was  discovered  by  Pontiac,  who  bitterly  reproached 
him  and  the  English  for  their  attempted  subjugation  of  the  West.  He 
declared  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them;  no  presents  sent 
them,  and  that  he  would  resent  any  possession  of  the  West  by  that  nation. 
He  was  at  the  time  about  fifty  years  of  age,  tall  and  dignified,  and  was 
civil  and  military  ruler  of  the  Ottawas,  Ojibwas  and  Pottawatamies. 

The  Indians,  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  borders  of  North  Carolina, 
were  united  in  this  feeling,  and  at  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Paris,  ratified 
February  10,  1763,  a   general  conspiracy  was  formed  to  fall  suddenly 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


13 


PONTIAC,  THE  OTTAWA  CHIEFTAIN. 


44  THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

upon  the  frontier  British  posts,  and  with  one  blow  strike  every  man  dead. 
Pontiac  was  the  marked  leader  in  all  this,  and  was  the  commander 
of  the  Chippewas,  Ottawas,  Wyandots,  Miamis,  Shawanese,  Delawares 
and  Mingoes,  who  had,  for  the  time,  laid  aside  their  local  quarrels  to  unite 
in  this  enterprise. 

The  blow  came,  as  near  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  on  May  7,  1768. 
Nine  British  posts  fell,  and  the  Indians  drank,  "  scooped  up  in  the  hollow 
of  joined  hands,"  the  blood  of  many  a  Briton. 

Pontiac's  immediate  field  of  action  was  the  garrison  at  Detroit. 
Here,  however,  the  plans  were  frustrated  by  an  Indian  woman  disclosing 
the  plot,  the  evening  previous  to  his  arrival.  Everything  was  carried  out, 
however,  according  to  Pontiac's  plans  until  the  moment  of  action,  when 
Major  Gladwyn,  the  commander  of  the  post,  stepping  to  one  of  the  Indian 
chiefs,  suddenly  drew  aside  his  blanket  and  disclosed  the  concealed 
musket.  Pontiac,  though  a  brave  man,  turned  pale  and  trembled.  He 
saw  his  plan  was  known,  and  that  the  garrison  were  prepared.  He 
endeavored  to  exculpate  himself  from  any  such  intentions  ;  but  the  guilt 
was  evident,  and  he  and  his  followers  were  dismissed  with  a  severe 
reprimand,  and  warned  never  to  again  enter  the  walls  of  the  post. 

Pontiac  at  once  laid  siege  to  the  fort,  and  until  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  the  British  and  the  Western  Indians,  concluded  in  August,  1764, 
continued  to  harass  and  besiege  the  fortress.  He  organized  a  regular 
commissariat  department,  issued  bills  of  credit  written  out  on  bark, 
which,  to  his  credit,  it  may  be  stated,  were  punctually  redeemed.  At 
the  conclusion  of  the  treaty,  in  which  it  seems  he  took  no  part,  he  went 
further  south,  living  many  years  among  the  Illinois. 

He  had  given  up  all  hope  of  saving  his  country  and  race.  After  a 
time  he  endeavored  to  unite  the  Illinois  tribe  and  those  about  St.  Louis 
in  a  war  with  the  whites.  His  efforts  were  fruitless,  and  only  ended  in  a 
quarrel  between  himself  and  some  Kaskaskia  Indians,  one  of  whom  soon 
afterwards  killed  him.  His  death  was,  however,  avenged  by  the  northern 
Indians,  who  nearly  exterminated  the  Illinois  in  the  wars  which  followed. 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  treachery  of  a  few  of  his  followers,  his  plan 
for  the  extermination  of  the  whites,  a  masterly  one,  would  undoubtedly 
have  been  carried  out. 

It  was  in  the  Spring  of  the  year  following  Rogers'  visit  that  Alex- 
ander Henry  went  to  Missillimacnac,  and  everywhere  found  the  strongest 
feelings  against  the  English,  who  had  not  carried  out  their  promises,  and 
were  doing  nothing  to  conciliate  the  natives.  Here  he  met  the  chief, 
Pontiac,  who,  after  conveying  to  him  in  a  speech  the  idea  that  their 
French  father  would  awake  soon  and  utterly  destroy  his  enemies,  said : 
*'  Englishman,  although  you  have  conquered  the  French,  you  have  not 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  45 

yet  conquered  us  !  We  are  not  your  slaves!  These  lakes,  these  woods, 
these  mountains,  were  left  us  by  our  ancestors.  They  are  our  inheritance, 
and  we  will  part  with  them  to  none.  Your  nation  supposes  that  we,  like 
the  white  people,  can  not  live  without  bread  and  pork  and  beef.  But  you 
ought  to  know  that  He,  the  Great  Spirit  and  Master  of  Life,  has  provided 
food  for  us  upon  these  broad  lakes  and  in  these  mountains." 

He  then  spoke  of  the  fact  that  no  treaty  had  been  made  with  them, 
no  presents  sent  them,  and  that  he  and  his  people  were  yet  for  war. 
Such  were  the  feelings  of  the  Northwestern  Indians  immediately  after 
the  English  took  possession  of  their  countr3\  These  feelings  were  no 
doubt  encouraged  by  the  Canadians  and  French,  who  hoped  that  yet  the 
French  arms  might  prevail.  The  treaty  of  Paris,  however,  gave  to  the 
English  the  right  to  this  vast  domain,  and  active  preparations  were  going 
on  to  occupy  it  and  enjoy  its  trade  and  emoluments. 

In  1762,  France,  by  a  secret  treaty,  ceded  Louisiana  to  Spain,  to  pre- 
vent it  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  who  were  becoming  masters 
of  the  entire  West.  The  next  year  the  treaty  of  Paris,  signed  at  Fon- 
tainl)leau,  gave  to  the  English  the  domain  of  the  country  in  question. 
Twenty  years  after,  by  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  that  part  of  Canada  lying  south  and  west  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  comprehending  a  large  territory  which  is  the  subject  of  these 
sketches,  was  acknowledged  to  be  a  portion  of  the  United  States  ;  and 
twenty  years  still  later,  in  1803,  Louisiana  was  ceded  by  Spain  back  to 
France,  and  by  France  sold  to  the  United  States. 

In  the  half  century,  from  the  building  of  the  Fort  of  Crevecoeur  by 
LaSalle,  in  1680,  up  to  the  erection  of  Fort  Chartres,  many  French  set- 
tlements had  been  made  in  that  quarter.  These  have  already  been 
noticed,  being  those  at  St.  Vincent  (Vincennes),  Kohokia  or  Cahokia, 
Kaskaskia  and  Prairie  du  Rocher,  on  the  American  Bottom,  a  large  tract 
of  rich  alluvial  soil  in  Illinois,  on  the  Mississippi,  opposite  the  site  of  St. 

Louis. 

By  the  treaty  of  Paris,  the  regions  east  of  the  Mississippi,  including 
all  these  and  other  towns  of  the  Northwest,  were  given  over  to  England ; 
but  they  do  not  appear  to  have  been  taken  possession  of  until  1765,  when 
Captain  Stirling,  in  the  name  of  the  Majesty  of  England,  established  him- 
self at  Fort  Chartres  bearing  with  him  the  proclamation  of  General  Gage, 
dated  December  30,  176-4,  which  promised  religious  freedom  to  all  Cath- 
olics who  worshiped  here,  and  a  right  to  leave  the  country  with  their 
effects  if  they  wished,  or  to  remain  with  the  privileges  of  Englishmen. 
It  was  shortly  after  the  occupancy  of  the  West  by  the  British  that  the 
war  with  Pontiac  opened.  It  is  already  noticed  in  the  sketch  of  that 
chieftain.     By  it  many  a  Briton  lost  his  life,  and  many  a  frontier  settle- 


46  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

ment  in  its  infancy  ceased  to  exist.  This  was  not  ended  until  the  year 
1764,  when,  failing  to  capture  Detroit,  Niagara  and  Fort  Pitt,  his  confed- 
eracy became  disheartened,  and,  receiving  no  aid  from  the  French,  Pon- 
tiac  abandoned  the  enterprise  and  departed  to  the  Illinois,  among  whom 
he  afterward  lost  his  life. 

As  soon  as  these  difficulties  were  definitely  settled,  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  survey  the  country  and  prepare  for  occupation.  During  the 
year  1770,  a  number  of  persons  from  Virginia  and  other  British  provinces 
explored  and  marked  out  nearly  all  the  valuable  lands  on  the  Mononga- 
hela  and  along-  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  as  far  as  the  Little  Kanawha.  This 
was  followed  by  another  exploring  expedition,  in  which  George  Washing- 
ton was  a  party.  The  latter,  accompanied  by  Dr.  Craik,  Oapt.  Crawford 
and  others,  on  the  20th  of  October,  1770,  descended  the  Ohio  from  Pitts- 
burgh to  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha ;  ascended  that  stream  about  fourteen 
miles,  marked  out  several  large  tracts  of  land,  shot  several  buffalo,  which 
were  then  abundant  in  the  Ohio  Valley,  and  returned  to  the  fort. 

Pittsburgh  was  at  this  time  a  trading  post,  about  which  was  clus- 
tered a  village  of  some  twenty  houses,  inhabited  by  Indian  traders.  This 
same  year,  Capt.  Pittman  visited  Kaskaskia  and  its  neighboring  villages. 
He  found  there  about  sixty-five  resident  families,  and  at  Cahokia  only 
forty-five  dwellings.  At  Fort  Chartres  was  another  small  settlement,  and 
at  Detroit  the  garrison  were  quite  prosperous  and  strong.  For  a  year 
or  two  settlers  continued  to  locate  near  some  of  these  posts,  generally 
Fort  Pitt  or  Detroit,  owing  to  the  fears  of  the  Indians,  who  still  main- 
tained some  feelings  of  hatred  to  the  English.  The  trade  from  the  posts 
was  quite  good,  and  from  those  in  Illinois  large  quantities  of  pork  and 
flour  found  their  way  to  the  New  Orleans  market.  At  this  time  the 
policy  of  the  British  Government  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  extension 
of  the  colonies  west.  In  1763,  the  King  of  England  forbade,  by  royal 
proclamation,  his  colonial  subjects  from  making  a  settlement  beyond  the 
sources  of  the  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  At  the  instance 
of  the  Board  of  Trade,  measures  were  taken  to  prevent  the  settlement 
without  the  limits  prescribed,  and  to  retain  the  commerce  within  easy 
reach  of  Great  Britain. 

The  commander-in-chief  of  the  king's  forces  wrote  in  1769  :  "  In  the 
course  of  a  few  years  necessity  will  compel  the  colonists,  should  they 
extend  their  settlements  west,  to  provide  manufactures  of  some  kind  for 
themselves,  and  when  all  connection  upheld  by  commerce  with  the  mother 
country  ceases,  an  independency  in  their  government  will  soon  follow."' 

In  accordance  with  this  policy.  Gov.  Gage  issued  a  proclamation 
in  1772,  commanding  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes  to  abandon  their  set- 
tlements and  join  some  of  the  Eastern  English  colonies.     To  this  they 


THE   NQRTHWEST   TERRITORY.  47 

Strenuously  objected,  giving  good  reasons  therefor,  and  were  allowed  to 
remain.  The  strong  opposition  to  this  policy  of  Great  Britain  led  to  its 
change,  and  to  such  a  course  as  to  gain  the  attachment  of  the  French 
population.  In  December,  1773,  influential  citizens  of  Quebec  petitioned 
the  king  for  an  extension  of  the  boundary  lines  of  that  province,  which 
was  granted,  and  Parliament  passed  an  act  on  June  2,  177-4,  extend- 
ing the  boundary  so  as  to  include  the  territory  lying  within  the  present 
States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  Michigan. 

In  consequence  of  the  liberal  policy  pursued  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment toward  the  French  settlers  in  the  West,  they  were  disposed  to  favor 
that  nation  in  the  war  which  soon  followed  with  the  colonies  ;  but  the 
early  alliance  between  France  and  America  soon  brought  them  to  the  side 
of  the  war  for  independence. 

In  1774,  Gov.  Dunmore,  of  Virginia,  began  to  encourage  emigration 
to  the  Western  lands.  He  appointed  magistrates  at  Fort  Pitt  under  the 
pretense  that  the  fort  was  under  the  government  of  that  commonwealth. 
One  of  these  justices,  John  Connelly,  who  possessed  a  tract  of  land  in  the 
Ohio  Valley,  gathered  a  force  of  men  and  garrisoned  the  fort,  calling  it 
Fort  Dunmore.  This  and  other  parties  were  formed  to  select  sites  for 
settlements,  and  often  came  in  conflict  with  the  Indians,  who  yet  claimed 
portions  of  the  valley,  and  several  battles  followed.  These  ended  in  the 
famous  battle  of  Kanawha  in  July,  where  the  Indians  were  defeated  and 
driven  across  the  Ohio. 

During  the  years  1775  and  1776,  by  the  operations  of  land  companies 
and  the  perseverance  of  individuals,  several  settlements  were  firmly  estab- 
lished between  the  Alleghanies  and  the  Ohio  River,  and  western  land 
speculators  were  busy  in  Illinois  and  on  the  Wabash.  At  a  council  held 
in  Kaskaskia  on  July  5,  1773,  an  association  of  EngHsh  traders,  calling 
themselves  the  "  Illinois  Land  Company,"  obtained  from  ten  chiefs  of  the 
Kaskaskia,  Cahokia  and  Peoria  tribes  two  large  tracts  of  land  lying  on 
the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi  River  south  of  the  Illinois.  In  1775,  a  mer- 
chant from  the  Illinois  Country,  named  Viviat,  came  to  Post  Vincennes 
as  the  agent  of  the  association  called  the  "  Wabash  Land  Company."  On 
the  8th  of  October  he  obtained  from  eleven  Piankeshaw  chiefs,  a  deed  for 
37,497,600  acres  of  land.  This  deed  was  signed  by  the  grantors,  attested 
by  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vincennes,  and  afterward  recorded  in 
the  office  of  a  notary  public  at  Kaskaskia.  This  and  other  land  com- 
panies had  extensive  schemes  for  the  colonization  of  the  West ;  but  all 
were  frustrated  by  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution.  On  the  20th  of 
April,  1780,  the  two  companies  named  consolidated  under  the  name  of  the 
"  United  Illinois  and  Wabash  Land  Company."     They  afterward  made 


48  THE   NORTHWEST   TEBIIITORY. 

strenuous  efforts  to  have  these  grants  sanctioned  by  Congress,  but  all 
signally  failed. 

When  the  War  of  the  Revolution  commenced,  Kentucky  was  an  unor- 
ganized country,  though  there  v^ere  several  settlements  within  her  borders. 

In  Hutchins'  Topography  of  Virginia,  it  is  stated  that  at  that  time 
"  Kaskaskia  contained  80  houses,  and  nearly  1,000  white  and  black  in- 
habitants —  the  whites  being  a  little  the  more  numerous.  Cahokia  con- 
tains 50  houses  and  300  white  inhabitants,  and  80  negroes.  There  were 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  the  year  1771  " — when  these  observa- 
tions were  made  — "  300  white  men  capable  of  bearing  arms,  and  230 
negroes." 

From  1775  until  the  expedition  of  Clark,  nothing  is  recorded  and 
nothing  known  of  these  settlements,  save  what  is  contained  in  a  report 
made  by  a  committee  to  Congress  in  June,  1778.  From  it  the  following 
extract  is  made : 

"Near  the  mouth  of  the  River  Kaskaskia,  there  is  a  village  which 
appears  to  have  contained  nearly  eighty  families  from  the  beginning  of 
the  late  revolution.  There  are  twelve  families  in  a  small  village  at  la 
Prairie  du  Rochers,  and  near  fifty  families  at  the  Kahokia  Village.  There 
are  also  four  or  five  families  at  Fort  Chartres  and  St.  Philips,  which  is  five 
miles  further  up  the  river." 

St.  Louis  had  been  settled  in  February,  1764,  and  at  this  time  con- 
tained, including  its  neighboring  towns,  over  six  hundred  whites  and  one 
hundred  and  fifty  negroes.  It  must  be  remembered  that  all  the  country 
west  of  the  Mississippi  was  now  under  French  rule,  and  remained  so  until 
ceded  again  to  Spain,  its  original  owner,  Avho  afterwards  sold  it  and  the 
country  including  New  Orleans  to  the  United  States.  At  Detroit  there 
were,  according  to  Capt.  Carver,  who  was  in  the  Northwest  from  1766  to 
1768,  more  than  one  hundred  houses,  and  the  river  was  settled  for  more 
than  twenty  miles,  although  poorly  cultivated — the  people  being  engaged 
in  the  Indian  trade.  This  old  town  has  a  history,  which  we  will  here 
relate. 

It  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  Northwest,  having  been  founded  by 
Antoine  de  Lamotte  Cadillac,  in  1701.  It  was  laid  out  in  the  form  of  an 
oblong  square,  of  two  acres  in  length,  and  an  acre  and  a  half  in  width. 
As  described  by  A.  D.  Frazer,  who  first  visited  it  and  became  a  permanent 
resident  of  the  place,  in  1778,  it  comprised  within  its  limits  that  space 
between  Mr.  Palmer's  store  (Conant  Block)  and  Capt.  Perkins'  house 
(near  the  Arsenal  building),  and  extended  back  as  far  as  the  public  barn» 
and  was  bordered  in  front  by  the  Detroit  River.  It  was  surrounded  by 
oak  and  cedar  pickets,  about  fifteen  feet  long,  set  in  the  ground,  and  had 
four  gates  —  east,  west,  north  and  south.     Over  the  first  three  of  these 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  49 

gates  were  block  houses  provided  with  four  guns  apiece,  each  a  six- 
pounder.  Two  six-gun  batteries  were  planted  fronting  the  river  and  in  a 
parallel  direction  with  the  block  houses.  There  were  four  streets  running 
east  and  west,  the  main  street  being  twenty  feet  wide  and  the  rest  fifteen 
feet,  while  the  four  streets  crossing  these  at  right  angles  were  from  ten 
to  fifteen  feet  in  width. 

At  the  date  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Frazer,  there  was  no  fort  within  the 
enclosure,  but  a  citadel  on  the  ground  corresponding  to  the  present 
northwest  corner  of  Jefferson  Avenue  and  Wayne  Street.  The  citadel  was 
inclosed  by  pickets,  and  within  it  were  erected  barracks  of  wood,  two 
stories  high,  sufficient  to  contain  ten  oflBcers,  and  also  barracks  sufficient 
to  contain  four  hundred  men,  and  a  provision  store  built  of  brick.  The 
citadel  also  contained  a  hospital  and  guard-house.  The  old  town  of 
Detroit,  in  1778,  contained  about  sixty  houses,  most  of  them  one  story, 
with  a  few  a  story  and  a  half  in  height.  They  were  all  of  logs,  some 
hewn  and  some  round.  There  was  one  building  of  splendid  appearance, 
called  the  "  King's  Palace,"  two  stories  high,  which  stood  near  the  east 
gate.  It  was  built  for  Governor  Hamilton,  the  first  governor  commissioned 
by  the  British.  There  were  two  guard-houses,  one  near  the  west  gate  and 
the  other  near  the  Government  House.  Each  of  the  guards  consisted  of 
twenty-four  men  and  a  subaltern,  who  mounted  regularly  every  morning 
between  nine  and  ten  o'clock.  Each  furnished  four  sentinels,  who  were 
relieved  every  two  hours.  There  was  also  an  officer  of  the  day,  who  per- 
formed strict  duty.  Each  of  the  gates  was  shut  regularly  at  snnset; 
even  wicket  gates  were  shut  at  nine  o'clock,  and  all  the  keys  were 
delivered  into  the  hands  of  the  commanding  officer.  They  were  opened 
in  the  morning  at  sunrise.  No  Indian  or  squaw  was  permitted  to  enter 
town  with  any  weapon,  such  as  a  tomahawk  or  a  knife.  It  was  a  stand- 
ing order  that  the  Indians  should  deliver  their  arms  and  instruments  of 
every  kind  before  they  were  permitted  to  pass  the  sentinel,  and  they  were 
restored  to  them  on  their  return.  No  more  than  twenty-five  Indians  were 
allowed  to  enter  the  town  at  any  one  time,  and  they  were  admitted  only 
at  the  east  and  west  gates.  At  sundown  the  drums  beat,  and  all  the 
Indians  were  required  to  leave  town  instantly.  There  was  a  council  house 
near  the  water  side  for  the  purpose  of  holding  council  with  the  Indians. 
The  population  of  the  town  was  about  sixty  families,  in  all  about  two 
hundred  males  and  one  hundred  females.  This  town  was  destroyed  by 
fire,  all  except  one  dwelling,  in  1805.  After  which  the  present  ''new" 
town  was  laid  out. 

On  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  the  British  held  every  post  of 
importance  in  the  West.  Kentucky  was  formed  as  a  component  part  of 
Virginia,  and  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  the  West,  alive  to  their  interests, 


60  THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 

and  recognizing  the  great  benefits  of  obtaining  the  control  of  the  trade  in 
this  part  of  the  New  World,  held  steadily  to  their  purposes,  and  those 
within  the  commonwealth  of  Kentucky  proceeded  to  exercise  their 
civil  privileges,  by  electing  John  Todd  and  Richard  Gallaway, 
burgesses  to  represent  them  in  the  Assembly  of  the  parent  state. 
Early  in  September  of  that  year  (1777)  the  first  court  was  held 
in  Harrodsburg,  and  Col.  Bowman,  afterwards  major,  who  had  arrived 
in  August,  was  made  the  commander  of  a  militia  organization  which 
had  been  commenced  the  March  previous.  Thus  the  tree  of  loyalty 
was  growing.  The  chief  spirit  in  this  far-out  colony,  who  had  represented 
her  the  year  previous  east  of  the  mountains,  was  now  meditating  a  move 
unequaled  in  its  boldness.  He  had  been  watching  the  movements  of  the 
British  throughout  the  Northwest,  and  understood  their  whole  plan.  Ht 
saw  it  was  through  their  possession  of  the  posts  at  Detroit,  Vinceunes, 
Kaskaskia,  and  other  places,  which  would  give  them  constant  and  easy 
access  to  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  the  Northwest,  that  the  British 
intended  to  penetrate  the  country  from  the  north  and  south,  and  annihi- 
late the  frontier  fortresses.  This  moving,  energetic  man  was  Colonel, 
afterwards  General,  George  Rogers  Clark.  He  knew  the  Indians  were  not 
unanimously  in  accord  with  the  English,  and  he  was  convinced  that,  could 
the  British  be  defeated  and  expelled  from  the  Northwest,  the  natives 
might  be  easily  awed  into  neutrality  ;  and  by  spies  sent  for  the  purpose, 
he  satisfied  himself  that  the  enterprise  against  the  Illinois  settlements 
might  easily  succeed.  Having  convinced  himself  of  the  certainty  of  the 
project,  he  repaired  to  the  Capital  of  Virginia,  which  place  he  reached  on 
November  5th.  While  he  was  on  his  way,  fortunately,  on  October  17th, 
Burgoyne  had  been  defeated,  and  the  spirits  of  the  colonists  greatly 
encouraged  thereby.  Patrick  Henry  was  Governor  of  Virginia,  and  at 
once  entered  heartily  into  Clark's  plans.  The  same  plan  had  before  been 
agitated  in  the  Colonial  Assemblies,  but  there  was  no  one  until  Clark 
came  who  was  sufficiently  acquainted  with  the  condition  of  affairs  at  the 
scene  of  action  to  be  able  to  guide  them. 

Clark,  having  satisfied  the  Virginia  leaders  of  the  feasibility  of  his 
plan,  received,  on  the  2d  of  January,  two  sets  of  instructions — one  secret, 
the  other  open  —  the  latter  authorized  him  to  proceed  to  enlist  seven 
companies  to  go  to  Kentucky,  subject  to  his  orders,  and  to  serve  three 
months  from  their  arrival  in  the  West.  The  secret  order  authorized  him 
to  arm  these  troops,  to  procure  his  powder  and  lead  of  General  Hand 
at  Pittsburgh,  and  to  proceed  at  once  to  subjugate  the  country. 

With  these  instructions  Clark  repaired  to  Pittsburgh,  choosing  rather 
to  raise  his  men  west  of  the  mountains,  as  he  well  knew  all  were  needed 
in  the  colonies  in  the  conflict  there.     He  sent  Col.  W.  B.  Smith  to  Hoi- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  51 

ston  for  the  same  purpose,  but  neither  succeeded  in  raising  the  required 
number  of  men.  The  settlers  in  these  parts  were  afraid  to  leave  their 
own  firesides  exposed  to  a  vigilant  foe,  and  but  few  could  be  induced  to 
join  the  proposed  expedition.  With  three  companies  and  several  private 
volunteers,  Clark  at  length  commenced  his  descent  of  the  Ohio,  which  he 
navigated  as  far  as  the  Falls,  where  he  took  possession  of  and  fortified 
Corn  Island,  a  small  island  between  the  present  Cities  of  Louisville, 
Kentucky,  and  New  Albany,  Indiana.  Remains  of  this  fortification  may 
yet  be  found.  At  this  place  he  appointed  Col.  Bowman  to  meet  him 
with  such  recruits  as  had  reached  Kentucky  by  the  southern  route,  and 
as  many  as  could  be  spared  from  the  station.  Here  he  announced  to 
the  men  their  real  destination.  Having  completed  his  arrangements, 
and  chosen  his  party,  he  left  a  small  garrison  upon  the  island,  and  on  the 
2-J:th  of  June,  during  a  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  which  to  them  augured 
no  good,  and  which  fixes  beyond  dispute  the  date  of  starting,  he  with 
his  chosen  band,  fell  down  the  river.  His  plan  was  to  go  by  Avater  as 
far  as  Fort  Massac  or  Massacre,  and  thence  march  direct  to  Kaskaskia. 
Here  he  intended  to  surprise  the  garrison,  and  after  its  capture  go  to 
Cahokia,  then  to  Vincennes,  and  lastly  to  Detroit.  Should  he  fail,  he 
intended  to  march  directly  to  the  Mississippi  River  and  cross  it  into  the 
Spanish  country.  Before  his  start  he  received  two  good  items  of  infor- 
mation :  one  that  the  alliance  had  been  formed  between  France  and  the 
United  States ;  and  the  other  that  the  Indians  throughout  the  Illinois 
country  and  the  inhabitants,  at  the  various  frontier  posts,  had  been  led  to 
believe  by  the  British  that  the  "  Long  Knives"  or  Virginians,  were  the 
most  fierce,  bloodthirsty  and  cruel  savages  that  ever  scalped  a  foe.  With 
this  impression  on  their  minds,  Clark  saw  that  proper  management  would 
cause  them  to  submit  at  once  from  fear,  if  surprised,  and  then  from  grati- 
tude would  become  friendly  if  treated  with  unexpected  leniency. 

The  march  to  Kaskaskia  was  accomplished  through  a  hot  July  sun, 
and  the  town  reached  on  the  evening  of  July  4.  He  captured  the  fort 
near  the  village,  and  soon  after  the  village  itself  by  surprise,  and  without 
the  loss  of  a  single  man  or  by  killing  any  of  the  enemy.  After  sufficiently 
working  upon  the  fears  of  the  natives,  Clark  told  them  they  were  at  per- 
fect liberty  to  worship  as  they  pleased,  and  to  take  whichever  side  of  the 
great  conflict  they  would,  also  he  would  protect  them  from  any  barbarity 
from  British  or  Indian  foe.  This  had  the  desired  effect,  and  the  inhab- 
itants, so  unexpectedly  and  so  gratefully  surprised  by  the  unlocked 
for  turn  of  affairs,  at  once  swore  allegiance  to  the  American  arms,  and 
when  Clark  desired  to  go  to  Cahokia  on  the  6th  of  July,  they  accom- 
panied him,  and  through  their  influence  the  inhabitants  of  the  place 
surrendered,  and  gladly  placed  themselves  under  his  protection.     Thus 


62  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

the  two  important  posts  in  Illinois  passed  from  the  hands  of  the  English 
into  the  possession  of  Virginia. 

In  the  person  of  the  priest  at  Kaskaskia,  M.  Gibault,  Clark  found  a 
powerful  ally  and  generous  friend.  Clark  saw  that,  to  retain  possession 
of  the  Northwest  and  treat  successfully  with  the  Indians  within  its  boun- 
daries, he  must  establish  a  government  for  the  colonies  he  had  taken, 
St.  Vincent,  the  next  important  post  to  Detroit, remained  yet  to  be  taken 
before  the  Mississippi  Valley  was  conquered.  M.  Gibault  told  him  that 
he  would  alone,  by  persuasion,  lead  Vincennes  to  throw  off  its  connection 
with  England.  Clark  gladly  accepted  his  offer,  and  on  the  14th  of  July, 
in  company  with  a  fellow-townsman,  M.  Gibault  started  on  his  mission  of 
peace,  and  on  the  1st  of  August  returned  with  the  cheerful  intelligence 
that  the  post  on  the  "  Oubache  "  had  taken  the  oath  of  allegiance  to 
the  Old  Dominion.  During  this  interval,  Clark  established  his  courts, 
placed  garrisons  at  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  successfully  re-enlisted  his 
men,  sent  word  to  have  a  fort,  which  proved  the  germ  of  Louisville, 
erected  at  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  and  dispatched  Mr.  Rocheblave,  who 
had  been  commander  at  Kaskaskia,  as  a  prisoner  of  war  to  Richmond. 
In  October  the  County  of  Illinois  was  established  by  the  Legislature 
of  Virginia,  John  Todd  appointed  Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Civil  Governor, 
and  in  November  General  Clark  and  his  men  received  the  thanks  of 
the  Old  Dominion  through  their  Legislature. 

In  a  speech  a  few  days  afterward,  Clark  made  known  fully  to  the 
natives  his  plans,  and  at  its  close  all  came  forward  and  swore  alle- 
giance to  the  Long  Knives.  While  he  was  doing  this  Governor  Hamilton, 
having  made  his  various  arrangements,  had  left  Detroit  and  moved  down 
the  Wabash  to  Vincennes  intending  to  operate  from  that  point  in  reducing 
the  Illinois  posts,  and  then  proceed  on  down  to  Kentucky  and  drive  the 
rebels  from  the  West.  Gen.  Clark  had,  on  the  return  of  M.  Gibault, 
dispatched  Captain  Helm,  of  Fauquier  County,  Virginia,  with  an  attend- 
ant named  Henry,  across  the  Illinois  prairies  to  command  the  fort. 
Hamilton  knew  nothing  of  the  capitulation  of  the  post,  and  was  greatly 
surprised  on  his  arrival  to  be  confronted  by  Capt.  Helm,  who,  standing  at 
the  entrance  of  the  fort  by  a  loaded  cannon  ready  to  fire  upon  his  assail- 
ants, demanded  upon  what  terms  Hamilton  demanded  possession  of  the 
fort.  Being  granted  the  rights  of  a  prisoner  of  war,  he  surrendered  to 
the  British  General,  who  could  scarcely  believe  his  eyes  when  he  saw  the 
force  in  the  garrison. 

Hamilton,  not  realizing  the  character  of  the  men  with  whom  he  was 
contending,  gave  up  his  intended  campaign  for  the  Winter,  sent  his  four 
hundred  Indian  warriors  to  prevent  troops  from  coming  down  the  Ohio, 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  53 

and  to  annoy  the  Americans  in  oil  ways,  and  sat  quietly  down  to  pass  the 
Winter.  Information  of  all  these  proceedings  having  reached  Clark,  he 
saw  that  immediate  and  decisive  action  was  necessary,  and  that  unless 
he  captured  Hamilton,  Hamilton  would  capture  him.  Clark  received  the 
news  on  the  29th  of  January,  1779,  and  on  February  4tli,  having  suffi- 
ciently garrisoned  Kaskaskia  and  Cahokia,  he  sent  down  the  Mississippi 
a  "  battoe,"  as  Major  Bowman  writes  it,  in  order  to  ascend  the  Ohio  and 
Wabash,  and  operate  with  the  land  forces  gathering  for  the  fray. 

On  the  next  day,  Clark,  with  his  little  force  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty  men,  set  out  for  the  post,  and  after  incredible  hard  marching 
through  much  mud,  the  ground  being  thawed  by  the  incessant  spring 
rains,  on  the  22d  reached  the  fort,  and  being  joined  by  his  "  battoe,"  at 
once  commenced  the  attack  on  the  post.  The  aim  of  the  American  back- 
woodsman was  unerring,  and  on  the  24th  the  garrison  surrendered  to  the 
intrepid  boldness  of  Clark.  The  French  were  treated  with  great  kind- 
ness, and  gladly  renewed  their  allegiance  to  Virginia.  Hamilton  was 
sent  as  a  prisoner  to  Virginia,  where  he  was  kept  in  close  confinement. 
During  his  command  of  the  British  frontier  posts,  he  had  offered  prizes 
to  the  Indians  for  all  the  scalps  of  Americans  they  would  bring  to  him, 
and  had  earned  in  consequence  thereof  the  title  ''  Hair-buyer  General," 
by  which  he  was  ever  afterward  known. 

Detroit  was  now  without  doubt  within  easy  reach  of  the  enterprising 
Virginian,  could  he  but  raise  the  necessary  force.  Governor  Henry  being 
apprised  of  this,  promised  him  the  needed  reinforcement,  and  Clark  con- 
cluded to  wait  until  he  could  capture  and  sufficiently  garrison  the  posts. 
Had  Clark  failed  in  this  bold  undertaking,  and  Hamilton  succeeded  in 
uniting  the  western  Indians  for  the  next  Spring's  campaign,  the  West 
would  indeed  have  been  swept  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  Allegheny 
Mountains,  and  the  great  blow  struck,  which  had  been  contemplated  from 
the  commencement,  by  the  British. 

"  But  for  this  small  army  of  dripping,  but  fearless  Virginians,  the 
union  of  all  the  tribes  from  Georgia  to  Maine  against  the  colonies  might 
have  been  effected,  and  the  whole  current  of  our  history  changed." 

At  this  time  some  fears  were  entertained  by  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ments that  the  Indians  in  the  North  and  Northwest  were  inclining  to  the 
British,  and  under  the  instructions  of  Washington,  now  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Colonial  army,  and  so  bravely  fighting  for  American  inde- 
pendence, armed  forces  were  sent  against  the  Six  Nations,  and  upon  the 
Ohio  frontier.  Col.  Bowman,  acting  under  the  same  general's  orders, 
marched  against  Indians  within  the  present  limits  of  that  State.  These 
expeditions  were  in  the  main  successful,  and  the  Indians  were  compelled 
to  sue  for  peace. 


6i  THE   XOETHWEST    TERKITOEY. 

During  this  same  rear  (1779)  the  famous  "  Land  Laws"  of  Virginia 
were  passed.  The  passage  of  these  laws  was  of  more  consequence  to  the 
pioneers  of  Kentucky  and  the  Northwest  than  the  gaining  of  a  few  Indian 
conflicts.  These  laws  confirmed  in  main  all  grants  made,  and  guaranteed 
to  all  actual  settlers  their  rights  and  privileges.  After  providing  for  the 
settlers,  the  laws  provided  for  selling  the  balance  of  the  pubHc  lands  at 
forty  cents  per  acre.  To  carry  the  Land  Laws  into  effect,  the  Legislature 
sent  four  Virsrinians  westward  to  attend  to  the  various  claims,  over  manv 
of  which  great  confusion  prevailed  concerning  their  validity.  These 
gentlemen  opened  their  court  on  October  18.  1779,  at  St.  Asaphs,  and 
continued  until  April  26.  17S0.  when  they  adjourned,  haAring  decided 
three  thousand  claims.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  surveyor,  who 
came  in  the  person  of  Mr.  George  May.  and  assumed  his  duties  on  the 
lOrh  day  of  the  month  whose  name  he  bore.  With  the  opening  of  the 
next  year  (1780)  the  troubles  concerning  the  navigation  of  the  Missis- 
sippi commenced.  The  Spanish  Government  exacted  such  measures  in 
relation  to  its  trade  as  to  cause  the  overtures  made  to  the  United  States 
to  be  rejected.  The  American  Government  considered  thev  had  a  right 
to  navigate  its  channel.  To  enforce  their  claims,  a  fort  was  erected  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  river.  The  settle- 
ments in  Kentucky  were  being  rapidly  filled  by  emigrants.  It  was  dur- 
ing this  year  that  the  first  seminary  of  learning  was  established  in  the 
West  in  this  young  and  enterpiising  Commonwealth. 

The  settlers  here  did  not  look  upon  the  building  of  this  fort  in  a 
friendly  manner,  as  it  aroused  the  hostility  of  the  Indians.  Spain  had 
been  friendly  to  the  Colonies  during  their  struggle  for  independence, 
and  though  for  a  while  this  friendship  appeared  in  danger  from  the 
refusal  of  the  free  navigation  of  the  river,  yet  it  was  finally  settled  to  the 
satisfaction  of  both  nations. 

The  Winter  of  1779-80  was  one  of  the  most  unusually  severe  ones 
ever  experienced  in  the  West.  The  Indians  always  referred  to  it  as  the 
"Great  Cold."'  Numbers  of  wild  animals  perished,  and  not  a  few 
pioneers  lost  their  lives.  The  following  Summer  a  j)arty  of  Canadians 
and  Indians  attacked  St.  Louis,  and  attempted  to  take  possession  of  it 
in  consequence  of  the  friendly  disposition  of  Spain  to  the  revolting 
colonies.  They  met  with  such  a  determined  resistance  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants,  even  the  women  taking  part  in  the  battle,  that  they  were 
compelled  to  abandon  the  contest.  They  also  made  an  attack  on  the 
settlements  in  Kentucky,  but,  becoming  alarmed  in  some  unaccountable 
manner,  they  fled  the  country  in  great  haste. 

About  this  time  arose  the  question  in  the  Colonial  Congress  con- 
cerning the  western  lands  claimed  by  Virginia,  New  York,  Massachusetts 


THE  'SiMClMWEST  TEESOOBK. 

and  Conneefieiit.  The  a^iitalioii  ewirw  HJiig  tliB  stAsedb  Samify  led  Sc 
Toik,  on  the  19di  of  Fdnnny,  1780,  to  pens  s  lav  giving:  Id  Hht 
gates  ci  tibat  Slate  in  Coi^ie»  tiie  power  to  eede  ber  wcifeem  lands  fiv 
the  benefit  of  the  United  Slates.  Tlds  law  was  laid  befiore  Coi^RaB 
dmiiig:  the  next  montli,  bat  no  steps  wexe  taken  eoncendng  it  nntil  S^- 
temba  fiHi,  wben  a  leadntion  passed  Ihat  bo^calliag:  i^on  tdie  Slates 
daindng  westein  lands  to  release  tbeir  daian  in  fii^vor  of  tlie  whole  bodj. 
This  baas  fomied  the  nnian,andwas  tbefixstaflberadloCtbaBe  legiftljlive 
measmes  whi^  resolted  in  file  ezeation  of  tiie  Slates  of  OUo,In£anae 
TnifwiJR,  "Micbigan,  Wiamn^  amd  IRitngsBnia-  Li  Deeenber  of  Ae  ~:>.nT 
Tear,  the  plan  of  emqacnn^  Deizait  aiZi'-  Tbe  eonqnesl:  r 

hare  easibr  beoi  effie^ed  br  Claik  had  - 1  ^^  -sid  been  fmn 

him.     Nodm^  deeiare  was  dme,  jet  tl  t  jowrtmnent  /      ~ 

that  the  safetr  of  tbe  Xurtbwest  &?>!!!•  ^  ''  ~  in  Ae  Cii      . 

and  letenticm  of  tliat  impoftant  i-it:.  i_       _     _r2ed  one  l_  : z 

leiiiloi  w 

•»T  -  ~-  _  

rjiSrS    t\t        \ -  -^--  -_--  ,T___T-  -■-         .  -         _  _ 

7  _.-    -    :_-   -^  jris  also  note    —  v  - 

A:  1     --"    :^     -     -T      T-  r^edAmot-  - 

'- ■■:---->_   -1^   :-;•-•-■:    '-"-     •  2d 

dav  : :        _  :     ^.  ii  ::^1      -   -  ^  •  "    " 


«-.-   ^-^-^-T.,,    .  - '.  "'!i  the  str: -  .-.„■..:_    .  _ 

conseqiE"r~   -  "  :       :  little  h^c  .    \*    .  - 

Fpontt  ^"S^-  -^efiisi      -  _ 

AwiPTtft  _  j=^thaftof>!^        ::  : 

of  tbe  wide^^   .  i?5i«5eirr.    "^      - 

liKJiaiMy  son  .     -  :       :  bv  l4te  i 

frontier  serdeis.  "^  ~  the  mnrd^ : 

their  ne..  -«tTai  regant  to  hn^ttrLinnr, 

a  deed  ^  ^>e  npon  thor  Bves. 

For  thi^  iiuc-  p«2€  ui  uiie  whites^  ihe  TiMJMMfl^ 

etHnmit:  hieh  darfcen  the  Teaacs  of  1771  and 

17T2  in 

Dr.  "    _  -     -  '     "  r  '"'  -  Indian^  amd 


56 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


frontier  outlaw,  Simon  Girty,  whose  name,  as  well  as  those  of  his  brothers, 
was  a  terror  to  women  and  children.  These  occurred  chiefly  in  the  Ohio 
valleys.  Cotemporary  with  them  were  several  engagements  in  Kentucky, 
in  which  the  famous  Daniel  Boone  engaged,  and  who,  often  by  his  skill 
and  knowledge  of  Indian  warfare,  saved  the  outposts  from  cruel  destruc- 


INDIAXS    ATTACKIXG    FliOXTlEKSMEN. 


tion.  By  the  close  of  the  year  victory  had  perched  upon  the  American 
banner,  and  on  the  30th  of  November,  provisional  articles  of  peace  had 
been  arranged  between  the  Commissioners  of  England  and  her  uncon- 
querable colonies.  Cornwallis  had  been  defeated  on  the  19th  of  October 
preceding,  and  the  liherty  of  America  was  assured.  On  the  19th  of 
April   following,  the  anniversary  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  peace  was 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  57 

proclaimed  to  the  army  of  the  United  States,  and  on  the  3d  of  the  next 
September,  the  definite  treaty  which  ended  our  revolutionary  struggle 
was  concluded.  By  the  terms  of  that  treaty,  the  boundaries  of  the  West 
were  as  follows :  On  the  north  the  line  was  to  extend  along  the  center  of 
the  Great  Lakes ;  from  the  western  point  of  Lake  Superior  to  Long  Lake  ; 
thence  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods ;  thence  to  the  head  of  the  Mississippi 
River;  down  its  center  to  the  31st  parallel  of  latitude,  then  on  that  line 
east  to  the  head  of  the  Appalachicola  River;  down  its  center  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Flint  ;  thence  straight  to  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
thence  down  along  its  center  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Following  the  cessation  of  hostilities  with  England,  several  posts 
'■  were  still  occupied  by  the  British  in  the  North  and  West.  Among  these 
was  Detroit,  still  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  Numerous  engagements 
with  the  Indians  throughout  Ohio  and  Indiana  occurred,  upon  whose 
lands  adventurous  whites  would  settle  ere  the  title  had  been  acquired  by 
the  proper  treaty. 

To  remedy  this  latter  evil.  Congress  appointed  commissioners  to 
treat  with  the  natives  and  purchase  their  lands,  and  prohibited  the  set- 
tlement of  the  territory  until  this  could  be  done.  Before  the  close  of  the 
year  another  attempt  was  made  to  capture  Detroit,  which  was,  however, 
not  pushed,  and  Virginia,  no  longer  feeling  the  interest  in  the  Northwest 
she  had  formerly  done,  withdrew  her  troops,  having  on  the  20th  of 
December  preceding  authorized  the  whole  of  her  possessions  to  be  deeded 
to  the  United  States.  This  was  done  on  the  1st  of  March  following,  and 
the  Northwest  Territory  passed  from  the  control  of  the  Old  Dominion. 
To  Gen.  Clark  and  his  soldiers,  however,  she  gave  a  tract  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  acres  of  land,  to  be  situated  any  where  north  of  the 
Ohio  wherever  they  chose  to  locate  them.  They  selected  the  region 
opposite  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  where  is  now  the  dilapidated  village  of 
Clarksville,  about  midway  between  the  Cities  of  New  Albany  and  Jeffer- 
son ville,  Indiana. 

While  the  frontier  remained  thus,  and  Gen.  Haldimand  at  Detroit 
refused  to  evacuate  alleging  that  he  had  no  orders  from  his  King  to  do 
so^  settlers  were  rapidly  gathering  about  the  inland  forts.  In  the  Spring 
of  1784,  Pittsburgh  was  regularly  laid  out,  and  from  the  journal  of  Arthur 
Lee,  who  passed  through  the  town  soon  after  on  his  way  to  the  Indian 
council  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  we  suppose  it  was  not  very  prepossessing  in 
appearance.     He  says  : 

"  Pittsburgh  is  inhabited  almost  entirely  by  Scots  and  Irish,  who 
live  in  paltry  log  houses,  and  are  as  dirty  as  if  in  the  north  of  Ireland  or 
even  Scotland.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  trade  carried  on,  the  goods  being 
bought  at  the  vast  expense  of  forty-five  shillings  per  pound  from  Phila- 


58 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


delphia  and  Baltimore.  They  take  in  the  shops  flour,  wheat,  skins  and 
money.  There  are  in  the  town  four  attorneys,  two  doctors,  and  not  a 
priest  of  any  persuasion,  nor  church  nor  chapel." 

Kentucky  at  this  time  contained  thirty  thousand  inhabitants,  and 
was  beginning  to  discuss  measures  for  a  separation  from  Virginia.  A 
land  office  was  opened  at  Louisville,  and  measures  were  adopted  to  take 
defensive  precaution  against  the  Indians  who  were  yet,  in  some  instances, 
incited  to  deeds  of  violence  by  the  British.  Before  the  close  of  this  year, 
1784,  the  military  claimants  of  land  began  to  occupy  them,  although  no 
entries  were  recorded  until  1787. 

The  Indian  title  to  the  Northwest  was  not  yet  extinguished.  They 
held  large  tracts  of  lands,  and  in  order  to  prevent  bloodshed  Congress 
adopted  means  for  treaties  with  the  original  owners  and  provided  for  the 
surveys  of  the  lands  gained  thereby,  as  well  as  for  those  north  of  the 
Ohio,  now  in  its  possession.  On  January  31,  1786,  a  treaty  was  made 
with  the  Wabash  Indians.  The  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  had  been  made 
in  1784.  That  at  Fort  Mcintosh  in  1785,  and  through  these  much  land 
was  gained.  The  Wabasti  Indians,  however,  afterward  refused  to  comply 
with  the  provisions  of  the  treaty  made  with  them,  and  in  order  to  compel 
their  adherence  to  its  provisions,  force  was  used.  Daring  the  year  1786, 
the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  came  up  in  Congress,  and  caused 
various  discussions,  which  resulted  in  no  definite  action,  only  serving  to 
excite  speculation  in  regard  to  the  western  lands.  Congress  had  promised 
bounties  of  land  to  the  soldiers  of  the  Revolution,  but  owing  to  the 
unsettled  condition  of  affairs  along  the  Mississippi  respecting  its  naviga- 
tion, and  the  trade  of  the  Northwest,  that  body  had,  in  1783,  declared 
its  inability  to  fulfill  these  promises  until  a  treaty  could  be  concluded 
between  the  two  Governments.  Before  the  close  of  the  year  1786,  how- 
ever, it  was  able,  through  the  treaties  with  the  Indians,  to  allow  some 
grants  and  the  settlement  thereon,  and  on  the  14th  of  September  Con- 
necticut ceded  to  the  General  Government  the  tract  of  land  known  as 
the  "  Connecticut  Reserve,"  and  before  the  close  of  the  following  year  a 
large  tract  of  land  north  of  the  Ohio  was  sold  to  a  company,  who  at  once 
took  measures  to  settle  it.  By  the  provisions  of  this  grant,  the  companjr 
were  to  pay  the  United  States  one  dollar  per  acre,  subject  to  a  deduction 
of  one-third  for  bad  lands  and  other  contingencies.  They  received 
750,000  acres,  bounded  on  the  south  by  the  Ohio,  on  the  east  by  the 
seventh  range  of  townships,  on  the  west  by  the  sixteenth  rajige,  and  on 
the  north  by  a  line  so  drawn  as  to  make  the  grant  complete  without 
the  reservations.  In  addition  to  this.  Congress  afterward  granted  100,000 
acres  to  actual  settlers,  and  214,285  acres  as  army  bounties  under  the 
resolutions  of  1789  and  1790. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


69' 


While  Dr.  Cutler,  one  of  the  agents  of  the  company,  was  pressing 
its  claims  before  Congress,  that  body  was  bringing  into  form  an  ordinance 
for  the  political  and  social  organization  of  this  Territory.  When  the 
cession  was  made  by  Virginia,  in  1784,  a  plan  was  offered,  but  rejected. 
A  motion  had  been  made  to  strike  from  the  proposed  plan  the  prohibition 
of  slavery,  which  prevailed.  The  plan  was  then  discussed  and  altered, 
and  finally  passed  unanimously,  with  the  exception  of  South  Carolina. 
By  this  proposition,  the  Territory  was  to  have  been  .divided  into  states 


A    PRAIRIE    STORM. 


by  parallels  and  meridian  lines.  This,  it  was  thought,  would  make  ten 
states,  which  were  to  have  been  named  as  follows  —  beginning  at  the 
northwest  corner  and  going  southwardly :  Sylvania,  Michigania,  Cher- 
sonesus,  Assenisipia,  Metropotamia,  Illenoia,  Saratoga,  Washington,  Poly- 
potamia  and  Pelisipia. 

There  was  a  more  serious  objection  to  this  plan  than  its  category  of 
names,— the  boundaries.  The  root  of  the  difficulty  was  in  the  resolu- 
tion of  Congress  passed  in  October,  1780,  which  fixed  the  boundaries 
of  the  ceded  lands  to  be  from  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 


^0  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

square.  These  resolutions  being  presented  to  the  Legislatures  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Massachusetts,  they  desired  a  change,  and  in  July,  1786,  the 
subject  was  taken  up  in  Congress,  and  changed  to  favor  a  division  into 
not  more  than  five  states,  and  not  less  than  three.  This  was  approved  by 
the  State  Legislature  of  Virginia.  The  subject  of  the  Government  was 
again  taken  up  by  Congress  in  1786,  and  discussed  throughout  that  year 
and  until  July,  1787,  when  the  famous  "Compact  of  1787"  was  passed, 
and  the  foundation  of  the  government  of  the  Northwest  laid.  This  com- 
pact is  fully  discussed  and  explained  in  the  history  of  Illinois  in  this  book, 
and  to  it  the  reader  is  referred. 

The  passage  of  this  act  and  the  grant  to  the  New  England  Company 
was  soon  followed  by  an  application  to  the  Government  by  John  Cleves 
Symmes,  of  New  Jersey,  for  a  grant  of  the  land  between  the  Miamis. 
This  gentleman  had  visited  these  lands  soon  after  the  treaty  of  1786,  and, 
being  greatly  pleased  with  them,  offered  similar  terms  to  those  given  to  the 
New  England  Company.  The  petition  was  referred  to  the  Treasury 
Board  with  power  to  act,  and  a  contract  was  concluded  the  following 
year.  During  the  Autumn  the  directors  of  the  New  England  Company 
were  preparing  to  occupy  their  grant  the  following  Spring,  and  upon  the 
23d  of  November  made  arrangements  for  a  party  of  forty-seven  men, 
under  the  superintendency  of  Gen.  Rufus  Putnam,  to  set  forward.  .  Six 
boat-builders  were  to  leave  at  once,  and  on  the  first  of  January  the  sur- 
veyors and  their  assistants,  twenty-six  in  number,  were  to  meet  at  Hart- 
ford and  proceed  on  their  journey  westward  ;  the  remainder  to  follow  as 
soon  as  possible.  Congress,  in  the  meantime,  upon  the  8d  of  October, 
had  ordered  seven  hundred  troops  for  defense  of  the  western  settlers,  and 
to  prevent  unauthorized  intrusions  ;  and  two  days  later  appointed  Arthur 
St.  Clair  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  the  Northwest. 

'AMERICAN  SETTLEMENTS. 

The  civil  organization  of  the  Northwest  Territory  was  now  com- 
plete, and  notwithstanding  the  uncertainty  of  Indian  affairs,  settlers  from 
the  East  began  to  come  into  the  country  rapidly.  The  New  England 
Company  sent  their  men  during  the  Winter  of  1787-8  pressing  on  over 
the  Alleghenies  by  the  old  Indian  path  which  had  been  opened  into 
Braddock's  road,  and  which  has  since  been  made  a  national  turnpike 
from  Cumberland  westward.  Through  the  weary  winter  days  they  toiled 
on,  and  by  April  were  all  gathered  on  the  Yohiogany,  where  boats  had 
been  built,  and  at  once  started  for  the  Muskingum.  Here  they  arrived 
on  the  7th  of  that  month,  and  unless  the  Moravian  missionaries  be  regarded 
as  the  pioneers  of  Ohio,  this  little  band  can  justly  claim  that  honor. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


61 


Gen.  St.  Clair,  the  appointed  Governor  of  the  Northwsst,  not  having 
yet  arrived,  a  set  of  Laws  were  passed,  written  out,  and  published  by 
being  nailed  to  a  tree  in  the  embryo  town,  and  Jonathan  Meigs  appointed 
to  administer  them. 

Washington  in  writing  of  this,  the  first  American  settlement  in  the 
Northwest,  said :  "  No  colony  in  America  was  ever  settled  under 
such  favorable  auspices  as  that  which  has  just  commenced  at  Muskingum. 
Information,  property  and  strength  will  be  its  characteristics.  I  know 
many  of  its  settlers  personally,  and  there  never  were  men  better  calcu- 
lated to  promote  the  welfare  of  such  a  community." 


^^^^mmmw^^^^P^ 


A    PIONEER    DAVELLING. 


On  the  2d  of  July  a  meeting  of  the  directors  and  agents  was  held 
on  the  banks  of  the  Muskingum,  "  for  the  purpose  of  naming  the  new- 
born city  and  its  squares."  As  yet  the  settlement  was  known  as  the 
''Muskingum,"  but  that  was  now  changed  to  the  name  Marietta,  in  honor 
of  Marie  Antoinette.  The  square  upon  which  the  block -houses  stood 
was  called  ^'Campus  Martins ;""  square  number  19,  "■  Capitolium ;""  square 
number  61,  '■'■  Cecilia  T  and  the  great  road  through  the  covert  way,  "  Sacra 
Via.'"  Two  days  after,  an  oration  was  delivered  by  James  M.  Varnum, 
who  with  S.  H.  Parsons  and  John  Armstrong  had  been  appointed  to  the 
judicial  bench  of  the  territory  on  the  16th  of  October,  1787.  On  July  9, 
Gov.  St.  Clair  arrived,  and  the  colony  began  to  assume  form.  The  act 
of  1787  provided  two  district  grades  of  government  for  the  Northwest, 


62  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

under  the  first  of  which  the  whole  power  was  invested  in  the  hands  of  a 
governor  and  three  district  judges.  This  was  immediately  formed  upon 
the  Governor's  arrival,  and  the  first  laws  of  the  colony  passed  on  the  2oth 
of  July.  These  provided  for  the  organization  of  the  militia,  and  on  the 
next  day  appeared  the  Governor's  proclamation,  erecting  all  that  country 
that  had  been  ceded  by  the  Indians  east  of  the  Scioto  River  into  the 
County  of  Washington.  From  that  time  forward,  notwithstanding  the 
doubts  yet  existing  as  to  the  Indians,  all  Marietta  prospered,  and  on  the 
2d  of  September  the  first  court  of  the  territory  was  held  with  imposing 
ceremonies. 

The  emigration  westward  at  this  time  was  very  great.  The  com- 
mander at  Fort  Harmer,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum,  reported  four 
thousand  five  hundred  persons  as  having  passed  that  post  between  Feb- 
ruary and  June,  1788  —  many  of  whom  would  have  purchased  of  the 
"Associates,"  as  the  New  England  Company  was  called,  had  they  been 
ready  to  receive  them. 

On  the  26th  of  November,  1787,  Symmes  issued  a  pamphlet  stating 
the  terms  of  his  contract  and  the  plan  of  sale  he  intended  to  adopt.  In 
January,  1788,  Matthias  Denman,  of  New  Jersey,  took  an  active  interest 
in  Symmes'  purchase,  and  located  among  other  tracts  the  sections  upon 
which  Cincinnati  has  been  built.  Retaining  one-third  of  this  locality,  he 
sold  the  other  two-thirds  to  Robert  Patterson  and  John  Filson,  and  the 
three,  about  August,  commenced  to  lay  out  a  town  on  the  spot,  which 
was  designated  as  being  opposite  Licking  River,  to  the  mouth  of  which 
they  proposed  to  have  a  road  cut  from  Lexington.  The  naming  of  the 
town  is  thus  narrated  in  the  "Western  Annals  "'  : — "  Mr.  Filson,  who  had 
been  a  schoolmaster,  was  appointed  to  name  the  town,  and,  in  respect  to 
its  situation,  and  as  if  with  a  prophetic  perception  of  the  mixed  race  that 
were  to  inhabit  it  in  after  days,  he  named  it  Losantiville,  which,  being 
interpreted,  means  :  ville^  the  town  ;  anti^  against  or  opposite  to  ;  os,  the 
mouth  :  L.  of  Licking.'' 

Meanwhile,  in  July,  Symmes  got  thirty  persons  and  eight  four-horse 
teams  under  way  for  the  West.  These  reached  Limestone  (now  Mays- 
ville)  in  September,  where  were  several  persons  from  Redstone.  Here 
Mr.  Symmes  tried  to  found  a  settlement,  but  the  great  freshet  of  1789 
caused  the  "  Point,"  as  it  was  and  is  yet  called,  to  be  fifteen  feet  under 
water,  and  the  settlement  to  be  abandoned.  The  little  band  of  settlers 
removed  to  the  mouth  of  the  Miami.  Before  Symmes  and  his  colony  left 
the  "  Point,"  two  settlements  had  been  made  on  his  purchase.  The  first 
was  by  Mr.  Stiltes,  the  original  projector  of  the  whole  plan,  who,  with  a 
colony  of  Redstone  people,  had  located  at  the  mouth  of  the  Miami, 
whither   Symmes  went  with  his  Maysville  colony.     Here  a  clearing  had 


THE   NORTHWEST   TEREITOBY. 


63 


been  made  by  the  Indians  owing  to  the  great  fertility  of  the  soil.  Mr. 
Stiltes  with  his  colony  came  to  this  place  on  the  18th  of  Xoyember,  1788, 
with  twenty-six  persons,  and,  building  a  block-house,  prepared  to  remain 
through  the  Winter.  They  named  the  settlement  Columbia.  Here  they 
were  kindly  treated  by  the  Indians,  but  suffered  greatly  from  the  flood 
of  1789. 

On  the  4th  of  March,  1789,  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
went  into  operation,  and  on  April  30,  George  Washington  was  inaug- 
urated President  of  the  American  people,  and  during  the  next  Summer, 
an  Indian  war  was  commenced  by  the  tribes  north  of  the  Ohio.  The 
President  at  first  used  pacific  means ;  but  these  failing,  he  sent  General 
Harmer  against  the  hostile  tribes.     He  destroyed  several  \illages,  but 


BREAKING    PEAIKLE. 


was  defeated  in  two  battles,  near  the  present  City  of  Fort  Wayne, 
Indiana.  From  this  time  till  the  close  of  179-5.  the  principal  events  were 
the  wars  with  the  various  Indian  tribes.  In  1796.  General  St.  Clair 
was  appointed  in  command,  and  marched  against  the  Indians  :  but  while 
he  was  encamped  on  a  stream,  the  St.  :Mary,  a  branch  of  the  Maumee, 
he  was  attacked  and  defeated  with  the  loss  of  six  hundred  men. 

General  Wavne  was  now  sent  against  the  savages.  In  August,  1794, 
he  met  them  near  the  rapids  of  the  Maumee,  and  gained  a  complete 
victory.  This  success,  followed  bv  vigorous  measures,  compelled  the 
Indians  to  sue  for  peace,  and  on  the  30th  of  July,  the  following  year,  the 
treaty  of  Greenville  was  signed  by  the  principal  chiefs,  by  which  a  lar^re 
tract  of  country  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Before  proceeding  in  our  narrative,  we  will  pause  to  notice  Fort 
Washington,  erected  in  the  early  part  of  this  war  on  the  site  of  Cincinnati. 
Nearly   aU   of  the   great   cities  of   the  Northwest,  and  indeed  of   the 


64  THE  NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

whole  country,  have  had  their  nuclei  in  those  rude  pioneer  structures* 
known  as  forts  or  stockades.  Thus  Forts  Dearborn,  Washington,  Pon- 
chartrain,  mark  the  original  sites  of  the  now  proud  Cities  of  Chicago, 
Cincinnati  and  Detroit.  So  of  most  of  the  flourishing  cities  east  and  west 
of  the  Mississippi.  Fort  Washington,  erected  by  Doughty  in  1790,  was  a 
rude  but  highly  interesting  structure.  It  was  composed  of  a  number  of 
strongly-built  hewed  log  cabins.  Those  designed  for  soldiers'  barracks 
were  a  story  and  a  half  high,  while  those  composing  the  officers  quarters 
were  more  imposing  and  more  conveniently  arranged  and  furnished. 
The  whole  were  so  plaj3ed  as  to  form  a  hollow  square,  enclosing  about  an 
acre  of  ground,  with  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  four  angles. 

The  logs  for  the  construction  of  this  fort  were  cut  from  the  ground 
upon  which  it  was  erected.  It  stood  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets 
of  the  present  city  (Cincinnati)  extending  east  of  Eastern  Row,  now 
Broadway,  which  was  then  a  narrow  alley,  and  the  eastern  boundary  of 
of  the  town  as  it  was  originally  laid  out.  On  the  bank  of  the  river, 
immediately  in  front  of  the  fort,  was  an  appendage  of  the  fort,  called  the 
Artificer's  Yard.  It  contained  about  two  acres  of  ground,  enclosed  by 
small  contiguous  buildings,  occupied  by  workshops  and  quarters  of 
laborers.  Within  this  enclosure  there  was  a  large  two-story  frame  house, 
familiarly  called  the  "  Yellow  House,"  built  for  the  accommodation  of 
the  Quartermaster  General.  For  many  years  this  was  the  best  finished 
and  most  commodious  edifice  in  the  Queen  City.  Fort  Washington  was 
for  some  time  the  headquarters  of  both  the  civil  and  military  governments 
of  the  Northwestern  Territory. 

Following  the  consummation  of  the  treaty  various  gigantic  land  spec- 
ulations were  entered  into  by  different  persons,  who  hoped  to  obtain 
from  the  Indians  in  Michigan  and  northern  Indiana,  large  tracts  of  lands. 
These  were  generally  discovered  in  time  to  prevent  the  outrageous 
schemes  from  being  carried  out,  and  from  involving  the  settlers  in  war. 
On  October  27,  1795,  the  treaty  between  the  United  States  and  Spain 
was  signed,  whereby  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi  was  secured. 

No  sooner  had  the  treat}^  of  1795  been  ratified  than  settlements  began 
to  pour  rapidly  into  the  West.  The  great  event  of  the  year  1796  was  the 
occupation  of  that  part  of  the  Northwest  including  Michigan,  which  was 
this  year,  under  the  provisions  of  the  treaty,  evacuated  by  the  British 
forces.  The  United  States,  owing  to  certain  conditions,  did  not  feel 
justified  in  addressing  the  authorities  in  Canada  in  relation  to  Detroit 
and  other  frontier  posts.  When  at  last  the  British  authorities  were 
called  to  give  them  up,  they  at  once  complied,  and  General  Wayne,  who 
had  done  so  much  to  preserve  the  frontier  settlements,  and  who,  before 
the    year's    close,  sickened    and  died  near  Erie,  transferred  his  head- 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  65 

quarters  to  the  neighborhood  of  the  lakes,  where  a  county  named  after 
him  was  formed,  which  included  the  northwest  of  Ohio,  all  of  Michigan, 
and  the  northeast  of  Indiana.  During  this  same  year  settlements  were 
formed  at  the  present  City  of  Chillicothe,  along  the  Miami  from  Middle- 
town  to  Piqua,  while  in  the  more  distant  West,  settlers  and  speculators 
began  to  appear  in  great  numbers.  In  September,  the  City  of  Cleveland 
was  laid  out,  and  during  the  Summer  and  Autumn,  Samuel  Jackson  and 
Jonathan  Sharpless  erected  the  first  manufactory  of  paper — the  "  Red- 
stone Paper  Mill" — in  the  West.  St.  Louis  contained  some  seventy 
houses,  and  Detroit  over  three  hundred,  and  along  the  river,  contiguous 
to  it,  were  more  than  three  thousand  inhabitants,  mostly  French  Canadians, 
Indians  and  half-breeds,  scarcely  any  Americans  venturing  yet  into  that 
part  of  the  Northwest.  > 

The  election  of  representatives  for  the  territory  had  taken  place, 
and  on  the  4th  of  Februar}^  1799,  they  convened  at  Losantiville  —  now 
known  as  Cincinnati,  having  been  named  so  by  Gov.  St.  Clair,  and 
considered  the  capital  of  the  Territory — to  nominate  persons  from  whom 
the  members  of  the  Legislature  were  to  be  chosen  in  accordance  with 
a  previous  ordinance.  This  nomination  being  made,  the  Assembly 
adjourned  until  the  16th  of  the  following  September.  From  tl^ose  named 
the  President  selected  as  members  of  the  council,  Henry  Vandenburg, 
of  Vincennes,  Robert  Oliver,  of  Marietta,  James  Findlay  and  Jacob 
Burnett,  of  Cincinnati,  and  David  Vance,  of  Vanceville.  On  the  16th 
of  September  the  Territorial  Legislature  met,  and  on  the  21:th  the  two 
houses  were  duly  organized,  Henry  Vandenburg  being  elected  President 
of  the  Council. 

The  message  of  Gov.  St.  Clair  was  addressed  to  the  Legislature 
September  20th,  and  on  October  13th  that  body  elected  as  a  delegate  to 
Congress  Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  who  received  eleven  of  the  votes 
cast,  being  a  majority  of  one  over  his  opponent,  Arthur  St.  Clair,  son  of 
Gen.  St.  Clair. 

The  whole  number  of  acts  passed  at  this  session,  and  approved  by 
the  Governor,  were  thirty-seven — eleven  others  were  passed,  but  received 
his  veto.  The  most  important  of  those  passed  related  to  the  militia,  to 
the  administration,  and  to  taxation.  On  the  19th  of  December  this  pro- 
tracted session  of  the  first  Legislature  in  the  West  was  closed,  and  on  the 
30th  of  December  the  President  nominated  Charles  Willing  Brj'd  to  the 
office  of  Secretary  of  the  Territory  vice  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  elected  to 
Congress.     The  Senate  confirmed  his  nomination  the  next  day. 


^6  THE   NOKTHWEST    TERRITORY. 

I 

DIVISION   OF   THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

The  increased  emigration  to  the  Northwest,  the  extent  of  the  domain, 
and  the  inconvenient  modes  of  travel,  made  it  very  difficult  to  conduct 
the  ordinary  operations  of  government,  and  rendered  the  efficient  action 
of  courts  almost  impossible.  To  remedy  this,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
divide  the  territory  for  civil  purposes.  Congress,  in  1800,  appointed  a 
committee  to  examine  the  question  and  report  some  means  for  its  solution. 
This  committee,  on  the  3d  of  March,  reported  that : 

"In  the  three  western  countries  there  has  been  but  one  court  having 
cognizance  of  crimes,  in  five  years,  and  the  immunity  which  offenders 
experience  attracts,  as  to  an  asylum,  the  most  vile  and  abandoned  crim- 
inals, and  at  the  same  time  deters  useful  citizens  from  making  settlements 
in  such  society.  The  extreme  necessity  of  judiciary  attention  and  assist- 
ance is  experienced  in  civil  as  well  as  in  criminal  cases.  *  *  *  *  To 
minister  a  remedy  to  these  and  other  evils,  it  occurs  to  this  committee 
that  it  is  expedient  that  a  division  of  said  territory  into  two  distinct  and 
separate  governments  should  be  made  ;  and  that  such  division  be  made 
by  a  line  beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  running 
directly  north  until  it  intersects  the  boundary  between  the  United  States 
and  Canada." 

The  report  was  accepted  by  Congress,  and,  in  accordance  with  its 
suggestions,  that  body  passed  an  Act  extinguishing  the  Northwest  Terri- 
tory, which  Act  was  approved  May  7.     Among  its  provisions  were  these  : 

"  That  from  and  after  July  4  next,  all  that  part  of  the  Territory  of 
the  United  States  northwest  of  the  Ohio  River,  which  lies  to  the  westward 
of  a  line  beginning  at  a  point  on  the  Ohio,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Kentucky  River,  and  running  thence  to  Fort  Recovery,  and  thence  north 
until  it  shall  intersect  the  territorial  line  between  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  shall,  for  the  purpose  of  temporary  government,  constitute  a 
separate  territory,  and  be  called  the  Indiana  Territory." 

After  providing  for  the  exercise  of  the  civil  and  criminal  powers  of 
the  territories,  and  other  provisions,  the  Act  further  provides : 

"  That  until  it  shall  otherwise  be  ordered  by  the  Legislatures  of  the 
said  Territories,  respectively,  Chillicothe  on  the  Scioto  River  shall  be  the 
seat  of  government  of  the  Territory  of  the  United  States  northwest  of  the 
Ohio  River ;  and  that  St.  Vincennes  on  the  Wabash  River  shall  be  the 
seat  of  government  for  the  Indiana  Territory." 

Gen.  Wm.  Henry  Harrison  was  appointed  Governor  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  about  a  year  later.  Connecticut 
also  about  this  time  released  her  claims  to  the  reserve,  and  in  March  a  law 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  67 

was  passed  accepting  this  cession.  Settlements  had  been  made  upon 
thirty-five  of  the  townships  in  the  reserve,  mills  had  been  built,  and  seven 
hundred  miles  of  road  cut  in  various  directions.  On  the  3d  of  November 
the  General  Assembly  met  at  Chillicothe.  Near  the  close  of  the  year, 
the  first  missionary  of  the  Connecticut  Reserve  came,  who  found  no 
township  containing  more  than  eleven  families.  It  was  upon  the  first  of 
October  that  the  secret  treaty  had  been  made  between  Napoleon  and  the 
King  of  Spain,  whereby  the  latter  agreed  to  cede  to  France  the  province 
of  Louisiana. 

In  January,  1802,  the  Assembly  of  the  Northwestern  Territory  char- 
tered the  college  at  Athens.  From  the  earliest  dawn  of  the  western 
colonies,  education  was  promptly  provided  for,  and  as  early  as  1787, 
newspapers  were  issued  from  Pittsburgh  and  Kentucky,  and  largely  read 
throughout  the  frontier  settlements.  Before  the  close  of  this  year,  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  granted  to  the  citizens  of  the  Northwestern 
territory  the  formation  of  a  State  government.  One  of  the  provisions  of 
the  "compact  of  1787"  provided  that  whenever  the  number  of  inhabit- 
ants within  prescribed  limits  exceeded  45,000,  they  should  be  entitled  to 
a  separate  government.  The  prescribed  limits  of  Ohio  contained,  from  a 
census  taken  to  ascertain  the  legality  of  the  act,  more  than  that  number, 
and  on  the  30th  of  April,  1802,  Congress  passed  the  act  defining  its  limits, 
and  on  the  29th  of  November  the  Constitution  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio, 
so  named  from  the  beautiful  river  forming  its  southern  boundary,  came 
into  existence.  The  exact  limits  of  Lake  Michigan  were  not  then  known, 
but  the  territory  now  included  within  the  State  of  Michigan  was  wholly 
within  the  territory  of  Indiana. 

Gen.  Harrison,  while  residing  at  Vincennes,  made  several  treaties 
with  the  Indians,  thereby  gaining  large  tracts  of  lands.  The  next  year  is 
memorable  in  the  history  of  the  West  for  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  from 
France  by  the  United  States  for  $15,000,000.  Thus  by  a  peaceful  mode, 
the  domain  of  the  United  States  was  extended  over  a  large  tract  of 
country  west  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  for  a  time  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Northwest  government,  and,  as  has  been  mentioned  in  the  early 
part  of  this  narrative,  was  called  the  "New  Northwest."  The  limits 
of  this  history  will  not  allow  a  description  of  its  territory.  The  same  year 
large  grants  of  land  were  obtained  from  the  Indians,  and  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  new  State  of  Ohio  signed  a  bill  respecting  the 
College  Township  in  the  district  of  Cincinnati. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year.  Gen.  Harrison  obtained  additional 
grants  of  lands  from  the  various  Indian  nations  in  Indiana  and  the  present 
limits  of  Illinois,  and  on  the  18th  of  August,  1804,  completed  a  treaty  at 
St.  Louis,  whereby  over  51,000,000  acres  of  lands  were  obtained  from  the 


68 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


aborifrines.  Measures  were  also  taken  to  learn  the  condition  of  affairs  in 
and  about  Detroit.  ' 

C.  Jouett,  the  Indian  agent  in  Michigan,  still  a  part  of  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, reported  as  follows  upon  the  condition  of  matters  at  that  post : 

"  The  Town  of  Detroit. — The  charter,  which  is  for  fifteen  miles 
square,  was  granted  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.  of  France,  and  is  now, 
from  the  best  information  I  have  been  able  to  get,  at  Quebec.  Of  those 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  acres,  only  four  are  occupied  by  the  town 
and  Fort  Lenault.  The  remainder  is  a  common,  except  twenty-four 
acres,  which  were  added  twenty  years  ago  to  a  farm  belonging  to  Wm. 
Macomb.  *  *  *  A  stockade  incloses  the  town,  fort  and  citadel.  The 
pickets,  as  well  as  the  public  houses,  are  in  a  state  of  gradual  decay.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  straight  and  regular,  and  intersect  each  other  at  right 
angles.     The  houses  are,  for  the  most  part,  low  and  inelegant." 

During  this  year.  Congress  granted  a  township  of  land  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  college,  and  began  to  offer  inducements  for  settlers  in  these 
wilds,  and  the  country  now  comprising  the  State  of  Michigan  began  to 
fill  rapidly  with  settlers  along  its  southern  borders.  This  same  year,  also, 
a  law  was  passed  organizing  the  Southwest  Territory,  dividing  it  into  two 
portions,  the  Territory  of  New  Orleans,  which  city  was  made  the  seat  of 
government,  and  the  District  of  Louisiana,  which  was  annexed  to  the 
domain  of  Gen.  Harrison. 

On  the  11th  of  January,  1805,  the  Territory  of  Michigan  was  formed, 
Wm.  Hull  was  appointed  governor,  with  headquarters  at  Detroit,  the 
chano-e  to  take  effect  on  June  30.  On  the  11th  of  that  month,  a  fire 
occurred  at  Detroit,  which  destroyed  almost  every  building  in  the  place. 
When  the  officers  of  the  new  territory  reached  the  post,  they  found  it  in 
ruins,  and  the  inhabitants  scattered  throughout  the  country.  Rebuild- 
ing, however,  soon  commenced,  and  ere  long  the  town  contained  more 
houses  than  before  the  fire,  and  many  of  them  much  better  built. 

While  this  was  being  done,  Indiana  had  passed  to  the  second  grade 
of  government,  and  through  her  General  Assembly  had  obtained  large 
tracts  of  land  from  the  Indian  tribes.  To  all  this  the  celebrated  Indian, 
Tecumthe  or  Tecumseh,  vigorously  protested,  and  it  was  the  main  cause 
of  his  attempts  to  unite  the  various  Indian  tribes  in  a  conflict  with  the 
settlers.  To  obtain  a  full  account  of  these  attempts,  the  workings  of  the 
British,  and  the  signal  failure,  culminating  in  the  death  of  Tecumseh  at 
the  battle  of  tlie  Thames,  and  the  close  of  the  war  of  1812  in  the  Northwest, 
we  will  step  aside  in  our  story,  and  relate  the  principal  events  of  his  life, 
and  his  connection  with  this  conflict. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


6if 


TECUMSEH,  THE  SHAWANOE  CPIIEFTAIN. 


TO 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


TECUMSEH,  AND  THE  WAR  OF  1812. 

This  famous  Indian  chief  was  born  about  the  year  1768,  not  far  from 
the  site  of  the  present  City  of  Piqua,  Ohio.  His  father,  Puckeshinwa, 
was  a  member  of  the  Kisopok  tribe  of  the  Swanoese  nation,  and  his 
mother,  Methontaske,  was  a  member  of  the  Turtle  tribe  of  the  same 
people.  They  removed  from  Florida  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century 
to  the  birthplace  of  Tecumseh.  In  1774,  his  father,  who  had  risen  to  be 
chief,  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  not  long  after  Tecum- 
seh, by  his  bravery,  became  the  leader  of  his  tribe.  In  1795  he  was 
declared  chief,  and  then  lived  at  Deer  Creek,  near  the  site  of  the 
present  City  of  Urbana.  He  remained  here  about  one  year,  when  he 
returned  to  Piqua,  and  in  1798,  he  went  to  White  River,  Indiana.  In 
1805,  he  and  his  brother,  Laulewasikan  (Open  Door),  who  had  announced 
himself  as  a  prophet,  went  to  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Wabash  Rivei',  given 
them  by  the  Pottawatomies  and  Kickapoos.  From  this  date  the  chief 
comes  into  prominence.  He  was  now  about  thirty-seven  years  of  age, 
was  five  feet  and  ten  inches  in  height,  was  stoutly  built,  and  possessed  of 
enormous  powers  of  endurance.  His  countenance  was  naturally  pleas- 
ing, and  he  was,  in  general,  devoid  of  those  savage  attributes  possessed 
by  most  Indians.  It  is  stated  he  could  read  and  write,  and  had  a  confi- 
dential secretary  and  adviser,  named  Billy  Caldwell,  a  half-breed,  who 
afterward  became  chief  of  the  Pottawatomies.  He  occupied  the  first 
house  built  on  the  site  of  Chicago.  At  this  time,  Tecumseh  entered 
upon  the  great  work  of  his  life.  He  had  long  objected  to  the  grants  of* 
land  made  by  the  Indians  to  the  whites,  and  determined  to  unite  all  the 
Indian  tribes  into  a  league,  in  order  that  no  treaties  or  grants  of  land 
could  be  made  save  by  the  consent  of  this  confederation. 

He  traveled  constantly,  going  from  north  to  south  ;  from  the  south 
to  the  north,  everywhere  urging  the  Indians  to  this  step.  He  was  a 
matchless  orator,  and  his  burning  words  had  their  effect. 

Gen.  Harrison,  then  Governor  of  Indiana,  by  watching  the  move- 
ments of  the  Indians,  became  convinced  that  a  grand  conspiracy  was 
forming,  and  made  preparations  to  defend  the  settlements.  Tecumseh's 
plan  was  similar  to  Pontiac's,  elsewhere  described,  and  to  tlie  cunning 
artifice  of  that  chieftain  was  added  his  own  sagacity. 

During  the  year  1809,  Tecumseh  and  the  prophet  were  actively  pre- 
paring for  the  work.  In  that  3^ear,  Gen.  Harrison  entered  into  a  treaty 
with  the  Delawares,  Kickapoos,  Pottawatomies,  Miamis,  Eel  River  Indians 
and  Weas,  in  which  these  tribes  ceded  to  the  whites  certain  lands  upon 
the  Wabash,  to  all  of  which  Tecumseh  entered  a  bitter  protest,  averring 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  71 

as  one  principal  reason  that  he  did  not  want  the  Indians  to  give  up  any 
lands  north  and  west  of  the  Ohio  River. 

Tecumseh,  in  August,  1810,  visited  the  General  at  Vincennes  and 
held  a  council  relating  to  the  grievances  of  the  Indians.  Becoming  unduly 
angry  at  this  conference  he  was  dismissed  from  the  village,  and  soon  after 
departed  to  incite  the  southern  Indian  tribes  to  the  conflict. 

Gen.  Harrison  determined  to  move  upon  the  chief's  headquarters  at 
Tippecanoe,  and  for  this  purpose  went  about  sixty-five  miles  up  the 
Wabash,  where  he  built  Fort  Harrison.  From  this  place  he  went  to  the 
prophet's  town,  where  he  informed  the  Indians  he  had  no  hostile  inten- 
tions, provided  they  were  true  to  the  existing  treaties.  He  encamped 
near  the  village  early  in  October,  and  on  the  morning  of  November  7,  he 
was  attacked  by  a  large  force  of  the  Indians,  and  the  famous  battle  of 
Tippecanoe  occurred.  The  Indians  were  routed  and  their  town  broken 
up.  Tecumseh  returning  not  long  after,  was  greatly  exasperated  at  his 
brother,  the  prophet,  even  threatening  to  kill  him  for  rashly  precipitating 
the  war,  and  foiling  his  (Tecumseh's)  plans. 

Tecumseh  sent  word  to  Gen.  Harrison  that  he  was  now  returned 
from  the  South,  and  was  ready  to  visit  the  President  as  had  at  one  time 
previously  been  proposed.  Gen.  Harrison  informed  him  he  could  not  go 
as  a  chief,  which  method  Tecumseh  desired,  and  the  visit  was  never 
made. 

In  June  of  the  follownig  year,  he  visited  the  Indian  agent  at 
Fort  Wayne.  Here  he  disavowed  any  intention  to  make  a  war  against 
the  United  States,  and  reproached  Gen.  Harrison  for  marching  against  his 
people.  The  agent  replied  to  this  ;  Tecumseh  listened  with  a  cold  indif- 
ference, and  after  making  a  few  general  remarks,  with  a  haughty  air  drew 
his  blanket  about  him,  left  the  council  house,  and  departed  for  Fort  Mai- 
den, in  Upper  Canada,  where  he  joined  the  British  standard. 

He  remained  under  this  Government,  doing  effective  work  for  the 
Crown  while  engaged  in  the  war  of  1812  which  now  opened.  He  was, 
however,  always  humane  in  his  treatment  of  the  prisoners,  never  allow- 
ing his  warriors  to  ruthlessly  mutilate  the  bodies  of  those  slain,  or  wan- 
tonly murder  the  captive. 

In  the  Summer  of  1813,  Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie  occurred,  and 
shortly  after  active  preparations  were  made  to  capture  Maiden.  On  the 
27th  of  September,  the  American  army,  under  Gen.  Harrison,  set  sail  for 
the  shores  of  Canada,  and  in  a  few  hours  stood  arouncUthe  ruins  of  Mal- 
"  den,  from  which  the  British  army,  under  Proctor,  had  retreated  to  Sand- 
wich, intending  to  make  its  way  to  the  heart  of  Canada  by  the  Valley  of 
the  Thames.  On  the  29th  Gen.  Harrison  was  at  Sandwich,  and  Gen. 
McArthur  took  possession  of  Detroit  and  the  territory  of  Michigan. 


72 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


On  the  2d  of  October,  the  Americans  began  their  pursuit  of  Proctor, 
whom  they  overtook  on  the  5th,  and  the  battle  of  the  Thames  followed. 
Early  in  the  engagement,  Tecumseh  wlio  was  at  the  head  of  the  column 
of  Indians  was  slain,  and  they,  no  longer  hearing  the  voice  of  their  chief- 
tain, fled.  The  victory  was  decisive,  and  practically  closed  the  war  in 
the  Northwesto 


'    INDIANS   ATTACKING    A    STOCKADE. 

Just  who  killed  the  great  chief  has  been  a  matter  of  much  dispute  ; 
but  the  weight  of  opinion  awards  the  act  to  Col.  Richard  M.  Johnson, 
who  fired  at  him  with  a  pistol,  the  shot  proving  fatal. 

In  1805  occurred  Burr's  Insurrection.  He  took  possession  of  a 
beautiful  island  in  the  Ohio,  after  the  killing  of  Hamilton,  and  is  charged 
by  many  with  attempting  to  set  up  an  independent  government.  His 
plans  were  frustrated  by  the  general  government,  his  property  confiscated 
and  he  was  compelled  to  flee  the  country  for  safety. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  73 

In  January,  1807,  Governor  Hull,  of  Michigan  Territory,  made  a 
treaty  with  the  Indians,  whereby  all  that  peninsula  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States.  Before  the  close  of  the  year,  a  stockade  was  built  about 
Detroit.  It  was  also  during  this  year  that  Indiana  and  Illinois  endeavored 
to  obtain  the  repeal  of  that  section  of  the  compact  of  1787,  whereby 
slavery  was  excluded  from  the  Northwest  Territory.  These  attempts, 
however,  all  signally  failed. 

In  1809  it  was  deemed  advisable  to  divide  the  Indiana  Territory. 
This  was  done,  and  the  Territory  of  Illinois  was  formed  from  the  western 
part,  the  seat  of  government  being  fixed  at  Kaskaskia.  The  next  year, 
the  intentions  of  Tecumseh  manifested  themselves  in  open  hostilities,  and 
then  began  the  events  already  narrated. 

While  this  war  was  in  progress,  emigration  to  the  West  went  on  with 
surprising  rapidity.  In  1811,  under  Mr.  Roosevelt  of  New  York,  the 
first  steamboat  trip  was  made  on  the  Ohio,  much  to  the  astonishment  of 
the  natives,  many  of  whom  fled  in  terror  at  the  appearance  of  the 
"  monster."  It  arrived  at  Louisville  on  the  10th  day  of  October.  At  the 
close  of  the  first  week  of  Januairy,  1812,  it  arrived  at  Natchez,  after  being 
nearly  overwhelmed  in  the  great  earthquake  which  occurred  while  on  its 
downward  trip. 

The'  battle  of  the  Thames  was  fought  on  October  6,  1813.  It 
effectually  closed  hostilities  in  the  Northwest,  although  peace  was  not 
fully  restored  until  July  22,  1814,  when  a  treaty  was  formed  at  Green- 
ville, under  the  direction  of  General  Harrison,  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Indian  tribes,  in  which  it  was  stipulated  that  the  Indians  should 
cease  hostilities  against  the  Americans  if  the  war  were  continued.  Such, 
happily,  was  not  the  case,  and  on  the  24th  of  December  the  treaty 
of  Ghent  was  signed  by  the  representatives  of  England  and  the  United 
States.  This  treaty  was  followed  the  next  year  by  treaties  with  various 
Indian  tribes  throughout  the  West  and  Northwest,  and  quiet  was  again 
restored  in  this  part  of  the  new  world. 

On  the  18th  of  March,  1816,  Pittsburgh  was  incorporated  as  a  city. 
It  then  had  a  population  of  8,000  people,  and  was  already  noted  for  its 
manufacturing  interests.  On  April  19,  Indiana  Territory  was  allowed 
to  form  a  state  government.  At  that  time  there  were  thirteen  counties 
organized,  containing  about  sixty-three  thousand  inhabitants.  The  first 
election  of  state  officers  was  held  in  August,  when  Jonathan  Jennuigs 
was  chosen  Governor.  The  officers  were  sworn  in  on  November  7,  a.nd 
on  December  11,  the  State  was  formally  admitted  into  the  Union.  For 
some  time  the  seat  of  government  was  at  Corydon,  but  a  more  central 
location  being  desirable,  the  present  capital,  Indianapolis  (City  of  Indiana), 
was  laid  out  January  1,  1825. 


74  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

On  the  28th  of  December  the  Bank  of  Illinois,  at  Shawneetown,  was 
chartered,  with  a  capital  of  $300,000.  At  this  period  all  banks  were 
under  the  control  of  the  States,  and  were  allowed  to  establish  branches 
at  different  convenient  points. 

Until  this  time  Chillicothe  and  Cincinnati  had  in  turn  enjoyed  the 
privileges  of  being  the  capital  of  Ohio.  But  the  rapid  settlement  of  the 
northern  and  eastern  portions  of  the  State  demanded,  as  in  Indiana,  a 
more  central  location,  and  before  the  close  of  the  year,  the  site  of  Col- 
umbus was  selected  and  surveyed  as  the  future  capital  of  the  State. 
Banking  had  begun  in  Ohio  as  early  as  1808,  when  the  first  bank  was 
chartered  at  Marietta,  but  here  as  elsewhere  it  did  not  bring  to  the  state 
the  hoped-for  assistance.  It  and  other  banks  were  subsequently  unable 
to  redeem  their  currency,  and  were  obliged  to  suspend. 

In  1818,  Illinois  was  made  a  state,  and  all  the  territory  north  of  her 
northern  limits  was  erected  into  a  separate  territory  and  joined  to  Mich- 
igan for  judicial  purposes.  By  the  following  year,  navigation  of  the  lakes 
was  increasing  with  great  rapidity  and  affording  an  immense  source  of 
revenue  to  the  dwellers  in  the  Northwest,  but  it  was  not  until  1826  that 
the  trade  was  extended  to  Lake  Michigan,  or  that  steamships  l)egan  to 
navigate  the  bosom  of  that  inland  sea. 

Until  the  year  1832,  the  commencement  of  the  Black  Hawk  War, 
but  few  hostilities  were  experienced  with  the  Indians.  Roads  were 
opened,  canals  were  dug,  cities  were  built,  common  schools  were  estab- 
lished, universities  were  founded,  many  of  which,  especially  the  Michigan 
University,  have  achieved  a  world  wide-reputation.  The  people  were 
becoming  wealthy.  The  domains  of  the  United  States  had  been  extended, 
and  had  the  sons  of  the  forest  been  treated  with  honesty  and  justice,  the 
record  of  many  years  would  have  been  that  of  peace  and  continuous  pros- 
perity. 

BLACK  HAWK  AND  THE  BLACK  HAWK  WAR. 

This  conflict,  though  confined  to  Illinois,  is  an  important  epoch  in 
the  Northwestern  history,  being  the  last  war  with  the  Indians  in  this  part 
of  the  United  States. 

Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah,  or  Black  Hawk,  was  born  in  the  principal 
Sac  village,  about  three  miles  from  the  junction  of  Rock  River  with  the 
Mississippi,  in  the  year  1767.  His  father's  name  was  Py-e-sa  or  Pahaes ; 
his  grandfather's,  Na-na-ma-kee,  or  the  Thunderer.  Black  Hawk  early 
distinguished  himself  as  a  warrior,  and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  was  permitted 
to  paint  and  was  ranked  among  the  braves.  About  the  year  1783,  he 
went  on  an  expedition  against  the  enemies  of  his  nation,  the  Osages,  one 


1 

I 


I 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITOBY. 


76 


BLACK  HAWK,  THE  SAC  CHIEFTAIN. 


76  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

of  whom  he  killed  and  scalped,  and  for  this  deed  of  Indian  bravery  he  was 
permitted  to  join  in  the  scalp  dance.  Three  or  four  years  after  he,  at  the 
head  of  two  hundred  braves,  went  on  another  expedition  against  the 
Osages,  to  avenge  the  murder  of  some  women  and  children  belonging  to 
his  own  tribe.  Meeting  an  equal  number  of  Osage  warriors,  a  fierce 
battle  ensued,  in  which  the  latter  tribe  lost  one-half  their  number.  The 
Sacs  lost  only  about  nineteen  warriors.  He  next  attacked  the  Cherokees 
for  a  similar  cause.  In  a  severe  battle  with  them,  near  the  present  Citv 
of  St.  Louis,  his  father  was  slain,  and  Black  Hawk,  taking  possession  of 
the  "  Medicine  Bag,"  at  once  announced  himself  chief  of  the  Sac  nation. 
He  had  now  conquered  the  Cherokees,  and  about  the  year  1800,  at  the 
head  of  five  hundred  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  a  hundred  lowas,  he  waged 
war  against  the  Osage  nation  and  subdued  it.  For  two  years  he  battled 
successfully  with  other  Indian  tribes,  all  of  whom  he  conquered. 

Black  Hawk  does  not  at  any  time  seem  to  have  been  friendly  to 
the  Americans.  When  on  a  visit  to  St.  Louis  to  see  his  "  Spanish 
Father,"  he  declined  to  see  an}^  of  the  Americans,  alleging,  as  a  reason, 
he  did  not  want  two  fathers. 

The  treaty  at  St.  Louis  was  consummated  in  1804.  The  next  year  the 
United  States  Government  erected  a  fort  near  the  head  of  the  Des  Moines 
Rapids,  called  Fort  Edwards.  This  seemed  to  enrage  Black  Hawk,  who 
at  once  determined  to  capture  Fort  Madison,  standing  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Mississippi  above  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  fort  was 
garrisoned  by  about  fifty  men.  Here  he  was  defeated.  The  difficulties 
with  the  British  Government  arose  about  this  time,  and  the  War  of  1812 
followed.  That  government,  extending  aid  to  the  Western  Indians,  by 
giving  them  arms  and  ammunition,  induced  them  to  remain  hostile  to  the 
Americans.  In  August,  1812,  Black  Hawk,  at  the  head  of  about  five 
hundred  braves,  started  to  join  the  British  forces  at  Detroit,  passing  on 
his  way  the  site  of  Chicago,  where  the  famous  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre 
had  a  few  days  before  occurred.  Of  liis  connection  with  the  British 
Government  but  little  is  known.  In  1813  he  with  his  little  band  descended 
the  Mississippi,  and  attacking  some  United  States  troops  at  Fort  Howard 
was  defeated. 

In  the  early  part  of  1815,  the  Indian  tribes  west  of  the  Mississippi 
were  notified  that  peace  had  b^n  declared  between  the  United  States 
and  England,  and  nearly  all  hostilities  had  ceased.  Black  Hawk  did  not 
sign  any  treaty,  however,  until  May  of  the  following  year.  He  then  recog- 
nized the  validity  of  the  treaty  at  St.  Louis  in  1804.  From  the  time  of 
signing  this  treaty  in  1816,  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1832,  he 
and  his  band  passed  their  time  in  the  common  pursuits  of  Indian  life. 

Ten  years  before  the  commencement  of  this  war,  the  Sac  and  Fox 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  77 

Indians  were  urged  to  join  the  lowas  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Father  of 
Waters.  All  were  agreed,  save  the  band  known  as  the  British  Band,  of 
which  Black  Hawk  was  leader.  He  strenuously  objected  to  the  removal, 
and  was  induced  to  comply  only  after  being  threatened  with  the  power  of 
the  Government.  This  and  various  actions  on  the  part  of  the  white  set- 
tlers provoked  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  to  attempt  the  (Capture  of  his 
native  village  now  occupied  by  the  whites.  The  war  followed.  He  and 
his  actions  were  undoubtedly  misunderstood,  and  had  his  Avishes  been 
acquiesced  in  at  the  beginning  of  the  struggle,  much  bloodshed  would 
have  been  prevented. 

Black  Hawk  was  chief  now  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  nations,  and  a  noted 
warrior.  He  and  his  tribe  inhabited  a  village  on  Rock  River,  nearly  three 
miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Mississippi,  where  the  tribe  had  lived 
many  generations.  When  that  portion  of  Illinois  was  reserved  to  them, 
they  remained  in  peaceable  possession  of  their  reservation,  spending  their 
time  in  the  enjoyment  of  Indian  life.  The  fine  situation  of  their  village 
and  the  quality  of  their  lands  incited  the  more  lawless  white  settlers,  who 
from  time  to  time  began  to  encroach  upon  the  red  men's  domain.  From 
one  pretext  to  another,  and  from  one  step  to  another,  the  crafty  white 
men  gained  a  foothold,  until  through  whisky  and  artifice  they  obtained 
deeds  from  many  of  the  Indians  for  their  possessions.  The  Indians  were 
finallv  induced  to  cross  over  the  Father  of  Waters  and  locate  amona-  the 
lowas.  Black  Hawk  was  strenuously  opposed  to  all  this,  but  as  the 
authorities  of  Illinois  and  the  United  States  thought  this  the  best  move,  he 
was  forced  to  comply.  Moreover  other  tribes  joined  the  Avhites  and  urged 
the  removal.  Black  Hawk  would  not  agree  to  the  terms  of  the  treaty 
made  with  his  nation  for  their  lands,  and  as  soon  as  the  military,  called  to 
enforce  his  removal,  had  retired,  he  returned  to  the  Illinois  side  of  the 
river.  A  large  force  was  at  once  raised  and  marched  against  him.  On 
the  evening  of  May  14,  1832,  the  first  engagement  occurred  between  a 
band  from  this  army  and  Black  Hawk's  band,  in  which  the  former  were 
defeated. 

This  attack  and  its  result  aroused  the  whites.  A  large  force  of  men 
was  raised,  and  Gen.  Scott  hastened  from  the  seaboard,  by  way  of  the 
lakes,  with  United  States  troops  and  artillery  to  aid  in  the  subjugation  of 
the  Indians.  On  the  24th  of  June,  Black  Hawk,  with  200  warriors,  was 
repulsed  by  Major  Demont  between  Rock  River  and  Galena.  The  Ameri- 
can army  continued  to  move  up  Rock  River  toward  the  main  body  of 
■the Indians,  and  on  the  21st  of  July  came  upon  Black  Hawk  and  his  band, 
and  defeated  them  near  the  Blue  Mounds. 

Before  this  action.  Gen.  Henry,  in  command,  sent  word  to  the  main 
army  by  whom  he  was  immediately  rejoined,  and  the  whole  crossed  the 


1 


78  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

Wisconsin  in  pursuit  of  Black  Hawk  and  his  band  who  were  fleeing  to  the 
Mississippi.  They  were  overtaken  on  the  2d  of  August,  and  in  the  battle 
which  followed  the  power  of  the  Indian  chief  was  completely  broken.  He 
fled,  but  was  seized  by  the  Winnebagoes  and  delivered  to  the  whites. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1832,  Gen.  Scott  and  Gov.  Reynolds  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes,  Sacs  and  Foxes  by  which  they 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  vast  tract  of  country,  and  agreed  to  remain 
peaceable  with  the  whites.  For  the  faithful  performance  of  the  provi-, 
sions  of  this  treaty  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  it  was  stipulated  that 
Black  Hawk,  his  two  sons,  the  prophet  Wabokieshiek,  and  six  other  chiefs 
of  the  hostile  bands  should  be  retained  as  hostages  during  the  pleasure 
of  the  President.    They  were  confined  at  Fort  Barracks  and  put  in  irons. 

The  next  Spring,  by  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  they  were  taken 
to  Washington.  From  there  they  were  removed  to  Fortress  Monroe, 
"there  to  remain  until  the  conduct  of  their  nation  was  such  as  to  justify 
their  being  set  at  liberty."  They  were  retained  here  until  the  4th  of 
June,  when  the  authorities  directed  them  to  be  taken  to  the  principal 
cities  so  that  they  might  see  the  folly  of  contending  against  the  white 
people.  Everywhere  they  were  observed  by  thousands,  the  name  of  the 
old  chief  being  extensively  known.  By  the  middle  of  August  they 
reached  Fort  Armstrong  on  Rock  Island,  where  Black  Hawk  was  soon 
after  released  to  go  to  his  countrymen.  As  he  passed  the  site  of  his  birth- 
place, now  the  home  of  the  white  man,  he  was  deeply  moved.  His  village 
where  he  was  born,  where  he  had  so  happily  lived,  and  where  he  had 
hoped  to  die,  was  now  another's  dwelling  place,  and  he  was  a  wanderer. 

On  the  next  day  after  his  release,  he  went  at  once  to  his  tribe  and 
his  lodge.  His  Avife  was  yet  living,  and  with  her  he  passed  the  remainder 
of  his  jiays.  To  his  credit  it  may  be  said  that  Black  Hawk  always  re- 
mained true  to  his  wife,  and  served  her  with  a  devotion  uncommon  among 
the  Indians,  living  with  her  upward  of  forty  years. 

Black  Hawk  now  passed  his  time  hunting  and  fishing.  A  deep  mel- 
ancholy had  settled  over  him  from  which  he  could  not  be  freed.  At  all 
times  when  he  visited  the  whites  he  was  received  with  marked  atten- 
tion. He  was  an  honored  guest  at  the  old  settlers'  reunion  in  Lee  County, 
Illinois,  at  some  of  their  meetings,  and  received  many  tokens  of  esteem. 
In  September,  1838,  while  on  his  way  to  Rock  Island  to  receive  his 
annuity  from  the  Government,  he  contracted  a  severe  cold  which  resulted 
in  a  fatal  attack  of  bilious  fever  which  terminated  his  life  on  October  3. 
His  faithful  wife,  who  was  devotedly  attached  to  him,  mourned  deeply 
during  his  sickness.  After  his  death  he  was  dressed  in  the  uniform  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  President  while  in  Washington.  He  was  buried  in 
a  grave  six  feet  in  depth,  situated  upon  a  beautiful  eminence.     "  The 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


79 


body  was  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  grave,  in  a  sitting  posture,  upon  a 
seat  constructed  for  the  purpose.  On  his  left  side,  the  cane,  given  him 
by  Henry  Clay,  was  placed  upright,  with  his  right  hand  resting  upon  it. 
Many  of  the  old  warrior's  trophies  were  placed  in  the  grave,  and  some 
Indian  garments,  together  with  his  favorite  weapons." 

No  sooner  was  the  Black  Hawk  war'  concluded  than  settlers  began 
rapidly  to  pour  into  the  northern  parts  of  Illinois,  and  into  Wisconsin, 
now  free  from  Indian  depredations.  Chicago,  from  a  trading  post,  had 
grown  to  a  commercial  center,  and  was  rapidly  coming  into  prominence. 
In  1835,  the  formation  of  a  State  Government  in  Michigan  was  discussed, 
but  did  not  take  active  form  until  two  years  later,  when  the  State  became 
a  part  of  the  Federal  Union. 

The  main  attraction  to  that  portion  of  the  Northwest  lying  west  of 
Lake  Michigan,  now  included  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  was  its  alluvial 
wealth.  Copper  ore  was  found  about  Lake  Superior.  For  some  time  this 
region  was  attached  to  Michigan  for  judiciary  purposes,  but  in  ISSf)  was 
made  a  territory,  then  including  Minnesota  and  Iowa.  The  latter  State 
was  detached  two  years  later.  In  1848,  Wisconsin  was  admitted  as  a 
State,  Madison  being  made  the  capital.  We  have  now  traced  the  various 
divisions  of  the  Northwest  Territory  (save  a  little  in  Minnesota)  from 
the  time  it  was  a  unit  comprising  this  vast  territory,  until  circumstances 
compelled  its  present  division. 

OTHER   INDIAN   TROUBLES. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  narrative,  we  will  narrate  briefly  the 
Indian  troubles  in  Minnesota  and  elsewhere  by  the  Sioux  Indians. 

In  August,  1862,  the  Sioux  Indians  living  on  the  western  borders  of 
Minnesota  fell  upon  the  unsuspecting  settlers,  and  in  a  few  hours  mas- 
sacred ten  or  twelve  hundred  persons.  A  distressful  panic  was  the 
immediate  result,  fully  thirty  thousand  persons  fleeing  from  their  homes 
to  districts  supposed  to  be  better  protected.  The  military  authorities 
at  once  took  active  measures  to  punish  the  savages,  and  a  large  number 
were  killed  and  captured.  About  a  year  after,  Little  Crow,  the  chief, 
was  killed  by  a  Mr.  Lampson  near  Scattered  Lake.  Of  those  captured, 
thirty  were  hung  at  Mankato,  and  the  remainder,  through  fears  of  mob 
violence,  were  removed  to  Camp  McClellan,  on  the  outskirts  of  the  City 
of  Davenport.  It  was  here  that  Big  Eagle  came  into  prominence  and 
secured  his  release  by  the  following  order : 


80 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


BIG  EAGLE. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  81 

"Special  Order,  No.  430.  "War  Department, 

"  Adjutant  General's  Office,  Washington,  Dec.  3, 1864. 
"  Big  Eagle,  an  Indian  now  in  confinement  at  Davenport,  Io\va» 
will,  upon  the  receipt  of  this  order,  be  immediately  released  from  confine- 
%  ment  and  set  at  liberty. 

''  By  order  of  the  President  of  the  United  States.    • 
"  Official :  "  E.  D.  TowNSEND,  Ass't  Adft  G-en. 

"  Capt.  James  Vanderventer,  Corny  Sub.  Vols.  . 
"Through  Com'g  Gen'l,  Washington,  D.  C." 

Another  Indian  who  figures  more  prominently  than  Big  Eagle,  and 
who  was  more  cowardly  in  his  nature,  with  his  band  of  Modoc  Indians, 
is  noted  in  the  annals  of  the  New  Northwest:  we  refer  to  Captain  Jack. 
This  distinguished  Indian,  noted  for  his  cowardly  murder  of  Gen.  Canby, 
was  a  chief  of  a  Modoc  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting  the  border  lands 
between  California  and  Oregon.  This  region  of  country  comprises  what 
is  known  as  the  "  Lava  Beds,"  a  tract  of  land  described  as  utterly  impene- 
trable, save  by  those  savages  who  had  made  it  their  home. 

The  Modocs  are  kn9wn  as  an  exceedingly  fierce  and  treacherous 
race.  They  had,  according  to  their  own  traditions,  resided  here  for  many 
generations,  and  at  one  time  were  exceedingly  numerous  and  powerful. 
A  famine  carried  off  nearly  half  their  numbers,  and  disease,  indolence 
and  the  vices  of  the  white  man  have  reduced  them  to  a  poor,  weak  and 
insignificant  tribe. 

Soon  after  the  settlement  of  California  and  Oregon,  complaints  began 
to  be  heard  of  massacres  of  emigrant  trains  passing  through  the  Modoc 
country.  In  1847,  an  emigrant  train,  comprising  eighteen  souls,  was  en- 
tirely destroyed  at  a  place  since  known  as  "  Bloody  Point."  These  occur- 
rences caused  the  United  States  Government  to  appoint  a  peace  commission, 
who,  after  repeated  attempts,  in  1864,  made  a  treaty  with  the  Modocs, 
Snakes  and  Klamaths,  in  which  it  was  agreed  on  their  part  to  remove  to 
a  reservation  set  apart  for  them  in  the  southern  part  of  Oregon. 

With  the  exception  of  Captain  Jack  and  a  band  of  his  followers,  who 
remained  at  Clear  Lake,  about  six  miles  from  Klamath,  ^  the  Indians 
complied.  The  Modocs  who  went  to  the  reservation  were  under  chief 
Schonchin.  Captain  Jack  remained  at  the  lake  without  disturbance 
until  1869,  when  he  was  also  induced  to  remove  to  the  reservation.  The 
Modocs  and  the  Klamaths  soon  became  involved  in  a  quarrel,  and  Captain 
Jack  and  his  band  returned  to  the  Lava  Beds. 

Several  attempts  were  made  by  the  Indian  Commissioners  to  induce 
them  to  return  to  the  reservation,  and  finally  becoming  involved  in  a 


1 


82 


THE    NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


difficulty  with  the  commissioner  and  his  military  escort,  a  fight  ensued, 
in  which  the  chief  and  his  Land  were  routed.  They  were  greatly  enraged, 
and  on  their  retreat,  before  the  day  closed,  killed  eleven  inoffensive  whites. 

The  nation  was  aroused  and  immediate  action  demanded.  A  com- 
mission was  at  once  appointed  by  the  Government  to  see  what  could  be 
done.  It  comprised  the  following  persons  :  Gen.  E.  R.  S.  Canby,  Rev. 
Dr.  E.  Thomas,  a  leading  Methodist  divine  of  California ;  Mr.  A.  B. 
Meacham,  Judge  Rosborough,  of  California,  and  a  Mr.  Dyer,  of  Oregon. 
After  several  interviews,  in  which  the  savages  were  always  aggressive, 
often  appearing  with  scalps  in  their  belts.  Bogus  Charley  came  to  the 
commission  on  the  evening  of  April  10,  1873,  and  informed  them  that 
Capt.  Jack  and  his  band  would  have  a  "  talk  "  to-morrow  at  a  place  near 
Clear  Lake,  about  three  miles  distant.  Here  the  Commissioners,  accom- 
panied by  Charle3%  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  Boston  Charley  repaired. 
After  the  usual  greeting  the  council  proceedings  commenced.  On  behalf 
of  the  Indians  there  were  present :  Capt.  Jack,  Black  Jim,  Schnac  Nasty 
Jim,  Ellen's  Man,  and  Hooker  Jim.  They  had  no  guns,  but  carried  pis- 
tols. After  short  speeches  by  Mr.  Meacham,  Gen.  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas, 
Chief  Schonchin  arose  to  speak.  He  had  scarcely  proceeded  when, 
as  if  by  a  preconcerted  arrangement,  Capt.  Jack  drew  his  pistol  and  shot 
Gen.  Canby  dead.  In  less  than  a  minute  a  dozen  shots  were  fired  b}^  the 
savages,  and  the  massacre  completed.  Mr.  Meacham  was  shot  by  Schon- 
chin, and  Dr.  Thomas  by  Boston  Charley.  Mr.  Dyer  barely  escaped,  being 
fired  at  twice.  Riddle,  the  interpreter,  and  his  squaw  escaped.  The 
troops  rushed  to  the  spot  where  they  found  Gen.  Canby  and  Dr.  Thomas 
dead,  and  Mr.  Meacham  badly  wounded.  The  savages  had  escaped  to 
their  impenetrable  fastnesses  and  could  not  be  pursued. 

The  whole  country  Avas  aroused  by  this  brutal  massacre ;  but  it  was 
not  until  the  following  May  that  the  murderers  were  brought  to  justice. 
At  that  time  Boston  Charley  gave  himself  up,  and  offered  to  guide  the 
troops  to  Capt.  Jack's  stronghold.  This  led  to  the  capture  of  his  entire 
gang,  a  number  of  whom  were  murdered  by  Oregon  volunteers  Avhile  on 
their  way  to  trial.  The  remaining  Indians  were  held  as  prisoners  until 
July  when  thttr  trial  occurred,  which  led  to  the  conviction  of  Capt. 
Jack,  Schonchin,  Boston  Charley,  Hooker  Jim,  Broncho,  alias  One-Eyed 
Jim,  and  Slotuck,  who  were  sentenced  to  be  hanged.  These  sentences 
were  approved  by  the  President,  save  in  the  case  of  Slotuck  and  Broncho 
whose  sentences  were  commuted  to  imprisonment  for  life.  The  others 
were  executed  at  Fort  Klamath,  October  3,  1873. 

These  closed  the  Ijidian  troubles  for  a  time  in  the  Northwest,  and  for 
several  years  the  borders  of  civilization  remained  in  peace.  They  were 
again  involved  in  a    conflict  with  the  savages  about  the  country  of  the 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


sa 


CAPTAIN  JACK,  THE  MODOC  CHIEFTAIN. 


rf4 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


Black  Hills,  in  which  war  the  gallant  Gen.  Custer  lost  his  hfe.  Just 
now  the  borders  of  Oregon  and  California  are  again  in  fear  of  hostilities  ; 
but  as  the  Government  has  learned  how  to  deal  with  the  Indians,  they 
will  be  of  short  duration.  The  red  man  is  fast  passing  away  before  the 
march  of  the  white  man,  and  a  few  more  generations  will  read  of  the 
Indians  as  one  of  the  nations  of  the  past. 

The  Northwest  abounds  in  memorable  places.  We  have  generally 
noticed  them  in  the  narrative,  but  our  space  forbids  their  description  in 
detail,  save  of  the  most  important  places..  Detroit,  Cincinnati,  Vincennes, 
Kaskaskia  and  their  kindred  towns  have  all  been  described.  But  ere  we 
leave  the  narrative  we  will  present  our  readers  with  an  account  of  the 
Kinzie  house,  the  old  landmark  of  Chicago,  and  the  discovery  of  the 
source  of  the  Mississippi  River,  each  of  which  may  well  find  a  place  in 
the  annals  of  the  Northwest. 

Mr.  John  Kinzie,  of  the  Kinzie  house,  represented  in  the  illustra- 
tion, established  a  trading  house  at  Fort  Dearborn  in  1804.  The  stockade 
had  been  erected  the  year  previous,  and  named  Fort  Dearborn  in  honor 
of  the  Secretary  of  War.  It  had  a  block  house  at  each  of  the  two  angles, 
on  the  southern  side  a  sallyport,  a  covered  way  on  the  north  side,  that  led 
down  to  the  river,  for  the  double  purpose  of  providing  means  of  escape, 
and  of  procuring  water  in  the  event  of  a  siege. 

Fort  Dearborn  stood  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Chicago  River,  about 
half  a  mile  from  its  mouth.  When  Major  Whistler  built  it,  his  soldiers 
hauled  all  the  timber,  for  he  had  no  oxen,  and  so  economically  did  he 
work  that  the  fort  cost  the  Government  only  fifty  dollars.  For  a  while 
the  garrison  could  get  no  grain,  and  W  histler  and  his  men  subsisted  on 
acorns.     Now  Chicago  is  the  greatest  grain  center  in  the  world. 

Mr.  Kinzie  bought  the  hut  of  the  first  settler,  Jean  Baptiste  Point  au 
Sable,  on  the  site  of  which  he  erected  his  mansion.  Within  an  inclosure 
in  front  he  planted  some  Lombardy  poplars,  seen  in  the  engraving,  and  in 
the  rear  he  soon  had  a  fine  garden  and  growing  orchard. 

In  1812  the  Kinzie  house  and  its  surroundings  became  the  theater 
of  stirring  events.  The  garrison  of  Fort  Dearborn  consisted  of  fifty-four 
men,  under  the  charge  of  Capt.  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant 
Lenai  T.  Helm  (son-in-law  to  Mrs.  Kinzie),  and  Ensign  Ronan.  The 
suro-eon  was  Dr.  Voorhees.  The  only  residents  at  the  post  at  that  time 
were  the  wives  of  Capt.  Heald  and  Lieutenant  Helm  and  a  few  of  the 
soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and  a  few  Canadian  voyagers  with  their 
wives  and  children.  The  soldiers  and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  the  most 
friendly  terms  Avith  the  Pottawatomies  and  the  Winnebagoes,  the  prin- 
cipal tribes  around  them,  but  they  could  not  win  them  from  their  attach- 
ment to  the  British. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERKTTORY. 


85 


After  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe  it  was  observed  that  some  of  the  lead- 
ing chiefs  became  sullen,  for  some  of  their  people  had  perished  in  that 
conflict  with  American  troops. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  his  violin  and  his 
children  were  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing  into 
the  house  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming,  "  The  Indians  !  the  Indians  I  " 
"  What?  Where?  "  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "  Up  at  Lee's,  kilHng 
and  scalping,"  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who,  when  the  alarm  was 
given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Burns,  a  newly-made  mother,  living  not  fni-  oi¥. 


KINZIE    HOUSE. 


Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  in  boats,  and  took  refuge  in 
the  fort,  to  which  place  Mrs.  Burns  and  her  infant,  not  a  day  old,  were 
conveyed  in  safety  to  the  shelter  of  the  guns  of  Fort  Dearborn,  and  the 
rest  of  the  white  inhabitants  fled.  The  Indians  were  a  scalping  party  of 
Winnebagoes,  who  hovered  around  the  fort  some  days,  when  they  dis- 
appeared, and  for  several  weeks  the  inhabitants  were  not  disturbed  by 
alarms. 

Chicago  was  then  so  deep  in  the  wilderness,  that  the  news  of  the 
declaration  of  war  against  Great  Britain,  made  on  the  19th  of  June,  1812, 
did  not  reach  the  commander  of  the  garrison  at  Fort  Dearborn  till  the  7th 
of  August.  Now  the  fast  mail  train  will  carry  a  man  from  New  York  to 
Chicago  in  twenty-seven  hours,  and  such  a  declaration  might  be  sent, 
every  word,  by  the  telegraph  in  less  than  the  same  number  of  minutes. 


THE  KOKTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


87 


PRESENT    CONDITION    OF    THE    NORTHWEST 

Preceding  chapters  have  brought  us  to  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk 

•  war,  and  we  now  turn  to  the  contempLation  of  the  growth  and  prosperity 

of  the  Northwest  under  the  smile  of  peace  and  the  blessings  of  our  civili- 

za-tian.     The  pioneers  of  this  region  date  events  back  to  the  deep  snow 


A    KEPRESKNTATIVE    PIONEER. 

of  1831,  no  one  arriving  here  since  that  date  taking  first  honors.  The 
inciting  cause  of  the  immigration  which  overflowed  the  prairies  early  in 
the  '30s  was  the  reports  of  the  marvelous  beauty  and  fertility  of  the 
region  distributed  through  the  East  by  those  who  had  participated  in  the 
Black  Hawk  campaign  with  Gen.  Scott.  Chicago  and  Milwaukee  then 
had  a  few  hundred  inhabitants,  and  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard's  trail  from  the 
former  city  to  Kaskaskia  led  almost  through  a  wilderness.  Vegetables 
and  clothing  were  largely,  distributed  through  the  regions  adjoining  the 


88 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


I 


lakes  by  steamers  from  the  Ohio  towns.  There  are  men  now  living  in 
Illinois  who  came  to  the  state  when  barely  an  acre  was  in  cultivation, 
and  a  man  now  prominent  in  the  business  circles  of  Chicago  looked  over 
the  swampy,  cheerless  site  of  that  metropolis  in  1818  and  went  south- 
ward into  civilization.     Emigrants  from  Pennsylvania  in  1830  left  behind 


Li:5ifC0LN    MO^^^UMENT,    SPKIXGFIELD,    ILLINOIS. 

them  but  one  small  railway  in  the  coal  regions,  thirty  miles  in  length, 
and  made  their  way  to  the  Northwest  mostly  with  ox  teams,  finding  in 
Northern  Illinois  petty  settlements  scores  of  miles  apart,  altliough  the 
southern  portion  of  the  state  was  fairly  dotted  with  farms.  The 
water  courses  of  the  lakes  and  rivers  furnished  transportation  to  the 
second  great  army  of  immigrants,  and  about  1850  railroads  were 
pushed  to  that  extent  that  the  crisis  of  1837  was  precipitated  upon  us. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


89 


from  the  effects  of  which  the  AVestern  country  had  not  fully  recovered 
at  the  outbreak  of  the  war.  Hostilities  found  the  colonists  of  the  prairies 
fullv  alive  to  the  demands  of  the  occasion,  and  the  honor  of  recruiting 


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.the  vast  armies  of  the  Union  fell  largely  to  Gov.  Yates,  of  Illinois,  ann 
Gov.  Morton,  of  Indiana.  To  recount  the  share  of  the  glories  of  the 
campaign  won  Iby  cujc  Western  troops  is  a  needless  task,  except  to 
mention  the  fact  that  Illinois  p^ave  co  the  nation  the  President  who  save'* 


90 


THE   NORTHWEST    TERRITORY. 


it,  and  sent  out  at  the  head  of  one  of  its  regiments  tne  general  who  led 
its  armies  to  the  final  victory  at  Appomattox.      The  struggle,  on  the 


FARM    VIEW    IN    WINTER. 

whole,  had  a  marked  effect  for  the  better  on  the  new  Northwest,  g;  ring 
it  an  impetus  which  twenty  years  of  peace  would  not  have  produced. 
In  a  large  degree  this  prosperity  was  an  inflated  one,  and  with  the  rest 
of  the  Union  we  have    since    been    compelled  to  atone  therefoi;  l\v  four 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.   .  9S 

years  of  depression  of  values,  of  scarcity  of  employment,  and  loss  of 
fortune.  To  a  less  degree,  however,  than  the  manufacturing  or  mining 
regions  has  the  West  suffered  during  the  prolonged  panic  now  so  near  its 
end.  Agriculture,  still  the  leading  feature  in  our  industries,  has  been 
quite  prosperous  through  all  these  dark  years,  and  the  farmers  have 
cleared  away  many  incumbrances  resting  over  them  from  the  period  of 
fictitious  values.  The  population  has  steadily  increased,  the  arts  and 
sciences  are  gaining  a  stronger  foothold,  the  trade  area  of  the  region  is 
becoming  daily  more  extended,  and  we  have  been  largely  exempt  from 
the  financial  calamities  which  have  nearly  wrecked  communities  on  the 
seaboard  dependent  wholly  on  foreign  commerce  or  domestic  manufacture. 
At  the  present  period  there  are  no  great  schemes  broached  for  the 
Northwest,  no  propositions  for  government  subsidies  or  national  works 
of  improvement,  but  the  capital  of  the  world  is  attracted  hither  for  the 
purchase  of  our  products  or  the  expansion  of  our  capacity  for  serving  the 
nation  at  large.  A  new  era  is  dawning  as  to  transportation,  and  we  bid 
fair  to  dealalmost  exclusively  with  the  increasing  and  expanding  lines 
of  steel  rail  running  through  every  few  miles  of  territory  on  the  prairies. 
T]ie  lake  marine  will  no  doubt  continue  to  be  useful  in  the  warmer 
season,  and  to  serve  as  a  regulator  of  freight  rates;  but  experienced 
navigators  forecast  the  decav  of  the  system  in  moving  to  the  seaboard 
the  enormous  crops  of  the  West.  Within  the  past  five  years  it  has 
become  quite  common  to  see  direct  shipments  to  Europe  and  the  West 
Indies  coino-  throug^h  from  the  second-class  towns  along  the  Mississippi 

and  Missouri. 

As'  to  popular  education,  the  standard  has  of  late  risen  very  greatly, 
and  our  schools  would  be  creditable  to  any  section  of  the  Union. 

More  and  more  as  the  events  of  the  war  pass  into  obscurity  will  the 
fate  of  the  Northwest  be  linked  with  that  of  the  Southwest,  and  the 
next  Congressional  apportionment  will  give  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi 
absolute  control  of  the  legislation  of  the  nation,  and  do  much  toward 
securing  the  removal  of  the  Federal  capitol  to  some  more  central  location. 

Our  public  men  continue  to  wield  the  full  share  of  influence  pertain- 
ing to  their  rank  in  the  national  autonomy,  and  seem  not  to  forget  that 
for  the  past  sixteen  years  they  and  their  constituents  have  dictated  the 
principles  which  should  govern  the  country. 

In  a  work  like  this,  destined  to  lie  on  the  shelves  of  the  library  for 
generations,  and  not  doomed  to  daily  destruction  like  a  newspaper,  one 
can  not  indulge  in  the  same  glowing  predictions,  the  sanguine  statements 
of  actualities  that  fill  the  columns  of  ephemeral  publications.  Time  may 
bring  grief  to  the  pet  projects  of  a  writer,  and  explode  castles  erected  on 
a  pedestal  of  facts.     Yet  there  are  unmistakable  indications  before  us  of 


94 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


LAKE  BLUFF. 
The  frontage  of  Lake  Bluff  Grounds  on  Lake  Michigan,  with  one  hnndred  and  seventy  feet  of  gradual  ascent. 


HIGH  BRIDGE,  LAKE  BLrFF,  LAKE  COUNTY,  ILLINOIS. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  95 

the  same  radical  change  in  our  great  Northwest  which  characterizes  its 
history  for  the  past  thirty  years.  Our  domain  has  a  sort  of  natural 
geographical  border,  save  where  it  melts  away  to  the  southward  in  the 
cattle  raisins:  districts  of  the  southwest. 

Our  prime  interest  will  for  some  years  doubtless  be  the  growth  of 
the  food  of  the  world,  in  which  branch  it  has  already  outstripped  all 
competitors,  and  our  great  rival  in  this  duty  will  naturally  be  the  fertile 
plains  of  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Colorado,  to  say  nothing  of  the  new 
empire  so  rapidly  growing  up  in  Texas.  Over  these  regions  there  is  a 
continued  progress  in  agriculture  and  in  railwa}^  building,  and  we  must 
look  to  our  laurels.  Intelligent  observers  of  events  are  fully  aware  of 
the  strides  made  in  the  way  of  shipments  of  fresh  meats  to  Europe, 
many  of  these  ocean  cargoes  being  actually  slaughtered  in  the  West  and 
transported  on  ice  to  the  wharves  of  the  seaboard  cities.  That  this  new 
enterprise  will  continue  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt.  There  are  in 
Chicago  several  factories  for  the  canning  of  prepared  meats  for  European 
consumption,  and  the  orders  for  this  class  of  goods  are  already  immense. 
English  capital  is  becoming  daily  more  and  more  dissatisfied  with  railway 
loans  and  investments,  and  is  gradually  seeking  mammoth  outlays  in 
lands  and  live  stock.  The  stock  yards  in  Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  East 
St.  Louis  are  yearly  increasing  their  facilities,  and  their  plant  steadily 
grows  more  valuable.  Importations  of  blooded  animals  from  the  pro- 
gressive countries  of  Europe  are  destined  to  greatly  improve  the  qualit}- 
of  our  beef  and  mutton.  Nowhere  is  there  to  be  seen  a  more  enticing 
display  in  this  line  than  at  our  state  and  county  fairs,  and  the  interest 
in  the  matter  is  on  the  increase. 

To  attempt  to  give  statistics  of  our  grain  production  for  1877  would 
be  useless,  so  far  have  we  surpassed  ourselves  in  the  quantity  and 
quality  of  our  product.  We  are  too  liable  to  forget  that  we  are  giving 
the  world  its  first  article  of  necessity  —  its  food  supply.  An  opportunity 
to  learn  this  fact  so  it  never  can  be  forgotten  was  afforded  at  Chicago  at 
the  outbreak  of  the  great  panic  of  1873,  when  Canadian  purchasers, 
fearing  the  prostration  of  business  might  bring  about  an  anarchical  condition 
of  affairs,  went  to  that  city  with  coin  in  bulk  and  foreign  drafts  to  secure 
their  supplies  in  their  own  currency  at  first  hands.  It  may  be  justly 
claimed  by  the  agricultural  community  that  their  combined  efforts  gave 
the  nation  its  first  impetus  toward  a  restoration  of  its  crippled  industries, 
and  their  labor  brought  the  gold  premium  to  a  lower  depth  than  the 
government  was  able  to  reach  hy  its  most  intense  efforts  of  legislation 
and  compulsion.  The  hundreds  of  millions  about  to  be  disbursed  for 
farm  products  have  already,  by  the  anticipation  common  to  all  commercial 


96 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


nations,  set  the  wheels  in  motion,  and  will  relieve  us  from  the  perils  so 
long  shadowing  our  efforts  to  return  to  a  healthy  tone. 

"  Manufacturing  has  attained  in  the  chief  cities  a  foothold  which  bids 
fair  to  render  the  North\Yest  independent  of  the  outside  world.     Nearly 


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our  whole  region  has  a  distribution  of  coal  measures  which  will  in  time 
support  the  manufactures  necessary  to  our  comfort  and  prosperity.  As 
to  transportation,  the  chief  factor  in  the  production  of  all  articles  except- 
food,  no  section  is  so  magnificently  endowed,  and  our  facilities  are  yearly 
increasing  beyond  those  of  any  other  region. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  97 

The  period  from  a  central  point  of  the  war  to  the  outbreak  of  the 
panic  was  marked  by  a  tremendous  growth  in  our  railway  lines,  but  the 
depression  of  the  times  caused  almost  a  total  suspension  of  operations. 
Now  that  prosperity  is  returning  to  our  stricken  country  we  witness  its 
anticipation  by  the  railroad  interest  in  a  series  of  projects,  extensions, 
and  leases  which  bid  fair  to  largely  increase  our  transportation  facilities. 
The  process  of  foreclosure  and  sale  of  incumbered  lines  is  another  matter 
to  be  considered.  In  the  case  of  the  Illinois  Central  road,  which  formerly 
transferred  to  other  lines  at  Cairo  the  vast  burden  of  freight  destined  for 
the  Gulf  region,  we  now  see  the  incorporation  of  the  tracks  connecting 
through  to  New  Orleans,  every  mile  co-operating  in  turning  toward  the 
northwestern  metropolis  the  weight  of  the  inter-state  commerce  of  a 
thousand  miles  or  more  of  fertile  plantations.  Three  competing  routes 
to  Texas  have  established  in  Chicago  their  general  freight  and  passenger 
agencies.  Four  or  five  lines  compete  for  all  Pacific  freights  to  a  point  as 
as  far  as  the  interior  of  Nebraska.  Half  a  dozen  or  more  splendid  bridge 
structures  have  been  thrown  across  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  Rivers  by 
the  railways.  The  Chicago  and  Northwestern  line  has  become  an  aggre- 
gation of  over  two  thousand  miles  of  rail,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  is  its  close  rival  in  extent  and  importance.  The  three  lines 
running  to  Cairo  via  Vincennes  form  a  through  route  for  all  traffic  with 
the  states  to  the  southward.  The  chief  projects  now  under  discussion 
are  the  Chicago  and  Atlantic,  which  is  to  unite  with  lines  now  built  to 
Charleston,  and  the  Chicago  and  Canada  Southern,  which  Hue  will  con- 
nect with  all  the  various  branches  of  that  Canadian  enterprise.  Our 
latest  new  road  is  the  Chicago  and  Lake  Huron,  formed  of  three  lines, 
and  entering  the  city  from  Valparaiso  on  the  Pittsburgh.  Fort  Wayne 
and  Chicago  track.  The  trunk  lines  being  mainly  in  operation,  the 
progress  made  in  the  way  of  shortening  tracks,  making  air-line  branches, 
and  running  extensions  does  not  show  to  the  advantage  it  deserves,  as 
this  process  is  constantly  adding  new  facilities  to  the  established  order 
of  things.  The  panic  reduced  the  price  of  steel  to  a  point  where  the 
railways  could  hardly  afford  to  use  iron  rails,  and  all  our  northwestern 
lines  report  large  relays  of  Bessemer  track.  The  immense  crops  now 
being  moved  have  given  a  great  rise  to  the  value  of  railway  stocks,  and 
their  transportation  must  result  in  heavy  pecuniary  advantages. 

Few  are  aware  of  the  importance  of  the  wholesale  and  jobbing  trade 
of  Chicago.  One  leading  firm  has  since  the  panic  sold  824,000,000  of 
-  dry  goods  in  one  year,  and  they  now  expect  most  confidently  to  add 
seventy  per  cent,  to  the  figures  of  their  last  year's  business.  In  boots 
and  shoes  and  in  clothing,  twenty  or  more  great  firms  from  the  east  have 
placed  here  their  distributing  agents  or  their  factories  ;  and  in  groceries 


98 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


Chicago  supplies  the  entire  Northwest  at  rates  presenting  advantages 
over  New  York. 

Chicago  has  stepped  in  between  New  York  and  the  rural  banks  as  a 
financial  center,  and  scarcely  a  banking  institution  in  the  grain  or  cattle 
regions  but  keeps  its  reserve  funds  in  the  vaults  of  our  commercial  insti- 
tutions. Accumulating  here  throughout  the  spring  and  summer  months, 
they  are  summoned  home  at  pleasure  to  move  the  products  of  the 
prairies.  This  process  greatly  strengthens  the  northwest  in  its  financial 
operations,  leaving  home  capital  to  supplement  local  operations  on 
behalf  of  home  interests. 

It  is  impossible  to  forecast  the  destiny  of  this  grand  and  growing 
section  of  the  Union.  Figures  and  predictions  made  at  this  date  might 
seem   ten  years  hence   so  ludicrously  small  as  to  excite   only  derision. 


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ILLINOIS. 

Length,  380  miles,  mean  width  about  156  miles.    Area,  55,410  square 
miles,  or  35,462,400  acres.    Illinois,  as  regards  its  surface,  constitutes  a 
table-land  at  a  varying  elevation  ranging  between  350  and  800  feet  above 
the  sea  level ;  composed  of  extensive  and  highly  fertile  prairies  and  plains. 
Much  of  the  south  division  of  the  State,  especially  the  river-bottoms,  are 
thickly   wooded.     The   prairies,    too,    have  oasis-like    clumps    of  trees 
scattered  here   and   there   at  intervals.     The   chief  rivers  irrigating  the 
State  are  the  Mississippi — dividing  it  from  Iowa  and  Missouri — the  Ohio 
(forming  its  south  barrier),  the  Illinois,  Wabash,  Kaskaskia,  and  San- 
gamon, with   their  numerous  affluents.     The    total  extent  of  navigable 
streams  is  calculated  at  4,000  miles.     Small  lakes  are  scattered  over  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  State.     Illinois  is  extremely  prolific  in  minerals,  chiefly 
coal,  iron,  copper,  and  zinc   ores,  sulphur  and  limestone.     The  coal-field 
alone  is  estimated  to  absorb  a  full  third  of  the  entire  coal-deposit  of  North 
America.    Climate  tolerably  equable  and  healthy ;  the  mean  temperature 
standing  at  about  51°  Fahrenheit  As  an  agricultural  region,  Illinois  takes 
a  competitive  rank  with  neighboring  States,  the  cereals,  fruits,  and  root- 
crops  yielding  plentiful  returns  ;  in  fact,  as  a  grain-growing  State,  Illinois 
may  be  deemed,  in  proportion  to   her  size,  to  possess  a  greater  area  of 
lands  suitable  for  its  production  than  any  other  State  in  the  Union.    Stock- 
raising  is  also  largely  carried  on,  while  her  manufacturing  interests  in 
regard  of  woolen  fabrics,  etc.,  are  on  a  very  extensive  and  yearly  expand- 
ino-  scale.     The  lines  of  railroad  in  the  State  are  among  the  most  exten- 
sive  of   the   Union.      Inland    water-carriage    is  facilitated    by   a  canal 
connecting  the  Illinois  River  with  Lake  Michigan,  and  thence  with  the 
St.  Lawrence   and  Atlantic.     Illinois  is  divided  into  102  counties ;  the 
chief  towns  being  Chicago,  Springfield  (capital),  Alton,  Quincy,  Peoria, 
Galena,  Bloomington,  Rock  Island,  Vandalia,  etc.     By  the  new  Consti- 
tution, established  in  1870,  the  State  Legislature  consists  of  51  Senators, 
elected  for  four  years,  and  153   Representatives,  for  two  years ;  which 
numbers  were  to  be   decennially  increased  thereafter  to  the  number  of 
six  per   every    additional    half-millicn    of    inhabitants.     Religious    and 
educational  institutions  are  largely  diffused  throughout,  and  are  in  a  ver}^ 
fiourishino:  condition.     Illinois  has  a  State  Lunatic  and  a  Deaf  and  Dumb 
Asylum  at  Jacksonville  ;  a  State  Penitentiary  at  Joliet ;  and  a  Home  for 

(99) 


100 


THE    NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


Soldiers'  Orphans  at  Normal.  On  November  30,  1870,  the  public  debt  of 
the  State  was  returned  at  $4,870,937,  with  a  balance  of  $1,808,833 
unprovided  for.  At  the  same  period  the  value  of  assessed  and  equalized 
property  presented  the  following  totals :  assessed,  $840,031,703 ;  equal- 
ized $480,664,058.  The  name  of  Illinois,  through  nearly  the  whole  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  embraced  most  of  the  known  regions  north  and 
west  of  Ohio.  French  colonists  established  themselves  in  1673,  at 
Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia,  and  the  territory  of  which  these  settlements 
formed  the  nucleus  was,  in  1763,  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  conjunction 
with  Canada,  and  ultimately  resigned  to  the  United  States  in  1787. 
Illinois  entered  the  Union  as  a  State,  December  3,  1818;  and  now  sends 
19  Representatives  to  Congress.     Population,  2,539,891,  in  1870. 


^    WESTERN    DWELLING. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  lUl 


INDIANA 


The  profile  of  Indiana  forms  a  nearly  exact  parallelogram,  occupy- 
ing one  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  the  great  Mississippi  Valley.  The 
greater  extent  of  the  surface  embraced  within  its  limits  consists  of  gentle 
undulations  rising  into  hilly  tracts  toward  the  Ohio  bottom.  The  chief 
rivers  of  the  State  are  the  Ohio  and  Wabash,  with  their  numerous 
affluents.  The  soil  is  highly  productive  of  the  cereals  and  grasses — most 
particularly  so  in  the  valleys  of  the  Ohio,  Wabash,  Whitewater,  and 
White  Rivers.  The  northeast  and  central  portions  are  well  timbered 
with  virgin  forests,  and  the  west  section  is  notably  rich  in  coal,  constitut- 
ing an  offshoot  of  the  great  Illinois  carboniferous  field.  Iron,  copper, 
marble,  slate,  gypsum,  and  various  clays  are  also  abundant.  From  an 
agricultural  point  of  view,  the  staple  products  are  maize  and  wheat,  with 
the  other  cereals  in  lesser  yields  ;  and  besides  these,  flax,  hemp,  sorghum, 
hops,  etc.,  are  extensively  raised.  Indiana  is  divided  into  92  counties, 
and  counts  among  her  principal  cities  and  towns,  those  of  Indianapolis 
Ctlie  capital),  Fort  Wayne,  Evansville,  Terre  Haute,  Madison,  Jefferson- 
ville,  Columbus,  Vincennes,  South  Bend,  etc.  The  public  institutions  of 
the  State  are  many  and  various,  and  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  and 
efficiency  commensurate  with  her  important  political  and  industrial  status. 
Upward  of  two  thousand  miles  of  railroads  permeate  the  State  in  all 
directions,  and  greatly  conduce  to  the  development  of  her  expanding 
manufacturing  interests.  Statistics  for  the  fiscal  year  terminating 
October  31,  1870,  exhibited  a  total  of  receipts,  $3, 896,541  as  against  dis- 
bursements, $3,532,406,  leaving  a  balance,  $364,135  in  favor  of  the  State 
Treasury.  The  entire  public  debt,  January  5,  1871,  $3,971,000.  This 
State  was  first  settled  by  Canadian  voyageurs  in  1702,  who  erected  a  fort 
at  Vincennes ;  in  1763  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and  was 
by  the  latter  ceded  to  the  United  States  in  1783.  From  1788  till  1791, 
an  Indian  ware  fare  prevailed.  In  1800,  all  the  region  west  and  north  of 
Ohio  (then  formed  into  a  distinct  territory)  became  merged  in  Indiana. 
In  1809,  the  present  limits  of  the  State  were  defined,  Michigan  and 
Illinois  having  previously  been  withdrawn.  In  1811,  Indiana  was  the 
theater  of  the  Indian  War  of  Tecumseh,  ending  with  the  decisive  battle 
of  Tippecanoe.  In  1816  (December  11),  Indiana  became  enrolled  among 
the  States  of  the  American  Union.  In  1834,  the  State  passed  through  a 
monetary  crisis  owing  to  its  having  become  mixed  up  with  railroad, 
f;anal,  and  other  speculations  on  a  gigantic  scale,  which  ended,  for  the 
time  being,  in  a  general  collapse  of  public  credit,  and  consequent  bank- 
ruptcy.    Since   that  time,  however,  the  greater  number  of  the  public 


102  THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 

works  which  had  brought  about  that  imbroglio  —  especially  the  great 
Wabash  and  Erie  Canal  —  have  been  completed,  to  the  great  benefit  of 
the  State,  whose  subsequent  progress  has  year  by  year  been  marked  by 
rapid  strides  in  the  paths  of  wealth,  commerce,  and  general  social  and 
political  prosperity.  The  constitution  now  in  force  was  adopted  in  1851. 
Population,  1,680,637. 


IOWA. 

In  shape,  Iowa  presents  an  almost  perfect  parallelogram ;  has  a 
length,  north  to  south,  of  about  300  miles,  by  a  pretty  even  width  of  208 
miles,  and  embraces  an  area  of  55,045  square  miles,  or  35,228,800  acres. 
The  surface  of  the  State  is  generally  undulating,  rising  toward  the 
middle  into  an  elevated  plateau  which  forms  the  "divide"  of  the 
Missouri  and  Mississippi  basins.  Rolling  prairies,  especially  in  the  south 
section,  constitute  a  regnant  feature,  and  the  river  bottoms,  belted  with 
woodlands,  present  a  soil  of  the  richest  alluvion.  Iowa  is  well  watered  ; 
the  principal  rivers  being  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  which  form 
respectively  its  east  and  west  limits,  and  the  Cedar,  Iowa,  and  Des 
Moines,  affluents  of  the  first  named.  Mineralogically,  Iowa  is  important 
as  occupying  a  section  of  the  great  Northwest  coal  field,  to  the  extent  of 
an  area  estimated  at  25,000  square  miles.  Lead,  copper,  zinc,  and  iron, 
are  also  mined  in  considerable  quantities.  The  soil  is  well  adapted  to 
the  production  of  wheat,  maize,  and  the  other  cereals  ;  fruits,  vegetables, 
and  esculent  roots;  maize,  wheat,  and  oats  forming  the  chief  staples. 
Wine,  tobacco,  hops,  and  wax,  are  other  noticeable  items  of  the  agricul- 
tural yield.  Cattle-raising,  too,  is  a  branch  of  rural  industry  largely 
engaged  in.  The  climate  is  healthy,  although  liable  to  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.  The  annual  gross  product  of  the  various  manufactures  carried 
on  in  this  State  approximate,  in  round  numbers,  a  sum  of  $20,000,000. 
Iowa  has  an  immense  railroad  system,  besides  over  500  miles  of  water- 
communication  by  means  of  its  navigable  rivers.  The  State  is  politically 
divided  into  99  counties,  with  the  following  centers  of  population  :  Des 
Moines  (capital),  Iowa  City  (former  capital),  Dubuque,  Davenport,  Bur- 
lington, Council  Bluffs,  Keokuk,  Muscatine,  and  Cedar  Rapids.  The 
State  institutions  of  Iowa — religious,  scholastic,  and  philanthropic  —  are 
on  a  par,  as  regards  number  and  perfection  of  organization  and  operation, 
with  those  of  her  Northwest  sister  States,  and  education  is  especially 
well  cared  for,  and  largely  diffused.  Iowa  formed  a  portion  of  the 
American  territorial  acquisitions  from  France,  bv  the  so-called  Louisiana 
purchase  in  1 803,  and  was  politically  identified  with  Louisiana  till  1812» 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY.  103 

when  it  merged  into  the  Missouri  Territory;  in  1834  it  came  under  the 
Michigan  organization,  and,  in  1836,  under  that  of  Wisconsin.  Finally, 
after  being  constituted  an  independent  Territory,  it  became  a  State  of 
the  Union,  December  28,  1846.  Population  in  1860,  674,913  ;  in  1870, 
1,191,792,  and  in  1875,  1,353,118. 


MICHIGAN. 

United  area,  56,243  square  miles,  or  35,995,520  acres.  Extent  of  the 
Upper  and  smaller  Peninsula  —  length,  316  miles;  breadth,  fluctuating 
between  36  and  120  miles.  The  south  division  is  416  miles  long,  by  from 
50  to  300  miles  wide.  Aggregate  lake-shore  line,  1,400  miles.  The 
Upper,  or  North,  Peninsula  consists  chiefly  of  an  elevated  j)lateau, 
expanding  into  the  Porcupine  mountain-system,  attaining  a  maximum 
height  of  some  2,000  feet.  Its  shores  along  Lake  Superior  are  eminently 
bold  and  picturesque,  and  its  area  is  rich  in  minerals,  its  product  of 
copper  constituting  an  important  source  of  industry.  Both  divisions  are 
heavily  wooded,  and  the  South  one,  in  addition,  boasts  of  a  deep,  rich, 
loamy  soil,  throwing  up  excellent  crops  of  cereals  and  other  agricultural 
produce.  The  climate  is  generally  mild  and  humid,  though  the  Winter 
colds  are  severe.  The  chief  staples  of  farm  husbandry  include  the  cereals, 
grasses,  maple  sugar,  sorghum,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  dairj'-stuffs.  In  1870, 
the  acres  of  land  in  farms  were  :  improved,  5,096,939 ;  unimproved 
woodland,  4,080,146  ;  other  unimproved  land,  842,057.  The  cash  value 
of  land  was  $398,240,578 ;  of  farming  implements  and  machinery, 
$13,711,979.  In  1869,  there  were  shipped  from  the  Lake  Superior  ports, 
874,582  tons  of  iron  ore,  and  45,762  of  smelted  pig,  along  with  14,188 
tons  of  copper  (ore  and  ingot).  Coal  is  another  article  largely  mined. 
Inland  communication  is  provided  for  by  an  admirably  organized  railroad 
system,  and  by  the  St.  Mary's  Ship  Canal,  connecting  Lakes  Huron  and 
Superior.  Michigan  is  politically  divided  into  78  counties ;  its  chief 
urban  centers  are  Detroit,  Lansing  (capital),  Ann  Arbor,  Marquette, 
Bay  City,  Niles,  Ypsilanti,  Grand  Haven,  etc.  The  Governor  of  the 
State  is  elected  biennially.  On  November  30, 1870,  the  aggregate  bonded 
debt  of  Michigan  amounted  to  $2,385,028,  and  the  assessed  valuation  of 
land  to  $266,929,278,  representing  an  estimated  cash  value  of  $800,000,000. 
Education  is  largely  diffused  and  most  excellently  conducted  and  pro- 
vided for.  The  State  University  at  Ann  Arbor,  the  colleges  of  Detroit 
and  Kalamazoo,  the  Albion  Female  College,  the  State  Normal  School  at 
Ypsilanti,  and  the  State  Agricultural  College  at  Lansing,  are  chief  among 
the  academic  institutions.     Michigan  (a  term  of  Chippeway  origin,  and 


104  THE   NORXaWEST    TERRITORY. 

signifying  "  Great  Lake),  was  discovered  and  first  settled  by  French 
Canadians,  who,  in  1670,  founded  Detroit,  the  pioneer  of  a  series  of  trad- 
ing-posts on  the  Indian  frontier.  During  the  "  Conspiracy  of  Pontiac," 
following  the  French  loss  of  Canada,  Michigan  became  the  scene  of  a 
sanguinary  struggle  between  the  whites  aijd  aborigines.  In  1796,.  it 
became  annexed  to  the  United  States,  which  incorporated  this  region 
with  the  Xorthwest  Territory,  and  then  with  Indiana  Territory,  till  1803, 
when  it  became  territorially  independent.  Michigan  was  the  theater  of 
warlike  operations  during  the  war  of  1812  with  Great  Britain,  and  in 
1819  was  authorized  to  be  represented  by  one  delegate  in  Congress  ;  in 
1837  she  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  and  in  1869  ratified  the 
loth  Amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution.     Population,  1,181,039. 


WISCONSIN. 

It  has  a  mean  length  of  260  miles,  and  a  maximum  breadth  of  215. 
Land  area,  53,921  square  miles,  or  34,511,860  acres.  Wisconsin  lies  at  a 
considerable  altitude  above  sea-level,  and  consists  for  the  most  part  of  an 
upland  plateau,  the  surface  of  which  is  undulating  and  very  generally 
diversified.  Numerous  local  eminences  called  mounds  are  interspersed 
over  the  State,  and  the  Lake  Michigan  coast-line  is  in  many  parts  char- 
acterized by  lofty  escarped  cliffs,  even  as  on  the  west  side  the  banks  of 
the  Mississippi  form  a  series  of  high  and  picturesque  bluffs.  A  group  of 
islands  known  as  The  Apostles  lie  off  the  extreme  north  point  of  the 
State  in  Lake  Superior,  and  the  great  estuary  of  Green  Bay,  running  far 
inland,  gives  formation  to  a  long,  narrow  peninsula  between  its  waters 
and  those  of  Lake  Michigan.  The  river-system  of  Wisconsin  has  three 
outlets  —  those  of  Lake  Superior,  Green  Bay,  and  the  Mississippi,  which 
latter  stream  forms  the  entire  southwest  frontier,  widening  at  one  point 
into  the  large  watery  expanse  called  Lake  Pepin.  Lake  Superior  receives 
the  St.  Louis,  Burnt  Wood,  and  Montreal  Rivers;  Green  Bay,  the 
Menomouee,  Peshtigo,  Oconto,  and  Fox;  while  into  the  Mississippi 
empty  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Black,  Wisconsin,  and  Rock  Rivers. 
The  chief  interior  lakes  are  those  of  Winnebago,  Horicon,  and  Court 
Oreilles.  and  smaller  sheets  of  water  stud  a  great  part  of  the  surface. 
The  climate  is  healthful,  with  cold  Winters  and  brief  but  very  warm 
Summers.  Mean  annual  rainfall  31  inches.  The  geological  system 
represented  by  the  State,  embraces  those  rocks  included  between  the 
primary  and  the  Devonian  series,  the  former  containing  extensive 
deposits  of  copper  and  iron  ore.  Besides  these  minerals,  lead  and  zinc 
are  found  in  great  quantities,  together  with  kaolin,  plumbago,  gypsum, 


^4 


THE   NORTH^VEST    TERRITORY.  105 

and  various  clays.  Mining,  consequently,  forms  a  prominent  industry, 
and  one  of  yearly  increasing  dimensions.  The  soil  of  Wisconsin  is  of 
varying  quality,  but  fertile  on  the  whole,  and  in  the  north  parts  of  the 
State  heavily  timbered.  The  agricultural  yield  comprises  the  cereals, 
together  with  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  pulse,  sorgum,  and  all  kinds  of  vege- 
tables, and  of  the  hardier  fruits.  In  1870,  the  State  had  a  total  number 
of  102,904  farms,  occupying  11,715,321  acres,  of  which  5,899,343  con- 
sisted of  improved  land,  and  3,437,442  were  timbered.  Cash  value  of 
farms,  8300,414,064  ;  of  farm  implements  and  machinery,  $14,239,364. 
Total  estimated  value  of  all  farm  products,  including  betterments  and 
additions  to  stock,  $78,027,032  ;  of  orchard  and  dairy  stuffs,  81,045,933  ; 
of  lumber,  81,327,618 ;  of  home  manufactures,  8338,423  ;  of  all  live-stock, 
845,310,882.  Number  of  manufacturing  establishments,  7,136,  employ- 
ing 39,055  hands,  and  turning  out  productions  valued  at  885,624,966. 
The  political  divisions  of  the  State  form  61  counties,  and  the  chief  places 
of  wealth,  trade,  and  population,  are  Madison  (the  capital),  Milwaukee, 
Fond  du  Lac,  Oshkosh,  Prairie  du  Chien,  Janesville,  Portage  City, 
Racine,  Kenosha,  and  La  Crosse.  In  1870,  the  total  assessed  valuation 
reached  8333,209,838,  as  against  a  true  valuation  of  both  real  and  personal 
estate  aggregating  8602,207,329.  Treasury  receipts  during  1870,  8886,- 
696  ;  disbursements,  8906,329.  Value  of  church  property,  84,749,983. 
Education  is  amply  provided  for.  Independently  of  the  State  University 
at  Madison,  and  those  of  Galesville  and  of  Lawrence  at  Appleton.  and 
the  colleges  of  Beloit,  Racine,  and  Milton,  there  are  Normal  Schools  at 
Platteville  and  Whitewater.  The  State  is  divided  into  4,802  common 
school  districts,  maintained  at  a  cost,  in  1870,  of  82,094,160.  The  chari- 
table institutions  of  Wisconsin  include  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum,  an 
Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind,  and  a  Soldiers"  Orphans*  School. 
In  January,  1870,  the  railroad  system  ramified  throughout  the  State 
totalized  2,779  miles  of  track,  including  several  lines  far  advanced  toward 
completion.  Immigration  is  successfully  encouraged  by  the  State  author- 
ities, the  larger  number  of  yearly  new-comers  being  of  Scandinavian  and 
German  origin.  The  territory  now  occupied  within  the  limits  of  the 
State  of  Wisconsin  was  explored  by  French  missionaries  and  traders  in 
1639,  and  it  remained  under  French  jurisdiction  until  1703.  when  it 
became  annexed  to  the  British  North  American  possessions.  In  1796,  it 
reverted  to  the  United  States,  the  government  of  which  latter  admitted 
it  within  the  limits  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1809,  attached  it 
to  that  of  Illinois,  and  to  Michigan  in  1818.  Wisconsin  became  independ- 
ently territorially  organized  in  1836,  and  became  a  State  of  the  L'nion, 
March  3,  1847.  Population  in  1870,  1,064,985,  of  which  2,113  were  of 
the  colored  race,  and  11,521  Indians.  1,206  of  the  latter  being  out  of 
tribal  relations. 


106 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


MINNESOTA 


Its  length,  north  to  south,  embraces  an  extent  of  380  miles ;  its 
breadth  one  of  250  miles  at  a  maximum.  Area,  84,000  square  miles,  or 
54,760,000  acres.  The  surface  of  Minnesota,  generally  speaking,  con- 
sists of  a  succession  of  gently  undulating  plains  and  prairies,  drained  by 
an  admirable  water-system,  and  with  here  and  there  heavil}^- timbered 
bottoms  and  belts  of  virgin  forest.  The  soil,  corresponding  with  such  a 
superfices,  is  exceptionally  rich,  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  a  dark, 
calcareous  sandy  drift  intermixed  with  loam.  A  distinguishing  physical 
feature  of  this  State  is  its  riverine  ramifications,  expanding  in  nearly 
every  part  of  it  into  almost  innumerable  lakes — the  whole  presenting  an 
aggregate  of  water-power  having  hardly  a  rival  in  the  Union.  Besides 
the  Mississippi  —  which  here  has  its  rise,  and  drains  a  basin  of  800  miles 
of  country  —  the  principal  streams  are  the  Minnesota  (334  miles  long), 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  the  St.  Croix,  St.  Louis,  and  many  others  of 
lesser  importance  ;  the  chief  lakes  are  those  called  Red,  Cass,  Leech, 
Mille  Lacs,  Vermillion,  and  WinibigoSh.  Quite  a  concatenation  of  sheets 
of  water  fringe  the  frontier  line  where  Minnesota  joins  British  America, 
culminating  in  the  Lake  of  the  Woods.  It  has  been  estimated,  that  of 
an  area  of  1,200,000  acres  of  surface  between  the  St.  Croix  and  Mis- 
sissippi Rivers,  not  less  than  73,000  acres  are  of  lacustrine  formation.  In 
point  of  minerals,  the  resources  of  Minnesota  have  as  yet  been  very 
imperfectly  developed  ;  iron,  copper,  coal,  lead  —  all  these  are  known  to 
exist  in  considerable  deposits  ;  together  with  salt,  hmestone,  and  potter's 
clay.  The  agricultural  outlook  of  the  State  is  in  a  high  degree  satis- 
factory ;  wheat  constitutes  the  leading  cereal  in  cultivation,  with  Indian 
corn  and  oats  in  next  order?  Fruits  and  vegetables  are  grown  in  great 
plenty  and  of  excellent  quality.  The  lumber  resources  of  Minnesota  are 
important ;  the  pine  forests  in  the  north  region  alone  occupying  an  area 
of  some  21,000  square  miles,  which  in  1870  produced  a  return  of  scaled 
logs  amounting  to  313,116,416  feet.  The  natural  industrial  advantages 
possessed  by  Minnesota  are  largely  improved  upon  by  a  railroad  system. 
The  political  divisions  of  this  State  number  78  counties ;  of  which  the 
chief  cities  and  towns  are  :  St.  Paul  (the  capital),  Stillwater,  Red  Wing, 
St.  Anthony,  Fort  Snelling,  Minneapolis,  and  Mankato.  Minnesota  has 
already  assumed  an  attitude  of  high  importance  as  a  manufacturing  State  ; 
this  is  mainly  due  to  the  wonderful  command  of  water-power  she  pos- 
sesses, as  before  spoken  of.  Besides  her  timber-trade,  the  milling  of 
flour,  the  distillation  of  whisky,  and  the  tanning  of  leather,  are  prominent 
interests,  which,  in  1869,  gave  returns  to  the  amount  of  $14,831,043. 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


10' 


Education  is  notably  provided  for  on  a  broad  and  catholic  scale,  the 
entire  amount  expended  scholastically  during  the  year  1870  being  $851,' 
816  ;  while  on  November  30  of  the  preceding  year  the  permanent  school 
fund  stood  at  $2,476,222.  Besides  a  University  and  Agricultural  College, 
Normal  and  Reform  Schools  flourish,  and  with  these  may  be  mentioned 
such  various  philanthropic  and  religious  institutions  as  befit  the  needs  of 
an  intelligent  and  prosperous  community.  The  finances  of  the  State  for 
the  fiscal  year  terminating  December  1,  1870,  exhibited  a  balance  on  the 
right  side  to  the  amount  of  |136,164,  being  a  gain  of  144,000  over  the 
previous  year's  figures.  The  earliest  exploration  of  Minnesota  by  the 
whites  was  made  in  1680  by  a  French  Franciscan,  Father  Hennepin,  who 
gave  the  name  of  St.  Antony  to  the  Great  Falls  on  the  Upper  Missisippi. 
In  1763,  the  Treaty  of  Versailles  ceded  this  region  to  England. 
Twenty  years  later,  Minnesota  formed  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory 
transferred  to  the  United  States,  and  became  herself  territorialized  inde- 
pendently in  1849.  Indian  cessions  in  1851  enlarged  her  boundaries,  and, 
May  11,  1857,  Minnesota  became  a  unit  of  the  great  American  federation 
of  States.     Population,  439,706. 


NEBRASKA. 

Maximum  length,  412  miles;  extreme  breadth,  208  miles.  Area, 
75,905  square  miles,  or  48,636,800  acres.  The  surface  of  this  State  is 
almost  entirely  undulating  prairie,  and  forms  part  of  the  west  slope  of 
the  great  central  basin  of  the  North  American  Continent.  In  its  west 
division,  near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  a  sandy  belt  of 
country,  irregularly  defined.  In  this  part,  too,  are  the  "  dunes,"  resem- 
bling a  wavy  sea  of  sandy  billows,  as  well  as  the  Mauvaises  Terres.  a  tract 
of  singular  formation,  produced  by  eccentric  disintegrations  and  denuda- 
tions of  the  land.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  constituting  its  en- 
tire east  line  of  demarcation ;  the  Nebraska  or  Platte,  the  Niobrara,  the 
Republican  Fork  of  the  Kansas,  the  Elkhorn,  and  the  Loup  Fork  of  the 
Platte.  The  soil  is  very  various,  but  consisting  chiefly  of  rich,  bottomy 
loam,  admirably  adapted  to  the  raising  of  heavy  crops  of  cereals.  All 
the  vegetables  and  fruits  of  the  temperate  zone  are  produced  in  great 
size  and  plenty.  For  grazing  purposes  Nebraska  is  a  State  exceptionally 
well  fitted,  a  region  of  not  less  than  23,000,000  acres  being  adaptable  to 
this  branch  of  husbandry.  It  is  believed  that  the,  as  yet,  comparatively 
infertile  tracts  of  land  found  in  various,  parts  of  the  State  are  susceptible 
of  productivity  by  means  of  a  properly  conducted  system  of  irrigation. 
Few  minerals  of  moment  have   so  far  been  found  within  the  limits  of 


-f 


108 


THE   NORTHWEST   TERRITORY. 


Nebraska,  if  we  may  except  important  saline  deposits  at  the  head  of  Salt 
Creek  in  its  southeast  section.  The  State  is  divided  into  67  counties, 
independent  of  the  Pawnee  and  Winnebago  Indians,  and  of  unorganized 
territory  in  the  northwest  part.  The  principal  towns  are  Omaha,  Lincoln 
(State  capital),  Nebraska  City,  Columbus,  Grand  Island,  etc.  In  1870, 
the  total  assessed  value  of  property  amounted  to  $53,000,000,  being  an 
increase  of  $11,000,000  over  the  previous  year's  returns.  The  total 
amount  received  from  the  school-fund  during  the  year  1869-70  was 
$77,999.  Education  is  making  great  onward  strides,  the  State  University 
and  an  Agricultural  College  being  far  advanced  toward  completion.  In 
the  matter  of  railroad  communication,  Nebraska  bids  fair  to  soon  place 
herself  on  a  par  with  her  neighbors  to  the  east.  Besides  being  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  line,  with  its  off-shoot,  the  Fremont  and  Blair, 
other  tracks  are  in  course  of  rapid  construction.  Organized  by  Con- 
gressional Act  into  a  Territory,  May  30,  1854,  Nebraska  entered  the 
Union  as  a  full  State,  March  1,  1867.     Population,  122,993. 


HTTXTTXG    PRATHIE    WOLVES    IX    AX    EAKLY    DAY. 


Early  History  of  Illinois. 


The  name  of  this  beautiful  Prairie  State  is  derived  from  Illim^  a 
Delaware  word  signifying  Superior  Men.  It  has  a  French  termination^ 
and  is  a  symbol  of  how  the  two  races — the  French  and  the  Indians — 
were  intermixed  during  the  early  history  of  the  country. 

The  appellation  was  no  doubt  well  applied  to  the  primitive  inhabit- 
ants of  the  soil  whose  prowess  in  savage  warfare  long  withstood  the 
combined  attacks  of  the  fierce  Iroquois  on  the  one  side,  and  the  no  less 
savage  and  relentless  Sacs  and  Foxes  on  the  other.  The  Illinois  were 
once  a  powerful  confederacy,  occupying  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile 
region  in  the  great  Valley  of  the  Mississippi,  which  their  enemies,  coveted 
and  struggled  long  and  hard  to  wrest  from  them.  By  the  fortunes  of 
war  they  were  diminished  in  numbers,  and  finally  destroyed.  "  Starved 
Rock,"  on  the  Illinois  River,  according  to  tradition,  commemorates  their 
last  tragedy,  where,  it  is  said,  the  entire  tribe  starved  rather  than  sur- 
render. 

EARLY   DISCOVERIES. 

The  first  European  discoveries  in  Illinois  date  back  over  two  hun- 
dred years.  They  are  a  part  of  that  movement  which,  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  brought  the  French 
Canadian  missionaries  and  fur  traders  into  the  Valley  of  the  Mississippi, 
and  which,  at  a  later  period,  established  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical 
authority  of  France  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  from  the  foot-hills  of  the  Alleghanies  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

The  great  river  of  the  West  had  been  discovered  by  DeSoto,  the 
Spanish  conqueror  of  Florida,  three  quarters  of  a  century  before  the 
French  founded  Quebec  in  1608,  but  the  Spanish  left  the  country  a  wil- 
derness, without  further  exploration  or  settlement  within  its  borders,  in 
which  condition  it  remained  until  the  Mississippi  was  discovered  bj'  the 
agents  of  the  French  Canadian  governmeut,  Joliet  and  Marquette,  in  1673. 
These  renowned  explorers  were  not  the  first  white  visitors  to  Illinois. 
In  1671 — two  vears  in  advance  of  them — came  Nicholas  Perrot  to  Chicago 
He  had  been  sent  by  Talon  as  an  agent  of  the  Canadian  government  tc 

109 


110 


HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE   OF    ILLINOIS. 


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HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  HiLINOIS. 


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call  a  great  peace  convention  of  Western  Indians  at  Green  Bay,  prepara- 
tory to  the  movement  for  the  discovery  of  the  Mississippi.  It  was 
deemed  a  good  stroke  of  policy  to  secure,  as  far  as  possible,  the  friend- 
ship and  co-operation  of  the  Indians,  far  and  near,  before  venturing  upon 
an  enterprise  which  their  hostility  might  render  disastrous,  and  which 
their  friendship  and  assistance  would  do  so  much  to  make  successful ; 
and  to  this  end  Perrot  was  sent  to  call  together  in  council  the  tribes 
throughout  the  Northwest,  and  to  promise  them  the  commerce  and  pro- 
tection of  the  French  government.  He  accordingly  arrived  at  Green 
Bay  in  1671,  and  procuring  an  escort  of  Pottawattamies,  proceeded  in  a 
bark  canoe  upon  a  visit  to  the  Miamis,  at  Chicago.  Perrot  was  there- 
fore the  first  European  to  set  foot  upon  the  soil  of  Illinois. 

Still  there  were  others  before  Marquette.  In  1672,  the  Jesuit  mis- 
sionaries, Fathers  Claude  Allouez  and  Claude  Dablon,  bore  the  standard 
of  the  Cross  from  their  mission  at  Green  Bay  through  western  Wisconsin 
and  northern  Illinois,  visiting  the  Foxes  on  Fox  River,  and  the  Masquo- 
tines  and  Kickapoos  at  the  mouth  of  the  Milwaukee.  These  missionaries 
penetrated  on  the  route  afterwards  followed  by  Marquette  as  far  as  the 
Kickapoo  village  at  the  head  of  Lake  Winnebago,  where  Marquette,  in 
his  journey,  secured  guides  across  the  portage  to  the  Wisconsin. 

The    oft-repeated   story  of    Marquette    and   Joliet  is  well   known. 
They  were  the  agents  employed  by  the  Canadian  government  to  discover 
the  Mississippi.      Marquette  was  a  native  of  France,  born  in  1637,  a 
Jesuit  priest  by  education,  and  a  man  of  simple  faith  and  of  great  zeal  and 
devotion  in  extending  the   Roman  Catholic  religion  among  the  Indians. 
Arriving  in  Canada  in    1666,  he  was  sent  as  a  missionary  to  the  far 
Northwest,  and,  in  1668,  founded  a  mission  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie.     The 
following  year  he  moved  to  La    Pointe,  in  Lake   Superior,   where  he 
instructed  a  branch  of  the  Hurons  till  1670,  when  he  removed  south,  and 
founded  the  mission  at  St.  Ignace,  on  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw.     Here 
he  remained,  devoting  a  portion  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  the  Illinois 
language  under  a  native  teacher  who  had  accompanied  him  to  the  mission 
from  La  Pointe,  till  he  was  joined  by  Joliet  in  the  Spring  of  1673.     By 
the  way  of  Green  Bay  and  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers,  they  entered 
the  Mississippi,  which  they  explored  to  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  and 
returned  by  the  way  of  the  Illinois  and  Chicago  Rivers  to  Lake  Michigan. 
On  his  way  up  the  Illinois,  Marquette  visited  the  great  village  of 
the  Kaskaskias,  near  what  is  now  Utica,  in  the  county  of  LaSalle.     The 
following  year  he  returned  and  established  among  them  the  mission  of 
the  Imm'aculate  Virgin  Mary,  which  was  the  first  Jesuit  mission  founded 
in  Illinois  and  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.      The  intervening  winter  he 
had  spent  in  a  hut  which  his  companions  erected  on  the  Chicago  River,  a 
few  leagues  from  its  mouth.     The  founding  of  this  mission  was  the  last 


112  HISTORl    OF  THE  STATE  OF   ILLINOIS. 

act  of  Marquette's  life.     He  died  in  Michigan,  on  his  way  back  to  GreeD 
Bay,  May  18,  1675. 

FIRST  FRENCH  OCCUPATION. 

The  first  French  occupation  of  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Illi- 
nois was  effected  by  LaSalle  in  1680,  seven  years  after  the  time  of  Mar- 
quette and  Joliet.  LaSalle,  having  constructed  a  vessel,  the  "  Griffin,'* 
above  the  falls  of  Niagara,  which  he  sailed  to  Green  Bay,  and  having 
passed  thence  in  canoes  to  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  by  which 
and  the  Kankakee  he  reached  the  Illinois,  in  January,  1680,  erected  Fort 
Crevecoeur^  at  the  lower  end  of  Peoria  Lake,  where  the  city  of  Peoria  is. 
now  situated.  The  place  where  this  ancient  fort  stood  may  still  be  seen 
just  below  the  outlet  of  Peoria  Lake.  It  was  destined,  however,  to  a. 
temporary  existence.  From  this  point,  LaSalle  determined  to  descend 
the  Mississippi  to  its  mouth,  but  did  not  accomplish  this  purpose  till  two 
years  later — in  1682.  Returning  to  Fort  Frontenac  for  the  purpose  of 
getting  materials  with  which  to  rig  his  vessel,  he  left  the  fort  in  charge  of 
Touti,  his  lieutenant,  who  during  his  absence  was  driven  off  by  the  Iro- 
quois Indians.  These  savages  had  made  a  raid  upon  the  settlement  of 
the  Illinois,  and  had  left  nothing  in  their  track  but  ruin  and  desolation. 
Mr.  Davidson,  in  his  History  of  Illinois,  gives  the  following  graphic 
account  of  the  picture  that  met  the  eyes  of  LaSalle  and  his  companions 
on  their  return  : 

"  At  the  great  town  of  the  Illinois  they  were  appalled  at  the  scene 
which  opened  to  their  view.  No  hunter  appeared  to  break  its  death-like 
silence  with  a  salutatory  whoop  ot  welcome.  The  plain  on  which  the 
town  had  stood  was  now  strewn  with  charred  fragments  of  lodges,  which 
had  so  recently  swarmed  with  savage  life  and  hilarity.  To  render  more 
hideous  the  picture  of  desolation,  large  numbers  of  skulls  had  been 
placed  on  the  upper  extremities  of  lodge-poles  which  had  escaped  the 
devouring  flames.  In  the  midst  of  these  horrors  was  the  rude  fort  of 
the  spoilers,  rendered  frightful  by  the  same  ghastly  relics.  A  near 
approach  showed  that  the  graves  had  been  robbed  of  their  bodies,  and 
swarms  of  buzzards  were  discovered  glutting  their  loathsome  stomachs 
on  the  reeking  corruption.  To  complete  the  work  of  destruction,  the 
growing  corn  of  the  village  had  been  cut  down  and  burned,  while  the 
pits  containing  the  products  of  previous  years,  had  been  rifled  and  their 
contents  scattered  with  wanton  waste.  It  was  evident  the  suspected 
blow  of  the  Iroquois  had  fallen  with  relentless  fury." 

Tonti  had  escaped  LaSalle  knew  not  whither.  Passing  down  the 
lake  in  search  of  him  and  his  men,  LaSalle  discovered  that  the  fort  had 
been   destroyed,  but   the   vessel  which  he  had  partly  constructed   was   still 


I 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  113 

on  the  stocks,  and  but  slightly  mjured.  After  further  fruitless  search, 
failing  to  find  Tonti,  he  fastened  to  a  tree  a  painting  representing  himself 
iind  party  sitting  in  a  canoe  and  bearing  a  pipe  of  peace,  and  to  the  paint- 
ing attached  a  letter  addressed  to  Tonti. 

Tonti  had  escaped,  and,  after  untold  privations,  taken  shelter  among 
the  Pottawattamies  near  Green  Bay.  These  were  friendly  to  the  French. 
One  of  their  old  chiefs  used  to  say,  "  Th^re  were  but  three  great  cap- 
tains in  the  world,  himself,  Tonti  and  LaSalle." 

GENIUS  OF  LaSALLE. 

We  must  now  return  to  LaSalle,  whose  exploits  stand  out  in  such 
bold  relief.  He  was  born  in  Rouen,  France,  in  1643.  His  father  was 
wealthy,  but  he  renounced  his  patrimony  on  entering  a  college  of  the 
Jesuits,  from  which  he  separated  and  came  to  Canada  a  poor  man  in  1666. 
The  priests  of  St.  Sulpice,  among  whom  he  had  a  brother,  were  then  the 
proprietors  of  Montreal,  the  nucleus  of  which  was  a  seminary  or  con- 
vent founded  by  that  order.  The  Superior  granted  to  LaSalle  a  large 
tract  of  land  at  LaChine,  where  he  established  himself  in  the  fur  trade. 
He  was  a  man  of  daring  genius,  and  outstripped  all  his  competitors  in 
exploits  of  travel  and  commerce  with  the  Indians.  In  1669,  he  visited 
the  headquarters  of  the  great  Iroquois  Confederacy,  at  Onondaga,  in  the 
heart  of  New  York,  and,  obtaining  guides,  explored  the  Ohio  River  to 
the  falls  at  Louisville. 

In  order  to  understand  the  genius  of  LaSalle,  it  must  be  remembered 
that  for  many  years  prior  to  his  time  the  missionaries  and  traders  were 
obliged  to  make  their  way  to  the  Northwest  by  the  Ottawa  River  (of 
Canada)  on  account  of  the  fierce  hostility  of  the  Iroquois  along  the  lower 
lakes  and  Niagara  River,  which  entirely  closed  this  latter  route  to  the 
Upper  Lakes.  They  carried  on  their  commerce  chiefly  by  canoes,  pad- 
dling them  through  the  Ottawa  to  Lake  Nipissing,  carrying  them  across 
the  portage  to  French  River,  and  descending  that  to  Lake  Huron.  This 
being  the  route  by  which  they  reached  the  Northwest,  accounts  for  the 
fact  that  all  the  earliest  Jesuit  missions  were  established  in  the  neis'hbor- 
hood  of  the  Upper  Lakes.  LaSalle  conceived  the  grand  idea  of  opening 
the  route  by  Niagara  River  and  the  Lower  Lakes  to  Canadian  commerce 
by  sail  vessels,  connecting  it  with  the  navigation  of  the  Mississippi,  and 
thus  opening  a  magnificent  water  communication  from  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  This  truly  grand  and  comprehensive 
purpose  seems  to  have  animated  him  in  all  his  wonderful  achievements 
and  the  matchless  difficulties  and  hardships  he  surmounted.  As  the  first 
step  in  the  accomplishment  of  this  object  he  established  himself  on  Lake 
Ontario,  and  built  and  garrisoned  Fort  Frontenac,  the  site  of  the  present 


114  HISTORY  OF  THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 

city  of  Kingston,  Canada.  Here  be  obtained  a  grant  of  land  from  the 
French  crown  and  a  body  of  troops  by  which  he  beat  back  the  invading 
Iroquois  and  cleared  the  passage  to  Niagara  Falls.  Having  by  this  mas- 
terly stroke  made  it  safe  to  attempt  a  hitherto  untried  expedition,  his 
next  step,  as  we  have  seen,  was  to  advance  to  the  Falls  with  all  his 
outfit  for  building  a  ship  with  which  to  sail  the  lakes.  He  was  success- 
ful in  this  undertaking,  though  his  ultimate  purpose  was  defeated  by  a 
strange  combination  of  untoward  circumstances.  The  Jesuits  evidently 
hated  LaSalle  and  plotted  against  him,  because  he  had  abandoned  them 
and  co-operated  with  a  rival  order.  The  fur  traders  were  also  jealous  of 
his  superior  success  in  opening  new  channels  of  commerce.  At  LaChine 
he  had  taken  the  trade  of  Lake  Ontario,  which  but  for  his  presence  there 
would  have  gone  to  Quebec.  While  they  were  plodding  with  their  barK 
canoes  through  the  Ottawa  he  was  constructing  sailing  vessels  to  com- 
mand the  trade  of  the  lakes  and  the  Mississippi.  These  great  plans 
excited  the  jealousy  and  envy  of  the  small  traders,  introduced  treason  and 
revolt  into  the  ranks  of  his  own  companions,  and  finally  led  to  the  foul 
assassination  by  Avhich  his  great  achievements  were  prematurely  ended. 

In  1682,  LaSalle,  having  completed  his  vessel  at  Peoria,  descended 
the  Mississippi  to  its  confluence  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Erecting  a 
standard  on  which  he  inscribed  the  arms  of  France,  he  took  formal  pos- 
session of  the  whole  valley  of  the  mighty  river,  in  the  name  of  Louis 
XIV.,  then  reigning,  in  honor  of  whom  he  named  the  country  Louisiana. 

LaSalle  then  went  to  France,  was  appointed  Governor,  and  returned 
with  a  fleet  and  immigrants,  for  the  purpose  of  planting  a  colony  in  Illi- 
nois. They  arrived  in  due  time  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  but  failing  to 
find  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi,  up  which  LaSalle  intended  to  sail,  his 
supply  ship,  with  the  immigrants,  was  driven  ashore  and  wrecked  on 
Matagorda  Bay.  With  the  fragments  of  the  vessel  he  constructed  a 
stockade  and  rude  huts  on  the  shore  for  the  protection  of  the  immigrants, 
calling  the  post  Fort  St.  Louis.  He  then  made  a  trip  into  New  Mexico, 
in  search  of  silver  mines,  but,  meeting  with  disappointment,  returned  to 
find  his  little  colony  reduced  to  forty  souls.  He  then  resolved  to  travel 
on  foot  to  Illinois,  and,  starting  with  his  companions,  had  reached  the 
valley  of  the  Colorado,  near  the  mouth  of  Trinity  river,  when  he  was 
shot  by  one  of  his  men.     This  occurred  on  the  19th  of  March,  1687. 

Dr.  J.  W.  Foster  remarks  of  him  :  "  Thus  fell,  not  far  from  the  banks 
of  the  Trinity,  Robert  Cavalier  de  la  Salle,  one  of  the  grandest  charac- 
ters that  ever  figured  in  American  history — a  man  capable  of  originating 
the  vastest  schemes,  and  endowed  with  a  will  and  a  judgment  capable  of 
carrying  them  to  successful  results.  Had  ample  facilities  been  placed  by 
the  King  of  France  at  his  disposal,  the  result  of  the  colonization  of  this 
continent  might  have  been  far  different  from  what  we  now  behold." 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE    OF    ILLINOIS.  115 


EARLY  SETTLEMENTS. 

• 

A  temporary  settlement  was  made  at  Fort  St.  Louis,  or  the  old  Kas- 
kaskia  village,  on  the  Illinois  River,  in  what  is  now  LaSalle  County,  in 
1682.  In  1690,  this  was  removed,  with  the  mission  connected  with  it,  to 
Kaskaskia,  on  the  river  of  that  name,  emptying  into  the  lower  Mississippi 
in  St.  Clair  County.  Cahokia  was  settled  about  the  same  time,  or  at 
least,  both  of  these  settlements  began  in  the  year  1690,  though  it  is  now 
pretty  well  settled  that  Cahokia  is  the  older  place,  and  ranks  as  the  oldest 
permanent  settlement  in  Illinuite',  as  well  as  in  the  Mississippi  Valley. 
The  reason  for  the  removal  of  the  old  Kaskaskia  settlement  and  mission, 
was  probably  because  the  dangerous  and  difficult  route  by  Lake  Michigan 
and  the  Chicago  portage  had  been  almost  abandoned,  and  travelers  and 
traders  passed  down  and  up  the  Mississippi  by  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin 
River  route.  They  removed  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Mississippi  in  order 
to  be  in  the  line  of  travel  from  Canada  to  Louisiana,  that  is,  the  lower 
part  of  it,  for  it  was  all  Louisiana  then  south  of  the  lakes. 

During  the  period  of  French  rule  in  Louisiana,  the  population  prob- 
ably never  exceeded  ten  thousand,  including  whites  and  blacks.  Within 
that  portion  of  it  now  included  in  Indiana,  trading  posts  were  established 
at  the  principal  Miami  villages  wliich  stood  on  the  head  waters  of  the 
Maumee,  the  Wea  villages  situated  at  Ouiatenon,  on  the  Wabash,  and 
the  Piankeshaw  villages  at  Post  Vincennes ;  all  of  which  were  probably 
visited  by  French  traders  and  missionaries  before  the  close  of  the  seven- 
teenth century. 

In  the  vast  territory  ckiimed  by  the  French,  many  settlements  of 
considerable  importance  had  sprung  up.  Biloxi,  on  Mobile  Bay,  had 
been  founded  by  D'Iberville,  in  1699;  Antoine  de  Lamotte  Cadillac  had 
founded  Detroit  in  1701 ;  and  New  Orleans  had  been  founded  by  Bien- 
ville, under  the  auspices  of  the  Mississippi  Company,  in  1718.  In  Illi- 
nois also,  considerable  settlements  had  been  made,  so  that  in  1730  they 
embraced  one  hundred  and  forty  French  families,  about  six  hundred  "  con- 
verted Indians,"  and  many  traders  and  voyageurs.  In  that  i3ortion  of  the 
country,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  there  were  five  distinct  set- 
tlements, with  their  respective  villages,  viz. :  Cahokia,  near  the  mouth 
of  Cahokia  Creek  and  about  five  miles  below  the  present  city  of  St. 
Louis ;  St.  Philip,  about  forty-five  miles  below  Cahokia,  and  four  miles 
above  Fort  Chartres ;  Fort  Chartres,  twelve  miles  above  Kaskaskia  ; 
Kaskaskia,  situated  on  the  Kaskaskia  River,  five  miles  above  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Mississippi ;  and  Prairie  du  Rocher,  near  Fort  Chartres. 
To  these  must  be  added  St.  Genevieve  and  St.  Louis,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  Mississippi.     These,  with  the  exception  of  St.  Louis,  are  among 


116 


HISTORY  Of  the  state  of  ilijnois. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE    OF   ILLINOIS.  117 

the  oldest  French  towns  in  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Kaskaskia,  in  its  best 
days,  was  a  town  of  some  two  or  three  thousand  inhabitants.  After  it 
passed  from  the  crown  of  France  its  population  for  many  3'ears  did  not 
exceed  fifteen  hundred.  Under  British  rule,  in  1773,  the  population  had 
decreased  to  four  hundred  and  fifty.  As  early  as  1721,  the  Jesuits  had 
established  a  college  and  a  monastery  in  Kaskaskia. 

Fort  Chartres  was  first  built  under  the  direction  of  the  Mississippi 
Company,  in  1718,  by  M.  de  Boisbraint.  a  military  officer,  under  command 
of  Bienville.  It  stood  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  about  eighteen 
miles  below  Kaskaskia,  and  was  for  some  time  the  headquarters  of  the 
military  commandants  of  the  district  of  Illinois. 

In  the  CentenniabOration  of  Dr.  Fowler,  delivered  at  Philadelphia, 
by  appointment  of  Gov.  Beveridge,  we  find  some  interesting  facts  with 
regard  to  the  State  of  Illinois,  which  we  appropriate  in  this  history: 

In  1682  Illinois  became  a  possession  of  the  French  crown,  a  depend- 
ency of  Canada,  and  a  part  of  Louisiana.  In  1765  the  English  flag  was 
run  up  on  old  Fort  Chartres,  and  Illinois  was  counted  among  the  treas- 
ures of  Great  Britain. 

In  1779  it  was  taken  from  the  English  by  Col.  George  Rogers  Clark. 
This  man  was  resolute  in  nature,  wise  in  council,  prudent  in  policy,  bold 
in  action,  and  heroic  in  danger.  Few  men  who  have  figured  in  the  his- 
tory of  America  are  more  deserving  than  this  colonel.  Nothing  short  of 
first-class  ability  could  have  rescued  Vincens  and  all  Illinois  from  the 
English.  And  it  is  not  possible  to  over-estimate  the  influence  of  this 
achievement  upon  the  republic.  In  1779  Illinois  became  a  part  of  Vir- 
ginia. It  was  soon  known  as  Illinois  County.  In  1784  Virginia  ceded 
all  this  territory  to  the  general  government,  to  be  cut  into  States,  to  be 
republican  in  form,  with  "  the  same  right  of  sovereignty,  freedom,  and 
independence  as  the  other  States." 

In  1787  it  was  the  object  of  the  wisest  and  ablest  legislation  found 
in  any  merely  human  records.     No  man  can  study  the  secret  history  of 

THE  "COMPACT  OF  1787,"  • 

and  not  feel  that  Providence  was  guiding  with  sleepless  eye  these  unborn 
States.  The  ordinance  that  on  July  13,  1787,  finally  became  the  incor- 
porating act,  has  a  most  marvelous  history.  Jefferson  had  vainlj^  tried 
to  secure  a  system  of  government  for  the  northwestern  territory.  He 
was  an  emancipationist  of  that  day,  and  favored  the  exclusion  of  slaverv 
from  the  territory  Virginia  had  ceded  to  the  general  government;  but 
the  South  voted  him  down  as  often  as  it  came  up.  In  1787,  as  late  as 
July  10,  an  organizing  act  without  the  anti-slaTery  clause  was  pending. 
This  concession  to  the  South  was  expected  to  carr}-  it.     Congress  was  in 


118  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 

session  in  New  York  City.  On  July  5,  Rev.  Dr.  Manasseh  Cutler,  of 
Massachusetts,  came  into  New  York  to  lobby  on  the  northwestern  terri- 
tory.    Everything  seemed  to  fall  into  his  hands.     Events  were  ripe. 

The  state,  of  the  public  credit,  the  growing  of  Southern  prejudice, 
the  basis  of  his  mission,  his  personal  character,  all  combined  to  complete 
one  of  those  sudden  and  marvelous  revolutions  of  public  sentiment  that 
once  in  five  or  ten  centuries  are  seen  to  sweep  over  a  country  like  the 
breath  of  the  Almighty.  Cutler  was  a  graduate  of  Yale — received  his 
A.M.  from  Harvard,  and  his  D.D.  from  Yale.  He  had  studied  and  taken 
degrees  in  the  three  learned  professions,  medicine,  law,  and  divinity.  He 
had  thus  America's  best  indorsement.  He  had  published  a  scientific 
examination  of  the  plants  of  New  England.  His  name  stood  second  only 
to  that  of  Franklin  as  a  scientist  in  America.  He  was  a  courtly  gentle- 
man of  the  old  style,  a  man  of  commanding  presence,  and  of  inviting 
face.  The  Southern  members  said  they  had  never  seen  such  a  gentleman 
in  the  North.  He  came  representing  a  compan}'  that  desired  to  purchase 
a  tract  of  land  now  included  in  Ohio,  for  the  purpose  of  planting  a  colony. 
It  was  a  speculation.  Government  money  was  worth  eighteen  cents  on 
the  dollar.  This  Massachusetts  company  had  collected  enough  to  pur- 
chase 1,500,000  acres  of  land.  Other  speculators  in  New  York  made 
Dr.  Cutler  their  agent  (lobbyist).  On  the  12th  he  represented  a  demand 
for  5,500,000  acres.  This  would  reduce  the  national  debt.  Jefferson 
and  Virginia  were  regarded  as  authority  concerning  the  land  Virginia 
had  just  ceded.  Jefferson's  policy  wanted  to  provide  for  the  public  credit, 
and  this  was  a  good  opportunity  to  do  something. 

Massachusetts  then  owned  the  territory  of  Maine,  which  she  was 
crowding  on  the  market.  She  was  opposed  to  opening  the  northwestern 
region.  This  fired  the  zeal  of  Virginia.  The  South  caught  the  inspira- 
tion, and  all  exalted  Dr.  Cutler.  The  English  minister  invited  him  to 
dine  with  some  of  the  Southern  gentlemen.    He  was  the  center  of  interest. 

The  entire  South  rallied  round  him.  Massachusetts  could  not  vote 
against  him,  because  many  of  the  constituents  of  her  members  were 
interested -personally  in  the  western  speculation.  Thus  Cutler,  making 
friends  with  the  South,  and,  doubtless,  using  all  the  arts  of  the  lobby, 
was  enabled  to  command  the  situation.  True  to  deeper  convictions,  he 
dictated  one  of  the  most  compact  and  finished  documents  of  wise  states- 
manship that  has  ever  adorned  any  human  law  book.  He  borrowed  from 
Jefferson  the  term  "  Articles  of  Compact,"  which,  preceding  the  federal 
constitution,  rose  into  the  most  sacred  character.  He  then  followed  very 
closely  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts,  adopted  three  years  before. 
Its  most  marked  points  were  : 

1.  The  exclusion  of  slaveiy  from  the  territory  forever. 

2.  Provision  for  public  schools,  giving  one  township  for  a  seminary. 


HISTORY    OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  119 

and  every  section  numbered  16  in  each  township  ;  that  is,  one-thiriy-sixth 
of  all  the  land,  for  public  schools. 

3.  A  provision  prohibiting  the  adoption  of  any  constitution  or  the 
enactment  of  any  law  that  should  nullify  pre-existing  contracts. 

Be  it  forever  remembered  that  this  compact  declared  that  "  Rehgion, 
morality,  and  knowledge  being  necessary  to  good  government  and  the 
happiness  of  mankind,  schools  and  the  means  of  education  shall  always 
be  encouraged." 

Dr.  Cutler  planted  himself  on  this  platform  and  would  not  yield. 
Giving  his  unqualified  declaration  that  it  was  that  or  nothing— that  unless 
they  could  make  the  land  desirable  they  did  not  want  it — he  took  his 
horse  and  buggy,  and  started  for  the  constitutional  convention  in  Phila- 
delphia. On  July  13,  1787,  the  bill  was  put  upon  its  passage,  and  was 
unanimously  adopted,  every  Southern  member  voting  for  it,  and  only  one 
man,  Mr.  Yates,  of  New  York,  voting  against  it.  But  as  the  States  voted 
as  States,  Yates  lost  his  vote,  and  the  compact  was  put  beyond  repeal. 

Thus  the  great  States  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan  and  Wis- 
consin— a  vast  empire,  the  heart  of  the  great  valley — were  consecrated 
to  freedom,  intelligence,  and  honesty.  Thus  the  great  heart  of  the  nation 
was  prepared  for  a  year  and  a  day  and  an  hour.  In  the  light  of  these  eighty- 
nine  years  I  affirm  that  this  act  was  the  salvation  of  the  republic  and  the 
destruction  of  slavery.  Soon  the  South  saw  their  great  blunder,  and 
tried  to  repeal  the  compact.  In  1803  Congress  referred  it  to  a  committee 
of  which  John  Randolph  was  chairman.  He  reported  that  this  ordinance 
was  a  compact,  and  opposed  repeal.  Thus  it  stood  a  rock,  in  the  way 
of  the  on-rushing  sea  of  slavery. 

With  all  this  timely  aid  it  was,  after  all,  a  most  desperate  and  pro- 
tracted struggle  to  keep  the  soil  of  Illinois  sacred  to  freedom.  It  was 
the  natural  battle-field  for  the  irrepressible  conflict.  In  the  southern  end 
of  the  State  slavery  preceded  the  compact.  It  existed  among  the  old 
French  settlers,  and  was  hard  to  eradicate.  The  southern  part  of  the 
State  was  settled  from  the  slave  States,  and  this  population  brought  their 
laws,  customs,  and  institutions  with  them.  A  stream  of  population  from 
the  North  poured  into  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  These  sections 
misunderstood  and  hated  each  other  perfectly.  The  Southerners  regarded 
the  Yankees  as  a  skinning,  tricky,  penurious  race  of  peddlers,  fiUing  the 
country  with  tinware,  brass  clocks,  and  wooden  nutmegs.  The  North- 
erner thought  of  the  Southerner  as  a  lean,  lank,  lazy  creature,  burrowing 
in  a  hut,  and  rioting  in  whisky,  dirt  and  ignorance.  These  causes  aided 
in  making  the  struggle  long  and  bitter.  So  strong  was  the  sympathy 
with  slavery  that,  in  spite  of  the  ordinance  of  1787,  and  in  spite  of  the 
deed  of  cession,  it  was  determined  to  allow  the  old  French  settlers  to 
retain  their  slaves.     Planters  from   the  slave   States  might  bring  their 


120  HISTORY   OF  THE  STATE   0¥   ILLINOIS. 

slaves,  if  they  would  give  them  a  chance  to  choose  freedom  or  years 
of  service  and  bondage  for  their  children  till  they  should  become 
thirty  years  of  age.  If  they  chose  freedom  they  must  leave  the  State 
in  sixty  days  or  be  sold  as  fugitives.  Servants  were  whipped  for  offenses 
for  which  \Yhite  men  are  fined.  Each  lash  paid  forty  cents  of  the  fine.  A 
negro  ten  miles  from  home  without  a  pass  was  whipped.  These  famous 
laws  were  imported  from  the  slave  States  just  as  they  imported  laws  foi 
the  inspection  of  flax  and  wool  when  there  was  neither  in  the  State. 

These  Black  Laws  are  now  wiped  out.  A  vigorous  effort  was  made 
to  protect  slavery  in  the  State  Constitution  of  1817.  It  barely  failed. 
It  was  renewed  in  1825,  when  a  convention  was  asked  to  make  a  new 
constitution.  After  a  hard  fight  the  convention  was  defeated.  But 
slaves  did  not  disappear  from  the  census  of  the  State  until  1850.  There 
were  mobs  and  murders  in  the  interest  of  slavery.  Lovejoy  was  added 
to  the  list  of  martyrs — a  sort  of  first-fruits  of  that  long  life  of  immortal 
heroes  who  saw  freedom  as  the  one  supreme  desire  of  their  souls,  and 
were  so  enamored  of  her  that  they  preferred  to  die  rather  than  survive  her. 

The  jDopulation  of  12,282  that  occupied  the  territory  in  A.D.  1800, 
increased  to  45,000  in  A.D.  1818,  when  the  State  Constitution  was 
adoj)ted,  and  Illinois  took  her  place  in  the  Union,  with  a  star  on  the  flag 
and  two  votes  in  the  Senate. 

Shadrach  Bond  was  the  first  Governor,  and  in  his  first  message  he 
recommended  the  construction  of  the  Illinois  and  Michis^an  Canal. 

The  simple  economy  in  those  days  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  the  entire 
bill  for  stationery  for  the  first  Legislature  was  only  $13.50.  Yet  this 
simple  body  actually  enacted  a  very  superior  code. 

There  was  no  money  in  the  territory  before  the  war  of  1812.  Deer 
skins  and  coon  skins  were  the  circulating  medium.  In  1821'  the  Legis- 
lature ordained  a  State  Bank  on  the  credit  of  the  State.  It  issued  notes 
in  the  likeness  of  bank  bills.  These  notes  were  made  a  legal  tender  for 
every  thing,  and  the  bank  was  ordered  to  loan  to  the  people  $100  on  per- 
sonal security,  and  more  on  mortgages.  They  actually  passed  a  resolu- 
tion requesting  tli£  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  to 
receive  these  notes  for  land.  The  old  French  Lieutenant  Governor,  Col. 
Menard,  put  the  resolution  as  follows:  "  Gentlemen  of  the  Senate  :  It  is 
moved  and  seconded  dat  de  notes  of  dis  bank  be  made  land-office  money. 
All  in  favor  of  dat  motion  say  aye  ;  all  against  it  sa}^  no.  It  is  decided 
in  de  affirmative.  Now%  gentlemen,  I  bet  you  one  hundred  dollar  he 
never  be  land-office  money  ! "  Hard  sense,  like  hard  money,  is  always 
above  par. 

This  old  Frenchman  presents  a  fine  figure  up  against  the  dark  back- 
ground of  most  of  his  nation.  They  made  no  progress.  They  clung  to 
their  earliest  and  simplest  implements.     They  never  wore  hats  or  cap? 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE    OF   ILLINOIS.  121 

They  pulled  their  blankets  over  their  heads  in  the  winter  like  the  Indians, 
with  whom  they  freely  intermingled. 

Demagogism  had  an  early  development.  One  John  Grammar  (only 
in  name),  elected  to  the  Territorial  and  State  Legislatures  of  1816  and 
1836,  invented  the  policy  of  opposing  every  new  thing,  saying,  "  If  it 
succeeds,  no  one  will  ask  Avho  voted  against  it.  If  it  proves  a  failure,  he 
could  quote  its  record."  In  sharp  contrast  with  Grammar  was  the  char- 
acter of  D.  P.  Cook,  after  whom  the  county  containing  Chicago  was 
named.  Such  was  his  transparent  integrity  and  remarkable  ability  that 
his  will  was  almost  the  law  of  the  State.  In  Congress,  a  young  man, 
and  from  a  poor  State,  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means 
Committee.  He  was  pre-eminent  for  standing  by  his  committee,  regard- 
less of  consequences.  It  was  his  integrity  that  elected  John  Quincy 
Adams  to  the  Presidency.  There  were  four  candidates  in  1824,  Jackson, 
Clay,  Crawford,  and  John  Quincy  Adams.  There  being  no  choice  by  the 
people,  the  election  was  thrown  into  the  House.  It  was  so  balanced  that 
it  turned  on  his  vote,  and  that  he  cast  for  Adams,  electing  him ;  then 
went  home  to  face  the  wrath  of  the  Jackson  party  in  Illinois.  It  cost 
him  all  but  character  and  greatness.  It  is  a  suggestive  comment  on  the 
times,  that  there  was  no  legal  interest  till  1830.  It  often  reached  150 
per  cent.,  usually  50  per  cent.  Then  it  was  reduced  to  12,  and  now  to 
10  per  cent. 

PHYSICAL  FEATURES  OF  THE    PRAIRIE  STATE. 

In  area  the  State  has  55,410  square  miles  of  territory.  It  is  about 
150  miles  wide  and  400  miles  long,  stretching  in  latitude  from  Maine  to 
North  Carolina.  It  embraces  wide  variety  of  climate.  It  is  tempered 
on  the  north  by  the  great  inland,  saltless,  tideless  sea,  which  keeps  the 
thermometer  from  either  extreme.  Being  a  table  land,  from  600  to  1,600 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  one  is  prepared  to  find  on  the  health 
maps,  prepared  by  the  general  government,  an  almost  clean  and  perfect 
record.  In  freedom  from  feve"r  and  malarial  diseases  and  consumptions, 
the  three  deadly  enemies  of  the  American  Saxon,  Illinois,  as  a  State, 
stands  without  a  superior.  She  furnishes  one  of  the  essential  conditions 
of  a  great  people — sound  bodies.  I  suspect  that  this  fact  lies  back  of 
that  old  Delaware  word,  Illini,  superior  men. 

The  great  battles  of  history  that  have  been  determinative  of  dynas- 
ties and  destinies  have  b.een  strategical  battles,  chiefly  the  question  of 
position.  Thermopylae  has  been  the  war-cry  of  freemen  for  twenty -four 
centuries.  It  only  tells  how  much  there  may  be  in  position.  All  this 
advantage  belongs  to  Illinois.  It  is  in  the  heart  of  the  greatest  valley  in 
the  world,  the  vast  region  between  the   mountains- — a  valley  that  could 


122 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF    ILLINOIS. 


feed  mankind  for  one  thousand  years.  It  is  well  on  toward  the  center  of 
the  continent.  It  is  in  the  great  temperate  belt,  in  which  have  been 
found  nearly  all  the  aggressive  civilizations  of  history.  It  has  sixty-five 
miles  of  froiitage  on  the  head  of  the  lake.  With  the  Mississippi  forming 
the  western  and  southern  boundary,  with  the  Ohio  running  along  the 
southeastern  line,  with  the  Illinois  River  and  Canal  dividing  the  State 
diagonally  from  the  lake  to  the  Lower  Mississippi,  and  with  the  Rock  and 
Wabash  Rivers  furnishing  altogether  2,000  miles  of  water-front,  con- 
necting with,  and  running  through,  in  all  about  12,000  miles  of  navi- 
gable water. 

But  this  is  not  all.  These  waters  are  made  most  available  by  the 
fact  that  the  lake  and  the  State  lie  on  the  ridge  running  into  the  great 
valley  from  the  east.  Within  cannon-shot  of  the  lake  the  water  runs 
away  from  the  lake  to  the  Gulf.  The  lake  now  empties  at  both  ends, 
one  into  the  Atlantic  and  one  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  lake  thus 
seems  to  hang  over  the  land.  This  makes  the  dockage  most  serviceable ; 
there  are  no  steep  banks  to  damage  it.  Both  lake  and  river  are  made 
for  use. 

The  climate  varies  from  Portland  to  Richmond ;  it  favors  every  pro- 
duct of  the  continent,  including  the  tropics,  with  less  than  half  a  dozen 
exceptions.  It  produces  every  great  nutriment  of  the  world  except  ban- 
anas and  rice.  It  is  hardly  too  much  to  say  that  it  is  the  most  productive 
spot  known  to  civilization.  With  the  soil  full  of  bread  and  the  earth  full 
of  minerals ;  with  an  upper  surface  of  food  and  an  under  layer  of  fuel ; 
with  perfect  natural  drainage,  and  abundant  springs  and  streams  and 
navigable  rivers  ;  half  way  between  the  forests  of  the  North  and  the  fruits 
of  the  South  ;  within  a  day's  ride  of  the  great  deposits  of  iron,  coal,  cop- 
per, lead,  and  zinc ;  containing  and  controlling  the  great  grain,  cattle, 
pork,  and  lumber  markets  of  the  world,  it  is  not  strange  that  Illinois  has 
the  advantage  of  position. 

This  advantage  has  been  supplemented  by  the  character  of  the  popu- 
lation. In  the  early  days  when  Illinois  was  first  admitted  to  the  Union, 
her  population  were  chiefly  from  Kentucky  and  Virginia.  But,  in  the 
conflict  of  ideas  concerning  slavery,  a  strong  tide  of  emigration  came  in 
from  the  East,  and  soon  changed  this  composition.  In  1870  her  non- 
native  population  were  from  colder  soils.  New  York  furnished  133,290; 
Ohio  gave  102,623;  Pennsylvania  sent  on  98,352;  the  entire  South  gave 
us  only  206,734.  In  all  her  cities,  and  in  all  her  German  and  Scandina- 
vian and  other  foreign  colonies,  Illinois  has  only  about  one-fifth  of  her 
people  of  foreign  birth. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE  OF   ILLINOIS.  123 


PROGRESS  OF  DEVELOPMENT. 

One  of  the  greatest  elements  in  the  early  development  of  Illinois  is 
the  I'llinois  and  Michigan  Canal,  connecting  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi 
Rivers  with  the  lakes.  It  was  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the  State. 
It  was  recommended  by  Gov.  Bond,  the  first  governor,  in  his  first  message. 
In  1821,  the  Legislature  appropriated  $10,000  for  surveying  the  route. 
Two  bright  young  engineers  surveyed  it,  and  estimated  the  cost  at 
$600,000  or  $700,000.  It  finally  cost  $8,000,000.  In  1825,  a  law  was 
passed  to  incorporate  the  Canal  Company,  but  no  stock  was  sold.  In 
1826,  upon  the  solicitation  of  Cook,  Congress  gave  800,000  acres  of  land 
on  the  line  of  the  work.  In  1828,  another  law — commissioners  appointed, 
and  work  commenced  with  new  survey  and  new  estimates.  In  1834—35, 
George  Farquhar  made  an  able  report  on  the  whole  matter.  This  was, 
doubtless,  the  ablest  report  ever  made  to  a  western  legislature,  and  it 
became  the  model  for  subsequent  reports  and  action.  From  this  the 
work  went  on  till  it  was  finished  in  1848.  It  cost  the  State  a  large 
amount  of  money ;  but  it  gave  to  the  industries  of  the  State  an  impetus 
that  pushed  it  up  into  the  first  rank  of  greatness.  It  was  not  built  as  a 
speculation  any  more  than  a  doctor  is  employed  on  a  speculation.  But 
it  has  paid  into  the  Treasary  of  the  State  an  average  annual  net  sum  of 
over  $111,000.  ' 

Pending  the  construction  of  the  canal,  the  land  and  town-lot  fever 
broke  out  in  the  State,  in  1834-35.  It  took  on  the  malignant  type  in 
Chicago,  lifting  the  town  up  into  a  city.  The  disease  spread  over  the 
entire  State  and  adjoining  States,  It  was  epidemic.  It  cut  up  men's 
farms  without  regard  to  locality,  and  Jut  up  the  purses  of  the  purchasers  • 
without  regard  to  consequences.  It  is  estimated  that  building  lots  enough 
were  sold  in  Indiana  alone  to  accommodate  every  citizen  then  in  the 
United  States. 

Towns  and  cities  were  exported  to  the  Eastern  market  by  the  ship- 
load. There  was  no  lack  of  buyers.  Ever/  up-ship  came  freighted  with 
speculators  and  their  money. 

This  distemper  seized  upon  the  Legislature  in  1836-37,  and  left  not 
one  to  tell  the  tale.  They  enacted  a  system  of  internal  improvement 
without  a  parallel  in  the  grandeur  of  its  conception.  They  ordered  the 
construction  of  1,300  miles  of  railroad,  crossing  the  State  in  all  direc- 
tions. This  was  surpassed  by  the  river  and  canal  improvements. 
There  were  a  few  counties  not  touched  by  either  railroad  or  river  or 
canal,  and  those  were  to  be  comforted  and  compensated  by  the  free  dis- 
tribution of  $200,000  among  them.  To  inflate  this  balloon  beyond  cre- 
dence it  was  ordered  that  work  should  be  commenced  on  both  ejids  of 


124 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 


each  of  these  railroads  and  rivers,  and  at  each  river-crossing,  all  at  the 
same  time.  The  api^ropriations  for  these  vast  improvements  were  over 
!|12,000,000,  and  commissioners  were  appointed  to  borrow  the  money  on 
the  credit  of  the  State.  Remember  that  all  this  was  in  the  early  days  of 
railroading,  when  railroads  were  luxuries ;  that  the  State  had  whole 
counties  with  scarcely  a  cabin ;  and  that  the  population  of  the  State  was 
less  than  400,000,  and  you  can  form  some  idea  of  the  vigor  with  which 
these  brave  men  undertook  the  work  of  making  a  great  State.  In  the 
light  of  history  I  am  compelled  to  say  that  this  was  only  a  premature 
throb  of  the  power  that  actually  slumbered  in  the  soil  of  the  State.  It 
was  Hercules  in  the  cradle. 

At  this  juncture  the  State  Bank  loaned  its  funds  largely  to  Godfrey 
Gilman  &  Co.,  and  to  other  leading  houses,  for  the  purpose  of  drawing 
trade  from  St.  Louis  to  Alton.  Soon  they  failed,  and  took  down  the 
bank  with  them. 

In  1840,  all  hope  seemed  gone.  A  population  of  480,000  were  loaded 
with  a  debt  of  $14,000,000.  It  had  only  six  small  cities,  really  only 
towns,  namely :  Chicago,  Alton,  Springfield,  Quincy,  Galena,  Nauvoo. 
This  debt  was  to  be  cared  for  when  there  was  not  a  dollar  in  the  treas- 
ury, and  when  the  State  had  borrowed  itself  out  of  all  credit,  and  when 
there  was  not  good  money  enough  in  the  hands  of  all  the  people  to  pay 
the  interest  of  the  debt  for  a  single  year.  Yet,  in  the  presence  of  all 
these  difficulties,  the  young  State  steadily  refused  to  repudiate.  Gov. 
Ford  took  hold  of  the  problem  and  solved  it,  bringing  the  State  through 
in  triumph. 

Having  touched  lightly  upon  some  of  the  more  distinctive  points  in 
the  history  of  the  development  of  Illinois,  let  us  next  briefly  consider  the 


MATERIAL  RESOURCES  OF  THE  STATE. 

It  is  a  garden  four  hundred  miles  long  and  one  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  wide.  Its  soil  is  chiefly  a  black  sandy  loam,  from  six  inches  to 
sixty  feet  thick.  On  the  American  bottoms  it  has  been  cultivated  for 
one  hundred  and  fifty  years  without  renewal.  About  the  old  French 
towns  it  has  yielded  corn  for  a  century  and  a  half  without  rest  or  help. 
It  produces  nearly  everything  green  in  the  temperate  and  tropical  zones. 
She  leads  all  other  States  in  the  number  of  acres  actually  under  plow. 
Her  products  from  25,000,000  of  acres  are  incalculable.  Her  mineral 
wealth  is  scarcely  second  to  her  agricultural  power.  She  has  coal,  iron, 
lead,  copper,  zinc,  many  varieties  of  building  stone,  fire  clay,  cuma  clay, 
common  brick  clay,  sand  of  all  kinds,  gravel,  mineral  paint — every  thing 
needed  for  a  high  civilization.  Left  to  herself,  she  has  the  elements  of 
all  greatness.     The  single  item  of  coal  is  too  vast  for  an  appreciative 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  ILLINOIS.  125 

handling  in  figures.  We  can  handle  it  in  general  terms  like  algebraical 
signs,  but  long  before  we  get  up  into  the  millions  and  billions  the  human 
mind  drops  down  from  comprehension  to  mere  symbolic  apprehension. 

When  I  tell  you  that  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  entire  State  is  under- 
laid with  a  deposit  of  coal  more  than  forty  feet  thick  on  the  average  (now 
estimated,  by  recent  surveys,  at  seventy  feet  thick),  you  can  get  some 
idea  of  its  amount,  as  you  do  of  the  amount  of  the  national  debt.  There 
it  is !  41,000  square  miles — one  vast  mine  into  which  you  could  put 
any  of  the  States  ;  in  which  you  could  bury  scores  of  European  and 
ancient  empires,  and  have  room  enough  all  round  to  work  without  know- 
ing that  they  had  been  sepulchered  there. 

Put  this  vast  coal-bed  down  by  the  other  great  coal  deposits  of  the 
world,  and  its  importance  becomes  manifest.  Great  Britain  has  12,000 
square  miles  of  coal;  Spain,  3,000;  France,  1,719  ;  Belgium,  578  ;  Ilhnois 
about  twice  as  many  square  miles  as  all  combined.  Virginia  has  20,000 
square  miles  ;•  Pennsylvania,  16,000;  Ohio,  12,000.  Illinois  has  41,000 
square  miles.  One-seventh  of  all  the  known  coal  on  this  continent  is  in 
Illinois. 

Could  we  sell  the  coal  in  this  single  State  for  one-seventh  of  one  cent 
a  ton  it  would  pay  the  national  debt.  Converted  into  power,  even  with 
the  wastage  in  our  common  engines,  it  would  do  more  work  than  could 
be  done  by  the  entire  race,  beginning  at  Adam's  wedding  and  working 
ten  hours  a  day  through  all  the  centuries  till  the  present  time,  and  right 
on  into  the  future  at  the  same  rate  for  the  next  600,000  years. 

Great  Britain  uses  enough  mechanical  power  to-day  to  give  to  each 
man,  woman,  and  child  in  the  kingdom  the  help  and  service  of  nineteen 
untirino-  servants.  No  wonder  she  has  leisure  and  luxuries.  No  wonder 
the  home  of  the  common  artisan  has  in  it  more  luxuries  than  could  be 
found  in  the  palace  of  good  old  King  Arthur.  Think,  if  you  can  conceive 
of  it,  of  the  vast  army  of  servants  that  slumber  in  the  soil  of  Illinois, 
impatiently  awaiting  the  call  of  Genius  to  come  forth  to  minister  to  our 
comfort. 

At  the  present  rate  of  consumption  England's  coal  supply  will  be 
exhausted  in  250  years.  When  this  is  gone  she  must  transfer  her  dominion 
either  to  the  Indies,  or  to  British  America,  which  I  would  not  resist ;  or 
to  some  other  people,  which  I  would  regret  as  a  loss  to  civilization. 

COAL  IS    KING. 

At  the  same  rate  of  consumption  (which  far  exceeds  our  own)  the 
deposit  of  coal  in  Illinois  will  last  120,000  years.  And  her  kingdom  shall 
be  an  everlasting  kingdom. 

Let  us  turn  now  from  this  reserve  power  to  the  annual  products  of 


126  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 

the  State.  We  shall  not  be  humiliated  in  this  field.  Here  we  strike  the 
secret  of  our  national  credit.  Nature  provides  a  market  in  the  constant 
appetite  of  the  race.  Men  must  eat,  and  if  we  can  furnish  the  provisions 
we  can  command  the  treasure.  All  that  a  man  hath  will  he  give  for  his 
life. 

According  to  the  last  census  Illinois  produced  30,000,000  of  bushels 
of  wheat.  That  is  more  wheat  than  was  rai§ed  by  any  other  State  in  the 
Union.  She  raised  In  1875,  130,000,000  of  bushels  of  corn — twice  as 
much  as  any  other  State,  and  one-sixth  of  all  the  corn  raised  in  the  United 
States.  She  harvested  2,747,000  tons  of  hay,  nearly  one-tenth  of  all  the 
hay  in  the  Republic.  It  is  not  generally  appreciated,  but  it  is  true,  that 
the  hay  crop  of  the  country  is  worth  more  than  the  cotton  crop.  The 
hay  of  Illinois  equals  the  cotton  of  Louisiana.  Go  to  Charleston,  S.  C, 
and  see  them  peddling  handfuls  of  hay  or  grass,  almost  as  a  curiosity, 
as  we  regard  Chinese  gods  or  the  cryolite  of  Greenland ;  drink  your 
coffee  and  condensed  milk ;  and  walk  back  from  the  coast  for  many  a 
league  through  the  sand  and  burs  till  you  get  up  into  the  better  atmos- 
phere of  the  mountains,  without  seeing  a  waving  meadow  or  a  grazing 
herd ;  then  you  will  begin  to  appreciate  the  meadows  of  the  Prairie  State, 
where  the  grass  often  grows  sixteen  feet  high. 

The  value  of  her  farm  implements  is  $211,000,000,  and  the  value  of 
her  live  stock  is  only  second  to  the  great  State  of  New  York.  in  1875 
she  had  25,000,000  hogs,  and  packed  2,113,815,  about  one-half  of  all  that 
were  packed  in  the  United  States.  This  is  no  insignificant  item.  Pork 
is  a  growing  demand  of  the  old  world.  Since  the  laborers  of  Europe 
have  gotten  a  taste  of  our  bacon,  and  we  have  learned  how  to  pack  it  dry 
in  boxes,  like  dry  goods,  the  world  has  become  the  market. 

The  hog  is  on  the  march  into  the  future.  His  nose  is  ordained  to 
uncover  the  secrets  of  dominion,  and  his  feet  shall  be  guided  by  the  star 
of  empire. 

Illinois  marketed  $57,000,000  worth  of  slaughtered  animals — more 
than  any  other  State,  and  a  seventh  of  all  the  States. 

Be  patient  with  me,  and  pardon  my  pride,  and  I  will  give  you  a  list 
of  some  of  the  things  in  which  Illinois  excels  all  other  States. 

Depth  and  richness  of  soil ;  per  cent,  of  good  ground  ;  acres  of 
improved  land ;  large  farms — some  farms  contain  from  40,000  to  60,000 
acres  of  cultivated  land,  40,000  acres  of  corn  on  a  single  farm  ;  number  of 
farmers ;  amount  of  wheat,  corn,  oats  and  honey  produced ;  value  of  ani- 
mals for  slaughter ;  number  of  hogs  ;  amount  of  pork  ;  number  of  horses 
— three  times  as  many  as  Kentucky,  the  horse  State. 

Illinois  excels  all  other  States  in  miles  of  railroads  and  in  miles  of 
postal  service,  and  in  money  orders  sold  per  annum,  and  in  the  amount  of 
lumber  sold  in  her  markets. 


HISTORY   OF   THE  STATE   OF  ILLINOIS. 


127 


Illinois  is  only  second  in  many  important  matters.  This  sample  list 
comprises  a  few  of  the  more  important :  Permanent  school  fund  (good 
for  a  young  state)  ;  total  income  for  educational  purposes  ;  number  of  pub- 
lishers of  books,  maps,  papers,  etc.;  value  of  farm  products  and  imple- 
ments, and  of  live  stock  ;  in  tons  of  coal  mined. 

The  shipping  of  Illinois  is  only  second  to  New  York.  Out  of  one 
port  during  the  business  hours  of  the  season  of  navigation  she  sends  forth 
a  vessel  every  ten  minutes.  This  does  not  include  canal  boats,  which  go 
one  every  five  minutes.  No  wonder  she  is  only  second  in  number  of 
bankers  and  brokers  or  in  physicians  and  surgeons. 

She  is  third  in  colleges,  teachers  and  schools ;  cattle,  lead,  hay, 
flax,  sorghum  and  beeswax. 

She  is  fourth  in  population,  ^'n  children  enrolled  in  public  schools,  in 
law  schools,  in  butter,  potatoes  and  carriages. 

She  is  fifth  in  value  of  real  and  personal  property,  in  theological 
eeminaries  and  colleges  exclusively  for  women,  in  milk  sold,  and  in  boots 
and  shoes  manufactured,  and  in  book-binding. 

She  is  only  seventh  in  the  production  of  wood,  while  she  is  the 
twelfth  in  area.  Surely  that  is  well  done  for  the  Prairie  State.  She  now 
has  much  more  wood  and  growing   timber  than  she  had  thirty  years  ago. 

A  few  leading  industries  will  justify  emphasis.  She  manufactures 
$205,000,000  worth  of  goods,  which  places  her  well  up  toward  New  York 
and  Pennsylvania.  The  number  of  her  manufacturing  establishments 
increased  from  1860  to  1870,  300  per  cent.;  capital  employed  increased  350 
per  cent.,  and  the  amount  of  product  increased  100  per  cent.  She  issued 
5.500,000  copies  of  commercial  and  financial  newspapers— only  second  to 
New  York.  She  has  6,759  miles  of  railroad,  thus  leading  all  other  States, 
worth  $636,458,000,  using  3,215  engines,  and  67,712  cars,  making  a  train 
long  enough  to  cover  one-tenth  of  the  entire  roads  of  the  State.  Her 
stations  are  only  five  miles  apart.  She  carried  last  year  15,795,000  passen- 
gers, an  average  of  36|-  miles,  or  equal  to  taking  her  entire  population  twice 
across  the  State.  More  than  two-thirds  of  her  land  is  within  five  miles  of 
a  railroad,  and  less  than  two  per  cent,  is  more  than  fifteen  miles  away. 

The  State  has  a  large  financial  interest  in  the  Illinois  Central  railroad. 
The  road  was  incorporated  in  1850,  and  the  State  gave  each  alternate  sec- 
tion for  six  miles  on  each  side,  and  doubled  the  price  of  the  remaining 
land,  so  keeping  herself  good.  The  road  received  2,595,000  acres  of  land, 
and  pays  to  the  State  one-seventh  of  the  gross  receipts.  The  State 
■  receives  this  year  $350,000,  and  has  received  in  all  about  $7,000,000.  It 
is  practically  the  people's  road,  and  it  has  a  most  able  and  gentlemanly 
management.  Add  to  this  the  annual  receipts  from  the  canal,  $111,000, 
and  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  State  tax  is  provided  for. 


128  .  HISTORY    OF  THE   STATE   01^'    ILLINOiS. 


THE   RELIGION  AND  MORALS 


of  the  State  keep  step  with  her  productions  and  growth.  She  was  born 
of  the  missionary  spirit.  It  was  a  minister  who  secured  for  her  tlie  ordi- 
nance of  1787,  by  which  she  has  been  saved  from  slavery,  ignorance,  and 
dishonesty.  Rev.  Mr.  Wiley,  pastor  of  a  Scotch  congregation  in  Randolph 
County,  petitioned  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1818  to  recognize 
Jesus  Christ  as  king,  and  the  Scriptures  as  the  only  necessary  guide  and 
book  of  law.  The  convention  did  not  act  in  the  case,  and  the  old  Cove- 
nanters refused  to  accept  citizenship.  They  never  voted  until  1824,  when 
the  slavery  question  was  submitted  to  the  people ;  then  they  all  voted 
against  it  and  cast  the  determining  votes.  Conscience  has  predominated 
whenever  a  great  moral  question  has  been  submitted  to  the  people. 

But  little  mob  violence  has  ever  been  felt  in  the  State.  In  1817 
regulators  disposed  of  a  band  of  horse-thieves  that  infested  the  territory. 
The  Mormon  indignities  finally  awoke  the  same  spirit.  Alton  was  also 
the  scene  of  a  pro-slavery  mob,  in  which  Lovejoy  was  added  to  the  list  of 
martyrs.  The  moral  sense  of  the  people  makes  the  law  supreme,  and  gives 
to  tlie  State  unruffled  peace. 

With  $22,300,000  in  church  property,  and  4,298  church  organizations, 
the  State  has  that  divine  police,  the  sleepless  patrol  of  moral  ideas,  that 
alone  is  able  to  secure  perfect  safety.  Conscience  takes  the  knife  from 
the  assassin's  hand  and  the  bludgeon  from  the  grasp  of  the  highwayman. 
We  sleep  in  safety,  not  because  we  are  behind  bolts  and  bars — these  only 
fence  against  the  innocent ;  not  because  a  lone  officer  drowses  oaa  distant 
corner  of  a  street;  not  because  a  sheriff  may  call  his  posse  from  a  remote 
part  of  the  county ;  but  because  conscience  guards  the  very  portals  of  the 
air  and  stirs  in  the  deepest  recesses  of  the  public  mind.  This  spirit  issues 
within  the  State  9,500,000  copies  of  religious  papers  annually,  and  receives 
still  more  from  without.  Thus  the  crime  of  the  State  is  only  one-fourth 
that  of  New  York  and  one-half  that  of  Pennsylvania. 

Illinois  never  had  but  one  duel  between  her  own  citizens.  In  Belle- 
ville, in  1820,  Alphonso  Stewart  and  William  Bennett  arranged  to  vindi- 
cate injured  honor.  The  seconds  agreed  to  make  it  a  sham,  and  make 
them  shoot  blanks.  Stewart  was  in  the  secret.  Bennett  mistrusted  some- 
thing, and,  unobserved,  slipped  a  bullet  into  his  gun  and  killed  Stewart. 
He  then  fled  the  State.  After  two  years  he  was  caught,  tried,  convicted, 
and,  in  spite  of  friends  and  political  aid,  was  hung.  This  fixed  the  code 
of  honor  on  a  Christian  basis,  and  terminated  its  use  in  Illinois. 

The  early  preachers  were  ignorant  men,  who  were  accounted  eloquent 
according  to  the  strength  of  their  voices.  But  they  set  the  style  for  all 
public  speakers.    Lawyers  and  political  speakers  followed  this  rule.    Gov. 


HISTORY  OF   THE   STATE  OF  ILLmOIS.  l"^9 

Ford  says:  "Nevertheless,  these  first  preachers  were  of  incalculable 
benefit  to  the  country.  They  inculcated  justice  and  morality.  To  them 
are  we  indebted  for  the  first  Christian  character  of  the  Protestant  portion 

of  the  people." 

In  education  Illinois  surpasses  her  material  resources.  The  ordinance 
of  1787  consecrated  one  thirty-sixth  of  her  soil  to  common  schools,  and 
the  law  of  1818,  the  first  law  that  went  upon  her  statutes,  gave  three  per 
cent,  of  all  the  rest  to 

EDUCATION. 

The  old  compact  secures  this  interest  forever,  and  by  its  yoking 
morality  and  intelligence  it  precludes  the  legal  interference  with  the  Bible 
in  the  public  schools.  With  such  a  start  it  is  natural  that  we  should  have 
11,050  schools,  and  that  our  illiteracy  should  be  less  than  New  York  or 
Pennsylvania,  and  only  about  one-half  of  Massachusetts.  We  are  not  to 
blame  for  not  having  more  than  one-half  as  many  idiots  as  the  great 
States.  These  public  schools  soon  made  colleges  inevitable.  The  first 
college,  still  flourishing,  was  started  in  Lebanon  in  1828,  by  the  M.  E. 
church,  and  named  after  Bishop  McKendree.  Illinois  College,  at  Jackson- 
ville, supported  by  the  Presbyterians,  followed  in  1830.  In  1832  the  Bap- 
tists built  Shurtleff  College,  at  Alton.  Then  the  Presbyterians  built  Knox 
College,  at  Galesburg,  in  1838,  and  the  Episcopalians  built  Jubilee  College, 
at  Peoria,  in  1847.  After  these  early  years  colleges  have  rained  down. 
A  settler  could  hardly  encamp  on  the  prairie  but  a  college  would  spring 
up  by  his  wagon.  The  State  now  has  one  very  well  endowed  and  equipped 
university,  namely,  the  Northwestern  University,  at  Evanston,  with  six 
colleges,  ninety  instructors,  over  1,000  students,  and  $1,500,000  endow- 
ment. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Peck  was  the  first  educated  Protestant  minister  m  tne 
State.  He  settled  at  Rock  Spring,  in  St.  Clair  County,  1820,  and  left  his 
impress  on  the  State.  Before  1837  only  party  papers  were  published,  but 
Mr.  Peck  published  a  Gazetteer  of  Illinois.  Soon  after  John  Russell,  of 
Bluffdale,  published  essays  and  tales  showing  genius.  Judge  James  Hall 
published  The  Illinois  Monthly  Magazine  with  great  ability,  and  an  annual 
called  The  Western  Souvenir,  which  gave  him  an  enviable  fame  all  over  the 
United  States.  From  these  beginnings  Illinois  has  gone  on  till  she  has 
more  volumes  in  public  libaaries  even  than  Massachusetts,  and  of  the 
44,500,000  volumes  in  all  the  public  libraries  of  the  United  States,  she 
has  one-thirteenth.  In  newspapers  she  stands  fourth.  Her  increase  is 
marvelous.  In  1850  she  issued  5,000,000  copies ;  in  1860,  27,590,000  ;  in 
1870,  113,140,000.  In  1860  she  had  eighteen  colleges  and  seminaries ;  in 
1870  she  had  eighty.  That  is  a  grand  advance  for  the  war  decade. 
This  brings  us  to  a  record  unsurpassed  in  the  history  of  any  age, 


180  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OP   ILLINOIS. 


THE  WAR    RECORD  OF  ILLINOIS. 

I  hardly  know  where  to  begin,  or  how  to  advance,  or  what  to  say.  1 
can  at  best  give  you  only  a  broken  synopsis  of  her  deeds,  and  you  must 
put  them  in  the  order  of  glory  for  yourself.  Her  sons  have  always  been 
foremost  on  fields  of  danger.  In  1832-33,  at  the  call  of  Gov.  Reynolds, 
her  sons  drove  Blackhawk  over  the  Mississippi. 

When  the  Mexican  war  came,  in  May,  1846,  8,370  men  offered  them- 
selves when  only  3,720  could  be  accepted.  The  fields  of  Buena  Vista  and 
Vera  Cruz,  and  the  storming  of  Cerro  Gordo,  will  carry  the  glory  of  Illinois 
soldiers  along  after  the  infamy  of  the  cause  they  served  has  l^een  forgotten. 
But  it  was  reserved  till  our  day  for  her  sons  to  find  a  field  and  cause  and 
foemen  that  could  fitly  illustrate  their  spirit  and  heroism.  Illinois  put 
into  her  own  regiments  for  the  United  States  government  256,000  men, 
and  into  the  army  through  other  States  enough  to  swell  the  number  to 
290,000.  This  far  exceeds  all  the  soldiers  of  the  federal  government  in 
all  the  war  of  the  revolution.  Her  total  years  of  service  were  over  600,000. 
She  enrolled  men  from  eighteen  to  forty -five  years  of  age  when  the  law 
of  Congress  in  1864 — the  test  time — only  asked  for  those  from  twenty  to 
forty-five.  Her  enrollment  was  otherwise  excessive.  Her  people  wanted 
to  go,  and  did  not  take  the  pains  to  correct  the  enrollment.  Thus  the 
basis  of  fixing  the  quota  was  too  great,  and  then  the  quota  itself,  at  least 
in  the  trying  time,  was  far  above  any  other  State. 

Thus  the  demand  on  some  counties,  as  Monroe,  for  example,  took  every 
able-bodied  man  in  the  county,  and  then  did  not  have  enough  to  fill  the 
quota.  Moreover,  Illinois  sent  20,844  men  for  ninety  or  one  hundred  days, 
for  whom  no  credit  was  asked.  When  Mr.  Lincoln's  attention  was  called 
to  the  inequality  of  the  quota  compared  with  other  States,  he  replied, 
"  The  country  needs  the  sacrifice.  We  must  put  the  whip  on  the  free 
horse."  In  spite  of  all  these  disadvantages  Illinois  gave  to  the  country 
73,000  years  of  service  above  all  calls.  With  one-thirteenth  of  the  popu- 
lation of  the  loyal  States,  she  sent  regularly  one-tenth  of  all  the  soldiers, 
and  in  the  peril  of  the  closing  calls,  when  patriots  were  few  and  weary, 
she  then  sent  one-eighth  of  all  that  were  called  for  by  her  loved  and  hon- 
ored son  in  the  white  house.  Her  mothers  and  daughters  went  into  the 
fields  to  raise  the  grain  and  keep  the  children  together,  while  the  fathers 
and  older  sons  went  to  the  harvest  fields  of  the  world.  I  knew  a  father 
and  four  sons  who  agreed  that  one  of  them  must  stay  at  home ;  and  they 
pulled  straws  from  a  stack  to  see  who  might  go.  The  father  was  left. 
The  next  day  he  came  into  the  camp,  saying  :  "  Mother  says  she  can  get 
the  crops  in,  and  I  am  going,  too."  I  know  large  Methodist  churches 
from  which  every  male  member  went  to  the  army.    Do  you  want  to  know 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  1'61 

what  these  heroes  from  Illinois  did  in  the  field  ?  Ask  any  soldier  with  a 
good  record  of  his  own,  who  is  thus  able  to  judge,  and  he  will  tell  you 
that  the  Illinois  men  went  in  to  win.  It  is  common  history  that  the  greater 
victories  were  won  in  the  West.  When  everything  else  looked  dark  Illi- 
nois was  gaining  victories  all  down  the  river,  a'nd  dividing  the  confederacy. 
Sherman  took  with  him  on  his  great  march  forty-five  regiments  of  Illinois 
infantry,  three  companies  of  artillery,  and  one  company  of  cavalry.  He 
could  not  avoid 

GOING  TO  THE  SEA. 

If  he  had  been  killed,  I  doubt  not  the  men  would  have  gone  right  on. 
Lincoln  answered  all  rumors  of  Sherman's  defeat  with,  "  It  is  impossible  ; 
there  is  a  mighty  sight  of  fight  in  100,000  Western  men."  Illinois  soldiers 
brought  home  300  battle-flags.  The  first  United  States  flag  that  floated 
over  Richmond  was  an  Illinois  flag.  She  sent  messengers  and  nurses  to 
every  field  and  hospital,  to  care  for  her  sick  and  wounded  sons.  She  said, 
'•  These  suffering  ones  are  my  sons,  and  I  will  care  for  them." 

When  individuals  had  given  all,  then  cities  and  towns  came  forward 
with  their  credit  to  the  extent  of  many  millions,  to  aid  these  men  and 
their  families. 

Illinois  gave  the  country  the  great  general  of  the  war — Ulysses  S. 
Grant — since  honored  with  two  terms  of  the  Presidency  of  the  United 
States. 

One  other  name  from  Illinois  comes  up  in  all  minds,  embalmed  in  all 
hearts,  that  must  have  the  supreme  place  in  this  story  of  our  glory  and 
of  our  nation's  honor  ;  that  name  is  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illinois. 

The  analysis  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  character  is  difficult  on  account  of  its 
symmetry. 

In  this  age  we  look  with  admiration  at  his  uncompromising  honesty. 
And  well  we  may,  for  this  saved  us.  Thousands  throughout  the  length 
and  breadth  of  our  country  who  knew  him  only  as  "  Honest  Old  Abe," 
voted  for  him  on  that  account ;  and  wisely  did  they  choose,  for  no  other 
man  could  have  carried  us  through  the  fearful  night  of  the  war.  When 
his  plans  were  too  vast  for  our  comprehension,  and  his  faith  in  the  cause 
too  sublime  for  our  participation ;  when  it  was  all  night  about  us,  and  all 
dread  before  us,  and  all  sad  and  desolate  behind  us ;  when  not  one  ray 
shone  upon  our  cause ;  when  traitors  were  haughty  and  exultant  at  the 
South,  and  fierce  and  blasphemous  at  the  North  ;  when  the  loyal  men  here 
"seemed  almost  in  the  minority  ;  when  the  stoutest  heart  quailed,  the  bravest 
cheek  paled  ;  when  generals  were  defeating  each  other  for  place,  and 
contractors  were  leeching  out  the  very  heart's  blood  of  the  prostrate 
republic :  when  every  thing  else  had  failed  us,  we  looked  at  this  calm, 
patient  man  standing  like  a  rock  in  the  storm,  and  said  :     "  Mr.  l^incoln 


132  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF    ILLINOIS. 

is  honest,  and  we  can  trust  him  still.'"  Holding  to  this  single  point  with 
the  energy  of  faith  and  despair  we  held  together,  and,  under  God,  he 
brought  us  through  to  victory. 

His  practical  wisdom  made  him  the  wonder  of  all  lands.  With  such 
certainty  did  Mr.  Lincoln  follow  causes  to  their  ultimate  effects,  that  his 
foresight  of  contingencies  seemed  almost  prophetic. 

He  is  radiant  with  all  the  great  virtues,  and  his  memory  shall  shed  a 
glory  upon  this  age  that  shall  fill  the  eyes  of  men  as  they  look  into  his- 
tory. Other  men  have  excelled  him  in  some  point,  but,  taken  at  all 
points,  all  in  all,  he  stands  head  and  shoulders  above  every  other  man  of 
6,000  years.  An  administrator,  he  saved  the  nation  in  the  perils  of 
unparalleled  civil  war.  A  statesman,  he  justified  his  measures  by  their 
success.  A  philanthropist,  he  gave  liberty  to  one  race  and  salvation  to 
another.  A  moralist,  he  bowed  from  the  summit  of  human  power  to  the 
foot  of  the  Cross,  and  became  a  Christian.  A  mediator,  he  exercised  mercy 
under  the  most  absolute  abeyance  to  law.  A  leader,  he  was  -no  partisan. 
A  commander,  he  was  untainted  with  blood.  A  ruler  in  desperate  times, 
he  was  unsullied  with  crime.  A  man,  he  has  left  no  word  of  passion,  no 
thought  of  malice,  no  trick  of  craft,  no  act  of  jealousy,  no  purpose  of 
selfish  ambition.  Thus  perfected,  without  a  model,  and  without  a  peer, 
he  was  dropped  into  these  troubled  years  to  adorn  and  embellish  all  that 
is  good  and  all  that  is  great  in  our  humanity,  and  to  present  to  all  coming 
time  the  representative  of  the  divine  idea  of  free  government. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  away  down  in  the  future,  when  the 
republic  has  fallen  from  its  niche  in  the  wall  of  time  ;  when  the  great 
war  itself  shall  have  faded  out  in  the  distance  like  a  mist  on  the  horizon ; 
when  the  Anglo-Saxon  language  shall  be  spoken  only  by  the  tongue  of 
the  stranger ;  then  the  generations  looking  this  way  shall  see  the  great 
president  as  the  supreme  figure  in  this  vortex  of  historv 

CHICAGO. 

It  is  impossible  in  our  brief  space  to  give  more  than  a  meager  sketch 
of  such  a  city  as  Chicago,  which  is  in  itself  the  greatest  marvel  of  the 
Prairie  State.  This  mysterious,  majestic,  mighty  city,  born  first  of  water, 
and  next  of  fire ;  sown  in  weakness,  and  raised  in  power ;  planted  among 
the  willows  of  the  marsh,  and  crowned  with  the  glory  of  the  mountains  ; 
sleeping  on  the  bosom  of  the  prairie,  and  rocked  on  the  bosom  of  the  sea  , 
the  youngest  city  of  the  world,  and  still  the  eye  of  the  prairie,  as  Damas- 
cus, the  oldest  .city  of  the  world,  is  the  eye  of  the  desert.  With  a  com- 
merce far  exceeding  that  of  Corinth  on  her  isthmus,  in  the  highway  to 
the  East ;  with  the  defenses  of  a  continent  piled  around  her  by  the  thou- 
sand miles,  making  her  far  safer  than  Rome  on  the  banks  of  the  Tiber  ; 


HIiSTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OP    ILLINOIS. 


188 


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134  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 

with  schools  eclipsing  Alexandria  and  Athens :  with  liberties  more  con- 
spicuous than  those  of  the  old  republics  ;  with  a  heroism  equal  to  the  first 
Carthage,  and  with  a  sanctity  scarcely  second  to  that  of  Jerusalem — set 
your  thoughts  on  all  this,  hfted  into  the  eyes  of  all  men  by  the  miracle  of 
its  growth,  illuminated  by  the  flame  of  its  fall,  and  transfigured  by  the 
divinity  of  its  resurrection,  and  you  will  feel,  as  I  do,  the  utter  impossi- 
bility of  compassing  this  subject  as  it  deserves.  Some  impression  of  her 
importance  is  received  from  the  shock  her  burning  gave  to  the  civilized 
world. 

When  the  doubt  of  her  calamity  was  removed,  and  the  horrid  fact 
was  accepted,  there  went  a  shudder  over  all  cities,  and  a  quiver  over  all 
lands.  There  was  scarcely  a  town  in  the  civilized  world  that  did  not 
shake  on  the  brink  of  this  opening  chasm.  The  flames  of  our  homes  red- 
dened all  skies.  The  city  was  set  upon  a  hill,  and  could  not  be  hid.  All 
eyes  were  turned  upon  it.  To  have  struggled  and  suffered  amid  the 
scenes  of  its  fall  is  as  distinguishing  as  to  have  fought  at  Thermopylae,  or 
Salamis,  or  Hastings,  or  Waterloo,  or  Bunker  Hill. 

Its  calamity  amazed  the  world,  because  it  was  felt  to  be  the  common 
property  of  mankind. 

The  early  history  of  the  city  is  full  of  interest,  just  as  the  early  his- 
tory of  such  a  man  as  Washington  or  Lincoln  becomes  public  property, 
and  is  cherished  by  every  patriot. 

Starting  with  560  acres  in  1833,  it  embraced  and  occupied  23,000 
acres  in  1869,  and,  having  now  a  population  of  more  than  500,000,  it  com- 
mands general  attention. 

The  first  settler — Jean  Baptiste  Pointe  au  Sable,  a  mulatto  from  the 
West  Indies — came  and  began  trade  with  the  Indians  in  1796.  John 
Kinzie  became  his  successor  in  1804,  in  which  year  Fort  Dearborn  was 
erected. 

A  mere  trading-post  was  kept  here  from  that  time  till  about  the  time 
of  the  Blackhawk  war,  in  1832.  It  was  not  the  city.  It  was  merely  a 
cock  crowing  at  midnight.  The  morning  was  not  yet.  In  1833  the  set- 
tlement about  the  fort  was  incorporated  as  a  town.  The  voters  were 
divided  on  the  propriety  of  such  corporation,  twelve  voting  for  it  and  one 
against  it.  Four  years  later  it*was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  embraced 
560  acres. 

The  produce  handled  in  this  city  is  an  indication  of  its  power.  Grain 
and  flour  were  imported  from  the  East  till  as  late  as  1837.  The  first 
exportation  by  way  of  experiment  was  in  1889.  Exports  exceeded  imports 
first  in  1842.  The  Board  of  Trade  was  organized  in  1848,  but  it  was  so 
weak  that  it  needed  nursing  till  1855.  Grain  was  purchased  by  the 
wagon-load  in  the  street. 

I  remember  sitting  with  my  father  on  a  load  of  wheat,  in  the  long 


HISTORY   OF   THE  STATE  OF   ILLINOIS.  135 

line  of  wagons  along  Lake  street,  while  the  buyers  came  and  untied  the 
bags,  and  examined  the  grain,  and  made  their  bids.  That  manner  of 
business  had  to  cease  with  the  day  of  small  things.  Now  out  elevators 
will  hold  15,000,000  bushels  of  grain.  The  cash  value  of  the  produce 
handled  in  a  year  is  $215,000,000,  and  the  produce  weighs  7,000,000 
tons  or  700,000  car  loads.  This  handles  thirteen  and  a  half  ton  each 
minute,  all  the  year  round.  One  tenth  of  all  the  wheat  in  the  United 
States  is  handled  in  Chicago.  Even  as  long  ago  as  1853  the  receipts  of 
grain  in  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  the  goodly  city  of  St.  Louis,  and  in 
1854  the  exports  of  grain  from  Chicago  exceeded  those  of  New  York  and 
doubled  those  of  St.  Petersburg,  Archangel,  or  Odessa,  the  largest  grain 
markets  in  Europe. 

The  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city  are  not  contemptible.  In 
1873  manufactories  employed  45,000  operatives ;  in  1876,  60,000.  The 
manufactured  product  in  1875  was  worth  8177,000,000. 

No  estimate  of  the  size  and  power  of  Chicago  would  be  adequate 
that  did  not  put  large  emphasis  on  the  railroads.  Before  they  came 
thundering  along  our  streets  canals  were  the  hope  of  our  country.  But 
who  ever  thinks  now  of  traveling  by  canal  packets  ?  In  June,  1852, 
there  were  only  forty  miles  of  railroad  connected  with  the  city.  The 
old  Galena  division  of  the  Northwestern  ran  out  to  Elgin.  But  now, 
who  can  count  the  trains  and  measure  the  roads  that  seek  a  terminus  or 
connection  in  this  city  ?  The  lake  stretches  away  to  the  north,  gathering 
in  to  this  center  all  the  harvests  that  might  otherwise  pass  to  the  north 
of  us.  If  you  will  take  a  map  and  look  at  the  adjustment  of  railroads, 
you  will  see,  first,  that  Chicago  is  the  great  railroad  center  of  the  world, 
as  New  York  is  the  commercial  city  of  this  continent ;  and,  second,  that 
the  railroad  lines  form  the  iron  spokes  of  a  great  wheel  whose  hub  is 
this  city.  The  lake  furnishes  the  only  break  in  the  spokes,  and  this 
seems  simply  to  have  pushed  a  few  spokes  together  on  each  shore.  See 
the  eighteen  trunk  lines,  exclusive  of  eastern  connections. 

Pass  round  the  circle,  and  view  their  numbers  and  extent.  There 
is  the  great  Northwestern,  with  all  its  branches,  one  branch  creeping 
along  the  lake  shore,  and  so  reaching  to  the  north,  into  the  Lake  Superior 
regions,  away  to  the  right,  and  on  to  the  Northern  Pacific  on  the  left, 
swinging  around  Green  Bay  for  iron  and  copper  and  silver,  twelve  months 
in  the  year,  and  reaching  out  for  the  wealth  of  the  great  agricultural 
belt  and  isothermal  line  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific.  Another 
branch,  not  so  far  north,  feeling  for  the  heart  of  the  Badger  State. 
Another  pushing  lower  down  the  Mississippi — all  these  make  many  con- 
nections, and  tapping  all  the  vast  wheat  regions  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  all  the  regions  this  side  of  sunset.  There  is  that  elegant  road, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington   &  Quincy,  running  out  a  goodly   number  of 


136 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE    OF    ILLINOIS. 


OLD    PORT   DEARBORN,    1830. 


PRESENT    SITE    OF    LAKE    STREET    BRIDGE,    CHICAGO,    IN    1833. 


HISTORY    OF  THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  137 

branches,  and  reaping  the  great  fields  this  side  of  the  Missouri  River. 
I  can  only  mention  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis,  our  Illinois  Central, 
described  elsewhere,  and  the  Chicago  &  Rock  Island.  Further  around 
we  come  to  the  lines  connecting  us  with  all  the  eastern  cities.  The 
Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis,  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  and  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral and  Great  Western,  give  us  many  highwa3^s  to  the  seaboard.  Thus  we 
reach  the  Mississippi  at  five  points,  from  St.  Paul  to  Cairo  and  the  Gulf 
itself  by  two  routes.  We  also  reach  Cincinnati  and  Baltimore,  and  Pitts- 
burgh and  Philadelphia,  and  New  York.  North  and  south  run  the  water 
courses  of  the  lakes  and  the  rivers,  broken  just  enough  at  this  point  to 
make  a  pass.  Through  this,  from  east  to  west,  run  the  long  lines  that 
stretch  from  ocean  to  ocean. 

This  is  the  neck  of  the  glass,  and  the  golden  sands  of  commerce 
must  pass  into  our  hands.  Altogether  we  have  more  than  10,000  miles 
of  railroad,  directly  tributary  to  this  city,  seeking  to  unload  their  Avealth 
in  our  coffers.  All  these  roads  have  come  themselves  by  the  infallible 
instinct  of  capital.  Not  a  dollar  was  ever  given  by  the  city  to  secure 
one  of  them,  and  only  a  small  per  cent,  of  stock  taken  originally  by  her 
citizens,  and  that  taken  simply  as  an  investment.  Coming  in  the  natural 
order  of  events,  they  will  not  be  easily  diverted. 

There  is  still  another  showing  to  all  this.  The  connection  between 
New  York  and  San  Francisco  is  by  the  middle  route.  This  passes  inevit- 
ably through  Chicago.  St.  Louis  wants  the  Southern  Pacific  or  Kansas 
Pacific,  and  pushes  it  out  through  Denver,  and  so  on  up  to  Cheyenne. 
But  before  the  road  is  fairly  under  way,  the  Chicago  roads  shove  out  to 
Kansas  City,  making  even  the  Kansas  Pacific  a  feeder,  and  actually  leav- 
ing St.  Louis  out  in  the  cold.  It  is  not  too  much  to  expect  that  Dakota, 
Montana,  and  Washington  Territory  will  find  their  great  market  in  Chi- 


cago. 


But  these  are  not  all.  Perhaps  I  had  better  notice  here  the  ten  or 
fifteen  new  roads  that  have  just  entered,  or  are  just  entering,  our  city. 
Their  names  are  all  that  is  necessary  to  give.  Chicago  &  St.  Paul,  look- 
ing up  the  Red  River  country  to  the  British  possessions ;  the  Chicago, 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  ;  the  Chicago,  Decatur  &  State  Line ;  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio;  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes;  the  Chicago  &  LaSalle  Rail- 
road ;  the  Chicago,  Pittsburgh  &  Cincinnati ;  the  Chicago  and'  Canada 
Southern ;  the  Chicago  and  Illinois  River  Railroad.  These,  with  their 
connections,  and  with  the  new  connections  of  the  old  roads,  already  in 
process  of  erection,  give  to  Chicago  not  less  than  10,000  miles  of  new 
tributaries  from  the  richest  land  on  the  continent.  Thus  there  will  be 
added  to  the  reserve  power,  to  the  capital  within  reach  of  this  city,  not 
less  than  $1,000,000,000. 


138 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 


Add  to  all  this  transporting  power  the  ships  that  sail  one  every  nine 
minutes  of  the  business  hours  of  the  season  of  navigation ;  add,  also,  the 
canal  boats  that  leave  one  every  five  minutes  during  the  same  time — and 
you  will  see  something  of  the  business  of  the  city. 


THE  COMMERCE  OF  THIS  CITY 

has  been  leaping  along  to  keep  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  country 
around  us.  In  1852,  our  commerce  reached  the  hopeful  sum  of 
820,000,000.  In  1870  it  reached  1400,000,000.  In  1871  it  was  pushed 
up  above  1450,000,000.     And  in  1875  it  touched  nearly  double  that. 

One-half  of  our  imported  goods  come  directly  to  Chicago.  Grain 
enough  is  exported  directly  from  our  docks  to  the  old  world  to  employ  a 
semi-weekly  line  of  steamers  of  3,000  tons  capacity.  This  branch  is 
not  likely  to  be  greatly  developed.  Even  after  the  great  Welland  Canal 
is  completed  we  shall  have  only  fourteen  feet  of  water.  The  great  ocean 
vessels  will  continue  to  control  the  trade. 

The  banking  capital  of  Chicago  is  $24,431,000.  Total  exchange  in 
1875,  $659,000,000.  Her  wholesale  business  in  1875  was  $294,000,000. 
The  rate  of  taxes  is  less  than  in  any  other  great  city. 

The  schools  of  Chicago  are  unsurpassed  in  America.  Out  of  a  popu- 
lation of  300,000  there  were  only  186  persons  between  the  ages  of  six 
and  twenty-one  unable  to  read.     This  is  the  best  known  record. 

In  1831  the  mail  system  was  condensed  into  a  half-breed,  who  went 
on  foot  to  Niles,  Mich.,  once  in  two  weeks,  and  brought  back  what  papers 
and  news  he  could  find.  As  late  as  1846  there  was  often  only  one  mail 
a  week.  A  post-ofi&ce  was  established  in  Chicago  in  1833,  and  the  post- 
master nailed  up  old  boot-legs  on  one  side  of  his  shop  to  serve  as  boxes 
for  the  nabobs  and  literary  men. 

It  is  an  interesting  fact  in  the  growth  of  the  young  city  that  in  the 
active  life  of  the  business  men  of  that  day  the  mail  matter  has  grown  to 
a  daily  average  of  over  6,500  pounds.  It  speaks  equally  well  for  the 
intelligence  of  the  people  and  the  commercial  importance  of  the  place, 
that  the  mail  matter  distributed  to  the  territory  immediately  tributary  to 
Chicago  is  seven  times  greater  than  that  distributed  to  the  territory 
immediately  tributary  to  St.  Louis. 

The  improvements  that  have  characterized  the  city  are  as  startling 
as  the  city  itself.  In  1831,  Mark  Beaubien  established  a  ferry  over  the 
river,  and  put  himself  under  bonds  to  carry  all  the  citizens  free  for  the 
privilege  of  charging  strangers.     Now  there  are  twenty-four  large  bridges 

and  two  tunnels. 

In  1833  the  government  expended  $30,000  on  the  harbor.  Then 
commenced  that  series  of  manoeuvers  with  the  river  that  has  made  it  one 


HISTORY  OF  THE  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS.  15^ 

of  the  world's  curiosities.  It  used  to  wind  around  in  the  lower  end  of 
the  town,  and  make  its  way  rippling  over  the  sand  into  the  lake  at  the 
foot  of  Madison  street.  They  took  it  up  and  put  it  down  where  it  now 
is.  It  was  a  narrow  stream,  so  narrow  that  even  moderately  small  crafts 
had  to  go  up  through  the  willows  and  cat's  tails  to  the  point  near  Lake 
street  bridge,  and  back  up  one  of  the  branches  to  get  room  enough  in 
which  to  turn  around. 

In  1844  the  quagmires  in  the  streets  were  first  pontooned  by  plank 
roads,  which  acted  in  wet  weather  as  public  squirt-guns.  Keeping  you 
out  of  the  mud,  they  compromised  by  squirting  the  mud  over  you.  The 
wooden-block  pavements  came  to  Chicago  in  1857.  In  1840  water  was 
delivered  by  peddlers  in  carts  or  by  hand.  Then  a  twenty-five  horse- 
power engine  pushed  it  through  hollow  or  bored  logs  along  the  streets 
till  1854,  when  it  was  introduced  into  the  houses  by  new  works.  The 
first  fire-engine  was  used  in  1835,  and  the  first  steam  fire-engine  in  1859. 
Gas  was  utilized  for  lighting  the  city  in  1850.  The  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  was  organized  in  1858,  and  horse  railroads  carried  them 
to  their  work  in  1859.  The  museum  was  opened  in  1863.  The  alarm 
telegraph  adopted  in  1864.  The  opera-house  built  in  1865.  The  city 
grew  from  560  acres  in  1833  to  23,000  in  1869.  In  1834,  the  taxes 
amounted  to  $48.90,  and  the  trustees  of  the  town  borrowed  $60  more  for 
opening  and  improving  streets.  In  1835,  the  legislature  authorized  a  loan 
of  $2,000,  and  the  treasurer  and  street  commissioners  resigned  rather  than 
plunge  the  town  into  such  a  gulf. 

Now  the  city  embraces  36  square  miles  of  territory,  and  has  30  miles 
of  water  front,  besides  the  outside  harbor  of  refuge,  of  400  acres,  inclosed 
by  a  crib  sea-wall.  One-third  of  the  city  has  been  raised  up  an  average 
of  eight  feet,  giving  good  pitch  to  the  263  miles  of  sewerage.  The  water 
of  the  city  is  above  all  competition.  It  is  received  through  two  tunnels 
extending  to  a  crib  in  the  lake  two  miles  from  shore.  The  closest  analy- 
sis fails  to  detect  any  impurities,  and,  received  35  feet  below  the  surface, 
it  is  always  clear  and  cold.  The  first  tunnel  is  five  feet  two  inches  in 
diameter  and  two  miles  long,  and  can  deliver  50,000,000  of  gallons  per 
dav.  The  second  tunnel  is  seven  feet  in  diameter  and  six  miles  lonsf, 
running  four  miles  under  the  city,  and  can  deliver  100,000,000  of  gal- 
lons per  day.  This  water  is  distributed  through  410  miles  of  water- 
mains. 

The  three  grand  engineering  exploits  of  the  city  are :  First,  lifting 
the  city  up  on  jack-screws,  whole  squares  at  a  time,  without  interrupting 
the  business,  thus  giving  us  good  drainage  ;  second,  running  the  tunnels 
under  the  lake,  giving  us  the  best  water  in  the  world ;  and  third,  the 
turning  the  current  of  the  river  in  its  own  channel,  delivering  us  from  the 
old  abominations,  and  making  decency  possible.     They  redound  about 


140 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 


equally  to  the  credit  of  the  engineering,  to  the  energy  of  the  people,  and 
to  the  healtli  of  the  city. 

That  which  really  constitutes  the  city,  its  indescribable  spirit,  its  soul, 
the  way  it  lights  up  in  every  feature  in  the  hour  of  action,  has  not  been 
touched.  In  meeting  strangei's,  one  is  often  surprised  how  some  homely 
women  marry  so  well.  Their  forms  are  bad,  their  gait  uneven  and  awk- 
ward, their  complexion  is  dull,  their  features  are  misshapen  and  mismatch- 
ed, and  when  we  see  them  there  is  no  beauty  that  we  should  desire  them. 
But  when  once  they  are  aroused  on  some  subject,  they  put  on  new  pro- 
portions. They  light  up  into  great  power.  The  real  person  comes  out 
from  its  unseemly  ambush,  and  captures  us  at  will.  They  have  power. 
They  have  ability  to  cause  things  to  come  to  pass.  We  no  longer  wonder 
why  they  are  in  such  high  demand.     So  it  is  with  our  city. 

There  is  no  grand  scenery  except  the  two  seas,  one  of  water,  the 
other  of  prairie.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  spirit  about  it,  a  push,  a  breadth, 
a  power,  that  soon  makes  it  a  place  never  to  be  forsaken.  One  soon 
ceases  to  believe  in  impossibilities.  Balaams  are  the  only  prophets  that  are 
disappointed.  The  bottom  that  has  been  on  the  point  of  falling  out  has 
been  there  so  long  that  it  has  grown  fast.  It  can  not  fall  out.  It  has  all 
tke  capital  of  the  world  itching  to  get  inside  the  corporation. 

The  two  great  laws  that  govern  the  growth  and  size  of  cities  are, 
first,  the  amount  of  territory  for  which  they  are  the  distributing  and 
receiving  points  ;  second,  the  number  of  medium  or  moderate  dealers  that 
do  this  distributing.  Monopolists  build  up  themselves,  not  the  cities. 
They  neither  eat,  wear,  nor  live  in  proportion  to  their  business.  Both 
these  laws  help  Chicago. 

The  tide  of  trade  is  eastward — not  up  or  down  the  map,  but  across 
the  map.  The  lake  runs  up  a  wingdam  for  500  miles  to  gather  in  the 
business.  Commerce  can  not  ferry  up  there  for  seven  months  in  the  year, 
and  the  facilities  for  seven  months  can  do  the  work  for  twelve.  Then  the 
great  region  west  of  us  is  nearly  all  good,  productive  land.  Dropping 
south  into  the  trail  of  St.  Louis,  you  fall  into  vast  deserts  and  rocky  dis- 
tricts, useful  in  holding  the  world  together.  St.  Louis  and  Cincinnati, 
instead  of  rivaling  and  hurting  Chicago,  are  her  greatest  sureties  of 
dominion.  They  are  far  enough  away  to  give  sea-room, — farther  off  than 
Paris  is  from  London, — and  yet  they  are  near  enough  to  prevent  the 
springing  up  of  any  other  great  city  between  them. 

St.  Louis  will  be  helped  by  the  opening  of  the  Mississippi,  but  also 
hurt.  That  will  put  New  Orleans  on  her  feet,  and  with  a  railroad  running 
over  into  Texas  and  so  West,  she  will  tap  the  streams  that  now  crawl  up 
the  Texas  and  Missouri  road.  The  current  is  East,  not  North,  and  a  sea- 
port at  New  Orleans  can  not  permanently  help  St.  Louis. 

Chicago  is  in  the  field  almost  alone,  to  handle  the  wealth  of  one- 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF    ILLINOIS.  141 

fourth  of  the  territory  of  this  great  republic.  This  strip  of  seacoast 
divides  its  margins  between  Portland,  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore  and  Savannah,  or  some  other  great  port  to  be  created  for  the 
South  in  the  next  decade.  But  Chicago  has  a  dozen  empires  casting  their 
treasures  into  her  lap.  On  a  bed  of  coal  that  can  run  all  the  machinery 
of  the  world  for  500  centuries ;  in  a  garden  that  can  feed  the  race  by  the 
thousand  years;  at  the  head  of  the  lakes  that  give  her  a  temperature  as  a 
summer  resort  equaled  by  no  great  city  in  the  land ;  with  a  climate  that 
insures  the  health  of  her  citizens ;  surrounded  by  all  the  great  deposits 
of  natural  wealth  in  mines  aud  forests  and  herds,  Chicago  is  the  wonder 
of  to-day,  and  will  be  the  city  of  the  future. 

MASSACRE  AT  FORT  DEARBORN. 

During  the  war  of  1812,  Fort  Dearborn  became  the  theater  of  stirring 
<3vents.  The  garrison  consisted  of  fifty-four  men  under  command  of 
Captain  Nathan  Heald,  assisted  by  Lieutenant  Helm  (son-in-law  of  Mrs. 
Kinzie)  and  Ensign  Ronan.  Dr.  Voorhees  was  surgeon.  The  only  resi- 
dents at  the  post  at  that  time  were  the  wives  of  Captain  Heald  and  Lieu- 
tenant Helm,  and  a  few  of  the  soldiers,  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family,  and 
a  few  Canadian  voyageurs,  with  their  wives  and  children.  The  soldiers 
and  Mr.  Kinzie  were  on  most  friendly  terms  with  the  Pottawattamies 
and  Winnebagos,  the  principal  tribes  around'  them,  but  they  could  not 
win  them  from  their  attachment  to  the  British. 

One  evening  in  April,  1812,  Mr.  Kinzie  sat  playing  on  his  violin  and 
his  children  were  dancing  to  the  music,  when  Mrs.  Kinzie  came  rushing 
into  the  house,  pale  with  terror,  and  exclaiming :  "  The  Indians !  the 
Indians!"  "What?  Where?"  eagerly  inquired  Mr.  Kinzie.  "Up 
at  Lee's,  killing  and  scalping,"  answered  the  frightened  mother,  who, 
when  the  alarm  was  given,  was  attending  Mrs.  Barnes  (just  confined) 
living  not  far  off.  Mr.  Kinzie  and  his  family  crossed  the  river  and  took 
refuge  in  the  fort,  to  which  place  Mrs.  Barnes  and  her  infant  not  a  day 
old  were  safely  conveyed.  The  rest  of  the  inhabitants  took  shelter  in  the 
fort.  This  alarm  was  caused  by  a  scalping  party  of  Winnebagos,  who 
hovered  about  the  fort  several  days,  when  they  disappeared,  and  for  several 
weeks  the  inhabitants  were  undisturbed. 

On  the  7th  of'  August,  1812,  General  Hull,  at  Detroit,  sent  orders  to 
Captain  Heald  to  evacuate  Fort  Dearborn,  and  to  distribute  all  the  United 
States  property  to  the  Indians  in  the  neighborhood — a  most  insane  order. 
The  Pottawattamie  chief,  who  brought  the  dispatch,  had  more  wisdom 
than  the  commanding  general.  He  advised  Captain  Heald  not  to  make 
the  distribution.  Said  he  :  "  Leave  the  fort  and  stores  as  they  are,  and 
let  the  Indians  make  distribution  for  themselves ;  and  while  they  are 
engaged  in  the  business,  the  white  people  may  escape  to  Fort  Wayne." 


hmi:'''^'^- 


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HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  143 

Captain  Heald  held  a  council  with  the  Indians  on  the  afternoon  ot 
the  12th,  in  which  his  officers  refused  to  join,  for  they  had  been  informed 
that  treachery  was  designed — that  the  Indians  intended  to  murder  the 
white  people  in  the  council,  and  then  destroy  those  in  the  fort.  Captain 
Heald,  however,  took  the  precaution  to  open  a  port-hole  displaying  a 
cannon    pointing  directly  upon  the  council,  and  by  that  means  saved 

his  life. 

Mr.  Kinzie,  who  knew  the  Indians  well»  begged  Captain  Heald  not 
to  confide  in  their  promises,  nor  distribute  the  arras  and  munitions  among 
them,  for  it  would  only  put  power  into  their  hands  to  destroy  the  whites. 
Actino-  upon  this  advice,  Heald  resolved  to  withhold  the  munitions  of 
war ;  and  on  the  night  of  the  13th,  after  the  distribution  of  the  other 
property  had  been  made,  the  powder,  ball  and  liquors  were  thrown  into 
the  river,  the  muskets  broken  up  and  destroyed. 

Black  Partridge,  a  friendly  chief,  came  to  Captain  Heald,  and  said : 
"  Linden  birds  have  been  singing  in  my  ears  to-day :  be  careful  on  the 
march  you  are  going  to  take."  On  that  dark  night  vigilant  Indians  had 
crept  near  the  fort  and  discovered  the  destruction  of  their  promised  booty 
o-oino-  on  within.  The  next  morning  the  powder  was  seen  floating  on  the 
surface  of  the  river.  The  savages  were  exasperated  and  made  loud  com- 
plaints and  threats. 

On  the  following  day  when  preparations  were  making  to  leave  the 
fort,  and  all  the  inmates  were  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  impend- 
ing danger,  Capt.  Wells,  an  uncle  of  Mrs.  Heald,  was  discovered  upon 
the  Indian  trail  among  the  sand-hills  on  the  borders  of  the  lake,  not  far 
distant,  with  a  band  of  mounted  Miamis,  of  whose  tribe  he  was  chief, 
having  been  adopted  by  the  famous  Miami  warrior,  Little  Turtle.  When 
news  of  Hull's  surrender  reached  Fort  Wayne,  he  had  started  with  this 
force  to  assist  Heald  in  defending  Fort  Dearborn.  He  was  too  late. 
Every  means  for  its  defense  had  been  destroyed  the  night  before,  and 
arrangements  were  made  for  leaving  the  fort  on  the  morning  of  the  15th. 

It  was  a  warm  bright  morning  in  the  middle  of  August.  Indications 
were  positive  that  the  savages  intended  to  murder  the  white  people ;  and 
when  they  moved  out  of  the  southern  gate  of  the  fort,  the  march  was 
like  a  funeral  procession.  The  band,  feeling  the  solemnity  of  the  occa- 
sion, struck  up  the  Dead  March  in  Saul. 

Capt.  Wells,  who  had  blackened  his  face  with  gun-powder  in  token 
of  his  fate,  took  the  lead  with  his  band  of  Miamis,  followed  by  Capt. 
Heald,  with  his  wife  by  his  side  on  horseback.  Mr.  Kinzie  hoped  by  his 
personal  influence  to  avert  the  impending  blow,  and  therefore  accompanied 
them,  leaving  his  family  in  a  boat  in  charge  of  a  friendly  Indian,  to  be 
taken  to  his  trading  station  at  the  site  of  Niles,  Michigan,  in  the  event  or 
his  death. 


144 


HISTOIiY   OF   THE   STATE   OF  ILLINOifa. 


HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS.  1-io 

The  procession  moved  slowly  along  the  lake  shore  till  they  reached 
the  sand-hills  between  the  prairie  and  the  beach,  when  the  Pottawattamie 
escort,  under  the  leadership  of  Blackbird,  filed  to  the  right,  placing  those 
hills  between  them  and  the  white  people.  Wells,  with  his  Miamis,  had 
kept  in  the  advance.  They  suddenly  came  rushing  back,  Wells  exclaim- 
ing, "  They  are  about  to  attack  us ;  form  instantly."  These  words  were 
quickly  followed  by  a  storm  of  bullets,  which  came  whistling  over  the 
little  hills  which  the  treacherous  savages  had  made  the  covert  for  their 
murderous  attack.  The  white  troops  charged  upon  the  Indians,  drove 
them  back  to  the  prairie,  and  then  the  battle  was  waged  between  fifty- 
four  soldiers,  twelve  civilians  and  three  or  four  women  (the  cowardly 
Miamis  having  fled  at  the  outset)  against  five  hundred  Indian  warriors. 
The  white  people,  hopeless,  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible. 
Ensign  Ronan  wielded  his  weapon  vigorously,  even  after  falling  upon  his 
knees  weak  from  the  loss  of  blood.  Capt.  Wells,  who  was  by  the  side  of 
his  niece,  Mrs.  Heald,  when  the  conflict  began,  behaved  with  the  greatest 
coolness  and  courage.  He  said  to  her,  "  We  have  not  the  slightest  chance 
for  life.  We  must  part  to  meet  no  more  in  this  world.  God  bless  you." 
And  then  he  dashed  forward.  Seeing  a  young  warrior,  painted  like  a 
demon,  climb  into  a  wagon  in  which  were  twelve  children,  and  tomahawk 
them  all,  he  cried  out,  unmindful  of  his  personal  danger,  "  If  that  is  your 
o-ame,  butchering  women  and  children,  I  will  kill  too."  He  spurred  his 
horse  towards  the  Indian  camp,  where  they  had  left  their  squaws  and 
papooses,  hotly  pursued  by  swift-footed  young  warriors,  who  sent  bullets 
whistling  after  him.  One  of  these  killed  his  horse  and  wounded  him 
severely  in  the  leg.  With  a  yell  the  young  braves  rushed  to  make  him 
their  prisoner  and  reserve  him  for  torture.  He  resolved  not  to  be  made 
a  captive,  and  by  the  use  of  the  most  provoking  epithets  tried  to  induce 
them  to  kill  him  instantly.  He  called  a  fiery  young  chief  a  squaw,  when 
the  enraged  warrior  killed  Wells  instantly  with  his  tomahawk,  jumped 
upon  his  body,  cut  out  his  heart,  and  ate  a  portion  of  the  warm  morsel 
with  savage  delight ! 

In  this  fearful  combat  women  bore  a  conspicuous  part.  Mrs.  Heald 
was  an  excellent  equestrian  and  an  expert  in  the  use  of  the  rifle.  She 
fought  the  savages  bravely,  receiving  several  severe  wounds.  Though 
faint  from  the  loss  of  blood,  she  managed  to  keep  her  saddle.  A  savage 
raised  his  tomahawk  to  kill  her,  when  she  looked  him  full  in  the  face, 
and  with  a  sweet  smile  and  in  a  gentle  voice  said,  in  his  own  language, 
'*  Surely  you  will  not  kill  a  squaw  !  "  The  arm  of  the  savage  fell,  and 
the  life  of  the  heroic  woman  was  saved. 

Mrs.  Helm,  the  step-daughter  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  had  an  encounter  with 
a  stout  Indian,  who  attempted  to  tomahawk  her.  Springing  to  one  side, 
she  received  the  glancing  blow  oh  her  shoulder,  and  at  the  same  instant 


146  HISTORY   OF   THE   STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 

seized  the  savage  round  the  neck  with  her  arms  and  endeavored  to  get 
hold  of  his  scalping  knife,  which  hung  in  a  sheath  at  his  breast.  While 
she  was  thus  struggling  she  was  dragged  from  her  antagonist  by  anothei 
powerful  Indian,  who  bore  her,  in  spite  of  her  struggles,  to  the  margin 
of  the  lake  and  plunged  her  in.  To  her  astonishment  she  was  held  by 
him  so  that  she  would  not  drown,  and  she  soon  perceived  that  she  was 
in  the  hands  of  the  friendly  Black  Partridge,  who  had  saved  her  life. 

The  wife  of  Sergeant  Holt,  a  large  and  powerful  woman,  behaved  as 
bravely  as  an  Amazon.  She  rode  a  fine,  high-spirited  horse,  which  the 
Indians  coveted,  and  several  of  them  attacked  her  with  the  butts  of  their 
guns,  for  the  purpose  of  dismounting  her ;  but  she  used  the  sword  which 
she  had  snatched  from  her  disabled  husband  so  skillfully  that  she  foiled 
them ;  and,  suddenly  wheeling  her  horse,  she  dashed  over  the  prairie, 
followed  by  the  savages  shouting,  "  The  brave  woman  !  the  brave  woman  ! 
Don't  hurt  her  !  "  They  finally  overtook  her,  and  while  she  was  fighting 
them  in  front,  a  powerful  savage  came  up  behind  her,  seized  her  by  the 
neck  and  dragged  her  to  the  ground.  Horse  and  woman  were  made 
captives.  Mrs.  Holt  was  a  long  time  a  captive  among  the  Indians,  but 
was  afterwards  ransomed. 

In  this  sharp  conflict  two-thirds  of  the  white  people  were  slain  and 
wounded,  and  all  their  horses,  baggage  and  provision  were  lost.  Only 
twenty-eight  straggling  men  now  remained  to  fight  five  hundred  Indians 
rendered  furious  by  the  sight  of  blood.  They  succeeded  in  breaking 
through  the  ranks  of  the  murderers  and  gaining  a  slight  eminence  on  the 
prairie  near  the  Oak  Woods.  The  Indians  did  not  pursue,  but  gathered 
on  their  flanks,  while  the  chiefs  held  a  consultation  on  the  sand-hills,  and 
showed  signs  of  willingness  to  parley.  It  would  have  been  madness  on 
the  part  of  the  whites  to  renew  the  fight ;  and  so  Capt.  Heald  went  for- 
ward and  met  Blackbird  on  the  open  prairie,  where  terms  of  surrender 
were  soon  agreed  upon.  It  was  arranged  that  the  white  people  should 
give  up  their  arms  to  Blackbird,  and  that  the  survivors  should  become 
prisoners  of  war,  to  be  exchanged  for  ransoms  as  soon  as  practicable. 
With  this  understanding  captives  and  captors  started  for  the  Indian 
camp  near  the  fort,  to  which  Mrs.  Helm  had  been  taken  bleeding  and 
suffering  b}^  Black  Partridge,  and  had  met  her  step-father  and  learned 
that  her  husband  was  safe. 

A  new  scene  of  horror  was  now  opened  at  the  Indian  camp.  The 
wounded,  not  being  included  in  the  terms  of  surrender,  as  it  was  inter- 
preted by  the  Indians,  and  the  British  general,  Proctor,  having  offered  a 
liberal  bounty  for  American  scalps,  delivered  at  Maiden,  nearly  all  the 
wounded  men  were  killed  and  scalped,  and  the  price  of  the  trophies  was 
afterwards  paid  by  the  British  government. 


HISTORY    OF   THE    STATE   OF   ILLINOIS. 


149 


SHABBONA. 


[This  was  engraved  from  a  daguerreotype,  taken  when  Shabbona  was  83  years  old.] 


This  celebrated  Indian  chief,  whose  portrait  appears  in  this  work,  deserves 
more  than  a  passing  notice.  Although  Shabbona  was  not  so  conspicuous  as 
Tecuraseh  or  Black  Hawk,  yet  in  point  of  merit  he  was  superior  to  either 
of  them. 

Shabbona  was  born  at  an  Indian  village  on  the  Kankakee  River,  now  in 
Will  County,  about  the  year  1775.  While  young  he  was  made  chief  of  the 
band,  and  went  to  Shabbona  Grove,  now  DeKalb  County,  where  they  were 
found  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  county. 

In  the  war  of  1812,  Shabbona,  with  his  warriors,  joined  Tecumseh,  was 


150  HISTORY   OF   THE    STATE    OF    ILLINOIS. 

aid  to  that  great  chief,  and  stood  hy  liis  side  when  he  fell  at  the  battle  of 
the  Thames.  At  the  time  of  the  Winnebago  war,  in  1827,  he  visited  almost 
every  village  among  the  Pottawatomies,  and  by  his  persuasive  arguments 
prevented  them  from  taking  part  in  the  Avar.  Hy  request  of  the  citizens 
of  Chicago,  Shabbona,  accompanied  bj  Billy  Caldwell  (Sauganash),  visited 
Big  Foot's  village  at  Geneva  Lake,  in  order  to  pacify  the  warriors,  as  fears 
were  entertained  that  they  were  about  to  raise  the  tomahawk  against  the 
whites.  Here  Shabbona  was  taken  prisoner  by  Big  Foot,  and  his  life 
threatened,  but  on  the  following  day  was  set  at  liberty.  From  that  time 
the  Indians  (through  reproach)  styled  him  "  the  white  man's  friend," 
and  many  times  his  life  was  endangered. 

Before  the  Black  Hawk  war,  Shabbona  met  in  council  at  two  differ- 
ent times,  and  by  his  influence  j^jrevented  his  people  from  taking  part  with 
the  Sacs  and  Foxes.  After  the  death  of  Black  Partridge  and  Senachwine, 
no  chief  among  the  Pottawatomies  exerted  so  much  influence  as  Shabbona. 
Black  Hawk,  aware  of  this  influence,  visited  him  at  two  different  times,  in 
order  to  enlist  him  in  his  cause,  but  was  unsuccessful.  While  Black  Hawk 
was  a  prisoner  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  he  said,  had  it  not  been  for  Shabbona 
the  whole  Pottawatomie  nation  would  have  joined  his  standard,  and  he 
could  have  continued  the  war  for  years. 

To  Shabbona  many  of  the  early  settlers  of  Illinois  owe  the  pres- 
ervation of  their  lives,  for  it  is  a  well-known  fact,  had  he  not  notified  the 
people  of  their  danger,  a  large  portion  of  them  would  have  fallen  victims 
to  the  tomahawk  of  savages.  B}^  saving  the  lives  of  whites  he  endangered 
his  own,  for  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  threatened  to  kill  him,  and  made  two 
attempts  to  execute  their  threats.  They  killed  Pypeogee,  his  son,  and 
Pyps,  his  nephew,  and  hunted  him  down  as  though  he  was  a  wild  beast. 

Shabbona  had  a  reservation  of  two  sections  of  land  at  his  Grove,  but 
by  leaving  it  and  going  west  for  a  short  time,  the  Government  declared 
the  reservation  forfeited,  and  sold  it  the  same  as  other  vacant  land.  On 
Shabbona's  return,  and  finding  his  possessions  gone,  he  was  very  sad  and 
broken  down  in  spirit,  and  left  the  Grove  for  ever.  The  citizens  of  Ottawa 
raised  money  and  bought  him  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Illinois  River,  above 
Seneca,  in  Grundy  County,  on  which  they  built  a  house,  and  supplied 
him  with  means  to  live  on.  He  lived  here  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
on  the  17th  of  July,  1859,  in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of  his  age,  and  was 
buried  with  great  pomp  in  the  cemetery  at  Morris.  His  squaw,  Pokanoka, 
was  drowned  in  Mazen  Creek,  Grundy  County,  on  the  30th  of  November, 
1864,  and  was  buried  by  his  side. 

In  1861  subscriptions  were  taken  up  in  many  of  the  river  towns,  to 
erect  a  monument  over  the  remains  of  Shabbona,  but  the  war  breaking 
out,  the  enterprise  was  abandoned.  Only  a  plain  marble  slab  marks  the 
resting-place  of  this  friend  of  the  white  man. 


Abstract  of    Illinois    State   Laws. 


BILLS  OF  EXCHANGE  AND  PROMISSORY  NOTES. 

No  promissory  note,  check,  draft,  hill  of  exchange,  order,  or  note,  nego- 
tiahle  instrument  payable  at  sight,  or  on  demand,  or  on  presentment,  shall 
be  entitled  to  days  of  grace.  All  other  bills  of  exchange,  drafts  or  notes  are 
.entitled  to  three  days  of  grace.  All  the  above  mentioned  paper  falling 
due  on  Sunday,  New  Years'  Day,  the  Fourth  of  July,  Christmas,  or  any 
day  appointed  or  recommended  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  or 
the  Governor  of  the  State  as  a  day  of  fast  or  thanksgiving,  shall  be  deemed 
as  due  on  the  day  previous,  and  should  two  or  more  of  these  days  come 
together,  then  such  instrument  shall  be  treated  as  due  on  the  didij  i^revious 
to  the  first  of  said  days.  No  defense  can  be  made  against  a  negotiable 
instrument  (^assigned  before  due}  in  the  hands  of  .the  assignee  without 
notice,  except  fraud  was  used  in  obtaining  the  same.  To  hold  an  indorser, 
due  diligence  must  be  used  by  suit,  in  collecting  of  the  maker,  unless  suit 
would  have  been  unavailing.  Notes  payable  to  person  7iamed  or  to  order, 
in  order  to  absolutely  transfer  title,  must  be  indorsed  by  the  payee.  Notes 
payable  to  bearer  may  be  transferred  by  delivery,  and  when  so  payable 
every  indorser  thereon  is  held  as  a  guarantor  of  payment  unless  otherwise 
expressed. 

In  computing  interest  or  discount  on  negotiable  instruments,  a  month 
shall  be  considered  a  calendar  ynonth  or  twelfth  of  a  year,  and  for  less 
than  a  month,  a  day  shall  be  figured  a  thirtieth  part  of  a  month.  Notes 
only  bear  interest  when  so  expressed,  but  after  due  they  draw  the  legal 
interest,  even  if  not  stated. 

INTEREST. 

The  legal  rate  of  interest  is  six  per  cent.  Parties  may  agree  in  writ- 
ing on  a  rate  not  exceeding  ten  per  cent.  If  a  rate  of  interest  greater 
than  ten  per  cent,  is  contracted  for,  it  works  a  forfeiture  of  the  whole  of 
said  interest,  and  only  the  principal  can  be  recovered.  , 

DESCENT. 

When  no  will  is  made,  the  property  of  a  deceased  person  is  distrib- 
uted as  follows : 


152  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

First.  To  his  or  her  children  and  their  descendants  in  equal  parts  ; 
the  descendants  of  the  deceased  child  or  grandchild  taking  the  share  of 
their  deceased  parents  in  equal  parts  among  them. 

Second.  Where  there  is  no  child,  nor  descendant  of  such  child,  and 
no  widow  or  surviving  husband,  then  to  the  parents,  brothers  and  sisters 
of  the  deceased,  and  their  descendants,  in  equal  parts,  the  surviving  J 
parent,  if  either  be  dead,  taking  a  double  portion  ;  and  if  there  is  no 
parent  living,  then  to' the  brothers  and  sisters  of  the  intestate  and  their 
descendants. 

Third.  When  there  is  a  widow  or  surviving  husband,  and  no  child  or 
children,  or  descendants  of  the  same,  then  one-half  of  the  real  estate  and 
the  whole  of  the  personal  estate  shall  descend  to  such  widow  or  surviving 
husband,  absolutely,  and  the  other  half  of  the  real  estate  shall  descend  as 
in  other  cases  where  there  is  no  child  or  children  or  descendants  of  the 
same. 

Fourth.  When  there  is  a  widow  or  surviving  husband  and  also  a  child 
or  children,  or  descendants  of  the  latter,  then  one  third  of  all  the  personal 
estate  to  the  widow  or  surviving  husband  absolutely. 

Fifth.  If  there  is  no  child,  parent,  brother  or  sister,  or  descendants  of 
either  of  them,  and  no  widow  or  surviving  husband,  then  in  equal  parts 
to  the  next  of  kin  to  the  intestate  in  equal  degree.  Collaterals  shall  not 
be  represented  except  with  the  descendants  of  brothers  and  sisters  of  the 
intestate,  and  there  shall  be  no  distinction  between  kindred  of  the  whole 
and  the  half  blood. 

Sixth.  If  any  intestate  leaves  a  ividoiv  or  surviving  husband  and  7io 
kindred,  then  to  such  ividoiv  or  surviving  husband  ;  and  if  there  is  no  such 
widow  or  surviving  husband,  it  shall  escheat  to  and  vest  in  the  county 
where  the  same,  or  the  greater  portion  thereof,  is  situated. 

WILLS  AND  ESTATES  OF  DECEASED  PERSONS. 

No  exact  form  of  words  are  necessary  in  order  to  make  a  will  good  at 
law.  Every  male  person  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  and  eYery  female 
of  the  age  of  eighteen  years,  of  sound  7nind  and  memory,  can  make  a  valid 
will ;  it  must  be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  testator  or  by  some  one  in  his 
or  her  presence  and  by  his  or  her  direction,  and  attested  by  two  or  more 
credible  ivitnesse's.  Care  should  be  taken  that  the  loitnesses  are  not  inter- 
ested in  the  will.  Persons  knowing  themselves  to  have  been  named  in  the 
will  or  appointed  executor,  must  within  thirty  days  of  the  death  of 
deceased  cause  the  will  to  be  proved  and  recorded  in  the  proper  county, 
or  present  it,  and  refuse  to  accept ;  on  failure  to  do  so  are  liable  to  forfeit 
the  sum  of  twenty  dollars  per  month.  Inventory  to  be  made  by  executor 
or  administrator  within  three  months  from  date  of  letters  testamentary  or 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS. 


153 


of  administration.  Executors'  and  administrators'  compensation  not  to 
exceed  six  per  cent,  on  amount  of  personal  estate,  and  three  per  cent, 
on  money  realized  from  real  estate,  with  such  additional  allowance  as 
shall  be  reasonable  for  extra  services.     Appraisers   compensation  $2  pei 

day. 

Notice  requiring  all  claims  to  be  presented  against  the  estate  shall  b^^ 
given  by  the  executor  or  administrator  within  six  months  of  being  quali- 
fied. Any  person  having  a  claim  and  not  presenting  it  at  the  time  fixed 
by  said  notice  is  required  to  have  summons  issued  notifying  the  executor 
or  administrator  of  his  having  filed  his  claim  in  court ;  in  such  cases  the 
costs  have  to  be  paid  by  the  claimant.  Claims  should  be  filed  within  two 
gears  from  the  time  administration  is  granted  on  an  estate,  as  after  that 
time  they  2iVQ  forever  barred,  unless  other  estate  is  found  that  was  not  in- 
ventoried. Married  women,  infants,  persons  insane,  imprisoned  or  without 
the  United  States,  in  the  employment  of  the  United  States,  or  of  this 
State,  have  two  years  after  their  disabilities  are  removed  to  file  claims. 

Olaims  are  classified  and  j^cii-d  out  of  the  estate  in  the  following  manner : 

First.     Funeral  expenses. 

Second.  The  widow's  aivard,  if  there  is  a  widow  ;  or  children  if  there 
are  children,  and  no  widotv. 

Third.     Expenses  attending  the  last  illness,  not  including  physician's 

bill. 

Fourth.     Debts  due  the  common  school  or  township  fund . 
Fifth.     All  expenses  of  proving  the  ivill  and  taking  out  letters  testa- 
mentary or  administration,  and  settlement  of  the   estate,   and  the  physi- 
cian's bill  in  the  last  illness  of  deceased. 

Sixth.  Where  the  deceased  has  received  money  in  trust  for  any  pur- 
pose, his  executor  or  administrator  shall  pay  out  of  his  estate  the  amount 
received  and  not  accounted  for. 

Seventh.  All  other  debts  and  demands  of  whatsoever  kind,  without 
regard  to  quality  or  dignity,  which  shall  be  exhibited  to  the  court  within 
two  years  from  the  granting  of  letters. 

Award  to  Widow  and  Children,  exclusive  of  debts  and  legacies  or  be- 
quests, except  funeral  expenses : 

First.  The  family  pictures  and  wearing  apparel,  jewels  and  ornaments 
of  herself  and  minor  children. 

Second.     School  books  and  the  family  library  of  the  value  of  $100. 

Third.      One  sewing  machine. 

Fourth.     Necessary  beds,  bedsteads  and  bedding  for  herself  and  family. 

Fifth.  The  stoves  and  pipe  used  in  the  family,  with  the  necessary 
cooking  utensils,  or  in  case  they  have  none,  $50  in  money. 

Sixth.     Household  and  kitchen  furniture  to  the  value  of  $100. 

Seventh.      One  milch  cow  and  calf  for  every  four  members  of  her  family. 


154  ABSTRACT   OF    ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS. 

Eighth.  Two  sheep  for  each  member  of  her  family,  and  the  fleeces 
taken  from  the  same,  and  one  horse^  saddle  and  bridle. 

Niiith.     Provisions  for  herself  and  family  for  one  year. 

Tenth.     Food  for  the  stock  above  specified  for  six  months. 

Eleventh.     Fuel  for  herself  and  family  for  three  months. 

Twelfth.  One  hundred  dollars  ivorth  of  other  property  suited  to  her 
condition  in  life,  to  be  selected  by  the  tvidow. 

The  tvidow  if  she  elects  may  have  in  lieu  of  the  said  award,  the  same 
personal  property  or  money  in  place  thereof  as  is  or  may  be  exempt  from 
execution  or  attachment  against  the  head  of  a  family. 

TAXES. 

The  owners  of  real  and  personal  property,  on  the  first  day  of  May  in 
each  year,  are  liable  for  the  taxes  thereon. 

Assessments  should  be  completed  before  the  fourth  Monday  in  June., 
at  which  time  the  town  board  of  review  meets  to  examine  assessments, 
hear  objections.,  and  make  such  changes  as  ought  to  be  made.  The  county 
board  have  also  power  to  correct  or  change  assessments. 

The  tax  books  are  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  town  collector  on  or 
before  the  tenth  day  of  December,  who  retains  them  until  the  tenth  day 
of  March  following,  when  he  is  required  to  return  them  to  the  county 
treasurer,  who  then. collects  all  delinquent  taxes. 

No  costs  accrue  on  real  estate  taxes  till  advertised^  which  takes  place 
the  first  day  of  April,  when  three  weeks'  notice  is  required  before  judg- 
ment. Cost  of  advertising,  twenty  cents  each  tract  of  land,  and  ten  cents 
each  lot. 

Judgment  is  usually  obtained  at  May  term  of  County  Court.  Costs 
six  cents  each  tract  of  land,  and  five  cents  each  lot.  Sale  takes  place  in 
June.  Costs  in  addition  to  those  before  mentioned,  twenty-eiglit  cents 
each  tract  of  land,  and  twenty-seven  cents  each  town  lot. 

Real  estate  sold  for  taxes  may  be  redeemed  any  time  before  the  expi- 
ration of  two  years  from  the  date  of  sale,  hj  payment  to  the  County  Qlerk 
of  the  amount  for  which  it  was  sold  and  twenty-five  per  cent,  thereon  if 
redeemed  within  six  months,  fifty  per  cent,  if  between  six  and  twelve 
months,  if  between  twelve  and  eighteen  months  seventy-five  per  cent., 
and  if  between  eighteen  months  and  two  years  one  hundred  per  cent., 
and  in  addition,  all  subsequent  taxes  paid  by  the  purchaser,  with  ten  per 
cent,  interest  thereon,  also  one  dollar  each  tract  if  notice  is  given  by  the 
purchaser  of  the  sale,  and  a  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  to  the  clerk  for  his 
certificate. 

JURISDICTION  OF  COURTS. 

Justices  have  jurisdiction  in  all  civil  cases  on  contracts  for  the  recovery 
of  moneys  for  damages  for  injury  to  real  property,  or  taking,  detaining,  or 


ABSTRACT   OF  ILLINOIS   STATE  LAWS.  155 

injuring  personal  property ;  for  rent;  for  all  cases  to  recover  damages  done 
real  or  personal  property  by  railroad  companies,  in  actions  of  replevin^  and 
in  actions  for  damages  for  fraud  in  the  sale,  purchase,  or  exchange  of  per- 
sonal property,  when  the  amount  claimed  as  due  is  not  over  $200.  They 
have  also  jurisdiction  in  all  cases  for  violation  of  the  ordinances  of  cities, 
toivns  or  villages.  A  justice  of  the  peace  may  orally  order  an  officer  or  a 
private  person  to  arrest  any  one  committing  or  attempting  to  commit  a 
criminal  offense.  He  also  upon  complaint  can  issue  his  warrant  for  the 
arrest  of  any  person  accused  of  having  committed  a  crime,  and  have  him 
brought  before  him  for  examination. 

COUNTY  COURTS 

Have  jurisdiction  in  all  matters  of  probate  (except  in  counties  havino-  a 
population  of  one  hundred  thousand  or  over),  settlement  of  estates  of 
deceased  persons,  appointment  of  guardians  and  conservators,  and  settle- 
ment of  their  accounts  ;  all  matters  relating  to  apprentices  ;  proceedings 
for  the  collection  of  taxes  and  assessments,  and  in  proceedings  of  executors, 
administrators,  guardians  and  conservators  for  the  sale  of  real  estate.  In 
law  cases  they  have  concurrent  jurisdiction  with  Circuit  Courts  in  all 
cases  wlrere  justices  of  the  peace  now  have,  or  hereafter  may  have, 
jurisdiction  when  the  amount  claimed  shall  not  exceed  $1,000,  and  in  all 
criminal  offenses  where  the  punishment  is  not  imprisonment  in  the  peni- 
tentiary, or  death,  and  in  all  cases  of  appeals  from  justices  of  the  peace 
and  police  magistrates;  excepting  when  the  county  judge  is  sitting  as  a 
justice  of  the  peace.     Circuit  Courts  have  unlimited  jurisdiction. 

LIMITATION  OF  ACTION. 

Accounts  jive  years.  Notes  and  written  contracts  ten  years.  Judg- 
ments twenty  years.  Partial  payments  or  new  promise  in  writing,  within 
or  after  said  period,  will  revive  the  debt.  Absence  from  the  State  deducted, 
and  when  the  cause  of  action  is  barred  by  the  law  of  another  State,  it  has 
the  same  effect  here.  Slander  and  libel,  one  year.  Personal  injuries,  two 
years.  To  recover  land  or  make  entry  thereon,  tiventy  years.  Action  to 
foreclose  mortgage  or  trust  deed,  or  make  a  sale,  within  ten  years. 

All  persons  in  possession  of  land,  and  paying  taxes  for  seven  consecu- 
tive years,  with  color  of  title,  and  all  persons  paying  taxes  for  seven  con- 
secutive years,  with  color  of  title,  on  vacant  land,  shall  be  held  to  be  the 
legal  owners  to  the  extent  of  their  paper  title. 

MARRIED  WOMEN 

May  sue  and  be  sued.     Husband  and  wife  not  liable  for  each  other's  debts, 
either  before  or  after  marriage,  but  both  are  liable  for  expenses  and  edu- 
cation of  the  family. 
4 


156  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

She  may  contract  the  same  as  if  unmarried^  except  that  in  a  partner- 
ship business  she  can  not,  without  consent  of  her  husband,  unless  he  has 
abandoned  or  deserted  her,  or  is  idiotic  or  insane,  or  confined  in  peniten- 
tiary ;  she  is  entitled  and  can  recover  her  own  earnings,  but  neither  hus- 
band nor  wife  is  entitled  to  compensation  for  any  services  rendered  for  the 
other.  At  the  death  of  the  husband,  in  addition  to  widow's  award,  a 
married  woman  has  a  dower  interest  (one-third)  in  all  real  estate  owned 
by  her  husband  after  their  marriage,  and  which  has  not  been  released  by 
her,  and  the  husband  has  the  same  interest  in  the  real  estate  of  the  wife 
at  her  death. 

EXEMPTIONS  FROM  FORCED  SALE. 

Home  worth  $1,000,  and  the  following  Personal  Property :  Lot  of  ground 
and  buildings  thereon,  occupied  as  a  residence  by  the  debtor,  being  a  house- 
holder and  having  a  family,  to  the  value  of  -f  1,000.  Exemption  continues 
after  the  death  of  the  householder  for  the  benefit  of  widow  and  family,  some 
one  of  them  occupying  the  homestead  until  youngest  child  shall  become 
tiventy-one  years  of  age,  and  until  death  of  widoiv.  There  is  no  exemption 
from  sale  for  taxes,  assessments,  debt  or  liability  incurred  for  the  purchase 
or  improvement  of  said  homestead.  No  release  or  waiver  of  exemption  is 
valid,  unless  in  writing,  and  subscribed  by  such  householder  and  wife  (if 
he  have  one),  and  acknowledged  as  conveyancesof  real  estate  are  required 
to  be  acknowledged.  The  folloioing  articles  of  personal  property  owned 
by  the  debtor,  are  exempt  from  execution,  ivrit  of  attachment,  and  distress 
for  rent :  The  necessary  ivearing  apparel.  Bibles,  school  books  and  family 
pictures  of  every  person  ;  and,  2d,  one  hundred  dollars  worth  of  other 
property  to  be  selected  by  the  debtor,  and,  in  addition,  when  the  debtor 
is  the  head  of  a  family  and  resides  with  the  same,  three  hundred  dollars 
worth  of  other  property  to  be  selected  by  the  debtor ;  provided  that  such 
selection  and  exemption  shall  not  be  made  by  the  debtor  or  allowed  to 
him  or  her  from  any  money,  salary  or  wages  due  him  or  her  from  any 
person  or  persons  or  corporations  whatever. 

When  the  head  of  a  family  shall  die,  desert  or  not  reside  with  the 
same,  the  family  shall  be  entitled  to  and  receive  all  the  benefit  and  priv- 
ileges which  are  by  this  act  conferred  upon  the  head  of  a  family  residing 
with  the  same.  No  personal  property  is  exempt  from  execution  when 
judgment  is  obtained  for  the  wages  of  laborers  or  servants.  Wages  of  a 
laborer  who  is  the  head  of  a  family  can  not  be  garnisheed,  except  the  sum 
due  him  be  in  excess  of  $25. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS.  157 

DEEDS  AND  MORTGAGES. 

To  he  valid  there  must  he  a  valid  consideration.  Special  care  should 
be  taken  to  have  them  signed,  sealed,  delivered,  and  properly  acknowl- 
edged, with  the  proper  seal  attached.  Witnesses  are  not  required.  The 
acknoivledgement  must  be  made  in  this  state,  before  Master  in  Chancery, 
Notary  Puhlic,  United  States  Commissioner,  Circuit  or  County  Clerk,  Justice 
of  Peace,  or  any  Court  of  Record  having  a  seal,  or  any  Judge,  Justice,  or 
Clerk  of  any  such  Court.  When  taken  before  a  Notary  Puhlic,  or  United 
States  Commissioner,  the  same  shall  be  attested  by  his  official  seal,  when 
taken  before  a  Court  or  the  Clerk  thereof,  the  same  shall  be  attested  by 
the  seal  of  such  Court,  and  when  taken  before  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  resid- 
ing out  of  the  county  where  the  real  estate  to  be  conveyed  lies,  there  shall 
be  added  a  certificate  of  the  County  Clerk  under  his  seal  of  office,  that  he 
was  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  county  at  the  time  of  taking  the  same. 
A  deed  is  good  without  such  certificate  attached,  but  can  not  be  used  in 
evidence  unless  such  a  certificate  is  produced  or  other  competent  evidence 
introduced.  Acknowledgements  made  out  of  the  state  must  either  be 
executed  according  to  the  laws  of  this  state,  or  there  should  be  attached 
a  certificate  that  it  is  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of  the  state  or  country 
where  executed.  Where  this  is  not  done  the  same  may  be  proved  by  any 
other  legal  way.  Acknowledgments  where  the  Homestead  rights  are  to 
be  waived  must  state  as  follows  :  "  Including  the  release  and  waiver  of 
the  right  of  homestead."  ^ 

Notaries  Puhlic  can  take  acknowledgements  any  where  in  the  state. 

Sheriffs,  if  authorized  by  the  mortgagor  of  real  or  personal  property 
in  his  mortgage,  may  sell  the  property  mortgaged. 

In  the  case  of  the  death  of  grantor  or  holder  of  the  equity  of  redemp- 
tion of  real  estate  mortgaged,  or  conveyed  by  deed  of  trust  where  equity 
of  redemption  is  waived,  and  it  contains  power  of  sale,  must  be  foreclosed 
in  the  same  manner  as  a  common  mortgage  in  court. 

ESTRAYS. 

Morses,  mules,  asses,  neat  cattle,  swine,  sheep,  or  goats  found  straying 
at  any  time  during  the  year,  in  counties  where  such  animals  are  not  allowed 
to  run  at  large,  or  between  the  last  day  of  October  and  the  15th  day  of 
April  in  other  counties,  the  oivner  thereof  heing  unknown,  may  he  taken  up 
as  e strays. 

No  person  not  a  householder  in  the  county  where  estray  is  found  can 
lawfully  take  up  an  estray,  and  then  only  upon  or  ahout  his  farm  or  place 
of  residence.  Estray s  should  not  he  used  hefore  advertised,  except  animals 
giving  milk,  which  may  be  milked  for  their  benefit. 


158  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

Notices  must  be  posted  up  within  five  (5)  days  in  three  (3)  of  the 
most  public  places  in  the  town  or  precinct  in  whicli  estray  was  found,  giv- 
ing the  residence  of  the  taker  up,  and  a  particular  description  of  the 
estray,  its  age,  color,  and  marks  natural  and  artificial,  and  stating  before 
what  justice  of  the  peace  in  such  town  or  precinct,  and  at  what  time,  not 
less  than  ten  (10)  nor  more  than  fifteen  (15)  days  from  the  time  of  post- 
ing such  notices,  he  will  apply  to  have  the  estray  appraised.  \ 

A  copy  of  such  notice  should  be  filed  by  the  taker  up  with  the  totvn 
clerk,  whose  duty  it  is  to  enter  the  same  at  large,  in  a  book  kept  l^y  him 
for  that  purpose. 

If  the  otvner  of  estray  shall  not  have  appeared  and  proved  ownership^ 
and  taken  the  same  away,  first  paying  the  taker  up  his  reasonable  charges 
for  taking  up,  keeping,  and  advertising  the  same,  the  taker  up  shall  appear 
before  the  justice  of  the  peace  mentioned  in  above  mentioned  notice,  and 
make  an  affidavit  as  required  by  law. 

As  the  affidavit  has  to  be  made  before  the  justice,  and  all  other  steps  as 
to  appraisement,  etc.,  are  before  him,  who  is  familiar  therewith,  they  are 
therefore  omitted  here. 

Any  person  taking  up  an  estray  at  any  other  place  than  about  or 
upon  his  farm  or  residence,  or  without  complying  with  the  law,  shall  forfeit 
and  pay  a  fine  of  ten  dollars  with  costs. 

Ordinary  diligence  is  required  in  taking  care  of  estrays,  but  in  case 
they  die  or  get  away  the  taker  is  not  liable  for  the  same.  ^ 

GAME. 

It  is  unlawful  for  any  person  to  kill,  or  attempt  to  kill  or  destroy,  in 
any  manner,  any  prairie  hen  or  chicken  or  woodcock  between  the  15th  day 
of  January  and  the  1st  day  of  September ;  or  any  deer,  fawn,  wild-turkey, 
partridge  or  pheasant  between  the  1st  day  of  February  and  the  1st  day 
of  October ;  or  any  quail  between  the  1st  day  of  February  and  1st  day  of 
November ;  or  any  wild  goose,  duck,  snipe,  brant  or  other  water  fowl 
between  the  1st  day  of  May  and  15th  day  of  August  in  each  year. 
Penalty  :  Fine  not  less  than  $5  nor  more  than  $25,  for  each  bird  or 
animal,  and  costs  of  suit,  and  stand  committed  to  county  jail  until  fine  is  • 
paid,  but  not  exceeding  ten  days.  It  is  unlawful  to  hunt  with  gun,  dog 
or  net  within  the  inclosed  grounds  or  lands  of  another  without  permission. 
Penalty:  Fine  not  less  than  $3  nor  more  than  $100,  to  be  paid  into 
school  fund. 

WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

Whenever  any  of  the  following  articles  shall  be  contracted  for,  or 
sold  or  delivered,  and  no  special  contract  or  agreement  shall  be  made  to 
the  contrary,  the  weight  per  bushel  shall  be  as  follows,  to-wit : 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 


159 


Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Stone  Coal, 

-  80 

Buckwheat,     - 

-  52 

Un  slack  eel  Lime, 

-       80 

Coarse  Salt, 

-      50 

Corn  in  the  ear, 

-  70 

Barley,    -         -         - 

-  48 

Wheat, 

-      60 

Corn  Meal, 

-      48 

Irish  Potatoes, 

-  60 

Castor  Beans, 

-  46 

White  Beans, 

-      60 

Timothy  Seed,     - 

-      45 

Clover  Seed,   - 

-  60 

Hemp  Seed,    - 

-  •      -  44 

Onions,         -         =     '    - 

57 

Malt,  -         -         -         - 

-       38 

Shelled  Corn, 

-  b^ 

Dried  Peaches, 

-  33 

Rye,    -         -        -         - 

-      56 

Oats,   -         -         -         - 

-       32 

^lax  Seed, 

-  56 

Dried  Apples, 

-  24 

Sweet  Potatoes,  - 

55 

Bran,  -         -         -         - 

-      20 

Turnips,    • 

-  55 

Blue  Grass  Seed,     - 

-  14 

Fine  Salt,    -         -         - 

55 

Hair  (plastering). 

8 

I 


Penalty  for  giving  less  than  the  above  standard  is  double  the  amount 
of  property  wrongfully  not  given,  and  ten  dollars  addition  thereto. 

MILLERS. 

The  owner  or  occupant  of  every  public  grist  mill  in  this  state  shall 
o-rind  all  ffrain  brouo-ht  to  his  mill  in  its  turn.  The  toll  for  both  steam 
and  water  mills,  is,  for  grinding  and  bolting  ivheat,  rye,  or  other  grain,  one 
eighth  part;  for  grinding  Indian  corn,  oats,  harley  and  huekivheat  not 
required  to  be  bolted,  one  seventh  part;  iox  grinding  malt,  and  chopping  aW 
kinds  of  grain,  one  eighth  part.  It  is  the  duty  of  every  miller  when  his 
mill  is  in  repair,  to  aid  and  assist  in  loading  and  unloading  all  grain  brought 
to  him  to  be  ground,  and  he  is  also  required  to  keep  an  accurate  half 
bushel  measure,  and  an  accurate  set  of  toll  dishes  or  scales  for  weighing 
the  grain.  The  penalty  for  neglect  or  refusal  to  comply  with  the  law  is 
$5,  to  the  use  of  any  person  to  sue  for  the  same,  to  be  recovered  before 
any  justice  of  the  peace  of  the  county  where  penalty  is  incurred.  Millers 
are  accountable  for  the  safe  keeping  of  all  grain  left  in  his  mill  for  the 
purpose  of  being  ground,  with  bags  or  casks  containing  same  (except  it 
results  from  unavoidable  accidents),  provided  that  such  bags  or  casks  are 
distinctly  marked  with  the  initial  letters  of  the  owner's  name. 

MARKS  AND  BRANDS. 

Owners  of  cattle,  horses,  hogs,  sheep  or  goats  may  have  one  ear  mark 
and  one  brand,  but  which  shall  be  different  from  his  neighbor's,  and  may 
be  recorded  by  the  county  clerk  of  the  county  in  which  such  property  is 
kept.  The/ee  for  such  record  is  fifteen  cents.  The  record  of  such  shall 
be  open  to  examination  free  of  charge.  In  cases  of  disputes  as  to  marks 
or  brands,  such  record  is  nrima  facie  evidence.  Owners  of  cattle,  horses, 
hogs,  sheep    or   goats   that   may   have   been   branded  by  the  former  owner. 


160  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE    LAWS. 

may  be  re-branded  in  presence  of  one  or  more  of  his  neighbors,  who  shall 
certify  to  the  facts  of  the  marking  or  branding  being  done,  when  done, 
and  in  what  brand  or  mark  they  were  re-branded  or  re-marked,  which 
certificate  may  also  be  recorded  as  before  stated. 

ADOPTION  OF  CHILDREN. 

Children  may  be  adopted  by  any  resident  of  this  state,  by  filing  a 
petition  in  the  Circuit  or  County  Court  of  the  county  in  which  he  resides, 
asking  leave  to  do  so,  and  if  desired  may  ask  that  the  name  of  the  child 
be  changed.  Such  petition,  if  made  by  a  person  having  a  husband  oi* 
wife,  will  not  be  granted,  unless  the  husband  or  wife  joins  therein,  as  the 
adoption  must  be  by  them  jointly. 

The  petition  shall  state  name,  sex,  and  age  of  the  child,  and  the  new 
name,  if  it  is  desired  to  change  the  name.  Also  the  name  and  residence 
of  the  parents  of  the  child,  if  known,  and  of  the  guardian,  if  any,  and 
whether  the  parents  or  guardians  consent  to  the  adoption. 

The  court  must  find,  before  granting  decree,  that  the  parents  of  the 
ehild^  or  the  survivors  of  them,  have  deserted  his  or  her  family  or  such 
child  for  one  year  next  preceding  the  application,  or  if  neither  are  living, 
the  guardian ;  if  no  guardian,  the  next  of  kin  in  this  state  capable  of  giving 
consent,  has  had  notice  of  the  presentation  of  the  petition  and  consents 
to  such  adoption.  If  the  child  is  of  the  age  of  fourteen  years  or  upwards, 
the  adoption  can  not  be  made  ivithout  its  consent. 

SURVEYORS  AND  SURVEYS. 

There  is  in  every  county  elected  a  surveyor  known  as  county  sur- 
veyor, who  has  power  to  appoint  deputies,  for  whose  official  acts  he  is 
responsible.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  county  surveyor,  either  by  himself  or 
his  deputy,  to  make  all  surveys  that  he  may  be  called  upon  to  make  within 
his  county  as  soon  as  may  be  after  application  is  made.  The  necessary 
chainmen  and  other  assistance  must  be  employed  by  the  person  requiring 
the  same  to  be  done,  and  to  be  by  him  paid,  unless  otherwise  agreed ;  but 
the  chainmen  must  be  disinterested  persons  and  approved  by  the  surveyor 
and  sworn  by  him  to  measure  justly  and  impartially. 

The  County  Board  in  each  county  is  required  by  law  to  provide  a  copy 
of  the  United  States  field  notes  and  plats  of  their  surveys  of  the  lands 
in  the  coiinty  to  be  kept  in  the  recorder's  office  subject  to  examination 
by  the  public,  and  the  county  surveyor  is  required  to  make  his  surveys 
in  conformity  to  said  notes,  plats  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  gov- 
erning such  matters.  The  surveyor  is  also  required  to  keep  a  record 
of  all  surveys  made  by  him,  which  shall  be  subject  to  inspection  by  any 
one  interested,  and  shall  be  delivered  up  to  his  successor  in  office.      A 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS.  161 

certified  copy  of  the  said  surveyor's  record  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence 
of  its  contents. 

The  fees  of  county  surveyors  are  six  dollars  per  day.  The  county 
surveyor  is  also  ex  officio  inspector  of  mines,  and  as  such,  assisted  by  some 
practical  miner  selected  by  him,  shall  once  each  year  inspect  all  the 
mines  in  the  county,  for  which  they  shall  each  receive  such  compensa- 
tion as  may  be  fixed  by  the  County  Board,  not  exceeding  $5  a  day,  to 
be  paid  out  of  the  county  treasury. 

ROADS  AND  BRIDGES. 

Where  practicable  from  the  nature  of  the  ground,  persons  traveling 
in  any  kind  of  vehicle,  must  turn  to  the  right  of  the  center  of  the  road,  so 
as  to  permit  each  carriage  to  pass  without  interfering   with   each  other. 
The  penalty/  for  a  violation  of  this  provision  is  $5  for  every  offense,  to 
be  recovered  by  the  partT/  injured;  but  to  recover,   there  must  have 
occurred  some  injury  to  person  or  property  resulting  from  the  violation. 
The  owners  of  any  carriage  traveling  upon  any  road  in  this  State  for  the 
conveyance  of  passengers  who  shall  employ  or  continue  in  his  employment 
as  driver  any  person  who  is  addicted  to  drunkenness,  or  the  excessive  use  of 
spiritous  liquors,  after  he  has  had  notice  of  the  same,  shall  forfeit,  at  the 
rate  of  $5  per  day,  and  if  any  driver  while   actually  engaged  in  driving 
any  such  carriage,  shall  be  guilty  of  intoxication  to  such  a  degree  as  to 
endanger  the  safety  of  passengers,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner,  on 
receiving  written  notice  of  the  fact,  signed  by  one  of  the  passengers,  and 
certified  by  him  on  oath,  forthwith  to  discharge  such  driver.  If  such  owner 
shall  have  such  driver  in  his  employ  within  three  months  after  such  notice, 
he  is  liable  for  |5  per  day  for  the  time  he  shall  keep  said  driver  in  his 
employment  after  receiving  such  notice. 

Persons  driving  any  carriage  on  any  public  highway  are  prohibited 
from  running  their  horses  upon  any  occasion  under  a  penalty  of  a  fine  not 
exceeding  $10,  or  imprisonment  not  exceeding  sixty  days,  at  the  discre- 
I  tion  of  the  court.     Horses  attached  to  any  carriage  used  to  convey  passen- 
I  gers  for  hire  must  be  properly  hitched  or  the  lines  placed  in  the  hands  of 
'  some  other  person  before  the  driver  leaves  them  for  any  purpose.     For 
violation  of  this  provision  each  driver  shall  forfeit  twenty  dollars,  to  be 
recovered  by  action,  to  be  commenced  within  six  months.     It  is  under- 
stood by  the   term  carriage  herein  to  mean  any  carriage  or  vehicle  used 
for  the  transportation  of  passengers  or  goods  or  either  of  them. 

The  commissioners  of  highways  in  the  different  tov/ns  have  the  care 
and  superintendence  of  highways  and  bridges  therein.  They  have  all 
the  powers  necessary  to  lay  out,  vacate,  regulate  and  repair  all  roads^ 
build  and  repair  bridges.  In  addition  to  the  above,  it  is  their  duty  to 
erect  and   keep  in  repair  at  the  forks  or  crossing-place  of  the   most 


162  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

important  roads  post  and  guide  boards  with  plain  inscriptions,  giving 
directions  and  distances  to  the  most  noted  places  to  which  such  road  may- 
lead;  also  to  make  provisions  to  prevent  thistles,  burdock,  and  cockle 
burrs,  mustard,  yellow  dock,  Indian  mallow  and  jimson  weed  from 
seeding,  and  to  extirpate  the  same  as  far  as  practicable,  and  to  prevent 
all  rank  growth  of  vegetation  on  the  public  highways  so  far  as  the  same 
may  obstruct  public  travel,  and  it  is  in  their  discretion  to  erect  watering 
places  for  public  use  for  \Vatering  teams  at  such  points  as  may  be  deemed 
advisable. 

The  Commissioners,  on  or  before  the  1st  day  of  May  of  each  year, 
shall  make  out  and  deliver  to  their  treasurer  a  list  of  all  able-bodied  men 
in  their  town,  excepting  paupers,  idiots,  lunatics,  and  such  others  as  are 
exempt  by  law,  and  assess  against  each  the  sum  of  two  dollars  as  a  poll 
tax  for  highway  purposes.  Within  thirty  days  after  such  list  is  delivered 
they  shall  cause  a  written  or  printed  notice  to  be  given  to  each  person  so 
assessed,  notifying  him  of  the  time  when  and  place  where  such  tax  must 
be  paid,  or  its  equivalent  in  labor  performed  ;  they  may  contract  with 
persons  owing  such  poll  tax  to  perform  a  certain  amount  of  labor  on  any 
road  or  bridge  in  payment  of  the  same,  and  if  such  tax  is  not  paid  nor 
labor  performed  by  the  first  Monday  of  July  of  such  year,  or  within  ten 
days  after  notice  is  given  after  that  time,  they  shall  bring  suit  therefor 
against  such  person  before  a  justice  of  the  peace,  who  shall  hear  and 
determine  the  case  according  to  law  for  the  offense  complained  of,  and 
shall  forthwith  issue  an  execution,  directed  to  any  constable  of  the  county 
where  the  delinquent  shall  reside,  who  shall  forthwith  collect  the  moneys 
therein  mentioned. 

The  Commissioners  of  Highways  of  each  town  shall  annually  ascer- 
tain, as  near  as  practicable,  how  much  money  must  be  raised  by  tax  on  real 
and  personal  property  for  the  making  and  repairing  of  roads,  only,  to  any 
amount  they  may  deem  necessar}^,  not  exceeding  forty  cents  on  each  one 
hundred  dollars'  worth,  as  valued  on  the  assessment  roll  of  the  previous 
year.  The  tax  so  levied  on  property  lying  within  an  incorporated  village, 
town  or  city,  shall  be  paid  over  to  the  corporate  authorities  of  such  town, 
village  or  city.  Commissioners  shall  receive  $1.50  for  each  day  neces- 
sarily employed  in  the  discharge  of  their  duty. 

Overseers.  At  the  first  meeting  the  Commissioners  shall  choose  one 
of  their  number  to  act  General  Overseer  of  Highways  in  their  township, 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  take  charge  of  and  safely  keep  all  tools,  imple- 
ments and  machinery  belonging  to  said  town,  and  shall,  by  the  direction 
of  the  Board,  have  general  supervision  of  all  roads  and  bridges  in  their 
town. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  163 

As  all  township  and  county  officers  are  familiar  with  their  duties,  it 
is  only  intended  to  give  the  points  of  the  law  that  the  public  should  be 
familiar  with.  The  manner  of  laying  out,  altering  or  vacating  roads,  etc., 
will  not  be  here  stated,  as  it  would  require  more  space  than  is  contem- 
plated in  a  work  of  this  kind.  It  is  sufficient  to  state  that,  the  first  stej) 
is  by  petition,  addressed  to  the  Commissioners,  setting  out  what  is  prayed 
for,  giving  the  names  of  the  owners  of  lands  if  known,  if  not  known  so 
state,  over  which  the  road  is  to  pass,  giving  the  general  course,  its  place 
of  beginning,  and  where  it  terminates.  It  requires  not  less  than  twelve 
freeholders  residing  within  three  miles  of  the  road  who  shall  sign  the 
petition.  Public  roads  must  not  be  less  than  fifty  feet  wide,  nor  more 
than  sixty  feet  wide.  Roads  not  exceeding  two  miles  in  length,  if  peti- 
tioned for,  may  be  laid  out,  not  less  than  forty  feet.  Private  roads 
for  private  and  public  use,  may  be  laid  out  of  the  width  of  three  rods,  on 
petition  of  the  person  directly  interested  ;  the  damage  occasioned  thereby 
shall  be  paid  by  the  premises  benefited  thereby,  and  before  the  road  is 
opened.  If  not  opened  in  two  years,  the  order  shall  be  considered 
rescinded.  Commissioners  in  their  discretion  may  permit  persons  who 
live  on  or  have  private  roads,  to  work  out  their  road  tax  thereon.  Public 
roads  must  be  opened  in  five  days  from  date  of  filing  order  of  location, 
or  be  deemed  vacated. 

DRAINAGE. 

Whenever  one  or  more  owners  or  occupants  of  land  desire  to  construct 
I  drain  or  ditch  across  the  land  of  others  for  agricultural^  sanitary  or 
mining  purposes,  the  proceedings  are  as  follows : 

File  a  petition  in  the  Circuit  or  County  Court  of  the  county  in  which 
the  proposed  ditch  or  drain  is  to  be  constructed,  setting  forth  the  neces- 
sity for  the  same,  with  a  description  of  its  proposed  starting  point,  route 
and  terminus,  and  if  it  shall  be  necessary  for  the  drainage  of  the  land  or 
coal  mines  or  for  sanitary  purposes,  that  a  drain,  ditch,  levee  or  similar 
work  be  constructed,  a  description  of  the  same.  It  shall  also  set  forth 
the  names  of  all  persons  owning  the  land  over  which  such  drain  or  ditch 
shall  be  constructed,  or  if  unknown  stating  that  fact. 

No  private  property  shall  be  taken  or  damaged  for  the  purpose  of 
constructing  a  ditch,  drain  or  levee,  without  compensation,  if  claimed  by 
the  owner,  the  same  to  be  ascertained  by  a  jury ;  but  if  the  construction 
of  such  ditch,  drain  or  levee  shall  be  a  benefit  to  the  owner,  the  same 
shall  be  a  set  off  against  such  compensation. 

If  the  proceedings  seek  to  affect  the  property  of  a  minor,  lunatic  or 
married  woman,  the  guardian,  conservator  or  husband  of  the  same  shall 
be  made  party  defendant.  The  petition  may  be  amended  and  parties 
made  defendants  at  any  time  when  it  is  necessary^  to  a  fair  trial. 


164  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

When  the  petition  is  presented  to  the  judge,  he  shall  note  there  ^n 
when  he  will  hear  the  same,  and  order  the  issuance  of  summonses  aad 
the  publication  of  notice  to  each  non-resident  or  unknown  defendant. 

The  petition  may  be  heard  by  such  judge  in  vacation  as  well  as  in 
term  time.  Upon  the  trial,  the  jury  shall  ascertain  the  just  compensation 
to  each  owner  of  the  property  sought  to  be  damaged  by  the  construction 
of  such  ditch,  drain  or  levee,  and  truly  report  the  same. 

As  it  is  only  contemplated  in  a  work  of  this  kind  to  give  an  abstract 
of  the  laws,  and  as  the  parties  who  have  in  charge  the  execution  of  the 
further  proceedings  are  likely  to  be  familiar  with  the  requirements  of  the 
statute,  the  necessary  details  are  not  here  inserted. 

WOLF  SCALPS. 

The  County  Board  of  any  county  in  this  State  may  hereafter  alluiv 
such  bounty  on  tvolf  scalps  as  the  board  may  deem  reasonable. 

Any  person  claiming  a  bounty  shall  produce  the  scalp  or  scalps  with 
the  ears  thereon,  within  sixty  days  after  the  wolf  or  wolves  shall  have 
been  caught,  to  the  Clerk  of  the  County  Board,  who  shall  administer  to 
said  person  the  following  oath  or  affirmation,  to-wit:  "You  do  solemnly 
swear  (or  affirm,  as  the  case  may  be),  that  the  scalp  or  scalps  here  pro- 
duced by  you  was  taken  from  a  wolf  or  wolves  killed  and  first  captured 
by  yourself  within  the  limits  of  this  county,  and  within  the  sixty  days 
last  past." 

CONVEYANCES. 

When  the  reversion  expectant  on  a  lease  of  any  tenements  or  here- 
ditaments of  any  tenure  shall  be  surrendered  or  merged,  the  estate  which 
shall  for  the  time  being  confer  as  against  the  tenant  under  the  same  lease 
the  next  vested  right  to  the  same  tenements  or  hereditaments,  shall,  to 
the  extent  and  for  the  purpose  of  preserving  such  incidents  to  and  obli- 
gations on  the  same  reversion,  as  but  for  the  surrender  or  merger  thereof, 
would  have  subsisted,  be  deemed  the  reversion  expectant  on  the  same 
lease. 

PAUPERS. 

Every  poor  person  who  shall  be  unable  to  earn  a  livelihood  in  conse- 
quence ot  any  bodily  infirmity^  idiocy,  lunacy  or  unavoidable  cause,  shall 
be  supported  by  the  father,  grand-father,  mother,  grand-mother,  children, 
grand-children,  brothers  or  sisters  of  such  poor  person,  if  they  or  either 
of  them  be  of  sufficient  ability ;  but  if  any  of  such  dependent  class  shall 
have  become  so  from  intemperance  or  other  bad  conduct,  they  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  support  from  any  relation  except  parent  or  child. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS.  167 

The  children  shall  first  be  called  on  to  support  their  parents,  if  they 
are  able  ;  but  if  not,  the  parents  of  such  poor  person  shall  then  be  called 
on,  if  of  sufficient  ability ;  and  if  there  be  no  parents  or  children  able, 
then  the   brothers  and  sisters  of  such  dependent  person  shall  be   called 
upon  ;  and  if  there  be  no  brothers  or  sisters  of  sufficient  ability,  the 
grand-children  of  such  person  shall  next  be   called  on ;  and  if  they  are 
not  able,  then  the  grand-parents.     Married  females,  while  their  husbands 
live,  shall  not  be  liable  to  contribute  for  the  support  of  their  poor  relations 
except  out  of   their  separate  property.     It  is  the   duty  of   the   state's 
(county)  attorney,  to  make  complaint  to  the  County  Court  of  his  county 
against  all  the  relatives  of  such  paupers  in  this  state  liable  to  his  support 
and  prosecute  the  same.   In  case  the  state's  attorney  neglects,  or  refuses,  to 
complain  in  such  cases,  then  it  is  the  duty  of  the  overseer  of  the  poor  to 
do  so.     The  person  called  upon  to  contribute  shall  have  at  least  ten  days' 
notice  of  such  application  by  summons.     The   court  has  the  power  to 
determine  the  kind  of  support,  depending  upon  the  circumstances  of  the 
parties,  and  may  also  order  two  or  more  of  the  different  degrees  to  main- 
tain such  poor  person,  and  prescribe  the  proportion  of  each,  according  to 
their  ability.     The  court  may  specify  the  time  for  which  the  relative  shall 
contribute — in  fact  has  control  over  the  entire  subject  matter,  with  power 
to  enforce  its  orders.     Every  county  (except  those  in  which  the  poor  are 
supported  by  the  towns,  and  in  such  cases  the  towns  are  liable)  is  required 
to  relieve  and  support  all  poor  and  indigent  persons  laufuUy  resident 
therein.     Residence  means  the  actual  residence  of  the  party,  or  the  place 
where  he  was  employed ;  or  in  case  he  was  in  no   employment,  then  it 
shall  be  the  place  where  he  made  his  home.     When  any  person  becomes 
chargeable  as  a  pauper  in  any  county  or  town  who  did  not  reside  at  the 
commencement  of  six  months  immediately  preceding  his  becoming  so, 
but  did  at  that  time  reside  in  some  other  county  or  town   in   this  state, 
then  the  county  or  town,  as  the  case  may  be,  becomes  liable  for  the  expense 
of  taking   care  of  such  person  until  removed,  and  it  is  the  duty  of  the 
overseer  to  notify  the  proper  authorities  of  the  fact.     If  any  person  shall 
bring  and  leave  any  pauper  in  any  county  in  this  state  where  such  pauper 
had  no  legal  residence,  knowing  him  to  be  such,  he  is  liable  to  a  fine  of 
$100.     In  counties  under  township  organization,  the  supervisors  in  each 
town  are  ex-officio  overseers  of  the  poor.     The  overseers  of  the  poor  act 
under  the  directions  of  the  County  Board  in  taking  care  of  the  poor  and 
granting  of  temporary  relief;  also,  providing  for  non-resident  persons  not 
paupers  who  may  be  taken  sick  and  not  able  to  pay  their  way,  and  in  case 
of  death  cause  such  person  to  be  decently  buried. 

The  residence   of  the  inmates  of  poorhouses  and  other  charitable 
institutions  for  voting  purposes  is  their  former  place  of  abode. 


168  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

FENCES. 

In  counties  under  township  organization,  the  toton  assessor  and  com- 
missioner of  highways  are  the  fence-viewers  in  their  respective  towns. 
In  other  counties  the  County  Board  appoints  three  in  each  precinct  annu- 
ally.    A  Imvful  fence  is  four  and  one-half  feet  high,  in  good  repair,  con- 
sisting of   rails,  timber,   boards,  stone,  hedges,  or  whatever  the  fence- 
viewers  of  the  town  or  precinct  where  the   same  shall  lie,  shall  consider 
equivalent  thereto,  but  in  counties  under  township  organization  the  annual 
town  meeting  may  establish  any  other  kind  of  fence  as  such,  or  the  County 
Board  in  other  counties  may  do  the  same.     Division  fences  shall  be  made 
and  maintained  in  just  proportion  by  the  adjoining  owners,  except  when 
the  owner  shall  choose  to  let  his  land  lie  open,  but  after  a  division  fence  is 
built  by  agreement  or  otherwise,  neither  party  can  remove  his  part  of  such 
fence  so  long  as  he  may  crop  or  use  such  land  for  farm  purposes,  or  without 
giving  the  other  party  ojie  year's  notice  in  writing  of  his  intention  to  remove 
his  portion.     When  any  person  shall  enclose  his  land  upon  the  enclosure 
of  another,  he  shall  refund  the  owner  of  the  adjoining  lands  a  just  pro- 
portion of  the  value  at  that  time  of  such  fence.     The  value  of  fence  and 
the  just  proportion  to  be  paid  or  built  and  maintained  by  each  is  to  be 
ascertained  by  two  fence-viewers  in  the  town  or  precinct.     Such  fence- 
viewers  have  power  to  settle  all  disputes  between  different  owners  as  to 
fences  built  or  to  be  built,  as  well  as  to  repairs  to  be  made.     Each  party 
chooses  one  of  the  viewers,  but  if  the   other  party  neglects,  after  eight 
days'  notice  in  writing,  to  make  his  choice,  then  the  other  party  ma} 
select  both.     It  is  sufficient  to  notify  the  tenant  or  party  in  possession, 
when  the  owner  is  not  a  resident  of  the  town  or  precinct.     The  two 
fence-viewers   chosen,  after  viewing  the  premises,  shall  hear  the  state- 
ments of  the  parties ,    in  case  they  can't  agree,  they  shall  select  another 
.  fence-viewer  to  act  with   them,  and  the  decision  of  any  two  of  them  is 
final.     The  decision  must  be  reduced  to  writing,  and  should  plainly  set 
out  description  of  fence  and  all  matters  settled  by  them,  and  must  be 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  town  clerk  in  counties  under  township  organiza- 
tion, and  in  other  counties  with  the  county  clerk. 

Where  any  person  is  liable  to  contribute  to  the  erection  or  the 
repairing  of  a  division  fence,  neglects  or  refuses  so  to  do,  the  party 
injured,  after  giving  sixty  days  notice  in  writing  when  a  fence  is  to  be 
erected,  or  ten  days  when  it  is  only  repairs,  may  proceed  to  have  the 
work  done  at  the  expense  of  the  party  whose  duty  it  is  to  do  it,  to  be 
recovered  from  him  with  costs  of  suit,  and  the  party  so  neglecting  shall 
also  be  liable  to  the  party  injured  for  all  damages  accruing  from  such 
neglect  or  refusal,  to  be  determined  by  any  two  fence-viewers  selected 
as  before  provided,  the  appraisement  to  be  reduced  to  writing  and  signed. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  169 

Where  a  person  shall  conclude  to  remove  his  part  of  a  division  fence, 
and  let  his  land  lie  open,  and  having  given  the  year's  notice  required,  the 
adjoining  owner  may  cause  the  value  of  said  fence  to  be  ascertained  by 
fence-vi^wers  as  before  provided,  and  on  payment  or  tender  of  the 
amount  of  such  valuation  to  the  owner,  it  shall  prevent  the  removal.  A 
party  removing  a  division  fence  without  notice  is  liable  for  the  damages 
accruing  thereby. 

Where  a  fence  has  been  built  on  the  land  of  another  through  mis- 
take, the  owner  may  enter  upon  such  premises  and  remove  his  fence  and 
material  within  oix  months  after  the  division  line  has  been  ascertained. 
Where  the  materiul  to  build  such  a  fence  has  been  taken  from  the  land 
on  which  it  was  built,  then  before  it  can  be  removed,  the  person  claiming 
must  first  pay  for  such  material  to  the  owner  of  the  land  from  which  it 
was  taken,  nor  shall  tiuch  a  fence  be  removed  at  a  time  when  the  removal 
will  throw  open  or  expose  the  crops  of  the  other  party ;  a  reasonable 
time  must  be  given  beyond  the  .six  months  to  remove  crops. 

The  compensation  of  fence-viewers  is  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  a 
day  each,  to  be  paid  in  the  first  instance  by  the  party  calling  them,  but 
in  the  end  all  expenses,  including  amount  charged  by  the  fence-viewers, 
must  be  paid  equally  b}^  the  parties,  except  in  cases  where  a  party  neglects 
or  refuses  to  make  or  maintain  a  just  proportion  of  a  division  fence,  when 
the  party  in  default  shall  pay  them. 

DAMAGES  FROM  TRESPASS. 

Where  stock  of  any  kind  breaks  into  any  person's  enclosure,  the 
fence  being  good  and  sufficient,  the  owner  is  liable  for  the  damage  done  ; 
but  where  the  damage  is  done  by  stock  running  at  large,  contrary  to  law, 
the  owner  is  liable  where  th«ire  is  not  such  a  fence.  Where  stock  is 
found  trespassing  on  the  enclosure  of  another  as  aforesaid,  the  owner  oi 
occupier  of  the  premises  may  take  possession  of  such  stock  and  keep  the 
same  until  damages,  with  reasonable  charges  for  keeping  and  feeding  and 
all  costs  of  suit,  are  paid.  Any  person  taking  or  rescuing  such  stock  so 
held  without  his  consent,  shall  be  liable  to  a  fine  of  not  less  than  three 
nor  more  than  five  dollars  for  each  animal  rescued,  to  be  recovered  b}^ 
suit  before  a  justice  of  the  peace  for  the  use  of  the  school  fund.  Within 
twenty-four  hours  after  taking  such  animal  into  his  possession,  the  per- 
son taking  it  up  must  give  notice  of  the  fact  to  the  owner,  if  known,  or 
if  unknown,  notices  must  be  posted  in  some  public  place  near  the  premises. 

LANDLORD  AND  TENANT. 

The  owner  of  lands,  or  his  legal  representatives,  can  sue  for  and 
recover  rent  therefor,  in  any  of  the  following  cases  : 

First.     When  rent  is  due  and  in  arrears  on  a  lease  for  life  or  lives. 


170  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS. 

Second.  When  lands  are  held  and  occupied  by  any  person  without 
any  special  agreement  for  rent. 

Third.  When  possession  is  obtained  under  an  agreement,  written 
or  verbal,  for  the  purchase  of  the  premises  and  before  deed  given,  the 
right  to  possession  is  terminated  by  forfeiture  on  con-compliance  with  the 
agreement,  and  possession  is  wrongfully  refused  or  neglected  to  be  given 
upon  demand  made  in  writing  by  the  party  entitled  thereto.  Provided 
that  all  payments  made  by  the  vendee  or  his  representatives  or  assigns, 
may  be  set  off  against  the  rent. 

Fourth.  When  land  has  been  sold  upon  a  judgment  or  a  decree  of 
court,  when  the  party  to  such  judgment  or  decree,  or  person  holding  under 
him,  wrongfully  refuses,  or  neglects,  to  surrender  possession  of  the  same, 
after  demand  in  writing  hj  the  person  entitled  to  the  possession. 

Fifth.  When  the  lands  have  been  sold  upon  a  mortgage  or  trust 
deed,  and  the  mortgagor  or  grantor  or  person  holding  under  him,  wrong- 
fully refuses  or  neglects  to  surrender  possession  of  the  same,  after  demand 
in  writing  by  the  person  entitled  to  the  possession. 

If  any  tenant,  or  any  person  who  shall  come  into  possession  from  or 
under  or  by  collusion  with  such  tenant,  shall  willfully  hold  over  any  lands, 
etc.,  after  the  expiration  the  term  of  their  lease,  and  after  demand  made 
in  writing  for  the  possession  thereof,  is  liable  to  pay  double  rent.  A 
tenancy  from  year  to  year  requires  sixty  days  notice  in  writing,  to  termi- 
nate the  same  at  the  end  of  the  year  ;  such  notice  can  be  given  at  any 
time  within  four  months  preceding  the  last  sixty  days  of  the  year. 

A  tenancy  by  the  month,  or  less  tlian  a  year,  where  the  tenant  holds 
over  without  any  special  agreement,  the  landlord  may  terminate  the 
tenancy,  by  thirty  days  notice  in  writing. 

When  rent  is  due,  the  landlord  may  serve  a  notice  upon  the  tenant, 
stating  that  unless  the  rent  is  paid  within  not  less  than  five  days,  his  lease 
will  be  terminated  ;  if  the  rent  is  not  paid,  the  landlord  may  consider  the 
lease  ended.  When  default  is  made  in  any  of  the  terms  of  a  lease,  it 
shall  not  be  necessary  to  give  more  than  ten  days  notice  to  quit  or  of  the 
termination  of  such  tenanc}^ ;  and  the  same  may  be  terminated  on  giving 
such  notice  to  quit,  at  any  time  after  such  default  in  any  of  the  terms  of 
such  lease  ;  which  notice  may  be  substantially  in  the  following  form,  viz: 

To ,  You  are  hereby  notified  that,  in  consequence  of  your  default 

in  (here  insert  the  character  of  the  default),  of  the  premises  now  occupied 
by  you,  being  etc.  (here  .describe  the  premises),  I  have  elected  to  deter- 
mine your  lease,  and  you  are  hereby  notified  to  quit  and  deliver  up  pos- 
session of  the  same  to  me  within  ten  days  of  this  date  (dated,  etc.) 

The  above  to  be  signed  by  the  lessor  or  his  agent,  and  no  other  notice 
or  demand  of  possession  or  termination  of  such  tenancy  is  necessary. 

Demand  may  be  made,  or  notice  served,  by  delivering  a  written  or 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  171 

pnnted,  or  partly  either,  copy  thereof  to  the  tenant,  or  leaving  the  same 
with  some  person  above  the  age  of  twelve  years  residing  on  or  in  posses- 
sion of  the  premises  ;  and  in  case  no  one  is  in  the  actual  possession  of  the 
said  premises,  then  by  posting  the  same  on  the  premises.  When  the 
tenancy  is  for  a  certain  time,  and  the  term  expires  by  the  terms  of  the 
lease,  the  tenant  is  then  bound  to  surrender  possession,  and  no  notice 
to  quit  or  demand  of  possession  is  necessary. 

Distress  for  rent. — In  all  cases  of  distress  for  rent,  the  landlord,  by 
himself,  his  agent  or  attorney,  may  seize  for  rent  any  personal  property  of 
his  tenant  that  may  be  found  in  the  county  where  the  tenant  resides ;  the 
property  of  any  other  person,  even  if  found  on  the  premises,  is  not 
liable. 

An  inventory  of  the  property  levied  upon,  with  a  statement  of  the 
amount  of  rent  claimed,  should  be  at  once  filed  with  some  justice  of  the 
peace,  if  not  over  $200  ;  and  if  above  that  sum,  with  the  clerk  of  a  court 
of  record  of  competent  jurisdiction.  Property  may  be  released,  by  the 
party  executing  a  satisfactory  bond  for  double  the  amount. 

The  landlord  may  distrain  for  rent,  any  time  within  six  months  after 
the  expiration  of  the  term  of  the  lease,  or  when  terminated. 

In  all  cases  where  the  premises  rented  shall  be  sub-let,  or  the  lease 
assigned,  the  landlord  shall  have  the  same  right  to  enforce  lien  against 
such  lessee  or  assignee,  that  he  has  against  the  tenant  to  whom  the  pre- 
mises were  rented. 

When  a  tenant  abandons  or  removes  from  the  premises  or  any  part 
thereof,  the  landlord,  or  his  agent  or  attorney,  may  seize  upon  any  grain 
or  other  crops  grown  or  growing  upon  the  premises,  or  part  thereof  so 
abandoned,  whether  the  rent  is  due  or  not.  If  such  grain,  or  other  crops, 
or  any  part  thereof,  is  not  fully  grown  or  matured,  the  landlord,  or  his 
agent  or  attorney,  shall  cause  the  same  to  be  properly  cultivated,  harvested 
or  gathered,  and  may  sell  the  same,  and  from  the  proceeds  pay  all  his . 
labor,  expenses  and  rent.  The  tenant  may,  before  the  sale  of  such  pro- 
perty, redeem  the  same  by  tendering  the  rent  and  reasonable  compensation 
for  work  done,  or  he  may  replevy  the  same. 

Exemption. — The  same  articles  of  personal  property  which  are  bylaw 
exempt  from  execution,  except  the  crops  as  above  stated,  is  also  exempt 
from  distress  for  rent. 

If  any  tenant  is  about  to  or  shall  permit  or  attempt  to  sell  and 
remove  from  the  premises,  without  the  consent  of  his  landlord,  such 
portion  of  the  crops  raised  thereon  as  will  endanger  the  lien  of  the  land- 
lord upon  such  crops,  for  the  rent,  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  landlord  to 
distress  before  rent  is  due. 


112  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

LIENS. 

Any  person  who  shall  by  contract,  express  or  implied,  or  partly  both, 
with  the  owner  of  any  lot  or  tract  of  land,  furnish  labor  or  material,  or- 
services  as  an  architect  or  superintendent,  in  building,  altering,  repairing 
or  ornamenting  any  house  or  other  building  or  appurtenance  thereto  on 
such  lot,  or  upon  any  street  or  alley,  and  connected  with  such  improve- 
ments, shall  have  a  lien  upon  the  whole  of  such  lot  or  tract  of  land,  and 
upon  such  house  or  building  and  appurtenances,  for  the  amount  due  to 
him  for  such  labor,  material  or  services.  If  the  contract  is  expressed,  and 
the  time  for  the  completion  of  the  work  is  heyond  three  years  from  the  com- 
mencement thereof ;  or,  if  the  time  of  payment  is  beyond  one  year  from 
the  time  stipulated  for  the  completion  of  the  work,  then  no  lien  exists. 
If  the  contract  is  implied,  then  no  lien  exists,  unless  the  work  be  done  or 
material  is  furnished  within  one  year  from  the  commencement  of  the  work 
or  delivery  of  the  materials.  As  between  different  creditors  having  liens, 
no  preference  is  given  to  the  one  whose  contract  was  first  made  ;  but  each 
shares  j)ro-rata.  Incumbrances  existing  on  the  lot  or  tract  of  the  land  at 
the  time  the  contract  is  made,  do  not  operate  on  the  improvements,  and 
are  only  preferred  to  the  extent  of  the  value  of  the  land  at  the  time  of 
making  the  contract.  The  above  lien  can  not  be  enforced  unless  suit  is 
commenced  within  six  months  after  the  last  payment  for  labor  or  materials 
shall  have  become  due  and  payable.  Sub-contractors,  mechanics,  workmen 
and  other  persons  furnishing  any  material,  or  performing  any  labor  for  a 
contractor  as  before  specified,  have  a  lien  to  the  extent  of  the  amount  due 
the  contractor  at  the  time  the  following  notice  is  served  upon  the  owner 
of  the  land  who  made  the  contract : 

To ,  You  are  hereby  notified,  that  I  have  been  employed  by- 


(here  state  whether  to  labor  or  furnish  material,  and  substantially  the 
nature  of  the  demand)  upon  your  (here  state  in  general  terms  description 
and  situation  of  building),  and  that  I  shall  hold  the  (building,  or  as  the 
case  may  be),  and  your  interest  in  the  ground,  liable  for  the  amount  that 

may  (is  or  may  become)  due  me  on  account  thereof.     Signature, 

Date, 

•If  there  is  a  contract  in  writing  between  contractor  and  sub-contractor, 
a  copy  of  it  should  be  served  with  above  notice,  and  said  notice  must  be 
served  within  forty  days  from  the  completion  of  such  sub-contract,  if  there 
is  one  ;  if  not,  then  from  the  time  payment  should  have  been  made  to  the 
person  performing  the  labor  or  furnishing  the  material.  If  the  owner  is 
not  a  resident  of  the  county,  or  can  not  be  found  therein,  then  the  above 
notice  must  be  filed  with  the  clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court,  with  his  fee,  fifty 
cents,  and  a  copy  of  said  notice  must  be  published  in  a  newspaper  pub- 
lished in  the  county,  for  four  successive  weeks. 


ABSTRACT   OF  ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  173 

When  the  owner  or  agent  is  notified  as  above,  he  can  retain  any 
money  due  the  contractor  sufficient  to  pay  such  claim  ;  if  more  than  one 
claim,  and  not  enough  to  i3ay  all,  they  are  to  be  paid  pro  rata. 

The  owner  has  the  right  to  demand  in  writing,  a  statement  of  the 
contractor,  of  what  he  owes  for  labor,  etc.,  from  time  to  time  as  the  work 
progresses,  and  on  his  failure  to  comply,  forfeits  to  the  owner  |50  for 
every  offense. 

The  liens  referred  to  cover  any  and  all  estates,  whether  in  fee  for 
hie,  for  years,  or  any  other  interest  which  the  owner  may  have. 

To  enforce  the  lien  of  sub-contractors,  suit  must  be  commenced  within 
three  months  from  the  time  of  the  performance  of  the  sub-contract,  or 
during  the  Avork  or  furnishing  materials. 

Eotel,  inn  and  boarding-house  keepers,  have  a  lien  upon  the  baggage 
and  other  valuables  of  their  guests  or  boarders,  brought  into  such  hotel, 
inn  or  boarding-house,  by  their  guests  or  boarders,  for  the  proper  charges 
due  from  such  guests  or  boarders  for  their  accommodation,  board  and 
lodgings,  and  such  extras  as  are  furnished  at  their  request. 

Slable-keejJers  and  other  persons  have  a  lien  upon  the  horses,  car- 
riages and  harness  kept  by  them,  for  the  proper  charges  due  for  the  keep- 
ing thereof  and  expenses  bestowed  thereon  at  the  request  of  the  owner 
or  the  person  having  the  possession  of  the  same. 

Agisters  (persons  who  take  care  of  cattle  belonging  to  others),  and 
persons  keeping,  yarding,  feeding  or  pasturing  domestic  animals,  shall 
have  a  lien  upon  the  animals  agistered,  kept,  yarded  or  fed,  for  the  proper 
charges  due  for  such  service. 

All  persons  who  may  furnish  any  railroad  corporation  in  this  state 
with  fuel,  ties,  material,  supplies  or  any  other  article  or  thing  necessary 
for  the  construction,  maintenance,  operation  or  repair  of  its  road  by  con- 
tract, or  may  perform  work  or  labor  on  the  same,  is  entitled  to  be  paid  as* 
part  of  the  current  expenses  of  the  road,  and  have  a  lien  upon  all  its  pro- 
perty. Sub-contractors  or  laborers  have  also  a  lien.  The  conditions  and 
limitations  both  as  to  contractors  and  sub-contractors,  are  about  the  same 
as  herein  stated  as  to  general  liens. 

DEFINITION   OF  COMMERCIAL  TERMS. 

$ means  dollars,  being  a  contraction  of  U.  S.,  which  was  formerly 

placed  before  any  denomination  of  money,  and  meant,  as  it  means  now,^ 
United  States  Currency. 

<£ means  pounds,  English  money. 

(fr  stands  for  at  or  to.  it)  for  jjound,  and  bbl.  for  barrel;  '^  tor  per  or 
by  the.     Thus,  Butter  sells  at  20@30c  ^  lb,  and  Flour  at  $8@12  f  bbl. 

yo  for  per  cent  and  f  for  number. 

May  1.— Wheat  sells  at  .|1.20@1.25,  "seller  June."      Seller  June 


174  ABSTRACT   OF    ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

means  that  the  person  who  sells  the  wheat  has  the  privilege  of  delivering 
it  at  any  time  during  the  month  of  June. 

Selling  short,  is  contracting  to  deliver  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or 
stock,  at  a  fixed  price,  within  a  certain  length  of  time,  when  the  seller 
has  not  the  stock  on  hand.  It  is  for  the  interest  of  the  person  selling 
"short,"  to  depress  the  market  as  much  as  possible,  in  order  that  he  may 
buy  and  fill  his  contract  at  a  profit.  Hence  the  "  shorts  "  are  termed 
"  bears." 

Buying  long,  is  to  contract  to  purchase  a  certain  amount  of  grain  or 
shares  of  stock  at  a  fixed  price,  deliverable  within  a  stipulated  time, 
expecting  to  make  a  profit  by  the  rise  of  prices.  The  "longs"  are 
termed  "bulls,"  as  it  is  for  their  interest  to  "  operate  "  so  as  to  "toss" 
the  prices  upward  as  much  as  possible. 

NOTES. 

Form  of  note  is  legal,  worded  in  the  simplest  way,  so  that  the 
amount  and  time  of  payment  are  mentioned. 

1100.  Chicago,  111.,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Sixty  days  from  date  I  promise  to  pay  to  E.  F.  Brown, 
or  order.  One  Hundred  dollars,  for  value  received. 

L.  D.  LowRY. 

A  note  to  be  payable  in  any  thing  else  than  mone}^  needs  only  the 

facts  substituted  for  money  in  the  above  form. 

ORDERS. 

Orders  should  be  worded  simply,  thus : 

Mr.  F.  H.  Coats:  Cliicago,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Please  pay  to  H.  Birdsall,  Twenty-five  dollars,  and  charge  to 

F.    D.    SiLVA. 

RECEIPTS. 

Receipts  should  always  state  when  received  and  what  for,  thus : 

$100.  Chicago,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Received  of  J.  W.  Davis,  One  Hundred  dollars,  for  services 
rendered  in  grading  his  lot  in  Fort  Madison,  on  account. 

Thomas   Brady. 

If  receipt  is  in  full  it  should  be  so  stated. 

BILLS   OF   PURCHASE. 

W.  N.  Mason,                                  Salem,  Illinois,  Sept.  15,  1876. 

Bought  of  A.  A.  Graham. 

4  Bushels  of  Seed  Wheat,  at  $1.50       -             -             -  -         $6.00 

2  Seamless  Sacks                    "        .30             -             -  .60 


Received  payment,  $6.60, 

A.  A.  Grahajvi. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  1T6 

ARTICLES  OF  AGREEMENT. 

An  agreement  is  where  one  party  promises  to  another  to  do  a  certain 
thing  in  a  certain  time  for  a  stipulated  sura.  Good  business  men  always 
reduce  an  agreement  to  writing,  which  nearly  always  saves  misunder- 
standings and  trouble.  No  particular  form  is  necessary,  but  the  facts  must 
be  clearly  and  explicitly  stated,  and  there  must,  to  make  it  valid,  be  a 
reasonable  consideration. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  AGREEMENT. 

This  Agreement,  made  the  Second  day  of  October,  1876,  between 
John  Jones,  of  Aurora,  County  of  Kane,  State  of  Illinois,  of  the  first  part, 
and  Thomas  Whiteside,  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part  — 

WITNESSETH,  that  the  said  John  Jones,  in  consideration  of  the  agree- 
ment of  the  party  of  the  second  part,  hereinafter  contained,  contracts  and 
agrees  to  and  with  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  that  he  will  deliver,  in 
good  and  marketable  condition,  at  the  Village  of  Batavia,  111.,  during  the 
month  of  November,  of  this  year.  One  Hundred  Tons  of  Prairie  Hay,  in 
the  following  lots,  and  at  the  following  specified  times ;  namely,  twenty- 
five  tons  by  the  seventh  of  November,  twenty-five  tons  additional  by  the 
fourteenth  of  the  month,  twenty-five  tons  more  by  the  twenty -first,  and 
the  entire  one  hundred  tons  to  be  all  delivered  by  the  thirtieth  of 
November. 

And  the  said  Thomas  Whiteside,  in  consideration  of  the  prompt 
fulfillment  of  this  contract,  on  the  part  of  the  party  of  the  first  part, 
contracts  to  and  agrees  with  the  said  John  Jones,  to  pay  for  said  hay  five 
dollars  per  ton,  for  each  ton  as  soon  as  delivered. 

In  case  of  failure  of  agreement  by  either  of  the  parties  hereto,  it  is 
hereby  stipulated  and  agreed  that  the  party  so  failing  shall  pay  to  the 
other,  One  Hundred  Dollars,  as  fixed  and  settled  damages. 

Id  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  the  day  and 
year  first  above  written.  John  Jones, 

Thomas  Whiteside. 

AGREEMENT  WITH  CLERK  FOR  SERVICES. 

This  Agreement,  made  the  first  day  of  May,  one  thousand  eight 

hundred  and   seventy-six,  between  Reuben  Stone,  of  Chicago,  County 

of  Cook,  State  of  lUinois,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  George  Barclay,  of 

.Englewood,  County  of  Cook,  State  of  Illinois,  party  of  the  second  part  — 

WITNESSETH,  that  Said  George  Barclay  agrees  faithfully  and  dili- 
gently to  work  as  clerk  and  salesman  for  the  said  Reuben  Stone,  for 
and  during  the  space  of  one  year  from  the  date  hereof,  should  both 
live  such  length  of  time,  without  absenting  himself  from  his  occupation ; 


X7(j  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

durincT  which  time  he,  the  said  Barclay,  in  the  store  of  said  Stone,  of 
Chicago,  will  carefully  and  honestly  attend,  doing  and  performing  all 
duties  as  clerk  and  salesman  aforesaid,  in  accordance  and  in  all  respects 
as  directed  and  desired  by  the  said  Stone. 

In  consideration  of  which  services,  so  to  be  rendered  by  the  said 
Barclay,  the  said  Stone  agrees  to  pay  to  said  Barclay  the  annual  sum  of 
one  thousand  dollars,  payable  in  twelve  equal  monthly  payments,  each 
upon  the  last  day  of  each  month  ;  provided  that  all  dues  for  days  of 
absence  from  business  by  said  Barclay,  shall  be  deducted  from  the  sum 
otherwise  by  the  agreement  due  and  payable  by  the  said  Stone  to  the  said 

Barclay. 

Witness  our  hands.  Reuben  Stone. 

George  Barclay. 

BILLS  OF  SALE. 

A  bill  of  sale  is  a  written  agreement  to  another  party,  for  a  consider- 
ation to  convey  his  right  and  interest  in  the  personal  property.  The 
purchaser  must  take  actual  possession  of  the  property.  Juries  have 
power  to  determine  upon  the  fairness  or  unfairness  of  a  bill  of  sale. 

COMMON  FORM  OF  BILL  OF  SALE. 

Know  all  Men  by  this  instrument,  that  I,  Louis  Clay,  of  Princeton, 
Illinois,  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration  of  Five  Hundred 
and  Ten  dollars,  to  me  paid  by  John  Floyd,  of  the  same  place,  of  the 
second  part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  sold,  and 
by  this  instrument  do  convey  unto  the  said  Floyd,  party  of  the  second 
part,  his  executors,  administrators,  and  assigns,  my  undivided  half  of 
ten  acres  of  corn,  now  growing  on  the  farm  of  Thomas  Tyrrell,  in  the 
town  above  mentioned ;  one  pair  of  horses,  sixteen  sheep,  and  five  cows, 
belonging  to  me,  and  in  my  possession  at  the  farm  aforesaid ;  to  have  and 
to  hold  the  same  unto  the  party  of  the  second  part,  his  executors  and 
assigns,  forever.  And  I  do,  for  myself  and  legal  representatives,  agree 
with  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives,  to 
warrant  and  defend  the  sale  of  the  afore-mentioned  property  and  chattels 
unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  and  his  legal  representatives, 
against  all  and  every  person  whatsoever. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  affixed  my  hand,  this  tenth  day 
of  October,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

Louis  Clay. 

BONDS. 

A  bond  is  a  written  admission  on  the  part  of  the  maker  in  which  he 
pledges  a  certain  sum  to  another,  at  a  certain  time. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  177 

COMMON  FORM  OF  BOND. 

Know  all  Men  by  this  instrument,  that  I,  George  Edgerton,  of 
Watseka,  Iro(Xuois  Count}- ,  State  of  Illinois,  ara  firmly  bound  unto  Peter 
Kirchoff,  of  the  place  aforesaid,  in  the  sura  of  five  hundred  dollars,  to  be 
paid  to  the  said  Peter  Kirchoff,  or  his  legal  representatives ;  to  which 
payment,  to  be  made,  I  bind  myself,  or  my  legal  representatives,  by  this 
instrument. 

Sealed  with  my  seal,  and  dated  this  second  day  of  November,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  sixty-four. 

The  condition  of  this  bond  is  such  that  if  I,  George  Edgerton,  my 
heirs,  administrators,  or  executors,  shall  promptly  pay  the  sum  of  two 
hundred  and  fifty  dollars  in  three  equal  annual  payments  from  the  date 
hereof,  with  annual  interest,  then  the  above  obligation  to  be  of  no  effect ; 
otherwise  to  be  in  full  force  and  valid. 
Sealed  and  delivered  in 

presence  of  George  Edgerton.     [l.s.] 

William   Turner. 

CHATTEL   MORTGAGES. 

A  chattel  mortgage  is  a  mortgage  on  personal  property  for  payment 
of  a  certain  sum  of  money,  to  hold  the  property  against  debts  of  other 
creditors.  The  mortgage  must  describe  the  property,  and  must  be 
acknowledged  before  a  justice  of  the  peace  in  the  township  or  precinct 
where  the  mortgagee  resides,  and  entered  upon  his  docket,  and  must  be 
recorded  in  the  recorder's  office  of  the  county. 

GENERAL  FORM  OF  CHATTEL  MORTGAGE. 

This  Indenture,  made  and  entered  into  this  first  day  of  January, 
in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-five, 
between  Theodore  Lottinville,  of  the  town  of  Geneseo  in  the  County 
of  Henry,  and  State  of  Illinois,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  Paul  Henshaw, 
of  the  same  town,  county,  and  State,  party  of  the  second  part. 

Witnesseth,  that  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consider- 
ation of  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars,  in  hand  paid,  the  receipt  whereof 
is  hereby  acknowledged,  does  hereby  grant,  sell,  conve}^,  and  confirm  unto 
the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever,  all  and 
singular  the  following  described  goods  and  chattels,  to  wit : 

Two  three-year  old  roan-colored  horses,  one  Burdett  organ.  No.  987, 
one  Brussels  carpet,  15x20  feet  in  size,  one  marble-top  center  table,  one 
Home  Comfort  cooking  stove.  No.  8,  one  black  walnut  bureau  with  mirror 
attached,  one  set  of  parlor  chairs  (six  in  number),  upholstered  in  green 
rep,  with  lounge  corresponding  with  same  .in  style  and  color  of  upholstery, 
now  in  possession  of  said  Lottinville,  at  No.  4  Prairie  Ave.,  Geneseo,  111.; 


178 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 


Together  with  all  and  singular,  the  appurtenances  thereunto  l3elong- 
ing,  or  in  any  wise  appertaining ;  to  have  and  to  hold  the  above  described 
goods  and  chattels,  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and 
assigns,  forever. 

Provided,  always,  and  these  presents  are  upon  this  express  condition, 
that  if  the  said  Theodore  Lottinville,  his  heirs,  executors,  administrators, 
or  assigns,  shall,  on  or  before  the  first  day  of  January,  A.D.,  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  seventy-six,  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  to  the  said  Paul 
Ranslow,  or  his  lawful  attorney  or  attorneys,  heirs,  executors,  adminis- 
trators, or  assigns,  the  sum  of  One  Thousand  dollars,  together  with  the 
interest  that  may  accrue  thereon,  at  the  rate  of  ten  per  cent,  per  annum, 
from  the  first  day  of  January,  A.D.  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
seventy-five,  until  paid,  according  to  the  tenor  of  one  promissory  note 
bearing  even  date  herewith  for  the  payment  of  said  sum  of  money,  that 
then  and  from  thenceforth,  these  presents,  and  everything  herein  con- 
tained, shall  cease,  and  be  null  and  void,  anything  herein  contained  to  the 
contrary  notwithstanding. 

Provided,  also,  that  the  said  Theodore  Lottinville  may  retain  the 
possession  of  and  have  the  use  of  said  goods  and  chattels  until  the  day 
of  payment  aforesaid ;  and  also,  at  his  own  expense,  shall  keep  said  goods 
and  chattels;  and  also  at  the  expiration  of  said  time  of  payment,  if  said 
sum  of  money,  together  with  the  interest  as  aforesaid,  shall  not  be  paid, 
shall  deliver  up  said  goods  and  chattels,  in  good  condition,  to  said  Paul 
Ranslow,  or  his  heirs,  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns. 

And  provided,  also,  that  if  default  in  pa^-ment  as  aforesaid,  by  said 
party  of  the  first  part,  shall  be  made,  or  if  said  party  of  the  second  part 
shall  at  any  time  before  said  promissory  note  becomes  due,  feel  himself 
unsafe  or  insecure,  that  then  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  or  his 
attorney,  agent,  assigns,  or  heirs,  executors,  or  administrators,  shall  have 
the  right  to  take  possession  of  said  goods  and  chattels,  wherever  they 
may  or  can  be  found,  and  sell  the  same  at  public  or  private  sale,  to  the 
highest  bidder  for  cash  in  hand,  after  giving  ten  days'  notice  of  the  time 
and  place  of  said  sale,  together  with  a  description  of  the  goods  and  chat- 
tels to  be  sold,  by  at  least  four  advertisements,  posted  up  in  public  places 
in  the  vicinity  where  said  sale  is  to  take  place,  and  proceed  to  make  the 
sum  of  money  and  interest  promised  as  aforesaid,  together  with  all  reason- 
able costs,  charges,  and  expenses  in  so  doing  ;'and  if  there  shall  be  any 
overplus,  shall  pay  the  same  without  delay  to  the  said  party  of  the  first 
part,  or  his  legal  representatives. 

In  testimony  whereof,  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  has  hereunto 
set  his  hand  and  affixed  his  seal,  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 
Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in 

presence  of  Theodore  Lottinville.     [l.s.] 

Samuel  J.  Tilden. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  179 


LEASE  OF  FARM  AND   BUILDINGS  THEREON. 

This  Indenture,  made  this  second  day  of  June,  1875,  between  David 
Patton  of  the  Town  of  Bisbee,  State  of  Illinois,  of  the  first  part,  and  John 
Doyle  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part, 

Witnesseth,  that  the  said  David  Patton,  for  and  in  consideration  of 
the  covenants  hereinafter  mentioned  and  reserved,  on  the  part  of  the  said 
John  Doyle,  his  executors,  administrators,  and  assigns,  to  be  paid,  kept, 
and  performed,  hath  let,  and  by  these  presents  doth  grant,  demise,  and 
let,  unto  the  said  John  Doyle,  his  executors,  administrators,  and  assigns, 
all  that  parcel  of  land  situate  in  Bisbee  aforesaid,  bounded  and  described 

as  follows,  to  wit : 

[^Here  describe  the  land.^ 

Together  with  all  the  appurtenances  appertaining  thereto.  To  have 
and  to  hold  the  said  premises,  with  appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  unto 
the  said  Doyle,  his  executors,  administrators,  and  assigns,  for  the  term  of 
five  years,  from  the  first  day  of  October  next  following,  at  a  yearly  rent 
of  Six  Hundred  dollars,  to  be  paid  in  equal  payments,  semi-annually,  as 
long  as  said  buildings  are  in  good  tenantable  condition. 

And  the  said  Doj-le,  by  these  presents,  covenants  and  agrees  to  pay 
all  taxes  and  assessments,  and  keep  in  repair  all  hedges,  ditches,  rail,  and 
other  fences ;  (the  said  David  Patton,  his  heirs,  assigns  and  administra- 
tors, to  furnish  all  timber,  brick,  tile,  and  other  materials  necessary  for 

such  repairs.) 

Said  Doyle  further  covenants  and  agrees  to  apply  to  said  land,  in  a 
farmer-like  manner,  all  manure  and  compost  accumulating  upon  said 
farm,  and  cultivate  all  the  arable  land  in  a  husbandlike  manner,  accord- 
ing to  the  usual  custom  among  farmers  in  the  neighborhood ;  he  also 
agrees  to  trim  the  hedges  at  a  seasonable  time,  preventing  injury  from 
cattle  to  such  hedges,  and  to  all  fruit  and  other  trees  on  the  said  premises. 
That  he  will  seed  down  with  clover  and  timothy  seed  twenty  acres  yearly 
of  arable  land,  ploughing  the  same  number  of  acres  each  Spring  of  land 
now  in  grass,  and  hitherto  unbroken. 

It  is  further  agreed,  that  if  the  said  Doyle  shall  fail  to  perform  the 
whole  or  any  one  of  the  above  mentioned  covenants,  then  and  in  that 
case  the  said  David  Patton  may  declare  this  lease  terminated,  by  giving 
three  months'  notice  of  the  same,  prior  to  the  first  of  October  of  any 
year,  and  may  distrain  any  part  of  the  stock,  goods,  or  chattels,  or  other 
property  in  possession  of  said  Doyle,  for  sufficient  to  compensate  for  the 
non-performance  of  the  above  written  covenants,  the  same  to  be  deter- 
mined, and  amounts  so  to  be  paid  to  be  determined,  by  three  arbitrators, 
chosen  as  follows:  Each  of  the  parties  to  this  instrument  to  choose  one, 


180  ABSTRACT   OF  ILLINOIS   STATE  LAWS. 

and  the  two  so  chosen  to  select  a  third  ;    the  decision  of  said  arbitrators 
to  be  final. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  hereto  set  our  hands  and  seals. 
Signed,  sealed,  and  delivered 

in  presence  of  David  Patton.     [l.s.] 

James  Waldron.  John  Doyle.         [l.s.] 

FORM  OF  LEASE  OF  A  HOUSE. 

This  Instrument,  made  the  first  day  of  October,  1875,  witnesseth 
that  Amos  Griest  of  Yorkville,  County  of  Kendall,  State  of  Illinois,  liath 
rented  from  Aaron  Young  of  Logansport  aforesaid,  the  dwelling  and  lot 
No.  13  Ohio  Street,  situated  in  said  City  of  Yorkville,  for  five  years 
from  the  above  date,  at  the  yearly  rental  of  Three  Hundred  dollars,  pay- 
able monthly,  on  the  first  day  of  each  month,  in  advance,  at  the  residence 
of  said  Aaron  Young. 

At  the  expiration  of  said  above  mentioned  term,  the  said  Griest 
agrees  to  give  the  said  Young  peaceable  possession  of  the  said  dwelling, 
in  as  good  condition  as  when  taken,  ordinary  wear  and  casualties  excepted. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  place  our  hands  and  seals  the  day  and  year 
aforesaid. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  Amos  Griest.     [l.s.] 

in  presence  of 

NiCKOLAS   SCHUTZ,  AARON  YoUNG.     [l.S.] 

Notary  Public. 

LANDLORD'S  AGREEMENT. 

This  certifies  that  I  have  let  and  rented,  this  first  day  of  January, 
1876,  unto  Jacob  Schmidt,  ray  house  and  lot,  No.  15  Erie  Street,  in  the 
City  of  Chicago,  State  of  Illinois,  and  its  appurtenances  ;  he  to  have  the 
free  and  uninterrupted  occupation  thereof  for  one  year  from  this  date,  at 
the  yearly  rental  of  Two  Hundred  dollars,  to  be  paid  monthly  in  advance  ; 
rent  to  cease  if  destroyed  by  fire,  or  otherwise  made  untenantable. 

Peter  Funk. 
TENANT'S  AGREEMENT. 

This  certifies  that  I  have  hired  and  taken  from  Peter  Funk,  his 
house  and  lot.  No.  15  Erie  Street,  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  State  of  Illi- 
nois, with  appurtenances  thereto  belonging,  for  one  year,  to  commence 
this  day,  at  a  yearly  rental  of  Two  Hundred  dollars,  to  be  paid  monthly 
in  advance ;  unless  said  house  becomes  untenantable  from  fire  or  other 
causes,  in  which  case  rent  ceases  ;  and  I  further  agree  to  give  and  yield 
said  premises  one  year  from  this  first  day  of  January  1876,  in  as  good 
condition  as  now,  ordinary  wear  and  damage  by  the  elements  excepted. 

Given  under  my  hand  this  day.  Jacob  ScHJvnDT. 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE  LAWS.  181 

NOTICE  TO  QUIT. 

To  F.  W.  Aelen, 

Sir :  Please  observe  that  the  term  of  one  year,  for  which  the  house 
and.  land,  situated  at  No.  6  Indiana  Street,  and  now  occupied  b}'  you, 
were  rented  to  you,  expired  on  the  first  day  of  October,  1875,  and  as  I 
desire  to  repossess  said  premises,  you  are  hereby  requested  and  required 
to  vacate  the  same.  Respectfully  Yours, 

P.  T.  Baknum. 

Lincoln,  Neb.,  October  4,  1875. 

TENANT'S  NOTICE  OF  LEAVING. 

Dear  Sir  : 

The  premises  I  now  occupy  as  your  tenant,  at  No.  6  Indiana  Street, 
I  shall  vacate  on  the  first  day  of  November,  1875.  You  will  please  take 
notice  accordingly. 

Dated  this  tenth  day  of  October,  1875.  F.  W.  Arlen. 

To  P,  T.  Barnum,  Esq. 

REAL  ESTATE  MORTGAGE  TO  SECURE  PAYMENT  OF  MONEY. 

This  Indenture,  made  this  sixteenth  day  of  May,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  between  William 
Stocker,  of  Peoria,  County  of  Peoria,  and  State  of  Illinois,  and  011a,  his 
wife,  party  of  the  first  part,  and  Edward  Singer,  party  of  the  second  part. 

Whereas,  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  is  justly  indebted  to  the  said 
party  of  the  second  part,  in  the  sum  of  Two  Thousand  dollars,  secured 
to  be  paid  by  two  certain  promissory  notes  (bearing  even  date  herewith) 
the  one  due  and  payable  at  the  Second  National  Bank  in  Peoria,  Illinois, 
with  interest,  on  the  sixteenth  day  of  May,  in  the  year  one  thousand  eight 
hundred  and  seventy-three  ;  the  other  due  and  payable  at  the  Second 
National  Bank  at  Peoria,  111.,  with  interest,  on  the  sixteenth  day  of  May, 
in  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventj'^-four. 

Now,  therefore,  this  indenture  witnesseth,  that  the  said  party  of  the 
first  part,  for  the  better  securing  the  payment  of  the  money  aforesaid, 
with  interest  thereon,  according  to  the  tenor  and  effect  of  the  said  two 
promissory  notes  above  mentioned ;  and,  also  in  consideration  of  the  fur- 
ther sum  of  one  dollar  to  them  in  hand  paid  by  the  said  party  of  the  sec- 
ond part,  at  the  delivery  of  these  presents,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby 
acknowledged,  have  granted,  bargained,  sold,  and  conveyed,  and  by  these 
presents  do  grant,  bargain,  sell,  and  convey,  unto  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  forever,  all  that  certain  parcel  of  land, 
situate,  etc. 

\_Descrihing  the  premises.^ 

To  have  and  to  hold  the  same,  together  with  all  and  singular  the 
Tenements,    Hereditaments,    Privileges    and   Appurtenances    thereunto 


182  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

belono'ing  or  in  any  wise  appertaining.  And  also,  all  the  estate,  interest, 
and  claim  whatsoever,  in  law  as  well  as  in  equity  which  the  party  of 
the  first  part  have  in  and  to  the  premises  hereby  conveyed  unto  the  said 
party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  and  to  their  only  proper 
use,  benefit  and  behoof.  And  the  said  William  Stocker,  and  011a,  his 
wife,  party  of  the  first  part,  hereby  expressly  waive,  relinquish,  release, 
and  convey  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs,  executors, 
administrators,  and  assigns,  all  right,  title,  claim,  interest,  and  benefit 
whatever,  in  and  to  the  above  described  premises,  and  each  and  every 
part  thereof,  which  is  given  by  or  results  from  all  laws  of  this  state  per- 
taining to  the  exemption  of  homesteads. 

Provided  always,  and  these  presents  are  upon  this  express  condition, 
that  if  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  their  heirs,  executors,  or  adminis- 
trators, shall  well  and  truly  pay,  or  cause  to  be  paid,  to  the  said  party  of 
the  second  part,  his  heirs,  executors,  administrators,  or  assigns,  the  afore- 
said sums  of  money,  with  such  interest  thereon,  at  the  time  and  in  the 
manner  specified  in  the  above  mentioned  promissory  notes,  according  to 
the  true  intent  and  meaning  thereof,  then  in  that  case,  these  presents  and 
every  thing  herein  expressed,  shall  be  absolutely  null  and  void. 

In  witness  whereof,  the  said  part)'-  of  the  first  part  hereunto  set  their 
hands  and  seals  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 
Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in  presence  of 

James  Whitehead,  William  Stocker.     [l.s.] 

Fred.  Samuels.  Olla  Stocker.  [l.s.] 

WARRANTY  DEED  WITH  COVENANTS. 

This  Indenture,  made  this  sixth  day  of  April,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  between  Henry  Best 
of  Lawrence,  County  of  Lawrence,  State  of  Illinois,  and  Belle,  his  wife, 
of  the  first  part,  and  Charles  Pearson  of  the  same  place,  of  the  second  part, 

Witnesseth,  that  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  consideration 
of  the  sum  of  Six  Thousand  dollars  in  hand  paid  by  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  have  granted, 
bargained,  and  sold,  and  by  these  presents  do  grant,  bargain,  and  sell, 
unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  all  the  fol- 
lowing described  loi,  piece,  or  parcel  of  land,  situated  in  the  City  of  Law- 
rence, in  the  County  of  Lawrence,  and  State  of  Illinois,  to  wit: 

[^Sere   describe  the  property/.'] 

Together  with  all  and  singular  the  hereditaments  and  appurtenances 
thereunto  belonging  or  in  any  wise  appertaining,  and  the  reversion  and 
reversions,  remainder  and  remainders,  rents,  issues,  and  profits  thereof; 
and  all  the  estate,  rignt,  title,  interest,  claim,  and  demand  whatsoever,  of 
the  said  party  of  the  nrst  part,  either  in  law  or  equity,  of,  in,  and  to  the 


ABSTRACT   OF    ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  185 

above  bargained  premises,  with  the  hereditaments  and  appurtenances. 
To  have  and  to  hold  the  said  premises  above  bargained  and  described, 
with  the  appurtenances,  unto  the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs 
and  assigns,  forever.  And  the  said  Henry  Best,  and  Belle,  his  wife,  par- 
ties of  the  first  part,  hereby  expressly  waive,  release,  and  relinquish  unto 
the  said  party  of  the  second  part,  his  heirs,  executors,  administrators,  and 
assigns,  all  right,  title,  claim,  interest,  and  benefit  whatever,  in  and  to  the 
above  described  premises,  and  each  and  every  part  thereof,  which  is  given 
by  or  results  from  all  laws  of  this  state  pertaining  to  the  exemption  of 
homesteads. 

And  the  said  Henry  Best,  and  Belle,  his  wife,  party  of  the  first 
part,  for  themselves  and  their  heirs,  executors,  and  administrators,  do 
covenant,  grant,  bargain,  and  agree,  to  and  with  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  that  at  the  time  of  the  ensealing  and 
delivery  of  these  presents  they  were  well  seized  of  the  premises  above 
conveyed,  as  of  a  good,  sure,  perfect,  absolute,  and  indefeasible  estate  of 
inheritance  in  law,  and  in  fee  simple,  and  have  good  right,  full  power, 
and  lawful  authority  to  grant,  bargain,  sell,  and  convey  the  same,  in 
manner  and  form  aforesaid,  and  that  the  same  are  free  and  clear  from  all 
former  and  other  grants,  bargains,  sales,  liens,  taxes,  assessments,  and 
encumbrances  of  what  kind  or  nature  soever ;  and  the  above  bargained 
premises  in  the  quiet  and  peaceable  possession  of  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  against  all  and  every  person  or  persons 
lawfully  claiming  or  to  claim  the  whole  or  any  part  thereof,  the  said  party 
of  tlie  first  part  shall  and  will  warrant  and  forever  defend. 

In  testimony  whereof,  the  said  parties  of  the.  first  part  have  hereunto 
set  their  hands  and  seals  the  day  and  year  first  above  written. 
Signed,  sealed  and  delivered 

in  presence  of  Henry  Best,     [l.s.] 

Jerry  Linklater.  Belle  Best.      [l.s.] 

QUIT-CLAIM  DEED. 

This  Indenture,  made  the  eighth  day  of  June,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-four,  between  David  Tour, 
of  Piano,  County  of  Kendall,  State  of  Illinois,  party  of  the  first  part, 
and  Larry  O'Brien,  of  the  same  place,  party  of  the  second  part, 

Witnesseth,  that  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  for  and  in  considera- 
tion of  Nine  Hundred  dollars  in  hand  paid  by  the  said  party  of  the  sec- 
ond part,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  acknowledged,  and  the  said  party 
of  the  second  part  forever  released  and  discharged  therefrom,  has  remised, 
released,  sold,  conveyed,  and  quit-claimed,  and  by  these  presents  does 
remise,  release,  sell,  convey,  and  quit-claim,  unto  the  said  party  of  the 
second  part,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  forever,  all  the  right,  title,  interest, 


18(5  ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS. 

claim,  and  demand,  whicli  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  has  in  and  to 
the  following  described  lot,  piece,  or  parcel  of  land,  to  wit : 

\_nere  describe  the  land.'] 
To  have  and  to  hold  the  same,  together  with  all  and  singular  the 
appurtenances  and  privileges  thereunto  belonging,  or  in  any  wise  there- 
unto appertaining,  and  all  the  estate,  right,  title,  interest,  and  claim 
whatever,  of  the  said  party  of  the  first  part,  either  in  law  or  equity,  to 
the  only  proper  use,  benefit,  and  behoof  of  the  said  party  of  the  second 
part,  his  heirs  and  assigns  forever. 

In  witness  whereof  the  said  party  of  the  first  part  hereunto  set  his 
hand  and  seal  the  day  and  year  above  written. 

Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  David  Tour,     [l.s.] 

in  presence  of 
Thomas  Ashley. 

The  above  forms  of  Deeds  and  Mortgage  are  such  as  have  heretofore 
been  generally  used,  but  the  following  are  much  shorter,  and  are  made 
equally  valid  by  the  laws  of  this  state. 

WARRANTY  DEED. 

The  grantor  (here  insert  name  or  names  and  place  of  residence),  for 
and  in  consideration  of  (here  insert  consideration)  in  hand  paid,  conveys 
and  warrants  to  (here  insert  the  grantee's  name  or  names)  the  following 
described  real  estate  (here  insert  description),  situated  in  the  County  of 
in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of  A.  D.  18 . 

QUIT  CLAIM  DEED. 

The  grantor  (here  iYisert  grantor's  name  or  names  and  place  of  resi- 
dence), for  the  consideration  of  (here  insert  consideration)  convey  and 
quit-claim  to  (here  insert  grantee's  name  or  names)  all  interest  in  the 
following  described  real  estate  (here  insert  description),  situated  in  the 
County  of  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of  A.  D.  18 . 

MORTGAGE. 

The  mortgagor  (here  insert  name  or  names)  mortgages  and  warrants 
to  (here  insert  name  or  names  of  mortgagee  or  mortgagees),  to  secure  the 
payment  of  (here  recite  the  nature  and  amount  of  indebtedness,  showing 
when  due  and  the  rate  of  interest,  and  whether  secured  by  note  or  other- 
wise), the  following  described  real  estate  (here  insert  description  thereof), 
situated  in  the  County  of  in  the  State  of  Illinois. 

Dated  this day  of A.  D.  18 . 

RELEASE. 

Know  all  Men  by  these  presents,  that  I,  Peter  Ahlund,  of  Chicago, 
of  the  County  of  Cook,  and  State  of  Illinois,  for  and  in  consideration  of 
One  dollar,  to  me  in  hand  paid,  and  for  other  good  and  valuable  considera- 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  187 

tions,  the  receipt  whereof  is  hereby  confessed,  do  hereby  grant,  bargain, 
remise,  convey,  release,  and  quit-claim  unto  Joseph  Carlin  of  Chicago, 
of  the  County  of  Cook,  and  State  of  Illinois,  all  the  right,  title,  interest, 
claim,  or  demand  whatsoever,  I  may  have  acquired  in,  through,  or  by  a 
certain  Indenture  or  Mortgage  Deed,  bearing  date  the  second  day  of  Jan- 
uary, A.  D.  1871,  and  recorded  in  the  Recorder's  office  of  said  county, 
in  book  A  of  Deeds,  page  46,  to  the  premises  therein  described,  and  which 
said  Deed  was  made  to  secure  one  certain  promissory  note,  bearing  even 
date  with  said  deed,  for  the  sum  of  Three  Hundred  dollars. 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal,  this  seaond  day  of  November,  A.  D.  1874. 

Peter  Ahlund.     [l.s.] 
State  of  Illinois,      } 
Cook  County.        ]      '  I,   George   Saxton,   a  Notary   Public  in 

and  for  said  county,  in  the  state  aforesaid,  do  hereby 
certify  that  Peter  Ahlund,  personally  known  to  me 
as  the  same  person  whose  name  is  subscribed  to  the 
foregoing  Release,  appeared  before  me  this  day  in 
[  "^szIl!^^  ]  person,  and  acknowledged  that  he  signed,  sealed,  and 

delivered  the  said  instrument  of  writing  as  his  free 
a.id  voluntary  act,  for  the  uses  and  purposes  therein 
set  forth. 

Giv^n  under  my  hand  and  seal,  this  second  day  of 
November,  A.  D.  1874. 

George  Saxton,  N.  P. 

GENERAL  FOh-iVI  OF  WILL  FOR  REAL  AND  PERSONAL  PROPERTY. 

I,  Charles  Mansfield,  of  the  Town  of  Salem,  County  of  Jackson, 
State  of  Illinois,  being  aware  of  the  uncertainty  of  life,  and  in  failing 
health,  but  of  sound  mind  and  memory,  do  make  and  declare  this  to  be 
my  last  will  and  testament,  in  manner  following,  to  wit: 

First.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  unto  my  oldest  son,  Sidney  H. 
Mansfield,  the  sum  of  Two  Thousand  Dollars,  cf  bank  stock,  now  in  the 
Third  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  the  farm  owned  by  myself 
in  the  Town  of  Buskirk,  consisting  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres,  with 
all  the  houses,  tenements,  and  improvements  thereunto  belonging ;  to 
have  and  to  hold  unto  my  said  son,  his  heirs  and  assiguv,  forever. 

Second.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  each  of  my  daughters,  Anna 
Louise  Mansfield  and  Ida  Clara  Mansfield,  each  Two  Thousand  dollars  in 
bank  stock,  in  the  Third  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  also  each 
one  quarter  section  of  land,  owned  by  myself,  situated  in  the  Town  of 
Lake,  Illinois,  and  recorded  in  mv  name  in  the  Recorder's  offic«!  in  the 
county  where  such  land  is  located.  The  north  one  hundred  and  sixty 
acres  of  said  half  section  is  devised  to  my  eldest  daughter,  Anna  Louise. 
6 


188 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS    STATE   LAWS. 


Third.  I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  my  son,  Frank  Alfred  Mans- 
field, Five  shares  of  Railroad  stock  in  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  my  one  hundred  and  sixty  acres  of  land  and  saw  mill  thereon,  situ- 
ated in  Manistee,  Michigan,  with  all  the  improvements  and  appurtenances 
thereunto  belonging,  which  said  real  estate  is  recorded  in  my  name  in  the 
county  where  situated. 

Fourth.  I  give  to  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  all  ray 
household  furniture,  goods,  chattels, 'and  personal  property,  about  my 
home,  not  hitherto  disposed  of,  including  Eight  Thousand  dollars  of  bank 
stock  in  the  Third  National  Bank  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Fifteen  shares  in 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  free  and  unrestricted  use,  pos- 
session, and  benefit  of  the  home  farm,  so  long  as  she  may  live,  in  lieu  of 
dower,  to  which  she  is  entitled  by  law ;  said  farm  being  my  present  place 
of  residence. 

Fifth.  I  bequeath  to  my  invalid  father,  Elijah  H.  Mansfield,  the 
income  from  rents  of  my  store  building  at  145  Jackson  Street,  Chicago, 
Illinois,  during  the  term  of  his  natural  life.  Said  building  and  land  there- 
with to  revert  to  my  said  sons  and  daughters  in  equal  proportion,  upon 
the  demise  of  my  said  father. 

Sixth.  It  is  also  my  will  and  desire  that,  at  the  death  of  my  wife, 
Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  or  at  any  time  when  she  may  arrange  to 
relinquish  her  life  interest  in  the  above  mentioned  homestead,  the  same 
may  revert  to  my  above  named  children,  or  to  the  lawful  heirs  of  each. 

And  lastly.  I  nominate  and  appoint  as  executors  of  this  my  last  will 
and  testament,  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield,  and  my  eldest  son, 
Sidney  H.  Mansfield. 

I  further  direct  that  iiiy  debts  and  necessary  funeral  expenses  shaJ 
be  paid  from  moneys  now  on  deposit  in  the  Savings  Bank  of  Salem,  the 
residue  of  such  moneys  to  revert  to  my  wife,  Victoria  Elizabeth  Mansfield, 
for  her  use  forever. 

In  witness  whereof,  1,  Charles  Mansfield,  to  this  my  last  will  and 
testament,  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal,  this  fourth  day  of  April, 
eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-two. 


Signed,  sealed,  and  declared  by  Charles 
Mansfield,  as  and  for  his  last  will  and 
testament,  in  the  presence  of  us,  who, 
at  his  request,  and  in  his  presence,  and 
in  the  presence  of  each  other,  have  sub-  V 
scribed  our  names  hereunto  as  witnesses 
thereof. 

Peter  A.  Schenck,  Sycamore,  Ills. 

Frank  E.  Dent,  Salem,  Ills. 


Charles  Mansfield,  [l.s.] 


Charles  Mansfield,  [l.s.] 


> 


ABSTRACT   OF   ILLINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  18U 

CODICIL 

Whereas  I,  Charles  Mansfield,  did,  on  the  fourth  day  of  April,  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  seventy-two,  make  my  last  will  and  testa- 
ment, I  do  now,  by  this  writing,  add  this  codicil  to  my  said  will,  to  be 
taken  as  a  part  thereof. 

Whereas,  by  the  dispensation  of  Providence,  my  daughter,  Anna 
Louise,  has  deceased  November  fifth,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-three, 
and  whereas,  a  son  has  been  born  to  me,  which  son  is  now  christened 
Richard  Albert  Mansfield,  I  give  and  bequeath  unto  him  my  gold  watch, 
and  all  ri'-ht,  interest,  and  title  in  lands  and  bank  stock  and  chattels 
bequeathed  to  my  deceased  daughter,  Anna  Louise,  in  the  body  of  this  will. 

In  witness  whereof,  I  hereunto  place  my  hand  and  seal,  this  tenth 
dav  of  March,  eighteen  hundred  and  seventy-five. 

Signed,  sealed,  published,  and  declared  to' 

us  by  the  testator,  Charles  Mansfield,  as 

and  for  a  codicil  to  be  annexed  to  his 

last  will  and   testament.      And  we,  at 

his  request,  and  in  his  presence,  and  in 

the  presence  of  each  other,  have  sub- 
scribed our  names  as  witnesses  thereto, 

at  the  date  hereof. 
Frank  E.  Dent,  Salem,  Ills. 
John  C.  Shay,  Salem,  Ills. 


CHURCH    ORGANIZATIONS 

May  be  legally  made  by  electing  or  apjjointing,  according  to  the  usages 
or  customs  of  the  body  of  which  it  is  a  part,  at  any  meeting  held  for  that 
purpose,  two  or  more  of  its  members  as  trustees,  wardens  or  vestrymen,  and 
may  adopt  a  corporate  name.  The  chairman  or  secretary  of  such  meeting 
shall,  as  soon  as  possible,  make  and  file  in  the  office  of  the  recorder  of 
deeds  of  the  county,  an  affidavit  substantially  in  the  following  form : 

State  of  Illinois,  ] 

•  County.       \ 

I,   ,   do    solemnly   swear    (or  affirm,   as    the    case    may  be), 

that  at  a  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  (here  insert  the  name  of  the 
church,  society  or  congregation  as  known   before   organization),  held  at 

(here   insert  place  of  meeting),   in  the   County  of ,  and  State  of 

Illinois,  on  the day  of  ,  A.D.  18 — ,  for  that  purpose,  the  fol- 
lowing persons  were  elected  (or  appointed)  \Jiere  insert  their  name8~\ 
trustees,  wardens,  vestrymen,  (or  officers  by  wliatever  name  they  may 
choose  to  adopt,  with  powers  similar  to  trustees)  according  to  the  rules 
and  usages  of  such  (church,  society  or  congregation),  and  said 


190  ABSTRACT    OF    ILLINOIS    STATE    LAWS. 

adopted  as  its  corporate  name  (here  insert  name),  and  at  said  meeting 
this  affiant  acted  as  (chairman  or  secretary,  as  the  case  may  be). 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,  this day  of  ,  A.D. 

18—.  Name  of  Affiant 

which  affidavit  must  be  recorded  by  the  recorder,  and  shall  be,  or  a  certi- 
fied copy  made  by  the  recorder,  received  as  evidence  of  such  an  incorpo- 
ration. 

No  certificate  of  election  after  the  first  need  he  filed  for  record. 

The  term  of  office  of  the  trustees  and  the  general  government  of  the 
society  can  be  determined  by  the  rules  or  by-laws  adopted.     Failure  to 
elect  trustees  at  the  time  provided  does  not  work  a  dissolution,  but  the 
old  trustees  hold  over.     A  trustee  or  trustees  may  be  removed,   in  the 
same  manner  by  the  society  as  elections  are  held  by  a  meeting  called  for 
that  purpose.     The  property  of  the  society  vests  in  the  corporation.     The 
corporation  may  hold,   or  acquire   by  purchase  or  otherwise,  land  not 
exceeding  ten  acres,  for  the  purpose  of  the  society.     The  trustees  have 
the  care,  custody  and  control  of  the  property  of  the  corporation,  and  can, 
ivhen  directed  by  the 'society,  erect  houses  or  improvements,  and  repair 
and    alter  the  same,   and    may  also   when  so  directed  by  the  society, 
mortgage,  encumber,  sell  and  convey  any  real  or  personal  estate  belonging 
to  the  corporation,  and  make  all  proper  contracts  in  the   name  of  such 
corporation.     But  they  are  prohibited  by  law  from  encumbering  or  inter- 
fering with  any  property  so  as  to  destroy  the   effect  of  any  gift,  grant, 
devise   or  bequest  to  the  corporation  ;  but  such  gifts,  grants,  devises  or 
bequests,  must  in  all  cases  be  used  so  as  to  carry  out  the  object  intended 
by  the  persons  making  the  same.     Existing  societies  may  organize  in  the 
manner  herein  set  forth,  and  have  all  the  advantages  thereof. 

SUGGESTIONS  TO  THOSE  PURCHASING  BOOKS  BY  SUBSCRIPTION. 

The  business  of  publishing  books  by  subscription  having  so  often  been 
brought  into  disrepute  by  agents  making  representations  and  declarations 
not  authorized  by  the  publisher  ;  in  order  to  prevent  that  as  much  as  possi- 
ble, and  that  there  may  be  more  general  knowledge  of  the  relation  such 
agents  bear  to  their  principal,  and  the  law  governing  such  cases,  the  fol- 
lowino-  statement  is  made  : 

A  subscription  is  in  the  nature  of  a  contract  of  mutual  promises,  by 
which  the  subscriber  agrees  to  pUy  a  certain  sum  for  the  work  described ; 
the  consideration  is  concurrent  that  the  publisher  shall  publish  the  book 
named,  and  deliver  the  same,  for  which  the  subscriber  is  to  pay  the  price 
named.  The  nature  and  character  of  the  work  is  described  in  the  prospectus 
and  by  the  sample  shown.  These  should  be  carefully  examined  before  sub- 
scribing, as  they  are  the  basis  and  consideration  of  the  promise  to  pay, 


ABSTRACT    OF    ll^LINOIS   STATE   LAWS.  191 

and  not  the  too  often  exaggerated  statements  of  the  agent^  who  is  merdy 
employed  to  solicit  subscriptions,  for  which  he  is  usually  paid  a  commission 
for  each  subscriber,  and  has  no  authority  to  change  or  alter  the  conditions 
upon  which  the  subscriptions  are  authorized  to  be  made  by  the  publisher. 
Should  the  agent  assume  to  agree  to  make  the  subscription  conditional  or 
modify  or  change  the  agreement  of  the  publisher,  as  set  out  by  prospectus 
and  sample,  in  order  to  bind  the  principal,  the  subscriber  should  see  that 
such  conditions  or  changes  are  stated  over  or  in  connection  with  his  signa- 
ture, so  that  the  publisher  may  have  notice  of  the  same. 

All  persons  making  contracts  in  reference  to  matters  of  this  kind,  or 
any  other  business,  should  remember  that  the  law  as  to  written  contracts  is^ 
that  they  can  not  be  varied,  altered  or  rescinded  verbally,  but  if  done  at  all, 
must  be  done  in  writing.  It  is  therefore  important  that  all  persons  contem- 
plating subscribing  should  distinctly  understand  that  all  talk  before  or  after 
the  subscription  is  made,  is  not  admissible  as  evidence,  and  is  no  part  of  the 
contract. 

Persons  employed  to  solicit  subscriptions  are  known  to  the  trade  as 
canvassers.  They  are  agents  appointed  to  do  a  particular  business  in  a 
prescribed  mode,  and  have  no  authority  to  do  it  in  any  other  way  to  the 
prejudice  of  their  principal,  nor  can  they  bind  their  principal  in  any  other 
matter.  They  cannot  collect  money,  or  agree  that  payment  may  be  made 
in  anything  else  but  money.  They  can  not  extend  the  time  of  payment 
beyond  the  time  of  delivery,  nor  bind  their  principal  for  the  payment  of 
expenses  incurred  in  their  buisness. 

It  would  save  a  great  deal  of  trouble,  and  often  serious  loss,  if  persons, 
before  signing  their  names  to  any  subscription  book,  or  any  written  instru- 
ment, would  examine  carefully  what  it  is  ;  if  they  can  not  read  themselves, 
should  call  on  some  one  disinterested  who  can. 

6 


192  (JUNSTITOTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 


CONSTITUTION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    OF   AMERICA 

AND  ITS  AMENDMENTS. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  union, 
establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity/,  provide  for  the  common 
defense,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty 
to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution 
for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Article  I. 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in 
a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives. 

Sec.  2.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  mem- 
bers chosen  every  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  states,  and  the 
electors  in  each  state  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of 
the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislature. 

No  person  shall  be  a  representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the 
age  of  twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  in 
which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  sev- 
eral states  which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  theii 
respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole 
number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of 
years,  and  excluding  Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons. 
The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three  years  after  the  first 
meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subse- 
quent term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The 
number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty  thousand, 
but  each  state  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative  ;  and  until  such 
enumeration  shall  be  made  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled 
to  choose  three,  Massachusetts  eight,  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plan- 
tations one,  Connecticut  five,  New  York  six.  New  Jersey  four,  Pennsylva- 
nia eight,  Delaware  one,  Maryland  six,  Virginia  ten.  North  Carolina  five, 
and  Georgia  three. 

When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  state,  the 
Executive  authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such 
vacancies. 

The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other 
officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two 
Senators  from  each  state,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years ; 
and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote. 

Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first 
election,  they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes. 
The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expira- 


AJH)  ITS   A]VIEND]MENTS.  193 

tion  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth 
year,  and  of  the  third  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that 
one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies  happen  by 
resignation  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  state, 
the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments  until  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such  vacajcies. 

No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age 
of  thirty  years  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and 
who  shall  not,  w^hen  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  state  for  which  he 
shall  be  chosen. 

The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the 
Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro 
tempore,  iu  the  absence  of  the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise 
the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When 
sitting  for  that  purpose  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the 
President  of  the  United  States  is  tried  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside. 
And  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present. 

Judgment,  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  not  extend  further  than  to 
removal  from  office,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of 
honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted 
shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment, 
and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  4.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Sen- 
ators and  Representatives  shall  be  prescribed  in  each  state  by  the  Legis- 
lature thereof;  but  the  Congress  mav  at  anv  time  bv  law  make  or  alter 
such  regulations,  except  as  to  the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 

The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such 
meeting  shall  be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by 
law  appoint  a  different  day. 

Sec.  5.  Each  house  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  election,  returns,  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  to  do  business ;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to 
day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members 
in  such  manner  and  under  such  penalties  as  each  house  may  provide. 

Each  house  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its 
members  for  disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds, 
expel  a  member. 

Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to 
time  publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may.  in  their  judgment, 
require  secrecy  ;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  house 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered 
on  the  journal. 

Neither  house,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other 
place  than  that  in  which  the  two  houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compen- 
sation for  their  services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the 
treasury  of  the  United  States.     They  shall  in  ail  cases,  except  treason, 


194  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their 
attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective  houses,  and  in  going  to  and 
returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or  debate  in  either  house 
they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was 
elected,  be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall 
have  been  increased  during  such  time  ;  and  no  person  holding  any  office 
under  the  United  States,  shall  be  a  member  of  either  house  during  his 
continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of 
Representatives ;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments 
as  on  other  bills. 

Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
the  Senate,  shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President 
.  the  United  States ;  if  he  approve  he  shall  sign  it ;  but  if  not  he  shall 
return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  origi- 
nated, who  shall  enter  the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and 
proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If,  after  such  reconsideration  two-thirds  of  that 
house  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objec- 
tions, to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered,  and  if 
approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  house,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays, 
and  the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered 
on  the  journal  of  each  house  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned 
by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted),  after  it  shall  have 
been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he 
had  signed  it,  unless  the  Congress,  by  their  adjournment,  prevent  its 
return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

Every  order,  resolution,  or  vote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  may  be  necessary  (except  on  a 
question  of  adjournment),  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the 
tjnited  States,  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  approved  by 
him,  or,  being  disapproved  by  him,  shall  be  re-passed  by  two-thirds  of 
the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  lim- 
itations prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.     The  Congress  shall  have  power — 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts, 
and  provide  for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United 
States ;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout 
the  United  States ; 

To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States ; 

To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several 
Str.tes,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes ; 

To  establish  a  uniform  rule  of  naturalization,  and  uniform  laws  on 
the  subject  of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States ; 

To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and 
fix  the  standard  of  weights  and  measures ; 

To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and 
current  coin  of  the  United  States; 

To  establish  post  offices  and  post  roads ; 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  195 

To  promote  the  progress  of  sciences  and  useful  arts,  by  securing, 
for  ^'mited  times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  right  to  their 
respective  writings  and  discoveries ; 

To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court ; 

To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high 
seas,  and  offenses  against  the  law  of  nations ; 

To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules 
concerning  captures  on  land  and  water  ; 

To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that 
use  shall  be  for  n  longer  term  than  two  years ; 

To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy ; 

To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and 
naval  forces ; 

To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the 
Union,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions  ; 

To  provide  for  organizing,  arming  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and 
for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
United  States,  reserving  to  the  states  respectively  the  appointment  of  the 
officers,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  disci' 
pline  prescribed  by  Congress ; 

To  exercise  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  states,  and  the 
acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the 
consent  of  the  Legislature  of  the  state  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for 
the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dock  yards,  and  other  needful 
buildings ;  and 

To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying 
into  execution  the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this 
Constitution  in  the  government  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  depart- 
ment or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the 
states  now  existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited 
by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight, 
but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten 
dollars  for  each  person. 

The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended, 
unless  when  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion  the  public  safety  may 
require  it. 

No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion 
to  the  census  or  enumeration  hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  state. 

No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  rev- 
enue to  the  ports  of  one  state  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels 
bound  to  or  from  one  state  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in 
another. 

No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury,  but  in  consequence  of 
appropriations  made  by  law ;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of 
the  receipts  and  expeditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from 
time  to  time. 


196  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States :  and  no 
person  holding  any  office  of  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the 
consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title 
of  any  kind  whatever,  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

Sec.  10.  No  state  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confeder- 
ation ;  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal ;  coin  money ;  emit  bills  of 
credit ;  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of 
debts ;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the 
obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  of  nobility. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts 
or  duties  on  imports  or  exports,  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary 
for  executing  its  inspection  laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and 
imposts  laid  by  any  state  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States ;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the 
revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

No  state  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  on 
tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  of  war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any 
agreement  or  compact  with  another  state,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or 
engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will 
not  admit  of  delay. 

Akticle  II. 

Section  1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  office  during  the  term 
of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice-President  chosen  for  the  same 
term,  be  elected  as  follows : 

Each  state  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof 
may  direct,  a  number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators 
and  Representatives  to  which  the  state  may  be  entitled  in  the  Congress ; 
but  no  Senator  or  Representative,  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or 
profit  under  the  United  States,  shall  be  appointed  an  Elector. 

[  *  The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states,  and  vote  by 
ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of 
the  same  state  with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all  the 
persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each  ;  which  list  they 
shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  government 
of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  Pres- 
ident of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted. 
The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ; 
and  if  there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal 
number  of  votes,  then  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  immediately 
choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President ;  and  if  no  person  have  a  ma- 
jority, then  from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House  shall  in  like 
manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  vote 
shall  be  taken  by  states,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one 
vote  ;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members 
from  two-thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be 
necessary  to  a  choice.     In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President, 

•  This  clause  between  .brackets  has  been  superseded  and  annulled  by  the  Twelfth  amendment. 


AND    ITS   AMENDMENTS.  197 

the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  Electors  shall  be 
the  Vice-President.  But  if  there  should  remain  two  or  more  who  have 
equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent.] 

The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  Electors,  and 
the  day  on  which  they  shall  give  their  votes  ;  which  day  shall  be  the  same 
throughout  the  United  States. 

No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible 
to  the  office  of  President ;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that 
office  who  shall  not  have  attained  the  age  of  thirty-five  years,  and  been 
fourteen  years  a  resident  within  the  United  States. 

In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death, 
resignation,  or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said 
office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-Piiesident,  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inabil- 
ity, both  of  the  President  and  Vice-President,  declaring  what  officer  shall 
then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly,  until  the  dis- 
ability be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be  elected. 

The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  com- 
pensation which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the 
period  for  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive 
within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States  or  any  of 
them. 

Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  fol- 
lowing oath  or  affirmation: 

"  I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the 
office  of  President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability, 
preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

Sec.  2.  The  President  shall  be  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  states,  when 
called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the 
opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive 
departments,  upon  any  subject  relating  to  the  duties  of  their  respective 
offices,  and  he  shall  have  powei-  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardon  for  offenses 
against  the  United  States,  ex-cept  in  cases  of  impeachment. 

He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  con- 
cur; ai)d  he  shall  nominate,  and  by  and  with  the  advice  of  the  Senate, 
shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court,  and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose 
appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be 
established  by  law ;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment 
of  such  inferior  officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the  President  alone,  in 
the  courts  of  law,  or  in  the  heads  of  departments. 

The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  all  vacancies  that  may 
happen  during  the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which 
shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Sec.  3.  He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information 
of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  mea- 
sures as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and  expedient ;  he  may  on  extraordinary 


198  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

occasions  convene  both  houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagree- 
ment between  them,  with  respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may 
adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper ;  he  shall  receive 
amlDassadors  and  other  public  ministers ;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be 
faithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United 

States. 

Sec.  4.  The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the 
United  States,  shall  be  removed  from  office  on  impeachment  for,  and  con- 
viction of,  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Article  III. 

Section  I.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested 
in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  may  from 
time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and 
inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall,  at 
stated  times,  receive  for  their  services  a  compensation,  which  shall  not  be 
diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  2.  The  judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and 
equity,  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority ;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls ;  to  all  cases  of 
admiralty  and  maritime  jurisdiction  ;  to  controversies  to  which  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  party ;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more  states ; 
between  a  state  and  citizens  of  another  state  ;  between  citizens  of  differ- 
ent states ;  between  citizens  of  the  same  state  claiming  lands  under  grants 
of  different  states,  and  between  a  state  or  the  citizens  thereof,  and  foreign 
states,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls, 
and  those  in'  which  a  state  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have 
original  jurisdiction. 

In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned,  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions 
and  under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by 
jury ;  and  such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  state  where  the  said  crimes  shali 
have  been  committed  ;  but  when  not  committed  within  any  state,  the 
trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have 
directed. 

Sec.  3.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levy- 
ing war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid 
and  comfort.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  tes- 
timony of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open 
court. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason, 
but  no  attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture, 
except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

Article  IV. 

Section  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  state  to  the 
public  acts,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  state.     And 


AND   ITS   AMENDMENTS.  l--^ 

the  Congress  may,  by  general  laws,  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such 
acts,  records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2.  The  citizens  of  each  state  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges 
and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  states. 

A  person  charged  in  any  state  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime, 
who  shall  flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  state,  shall,  on  demand 
of  the  executive  authority  of  the  state  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered 
up,  to  be  removed  to  the  state  having  jurisdicf.on  of  the  crime. 

No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  state,  under  the  laws  thereof 
escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation 
therein,  be  discharged  .from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered 
up  on  the  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Sec.  3.  New  states  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union ; 
but  no  new  state  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any 
other  state  ;  nor  any  state  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  states, 
or  parts  of  states,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  states 
concerned,  as  well  as  of  the  C6ngress. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful 
rules  and  regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging 
to  the  United  States ;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  particular  state. 

Sec.  4.  The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  state  in  this 
Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them 
against  invasion,  and  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Execu- 
tive (when  the  Legislature  can  not  be  convened),  against  domestic  vio- 
lence. 

Article  V. 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  houses  shall  deem  it 
necessary,  shall  propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  ap- 
plication of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  states,  shall  call 
a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be 
valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  rati- 
fied by  the  Legislatures  of  three  fourths  of  the  several  states,  or  by  con- 
ventions in  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratifi- 
cation may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress.  Provided  that  no  amendment 
which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
eiofht  shall  in  anv  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  ninth 
section  of  the  first  article  ;  and  that  no  state,  without  its  consent,  shall 
be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

Article  VI. 

All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adop- 
tion of  this  Constitution  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under 
this  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation. 

This  Constitution,  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be 
made  in  pursuance  thereof,  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made, 
under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the 
land  ;  and  the  Judges  in  every  state  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  in 
the  Constitution  or  laws  of  any  state  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  mem- 

7 


200 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 


bers  of  the  several  state  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  judicial  offi- 
cers, both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  states,  shall  be  bound 
by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution  ;  but  no  religious  test 
shall  ever  be  required  as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under 
the  United  States. 

Article  VII. 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  states  shall  be  sufficient 
for  the  establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  states  so  ratifying 
the  same. 

Done  in  convention  by  the  unanimous  consent  of  the  states  present,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  independence  of  the 
United  States  of  America  the  twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we  have 
hereunto  subscribed  our  names. 

GEO.  WASHINGTON, 

President  and  Deputy  fro^n  Virginia. 


New  Hampshire. 
John  Langdon, 
Nicholas  Gilman. 

Massachusetts. 
Nathaniel  Gorham, 
RuFus  King. 

Connecticut. 
Wm.  Sam'l  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman. 

New  York. 
Alexander  Hamilton. 

New  Jersey. 
WiL.  Livingston, 
Wm.  Paterson, 
David  Brearley, 
JoNA.  Dayton. 

Pennsylvania. 
B.  Franklin, 
RoBT.  Morris, 
Thos.  Fitzsimons, 
James  Wilson, 
Thos.  Mifflin, 
Geo.  Clymer, 
Jared  Ingersoll, 
Gouv.  Morris. 


Delaivare. 
Geo.  Read, 
John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom, 
Gunning  Bedford,  Jr., 
Richard  Bassett. 

Maryland. 
James  M' Henry, 
Danl.  Carroll, 
Dan.  of  St.  Thos.  Jenifer. 

Virginia. 
John  Blair, 
James  Madison,  Jr. 

North  Carolina. 
Wm.  Blount, 
Hu.  Williamson, 
Rich'd  Dobbs  Spaight. 

South  Carolina. 
J.  Rutledge, 
Charles  Pinckney, 
Chas.  Cotesworth  Pinckney, 
Pierce  Butler. 

Georgia. 
William  Few, 
Abr.  Baldwin. 

WILLIAM  JACKSON,  Secretary. 


ASD   ITS   AJVIENDMENTS.  203 


Articles  in  Addition  to  and  Amendatory  op  the  Constitution 
OF  THE  United  States  of  America. 

Proposed  hy  Congress  and  ratified  hy  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  states, 
pursuant  to  the  fifth  article  of  the  original  Constitution. 

Article  I. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion, 
or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of 
speech,  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble, 
and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

Article  II. 

A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free 
state,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  infringed. 

Article  III. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without 
the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  pre- 
scribed by  law. 

Article  IV. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers, 
and  effects  Against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  vio- 
lated ;  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by 
oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched 
and  the  persons  or  things  to  be  seized. 

Article  V. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous 
crime,  unless  on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  Grand  Jury,  except  in 
cases  arising  in  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia  when  in  actual 
service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger ;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject 
for  the  same  offense  to  be  twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb  ;  nor  shall 
be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against  himself,  nor  be 
deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law ;  nor 
shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Article  VI. 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a 
speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  state  and  district 
wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have 
been  previously  ascertained  by  law,  and  to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and 
cause  of  the  accusation ;  to  be  confronted  with  the  witnesses  against  him; 
to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in  his  favor ;  and  to 
have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

Article  VII. 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed 
twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact 


204  CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES 

tried  by  a  jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United 
States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

Article  VIII. 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed, 
nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Article  IX. 

The  enumeration,  in  the  Constitution,  of  certain  rights,  shall  not  be 
construed  to  deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Article  X. 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution, 
nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  states,  are  reserved  to  the  states  respectively, 
or  to  the  people. 

Artici-e  XI. 

The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to 
extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one 
of  the  United  States  by  citizens  of  another  state,  or  by  citizens  or  sub- 
jects of  any  foreign  state. 

Article  XII. 

The  Electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  states  and  vote  by  ballot 
for  President  and  Vice-President,  one  of  whom,  at  least,  shall  not  be  an 
inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with  themselves ;  they  shall  name  in  their 
ballots  the  person  to  be  voted  for  as  president,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the 
person  voted  for  as  Vice-President,  and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of 
all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  Vice- 
President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign 
and  certify,  and  transmit  sealed  to  the  seat  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the 
Senate  shall,  in  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives, 
open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Electors  appointed ; 
and  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the 
highest  number  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as 
President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by 
ballot,  the  President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be 
taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  state  having  one  vote;  a 
quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two- 
thirds  of  the  states,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  states  shall  be  necessary  to 
a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  Presi- 
dent whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the 
fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as 
President,  as  in  the  case  of  the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of 
the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice- 
President,  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  the  majority 
of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  major- 


I 


AND  ITS   AMENDMENTS.  205 

ity,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose 
the  Vice-President ;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds 
of  the  whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number 
shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligible 
to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the 
United  States. 

Article  XIII. 

Section  1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a 
punishment  for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted, 
shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  juris- 
diction. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

Article  XIV. 

Section  1.  All  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States  and 
subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  state  wherein  they  reside.  No  state  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law 
which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  of  citizens  of  the  United 
States;  nor  shall  any  state  deprive  any  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property, 
without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within  its  jurisdiction 
the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Sec.  2.  Representatives  shall  be  appointed  among  the  several  states 
according  to  their  respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  per- 
sons in  each  state,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed ;  but  when  the  right  to 
vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  Electors  for  President  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  United  States,  Representatives  in  Congress,  the  execu- 
tive and  judicial  officers  of  a  state,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature 
thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of  such  state,  being 
twenty-one  years  of  age  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way 
abridged  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crimes,  the  basis  of 
representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  num- 
ber of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens 
twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  state. 

Sec.  3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress, 
or  Elector  of  President  and  Vice-President,  or  hold  any  office,  civil  or 
military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  state,  who,  having  previ- 
ously taken  an  oath  as  a  Member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the 
United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  state  Legislature,  or  as  an  execu- 
tive or  judicial  officer  of  any  state  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
same,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereof.  But  Congress  mav 
by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability. 

Sec.  4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States  author- 
ized by  law,  including  debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  boun- 
ties for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  ques- 
tioned. But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  state  shall  pay  any  debt 
or  obligation  incurred  in  the  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  or  any  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave,  but  such  debts, 
obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 


£06 


CONSTITUTION   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES. 


Sec.  5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce,  by  appropriate 
legislation,  the  provisions 'of  this  act. 

Article  XV. 

Section  1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall 
not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States,  or  by  any  state,  on 
account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

Sec.  2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 


ELECTORS  OF  PRESIDENT  AND  VICE-PRESIDENT. 

November  T,  1876. 


COUNTIES. 


Adams  

Alexander 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 

Bureau 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Champaign 

Christian 

Clark 

Clav  

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook  

Crawford 

Cumberland... 

DeKalb 

DeWitt 

Douglas 

DuPage 

Edgar 

Edwards 

Effingham 

Fayrtte 

Fora 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy  

Hamilton 

Hancock     

Hardin 

Henderson 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Jackson 

Jasper  

Jefferson 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess 

Johnson  

Kane 

Kankakee  

Kendall 

Knox 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Lawrence 

Lee 


'  a>  Q 


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-X- 


c  — 

c  = 


£.2 

X  u 

I  c 


COUNTIES. 


C  ^ 


4953 

1219 

1520 

1965 

944 

3719 

441 

2231 

1209 

4530 

2501 

1814 

1416 

1329 

2957 

36548 

1355 

1145 

3679 

1928 

1631 

2129 

2715 

970 

1145 

1881 

1601 

966 

4187 

703 

1695 

1996 

627 

3496 

330 

1315 

4177 

3768 

2040 


1346 
1345 
2907 
1367 
5398 
2627 
1869 
5235 
2619 
6277 
1198 
3087 


6308 
1280 
1142 

363 
1495 
2218 

900 

918 
IfilS 
3103 
3287 
2197 
1541 
1989 
2822 
39240 
1643 
1407 
1413 
1174 
1357 
1276 
2883 

466 
2265 
2421 

742 
1302 
4669 
1140 
3160 
1142 
1433 
4207 

611 
1015 
1928 
2578 
2071 


41  17 


17 

43 

183 

145 


111 

74 

604 

207 

2361 

112! 

132 

102 

277 

38 

129 

65 

746 

94 

25 

161 

61 

43 

57 

204 

391 

89 

282; 

1 

108 

770 


10 


1667 
2166 
2276 

893 
2850 
1363 

524 
2632 
1647 
6001 
1329 
2080 


134 
1 
340 
249    14 
106 


647 


140 

61 
172 

26 
309 
141 

55 
514 

27 
100 


11 


1 
1 

15 


Livingston 

Logan 

Macon 

Macoupin...., 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall..  ... 

Mason 

Massac , 

McUonough.. 

McHenry 

McLean 

Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery . 

Morgan 

Moultrie 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Pope 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Richland 

Rock  Island... 

Saline 

Sangamon .... 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

St.  Clair 

Stephenson... 

Tazewell 

Union 

Vermilion 

Wabash 

Warren 

Wasliington.. 

Wavne 

White . 

Whiteside 

Will 

Williamson... 
Winnebago... 
Woodford  .... 


•c 

c  '^^ 

H 

c 

c^zn 

S^S 

II 

Is 

£5 

0 

a.— 

•"0 

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3550 
2788 
3120 
3567 
4554 
2009 
1553 
1566 
1231 
2952 
3465 
6363 
1115 
2209 
845 
2486 
3069 
1245 
3833 
4665 
1319 
1541 
1807 
3055 
1043 
646 
2357 
1410 
3912 
980 
4851 
1522 
910 
2069 
1140 
4708 
3198 
2850 
978 
4372 
650 
2795 
1911 
1570 
1297 
3851 
4770 
1672 
4505 
1733 


2134 
2595 
2782 
4076 
4730 
2444 
1430 
1939 

793 
2811 
1874 
4410 
1657 
1428 
1651 
3013 
3174 
1672 
1921 
5443 

800 
1383 
1316 
4040 

772 

459 
2589 
1552 
2838 
1081 
5847 
1804 
1269 
3553 

786 
5891 
2758 
3171 
2155 
3031 

936 
1984 
1671 
1751 
2066 
2131 
3999 
1644 
1568 
2105 


Total 275958|257099  16951  130  157 


1170 

37 

268 

114 

39 

209 

135 

86 

20 

347 

34 

518 

10 

16 

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■3 

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7 

90 

7 

201 

109 

28 
104 

95 
5 

48 
117 

35 

"i 

3 

"s 

"a 

""a 

14 
2 

55 
27 

641 
29 

115 

.... 

.... 

182 
341 
96 
99 
26 
44 

288 

207 

138 

39 

482 

469 

133 

677 

41 

70 

237 

■■'2 

"8 

■13 
1 

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3 
2 

"9 

■  "i 

"4 

1 

"2 

4 

Practical   Rules  for  Every   Day   Use. 


How  to  find  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent,  zvhen  the  cost  and  selling  price 
are  given. 

Rule. — Find  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  selling  price,  which 
will  be  the  gain  or  loss. 

Annex  two  ciphers  to  the  gain  or  loss,  and  divide  it  by  the  cost 
price  ;  the  result  will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Hoiv  to  change  gold  into  currency. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  given  sum  of  gold  by  the  price  of  gold. 

Hoiv  to  change  currency  into  gold. 

Divide  the  amount  in  currency  by  the  price  of  gold. 

How  to  find  each  partner's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss  in  a  copartnership 
business. 

Rule. — Divide  the  whole  gain  or  loss  by  the  entire  stock,  the  quo- 
tient will  be  the  gain  or  loss  per  cent. 

Multipl}'  each  partner's  stock  by  this  per  cent.,  the  result  will  be 
each  one's  share  of  the  gain  or  loss.- 

How  to  find  gross  and  net  weight  and  price  of  hogs. 

A  short  and  simple  method  for  finding  the  net  iveight,  or  price  of  hogs^ 
when  the  gross  weight  or  price  is  given,  and  vice  versa. 

Note.— It  is  generally  assumed  tliat  the  gross  weight  of  Hogs  dimini^ihed  by  1-5  or  20  iit-r  cent, 
of  itself  gives  the  net  weight,  and  the  net  weight  increased  by  K  or  25  per  cent,  of  itself  equals  the 
tcross  weight. 

To  find  the  net  weight  or  gross  price. 
Multiply  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 
To  find  the  gross  weight  or  net  price. 
Divide  the  given  number  by  .8  (tenths.) 

How  to  find  the  capacity  of  a  granary,  bin,  or  ivagon-bed. 

Rule. — Multiply  (by  short  method)  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by 
6308,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place — the  result  will  be  the  correct 
answer  in  bushels  and  tenths  of  a  bushel. 

For  only  an  approximate  ansioer,  multiply  the  cubic  feet  by  8,  and 
point  off  one  decimal  place. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  corn-crib. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  54,  short  method,  or 

(207) 


208  MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION. 

by  4i  ordinary  method,  and  point  off  one  decimal  place— the  result  wili 
be  the  answer  in  bushels. 

NOTE  -In  estimating  corn  in  the  ear,  the  quality  and  the  time  it  has  been  cribbed  must  be  taken 
into  consideration,  since  corn  will  shrink  considerably  during  the  Winter  and  Spring.  Tins  rule  generally  holdi 
good  for  corn  measured  at  the  time  it  is  cribbed,  provided  It  is  sound  and  clean. 

How  to  find  the  contents  of  a  cistern  or  tank. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter  by  the  depth  (all  . 
in  feet)   and  this   product   by  5681   (short  method),  and  point  off  one 
decimal  place — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  barrels  of  31i  gallons. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  contents  of  a  barrel  or  cask.  " 

Rule. — Under  the  square  of  the  mean  diameter,  write  the  length 
(all  in  inches)  in  reversed  order,  so  that  its  units  will  fall  under  the 
TENS ;  multiply  by  short  method,  and  this  product  again  by  430  ;  point 
off  one  decimal  place,  and  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  wine  gallons.  ^^ 

How  to  measure  boards.  % 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  (in  feet)  by  the  width  (in  inches)  and 
divide  the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  the  contents  in  square  feet. 

How  to  measure  scantlings,  joists,  planks,  sills,  etc. 

RuLE.-^Multiply  the  width,  the  thickness,  and  the  length  together 
(the  width  and  thickness  in  inches,  and  'the  length  in  feet),  and  divide 
the  product  by  12 — the  result  will  be  square  feet. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  a  body  of  land. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  (in  rods),  and  divide  the 
product  by  160  (carrying  the  division  to  2  decimal  places  if  there  is  a 
remainder)  ;  the  result  will  be  the  answer  in  acres  and  hundredths. 

When  the  opposite  sides  of  a  piece  of  land  are  of  unequal  length, 
add  them  together  and  take  one-half  for  the  mean  length  or  width. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  square  yards  in  a  floor  or  tvall. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  length  by  the  width  or  height  (in  feet),  and 
divide  the  product  by  9,  the  result  will  be  square  yards. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  number  of  bricks  required  in  a  building. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  22^. 

The  number  of  cubic  feet  is  found  by  multiplying  the  length,  height 
and  thickness  (in  feet)  together. 

Bricks  are  usually  made  8  inches  long,  4  inches  wide,  and  two  inches 
thick  ;  hence,  it  requires  27  bricks  to  make  a  cubic  foot  without  mortar, 
but  it  is  generally  assumed  that  the  mortar  fills  1-6  of  the  space. 

Hoiv  to  find  the  number  of  shingles  required  in  a  roof. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  square  feet  in  the  roof  by  8,  if  the 
shingles  are  exposed  4^  inches,  or  by  7  1-5  if  exposed  5  inches. 

To  find  the  number  of  square  feet,  multiply  the  length  of  the  roof  by 
twice  the  length  of  the  rafters. 


MISCELLANEOUS    INFOKISIATION.  209 

To  find  the  length  of  the  rafters,  at  one-fourth  pitch,  multiply  the 
width  of  the  building  by  .56  (hundredths) ;  at  one-third  pitch,  by  .6 
(tenths)  ;  at  two-fifths  pitch,  by  .64  (hundredths)  ;  at  one-half 
pitch,  by  .71  (hundredths).  This  gives  the  length  of  the  rafters  from 
the  apex  to  the  end  of  the  wall,  and  whatever  they  are  to  project  must  be 
taken  into  consideration. 

NOTE.— By  X  or  ]4  pitch  is  meant  tliat  the  apex  or  comb  of  thereof  is  to  be  X  or  )^  the  widtli  of  the 
building  liigfher  than  the  walls  or  base  of  the  rafters. 

Mow  to  reckon  the  cost  of  hay. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  number  of  pounds  by  half  the  price  per  ton, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  three  places  to  the  left. 

How  to  measure  grain.  * 

Rule. — Level  the  grain ;  ascertain  the  space  it  occupies  in  cubic 
feet ;  multiply  the  number  of  cubic  feet  by  8,  and  point  off  one  place  to 
the  left. 

Note.— Exactness  requires  the  addition  to  every  three  hundred  bushels  of  one  extra  bushel. 

The  foregoing  rule  may  be  used  for  finding  the  number  of  gallons,  by 
multiplying  the  number  of  bushels  by  8. 

If  the  corn  in  the  box  is  in  the  ear,  divide  the  answer  by  2,  to  find 
the  number  of  bushels  of  shelled  corn,  because  it  requires  2  bushels  of  eai 
corn  to  make  1  of  shelled  corn. 

Rapid  rules  for  measuring  land  without  instruments. 

In  measuring  land,  the  first  thing  to  ascertain  is  the  contents  of  any 
given  plot  in  square  3'ards  ;  then,  given  the  number  of  yards,  find  out  the 
number  of  rods  and  acres. 

The  most  ancient  and  simplest  measure  of  distance  is  a  step.  Now, 
an  ordinary-sized  man  can  train  himself  to  cover  one  yard  at  a  stride,  on 
the  average,  with  sufficient  accuracy  for  ordinary  purposes. 

To  make  use  of  this  means  of  measuring  distances,  it  is  essential  to 
walk  in  a  straight  line  ;  to  do  this,  fix  the  eye  on  two  objects  in  a  line 
straight  ahead,  one  comparatively  near,  the  other  remote  ;  and,  in  walk- 
ing, keep  these  objects  constantly  in  line. 

Farmers  and  others  hy  adopting  the  folloiving  simple  and  ingenious  con- 
trivance, may  always  carry  ivith  them  the  scale  to  construct  a  correct  yard 
measure. 

Take  a  foot  rule,  and  commencing  at  the  base  of  the  little  finger  of 
the  left  hand,  mark  the  quarters  of  the  foot  on  the  outer  borders  of  the 
left  arm,  pricking  in  the  marks  with  indelible  ink. 

To  find  hoiv  many  rods  in  length  loill  make  an  acre.,  the  width  being  given. 
Rule. — Divide  160  by  the  width,  and  the  quotient  will  be  the  answer. 


210  MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION. 

How  to  find  the  number  of  acres  in  any  plot  of  land,  the  number  of  roda 
being  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  number  of  rods  by  8,  multiply  the  quotient  by  5, 
and  remove  the  decimal  point  two  places  to  the  left. 

The  diameter  being  given,  to  find  the  circumference. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  diameter  by  3  1-7. 

How  to  find  the  diameter,  when  the  circumference  is  given. 

Rule. — Divide  the  circumference  by  3  1-7. 

To  find  hotv  many  solid  feet  a  round  stick  of  timber  of  the  same  thick- 
ness throughout  will  contain  tvhen  squared. 

Rule. — Square  half  the  diameter  in  inches,  multiply  by  2,  multiply 
by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  the  product  by  144. 

General  rule  for  measuring  timber,  to  find  the  solid  contents  in  feet. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  depth  in  inches  by  the  breadth  in  inches,  and 
then  multiply  by  the  length  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144. 

To  find  the  number  of  feet  of  timber  in  trees  with  the  bark  on. 

Rule. — Multiply  the  square  of  one-fifth  of  the  circumference  in 
inches,  by  twice  the  length,  in  feet,  and  divide  by  144.  Deduct  1-10  to 
1-15  according  to  the  thickness  of  the  bark. 

Howard  s  new  rule  for  computing  interest. 

Rule. — The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  the  time  for  which  the  interest 
on  any  sum  of  money  will  be  shown  by  simply  removing  the  decimal 
point  two  places  to  the  left ;  for  ten  times  that  time,  remove  the  point 
one  place  to  the  left ;  for  1-10  of  the  same  time,  remove  the  point  three 
places  to  the  left. 

Increase  or  diminish  the  results  to  suit  the  time  given. 

Note.— The  reciprocal  of  the  rate  is  found  by  inverting:  the  rate  ;  thus  3  per  cent,  per  month,  in- 
verted, becomes  3i  of  a  month,  or  10  daj's. 

When  the  rate  is  expressed  by  one  figure,  always  write  it  thus :  3-1, 
three  ones. 

Rule  for  converting  English  into  American  currency. 
Multiply  the  pounds,  with  the  shillings  and  pence  stated  in  decimals, 
by  400  plus  the  premium  in  fourths,  and  divide  the  product  by  90. 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  LAND  MEASURE. 

A  township — 36  sections  each  a  mile  square. 
A  section — 640  acres. 

A  quarter  section,  half  a  mile  square — 160  acres. 
An  eighth  section,  half  a  mile  long,  north  and  south,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  wide — 80  acres. 

A  sixteenth  section,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  square — 40  acres. 


jVnSCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION.  211 

The  sections  are  all  numbered  1  to  36,  commencing  at  the  north-east 
corner. 

The  sections  are  divided  into  quarters,  which  are  named  by  the 
cardinal  points.  The  quarters  are  divided  in  the  same  way.  The  de- 
scription of  a  forty  acre  lot  would  read :  The  south  half  of  the  west  half  of 
the  south-west  quarter  of  section  1  in  township  24,  north  of  range  7  west, 
or  as  the  case  might  be ;  and  sometimes  will  fall  short  and  sometimes 
overrun  the  number  of  acres  it  is  supposed  to  contain. 

The  nautical  mile  is  795  4-5  feet  lonsrer  than  the  common  mile. 


o 


SURVEYORS'  MEASURE. 

7  92-100  inches make  1  link. 

25  links '^     1  rod. 

4rods '*     1  chain. 

80  chains '•     1  mile. 

Note. — A  chain  is  100  links,  equal  to  4  rods  or  66  feet. 

Shoemakers  formerly  used  a  subdivision  of  the  inch  called  a  barley- 
corn ;  three  of  which  made  an  inch. 

Horses  are  measured  directly  over  the  fore  feet,  and  the  standard  of 
measure  is  four  inches — called  a  hand. 

In  Biblical  and  other  old  measurements,  the  term  span  is  sometimes 
used,  which  is  a  length  of  nine  inches. 

The  sacred  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  24.024  inches  in  length. 

The  common  cubit  of  the  Jews  was  21.704  inches  in  length. 

A  pace  is  equal  to  a  yard  or  36  inches. 

A  fathom  is  equal  to  6  feet. 

A  league  is  three  miles,  but  its  length  is  variable,  for  it  is  strictly 
speaking  a  nautical  term,  and  should  be  three  geographical  miles,  equal 
to  3.45  statute  miles,  but  when  used  on  land,  three  statute  miles  are  said 
to  be  a  league. 

In  cloth  measure  an  aune  is  equal  to  li  yards,  or  45  inches. 

An  Amsterdam  ell  is  equal  to  26.796  inches. 

A  Trieste  ell  is  equal  to  25.284  inches. 

A  Brabant  ell  is  equal  to  27.116  inches. 

HOW  TO  KEEP  ACCOUNTS. 

Every  farmer  and  mechanic,  whether  he  does  much  or  little  business, 
should  keep  a  record  of  his  transactions  in  a  clear  and  systematic  man- 
ner. For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  not  had  the  opportunitj'  of  ac- 
quiring a  primary  knowledge  of  the  principles  of  book-keeping,  we  here 
present  a  simple  form  of  keeping  accounts  which  is  easily  comprehended, 
and  well  adapted  to  record  the  business  transactions  of  farmers,  mechanics 
and  laborers. 


212 


MISCELLA]SIEOUS    INFORMATION. 


1875. 


A.  H.  .TACKSON. 


Dr 


Cr. 


Jan. 
Feb. 

March 

it 


April 

May 

(( 

July 


10 
17 
4 
4 
8 
8 
13 

O'V 

'ii 

9 

9 

6 

24 


To  7  bushels  Wheat at  81.25 

By  shoeing  span  of  Horses 

To  14  bushels  Oats at  $  .45 

To  5  lbs.  Butter at      .25 

By  new   Harrow .- 

By  sharpening  2  Plows 

By  new  Double-Tree 

To  Cow  and  Calf. 

To  half  ton  of  Hay 

By  Cash - 

By  repairing  Corn-Planter 

To  one  Sow  with  Pigs 

By  Cash,  to  balance  account 


88 

75 

12 

G 

30 

1 

25 

18 
2 

48 

00 

6 

25 

25 

4 

17 

50 

35 

$88 

$88 

05 

50 


00 
40 
25 


00 
75 

15 

05 


1875. 


CASS  A    MASON, 


Dr. 


Cr 


ATflrch 

21 

21 

23 

1 

1 

19 

26 

10 

29 

12 

12 

1 

Bv  3  davs'  labor   . .... 

.    -         at  $1.25 

$6 
8 

10 

2 
2 

20 
18 

00 
10 

00 

75 
70 

00 
20 

S3 

25 

12 

IS 
9 

$67 

75 

a 
t( 

May 

To  2  Shoats 

To  18  bushels  Corn. 

By  1  month's  Labor.        

at    .3.00 

at      .45 

00 

To   Cash                 

June 

Bv  8  davs'  Mowins: 

at  $1.50 

00 

ii 

To  50  lbs.  Flour 

July 
Aug. 

To  27  lbs.  Meat                  

at  $  .10 

By  9  days'  Harvesting 

By  6  days'  Labor . . .  - 

To   Cash   . .    . '. - 

at    2.00 

at    1.50 

00 
00 

Sept. 

To  Cash  to  balance  account 

' 

$67 

75 

75 

INTEPtEST  TABLE. 


A  Simple  Rule  for 


AccPRATKLr  Computing    Interest   at 
Length  of  Time. 


Any  Given  Per  Cent,  for  Any 


Multiplytlie  jjridcipa!  (amount  of  money  at  interest)  by  the  time  reduced  to  days;  then  divide  this  product 
by  the  gitofif (It  ol)tainpd  by  dividing  360 'the  number  of  days  in  the  interest  year)  by  the  per  cf (it.  of  interest, 
andt/ic  qxiotient  thus  obtained  will  Ije  the  required  interest. 

illustration.  Solution. 

RequiretheinterestofS463.50  for  one  month  and  eighteen  days  at  6  per  cent.    An  S462.50 

interest  month  is  30  days;  one  month  and  eighteen  days  equal  48  days.    S4b2.50  multi-  .48 

plied  bv  .48  gives  S222  0000;  360  divided  by  6  (the  per  cent,  of  interest;  gives  60,  and  • 

$22-2.0600  divided  by  60  will  give  you  the  exaf't  interest,  which  is  33.70.    If  the  rate  of  370000 

interest  in  the  above  e.xample  were  13  per  cent.,  we  would  divide  the  S222.0000  by  30  6)360  \     18.5000 

(because  360  divided  by  12  gives  30);  if  4  per  cent.,  we  would  divide  by  90;  if  8  per 

...         .....  ■  _ .  „^y 


cent.,  by  45:  and  in  like  manner  for  any  otber  per  cent. 


60  > 


$222.0000(53.70 
180 

420 
420 

"oo 


MISCELLANEOUS  TABLE. 


12  units,  or  things,  1  Dozen. 
12  dozen,  1  Gross. 
20  things,  1  Score. 


196  pounds,  1  Barrel  of  Flour. 

200  pounds,  1  Barrel  of  Pork. 

56  pounds,  1  Firkin  of  Butter. 


24  sheets  of  paper.  1  Quire. 

20  quires  paper  1  Ream. 

4  ft.  wide,  4  ft.  high,  and  8  ft.  long,   1  Cord  Wood. 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION.  213 

NAMES  OF  THE  STATES  OF  THE  UNION,  AND  THEIR  SIGNIFICATIONS. 

Virginia. — The  oldest  of  the  States,  was  so  called  in  lionor  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  the  "Virgin  Queen,"  in  whose  reign  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  made 
his  first  attempt  to  colonize  that  region. 

Florida. — Ponce  de  Leon  landed  on  the  coast  of  Florida  on  Easter 
Sunday,  and  called  the  country  in  commemoration  of  the  day,  which  was 
the  Pasqua  Florida  of  the  Spaniards,  or  "•  Feast  of  Flowers." 

Louisiana  was  called  after  Louis  the  Fourteenth,  who  at  one  time 
owned  that  section  of  the  country. 

Alalama  was  so  named  by  the  Indians,  and  signifies  "  Here  we  Rest." 

Mississippi  is  likewise  an  Indian  name,  meaning  "  Long  River." 

Arkansas^  from  Kansas,  the  Indian  word  for  "  smoky  water."  Its 
prefix  was  really  arc,  the  French  word  for  "  bow." 

The  Carolinas  were  originally  one  tract,  and  were  called  "Carolana," 
after  Charles  the  Ninth  of  France. 

Georgia  owes  its  name  to  George  the  Second  of  Engla^ad,  who  first 
established  a  colony  there  in  1732. 

Tennessee  is  the  Indian  name  for  the  "  River  of  the  Bend,"  i.  e.,  the 
Mississippi  which  forms  its  western  boundary. 

Kentucky  is  the  Indian  name  for  "  at  the  head  of  the  river." 
Ohio  means  "  beautiful ;  "  loiva,  "  drowsy  ones  ;  "  Minnesota.,  "  cloudy 
water,"  and  Wisconsin.,  "  wild-rushing  channel." 

Illinois  is  derived  from  the  Indian  word  illini,  men,  and  the  French 
suffix  ois,  together  signifying  "tribe  of  men." 

Michigan  was  called  by  the  name  given  the  lake,  fish-weir,  which  was 
so  styled  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  a  fish  trap. 

Missouri  is  from  the  Indian  word  "  muddy,"  which  more  properly 
applies  to  the  river  that  flows  through  it. 

Oregon  owes  its  Indian  name  also  to  its  principal  river. 

Cortes  named  California. 

Massachusetts  is,  the  Indian  for  "  The  country  around  the  great  hills." 

Connecticut,  from  the  Indian  Quon-ch-ta-Cut,  signifying  "  Long 
River." 

Maryland,  after  Henrietta  Maria,  Queen  of  Charles  the  First,  of 
England. 

New  York  was  named  by  the  Duke  of  York. 

Pennsylvania  means  "  Penn's  woods,"  and  was  so  called  after  William 
Penn,  its  orignal  owner. 


214 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION. 


Delaware  after  Lord  De  La  Ware. 

New  Jersey,  so  called  in  honor  of  Sir  George  Carteret,  who  was 
Governor  of  the  Island  of  Jersey,  in  the  British  Channel. 

Maine  was  called  after  the  province  of  Maine  in  France,  in  compli- 
ment of  Queen  Henrietta  of  England,  who  owned  that  province. 

Vermont,  from  the  French  word  Vert  Mont,  signifying  Green 
Mountain. 

New  Hampshire,  from  Hampshire  county  in  England.  It  was 
formerly  called  Laconia. 

The  little  State  of  Rhode  Island  owes  its  name  to  the  Island  of 
Rhodes  in  the  Mediterranean,  which  domain  it  is  said  to  greatly 
resemble. 

Texas  is  the  American  word  for  the  Mexican  name  by  which  all  that 
section  of  the  country  was  called  before  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States. 


POPULATION  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES. 


STATES    AND    TEHRITORIES. 


Alal)aina 

Arkansas 

Calif  uriiia 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraslia 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina .. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Total  States., 


Arizona 

Colorada 

Dakota 

District  of  Columbia. 

Idaho   

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

WaeMington  

Wyoming 


Total 
Population. 


Total  Territories,. 


Total  United  States 38.555,983 


996. 

484. 

5t>(), 

537. 

Vio. 

187, 
1.184 
2,539 
1,680 
1,191, 

364, 
1,321, 

726. 

626 

780. 
1,457 
1,184 

439, 

827. 
1,721 

122 
42 

318 

906. 
4,382. 
1,071, 
2,665. 
90, 
3,521, 

217, 

705, 
1,258, 

818. 

330, 
1,225. 

442. 
1,054 


992 
471 
247 
454 
015 
748 
109 
891 
637 
792 
399 
Oil 
915 
915 
894 
351 
059 
06 
922 
295 
993 
491 
300 
096 
759 
361 
260 
923 
791 
353 
606 
520 
579 
551 
163 
014 
670 


38.113,253 


9,658 
39,864 
14,181 
131.700 
14,999 
20,595 
91,874 
86,786 
23,955 
9,118 

442,730 


POPULATION  OF  FIFTY 
PRINCIPAL  CITIES. 


Cities. 


New  York.  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Chicago,  111 

JSaltimore,  Md 

ISoston,  Mass 

Ciiicinnati,   Ohio 

New  Orleans,  La.  ... 
San  Fninclsco,  cal. . . 

Buffalo,   N.  Y 

AVashlngton,  D.  C... 

Newark,  N.  J 

Louisville,  Ky 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Pittsburg,  Pa 

Jersey  City,  N.  J  

Detroit,  Mich 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Providence,  R.  I 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

Allegheny,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va 

New  Haven,  Conn... 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Troy,  N.  Y 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Worcester,  Mass 

Lowell.  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Hartford,  Conn 

Scranton,  Pa 

Reading,  Pa 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Mobile,  Ala 

Toledo.  Ohio 

Portland,  Me 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Wilmington,  Del 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Lawrence,  Mass 

Utica,  N.  Y 

(Jharlestown,  Mass. 

Savannah,  Ga 

Lvnn.  Mass 

Fall  River,  Mass 


Aggregate 
Population. 


942, 

674, 

396, 

310, 

298, 

267 

250, 

216, 

191, 

149. 

117, 

109, 

105, 

100, 

92, 

86 

82 

79, 

71 

69, 

68. 

62. 

53. 

51. 

50 

48 

48, 

46, 

43, 

41, 

40. 

40 

39. 

37 

35 

33. 

33 

32 

32 

31 

31 

31 

30 

30 

28 

28 

28. 

2a 

28, 

26 


292 
022 
099 
864 
977 
354 
526 
239 
418 
473 
714 
199 
059 
753 
829 
076 
546 
577 
440 
422 
904 
386 
180 
038 
840 
956 
244 
465 
051 
105 
928 
226 
634 
180 
092 
930 
.579 
,260 
,034 
.584 
,413 
,274 
841 
473 
.921 
804 
,323 
235 
233 
766 


&USCELLANEOUS    INFORMATION. 


21^ 


POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


States  and 
Territories. 


States. 

Alabama 

Arkansas..  

California 

Connerticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts... 

Michigan* 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 


.\rea  in 
sfiuare 
Miles. 


50, 
53, 

188, 

4. 

2, 

59, 

58, 

55, 

33, 

55, 

81, 

37, 

41, 

31, 

11, 

7, 

56, 

83, 

47, 

65, 

75, 

112, 

9, 

8, 

47, 

50, 

39, 

95, 


722 

198 
981 
674 
120 
268 
000 
410 
809 
045 
318 
600 
346 
776 
184 
800 
451 
531 
.156 
350 
995 
090 
280 
320 
000 
704 
964 
244 


POPI'LATTOX, 


1870. 


996,992 
484,471 
560,247 
537.454 
125,015 
187.748 
184,109 
539,891 
680,637 
191.792 
364,399 
321,011 
726.915 
626.915 
780.894 
,457,351 
,184,059 
439.706 
827.922 
,721.295 
123.993 

42,491 
318,300 
906,096 
,382,759 
,071,361 
,665,360 

90,923 


1875. 


1,3.50.  .544 
528,349 


857,039 


1.651,912 

1,334.031 

598,429 


246,280 
52,540 


1.036.  .502 
4,705.208 


Miles 
R.  R. 
1872. 


1,671 

25 

1,013 

820 

227 

466 

2.108 

5,904 

3.529 

3.160 

1,760 

1,123 

539 

871 

820 

1.606 

2.235 

1,612 

990 

2,580 

828 

593 

790 

1.265 

4.470 

1.190 

3,740 

lo9 


Last  Census  of  Michigan  taken  in  1874. 


State.s  aud 
Territories. 


States. 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total  States 

Territories. 

Arizona 

Colorado 

Dakota 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Idaho 

Montana 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Washington 

Wyoming 

Total  Territories. 


Area  in 
square 
Miles. 


46,000 
1,306 
29.385 
45,600 
237,504 
10.212 
40.904 
33,000 
53,934 


1,950,171 


113,916 

104.500 

147,490 

60 

90.932 

143,776 

121.201 

80.056 

69,944 

93.107 


965,032 


Population. 


1870. 


3,531,791 
217,353 
70.').  606 

1,258,520 
818.579 
.330,551 

1,225,163 
442,014 

1,054,670 


38,113,253 


9,658 
39,864 
14.181 
131,700 
14,999 
20,595 
91.874 
86,786 
23,955 

9,118 


442,730 


1875. 


5,113 

258,239 
925,145 

136 
1,301 
1,520 

865 

675 

1,490 

485 

1,236.729 

1.725 

59,587 

392 

« 

375 

498 

1,265 

Miles 
R.  R. 

1872. 


Aggregate  of  U.  S..  2,915,203  38,555,983  60.852 

•  Included  in  the  Railroad  Mileage  of  Maryland. 


PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  OF  THE  WORLD 

I'OPULATION   AND   AeEA. 


Countries. 


Population. 


China 

British  Empire 

Russia 

United  States  with  Alaska. 

France 

Austria  and  Hungary 

Japan 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 

German  Empire 

Italy  

Spain 

Brazil 

Turkey 

Mexico 

Sweden  and  Norway 

Persia 

Belgium 

Bavaria 

Portugal 

Holland 

New  Grenada 

Chili 

Switzerland 

Peru 

Bolivia 

Argentine  Republic 

Wurtemburg 

Denmark 

Venezuela 

Baden 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Ecuador 

Paraguay 

Hesse 

Liberia 

San  Salvador 

Hayti 

Nicaragua 

Uruguay 

Honduras 

San  Domingo 

Costa  Rica 

Hawaii 


446,500,000 

236,817,108 

81.925,400 

38,925,600 

36,469,800 

35.904,400 

34.785.300 

31.817,100 

29,906,092 

27,439,921 

16,642,1)00 

10.000.000 

16,463.000 

9,173.000 

5,921,500 

5.000.000 

5.021,300 

4,861,400 

3,995,200 

3,688.300 

3.0O0.000 

2,000,000 

3,669.100 

3,500,000 

2,000,000 

1,812.000 

1,818.500 

1.784.700 

1,500,000 

1,461,400 

1,457,900 

1,180,000 

1,300,000 

1,000.000 

823,138 

718,000 

600,000 

572.000 

350.000 

300.000 

350,000 

136.000 

165.000 

62.9.50 


Date  of 

Census. 


1871 
1871 
1871 
1870 
1866 
1869 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1867 


1869 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1871 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1869 
1870 
1871 

'1869 
1871 
1870 

'isii 

1870 
1871 

'1871 

■1871 
1871 

'isii 

1871 
1871 

isio 


Area  in 
Square 
Miles. 


3,741.846 

4.677.432 

8.00.3.778 

2,603,884 

204.091 

240,348 

149,399 

121,315 

160,207 

118,847 

195,775 

3,253,029 

672,621 

761.526 

292.871 

635.964 

11,373 

39,393 

34,494 

12,680 

357,157 

132,616 

15,992 

471,838 

497,321 

871,848 

7,533 

14,753 

368,238 

5,912 

19,353 

40,879 

218,928 

63,787 

2,969 

9,576 

7,335 

10,205 

58,171 

66,722 

47.092 

17.827 

21.505 

7.633 


Inhabitants 

to  Square 

Mile. 


119.3 

48.6 

10.2 

7.78 

178.7 

149.4 

232.8 

262.3 

187. 

230.9 

85. 

3.07 
24.4 


20. 
7.8 
441.5 
165.9 
115.8 
290.9 
8.4 
15.1 
166.9 
5.3 
4. 
2.1 
241.4 
120.9 
4.2 
247. 
75.3 
28,9 
5.9 
15.6 
277. 
74.9 
81.8 
56. 
6. 
6.5 
7.4 
7.6 
7.7 
80. 


Capitals. 


Pekin 

London 

St.  Petersburg. , 

Washington 

Paris 

Vienna 

Yeddo 

London 

Berlin , 

Rome 

Madrid 

Rio  Janeiro 

Constantinople 

Mexico 

Stockholm 

Teheran , 

Brussels 

Munich 

Lisbon 

Hague 

Bogota 

Santiago 

Berne 

Lima 

Chuquisaca 

Buenos  Ayres.. 

.Stuttgart 

Copenhagen 

Caraccas 

Carlsruhe 

Athens 

Guatemala 

Quito 

Asuncion 

Darmstadt 

Monrovia 

Sal  Salvador... 
Port  au  Prince 

Managua 

Monte  Video... 

Comayagua 

San  Domingo... 

San  Jose 

Honolulu 


Population. 


1,648,800 

3,251,800 

667,000 

109,199 

1,825,300 

833.900 

1.554.900 

3,251,800 

82.5,400 

244,484 

332.000 

420.000 

1,075,000 

210.300 

136,900 

120.000 

314.100 

169.500 

224.063 

90,100 

45.000 

115.400 

36,000 

160,100 

25,000 

177.800 

91.600 

162,042 

47.000 

36,600 

43,400 

40,000 

70,000 

48,000 

30.000 

3.000 

15.000 

20.000 

10.000 

44.500 

12.000 

20,000 

2.000 

7,633 


216 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION 


POPUIATION    OF   ILLINOIS, 
By  Counties. 


COUNTIES. 


Adams 

Alexander. . 

Bond 

Boone 

Brown 

Bureau  

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Champaign . 
Christian  . . 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook 


Crawford 

Cumberland . 

De  Kalb 

De  Witt 

Douglas 

Du  Page 

Edgar 

Edwards 

Effingham 

Fayette 

Ford  .  - 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henderson .. 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess.. 

Johnson  

Kane 

Kankakee. .. 

Kendall 

Knox 

Lake 

La  Salle 

Lawrence 

Lee 

Livingston  . 
Logan  


AGGREGATE. 


1870. 


56362 
10564 
I3152 
12942 
12205 

32415 

6562 

16705 

II580 

32737 
20363 
18719 

15875 
16285 

25235 
349966 

138S9 
12223 
23265 
14768 

13484 
16685 
21450 

7565 
15653 
19638 

9103 
12652 
38291 

III34 
20277 

14938 
13014 

35935 
5113 

12582 
35506 
25782 

19634 
1 1234 

17864 

15054 
27820 
11248 
39091 

24352 
12399 
39522 
21014 
60792 

12533 
27171 

31471 
23053 


1860. 


41323 
4707 
9815 

I1678 

9938 
26426 

5144 
II733 
II325 
14629 
10492 
14987 

9336 

1 094 1 

14203 

144954 

II55I 

831I 
19086 
10820 

7140 
I4701 
16925 

5454 
7816 

1 1 189 
1979 
9393 

33338 
8055 

16093 

10379 

9915 

29061 

3759 

9501 

20660 

12325 

9589 
8364 
12965 
12051 
27325 
9342 
30062 
15412 

13074 
28663 
18257 
48332 
9214 
17651 
11637 
14272 


1850. 


1840. 


26508 
2484 
6144 
7624 
7198 
8841 

3231 
4586 

■  7253 
2649 
3203 
9532 
4289 

5139 

9335 

43385 

7135 
3718 
7540 
5002 


9290 
10692 
3524 
3799 
8075 


5681 

22508 

5448 

12429 

3023 

6362 

14652 

2887 

4612 

3807 

4149 

5862 

3220 

8109 

7354 
18604 

4114 
16703 


7730 

13279 
14226 

17815 
6121 
5292 

1553 
5128 


14476 

3313 
5060 

1705 
4183 
3067 
1741 
1023 
2981 

1475 
1878 

7453 
3228 

3718 

9616 

10201 

4422 


1697 
3247 


3535 
8225 
3070 

1675 
6328 


1830. 


1820. 


3682 
13142 
10760 
II951 


3945 
9946 

1378 


1260 

1695 
3566 
1472 
5762 

4535 
6t8o 
3626 
6501 


7060 
2634 
9348 
7092 

2035 

759 

2333 


2186 
1390 
3124 


1090 


3940 

755 
2330 


3"7 


4071 
1649 

2704 

4083 
1841 

7405 
7674 


2616 

483 


41 

1828 

2555 

2111 

1596 


274 
'3668 


626 
2931 


931 


*23 
2999 


3444 

1763 
3155 


1542 
691 

843 


MISCELLANEOUS   INFOKMATION. 


217 


POPULATION  OF   ILLINOIS— Concluded. 


COUNTIES. 


Macon 

Macoupin... 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall  — 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough. 
Mc Henry  ... 

McLean 

Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Moultrie 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike - 

Pope. 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph.. 
Richland  .. 
Rock  Island 

Saline 

Sangamon  ., 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

St.  Clair 

Stephenson. 

Tazewell 

Union 

Vermilion. . 

Wabash 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

White 

Whitesides  . 

Will 

Williamson. 
Winnebago - 
Woodford.. 

Total-. 


A(}ORKQATE. 


1870.    1860.    1850.    1840.    1830.    1820 


26481 
32726 

4413I 
20622 
16950 
16184 
9581 
26509 
23762 
53988 

II735 
18769 

12982 

25314 
2S463 
10385 
27492 
47540 
13723 
10953 
30708 

II437 
8752 
6280 
20859 
12803 
29783 
12714 
46352 
17419 
10530 
25476 
I0751 

51068 
30608 
27903 
16518 
30388 
8841 
23174 
17599 
19758 
16846 

27503 

43013 

17329 
29301 

18956 


253989' 


13738 
24602 
31251 
12739 
13437 
1093 1 
6213 
20069 
22089 
28772 

9584 
15042 

12832 

13979 
22II2 

6385 
2288S 
36601 

9552 
6127 

27249 
6742 

3943 

5587 
17205 

9711 
21005 

9331 
32274 
14684 

9069 
14613 

9004 

37694 
25112 
21470 
11181 
19800 

7313 
18336 

13731 
12223 
12403 

18737 
29321 
12205 
24491 
13282 


1711951 


3988 

12355 

20441 

6720 

5180 

5921 

4092 

7616 

14978 

10163 

6349 
5246 

7679 

6277 

16064 

3234 
10020 

17547 
5278 
1606 

18S19 

3975 
2265 

3924 

1 1079 

4012 

6937 
5588 
19228 
10573 
7914 
7807 
3710 

20180 
1 1666 
12052 

7615 

1 1492 

4690 

8176 

6953 
6825 
8925 
5361 

16703 
7216 

11773 
4415 


851470 


3039 
7926 

14433 
4742 
1849 


5308 
2578 
6565 
4431 
2352 

4481 

4490 

19547 


3479 
6153 
3222 


1172S 
4094 


2131 
7944 


2610 


14716 
6972 
6215 
6659 
1573 

13631 
2800 
7221 
5524 
9303 
4240 

6739 
4810 

5133 
7919 

2514 
10167 

4457 
4609 


476183 


1122 
1990 
6221 
2125 


(^) 


26 

2000 

2953 
12714 


1215 


2396 
3316 


4429 


12960 
<^2959 


2972 


7078 


4716 

3239 
5836 
2710 
308 
1675 
2553 
6091 


1574-15 


13550 


*2I 
I516. 


2610 


3492 


*5 
5248 


2362 


1517 
1114 

4828 


=^49 
55162 


218 


MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION. 


STATE  LAWS 

Relating  to  Rates  of  Interest  and  Penalties  for  Usury. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia  ... 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi ■ 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

Ohio 

Ontario,  Canada 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Quebec,  Canada 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington  Territory 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Legal  1  Rate  al- 
Rate  of  lowed  by 
Interest.    Contract. 


per  cent 

8 
lo 

6 
lo 

lO 

7 
7 
6 
6 
8 
7 

lO 

6 
6 
6 
8 
6 

5 
6 

6 
6 
7 
7 
6 
6 

lO 
lO 
lO 

6 

7 
6 

7 
6 
6 
6 

lO 

6 
6 
6 

7 
6 

8 

lO 

6 
6 

lO 

6 
7 

12 


Penalties  for  Usury. 


per  cent. 

8 
Any  rate 

lO 

Any  rate. 
Any  rate 
7 

12 

6 

lO 

Any  rate 

12 

24 
lo 

lO 
lO 
12 

8 

8 
Any  rate. 

6 

Any  rate. 

lo 

12 

lo 
lo 

Any  rate. 

12 

Any  rate. 
6 

7 
Any  rate. 

7 
8 
8 
Any  rate, 

12 

Any  rate. 
Any  rate, 
Any  rate. 
Any  rate. 

lO 
12 

Any  rate 
6 
6* 

Any  rate 
6* 
lo 

Any  rate 


Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  principal  and  interest. 


Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  principal. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Fine  and  imprisonment. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  ex.  of  in.  above  12  pei  cent. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  ex.  of  in.  above  7  per  cent. 
No  Usury  Law  in  this  State. 
Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  thrice  the  excess  and  costs. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  contract. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  excess  above  6  per  cent. 


Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 

Forfeiture  of  excess  of  interest. 
Forfeiture  of  entire  interest. 


*  Except  in  cases  defined  by  statutes  of  the  State. 


MISCELLANEOUS    INFORMATION. 


219 


STATE   LAWS 

Relating  to  Limitations  of  Actions  :  Showing  Limit  of  Time  in  which 
Action  may  be  Brought  on  the  following  : 


States  and  Tbrbitories. 


Alabama 

Arkansas  — 
California,... 

Colorado 

Connecticut. 
Dakota 


Delaware 

District  ot  Columbia  , 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 


Kentucky. 
Louisiana. 
Maine 


Maryland 

Massachusetts . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 


New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina... 
Ohio 


Ontario  (U.  Canada). 
Oregon. 


Pennsylvania 

Quebec  (L.  Canada). 

Rhode   Island 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 


Assault 

slander, 

&c. 


virgmia 

Washington  Territory. 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyommg 


Years. 
I 
I 
I 
I 

3 

2 
I 
I 
2 
I 
2 


I 
I 

2 
I 
2 
2 
2 
I 
2 
2 
I 
2 
2 
2 
I 
2 

3 
I 

2 
2 
I 
I 
I 
2 
I 
I 
I 
2 
I 
2 
I 
2 
I 


Open 
Accts. 


Years. 

3 
3 

2 

6 
6 
6 
3 

4 
4 

2 

5 
6 

5 

3 

2 

3 
6 

-> 

o 
6 

6 

6 

3 

5 
5 
4 

2 

6 
6 
6 
6 

3 
6 
6 
6 
6 

5 
6 

6 

6 


6 

5 

3 

5 
6 

6 


Notes. 


Years. 

6 
5 

4 
6 
6 
6 
6 

3 

5 
6 

4 

lO 

20 
lO 

5 
5 

20 

3 

20 

6 

6 

6 

lo 

lO 

5 
4 
6 
6 
lo 
6 

3 
15 

6 
6 
6 

5 
6 

6 
6 

4 
4 
4 

5 

6 

10 

6 

15 


Judg- 
ments. 


Sealed  and 
witnessed 
Instru- 
ments. 


Years. 
20 
10 

5 

3 

20 

20 
20 
12 
20 
7 

5 

20 
2o 
20 

5 

15 
10 
20 
12 
20 

6 
10 

7 

20 
10 

5 

5 
20 

20 

ic^ 

20 

10 

15 
20 
10 
20 

30 
20 
20 
10 
10 

5 

8 

10 

6 

10 

20 

15 


Years. 
10 
10 

5 

3 
17 
20 
20 
12 
20 
20 

5 
10 

20 

10 

15 
15 
20 
20 
12 
20 
10 
6 

7 

10 
10 
10 

4 
20 
16 
10 
20 
10 

15 
20 
20 
20 

30 

20 

20 

6 

S 
7 

8 
20 

6 
10 
20 

15 


PRODUCTIONS  OF  AGRICULTURE,  STATE  OF  ILLINOIS,  BY  C0UNT1ES.-I870. 


JOUNTIES. 


Total  .. 


ImiJioveil 

Land.       WootU'iid 


Number. 
19. 329. 952 


OClieruii- 
inproved 


Nuinliei.   X 
.5,061. 5?S    1 


umber. 
.491.331 


Spring 
Wheat. 


Jiusliel.s. 

io.i33.2n'; 


Winter 
Wlieat. 


IJiisliels.     lUisnels 
19  99.5.198  2  45K.5r8 


Rye. 


Induiu 
Corn. 


Oats. 


Adaius 

Alexander 

Bond 

Boone , 

Brown 

Bureau 

Oallioun   

Carroll 

Cass 

Champaign... 

Christian 

Clark  

Clay 

Clinton 

Coles 

Cook  

Crawford 

Cumuerlaud. 

Delvalb 

DeWitt 

Douglas 

BuPage 

Kdgar 

Edwards 

Effingham — 

Fayette 

Ford 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Gallatin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henderson.  . 

Henry   

Iroquois.  .   .. 

Jackson   

Jasper      ..   .. 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

JoDaviess     .. 
■Johnson    .  .. 

Kane 

Kankakee.... 

Kendall 

Knox .. 

Lake 

LaSalle 

Lawrence . . . 

Lee 

Livingston... 

Logan 

Macon 

Macoupin 

Madison 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough.. 

McHenry 

McLean  

Menard 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

Morgan 

Moultrie 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pope 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Richland 

Rock  Island. . 

Saline 

Sangamon 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark..  

St.  Clair 

Stephenson.. 

Tazewell 

Union 

Vermilion 

Wabash 

AVarren 

Washington. 

Wayne  

White.. 

Whitosides... 

AVill 

Williamson.. 
AVinnebago... 
V/oodford..., 


287.92(3 

13.83t) 
145,045 
137,307 

57,062 
398,611 

37,684 
186,864 

92.902 
419,368 
241.472 
118,594 
146,922 
150,177 
208,337 
348,824 
105,505 

75,342 
334,502 
168,539 
147,63a 
364,874 

58.91 
120,343 
187,196 
141,228 

80,749 
228,132 

49,572 
175,408 
193,999 

88.996 
311.517 

2S.11T 
140,954 
26.5,904 
322.510 

78,548 

90,867 
118,951 

94,147 
156.51'. 

57,820 
240,120 
312,18:i 
164.004 
330,829 
207,77if 
533,724 

87,8:^8 
322,212 
377,505 
321,709 
205,259 
231.059 
257,032 
173,081 
166,057 
209,453 

25,151 
261,635 
230.566 
494,978 
134.173 
222.809 

92,810 
276,682 
293,450 
144,220 
316,883 
170.729 

93,754 

94,454 
233.785 

55.980 

19,319 

37,271 
140,764 

75,079 
155,214 

72,309 
421,748 

96,195 

85,331 
310,179 
138,129 
231,117 
254,857 
229,126 

75,832 
360,251 

54,063 
266,18 

177.592 

147.3.52 

92,398 
289.809 
419.442 

128.448 
241,373 
22.5,504 


112,576 
17,761 
42,613 
29,886 
35,491 
41,866 
63,443 
29,793 
33,493 
16,789 
19,803 
102,201 
80,612 
48.868 
45,214 
19,635 
78,350 
40,334 
17,722 
29,548 
11,897 
17,243 
66,803 
57,585 
56.330 
93,460 
2,996 
3,994 
123,823 
68,750 
93,242 
6,256 
93,878 
43.385 
44.771 
34,705 
12,620 
22.478 
87,642 
67,023 
94.888 
51,427 
82,07t 
3 
34,646 
10,978 
14,244 
41,566 
21,072 
48,lli 
72,738 
12.071 
12.46-.i 
17,394 
18,153 
81,224 
89,450 
61,579 
28,261' 
31,739 
3.3.391 
52,54. 
53,290 
40,36t 
34,931 
45,97'; 
83,369 
47,804 
60,217 
24,783 
43,643 
48,666 
68,470 
5,978 
128,953 
87,754 
12,51b 
17,184 
162.274 
50,618 
31,239 
70,393 
51,085 
62,477 
44,633; 
74,908; 
12,375 
76,591' 
43.167i 
45.268i 
83,606 
53,078 
37,558 
27  294 
55.852 
146,794 
78.167 
21.823 
24,261 
116,949 
37,238 
25,21' 


19,370 

■"i',91.5 

2,658 

25.608 

15,803 

2,754 

33,302 

6,604 

58,502 

19,173 

5,420 

5,225 

8,722 

3,274 

17,337 

27,185 

5,604 

6,551 

17,633' 

7,316; 

3,851 

14,282! 

830 

26,206 

16,786 

63.976 

86,710 

4,076 

2.565 

29.653 

4,505 

3,343 

18.480 

107 

14,243 

31,459 

63.498 

5.991 

12,250 

778 

1,363 

45,779 

79,141 

399 

10,598 

2,283 

2.5,155 

24.399 

2.356 

3,273 

7,409 

41,78b 

408 

9,115 

7,343 

13,67o 

4.142 

2,976 

31.013 

311 

14,035 

57,998 

49,087 

13,9.52 

22,588 

666 

8,495 

1,376 

1.3,1  r-i 

14,913 

2,516 

220 

13,897 

9,302 


4.174 
1,170 
2  025 

20,755 
809 

19,9.32 

21,294 
1,610 
9,314 
2,783 
2,016 

13,701 

14,846 
5,300 

31,122 
509 

14,583 
1.931 

10,486 
869 

37.310 
6,335 
1,648 

15,237 

23,135 


16,1911 

■■■■"too 

241,042 
13,276 

465,236 
75 

418,073 
12.165 

102  577 
18,360 


1,894 

500 

2,651 

144,296 

60 

550 

398,059 

106,493 

7,683 

106,096 

13  283 

77 

"'42,571 

365 

193,669 


21,700 

129 

181,378 

13 

161,112 

462,379 

57,160 

890 


282,758 


188,82h 
10.3,466 
90.681 
267,764 
168,914 
271,181 

■■45(V.79:- 

120,20t 

198,056 

55,239 

160 

550 

■  l66,i^29 
73,261 


273,871 
401,790 
211,801 
36,152 
289,291 


59 

18,196 

17,128 

497,038 

92,361 

■"26,382 
130 


28,137 
450 

■243,54i 

200 

89,304 

56,221 

18 

15,526 

124,630 

2,550 

527,394 

132,417 

"44;  806 

■'l86i290 

266 

"457,455 

195,286 

176 

408,606 

178,139 


947  616 

42,658 

368.625 

599 

11 7.  .502 

724 

221,298 

260 

127.054 

123.091 

504.041 

195 118 

85,737 

6111,888 

154,485 

4,904 

212,924 

84,697 

19(1 

11,695 

65.461 

693 

247,360 

122,703 

195,716 

351,310 

1,008 

111.324 

223.930 

83,093 

577,400 

1511 

92.347 

232,7.5(1 

32.306 

69,062 

445 

10.48(1 

329,036 

87.K08 

100.553 

558,367 

555 

92,191 

325 

480 

1,249 

7,654 

221 

2,193 

264,134 

2,260 

1,339 

40,96;i 

196,613 

861,39b 

1,207,181 

173,65:; 

90(1 

125,628 

72,316 

36,146 

270 

10,95.T 

45.793 

13,2(13 

651,767 

744,891 

357,523 

196,436 

,5,580 

31.843 

350,446 

39.762 

1.057,497 

70,457 

44,922 

79t 

1,031,022 

150,268 

2.27!< 

83.011 

247.65S 

165.724 

266.105 

452,015 

■l,'562'62i 

2,118 

72,410 

180,231 

249,558 

202.201 

5,712 

672,486 

164.689 

184,321 

264 

1.996 
170,787 

2,468 
108,307 


20,989 

30 

6,240 

35,871 

4,742 

43,811 

186 

25,721 

2.772 

45,752 

10,722 

7,308 

3,221 

1,619 

8,825 

20,171 

15,497 

14,798 

21,018 

11  540 

9,017 

7,532 

37,508 

528 

19,759 

25.328 

11,577 

5,195 

131,711 

512 

415 

4,931 

11.672 

133,533 

86.^ 

96,43t 

35,76( 

23,25i- 

52-i 

9,16.' 

5,93h 

■■"7.'i85 

2,46^ 

2.3,618 

12,93.T 

5.16: 

113.547 

5.871 

48,-iiOI- 

1,121 

14,82fc 

26,16 

37.232 

29,22:-. 

2.404 

3.68.'^; 

1-4,517 

36.135 

49,18:^ 

54") 

52.401 

29,26" 

:i9.824 

4.28 

40.77*- 

1.42t 

3,29f 

5, 53.' 

6.670 

157,504 

99.50i 

1,0U 

9.24S 

2.5,303 

2.30t 

.^.). 

7.707 
3,23J 
:i.401 

20,00:: 
56)- 

23,07:- 

20,841 
930 

23,686 

:10.534 

1,008 

135,362 

59,027 
1,737 

52,476 

■"7r2;212 

2,576 

8,665 

418 

31.658 

8,030 

6,228 

137.985 

20,426 


Hushels.   Bushels. 
129.921.395  42.780.851 
759,074 

21,627 
461,097 
579,127 

70,852 
987,426 

26.234 
775,10c 
168,784 
721,375 
38:i,821 
212.628 
269.945 
446.324 
315.954 
1,584,225 
136,255 
171,880 
1,087,074 
216,756 
225,074 
860,809 
290,679 
129,152 
386,073 
497,395 
154.589 
222,426 
261,390 

27,164 

64,029 
269.332 
203,464 
579.599 

26,991 
229,286 
668,367 
430,746 
149,931 
149,214 
28.5,949 

71.770 
874,016 

74,525 
785.608 
772.408 
468,890 
787,952 
699,069 
1, .509,642 
131,386 
90:3,197 
659,300 
490,226 
454,648 
459,417 
475,2.52 
389,446 
362,604 
272,660 

22,097 
280,717 
910.397 
911,127 
2:i5,091 
452,889 
152,251 
668,424 
198,724 
26:j.992 
141,540 
334,892 
338,760 
i:iO,610 
161,419 

67,886 
16,511 

86,519 
414,487 
204,634 
276,575 

69,793 
397,718 
119.35S 
13.462 
637,812 
316,726 
476.851 
960.620 
505,841 

124,473 
436.051 

110,793 
601.054 

533.398 
404,482 

119.653 

880.8:38 
1,868.682 

180.986 

868.903 

744,581 


1,4.52,905 
244,220 
1,064,052 
466,985 
337.769 
3,030.404 
234.041 
1.367  965 
l,14r).980 
:3, 924, 720 
1,883,336 
614,582 
1,019,994 
813.257 
2,13:3,111 
570,427 
581.964 
403.075 
1,02:3,849 
1,311,635 
1,680,225 
331,981 
2,107.615 
352,371 
620,247 
962,525 
56,5,671 
65:3,209 
1,508,763 
509,491 
1,051,313 
295,971 
735,25-J 
1,510.401 
172.651 
1,712.901 
2.541,683 
799,811 
611,951 
461,34.= 
887,981 
519,121 
1,286,321 
34:3,29t- 
674,33:: 
637,395 
681,267 
2.708,319 
517,353 
;3,077,02!- 
656,36:: 
l,656,97^ 
l,182,69t 
4,221, 64( 
2,214,468 
1,051, 54-^ 
2.127,.549 
1.034,05' 
1,182,90:; 
2,648,721 
13:3,126 
1,362,49(1 
1,14.5,005 
3.72:3.379 
1.97:3.88( 
2,054,962 
54:3,718 
1, .527.898 
:3,198,835 
1,75:3.141 
1,787,066 
969,224 
384,446 
1,029.725 
1,399,188 
315,95!- 
195.735 
334,259 
510.081 
482. 59-) 
1.459,65:: 
531, 5U 
4,388,76:^, 
440,975 
'  7.52.771 
2,082.578 
1,149  878 
1,423  121 
1.615,679 
2,062,053 
679.753 
2,818.027 
421,361 
2,982,853 
836.115 
1,179.291 
870.521 
2,162,943 
1,131,458 
655,710 
1,237,406 
2,154,185 


-^^4'  /^ 


PONTIAC 


.<^inMNf| 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


A  PERIOD  of  time  which  would  be  considered  remote  in  the  records  of  the 
civilization  of  Central  Illinois,  would  be  regarded  as  recent  in  the  annals  of 
the  Eastern  or  Southern  States ;  and  in  the  history  of  a  county  which,  less  than 
fifty  years  ago,  was  inhabited  only  by  the  aborigines,  it  will  not  be  expected  that 
an  undue  flavor  of  antiquity  will  pervade  the  pages ;  still,  the  pages  of  few 
histories,  either  ancient  or  modern,  furnish  more  instructive  lessons  than  are  to 
b* found  in  the  record  of  the  pluck,  perseverance  and  success  of  the  early  set- 
tlers of  this  county. 

The  facts  pertaining  to  the  early  settlement  of  the  county  have  been  gleaned 
from  the  few  old  pioneers  who  still  survive ;  and  the  writer  desires  especially  to 
acknowledge  his  indebtedness  to  Hon.  Woodford  G.  McDowell,  who  came  to  the 
Territory  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Livingston  County,  forty-six  years  ago, 
for  much  valuable  information,  without  which  it  would  have  been  impossible  to 
record  some  of  the  most  interesting  facts  and  incidents  in  the  history  of  the 
county. 

Of  the  colony  which  settled  in  Avoca  Township,  in  the  year  1832,  Judge 
McDowell,  his  brother;  John  and  James,  and  a  sister,  Mrs.  Joel  Tucker, 
still  survive  and  are  living  in  this  county.  It  is  fortunate  for  the  historian  that 
the  colony  reckoned  the  McDowell  brothers  among  its  numbers ;  for  they  were 
not  only  fully  competent  to  do  so,  but  did  take  a  deep  interest  in  preserving 
the  more  interesting  details  of  the  progress  and  development  of  the  county. 

The  work  of  writing  this  history  has  been  begun  none  too  soon ;  as,  by  far, 
the  greater  number  of  the  early  settlers  have  passed  away  ;  and  age  and  decrep- 
itude are  clouding  the  memories  of  some  who  remain  ;  and,  had  the  work  been 
deferred  for  a  few  years,  a  considerable  portion  of  the  history  would  have  been 
lost. 

This  work  is  not  written  for  the  purpose  of  recording  panegyrics  on  any  ^ 
man  or  set  of  men ;  and,  if  an  individual  receives  prominent  mention,  it  is 
because  his  history  is  interwoven  with  the  history  of  the  county,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  render  it  necessai'y. 

So  far  as  writing  up  the  official  and  political  portion  of  the  work  is  con- 
cerned, care  has  been  taken  to  follow  the  official  records,  so  far  as  there  were 
records  to  follow ;  but,  beyond  that,  the  writer  has  been  forced  to  hunt  his  facts 
wherever  he  could  find  them  throughout  the  countv. 


224 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


SETTLEMENT    AND    POPULATION,    AND    AVHENCE    DERIVED. 

Livingston  County  contains  1,035  square  miles  of  territory,  extending  west 
from  the  north  part  of  Grand  Prairie,  and  having  most  of  the  characteristics  of 
that  district ;  and  it  was  among  the  last  counties  of  the  State  to  attract  immi- 


gration. 


For  many  years  after  the  first  settlers  located,  our  broad  prairies  failed  to 
induce  c^eneral  settlement,  as  immigrants  seemed  to  prefer  the  more  rolling  lands, 
of  the  northern  and  western  counties,  or  the  timbered  regions  farther  south. 
It  was  not  until  the  building  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  passed 
through  many  miles  of  similar  country,  and  brought  its  peculiar  characteristics 
into  favorable  notice,  and  the  construction  of  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Road, 
which  passed  directly  through  the  county,  that  immigrants  generally  began  to 
discover  the  value  of  the  lands  of  this  hitherto  neglected  region. 

Much  of  the  land  donated  by  the  Government  to  the  State,  and,  by  the 
State  transferred  to  the  Central  Railroad  Company,  lay  in  this  county,  and  was 
put  upon  the  market.  This  land  rapidly  found  purchasers  and  occupants ;  and 
the  building  of  these  roads,  together  with  the  construction  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria 
Warsaw  Road,  made  it  possible  for  producers  to  market  their  grain,  and 
greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  the  land ;  and  the  real  settlement  of  the  county 
dates  from  this  era. 

The  historv  of  the  county  naturally  divides  itself  into  three  epochs :  First, 
the  occupation  by  the  Indians,  from  the  discovery  of  the  prairie  country  by  the 
French,  to  the  first  white  settlement,  in  the  Fall  of  1829.  Second,  from  the  first 
settlement  of  the  whites  to  the  building  of  the  railroads,  in  1854.  Third,  from 
that  period  to  the  present  time.  But,  before  the  subject  is  treated  in  this 
order,  a  short  statement  of  the  derivation  of  our  population  will  be  given,  and, 
also,  the  topography  and  geology  of  the  county  will  receive  attention. 

The  earlier  settlers  came,  principally,  from  Indiana  and  Ohio,  with  only  a 
few  from  the  States  further  east  and  south,  while  a  large  portion  of  those 
who,  during  the  third  epoch,  reduced  the  virgin  soil  to  cultivation,  were 
immigrants  from  foreign  lands,  or  from  the  older  and  more  populous  counties  of 
this  State.  These  last  mentioned  Avere  attracted  hither  by  cheaper  lands  and  by  a 
wider  range  of  pasturage.  Nearly  all  of  these  were  men  of  small  pecuniary  means, 
but  possessed  of  courage,  industry  and  thrift,  and  found  themselves  benefited 
by  their  change  of  locality.  The  older  counties  of  La  Salle,  'Bureau,  Peoria, 
Knox,  Fulton,  Tazewell  and  Woodford  have  sent  us  not  a  few  of  their  young 
and  active  men.  Many  of  our  most  esteemed  and  Avorthy  citizens  are  natives 
of  Ireland,  Germany,  Norway  and  Demark.  England  has  contributed  her 
share,  and  many  freedmen  are  settled  in  the  county. 

But  it  is  not  to  immigration  alone,  active  and  constant  as  it  has  been,  that  our 
great  and  rapid  increase  of  population  is  to  be  attributed.  There  are  no  statistics  to 
shoAv  the  number  of  births  in  the  county  previous  to  the  present  year,  and 
speculation  must  be  left  to  others  than  the  historian.     Fortunately,  however, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  225 

the  law  which  requires  the  registration  of  births  and  deaths  has  been  in  force 
lono-  enoucrli  to  give  a  few  figures.  Registration  commenced  in  December,  1877, 
but  it  was  not  until  late  in  January,  1878,  that  the  full  statistics  could  be  ob- 
tained. 

In  four  months,  318  births  have  been  recorded,  and  it  is  believed  that  many 
others  have  occurred  which,  for  various  reasons,  have  not  been  reported.  But 
this  would  make  the  number  of  births  in  this  county  (which  contains  a  popula- 
tion of  40,000)  about  one  thousand  per  year,  or  two  and  one  half  per  cent,  per 
annum.  The  number  of  deaths  registered  during  the  same  period  is  seventy- 
six,  showing  that  the  natural  increase  does  not  vary  much  from  two  per  cent, 
during  the  year.  The  number  of  marriage  licenses  issued  during  this  period 
is  140. 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

The  county  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  La  Salle  and  Grundy  Counties ;  on 
the  east  by  Kankakee  and  Ford ;  on  the  south  by  Ford  and  McLean ;  on  the 
west  by  McLean,  Woodford  and  La  Salle  Counties.  It  embraces  Ranges  from 
o  to  8,  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian ;  and  Townships  from  25  to  30, 
north  of  the  base  line  of  the  State,  being  thirty-six  miles  from  cast  to  west,  and 
twenty-four  from  north  to  south,  with  an  addition  of  eighteen  by  nine  and  three- 
fourths  miles,  lying  south  of  the  eastern  half  of  the  county.  It  contains  twenty- 
seven  full  Congressional  Townships,  namely:  Reading,  Newtown,  Sunbury, 
Nevada,  Dwight,  Round  Grove,  Long  Point,  Amity,  Esmen,  Odell,  Lnion, 
Broughton,  Nebraska,  Rook's  Creek,  Pontiac,  Owego,  Saunemin,  Sullivan, 
Waldo,  Pike,  Eppard's  Point,  Avoca,  Pleasant  Ridge,  Charlotte,  Indian  Grove, 
Forrest  and  Chatsworth ;  and  three  fractional  townships,  to  wit.  Belle  Prairie, 
Fayette  and  GermantoAvn. 

In  size,  it  is  the  fourth  largest  county  in  the  State,  being  exceeded  only  by 
La  Salle,  McLean  and  Iroquois.  It  is  principally  prairie  land  ;  but  timber  is 
found  along  the  Vermilion  River  and  its  branches,  and  also  in  some  fine  groves 
of  native  timber,  in  various  parts  of  the  county.  Round  Grove,  near  the  north- 
eastern corner,  originally  contained  80  acres ;  Oliver's  Grove  about  800  acres, 
situated  near  the  southeastern  corner;  Indian  Grove,  near  the  soutliwestern 
corner,  about  800  acres;  and  Babcock's  Grove  embraces  100  acres,  standing  on 
high  ground  near  the  center  of  the  county ;  Packwood's  Grove,  near  this  point, 
contains  20  acres ;  and  Five  Mile  Grove,  near  the  head  of  the  north  branch  of 
the  Vermilion,  closes  the  list.  Each  of  these,  with  the  exception  of  Round 
Grove,  which  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Mazon,  stands  at  the  head  of  a  small  stream' 
which,  on  leaving  the  timber,  flows  through  the  open  prairie  and  empties  into 
the  Vermilion. 

The  timber  land  does  not  exceed  six  per  cent,  of  the  area.  The  different 
varieties  of  oak,  elm,  maple  and  walnut  predominate,  while  ash,  Cottonwood,  white- 
wood  and  some  other  varieties  are  not  uncommon,  and  a  few  cedars  are  found  on 
the  banks  of  the  Vermilion. 


226  HISTORY    OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  Vermilion  River  has  its  rise  in  the  extreme  southeastern  portion  of  the 
county,  and  has  the  following  tributaries :  South  Branch,  Indian  Creek,  Turtle 
Creek,  Wolf  Creek,  Rook's  Creek,  Mud  Creek,  Long  Point  and  Scattering 
Point  Creeks,  most  of  which  have  their  rise  in  the  county.  All  of  these  streams 
are  living  water,  fed  by  springs,  affording  ample  Avater  for  stock,  and  splendid 
drainage  for  all  parts  of  the  county. 

The  Vermilion  and  the  larger  branches  are  well  stocked  with  fish,  of  which 
the  pickerel,  bass  and  cat-fish  are  the  predominant  varieties.  The  Vermilion 
affords  water-power  for  a  few  mills,  the  best  point  being  at  Pontiac,  where 
Thomas  Williams'  fine  grist-mill  and  saw-mill  are  located. 

This  river  has  thus  been  noticed  by  a  local  writer : 

THE    VERMILION. 
Vermilion  is  no  classic  stream, 

She  is  not  named  in  song  or  story  ; 
No  mighty  deed  or  poet's  dream 

Have  placed  her  on  the  page  of  glory ; 
And  yet  her  banks  are  just  as  fair 
As  those  of  classic  rivers  are. 

The  Rubicon  with  all  its  fame, 

When  sifted  down  is  but  a  sham  ; 
Vermilion  is  a  longer  name, 

And  quite  as  wide  above  the  dam, 
And  as  for  Ctvsar  riding  through  it — 
Why,  any  half-baked  fool  could  do  it. 

Some  men  go  out  to  see  the  Nile, 

Because  they  think  'tis  great  and  manly; 

And  one  stayed  out  there  such  a  while. 
He  had  to  be  looked  up  by  Stanley. 

It  really  did  him  no  more  good 

Than  paddling  up  Vermilion  would. 

Burns  sang  the  praise  of  Bonnie  Doon, 

Because  a  song  he  must  deliver ; 
Had  he  lived  here  he  would  as  soon 

Have  sung  thy  praise,  Vermilion  River. 
Buck's  springs  would  then  as  famous  be 
As  the  castle  of  Montgomery. 

Flow  on,  Vermilion,  gently  flow, 

And  turn  the  wheels  of  AVilliams'  mill; 
Still  on  thy  way  rejoicing  go — 

A  river  is  a  river  still. 
And  all  the  rivers  known  to  fame 
Are  made  of  water  just  the  same. 

The  soil  is  principally  the  deep,  black  alluvial,  common  in  this  State.  The 
surface  is  gently  undulating,  with  broader  stretches  of  level  land  than  are 
found  in  the  northern  and  western  counties.  The  lands  lying  south,  southwest 
and  northwest  of  the  center  of  the  county  are,  for  the  most  part,  level,  while 
north,  east  and  southeast  of  the  center,  the  land  is  more  rolling,  yet  not  so 
uneven  as  to  receive  any  ill  eifects  from  washing,  while  under  the  plow. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  227 

The  chief  advantage  which  land  of  this  character  has  over  a  more  rolling 
and  broken  surface  is  that,  for  many  years  to  come,  there  can  be  no  perceptible 
loss  in  its  fertility,  from  washing  while  under  cultivation. 

GEOLOGY. 

The  geological  formations  are  not  unlike  those  common  to  the  Grand  Prairie 
district,  with  the  important  diiference  that,  in  this  county,  coal  and  stone  are 
found  in  abundance. 

For  some  years  after  the  first  settlement,  and  during  the  second  epoch,  the 
people  lived  in  ignorance  of  the  vast  coal  fields  of  the  county.  All  residents 
then  lived  in  or  upon  the  skirts  of  the  timber,  and  no  fuel  was  needed,  other 
than  the  forest  supplied.  It  is  true  that  the  outcroppings  of  coal  along  the 
banks  of  the  river,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  county,  were  discovered  and 
commented  upon  ;  but  the  pioneer  had  no  means  of  utilizing  it,  and  considered 
it  of  no  value. 

About  the  year  18G0,  Henry  L.  Marsh,  who  owned  a  large  tract  of  land  near 
Fairbury,  had  his  attention  called  to  the  fact  that  the  rapidly  increasing  popu- 
lation must  necessarily  require  a  more  abundant  supply  and  a  cheaper  fuel. 
There  was  not  timber  enough  in  the  county  to  supply  it  for  ten  years,  at  the 
rate  it  was  being  consumed  ;  and,  from  his  knowledge  of  coal  formation.  Marsh 
believed  that  it  could  here  be  obtained,  by  going  to  a  sufficient  depth. 

At  that  day,  coal  mining,  by  deep,  perpendicular  shafts,  was  unknown  in  this 
bituminous  district.  La  Salle,  Peoria  and  Morris  were  sending  out  the  few 
tons  they  were  called  upon  to  supply,  and  Coalville  supplied  a  meager  local 
trade. 

The  Wilmington  coal  fields  were  not  yet  discovered,  and  Streator,  which 
now,  from  its  various  shafts,  sends  up  its  thousands  of  tons  per  day,  was 
unknown  to  the  Avorthy  man  whose  name  it  bears ;  and  for  a  decade  after 
Marsh's  pioneer  labors,  the  place  was  known  only  by  the  name  of  "  Hard- 
scrabble."  To  a  man  of  less  force,  will-power  and  energy  than  Marsh,  the  idea 
of  mining  coal  on  the  open  prairie  of  Livingston  County  would  have  remained  an 
idea,  or  it  might  have  grown  into  a  desire  ;  but  he  was  made  of  the  right  material  to 
push  a  gigantic  enterprise  to  completion.  He  at  once  set  about  an  investigation  of 
the  facts  in  the  case,  and,  under  his  investigation,  the  possibilities  steadily  grew 
into  a  reality.  The  story  of  his  struggles  with  adverse  fortune,  his  heavy  losses,  his 
trials  and  failures,  and  his  final  success,  would  make  an  interesting  and  instruct- 
ive chapter  of  history.  Water,  at  various  depths,  so  flooded  his  work  and 
damaged  it  in  various  ways,  that  his  friends  and  backers  deemed  the  scheme 
impracticable ;  but  he  was  not  discouraged,  and,  in  the  last  extremity,  he  com- 
pleted an  invention  of  his  own,  by  which  the  difficulty  was  overcome.  At  a 
depth  of  180  feet,  he  struck  a  paying  vein  of  excellent  coal.  The  success 
attending  Marsh's  efforts  incited  others  to  like  enterprises,  and,  in  1865,  a  shaft 
was  sunk  at  Pontiac,  another  shaft  at  Fairbury  in  1808,  one  near  Streator  in 


228  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

1872,  one  at  Cornell  in  1875,  and  one  at  Cayuga  in  1878.  ■  Cayuga,  which  is 
distant  five  miles  from  the  river,  is,  thus  far,  the  farthest  point  from  the  Ver- 
milion at  which  a  paying  vein  of  coal  has  been  reached  in  the  county.  The 
efforts  to  find  coal  at  Odell  and  Dwight  have  thus  far  proved  failures.  The 
mining  at  Coalville  is  carried  on  by  horizontal  entries,  and  is  not  so  expensive 
to  the  operators.  The  capital  invested  in  coal  mining  in  Livingston  will  not 
fall  short  of  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars,  and,  thus  far,  the  enterprise  has 
proved  far  more  profitable  to  purchasers  than  to  the  proprietors  of  the  mines. 
Ledges  of  limestone,  suitable  for  building  purposes,  are  found  along  the  banks 
of  the  Vermilion ;  and  at  Pontiac  and  in  the  vicinity,  inexhaustible  quar- 
ries of  calcareo-silicious  stone  are  found.  In  sinking  the  coal  shafts  at  Fair- 
bury,  a  fine  dark  sandstone  of  peculiar  color  and  quality  was  discovered.  This 
stone  is  easily  dressed,  and  is  a  superior  stone  for  building  purposes. 

INDIAN  HISTORY. 

When  the  white  settlers  first  began  to  locate  in  the  territory  out  of  which 
Livingston  County  was  formed,  they  found  it  in  the  possession  of  the  Kickapoo 
and  Pottawatomie  Indians. 

These  tribes  claimed  the  country  by  right  of  conquest,  and  their  eventful 
history  demands  a  far  more  extended  notice  than  can  be  given  to  it  in  these 
pages.  The  final  and  decisive  battle  between  the  Kickapoos  and  the  Pottawato- 
mies  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Miamis  on  the  other,  finds  no  parallel  in  history, 
except  it  be  the  battle  of  "Chevy  Chase"  between  the  followers  of  Douglas 
and  Percy.     This  "  duel  of  the  tribes,"  as  it  is  called,  will  again  be  referred  to. 

The  "  mini  "  Avcre  the  first  inhabitants  of  which  history  gives  any  authentic 
account. 

This  name  means  "  Superior  men  "  and  did  not  apply  to  a  tribe,  but  to  a 
confederation  of  tribes,  composed  of  the  Peorias,  Moinquienas,  Kas-kas-kias, 
Tamaroas  and  Cahokias.  In  1872,  this  powerful  confederation  had  dwindled 
to  forty  souls,  and  these  were  living  on  a  reservation  southwest  of  the  land 
assigned  by  the  Government  to  the  Quapaws. 

Chicago  was  their  great  chief  in  the  days  of  their  glory.  In  1700,  this 
chief  went  to  France,  and  was  treated  with  distinguished  honors.  His  son,  of 
the  same  name,  was  also  a  powerful  chief  to  the  time  of  his  death,  in  1754. 

Against  this  confederation,  the  Kickapoos,  PottaAvatomies  and  Miamis  com- 
bined for  a  war  of  extermination.  After  a  long  and  bloody  struggle,  the  Illini 
made  their  last  stand  at  Starved  Rock,  in  La  Salle  County,  in  the  year  1774. 
The  Illini  suffered  a  disastrous  defeat,  and  left  their  enemies  in  undisputed 
possession  of  the  territory.  But  when  the  victorious  tribes  came  to  divide  the 
domain  among  themselves,  fresh  difficulty  arose,  and  they  again  resorted  to 
arms. 

In  this  struggle,  the  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  combined  their  forces, 
and  made  common  cause  against  the  Miamis.     The   war  which  followed  was 


HISTORV  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  229 

not  of  long  duration  ;  but  it  was  exceedingly  bloody  and  fatal  to  the  participants. 
In  the  year  1774,  less  than  twelve  months  from  the  time  that  they  had  con- 
quered the  Illini,  it  was  agreed  that  the  Miamis  should  select  three  hundred 
warriors,  and  the  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  a  like  number,  and  that  these 
SIX  hundred  men  should  meet  in  combat  and  decide  the  (quarrel.  The 
opposing  forces  met  on  the  banks  of  Sugar  Creek  and  fought  from  the  rising  to 
the  setting  of  the  sun,  and  at  the  close  of  the  day  there  remained  only-  twelve 
men  who  were  not  killed  or  mortally  wounded ;  and  of  these,  five  were  Miamis 
and  seven  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies. 

The  ballad  of  "Chevy  Chase."  with  which  every  student  of  historv  is 
familiar,  and  which  records  the  only  parallel  of  this  conflict  to  be  found  in 
history,  tells  us  that 

"  The  fight  did  last  from  break  of  day 
Till  setting  of  the  sun  : 
for  when  they  rung  tlie  evening  bell, 
The  battle  scatce  was  done. 

"And  the  Lord  Maxwell,  in  likewise, 
Did  with  Earl  Douglas  die  ; 
Of  twenty  hundred  Scottish  spears, 
Scarce  fifty-five  did  fly. 

"  Of  fifteen  hundred  Englishmen, 
Went  home  but  fifty-three  ; 
The  rest  were  slain  at  Chevy  Chase. 
Under  the  greenwood  tree." 

But  this  people  had  no  written  language,  and  many  of  their  deeds  of  noble 
•daring  will  perish  with  them ;  but  it  would  require  but  little  imairination  to 
quote  further  from  the  records  of  Chevy  Chase,  and  apply  it  to  this'conflict : 

"  Next  day,  did  many  widows  come, 
Their  husbands  to  bewail  ; 
They  washed  their  wounds  in  briny  tears, 
But  all  could  not  prevail. 

"  Their  bodies,  bathed  in  purple  blood, 
They  bore  with  them  away  ; 
They  kissed  them,  dead,  a  thousand  times 
Ere  they  were  clad  in  clay." 

In  this  battle,  the  Kickapoos  and  Pottawatomies  were  declared  the  victors, 
and  the  Miamis  retired  to  the  east  side  of  the  AYabash  River,  leaving  them  in 
possession  of  the  territory. 

The  victorious  tribes  then  divided  the  land  between  them,  and  the  Indian 
trail  passing  near  Oliver's  Grove  marked  the  dividing  line.  East  and  southeast 
of  this  line  belonged  to  the  Kickapoos,  and  the  remainder  to  the  Pottawatomies. 

Hon.  Perry  A.  Armstrong,  a  gentleman  of  culture  and  natural  talent,  who 
resides  at  Morris,  in  Grundy  County,  has  made  the  study  of  the  history  of  these 
Indian  tribes  a  specialty  for  the  past  twenty-five  years  ;  and  it  is  to  him  that  the 
writer  is  indebted  for  valuable  dates  in  this  connection. 


230  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Armstrong  says,  in  speaking  of  the  Indian  trail  referred  to :  "  It  was  very 
distinct  when  I  last  saw  it,  in  1845 ;  and  Avhen  I  first  saw  it,  in  1831,  it  was, 
on  an  average,  eight  inches  deep  by  fifteen  inches  wide."  This  trail  was  the- 
dividing  line  between  the  two  tribes  up  to  the  year  1835,  when  the  Government 
moved  them  west  of  the  Mississippi. 

When  the  boundary  line  was  established,  the  Pottawatomies  retired  to  the- 
vicinitv  of  Fox  River,  while  the  Kickapoos  established  their  headquarters  on 
Salt  Creek,  near  where  the  town  of  LeRoy  now  stands  ;  and  the  vicinity  was^ 
known  to  the  first  settlers  by  the  name  of  Old  Town  Timber.  The  Pottawato- 
mies would  come  up  as  far  as  Rook's  Creek,  on  their  hunting  excursions,  and' 
they  frequently  camped  on  the  Vermilion  River,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present 
residence  of  Emsley  Pope,  in  Newtown  ;  but  the  boundary  line  was  respected,, 
and  the  two  tribes  remained  on  friendly  terms. 

In  the  Spring  of  1828,  the  Kickapoos  removed  their  headquarters  within 
the  present  bounds  of  Livingston  County.  They  erected  a  council  house  and 
built  a  villao-e  on  the  east  side  of  Indian  Grove,  and  the  tribe  at  that  time  num- 
bered about  700  souls.  They  possessed  all  the  ordinary  characteristics  of  the 
typical  American  Indian — the  copper  complexion,  black,  straight  hair,  well-pro- 
portioned limbs  and  keen,  black  eyes. 

The  women  Avere  far  more  attractive  in  personal  appearance  than  the  gener- 
ality of  squaws,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  upon  them  devolved  all  the  drudg- 
ery of  domestic  life ;  and,  while  they  remained  at  Indian  Grove,  the  women 
cultivated  the  land,  after  a  rude  fiishion,  and  raised  corn,  beans  and  potatoes, 
Avhile  the  men  devoted  themselves  to  hunting  and  fishing,  but  the  squaws  were 
expected  to  dress  all  game  after  it  was  brought  home. 

In  the  Spring  of  1830,  they  removed  to  Oliver's  Grove,  then  known  as 
Kickapoo  Grove,  where  they  erected  a  large  and  permanent  council  house, 
ninety-seven  wigwams  and  several  small  encampments. 

It  was  here  that  an  exact  census  of  them  Avas  taken,  and  they  numbered — 
men,  women  and  children — 630  souls. 

In  the  year  of  1832,  a  pioneer  Methodist  preacher  by  the  name  of  William 
Walker,  who  resided  at  Ottawa,  111.,  visited  them  and  established  a  Mission. 
Father  Walker  was  at  the  time  an  old  man,  and  the  journey  was  a  long  one  for 
him  to  make ;  but,  under  his  ministrations,  several  of  the  tribe  were  converted 
to  Christianity,  among  the  number  being  a  young  man  whom  Walker  ordained, 
and  who  held  regular  service  every  Sabbath  when  Walker  could  not  attend- 
They  soon  came  to  have  great  respect  for  'the  Sabbath,  and,  at  whatever  dis- 
tance from  home  they  might  be  hunting  during  the  Aveek,  they  ahvays  returned 
to  camp  on  Saturday  night,  so  as  to  be  in  attendance  at  church  on  Sunday 


morning. 


Their  prayer  books  consisted  of  Avalnut  boards,  on  Avhich  were  carved  char- 
acters representing  the  ideas  intended  to  be  impressed  upon  the  mind.  At  the 
top  of  the  board  Avas  a  picture  of  a  AvigAvam. 


I 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  231 

These  boards  were  quite  uniform  in  size  and  appearance,  and  were  held  very 
sacred,  and  were  protected  with  the  utmost  care ;  no  Indian  thought  of  retiring 
for  the  night  without  first  consulting  his  board. 

Each  Sabbath  they  had  a  public  dinner,  of  which  the  whole  community 
partook.  In  the  center  of  the  ground  in  which  their  religious  meetings  were 
held,  a  fire  was  kindled,  and  over  this  the  camp  kettles  were  hung  in  a  line. 
The  men  were  grouped  on  one  side  of  this  line  and  the  women  on  the  other; 
at  one  end  gathered  the  children,  and  at  the  other  end  stood  the  preacher. 
Two  men  stood  near  the  children  to  see  that  perfect  order  was  preserved;  and 
no  congregation,  even  in  the  days  of  the  Puritan  fixthers,  was  more  decorous 
than  were  these  newly  Christianized  Kickapoos.  While  the  minister  preached,, 
the  dinner  cooked ;  and  when  the  religious  services  were  over,  the  kettles  were 
removed  from  the  fire,  and  the  dinner  was  served  out  into  Avooden  bowls  and 
trenchers,  with  ladles  and  spoons  of  the  same  material.  The  dinner  generally 
consisted  of  venison,  coon,  opossum,  turtle,  fish,  or  any  other  animal  food  they 
coukf  obtain,  together  with  corn,  beans  and  potatoes,  all  boiled  together. 

Hon.  Woodford  (x.  McDowell,  on  whom  we  have  largely  drawn  for  infor- 
mation, says  that  a  dinner  of  this  kind  "generally  left  a  quantity  of  soup, 
which  was  highly  flavored  and  quite  nutritious."  It  is  natural  to  suppose  that 
such  would  be  the  case. 

The  Kickapoos  remained  at  this  point  until   September,  1832,  when  they- 
were  removed  by  the  Government  to  their  lands  west  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis. 

Shabbona,  the  friend  of  the  whites,  with  whom  many  of  the  earliest  settlers 
were  acquainted,  was  neither  a  Kickapoo  nor  a  Pottawatomie,  but  an  Ottawa 
Indian.  After  the  death  of  Pontiac,  after  whom  the  county  seat  of  Livings- 
ton County  is  named,  the  Ottawa  tribe  became  merged  into  the  Pottawatomies ; 
but  many  individual  members  of  the  tribe  clung  to  the  old  name,  and  cherished 
with  pride  the  history  of  their  descent  from  this  superior  stock.  Of  this  num- 
ber was  Shabbona,  who  was  very  sensitive  on  the  question  of  his  origin.  If  he 
was  called  a  Pottawatomie,  says  Armstrong,  he  would  immediately  and  invari- 
ably reply:  "Me  Ottawa  Indian  ;  me  no  Pottawatomie." 

The  history  of  the  great  chief  Pontiac  is  interwoven  with  the  history  of  the 
nation ;  yet  it  has  remained  for  Hon.  Perry  A.  Armstrong,  of  Morris,  to  give 
to  the  world  a  reliable  account  of  his  last  days. 

The  last  event  recorded  in  his  career,  in  the  commonly  received  history,  is 
his  attack  on  Capt.  Dalzell,  who,  at  the  head  of  three  hundred  men,  was  march- 
ing to  the  relief  of  Detroit,  about  the  last  of  July,  1763.  Says  the  national 
historian :  "Subsequent  to  this  period,  we  have  no  reliable  history  of  the  Great 
Sachem  of  the  Ottawas."  Armstrong  says  :  "  He  was  a  great  brave,  who  had 
enemies  and  rivals,  who  finally  caused  him  to  be  assassinated.  He  was  invited 
to  a  war  dance  on  a  dark  night,  solely  for  this  purpose.  He  was  warned  to  stay 
away,  or  if  he  attended  to  take  with  him  a  strong  force  of  braves ;  but  aspir- 
ing to  be  the  leader  of  all,  he  knew  that  if  he  showed  fear  on  this  occasion 


232  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

he  would  be  forever  disgraced;  he  started  alone,  and  was  waylaid  and  mur- 
dered before  he  reached  his  destination."  This  event  occurred  is  1772,  near 
where  East  St.  Louis  stands, 

EARLY    SETTLEMENT    AND    INCIDENTS. 

V.  M.  Darnall  and  Frederick  Rook  were  the  first  white  men  to  locate  in 
the  territory  now  embraced  in  Livingston  County.  Darnall  erected  his  cabin  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  timber  known  as  Indian  Grove,  in  the  Fall  of  1829, 
soon  after  the  Kickapoo  Indians  had  exchanged  this  locality  for  Oliver's  Grove. 

At  or  about  the  time  that  Darnall  made  his  settlement  at  Indian  Grove, 
Frederick  Rook  located  five  miles  west  of  Pontiac,  on  the  creek  which  still 
bears  his  name  ;  and,  soon  after,  Isaac  Jordan  selected  his  location.  Rook 
removed  to  Missouri  at  an  early  day,  and  the  exact  date  of  his  settlement  here 
cannot  be  obtained.  These  three  men,  Avith  their  fiimilies,  Avere  the  only  white 
persons,  in  this  locality,  who  saw  the  "  great  snow  "  Avhich  fell  in  the  Winter  of 
1830-31.  This  fall  of  snow  was  phenomenal,  and  its  like,  probably,  had  never 
occurred  before,  and  certainly  has  not  since  within  the  limits  of  the  State.  In 
a  dead  calm,  it  fell  to  the  depth  of  four  feet.  This  was  followed  by  a  drizzling 
rain,  which  soon  turned  to  sleet.  Then  the  weather  became  intensely  cold,  and 
the  whole  face  of  the  country  was  covered  with  a  sheet  of  ice,  overlying  a 
field  of  snow  that  was  four  feet  deep  on  the  level. 

This  storm  was  very  destructive  to  game  of  all  kinds,  and  it  was  several 
years  before  it  again  became  abundant.  Deer,  by  the  hundred,  starved  to 
death,  and  birds,  such  as  grouse  and  quail,  perished  in  great  numbers.  Squire 
L.  Payne,  of  Eppard's  Point,  who  at  that  time  resided  near  Danville,  informs 
ihe  writer  that  deer,  showing  no  signs  of  fear,  would  stand  and  eat  the  branches 
from  a  fallen  tree  while  the  woodman  was  chopping  and  splitting  the  body  of 
the  same.  He  further  says  that,  after  the  snow  had  continued  for  some  time, 
the  deer  were  not  molested,  as  they  were  so  emaciated  as  to  be  unfit  for  food, 
and  were  only  occasionally  killed  for  their  skins. 

At  this  period,  the  Kickapoo  Indians  had  a  village  at  Oliver's  Grove,  and 
they,  as  Avell  as  the  few  white  settlers,  suifered  severely  from  the  intense  cold 
and  scarcity  of  food.  During  the  continuance  of  the  snow,  they  used  their 
largo  council  house  as  a  common  kitchen  for  all.  Their  camp  kettles  were  kept 
constantly  boiling,  and  into  them  were  thrown  such  animal  food  as  they  could 
procure.  A  starved  deer  was  a  welcome  addition  to  their  larder,  and,  when 
•other  supplies  failed,  a  pony  was  sacrificed,  and  horse  soup  dished  out. 

Frederick  Rook  and  Isaac  Jordan  found  their  stock  of  provisions  failing, 
and  thev  conceived  the  idea  of  manufacturino;  snow-shoes  from  boards  and  going 
to  Mackinaw  for  supplies,  for  it  was  impossible  for  them  to  travel  with  a  horse. 
They  accomplished  the  journey  on  their  snow-shoes,  and  Avhen  they  reached 
that,  to  them,  Egyptian  storehouse,  they  were  so  fortunate  as  to  receive,  each,  a 
bushel  and  a  half  of  corn.     They  placed  this  on  hand-sleds  and  drcAv  it  home, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  233 

arriving  there  on  the  evening  of  the  fourth  day.  This  corn  they  pounded  into 
meal,  and,  by  careful  husbanding,  made  it  last  them  till  further  supplies  could 
be  obtained. 

When  the  snow  began  to  fall,  jNIajor  Darnall  was  over  on  the  Mackinaw,  his 
wife  and  four  small  children  being  at  home  in  Indian  Grove,  with  a  scanty  sup- 
ply of  prodsions.  He  waited  during  the  night  for  the  storm  to  abate  ;  but,  at 
the  early  dawn,  he  mounted  his  horse,  which  Avas  an  excellent  one,  and  taking 
the  half  of  a  deer  before  him,  without  guide  or  compass,  he  started  across  the 
trackless  snow-field  for  his  distant  home.  It  was  a  perilous  undertaking  and, 
at  times,  it  seemed  useless  to  ti-y  to  proceed,  as  the  horse  would  sink  to  his  saddle- 
girths  in  the  snow ;  but  horse  and  rider  persevered,  and,  just  as  the  sun  was 
setting,  he  espied  the  smoke  curling  from  the  chimney  of  his  little  cabin,  which 
was  half  buried  in  the  snow.  Imagination  can  paint  the  blissful  meeting  of 
husband  and  wife  on  this  occasion  ;  and  there  have  been  few  happier  family 
meetings  than  the  one  gathered  around  Major  Darnall's  hearthstone  on  that 
memorable  evening. 

Major  Darnall  still  resides  in  the  vicinity  of  Fairbury,  possessed  of  a  com- 
petence, honored  and  respected ;  and  it  is  worth  something  to  hear  him  recount 
the  history  of  the  early  days  of  Livj    ^-ston  County. 

Durins:  the  vear  1830,  Andrew/  »IcMillan  and  Garret  M.  Blue  located  on 
Rook's  Creek,  and  their  descendant  -  are  numerous.  Blue's  name  and  those  of 
his  sons  frequently  appear  in  the  political  annals  of  the  county. 

Jacob  Moon  came  to  Moon's  Point  in  the  same  year,  and  his  progeny  are 
among  the  most  wealthy  and  respected  in  the  county. 

On  the  5th  day  of  May,  1832,  William  McDowell,  i"rom  Sciota  County, 
Ohio,  with  his  five  sons,  John,  Hiram,  Woodford  G.,  Joseph  and  James,  and  his 
two  daughters,  Betty  and  Hannah,  settled  in  what  is  now  Avoca  Township,  on 
the  Little  Vermilion.  Their  nearest  white  neighbor  on  the  south  was  one  Philip 
Cook ;  but  they  could  call  around  on  Frederick  Rook,  Isaac  Jordan  or  William 
Popejoy,  almost  any  time,  by  going  a  distance  of  from  five  to  fifteen  miles. 

The  elder  McDowell  displayed  excellent  judgment  in  selecting  this  location, 
for  after  forty-five  years'  continual  farming,  the  soil  is  still  rich  and  productive. 

The  McDowells  at  once  proceeded  to  erect  their  cabin.  The  principal  tool 
used  in  its  construction  Avas  an  axe.  They  brought  with  them  a  few  panes  of 
glass  for  a  window,  and,  in  this  particular,  they  had  the  advantage  of  their 
neighbors.  The  boards  which  furnished  the  material  for  the  door  and  window 
casing  of  this  primitive  dwelling,  were  purchased  of  the  Kickapoo  Indians,  and 
were  brought  from  Oliver's  Grove  with  an  ox  team.  The  Indians  had  hewn 
them  out  for  some  purpose  of  their  own,  but  were  induced  to  part  with  them 
for  a  small  s.upply  of  ammunition. 

The  Black  Hawk  war  Avas  then  in  active  operation,  and  this  settlement  Avas 
within  a  short  march  of  the  headcpiarters  of  this  terrible  chief.  This  same  year, 
Wm.  Popejoy,  John  Hanneman  and  Franklin  Oliver  located,  and  soon  took  an  act- 


234  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ive  part  m  the  affairs  of  the  settlement.  Black  Hawk  maintained  his  position,  and 
the  situation  of  the  settlers  became  alarming,  as  it  was  not  known  what  attitude  the 
Kickapoo  Indians  (numbering  030)  at  Oliver's  Grove,  would  assume ;  and,  on 
the  20th  of  May,  they  were  waited  upon  by  a  deputation  of  whites  for  the  pur- 
pose of  ascertaining  their  intentions. 

At  this  meeting,  the  venerable  Franklin  Oliver  presided.  On  their  return 
from  the  council,  the  members  of  the  deputation  stopped  at  the  McDowell  cabm 
and  took  dinner,  and  they  advised  the  settlers  either  to  abandon  their  homes  or 
proceed  to  erect  fortifications.  The  latter  scheme  was  impracticable,  for  the 
reason  that  there  were  but  two  rifles  in  the  whole  settlement,  and  very  little 
ammunition.  On  the  27th  of  May,  all  the  white  men  in  the  settlement  held  a 
council,  and  it  Avas  then  and  there  decided  that  the  best  thing  that  could  be 
done,  under  the  circumstances,  was  to  retire  to  the  white  settlements  in  Indiana  ; 
and,  on  the  evening  of  the  28th,  the  entire  white  population  camped  in  and 
around  the  McDowell  cabin,  preparatory  to  a  march  the  next  morning. 

This  company  consisted  of   the  McDowell  family,  and  William  Popejoy, 
Abner  Johnson,  Uriah  Blue,  Isaac  Jordan  and  John  Hanneman,  and  their  fam- 
ilies— thirty-one  souls  in  all.     In  speaking  of  this  party,  Hon.  Woodford  G. 
McDowell,  who  was  one  of  the  number,  says  :     "I  feel  sure,  if  the  entire  outfit 
^  had  been  required  to  raise  twenty-five  dollars  among  them,  or  be  scalped  by  the 

Indians,  they  would  have  been  compelled  to  throw  up  the  sponge — they  could 
not  have  raised  the  money." 

On  the  morning  of  the  29th  of  May,  the  whole  company  of  seven  families, 
in  six  wagons,  took  up  the  line  of  march  and  left  the  embryo  county  in  posses- 
sion of  the  Indians.  Darnall  must  have  retreated  some  time  previous,  as  his 
name  is  not  mentioned  in  this  exodus ;  and  as  far  as  Oliver  is  concerned,  he 
came  and  went  among  the  Indians  at  his  own  pleasure,  and  without  fear  of 
molestation.  He  thoroughly  understood  their  character,  and  was  accounted  a 
favorite  among  them  ;  and,  in  fact,  an  Indian  chief  was  called  after  his  name. 

Durin^r  the  march  to  Indiana,  several  interesting  incidents  transpired. 
The  more  timid  were  in  hourly  anticipation  of  an  attack  from  Black  Hawk,  and 
could  scarcely  be  persuaded  to  regulate  their  pace  with  the  ox  teams  which  drew 
the  women  and  children.  On  the  second  day  of  their  march,  the  Avife  of  Isaac 
Jordan  presented  him  with  an  infant  daughter ;  and  James  McDowell,  then  a 
young  man  of  17  years,  together  with  another  youth,  walked  to  a  grove  of 
timber  four  miles  distant  to  procure  wood  enough  to  build  a  camp  fire.  On 
their  return,  they  found  the  camp  in  great  commotion.  A  couple  of  Indians 
had  been  seen  on  a  ridge  overlooking  the  camp,  and  then  to  disappear  in  the 
tall  grass.  Women  and  children  were  crying,  and  even  some  of  the  men  were 
badly  frightened,  and  counseled  an  immediate  flight,  as  they  supposed  the 
Indians  they  had  seen  were  scouts  sent  out  by  Black  Hawk.  Others  were  less 
excited,  and  proceeded  to  light  the  camp  fire  and  prepare  their  supper,  the  elder 
McDowell  remarking,  as  he  held  his  frying-pan  over  the  fire,  that  "  he  did  not 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  235 

propose  to  be  scalped  on  an  empty  stomach."  It  was  soon  ascertained,  how- 
ever, that  the  Indians  Avere  two  friendly  Kickapoos,  who  had  come  to  bid  their 
white  friends  farewell ;  but  the  incident  proved  the  different  material  of  which 
the  company  was  composed,  and  had  not  a  little  to  do  with  the  estimate  in 
which  they  subsequently  held  each  other's  character. 

The  next  day,  the  mother  and  child  were  left  at  the  house  of  Philip  Cook, 
before  mentioned,  as  this  Avas  considered  sufficiently  remote  from  the  seat  of  war 
to  be  safe ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  party  pushed  on  to  Indiana.  A.  B.  Phil- 
lips and  James  Spence,  with  their  families,  had  taken  refuge  within  a  fortifica- 
tion on  the  Mackinaw.  But,  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year,  nearly  all  of  the 
persons  mentioned  in  the  exodus  returned  to  their  claims. 

We  have  seen  how  near  the  daughter  of  Isaac  Jordan  came  to  being  born  in 
the  limits  of  the  county,  but  the  first  white  child  actually  born  within  the  bor- 
ders of  Livingston,  Avas  a  son  of  A.  B.  Phillips.  He  grew  to  manhood,  and 
when  the  hour  of  his  country's  peril  came,  he  was  one  of  the  first  to  answer  her 
call,  and  he  gave  his  life  to  maintain  her  honor.  Thus  the  county  literally  gave 
her  "  first  born  for  a  sacrifice."     All  honor  to  such  men  ! 

"  On  fame's  eternal  camping  ground 
Their  silent  tents  are  spread, 
And  glory  guards,  with  solemn  round, 
The  bivouac  of  the  dead." 

The  second  birth  in  the  county  was  J.  W.  Darnall,  noAV  47  years  old,  and  a 
worthy  and  respected  citizen.  When  the  settlers  returned  from  Indiana,  Avith 
them  came  Nathan  Popejoy,  and  located  a  fcAv  miles  east  of  Pontiac.  At  this 
period.  Judge  McDoAvell  informs  us  that  there  Avere  but  tAvo  young  ladies 
within  a  distance  of  fifty  miles  up  and  doAvn  the  Vermilion,  but  this  condition  of 
thino-s  did  not  long  exist,  for  the  year  1833  saAV  a  considerable  influx  of  new 
families.  In  this  year.  Dr.  John  DaAis  settled  near  the  present  residence  of 
Philip  Rollins.  He  Avas  the  first  physician  in  the  county,  and  had  the  medical 
practice,  without  a  rival,  for  some  time.  About  the  same  time  came  Daniel 
RockAvood  and  the  Weeds,  Henry,  E.  F.  and  James,  also  John  Recob,  John 
Johnson,  the  Murry  family,  Squire  Hayes,  John  Chew,  Daniel  Barackman, 
John  DoAvney,  Joseph  Reynolds  and  his  brothers.  The  Government  had  just 
removed  the  last  Kickapoo  Avest  of  the  Mississippi,  and  Franklin  Oliver,  this 
year,  permanently  located  at  Kickapoo  Grove,  Avhich,  since  that  date,  has  borne 
his  name.  The  Indian  trouble  Avas  now  forever  settled,  so  far  as  this  county  Avas 
concerned,  the  hardest  trials  were  past  and  a  brighter  day  was  daAvning ;  but 
the  old  settler  never  groAvs  weary  of  talking  about  this  period,  and  of  recount- 
ing his  trials  and  exploits.  Among  the  number  Avhose  recollection  is  perfectly 
unimpaired,  is  John  Johnson,  of  Rook's  Creek.  He  Avas  born  in  Ontario 
County,  NcAv  York,  and  came  to  ShaAvneetoAvn,  in  this  State,  as  early  as  1821. 
There  Avere  only  some  fifty  Avhite  persons  in  the  county  Avhen  Johnson  settled 
here,  and  he  kncAv  them  all.     He  calculates  that  he  and  his  sons  have  killed 


236  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

over  a  thousand  deer  within  the  limits  of  the  county.  In  the  Fall  hunt  of  1834, 
they  killed  seventy-five  and  took  the  skins  and  hams  to  Ottawa,  and  received 
for  them  the  sum  of  sixty  dollars — a  large  amount  of  money  in  those  days. 
Franklin  Oliver,  although  in  his  ninety-second  year,  still  retains  his  faculties  in 
a  wonderful  degree,  and  is  a  walking  encyclpp?edia  of  facts  pertaining  to  the 
early  settlement ;  also  Emsley  Pope  (whose  history  will  receive  further  mention), 
together  with  James  and  Woodford  G.  McDowell  and  Major  Darnall  are  still 
with  us,  their  minds  and  memories  unimpaired.  Frederick  Rook,  the  old 
pioneer,  after  whom  Rook's  Creek  Township  is  named,  is  described  by  James- 
McDowell,  as  a  well-made,  fat-faced,  easy  natured  and  accommodating  German? 
and  not  at  all  such  a  character  as  has  been  described  in  later  days.  He  had  a 
wife  and  family,  and,  at  the  date  of  his  departure,  his  eldest  daughter,  Mary, 
w'as  seventeen  years  old.  He  frequently  deplored  the  lack  of  facilities  for  giv- 
ing his  children  an  education,  and  it  is  stated  that  this  was  the  cause  of  his 
removing  from  the  county  at  an  early  day.  He  was  a  capital  sliot,  a  generous 
provider  for  his  family,  and  altogether  a  worthy  man ;  and  the  aspersions  cast 
upon  his  character  are  without  any  foundation  in  fact,  and  may  be  considered  as 
false. 

The  nearest  post  office  at  this  time  was  at  Bloomington ;  but,  as  James 
McDowell  says,  they  did  not  take  a  daily  paper  or  write  many  love  letters  in 
those  days ;  they  managed  to  live  with  a  post  office  even  at  that  distance. 
They  took  their  grain  fifty  miles,  with  an  ox  team,  to  a  mill  owned  and  run  by 
John  Green,  on  the  other  side  of  Ottawa ;  and,  after  hauling  it  that  distance, 
they  frequently  had  to  wait  a  day  or  two  for  their  turn,  and  it  never  happened 
that  a  man  went  to  mill,  called  round  by  the  post  office  and  returned  home  on 
the  same  day. 

Among  some  of  the  earliest  settlers  were  Truman  Rutherford,  John  Foster, 
James  Holman,  William  K.  Brown,  .Judge  Breckenridge,  Amos  Edwards  and 
Andrew  McDowell,  of  Long  Point ;  Walter  Cornell,  Andrew  Sprague,  Joel  B. 
Anderson,  H.  Steers,  Isaac  Burgit,  John  Darnall,  John  Travis,  J.  W.  Reynolds, 
Charles  Jones,  Philip  Rollins,  John  Marks,  James  Demoss,  Benjamin  Hie- 
ronymous  and  the  Garner  brothers. 

It  was  several  years  before  the  pioneers  erected  a  church  edifice,  but  they 
were  not  heathens.  For  miles  around,  the  community  would,  on  a  Sunday^ 
assemble  at  the  house  of  John  Terhune,  who  possessed  a  book  of  sermons,  and 
who  would  read  to  them  on  these  occasions.  Terhune  was  a  man  of  education^ 
who  quietly  came  among  these  pioneers,  and,  after  remaining  a  few  years, 
departed  as  he  came.  His  destination  was  not  known,  and  the  date  of  his 
departure  is  not  fixed  ;  and,  as  he  was  of  a  retiring  and  unobtrusive  disposition, 
but  few  facts  concerning  him  can  be  obtained. 

In  1884,  William  Royle,  a  Methodist  preacher,  established  a  mission  in  this 
locality ;  but,  as  his  circuit  embraced  such  distant  points  as  Waupansee,  Ottawa 
and  Mazoii,  he  could  only  hold  service  here  on  a  week  day  ;  yei  men  w^ould 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  23T 

leave  their  work  and  come  ten  and  even  fifteen  miles  to  attend  religious  service. 

In  the  Fall  of  the  year,  the  whole  community — men,  women  and  children — - 
would  yoke  ujx  their  ox  teams  and  go  over  to  Mackinaw  to  attend  camp  meeting. 
This  was  considered  the  event  of  the  year,  and  was  eagerly  anticipated  by  the 
young  people,  who  had  not  many  opportunities  of  enjoying  each  other's  society 
and  forming  new  acquaintances.  Joseph  C.  Morrison,  of  Avoca  Township,  and 
now  one  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  respected  citizens  of  the  county,  was,  at 
this  period,  one  of  the  rising  young  men  of  the  community.  He  says  that  the 
enjoyment  of  these  trips  could  only  be  appreciated  by  a  community  placed  in 
like  circumstances. 

Yet  these  pioneers  were  not  without  their  amusements  and  recreations  ;  but; 
they  generally  contrived  to  combine  business  with  pleasure.  James  ]McDowell 
came  twelve  miles,  with  his  father,  to  assist  in  raising  the  first  cabin  that  was 
erected  in  Pontiac ;  and  he  remembers  it  as  a  day  given  to  pleasure. 

Another  popular  amusement  was  to  assemble  the  community  for  the  "  grand 
circular  hunt."  Having  selected  the  territory,  which  embraced  as  large  a  tract 
as  the  number  of  hunters  could  command,  they  placed  themselves  in  a  circle,  on 
the  outside,  and  drove  the  game  toward  a  common  center.  The  gams  thus  encir- 
cled consisted  mainly  of  wolves  and  deer,  which  were  always  captured  or  killed 
in  great  numbers.  The  hunt,  and  especially  the  closing  up  of  the  circle,  wa& 
exciting  in  the  extreme,  and  no  small  amount  of  skill  was  displayed  in  the  man- 
ner of  disposing  of  the  animals  as  they  attempted  to  break  through  the  lines  of 
their  persecutors. 

The  State  paid  a  bounty  for  wolf  scalps  in  those  days,  and  this  Avas  a  source 
of  revenue  to  the  settlers. 

On  one  occasion,  while  Nicholas  Hefi"ner  was  both  Sheriff  and  Tax  Collect- 
or for  the  county,  and  Washington  Boyer  was  School  Commissioner,  Heff- 
ner  was  taken  sick,  and  requested  James  McDowell  to  go  to  Springfield  for 
him  and  make  a  settlement  with  the  State,  and  the  School  Commissioner^ 
learning  that  he  was  about  to  make  the  trip,  called  on  him  and  requested  that  he 
should  bring  back  with  him,  from  Springfield,  the  amount  due  the  county  from 
the  State  school  fund. 

McDowell  mounted  his  horse  and,  taking  a  huge  bag  of  legal  tender,  in  the 
shape  of  wolf  scalps,  before  him,  set  out  on  his  journey,  and,  arrived  at  the  State 
Capital,  he  not  only  paid  the  entire  amount  due  the  State  in  wolf  scalps,  but 
exchanged  a  sufficient  number  of  the  remainder  with  the  State  Treasurer,  to 
cover  the  amount  coming  to  the  county  from  th3  school  fund.  Notwithstanding 
this  remarkable  instance  of  the  profit  derived  from  rearing  wolves,  their  propa- 
gation is  now  entirely  neglected  in  this  county,  and  a  wolf  found  occasionally  iS' 
viewed  as  an  object  of  curiosity. 

James  McDowell  still  flourishes  in  his  pristine  vigor,  though  upward  of  60 
years  old.  He  owns  over  2,100  acres  of  choice  farming  land  in  the  vicinity 
where  he  first  located,  and  is  enjoying  the  competence  he  has  so  justly  earned. 


^38  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

It  is  a  matter  of  wonder  to  many  now  living  in  the  county,  how  the  pioneers 
managed  to  live  and  rear  large  families  where  there  was  no  money  in  the  country, 
•and  no  market  for  produce.  In  the  first  place,  they  did  not  go  in  debt,  for  they 
.could  not  do  so ;  then  game  was  abundant,  and  if  it  Avould  not  bring  a  price,  it 
.filled  a  very  important  place  in  the  household  economy.  They  raised  their  own 
.coffee,  which  was  prepared  from  parched  corn  ;  they  made  their  own  sugar,  and 
:as  for  store  tea,  that  was  dispensed  with.  Then,  again,  a  dealer  from  some  of  the 
•earlier  settled  portions  of  the  State,  would  occasionally  ride  through  this  region 
on  horseback,  and  purchase  a  few  steers  at  a  very  low  price,  but  a  little  money 
went  a  great  way  with  the  fathers.  Deer  skins  and  the  skins  and  furs  of 
smaller  animals  always  brought  cash  when  they  could  be  got  to  market,  and 
occasionally  a  pioneer  would  collect  these  and  push  through  to  some  distant 
point  and,  disposing  of  them,  return  with  their  value  in  money. 

The  introduction  of  a  few  sheep  by  Maj.  Darnall  helped  matters  very  much. 
Tlie  carding,  spinning  and  weaving  Avere  done  at  home,  and  cost  no  money. 
This  industry  was  first  introduced  into  the  community  by  the  good  wives  of 
Maj.  Darnall  and  A.  B.  Phillips,  and  was  soon  copie(J  by  other  matrons.  Taxes 
swere  very  low ;  and  if  a  settler  of  this  period  received  from  all  sources  an 
income  of  §15  or  $20  per  annum,  he  had  sufiicient  to  pay  his  cash  expenses. 
The  amount  of  money  now  paid  for  a  new  bonnet,  or  a  Spring  overcoat,  would 
.have  sufiiced  to  support  a  family  at  that  time  for  six  months."  There  were  few 
schools  for  the  children,  and  they  were  required  to  help  carry  on  the  farm  work, 
.and  everything  was  made  to  count  for  what  it  was  worth. 

But  what  was  already  a  difficult  financial  problem  was  made  doubly  so  by 
the  general  crash  which  the  year  1887  brought  to  all  business  and  monetary 
affairs. 

During  the  very  year  that  saw  our  county  legally  organized,  the  State 
Legislature  passed  the  bill  for  internal  improvement  at  public  expense ;  and 
on  the  passage  of  this  suicidal  law,  near  ten  millions  of  dollars  Avere  appro- 
priated for  building  a  network  of  railroads  all  over  the  State,  and  work  was 
actually  commenced  on  them  at  various  points.  The  scheme  bankrupted  the 
State,  and,  for  nineteen  years,  Illinois  paid  neither  principal  nor  interest  on  her 
indebtedness. 

Emigrants  avoided  a  State  thus  incumbered ;  and  one  cliief  source  of  ready 
money  (that  brought  by  new  comers)  Avas  denied  to  us.  But  the  pioneers  of 
Livingston,  in  this  extremity,  showed  pluck  and  energy  worthy  of  record. 
There  being  no  market  for  anything  in  the  interior  of  the  State,  they,  with  their 
ox-teams,  hauled  their  produce  to  Chicago,  and  even  drove  their  hogs  across  the 
pathless  prairie  to  that  point. 

Joseph  C.  Morrison,  who  frequently  made  the  trip  with  a  drove  of  hogs,  tells 
us  that  it  Avas  accomplished  in  the  foUoAving  manner  :  A  number  of  farmers 
Avould  collect  their  hogs  and  start  on  the  journey,  agreeing  to  feed  the  hogs  at 
night  by  tarns,  each  in   succession   returning  to   his   home  for  a  load  of  corn, 


.^ 


f        "i  -is-^S,'^- 


W 


PONTIAC 


^ 


AfNlVtiv^i  I  I  iiuib 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  241 

from  which  the  hogs  were  fed  upon  his  again  coining  up  with  the  drove ;  and 
thus,  by  relieving  each  other,  they  accomplished  wliat  would  otherwise  have  been 
an  impossible  task. 

When  the  slaughter  house  was  reached,  the  hogs  were  dressed  for  the  offal, 
and  the  dressed  hogs  were  put  upon  the  market :  tliose  weighing  200  and  oveV 
generally  selling  at  $1.50  per  hundred,  and  those  weighing  less  at  $1.00  per 
hundred.  A  farmer  made  but  one  such  trip  during  the  year,  and  brought  home 
with  him  the  absolute  necessaries  of  life. 

The  first  mill  erected  in  the  county  was  run  by  horse  power.  It  was  built 
by  Garrett  M.  Blue,  near  his  residence,  in  Rook's  Creek  Township,  This  was 
justly  considered  by  the  early  settlers,  as  a  most  valuable  acquisition  to  the 
institutions  of  the  county.  The  bolting  was  done  by  tacking  a  yard  of  fine 
muslin  on  a  frame,  and  through  this  was  rubbed,  by  the  hand,  small  portions 
of  the  crushed  wheat. 

In  1838,  the  saw-mill  at  Pontiac  was  erected  by  C.  H.  Perry  and  James 
McKee,  but  a  grist-mill  was  not  attached  for  some  years. 

John  Foster,  who  resides  with  his  son  Robert,  at  Pontiac,  is  the  oldest  set- 
tler in  that  part  of  the  county.  He  reached  that  point  from  Cayuga  County, 
New  York,  in  1836.  Two  deserted  cabins  were  then  the  only  buildings  on  the 
site  of  the  now^  flourishing  city.  The  land  was  then  considered  too  low  and 
swampy  to  be  habitable.  Foster  saAv  the  toAvn  laid  out,  and  took  the  contract 
for  building  the  first  Court  House,  the  price  agreed  upon  being  $800.  The 
building  is  still  standing  near  the  M.  E.  Church,  and  is  owned  by  Jacob  Strea- 
mer and  leased  to  the  city  for  various  purposes.  Foster  also  kept  the  first 
hotel,  and,  in  the  early  days,  he  entertained  the  Judge,  attorneys,  juries  and 
litigants  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  parties  concerned. 

In  order  to  maintain  his  reputation  as  a  landlord,  he  would,  when  a  term  of 
the  Circuit  Coui't  was  approaching,  go  out  into  the  country  and  borrow  bed- 
steads, beds  and  bedding,  and  what  crockery  there  was  to  loan.  This  manner 
of  procedure  worked  very  well  for  a  time,  but  on  one  occasion,  the  portly  Judge 
David  Davis,  who  had  perhaps  retired  to  rest  with  a  heavy  case  on  his  mind, 
occupied  one  of  the  borrowed  bedsteads,  and  he  quashed  it.  The  Judge  was 
rescued  from  the  debris  by  friendly  hands ;  but  the  bedstead,  as  a  bedstead, 
had  lost  its  usefulness,  and  thereafter  Foster  found  some  difficulty  in  inducing 
his  neighbors  to  loan  furniture. 

Foster,  on  these  occasions,  entertained  Douglas,  Lincoln,  and  other  distin- 
guished lawyers,  for  the  attorneys  follow'ed  the  judge  from  county  to  county. 
Lincoln,  during  one  term  of  court  paid  his  hotel  bill  by  attending  to  a  suit,  in 
which  Foster,  as  Constable,  was  concerned  in  the  replevin  of  some  goods  "taken 
on  execution.  Lincoln  gained  the  case,  and  Uncle  John  formed  a  high  opinion  of 
his  new  boarder.  Foster's  recollections  of  these  early  days  are  vivid  and  interesting. 

The  amounts  of  revenue  levied  and  collected  during  the  first  four  vears  of 
the  county's  existence,  commencing  with  the  year  1837,  are  as  follows :    First 


242  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

year,  $113.71 ;    second  year,  $109.80  ;    third  year,  $180.56  ;    and  the  fourth 
year,  $166.26. 

When  it  is  recorded  that  the  levy  in  the  county  for  the  year  1877  is 
about  $400,000,  the  figures  in  the  former  years  are  as  astonishing  as  the  fig- 
ures in  the  latter  year  are  astounding. 

The  first  post  office  was  that  established  in  Pontiac,  in  1837,  and  Cornelius 
W.  Reynolds  was  the  first  Postmaster. 

Letter  postage  was  then  twenty-five  cents,  payable  either  on  mailing  the  let- 
ter or  at  the  office  where  it  was  received. 

No  inconsiderable  number  of  letters  came  to  the  office  unpaid,  and  such  was 
the  scarcity  of  money  that  some  of  them  would  remain  in  the  office  for  weeks 
and  even  months,  before  they  could  be  taken  out  and  paid  for. 

Martin  A.  Newman  was  the  first  Route  Agent.  He  traveled  on  horseback 
from  OttaAva  to  Bloomington,  by  way  of  Pontiac  and  Lexington,  and  made  a 
trip  in  two  weeks. 

The  first  Court  House  was  erected  in  1839-40,  by  Henry  Weed,  Lucius 
Young  and  Seth  W.  Young.  It  Avas  accepted  from  them,  and  a  bond  of 
$3,000  surrendered,  in  which  they  had  stipulated  to  erect  the  house  at  their 
own  expense,  provided  the  county  seat  was  located  on  the  land  selected  by 
them. 

The  second  Court  House  was  erected  under  the  county  judgeship  of  Billings 
P.  Babcock,  and  was  as  good  a  building  as  could  be  erected  at  that  time  for  the 
money  expended.  Judge  Babcock  gave  the  same  particular  care  to  every  item  of 
its  material  and  construction  that  he  displays  in  his  own  financial  affairs. 

The  previous  year.  Judge  Henry  Jones  erected,  at  Pontiac,  the  first  brick 
building  ever  erected  in  the  county.  It  is  the  one  that  has  recently  been  remod- 
eled, and  is  now  occupied  as  a  residence  by  Joseph  P.  Turner.  The  brick  of 
which  it  was  composed  were  purchased  at  Bloomington  and  hauled  to  Pontiac  ; 
and,  in  stipulating  with  the  contractors,  Judge  Babcock  required  the  brick  to  be 
of  as  good  quality  as  the  material  used  in  the  building  of  this  house.  This 
opened  up  a  new  industry,  and  the  first  bricks  were  made  during  the  same 
year. 

The  building  was  two  stories  high,  having  offices  for  the  Circuit  Clerk, 
County  Clerk,  Sheriff  and  Treasurer  on  the  first  floor,  and  the  court  room  and 
jury  room  on  the  second  floor.  In  1871,  a  fire-proof  vault,  in  an  added  wing, 
was  completed. 

On  the  4th  day  of  July,  1874,  this  building  was  destroyed  by  fire,  together 
with  Union  Block  and  the  Phoenix  Hotel. 

The  present  Court  House  was  erected  the  following  year,  and  was  com- 
pleted in  the  month  of  December,  and  dedicated  by  the  first  Old  Settlers'  meet- 
ing. This  structure  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  State.  J.  C.  Cochrane,  of  Chi- 
cago, was  the  architect,  and  the  contract  for  building  Avas  awarded  to  Colvin, 
Clark  &  Co.,  of  Ottawa. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  243 

To  the  Building  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  is  due  an  honora- 
ble mention  for  the  honest  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which  they  discharged 
their  duty,  in  this  connection.  The  names  of  these  gentlemen  Avere  Jar^es  E. 
Morrow.  Edson  Wilder,  Jacob  Phillips,  E.  G.  Greenwood,  Wm.  S.  Sims  and  J. 
B.  Parsons.     The  entire  cost  of  the  building  and  furniture  Avas  |75,000. 

The  first  jail  was  built  at  Pontiac  in  1866.  Previous  to  that  time,  the  pris- 
oners of  the  county  were  kept  at  Joliet,  Ottawa  or  Blooraington,  where  such 
conveniences  of  civilization  existed.  In  that  year,  a  good  substantial  stone  jail 
was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $18,000. 

The  first  county  election  was  at  the  residence  of  Andrew  McMillan,  a  mile 
northwest  from  Budd's  Mill,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Vermilion. 

The  first  County  Commissioners  and  the  first  Sheriff"  performed  the  duties 
of  their  offices  without  any  authority  from  the  State,  and,  as  they  are  all  dead,  the 
manner  in  which  they  obtained  any  authority  to  act  will,  perhaps,  remain  a  mystery 

The  ancient  archives  of  the  county  contain  no  certificate  of  election  or  other 
evidence  that  they  held  their  offices  by  virtue  of  either  election  or  appointment. 
The  records  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  have  also  been  ransacked  to  discover,  if 
possible,  a  clue  to  the  matter ;  but  nothing  appears  to  indicate  that  either  these 
or  any  other  officers,  previous  to  18oS,  were  legally  qualified  to  act.  In  this 
year,  Nicholas  Hefner  was  duly  elected  and  qualified  to  act  as  Sheriff". 

It  is  known,  however,  that  the  form  of  an  election  had  been  observed,  and 
that  Joseph  Reynolds  had  been  declared  Sheriff",  and  the  Board  of  Commission- 
ers had  appointed  him  Collector  of  Taxes  ;  and  as  no  one  desired  to  hold  office 
in  those  days,  no  investigating  committee  inquired  into  the  irregularity.  The 
first  marriage  license  issued  in  the  county  was  made  out  by  H.  W.  Beard,  Clerk 
of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court,  and  it  was,  no  doubt,  intended  to  authorize 
Mr.  Williamson  Spence  and  Miss  Mary  Darnall  to  solemnize  a  marriage ;  but 
so  far  as  the  record  goes,  it  only  authorized  the  marriage  of  Williamson  to  Miss 
Mary  Darnall ;  so  that,  so  far  as  the  record  has  anything  to  do  with  the  matter, 
the  descendants  of  Spence  are  all  Williamsons.  It  is  not  improlxxble  that  this 
clerk — H.  W.  Beard — was  an  old  bachelor,  and  took  delight  in  mutilating  mar- 
riage licenses ;  for  the  next  license  authorized  Simeon  Mad,  instead  of  Simeon 
Madden,  to  marry  Elizabeth  Rutherford. 

Since'  that  period,  6,000  marriages  have  been  authorized  by  the  various 
County  Clerks. 

Samuel  C.  Ladd  came  to  Pontiac  from  Connecticut  in  October,  1842.  Only 
two  houses  remain  in  Pontiac,  which  had  been  erected  previous  to  his  coming. 
One  of  these,  is  the  old  Court  House,  and  the  other  is  the  building  now  occupied 
■  by  Samuel  Mossholder  as  a  dwelling.  Seth  W.  Young  Avas  the  fii'st  man  to 
erect  a  house  on  the  site  of  the  city  of  Pontiac.  He  died  at  this  place,  as  also 
did  his  brother,  Lucius  Young.  They  were  interested  with  Henry  Weed  in 
securing  the  location  of  the  county  seat  at  this  point,  and  after  their  death,  C 
H.  Perry,  Henry  Stephens,  Samuel  C.  Ladd  and  some  others  became  interested 


244  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

C.  H.  Perry  brought  the  first  stock  of  goods  to  the  county,  b^  before  he 
was  established  in  business,  S.  C.  Ladd  bought  him  out.  About  this  time,  Mr. 
Ladd  entered  into  partnership  with  Willet  Gray,  and  they  purchased  James 
McKee's  interest  in  the  mill.  Their  store  stood  on  the  banks  of  the  river  near 
where  Robert  Aerl's  feed  yard  noAv  is.  Ladd  soon  after  erected  a  frame  business 
building  on  the  present  site  of  Gunsul's  livery  stable;  and,  for  several  years, 
he  and  Gray,  were  the  only  resident  merchants  of  the  county.  These  mer- 
chants secured  the  services  of  John  A.  Fellows  as  salesman,  and  he  was  so 
popular  that  it  was  said  of  him  that  "he  drew  all  the  trade  of  the  Vermilion 
Valley,  and  would  have  drawn  more  if  the  valley  had  been  longer."  C.  H.  Perry 
was  then  the  capitalist.  He  brought  to  the  place  the  first  piano,  the  first  "store 
carpet  "  and  the  first  looking  glass.  His  residence  was  a  log  cabin,  and  it  used 
to  be  told  how  a  horse  once  walked  in  at  the  open  door,  and  stood  surveying 
himself  in  Perry's  looking  glass,  while  he  fought  flies  with  his  natural  protector. 
The  piano  remained  the  only  musical  instrument  of  its  kind  in  the  county  until 
Perry  removed  to  Iowa  and  took  it  with  him,  and  it  was  many  years  before  its 
place  was  filled. 

Samuel  C.  Ladd  was,  at  once,  an  able  and  popular  man.  He  has  held  the 
offices  of  Circuit  Clerk,  County  Clerk,  Recorder  and  Postmaster ;  and,  in  later 
years,  he  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  and  filled  the  office  accept- 
ably, from  1863  to  1869. 

Emsley  Pope,  the  pioneer  of  Newtown,  was  born  in  Rowan  County,  North 
Carolina,  in  the  year  1797,  and  removed  with  his  farther  to  Champaign  County, 
Ohio,  in  1810.  His  father  enlisted  in  the  war  of  1812,  but  was  prevented  from 
serving  by  sickness.  Young  Pope,  then  but  15  years  of  age,  begged  permission 
to  go  as  his  father's  substitute,  and,  permission  being  given,  he  shouldered  his 
musket  and  served  during  the  war. 

When  peace  was  restored,  he  resided  with  his  father  until  1836,  when  he 
was  married  and  came  to  this  State,  and  located  upon  the  identical  piece  of 
ground  upon  which  he  has  ever  since  resided.  His  house,  a  double  log  cabin, 
erected  forty-three  years  ago,  still  serves  him  for  a  residence ;  and,  with  the 
exception  of  repairs  to  the  roof,  it  has  remained  without  alteration  from  the 
date  of  its  erection  to  the  present  time.  The  only  tools  used  in  its  construction 
were  an  axe,  a  saw  and  an  auger.  The  boards  composing  the  roof  are  held  in 
place  by  logs  upon  them,  through  Avhich  wooden  pins  are  passed  into  the  raft- 
ers. The  flooring  is  also  secured  by  wooden  pins,  as  are  also  the  door  and  win- 
dow frames.  The  flooring  and  ceiling  were  hewn  out ;  and  the  chimney  was 
built  of  stone  taken  from  the  stream  near  by. 

Pope's  Spring,  from  which  hundreds  of  red  men  have  slaked  their  thirst, 
furnishes  the  family  with  an  abundant  supply  of  excellent  Avater. 

For  a  number  of  years  after  his  arrival,  his  family,  together  with  the  families 
of  Daniel  Barrackman,  Samuel  Brumfield  and  Amos  Lundy  constituted  the 
entire  community.     Their  market  was  Chicago. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  245 

In  the  Fall  of  the  year,  Pope,  Brumfield,  Barrackraan  and  Lundy  would 
form  a  company  for  mutual  benefit  and  protection  ;  and  each  man,  with  his  rifle 
and  ox-team  drawing  a  load  of  corn,  would  start  for  this  distant  market,  making 
calculations  to  be  absent  from  home  for  ten  or  twelve  days.  On  the  route,  the 
company  camped  where  night  overtook  them,  and  they  never  slept  under  a  roof 
from  the  time  of  their  departure  to  the  time  of  their  return.  There  was  at 
that  time  not  even  an  Indian  trail  leading  from  that  point  to  Chicago,  but  these 
pioneers  took  their  way  over  the  unbroken  prairie,  guided  by  signs  and  indica- 
tions which  never  led  them  astray.  Thirty  bushels  of  corn  was  their  average 
load;  and  for  this,  on  their  arrival  at  market,  they  received  12|  cents  per 
bushel,  and  only  on  one  or  two  occasions  did  they  receive  as  high  as  15  cents. 
They  rarely  made  more  than  two  such  trips  in  a  year ;  and  the  $6,  $8  or  $10 
which  they  thus  received  was  all  the  money  they  handled  during  the  year,  and 
most  of  this  was  spent  in  purchasing  supplies  in  Chicago. 

Pope  was  intimately  acquainted  with  old  Shabbona,  the  Pattawatomie  chief, 
and  holds  his  memory  in  great  respect,  and  says  that  no  white  man  was  more 
welcome  at  his  cabin  than  this  Indian. 

This  kindly  feeling  was  doubtless  reciprocated  on  the  part  of  the  red  man, 
for  he  frequently  pitched  his  tent  near  Pope's  cabin,  on  his  hunting  excursions 
along  the  banks  of  the  Vermilion. 

Wild  turkevs  and  deer  abounded,  and  when  Chief  Shabbona  was  successful  in 
the  chase,  the  spoils  were  generously  divided  with  his  white  friend  ;  and  his 
coming  was  looked  forAvard  to  with  pleasant  anticipations  of  a  good  time,  and 
his  departure  was  regretted. 

On  one  of  these  occasions,  Shabbona  and  the  twelve  Indian  hunters  who 
accompanied  him,  killed  fifty  deer,  within  a  circuit  of  three  miles,  taking  Pope's 
cabin  as  a  center.  This  Chief  must  have  been,  in  many  respects,  a  remarkable 
man,  as  every  pioneer  who  Avas  acquainted  with  him  bears  witness  to  his  char- 
acter for  upright  and  lionorable  dealing.  This  speaks  volumes  for  Shabbona,  as 
the  whites  at  this  time  were  not  disposed  to  regard  the  Indians  with  a  favorable 
eye.  Pope  is  still  a  hale  and  active  old  man,  and  will  tell  you,  in  speaking  of 
the  early  period,  that  the  pioneers  enjoyed  themselves  fully  as  well  as  people  do 
at  the  present  day.  His  early  friends  and  neighbors  have  long  since  passed 
away,  while  he  remains,  a  link  connecting  the  present  with  the  past.  He  is 
cheerful,  hopeful  and  perfectly  contented  with  his  lot.  He  is  the  father  of  four- 
teen children,  many  of  whom  are  living  and  are  honorable  members  of  societ3\ 
Pope  is  much  i-espected  in  his  neighborhood,  and  he  will  doubtless  spend  the 
remainder  of  his  days  in  the  county  which  he  has  seen  transformed  from  a  wil- 
d(rness  to  one  of  the  finest  agricultural  districts  in  the  State. 

Martin  A.  Newman,  of  Newtown,  justly  claims  to  be  the  pioneer  merchant  of 
the  county.  He  was  born  in  Vermilion  County  in  1818,  and  removed  to  Ottawa  in 
1838.  In  the  year  1847,  he  made  a  tour  of  discovery  through  Livingston  County, 
and  found  that  there  was  not  a  store  of  any  kind  within  its  borders.    He  returned' 


246  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

to  Ottawa  and  fitted  up  a  peddling  wagon,  filling  it  with  a  great  variety  of 
merchandise,  from  a  needle  to  a  wash  tub,  and,  with  this  traveling  establishment, 
he  visited  every  family  in  the  county,  once  in  every  month  of  the  year.  In 
exchange  for  his  goods,  he  took  from  his  customers  deer-skins,  mink-skins, 
ginseng  root,  feathers  and  many  other  articles.  He  was  a  great  favorite,  and 
soon  built  up  an  extensive  and  lucrative  business.  When  he  was  on  his  rounds, 
couriers  would  be  sent  out  to  ascertain  when  he  would  be  at  a  particular  point, 
so  that  the  products  of  the  country  might  be  gathered,  in  readiness  for 
exchange. 

In  the  Fall  of  1847,  he  purchased  of  John  and  Theodore  Popejoy  the  skins 
of  fifty-four  deer,  which  they  had  killed  in  Avoca  Townshij).  In  July  of  the 
same  year,  Joseph  C.  Morrison,  who  has  before  been  mentioned,  and  who  was 
the  young  man  of  the  period  and  the  leader  of  fashion,  gave  Newman  an  order 
to  bring  him,  from  Ottawa,  a  full  suit  of  real  linen  clothes.  It  was  strictly 
stipulated  that  the  clothes  should  be  delivered  by  the  3d,  as  there  was  to  be  a 
grand  ball  in  Avoca  on  the  4th,  and  the  dress  suit  was  ordered  for  that  occasion. 
Newman  made  the  trip,  executed  the  commission,  and  duly  arrived  in  Pontiac 
on  the  3d,  Morrison  was  so  well  pleased  with  the  fit  and  the  price  that  he 
gave  Newman  an  invitation  to  the  ball ;  and  his  attendance  was  most  opportune, 
for  the  violinist  hired  for  the  occasion  got  tired,  and  Newman  had  to  fill  his 
place,  which  he  did,  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  parties.  When  Newman  now  meets 
one  of  his  old  customers,  it  is  pleasant  to  see  the  kindly  look  and  hearty  hand- 
shake that  passes  between  them  as  the  recollections  of  the  past  are  called  up. 

There  is  much  that  might  be  added  concerning  many  others  who  helped  to 
develop  this  great  county,  which  is  necessarily  omitted. 

There  was  Nelson  Buck,  who  loved  his  profession  as  he  did  his  life ;  and 
Jacob  Streamer,  who  has  long  been  a  resident,  and  is  well  known  throughout 
the  county.  He  has  collected  all  local  statistics  and  incidents  sufficient  to 
fill  a  volume.  0.  B.  Wheeler  commenced  business  by  buying  a  steer  for  |5, 
taking  it  to  Chicago,  dressing  it  and  selling  the  meat  for  |7.50.  This  started  him 
in  business,  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  wealthy  men  of  the  county. 

The  mention  of  Morgan  L.  Payne  must  not  be  omitted,  as  he  was  an  old 
and  well  known  resident.  He  was  Captain  of  a  company  in  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  and  performed  distinguished  service.  He  was  a  Texas  Ranger  when  the 
war  between  Mexico  and  this  Government  was  declared,  and  was  in  the  first 
battle  under  Gen.  Taylor,  on  the  Rio  Grande.  When  the  time  of  his  enlist- 
ment as  a  ranger  expired,  he  returned  to  Greenboro,  Indiana,  and  raised  a 
company  of  militia ;  and  returning  to  Mexico,  he  served  during  the  war.  He 
was  at  the  taking  of  Monterey,  and  the  battle  of  the  City  of  Mexico.  He 
received  an  honorable  discharge,  and  afterward  filled  many  positions  of  public 
trust.  When  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  was  inaugurated,  he  raised  a  company 
of  men  in  this  county,  was  again  elected  and  commissioned  Captain,  and  served 
l)js  country  faithfully.      This  hero. of  three  wars  died  at  Pontiac,  of  cancer,  in 


HISTORV  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  247 

1878.  He  was  a  man  of  fiery  and  impetuous  energy  that  overcame  all  obstacles 
with  which  he  came  in  contact.  He  had  many  warm  personal  friends,  who 
cherish  his  memory. 

Isaac  Wilson,  who  is  still  living,  is  distinguished  as  one  of  the  litigants  in 
the  first  law  suit  in  the  Circuit  Court.  William  Strawn,  who  resides  at  Odell 
was  a  personal  friend  of  Old  John  Brown,  whose  "  soul  goes  marching  on." 
Strawn  fought  by  his  side  in  Kansas.  He  was  one  of  the  charter  members  of 
the  "underground  railroad"  through  Livingston  County,  over  which  many  a 
negro  traveled  on  his  way  to  Canada. 

Pontiac  has  grown  to  be  a  beautiful  city  of  near  four  thousand  inhabitants. 
A  few  of  her  old  stagers  still  remain,  but,  in  the  course  of  nature,  they  must 
soon  pass  away.     Their  view  of  the  present  situation  is  best  expressed  by  the 

following : 

OLD    STAGER'S    SOLILO(jUY. 

A  good  many  strangers  are  coming  here  now, 

As  I  told  Eli  Davis  to-day  ; 
New  forms  and  new  faces  will  make  us  think  how 

We  old  ones  are  passing  away. 

The  town  is  improving,  and  growing  so  fast 

Old  landmarks  are  fading  from  view. 
And  whichever  way  my  glances  I  cast. 

My  old  eyes  can  see  something  new. 

The  churches,  six  of  them,  with  carpets  and  pews, 

With  paid  preachers  to  manage  the  works  ! 
Elder  Stubbles,  in  them  days,  preached  the  glad  news 

'Till  he  gave  the  people  the   "jerks." 

And  the  Phrenix,  all  brick  and  three  stories  high, 

With  basement — it  cuts  such  a  swell  ; 
As  I  think  of  the  days  forever  passed  by. 

When  Willet  Gray  kept  a  hotel. 

And  the  Post  Office,  too,  is  wonderful  now, 

With  drawers  and  lock  boxes  and  that ; 
Why,  I  can  remember  distinctly  just  how 
Jerome  carried  the  thing  in  his  hat. 

And  them  Indian  signs  where  they  sell  the  cigars, 

Lord !  once  we  were  thankful  for  pipes, 
When  we  heard  not  the  rumble  of  railroad  cars. 

And  Ladd  went  hunting  for  snipes. 

And  fancy  saloons,  with  wine,  rum  and  gin, 

And  little  back  rooms  all  so  snug ; 
Why,  once  we  were  glad  to  take  our  whisky  in 

From  the  neck  of  a  little  brown  jug. 

And  croquet  and  billiards  and  such  games  as  these 

Have  banished  the  old  games  from  sight ; 
Then,  on  boxes  and  kegs,  we  sat  at  our  ease 

And  played  good  old  poker  all  night. 


248 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


A  good  many  strangers  are  coming  here  now, 
As  I  told  Eli  Davis  to-day  ; 
^  New  forms  and  new  faces  will  make  us  think  how 

We  old  ones  are  passing  away. 
The  fifth  verse  of  the  above  requires  the  following  explanation  :  Jerome 
Garner  was  the  second  Postmaster  at  Pontiac,  and  when  he  received  his  appoint- 
ment he  purchased  a  bell-crowned  stove-pipe  hat,  and  in  it  he  kept  all  mail 
matter  which  arrived  at  this  point.  He  was  extremely  fond  of  fishing ;  and 
when  any  one  was  desirous  of  mailing  a  letter  or  expecting  to  receive  one,  it 
was  necessary  to  seek  for  Jerome  up  or  down  the  Vermilion  until  he  was  found, 
when  he  would  take  off  his  hat,  perform  his  official  duties,  and  then  return  it  to 
his  head. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    COURT  HOUSE    BELL. 
In  Troy,  New  York,  the  bell  was  bought ; 
"Out  West,"  to  Chicago,  the  bell  was  brought. 

In  "Eighteen  Sixty"  the  bell  came  down, 
For  the  Methodist  Church  in  our  little  town. 

A  Methodist  bell,  its  voice  rang  out 
With  a  martial  ring  and  a  joyous  shout, 

As  high  it  hung  in  the  belfry  there, 
Calling  the  people  to  sermon  and  prayer. 

Till  the  church  grew  small  for  the  growing  throng, 
Who  came  at  the  call  of  its  bold,  "ding  dong." 

Then  the  house  was  sold  to  "  The  Band  and  Gown," 
And  the  bell  from  the  belfry  was  handed  down, 

And  placed  on  high  in  the  Court  House  steeple. 
Then  sold  to  the  county— a  bell  for  the  people. 

As  of  yore,  it  did  its  duty  well, 

In  its  new  position  of  "  Court  House  bell." 

It  called  the  lawyers  to  wordy  fray— 
They  came  to  spout,  and  remained  to  P^ey. 

It  startled  the  ear  of  the  Court  House  rats, 
As  it  summoned  the  Supervisor  cats  ; 

Saying,  "Walk  to  your  Council  Chamber,  please. 
And  examine  the  state  of  the  public  cheese." 

It  spoke  when  political  hacks  came  by, 
To  preach  for  truth  some  ancient  lie. 

It  rang  for  joy,  when  the  first  glad  ray 
In  the  east  proclaimed  our  Natal  Day. 

It  shrieked  aloud  when  the  tire  fiend  came. 
And  called  the  people  to  fight  the  flame. 

Solemn  and  slow  was  its  measured  toll, 
As  it  rang  the  knell  of  the  parting  soul. 

Slow  and  solemn  its  measured  beat. 
When  funeral  pall  and  marching  feet 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  249 

Went  by  with  the  dead,  and  the  last  farewell 
Was  heard  from  the  throat  of  the  sobbing  bell. 

But  July  the  Fourth  of  •'Seventy-Four,'" 
It  rang  at  noon  to  ring  no  more. 

And  the  tones  that  came  from  the  quivering  bell 
Were  the  tones  of  its  own  funeral  knell. 

For  Union  Block,  our  city's  pride, 
Was  bathed  in  a  fiercely  rolling  tide 

Of  lurid,  hungry  flames,  that  clasped 
The  city's  heart  within  its  grasp  ; 

And  a  fiend  that  lay  in  the  doomed  hotel. 
Glared  hot  and  fierce  on  the  Court  House  bell. 

With  a  tiger" s  spring  and  a  tongue  of  flame, 
Across  the  chasm  the  fire  fiend  came. 

On  the  Court  House  roof,  with  fiery  claws, 
He  sprang  as  the  springing  lion  draws 
His  prey  to  the  earth,  then  clasped  the  bell. 
To  his  fiery  breast,  till  it,  tottering,  fell 
To  the  earth  below,  with  burning  beam, 
And  blazing  rafter,  till  a  stream 

Of  molten  metal  came  out  to  tell 

The  end  of  the  Pontiac  Court  House  bell. 

OLD    settlers'    ASSOCIATION. 

In  the  year  1875,  when  the  new  Court  House  was  completed,  it  was  deter- 
mined by  the  old  settlers  throughout  the  county  that  a  grand  re-union  should  be 
held  and  the  new  building  properly  dedicated.  A  preliminary  meeting  was 
called  at  the  fair  ground  early  in  the  Fall  of  the  year,  at  which  C.  B.  Ostrander 
presided,  and  John  A.  Fellows  was  appointed  Secretary. 

The  30th  of  December  was  the  day  fixed  upon  for  the  re-union,  and  com- 
mittees of  arrangements  were  appointed  in  every  township  in  the  county.  On 
the  day  appointed,  the  old  settlers  turned  out  en  masse.  Tables,  capable  of 
seating  fifteen  hundred  people,  had  been  prepared  by  the  citizens  of  Pontiac, 
and  these  were  all  filled.  James  McDowell  was  President  of  the  day,  and 
John  A.  Fellows,  Secretary.  An  address  of  welcome  was  delivered  by  Nathan- 
iel J.  Pillsbury.  Letters  were  read  from  Judge  Treat,  who  held  the  first  term  of 
court  in  Pontiac,  and  from  Hon.  David  Davis  and  Jesse  W.  Fell.  0.  F.  Pearre, 
who  had  been  requested  to  furnish  a  poem  for  the  occasion,  read  the  following 

ADDRESS  TO  THE  OLD  SETTLERS  OF  LIVINGSTON: 
One  hundred  years  ago  to-day. 
The  British  troops  in  Boston  lay ; 
Our  sires  then  hardly  thought  that  they 

Would  found  a  Nation 
Whose  ships  would  whiten  many  seas, 
Whose  flag  should  float  on  every  breeze, 
Whose  armies  could  maintain  with  ease 

Her  lofty  station. 


250  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

And  in  that  hundred  years  ago. 
The  deer,  the  wolf,  the  butfalo, 
-     «  At  will  went  roaming  to  and  fro 

Where  now  our  county 
Spreads  out  one  vast  and  fertile  plain 
Of  golden  corn  and  waving  grain, 
Rejoicing  'neath  a  constant  rain 
Of  Heaven's  bounty. 

Yea,  men  now  sitting  in  this  hall 
In  mem'ry  can  the  time  recall 
When  nature  brooded  over  all ; 
When  was  unbroken 
The  solitude  that  wrapped  the  land 
Where  now  our  smiling  cities  stand, 
When  silence  reigned  on  every  hand, 
^  And  gave  no  token. 

Save  by  the  hooting  of  the  owl. 
The  clangor  of  the  water  fowl, 
The  red  deer's  signal  or  the  howl 

Of  gray  wolf,  weary 
In  searching  for  his  scanty  food, 
Save  where,  perhaps,  some  cabin  rude 
Seemed  on  the  lonely  scene  to  brood, 
And  served  to  point  the  solitude 

So  lone  and  dreary. 

Oliver,  Cummings,  these  can  tell, 
Wilson,  McDowell  and  Darnell ; 
John  Johnson  knows  the  story  well, 

The  quaint  old  story  : 
How  Chief  Shabbona  and  his  band 
Kindled  their  camp  fires  on  the  strand 
Of  fair  Vermilion,  when  the  land 
Stood  robed  by  virgin  Nature's  hand 

In  pristine  glory. 

Peace  to  thy  shade  ;  Shabbona,  rest; 
A  warm,  true  heart  beat  in  thy  breast ; 
The  white  man's  friend  you  stood  confessed. 
Among  the  bravest,  truest,  best. 

Of  those  we  mention. 
Thy  name  deserves  a  worthy  place. 
Brave  chieftain  of  a  warlike  race, 
Hist'ry  accords  thee  little  space  ; 
I  would  more  worthy  pen  could  trace^ 
Thy  fame,  and,  with  befitting  grace. 

Thy  virtues  mention. 

But,  ah  :   what  mighty  change  has  passed 
Since  the  brave  Chief  Shabbona  last 
Upon  the  stage  his  vision  cast. 

What  grandeur  looming 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Is  this  through  which  Vermilion  flows 
From  early  morn  to  evening's  close : 
Through  towns  and  farms  the  tra\'ler  goes, 
Where  fifty  thousand  souls  repose  ; 
The  desert  blossoms  like  the  Rose 
Of  Sharon  blooming. 

Not  Homer  in  his  valiant  crew 
Could  mention  more  good  men  and  true ; 
McMillen,  Breckenridge  and  Blue, 
McDowell  and  Tuttle,  Campbell,  too, 

And  other  worthies  not  a  few. 
Ye  pioneers,  it  is  to  you 
The  debt  of  gratitude  is  due ; 
Ye  builded  wiser  than  ye  knew 

The  broad  foundation 
On  which  our  superstructure  stands  ; 
Your  strong  right  arms  ami  willing  hands, 
Your  earnest  eflFort  still  commands 

Our  veneration ! 

And  you,  who  yet  upon  the  shore 
Of  Time  remain,  strike  hands  once  more. 
To-day  recount  your  trials  o'er. 
Repeat  to  us,  from  out  your  s»ore, 
The  legions  and  the  early  lore. 

Repeating 
The  name  of  Ruramery,  he  who  found 
That  famous  railroad  under  ground  ; 
Then  pass  the  name  of  Corey  round, 
Cornell  and  Sprague,  their  praises  sound  ; 
Ladd,  Dehner,  Fellows,  Fyfe,  profound 
On  finance,  Spafford,  such  names  sound 

In  greeting. 

We  point  to  you,  old  friends,  and  say 
The  heat  and  burden  of  the  day 
You  bore,  and  in  an  earnest  way 

We  meet  you. 
Well  pleased,  indeed,  to  see  you  stand. 
On  this  glad  day,  a  gallant  band. 

Whose  hands  have  wrought,  whose  brains  have  planned 
Such  vast  improvement  in  the  land  ; 
With  beating  heart  and  open  hand. 

We  greet  you ! 


251 


After  these  exercises,  various  old  settlers  made  short  addresses,  and  the  day 
was  spent  in  relating  incidents  and  anecdotes  of  the  early  days,  and  a  regular 
Old  Settlers'  Association  was  formed. 

The  second  meeting  was  held  on  the  fair  grounds  in  September,  1876.  The 
third  meeting  was  held  at  Fairbury,  September  4,  1877,  and  was  largely 
attended.  The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  James  McDowell, 
and  Dr.  Fraley  delivered  an  address  of  welcome.     Hon.  Woodford  G.  McDow- 


252  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ell  delivered  a  historical  address,  and  letters  from  various  distingnislied  persons, 
who  visited  the  county  in  an  early  day,  were  read. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  following  year,  were  :  President,  Walter  Cornell; 
Secretary,  John  A.  Fellows ;  Scribe,  David  Murdock ;  Chaplain,  Rev.  James 
Parcells.     The  village  of  Cornell  Avas  chosen  for  its  next  point  of  meeting. 

CHURCHES. 

The  first  religious  organizations  and  buildings  Avere,  of  course,  as  in  all  our 
new  countries,  by  that  glorious  band  of  pious  pioneer  preachers,  the  Methodists. 
There  is  something  so  natural  in  their  doctrines  and  so  artless  in  their  way  of 
advancing  them,  that  the  history  must  be  blind  to  one  of  the  brightest  lights 
which  fails  to  give  these  plain  privates  their  proper  place  in  its  pages. 

From  here  and  there  in  the  log  school  houses,  where  earnest  worshipers 
rdternately  wept,  sung  and  clapped  their  hands,  have  grown  the  full  fruition  of 
all  those  early  hopes  and  prayers. 

The  churches  at  present  organized  Avithin  the  county  are :  Methodist  (by 
Conference  Report  of  1877)— Fairbury,  Fairbury  Circuit  (2),  Forrest,  Chats- 
worth,  Avoca  (2),  Pontiac,  Saunemin,  Rook's  Creek  (2),  Waldo  and  Nebraska 
(3),  Reading  (2),  Cornell  and  Newtown  (2),  Odell,  Nevada,  Dwight ;  total,  14 
charges,  21  churches,  2,561  members.  Value  of  houses  of  worship,  $83,900. 
Number  of  Sunday  schools,  34 ;  scholars,  3,243. 

Presbyterian— Pontiac,  Cayuga,  Dwight,  Union,  Fairbury,  Reading,  Chats- 
worth ;  total,  7.  Membership,  560.  Value  of  church  edifices  (estimated), 
$40,000. 

Baptist— Pontiac  (2),  Dwight  (2),  Odell,  Nebraska,  Fairbury,  Ocoya  ;  total, 
8.     Membership  estimated  at  about  450. 

There  are  six  Christian  churches,  with  an  estimated  membership  of  400. 

There  are  four  Congregational  churches,  with  about  300  members. 

There  are  eight  Roman  Catholic  churches  in  the  county  :  Pontiac,  Nebraska, 
Odell,  Union  (German),  Dwight,  Broughton,  Fairbury,  Chatsworth,  and  a 
station  at  Cornell,  embracing,  in  the  aggregate,  1,135  families,  Avith  probably 
not  less  than  3,500  communicants  Avho  have  received  confirmation. 

There  are  a  few  other  scattering  churches,  or  bare  organizations,  of  which 
statistics  cannot  be  found. 

SOCIETIES. 

There  are  Odd  Fellows'  Lodges  at  Cornell,  Pontiac,  Odell,  Dwight,  Fair- 
bury, Forrest  and  Chatsworth,  eight  in  all,  with  a  membership  of  400,  and 
three  Encampments,  with  100  members. 

There  are  Lodges  of  Master  Masons  at  Pontiac,  84  members ;  Odell,  63 ; 
Dwight,  55;  Fairbury,  101;  Forrest,  40;  Chatsworth,  37;  Ancona,  28;  Cor- 
nell, 14;  Sullivan,  19.     Total,  441. 

There  are  Chapters  of  Royal  Arch  Masons  at  Fairbury  and  at  Odell ;  and 
at  Fairbury  is  a  Commandery  of  the  Knight  Templars. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  253 

PUBLIC    SCHOOLS. 

Number  of  public  schools  sustained 250 

Number  of  persons  between  the  ages  of  6  and  21 13,612 

Number  of  male  pupils  enrolled 5,715 

Number  of  female  pupils  enrolled 5,346 

Number  of  male  teachers 188 

Number  of  female  teachers 289 

Number  of  graded  schools *' 

Whole  amount  received  by  School  Treasurers |152,619  54 

Estimated  value  of  school  property 204,8(5  00 

Principal  of  Township  School  Fund 207,732  31 

Witli   the  exception  of  Cook   County,  Livingston  has  the  kxrgest  township 

school  fund  of  any  county  in  the  State. 

POLITICAL    AND    OFFICIAL    ANNALS. 

COUNTY    ORGANIZATION. 

The  territory  which  is  now  Livingston  County  was,  in  the  first  division  of 
the  State,  a  portion  of  Cook  County.  After  that,  it  became  a  portion  of  Ver- 
milion County,  and  hence  the  name  of  the  river  which  flows  through  it,  which 
had  no  other  reason  for  its  name,  either  in  the  color  of  its  water  or  its  surround- 
ings. Subsequently,  in  the  organization  of  those  counties,  nearly  all  of  it 
became  portions  of  McLean  and  La  Salle,  though  a  portion  remained  attached 
to  Vermilion  until  this  organization.  By  act  of  the  Legislature,  approved 
and  in  force,  February  27,  1837,  Livingston  was  created  a  county  with  its 
present  boundaries.  Its  name  was  suggested  by  Jesse  W.  Fell,  and  was  due  to 
the  popular  esteem  in  which  Edward  Livingston  was  held,  in  consequence  of  his 
being  the  reputed  author  of  President  Jackson's  famous  proclamation  to  the 
South  Carolina  nullifiers,  in  their  first  unseccessful  attempt  to  disrupt  the 
L^nion. 

In  the  act  of  organization,  James  W.  Piatt,  of  Macon  County ;  William  B. 
Peck,  of  Will  County,  and  Thompson  S.  Flint,  of  Tazewell  County,  were 
appointed  Commissioners  to  locate  the  permanent  seat  of  justice;  and  they  were 
to  take  into  consideration  the  convenience  of  the  people,  and  the  situations  of 
the  settlements,  with  an  eye  to  the  future  population. 

Edward  Livingston  was  a  native  of  New  York,  and  one  of  the  prominent 
Livingston  family  of  that  State.  He  removed  to  New  Orleans  on  account  of 
his  health,  and  became  a  leading  lawyer  of  that  city.  He  was  appointed,  by 
President  Jackson,  Minister  to  England,  and  was  recalled  to  take  the  position 
of  Secretary  of  State,  when  Jackson  re-organized  his  Cabinet,  in  consequence 
of  his  quarrel  with  Calhoun.  He  was  popularly  credited  with  being  the  author 
.  of  the  proclamation  which  "Old  Hickory  "  sent  out  against  the  South  Caroli- 
nians, when  they  adopted  the  ordinance  of  nullification.  No  more  worthy 
name  could  have  been  selected  for  this  great  county  than  the  one  popularly  iden- 
tified with  Jackson's  stern  determination  to  maintain  this  Union  under  all 
circumstances. 


254  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

At  this  date,  there  were  no  settlements  to  receive  the  commission  kindly 
vouchsafed  in  the  enabling  act,  except  those  along  the  river  from  Indian  Grove 
to  La  Salle  County  ;  and  the  entire  population  did  not  exceed  450. 

They  were  to  meet  at  the  house  of  Andrew  McMillan,  on  the  Vermilion 
River,  about  four  miles  northwest  of  Avhere  Pontiac  now  stands,  on  the  first 
Monday  in  June,  and  proceed  to  examine  and  determine  upon  a  place  for  the 
permanent  seat  of  justice.  The  county  seat  was  to  be  located  on  government 
land,  or  if  upon  private  land,  then  the  owners  thereof  should  be  required  to 
donate  twenty  acres,  or  the  sum  of  three  thousand  dollars,  the  proceeds  of  the 
land,  or  the  money  in  lieu  thereof,  to  be  used  in  erecting  county  buildings.  The 
Commissioners  met  and  selected  the  ground,  and  accepted  the  offer  of  Henry 
Weed,  Lucius  and  Seth  M.  Young,  who,  as  proprietors  of  the  land,  proposed  to 
give  three  thousand  dollars,  a  block  of  land  two  hundred  feet  square  on  which 
to  put  the  Court  House,  and  an  acre  of  land  not  more  than  thirty  rods  distant 
from  the  Court  House  block,  on  which  a  jail  was  to  be  built,  and  an  estray  pen, 
and  agreed,  further,  to  build  a  good  and  substantial  wagon  bridge  across  the  Ver- 
milion River  at  that  point.  They  gave  their  bond,  signed  by  themselves  as 
principals,  and  C.  H.  Perry,  Avho  was  the  first  merchant  in  the  county,  James 
McKee,  who  Avas  interested  in  the  water  privilege  at  Pontiac,  and  J.  W.  Fell,  as 
sureties  for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  contract. 

By  the  enabling  act,  an  election  was  to  be  held  at  the  house  of  Andrew 
McMillan,  on  the  second  Monday  in  May,  for  a  Sheriff,  Coroner,  Recorder, 
County  Surveyor  and  three  County  Commissioners,  to  serve  until  the  next 
regular  election  in  August,  1838.  This  election  was  held,  and  officers  were 
duly  elected  to  launch  the  new  county  on  the  stormy  sea  of  political  existence : 
Joseph  Reynolds,  Sheriff;  Robert  Breckenridge,  Jonathan  Moore  and  Daniel 
Rockwood,  County  Commissioners,  who  met  May  18,  and  organized,  appoint- 
ing Abram  W.  Beard,  Clerk.  That  there  was  the  usual  amuount  of  log-rolling 
and  managing  to  secure  the  location  of  the  county  seat  is  more  than  probable, 
as  at  the  next  session  of  the  Legislature  held  after  the  location  was  made,  an 
act  was  passed  providing  for  an  election  in  the  new  county  to  determine  whether 
the  county  seat  should  be  changed  from  its  location. 

The  County  Commissioners  for  a  time  held  their  meetings  at  McMillan's. 
There  were  three  voting  precincts  in  the  county ;  the  upper  was  called  Indian 
Grove  ;  the  middle  one  Center,  and  the  one  in  the  northwestern  portion  of  the 
county  Bayou. 

The  Commissioners,  at  their  first  meeting,  ordered  that  ''All  horses  over 
three  years  old,  and  all  horned  cattle  over  three  years  old,  all  sheep  over  one 
year  old,  all  wagons,  carriages,  clocks,  watches,  jacks,  jennies,  mules,  etc.,  are 
considered  as  being  taxable  property,  upon  which  there  shall  be  a  tax  of  ^  per 
cent."  The  Court  also  ordered  that  an  election  should  be  held  in  the  several 
precincts  for  the  election  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  and  Constables,  on  the  24th 
of  June,  and  appointed  John  Recob,  Treasurer,  who  gave  bond  in  $1,000.     At 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  255 

the  session  of  the  Court  July  11th,  Cornelius  W.  Reynolds  was  granted  a 
license  to  keep  a  store  for  a  year  on  payment  of  $5.  Sept.  4th,  Court  appoint- 
ed Matthias  I.  Ross,  Clerk.  Dec.  4th,  James  C.  McMillan  was  appointed  first 
School  Commissioner.  The  Sheriff  having  failed  to  receive  his  commission,  the 
Court  appointed  Joseph  W.  Reynolds,  Collector  of  Taxes. 

At  the  March  term,  1838,  the  Court  prepared  the  first  list  of  grand  and 
petit  jurors,  which  embraced  such  well  known  names  as  Darnall,  Spence,  Moore, 
Isaac  Wilson,  Popejoy,  Blue,  McMillan,  Edgington,  Barrackman,  Boyer,  Nor- 
ton, Moon,  Steere  and  Donah  o,  who,  or  their  representatives,  still  remain  with 
us.  It  is  not  known  that  these  juries  performed  any  duty,  as,  by  the  records 
of  the  Circuit  Court,  no  term  of  Court  was  held  until  October,  1839,  at  which 
Court  there  was  no  Clerk  and  no  grand  or  petit  jury,  the  Clerk,  Henry  Weed, 
having  removed  from  the  county.  Joseph  Reynolds,  Sheriff,  presented  at  this 
term  his  settlement  with  the  Treasurer,  and  presented  a  receipt  for  ^68.71. 

For  the  following  year,  the  Court  added  to  the  taxable  property  "All  town 
lots,  hogs  over  one  year  old,  stock  in  trade,  fiirm  and  household  utensils,  money 
loaned,  houses,  mills  and  factories." 

The  first  general  election  held  in  the  county  was  the  State  election,  the 
first  Monday  in  August,  1838.  At  that  election  there  were  cast  for  Governor: 
For  Cyrus  Edwards,  45  ;  for  Thomas  Carliji,  59.  For  Member  of  Congress — 
S.  A.  Douglas,  62;  J.  T.  Stewart,  46.  For  county  officers,  the  votes  were: 
For  County  Commissioner — Uriah  Springer,  90 :  Albert  Moon,  60  ;  William 
Popejoy,  59  ;  Robert  Breckenridge,  41  ;  Robert  Smith,  29.  For  Sheriff — 
Nicholas  Hefner,  65  ;  Joseph  Reynolds,  31.  For  Coronor — Simeon  Mead, 
45 ;  Ambrose  Sprague,  17.  For  Clerk — James  S.  Munson,  58 ;  Matthias 
Ross,  34.  For  Recorder — James  S.  Munson,  60  ;  Truman  Rutherford,  34. 
For  Surveyor — Isaac  Whitaker,  59  ;  Franklin  Oliver,  41. 

The  county  formed  a  legiflative  district  with  Kane,  De  Kalb,  La  Salle  and 
Iroquois  Counties.  Joseph  H.  Churchill  and  Wm.  Stadden  were  elected  Rep- 
resentatives at  that  election.  John  T.  Stewart  was  elected  to  Congress  from 
this  district,  which  embraced  all  the  State  north  of  Springfield,  the  "  Little 
Giant"'  being  for  the  time  defeated.  In  drawing  for  seats  by  the  County  Com- 
missioners, L'riah  Springer,  Avho  was  absent,  drew  the  three  years  term,  Albert 
Moon  two  years  and  Wm.  Popejoy  one  year.  This  Court  had  more  bills  to  pay 
than  its  predecessor.  Among  them  was  one  to  Henry  Weed  for  "^4.12|  for 
paper,  sand  and  ink,  used  by  him  as  Circuit  Clerk  up  to  this  time."  Just  how 
much  of  it  was  for  sand,  the  bill  fails  to  mention  ;  but  it  should  be  remembered 
in  honor  of  Livingston  County,  that  it  paid  for  the  sand  its  first  Circuit  Clerk 
used.  April  9,  1839,  the  Court  appointed  the  first  Assessors,  one  for  each 
precinct — Robert  Smith  for  Indian  Grove  Precinct,  Andrew  McMillan  for 
Center,  and  John  Dermey  for  Bayou — and  ordered  that  seventy  cents  on  $100 
be  levied  and  collected  on  certain  property,  among  which  is  this  singular  item : 
"  Slaves  and  servants  of  color."     It  is  not  generally  known  that  the  laws   of 


256  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

this  State  at  that  time,  or  at  any  time,  recognized  property  in  human  chat- 
tels, but  such  was  the  revenue  law  of  1839.  Robert  Smith  was  appointed 
School  Commissioner. 

At  the  general  election  in  August,  1839,  Truman  Rutherford  was  elected 
Probate  Justice  of  the  Peace,  an  office  which  had  jurisdiction  in  all  probate 
business ;  Lemuel  White,  County  Commissioner  ;  C.  W.  Reynolds,  Recorder 
and  County  Court  Clerk  ;  Jacob  Moon,  Treasurer ;  Isaac  Burgit,  Coroner ; 
Franklin  Oliver,  Surveyor  ;  W.  G.  Hubbard  and  J.  C.  McMillan,  Justices  of 
the  Peace. 

Eighty-one  votes  were  given  for  and  fifty -six  votes  against  removing  county 
seat.  Seventy-eight  votes  were  given  for  removing  to  the  location  ofi'ered  by 
Rockwood,  Hubbard  and  Weed,  at  a  point  about  four  or  five  miles  up  the  river 
from  Pontiac,  Avhere  fiftv  acres  of  land  were  ofi'ered ;  the  bond  for  the  donation 
having  been  approved  by  the  court. 

This  vote  was  taken  by  virtue  of  an  act  passed  March  1,  1839,  directing  a 
vote  to  be  taken  at  the  August  election,  for  and  against  re-locating  the  county 
seat,  by  which  it  was  provided  that,  if  two-thirds  of  all  the  votes  cast  were  for 
removal,  and  a  majority  were  for  removal  to  any  place  named,  then  the  county 
seat  should  be  removed.  It  lacked  a  few  votes  of  the  required  two-thirds, 
though  a  majority  favored  Rockwood 's. 

On  the  3d  day  of  December,  1839,  the  County  Commissioners  entered  into 
a  contract  with  the  proprietor  of  the  town  for  the  erection  of  a  Court  House,  to 
be  22x30  feet,  two  stories  high ;  to  be  built  and  completed  within  twelve  months 
after  "  there  is  sufficient  rise  in  the  Vermilion  River  to  allow  the  proprietors  of 
the  saw-mill  to  put  said  mill  in  operation."  When  completed,  the  Commission- 
ers were  to  cancel  and  deliver  up  the  bond  which  had  been  given  for  the  loca- 
tion of  the  county  seat. 

At  the  general  election  held  in  August,  1840.  the  following  vote  was  cast : 
For  State  Senator — John  Moore,  62 ;  David  Davis,  38.  For  Representative, 
Welcom  P.  Brown,  62  :  I.  T.  Gildersleeve,  61 ;  Asahel  Gridley,  38 ;  Isaac 
Funk,  38;  A.  R.  Dodge,  14;  L.  W.  Leek,  32.  For  Sheriff"— Garrett  M.  Blue, 
66 ;  John  Foster,  29.  Davis  M.  Pendell  was  elected  Coroner ;  Andrew  Mc- 
Millan and  Nicholas  Hefner,  County  Commissioners.  There  is  no  record  of 
the  vote  at  Presidential  or  Congressional  election. 

John  W.  Reynolds  was  appointed  School  Commissioner,  and  qualified  under 
a  bond  for  $12,000. 

The  Court  extended  the  time  for  building  the  Court  House  to  May  1,  1841; 
and  John  Foster  received  an  order  for  $5.00,  for  use  of  his  room  for  holding 
Circuit  Court. 

Robert  Smith  and  John  Blue  were  appointed  Assessors. 
In  1841,  Daniel   Barrackman  was  elected  County  Commissioner ;  Samuel 
Boyer,   School  Commissioner;    S.  S.  jNIead,  Assessor;  W.  G.   McDowell  w&s 
appointed  Collector,  and  D.  S.  Ebersol  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Court. 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUIITY.  259 

At  a  meeting  of  the  County  Court,  July  23,  1842,  the  Court  House  was 
accepted  and  occupied. 

After  the  census  of  1840,  the  State  was  re-apportioned  for  Congressional 
Representatives,  giving  seven  Representatives  instead  of  three,  as  heretofore. 

This  county  was  in  the  Fourth  District,  which  first  elected  John  Wentworth 
to  Congress.  He  remained  our  Representative  as  long  as  we  remained  in  that 
District.  Previous  to  this,  John  T.  Stewart,  of  Springfield,  had  been  our 
Representative. 

At  the  election  held  in  1843,  the  following  vote  was  cast :  For.  Congress — 
John  Wentworth,  111;  Giles  Spring,  (}6.  For  County  Commissioner — Charles 
Jones,  84;  Augustus  Fellows,  50.  For  County  Clerk,  D.  S.  Ebersol,  122; 
Wm.  K.  Brown,  28.  For  School  Commissioner — Samuel  Boyer,  136.  For 
Recorder — D.  S.  Ebersol,  121 ;  S.  C.  Ladd,  16.  For  Probate  Justice — Truman 
Rutherford,  82 ;  Wm.  K.  Brown,  49.  For  Treasurer— Truman  Rutherford,  92 ; 
Lyman  Bergit,  45.  For  Surveyor — Amos  Edwards,  67  ;  Orin  Phelps,  39 ; 
Franklin  Oliver,  38. 

At  a  special  election  held  in  November,  the  following  votes  were  cast :  For 
Probate  Justice — Andrew  McMillan,  46  ;  Augustus  Fellows,  37  ;  S.  S.  Mead. 
5.     For  County  Treasurer  and  Assessor — McMillan,  46  ;  Fellows,  37  ;  Mead,  5. 

At  the  August  Election  in  1844,  for  Member  of  Congress,  John  Wentworth 
received  110 ;  B.  S.  Morris,  61.  For  State  Senator,  S.  G.  Nesbitt  received 
106;  G.  W.  Powers,  66.  For  Representative,  James  Robinson  received  106  ; 
E.  B.  Myers,  63.  For  County  Commissioner,  Andrew  McDowell  received  104; 
Walter  Cornell,  65.  For  Sheriff,  R.  P.  Breckenndge  received  97  ;  Thomas 
Sawyer,  71.     For  Coroner,  John  Blue,  113. 

At  the  Presidential  election  in  November,  James  K.  Polk  received  109 ; 
Henry  Clay,  66.     Birney  did  not  receive  any  votes  in  the  county. 

On  the  2d  day  of  December,  the  following  minute  is  entered  of  record  : 
"  This  day  comes  Andrew  McMillan,  Treasurer  of  Livingston  County,  and 
makes  settlement  with  the  Court,  and  pays  over  to  the  Court  $13.00  in  county 
orders  and  20  cents  in  specie,  it  being  the  whole  amount  of  funds  received  by 
him."  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  add  that  McMillan  did  not  default  to  the  county 
during  his  term. 

In  1845,  the  same  Treasurer  reported  and  turned  over  without  default,  20 
cents  in  silver.     There  is  no  record  of  what  his  commissions  amounted  to. 

At  the  March  Term,  1845,  Hugh  Taylor  was  rented  the  jury  room,  for  a 
store,  and  the  court  room  for  three  months,  on  paying  $3.00  per  month. 

Andrew  McMillan  was  appointed  to  take  the  census  for  that  year. 
.  At  the  June  Term  of  the  County  Court,  D.  S.  Ebersol  resigned  the  Clerk- 
ship, and  S.  C.  Ladd  was  appointed  Clerk. 

At  the  regular  election  in  August,  Murrell  Breckenridge  was  elected  County 
Commissioner;  Augustus  Fellows,  School  Commissioner;  S.  C.  Ladd,  Clerk; 
S.  S.  Mead,  Coroner.  And  at  a  special  election  in  December,  S.  C.  Ladd  was 
elected  Recorder.  c 


260  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

And  again,  Hugh  Taylor  appears  of  record  in  the  following : 

Ordered  That  Hugh  Taylor  &  Co.  remove  their  goods,  chattels,  etc.,  out  of  the  Court  House 
by  the  1st  day  of  November  next ;  and  if  they  should  fail  to  do  so,  then  they  shall  pay  additional 
rent 

As  they  were  already  paying  the  sum  of  $3.00  a  month,  this  seemed  like  a 
threat  to  ruin  their  business. 

At  the  regular  election  held  in  August,  1846,  A.  C.  French,  for  Governor, 
received  124  votes;  T.  M.  Kilpatrick,   60.     John  Wentworth,  for  Congress, 
received    124   votes  ;  John    Kerr,  58.     James  Robinson,  for  Representative, 
received   122  votes ;  Bissell  Chubbuck,  42.     R.  P.  Breckenridge  was  elected 
Sheriff;  Charles  Jones,  County  Commissioner,  and  John  Blue,  Coroner. 
In  1847,  Isaac  Hodgson  was  elected  Commissioner ;  S.  C.  Ladd,  Clerk. 
In  September,  the  County  Court  contracted  with  Henry  Jones,  J.  H.  De- 
moss  and  Philip  Rollings  to  build  the  bridge  over  the  river  at  Pontiac,  for  |450. 
An  election  was  held  in  March,  1848,  to  vote  upon  the  new  Constitution 
and  the  separate  articles.     The  vote  was,  for  the  Constitution,  71  ;  against  it, 
25.     For  the  separate  article  in  relation  to   colored  people,   there   were    8^ 
votes  ;  against  it,  12.     For  the  two-mill  tax,  which  was  intended  to  pay  off  the 
long  past  due  State  debt,  71  votes  ;  against  it,  35. 

At  the  regular  election  in  August,  the  vote  for  Governor  was  :  For  A.  C. 
French,  135.  For  Congress,  John  Wentworth,  108  ;  John  Y.  Scammon,  62. 
For  Senator,  Wm.  Reddick,  131.  Murrell  Breckenridge  was  elected  Sheriff; 
Henry  Jones,  County  Commissioner,  and  John  Blue,  Coroner. 

At  the  judicial  election  in  September  under  the  new  constitution,  John  D. 
Caton  received  eighty  votes  for  Supreme  Court  Judge;  Lorenzo  Leland,  seventy- 
seven  votes  for  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court;  B.  F.  Fridgley,  sixty-three  votes 
for  Judge  of  the  Ninth  Circuit  ;  T.  Lyle  Dickey,  forty-seven  for  Judge  ;  Bur- 
ton C.  Cook,  eighty  votes  for  State's  Attorney,  and  S.  C.  Ladd,  eighty  votea 
for  Circuit  Clerk. 

At  this  election,  Dickey  was  elected  Judge,  and  was  for  some  years  our  Cir- 
cuit Judge. 

At  the  Presidential  election,  Cass  received  130  votes;  Taylor,  82  votes ; 
and  for  the  first  time  in  our  history  as  a  county,  the  third  party  received  a  vote. 
Four  votes  were  cast  for  the  Van  Buren  electoral  ticket,  upon  which  were  the 
names  of  such  veteran  Abolitionists  as  President  Jonathan  Blanchard.  For  the 
first  time  also,  the  vote  indicates  a  healthy  increase  of  population  in  the  county. 
Up  to  this  year,  the  vote  had  been  very  nearly  uniform, 

"In  March,  1849,  tlie  bridge  which  had  just  been  completed  and  accepted 
bv  the  court  was  carried  away  by  a  freshet,  and  Rollings  and  Demoss  were 
ordered  to   save  what  they  could  of  it,  and  report  what  portion  of  it  could  be 

used. 

At  the  election  May  20th,  M.  B.  Patty  and  L.  E.   Rhoades  were  elected 

County  Commissioners      At  the  November  election,  J.   C.   McMillan  received 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  261 

161  votes  for  County  Judge;  S.  Miller,  2.  S.  C.  Ladd,  137  for  Clerk; 
Jason  Tuttle,  8.  James  Bradley,  114  for  County  Justice  of  the  Peace;  Philip 
Rollings,  95  for  same ;  W.  G.  McDowell,  55.  Franklin  Oliver,  73  votes  for 
Surveyor ;  Amos  Edwards,  53.  Walter  Cornell  was  elected  School  Commis- 
sioner, and  J.  D.  Garner.  Coroner.  55  votes  were  given  for  township  organiza- 
tion out  of  a  total  of  164  votes  cast ;  not  a  majority. 

That  all  the  offices  were  not  vastly  remunerative  is  evidenced  by  the  following 
order  at  the  October  term  of  the  Commissioners'  Court :  "  Ordered,  that  Andrew 
McMillan  be  allowed  ten  dollars  ($10)  for  services  as  County  Treasurer  for  two 
years." 

The  County  Court  under  the  new  Constitution  organized  December  31. 
1849.  J.  C.  McMillan,  County  Judge ;  Philip  Rollings  and  James  Bradley, 
County  Justices,  and  S.  C.  Ladd,  Clerk. 

At  this  time  first  appeared  the  constitutional  clause  in  the  oath  of  office  :  "  I 
do  solemnly  swear  that  I  have  not  fought  a  duel,  nor  sent  or  accepted  a  chal- 
lenge to  fight  a  duel,  the  probable  issue  of  which  might  have  been  the  death  of 
either  party,  nor  been  a  second  to  either  party,  nor  in  any  way  aided  or  assisted 
in  such  duel,  nor  been  knowingly  the  bearer  of  such  challenge  since  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Constitution,  nor  will  be  engaged  in  such  duel  during  my  continuance 
in  office." 

That  our  foremost  citizens  earned  their  bread  in  those  days  is  drawn  from  the 
following  recorded  order  :  "  Ordered,  that  John  A.  FelloAvs  be  allowed  sixty  two 
and  one-half  cents  for  chopping  wood  for  county."  It  does  not  appear  Avhether 
his  services,  like  McMillan's,  were  of  two  years'  duration. 

Murrell  Breckenridge  was  elected  County  Judge  at  a  special  election  in  Sep- 
tember, 1850.  Henry  Loveless  was  elected  Sheriff,  and  Joseph  Springer  Coro- 
ner, in  November.  At  the  regular  election  in  1852,  the  vote  for  Secretary  of 
State  was  for  Alexander  Starne,  Democrat,  209;  B.  S.  Morris,  Whig,  161; 
Erastus  Wright,  Anti-slavery,  11. 

For  State's  Attorney,  D.  P.  Jenkins,  158  votes;  M.  E.  Hollister,  85  ;  W. 
H.  L.  Wallace,  22.  For  State  Senator,  Burton  C.  Cook,  207;  William 
Paul,  10. 

For  Representatives,  C.  I.  Starlech,  207  votes  ;  C.  R.  Patton,  203 ;  A.  A. 
Fisher,  159  ;  George  M.  Radcliffe,  156  ;  William  Strawn,  26.  Strawn  was  on 
the  Anti-slavery  or  Abolition  ticket. 

The  four  Anti-slavery  votes  of  1848  seem  to  have  grown  into  eleven  this  year, 
Mr.  Wallace,  notwithstanding  his  small  vote  for  State's  Attorney  in  the 
".ounty,  was  elected,  and  proved  a  very  acceptable  officer.  He  was  a  son-in-law 
of  Judge  Dickey,  and  went  with  him  into  the  army,  where  he  yielded  up  his 
life  at  Shiloh.  He  is  spoken  of  as  a  brilliant  lawyer  and  a  very  popular  man. 
No  record  of  the  Presidential  and  Congressional  vote  of  that  year  is  found  ; 
but  it  must  have  been  about  the  same  as  above — Democratic,  208  votes  ;  Whig, 
160;  Abolition,  11.     Total  379,  indicating  a  population  of  about  2,000. 


262  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

In  1853,  the  number  of  voting  precincts  had  been  increased  by  addition  of 
Reading,  New  Michigan,  Mud  Creek  and  Avoca  Precincts.     Any  inhabitant  of 
the  county  will    recognize  these  localities,  although  the  precincts  are  known  to 
the  law  no  longer. 

The  vote  at  that  election  was  :  For  County  Judge — Billings  P.  Babcock,  243 
votes;  John  Hoobler,  133.  For  Clerk,  George  W.  Boyer,  221 ;  0.  Chubbuck. 
118.  For  Associate  Justice,  D.  Mcintosh,  4 ;  J.  P.  Garner,  74  ;  Eli  Myer, 
278 ;  John  Darnall,  228.  For  Treasurer  and  Assessor,  Walter  Cornell, 
272  ;  Philip  Rollings,  94.  County  Surveyor — James  Stout,  156  ;  Charles 
Hustin,  73;  Amos  Edwards,  48  ;  Nelson  Buck,  58;  E.  B.Oliver,  21.  For 
School  Commissioner — Joseph  A.  Hews,  118  ;  Eli  Meyer,  103  ;  H.  H.  Hin- 
man,  134. 

This  list,  together  with  those  elected  to  the  minor  offices  at  this  election, 
embraces  many  names  new  to  the  records  of  the  county,  but  which  are  now 
familiar  as  household  words.  The  Breckenridges,  the  McMillans  and  other 
old  families  seem  to  have  given  way  all  at  once  to  such  new  blood  and  new 
material  as  B.  P.  Babcock,  James  Stout,  Louderback,  Hinman,  Boyer.  Chub- 
buck  and  Mcintosh,  although  Darnall  seems  to  have  have  retained  a  place  in 
official  life. 

New  life  was  coming  into  the  county.  The  first  dash  of  the  tidal  wave  of 
immigration  was  reaching  us.  The  Chicago  k  Mississippi  and  Illinois  Central 
Railroads  were  being  built.  Of  the  men  whose  names  appear  above,  whose 
lives  are  well  remembered,  are  B.  P.  Babcock,  who,  after  a  faithful  term  as 
County  Judge,  where  he  displayed  the  same  clear,  cautious  and  honest  care  in 
public  which  has  always  marked  his  private  affairs,  is  now  one  of  the  largest 
farmers  in  the  county,  owning  two  splendid  sections  of  land,  upon  which  is 
Babcocks  Grove,  of  which  Isaac  Funk  once  said,  that  "next  to  Elkhart  Grove, 
he  thought  nature  had  made  this  the  handsomest  spot  in  this  whole  glorious 
State."  Geo.  W.  Bover,  as  his  records  in  the  different  offices  of  this  countv 
show,  was  a  singularly  neat  and  efficient  Clerk.  Orlando  Chubbuck,  after 
having  served  an  apprenticeship  as  an  honest  farmer  and  faithful  citizen,  read 
law,  and  now  practices  the  same  in  La  Salle  County.  David  Mcintosh,  among 
many  other,  perhaps,  as  honorable  things,  has  once  faithfully  served  us  in  the 
Legislature.  Jerome  Garner  was  one  of  the  first  local  attorneys  at  law.  Eli  Myer 
has  passed  away,  leaving  an  honored  name,  which  is  kept  alive  by  a  large  family 
of  descendants.  Walter  Cornell  still  upholds  the  faith  that  has  led  him  thus  far, 
an  honored,  esteemed  and  beloved  old  man.  Rollins  is  still  with  us,  though  he 
long  since  eschewed  politics  and  office  holding.  Nelson  Buck,  after  several 
terms  of  official  service,  and  many  years  of  active  life,  received  an  appointment 
to  survey  in  Western  Nebraska,  and  was,  in  1869,  massacred  by  the  Sioux. 
H.  H.  Hinman  still  faithfully  serves  his  day  and  generation  as  a  missionary, 
after  having  lived  many  years  in  Africa.  He  now  represents  the  Anti-Secret- 
Society  Association  in  its  crusade  against  Masonry  and  kindred  clans.     He  was 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  263 

one  of  the  first  to  espouse  Abolition  sentiments  in  the  county,  and  never  let  his 
light  be  hid  under  a  bushel,  or  anything  else.     James  Stout — no  one  living  in 
the  county  from  '55  to  "70   but  knows  the  intrepid,  earnest,  positive,  lively, 
jagged  and,  perhaps,  "sassy  "  Jim  Stout.     In  early  life,  he  had  tried  teaching 
school  in  Kentucky,  but  gave  more  attention  to  teaching  the  negroes  the  ety- 
mology of  the  word  "freedom  "  than  his  employers  approved  of,  and  he  left 
town  between  two  days,  without  calling  around  to  get  his  Avages,  and  believes  to 
this  day  that  blood-hounds  were  on  his  track  until  he  forded  the  Ohio  River. 
With  a  not  very  passive  nature,  the  little  experience  he  had  there  set  every  drop 
of  blood  in  him   on   fire,  and  he  became  the  fiery  champion  of  down-trodden 
Africa  from  that  hour.     He  was  possessed  of  a  vast  fund  of  indignation,  and 
never  failed  to  surround  all  his  efforts  with  the  glitter  of  attraction  which  that 
gave.     At  one  time  he  helped  "steal  a  nigger,"  as  the  phrase  went,  the  story 
of  which  must  have  a  place  here.     A  fugitive  slave  had  been   taken  and  was 
before  the  court  at  Ottawa,  to  have  his  case  legally  determined.    Stout,  with  some 
other   Abolitionists,  was  in  attendance.     With  most  of  them,  it  was  probably 
their  first  experience,  and  no  well  developed  plan  was  agreed  upon  how  they 
might  best  help  the  slave.      After  as  patient  a  hearing  as  could  be  given  under 
the  great  excitement,  the  Court  decided  that  the  fugitive  must  be  sent  back  to 
his  master.     While  the  opinion  of  the  Court  was  being  delivered,  a  breathless 
silence  reigned  in  the  court  room.     The   Abolitionists,  embracing  many  who 
hardly  accepted  that  title,  were  undecided.     The  crisis  had  arrived,  and  Stout, 
carried  away  with   excitement,  sprang  upon  a  table  and  shouted,  "  I  move  we 
form  ourselves  into  a  committee  of  the  whole,  to  carry  this  poor  slave  back  to 
slavery  and  bondage  !  "    The  entire  room  was  at  once  in  an  uproar  which  passes 
all  description.     While  attention  was  thus  called  to  the  mover  of  this  resolution, 
the  slave  was  spirited  out  of  the  window,  put  into  a  close  carriage  and,  quicker 
than  it  can  bs  told,  was  on  his  way  to  Canada.     The  parties   engaged  in   this 
rescue  were  arrested  and  tried  for  the  crime,  for  it  was  a  crime  to  help  a  fugitive 
away.     Stout  refused  to  employ  any  counsel,  refused  the  aid  of  the  Court,  who 
nffered  to  assign  him  a  legal  adviser,  and   persisted  in  defending  his  own  case, 
and  by  his  quick,  sharp  wit,  he  was  cleared.     All  that  could  certaiily  be  proved 
against  him  was  his  motion.      His  line  of  defense  was  that  he  had  only  proposed 
to  carry  the  fugitive  back  to  slavery  and  bondage,  but  the  prosecution  endeavored 
to  show   by  the  witness,  Judge  Caton  of  the   State  Court,  before   whom  the 
former  hearing  had  been  had,  that  Stout,  the  defendant,  did  not  mean  what  he 
said  when  he  proposed  to  carry  the  slave  back  to  bondage.     The  question  was 
asked   Judge  Caton,  ''What  is  your  opinion  of  the  intent  of  the  defendant  in 
making  that   remark?"     "I   object!  "  shouted   Stout.     In  the  course  of  the 
discussion  which  followed,  in  regard  to  the  right  of  an  answer  to  the  question. 
Stout  sprang  to  his  feet  and  demanded  "  a  subpoena  for  God  Almighty  !     He  is 
the  only  one  who  knows  my  intent."     Defendants  were  not   then    competent 
witnesses.     The  Sherift'  jocularly  remarked  tliat  he   would  find  it  <lifEcult  to 


264  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

serve  such  a  subpoena.  Stout  sharply  retorted,  "  You  can,  for  it  is  written, 
'  He  will  be  found  of  those  who  diligently  seek  Him.'  "  This  turned  the  tide, 
and  he  was  acquitted,  while  the  others  were  convicted  and  fined.  Mr.  Stout, 
after  being  several  years  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Pontiac  Sentinel^  was 
appointed,  in  1869,  Receiver  of  Public  Moneys,  at  Boise  City,  Idaho,  by  President 
Grant,  where  he  now  resides.  He  was  possessed  of  more  fire  for  the  fluid  ounces 
of  blood  he  contained,  and  more  fight  to  the  square  inch,  than  any  resident  of 
Livingston  County,  unless  history  is  at  fault. 

At  the  election  in  1854,  which  occurred  in  the  midst  of  the  political  excite- 
ment in  regard  to  Kansas,  the  county  seems  for  the  first  time  to  have  given 
majorities  for  the  Whig  and  Anti-slavery,  or,  rather,  Anti-Nebraska  candidates. 
The  vote  for  Congressman  was:  For  Jesse  0.  Norton,  319  ;  J.  N.  Drake,  207. 
Por  Representatives — P.  S.  Day,  317  ;  David  Strawn,  331  ;  J.  L.  McCormick, 
185  ;  George  W.  Armstrong,  201.  Por  Sheriff— W.  B.  Lyon,  187  ;  M.  Breck- 
enridge,  133  ;  M.  B.  Patty,  69  ;  Jerome  P.  Garner,  104.  Por  Coroner — Laban 
Prakes,  178;  Jacob  Streamer,  171;  Ira  Loveless,  118.  Por  Surveyor — T.  P.  Nor- 
ton, 267  ;  I.  R.  Clark,  80;  N.  Buck,  115.  Jesse  0.  Norton  was  a  Whig,  a  resident 
of  Joliet,  and  has  been  nearly  all  the  time  in  public  life  since  that  election  until 
his  death  abo'ut  two  years  ago.  Of  the  Representatives  voted  for  that  year,  two 
are  well  known  in  the  county.  G.  W.  Armstrong  has  served  more  terms  in  the 
Legislature  of  this  State,  probably,  than  any  man  now  living.  David  Strawn, 
though  not  a  resident  of  the  county,  had  a  large  landed  interest  in  it,  and  was 
subsequently  the  builder  of  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad.  In  1855,  Walter 
Cornell  was  elected  Treasurer  and  Assessor ;  H.  H.  Hinman,  School  Commis- 
sioner ;  I.  R.  Clark,  Surveyor ;  Thomas  Croswell,  Coroner.  Dwight  Precinct 
had  been  added.  No  records  of  the  important  election  of  1856  are  on  file.  At 
the  election  of  1857,  two  more  precints  had  been  added — Nebraska  and  Days, 
the  latter  embracing  what  is  now  Broughton  and  Round  Grove.  At  this 
election,  about  1,000  votes  were  cast.  For  County  Judge  the  vote  was:  Por 
Henry  Jones,  510  ;  0.  Chubbuck,  436.  Por  Associte  Justice — John  Darnall, 
469;  J.  P.  Morgan,  497;  Decatur  Veatch,  453;  Jacob  Angle,  473. 
For  Clerk— S.  S.  Saul,  525;  S.  L.  Manker,  427.  For  School  Commis- 
sioner— J.  H.  Hagerty,  480  ;  J.  W.  Strevell,  465.  Por  Surveyor — Nelson  Buck? 
493 ;  James  Stout,  444.  Por  Treasurer — J.  R.  Woolverton,  488  ;  James  Gib- 
son, 447.  Por  Township  organization,  738  ;  against,  40.  This  was  the  last 
election  held  under  the  old  county  organization.  Township  organization  went 
into  effect  the  next  year. 

The  election  of  3  858  will  ever  remain  a  memorable  one.  Douglas  and 
Lincoln  were  before  the  people  of  the  State  as  representatives  of  the  two  politi- 
cal ideas  of  the  day.  Douglas  had  separated  from  the  President,  and  stood 
upon  the  platform  of  Popular  Territorial  Self-Government,  called  in  derision, 
"  Squatter  Sovereignty,"  holding  the  doctrine  that  the  people  of  each  Territory 
had  the  inherent  right   to   decide   for   themselves  whether   they  would  have 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNT!'.  265 

slavery  in  the  Territory  or  not ;  Lincoln,  the  chosen  representative  of  all  the 
various  shades  of  political  and  moral  opponents  of  slavery,  conservative  himself, 
held  strongly  the  view  that  slavery  could  not  be  interfered  with  in  States 
where  it  already  existed,  could  be  prohibited  in  Territories  by  Congress,  and 
in  States  it  could  only  be  abolished  by  State  authority. 

These  two  leaders  were  candidates  for  the  United  States  Senate,  and  made 
a  very  thorough  canvass  of  the  State.  There  was  a  third  ticket  in  the  field, 
which  represented  the  ultra  State  Rights  doctrine,  that  slavery  could  not  even 
be  kept  out  of  a  Territory,  either  by  State  or  Territorial  authority,  but  as 
property,  slavery  would  go  wherever  the  Constitution  went.  This  ticket,  how- 
ever, seems  to  have  got  but  two  votes  in  the  county,  one  at  Pontiac  and  one  in 
Dwight.  If  this  was,  as  was  said  at  the  time,  a  Postmaster's  ticket,  it  probably 
■could  not  now  receive  those  two  Postmaster's  votes.  A  rapid  increase  of 
population,  together  with  the  excitement  consequent  on  the  interesting  contest 
increased  the  vote  to  double  that  of  the  year  before.  The  county  gave  about 
200  majority  to  the  Republican  ticket.  There  were  then  twenty-three  town- 
ships in  the  county.  The  vote  was  :  For  State  Treasurer — James  Miller, 
1,001 ;  William  B.  Fondy,  789.  For  Superintendent  of  Instruction — Newton 
Bateman,  998  ;  A.  C.  French,  790.  For  Congress — Owen  Lovejoy,  986:  G. 
W.  Armstrong,  794.  For  Representatives — Alexander  Campbell,  1,003  ;  R. 
S.  Hick,  1,000 ;  S.  C.  Collins,  784  ;  William  Cogswell,  776.  For  Sheriff- 
William  T.  Russell,  987  ;  Joshua   C.  Mills,  806. 

At  the  special  election  in  1859,  W.  G.  McDowell  was  elected  County 
Judge,  and  in  November,  the  vote  for  Treasurer  was  :  For  Philip  Cook,  739  ;  J. 
S.  Gumm,  620.  For  School  Commissioner  :  I.  T.  Whittemore,  728  ;  A.  E. 
Harding,  616.  For  Surveyor  :  E.  W.  Gower,  498  ;  T.  F.  Norton,  442  ;  N. 
Buck,  417. 

The  interest  taken  in  the  Presidential  election  of  1860  was  sufficient  to  call 
out  a  very  full  vote.  The  entire  vote  polled  was  2,563.  Lincoln  received 
1,475;  Douglas,  1,088.  The  majority  of  Yates  and  Hoffman  was  about,  the 
same.  For  Congress,  Owen  Lovejoy  received  1,451  ;  R.  N.  Murray,  1,097. 
It  is  interesting  to  notice  that  in  all  these  recorded  votes,  Lovejoy  always  lacks 
a  few  of  the  full  party  vote.  He  was  such  a  pronounced  Abolitionist  that, 
probably,  in  nearly  every  county,  there  were  some  who  called  themselves  Re- 
publicans who  would  not  vote  for  him.  Way  down  in  the  heart  of  many  others 
who  did  vote  for  him;  there  was  undoubtedly  a  rebellion  against  voting  for  so 
pronounced  an  Abolitionist.  Still,  he  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  men  of  his 
day.  Those  who  had  the  opportunity  to  hear  him  on  the  canvass  will  remem- 
ber him  to  their  dying  day,  as  one  of  the  very  ablest  and  most  interesting  pub- 
lic speakers  they  ever  heard.  To  those  who  used  to  hear  him  in  the  pulpit, 
before  he  became  an  official,  the  same  clear  elucidation  of  doctrine,  the  same 
fearful,  rugged,  pointed  portraiture  of  wrong  and  error,  is  well  remembered. 
The  vote  for  State  Senator  for  that  year  was  :     For  Washington  Bushnell,  1.464  ; 


2t)6  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

for  John  Hise,  1,074.  For  Representatives — A.  J.  Cropsey,  1,474  ;  J.  W.  New- 
port, 1,475;  H.  H.  Brower,  1,092  ;  Daniel  Evans,  1,097.  For  Circuit  Clerk — 
James  W.  Remick,  1,345  :  Ben.  W.  Gray,  1,229.  For  Sheriff— E.  R.  Maples, 
1.547  :  James  M.  Perry,  1,023.  For  Coroner— Thos.  Croswell,  1,475  ;  T.  B. 
Norton,  1,043.  For  State's  Attorney— C.  H.  Wood,  927  ;  G.  H.  Watson,  859  ; 
Joshua  Whitmore,  829.  For  Constitutional  Convention,  1,743  ;  against,  120. 
The  election  of  Col.  Cropsey  as  Representative  marked  the  first  election  of 
a  citizen  of  the  county  to  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly.  Heretofore, 
candidates  had  been  selected  from  other  counties  in  the  district,  this  county  not 
being  deemed  of  sufficient  importance  to  be  entitled  to  representation.  He  soon 
left  us  however,  for  he  early  went  into  the  military  service,  and  soon  after 
removed  to  Nebraska,  where  he  has  been  honored  with  more  distinguished  official 

recognition. 

At  the  June  election  in  1861,  the  unanimous  vote  of  the  county  was  given 
to  Hon.  C.  R.  Starr  for  Circuit  Judge,  who  remained  upon  our  bench  until  he 
resigned  in  1866. 

At  the  November  election,  in  this  year,  there  were  three  tickets  in  the  field. 
A  Union  ticket  was  formed,  which  was  composed  of  an  equal  number  of  Dem- 
ocrats and  Republicans.  Disaffection  was  caused  in  both  parties.  However,  and 
party  or  independent  tickets  were  named.  For  Delegates  to  the  Constitutional 
Convention  of  that  year.  Perry  A.  Armstrong  received  1,153  votes,  and  Alex- 
ander Campbell  1,115.  On  county  officers  the  vote  was:  For  County  Judge 
—Jonathan  Duff,  918  ;  N.  S.  Grandy,  191  ;  W.  J.  McDowell,  245.  For  Clerk 
— R.  B.  Harrington,  822  ;  J.  F.  Culver,  511.  For  Treasurer— Samuel  Max- 
well, 818 ;  J.  R.  Woolverton,  312 ;  T.  W.  Brydia,  224.  For  Surveyor- 
Nelson  Buck,  925 ;  T.  F.  Norton,  403.  For  School  Commissioner — J.  W. 
Smith,  1,096;   C.  M.  Lee,  217. 

The  Union  ticket  was  elected,  but  it  did  not  stop  the  war. 
Robert  B.  Harrington  and  Samuel  Maxwell,  who  this  year  came  into 
official  notice,  were  influential  men,  and  both  very  popular  and  efficient  officers. 
Mr.  Maxwell  removed  to  Missouri  soon  after  his  two  years'  term  closed.  Mr. 
Harrington  served  two  full  terms  as  Clerk,  and  after  a  short  but  eventful  resi- 
dence in  Mississippi,  struck  Nebraska,  and  at  Beatrice  now  serves  the  public 
acceptably  as  Receiver  in  the  Land  Office. 

In  June,  the  new  proposed  Constitution  was  submitted,  and  received  852  votes- 
to  1,466  against.  This  Constitution  was  not  adopted  by  the  vote  of  the  State. 
At  the  November  election,  the  vote  for  State  Treasurer  was — Wm.  0.  Butler, 
1,099  ;  Alex.  Starne,  938.  For  Sheriff— Job  E.  Dye  received  1,036  votes,  and 
S.  H.  Putnam,  902.  For  Coroner— Thomas  Croswell,  1,056 ;  S.  B.  Norton, 
971.  For  Congress  (at  large)— E.  C.  Ingersoll,  1,096:  J.  C.  Allen,  954.  For 
Congress,  Eighth  District— Leonard  Swett,  1,110  ;  John  T.  Stewart,  938.  For 
Member  of  Legislature— J.  0.  Dent,  950  ;  T.  C.  Gibson,  950 ;  M.  B.  Patty, 
976 ;    A.  A.  Fisher,  1,085 ;    Franklin  Corwin,  1,098  ;    Albert  Parker,  1,097. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  267 

This  county  composed,  with  La  Salle,  a  district,  and  the  three  former  were 
elected  by  150  majority.  Of  these  latter,  Mr.  Corwin  was  after  this  repeatedly 
elected,  was  twice  elected  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  afterward  represented  his 
district  (the  seventh)  in  Congress. 

In  1863,  M  E.  Collins  was  elected  Treasurer,  Nelson  Buck  Surveyor,  and 
0.  F.  Pearre  School  Commissioner. 

The  Presidential  vote  in  1864  was:  For  Abraham  Lincoln,  1,746  ;  George 
B.  MeClellan,  1,100.  Seven  towns — Nebraska,  Reading,  Rook's  Creek,  Belle 
Prairie,  Sullivan,  Owego  and  Nevada — gave  Democratic  majorities,  the  latter  two 
by  only  one  majority  each.  R.  J.  Oglesby  for  Governor,  William  Bross  for 
Lieutenant  Governor,  Sharon  Tyndale  for  Secretary  of  State,  0.  H,  Miner  for 
Auditor,  James  H.  Beveridge  for  Treasurer,  Newton  Bateman  for  Superin- 
tendent, S.  W.  Moulton  for  Congress  (at  large),  S.  M.  Cullom  for  Congress, 
Washington  Bushnell  for  Senator,  and  Franklin  Corwin,  John  Miller  and 
Jason  W.  Strevell  for  Representatives,  each  received  650  majority.  Wm.  T. 
Ament  was  elected  State's  Attorney,  E.  W.  Capron  Coroner,  and  Amos  Hart 
Sheriff  by  the  same  average  vote.  This  was  Mr.  Cullom's  first  election  to 
Congress,  although  he  had  already  served  the  Springfield  District  in  the  Legis- 
lature, was  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  had  been  a  candidate  for  Congress  at  a 
preceding  election.  He  continued  to  be  our  Representative  in  Congress  until 
1871.  He  subsequently  served  two  terms  in  the  Legislature,  and  was  then 
elected  Governor. 

The  election  in  1865  was  an  exceedingky  exciting  one,  arousing  animosities 
which  were  not  allayed  in  years.  The  large  Republican  majorities  given  at  the 
last  election  discouraged  the  Democracy,  while  the  recent  return  of  so  large  a 
body  of  Union  soldiers  who  had  been  for  years  promised  by  those  who  served 
in  the  grand  army  of  stay-at-homes,  that  when  "this  cruel  war  was  over"  they 
should  certainly  be  remembered  in  the  distribution  of  offices,  that  the  Democ- 
racy  were  easily  led  to  unite  with  the  soldiers  in  the  support  of  a  distinctly 
soldiers"  ticket.  True,  nearly  all  the  candidates  on  both  tickets  were  soldiers, 
but  the  one  was  known  as  Republican  and  the  other  as  the  Soldiers'  ticket. 

The  vote  was:  For  Judge — J.  F.  Culver,  1,034  ;  James  Stout,  575.  For 
Clerk — R.  B.  Harrington.  969  ;  George  W.  Rice,  840.  For  Treasurer — Hugh 
Thompson,  1,077  ;  B.  F.  Hotchkiss,  729;  for  Superintendent  of  Schools — H.  H. 
Hill,  910  ;  Hugh  Pound,  895.  For  Surveyor— A.  E.  Huetson,  1,013  ;  Nelson 
Buck,  772.  Of  these  gentlemen,  B.  F.  Hotchkiss  was  for  many  years  Chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  and  was  elected  Surveyor,  a  position  lie 
resigned,  and  took  up  his  home  in  Nebraska.  In  his  new  home,  the  citizens 
will  find  him  a  valuable  and  worthy  man,  true  to  convictions,  and  one  whom  to 
know  is  to  love  and  respect.  Mr.  Huetson,  after  serving  repeated  terms  as  Sur- 
veyor, left  us  for  Dakota  Territory,  where  he  can  but  make  himself  a  useful 
and  honored  citizen,  H.  H.  Hill  was  a  successful  school  teacher  when  elected 
Superintendent,  and  served  two  terms  in  that  capacity.     Under  his  administra- 


268  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

tion  of  this  responsible  position,  the  schools  of  the  county  rapidly  increased  in 
efficiency,  and  still  feel  the  effect  of  his  laborious,  methodical  and  conscientious 
work.  Soon  after  retiring  from  office,  he  took  up  his  residence  in  Chicago, 
where  he  is  engaged  in  business. 

At  the  election  in  1866,  over  3,300  votes  were  cast,  and  the  average  major- 
ity for  Republican  candidates  was  1,100.  Franklin  Corwin,  Elmer  Baldwin 
and  Capt.  Wm.  Strawn  were  elected  from  this  district  to  the  Legislature,  over 
Douglas  Hapeman,  James  Clark  and  Capt.  M.  L.  Payne.  The  vote  for  county 
officers  was:  For  Sheriff — James  H.  Gaff,  2,188;  James  Kirby,  1,115.  For 
Coroner — Thomas  Croswell,  2,231 ;  Eben  Norton,  1,117. 

Capt.  M.  L.  Payne,  whose  candidacy  appeared  at  this  election,  was  a  well- 
known  citizen  of  the  county  for  many  years.  He  served  as  Captain  of  a  com- 
pany raised  at  Danville,  in  the  Black  Hawk  war;  as  Captain  in  the  Mexican 
war,  and  subsequently  as  a  Captain  in  the  war  against  rebellion.  He  was  a 
man  of  great  energy  and  indomitable  courage.  He  died  of  cancer,  in  May, 
1878,  and  was  buried  with  military  honors,  in  the  cemetery  at  Pontiac. 

Hon.  Elmer  Baldwin,  after  his  service  in  the  Legislature,  served  one  term 
in  the  State  Senate,  and  is  the  author  of  the  very  complete  and  valuable  His- 
tory of  La  Salle  County,  recently  published. 

At  the  judicial  election  in  June,  Charles  H.  Wood  received  897  votes  for 
Judge  of  the  Twentieth  Circuit,  and  Geo.  B,  Joiner.  221.  W.  M.  Taylor, 
1,181  votes  for  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court;  S.  G.  McFadden,  48. 

In  November,  the  vote  was :  For  County  Treasurer — Wm.  B.  Fyfe,  1,898  J 
J.  I.  Dunlop,738  ;  John  Dehner,  597,  For  Surveyor— A,  C.  Huetson,  1,525  ; 
E.  B.  Neville,  615 ;  N.  Buck,  555.  Keeping  up  stock — For,  1,249  ;  against, 
977.  This  vote  was  under  the  provisions  of  a  law,  by  which  the  county  was 
to  determine  whether  it  would  permit  cattle  to  run  at  large  or  not.  The 
adoption  of  the  law  rendered  the  expensive  system  of  fencing  unnecessary. 
No  single  act  did  as  much  to  aid  in  the  development  of  the  county ;  yet 
it  caused  violent  opposition  and  litigation,  quarrels,  and  at  least  one  death.  Its 
application  to  this  county  was  due  to  Capt.  Strawn,  and  it  nearly  defeated  his 
renomination  to  the  Legislature  the  next  year. 

In  1868,  5,595  votes  were  cast,  the  average  Republican  majority  being 
about  1,320.  Four  towns  only  gave  Democratic  majorities  :  Reading,  2  ;  Sun- 
bury,  1 ;  Belle  Prairie,  6  ;  Nevada,  83. 

The  vote  for  President  was:  For  U.  S.  Grant,  3,448;  for  Horatio  Sey- 
mour, 2,182.  For  Congress— S.  M.  Cullum,  3,447  ;  B.  S.  Edwards,  2,184. 
For  Senator — J.  W.  Strevell,  8,403  ;  Julius  Avery,  2,146.  For  Representa- 
tives—Wm.  Strawn,  3,885  ;  F.  Corwin,  8,446  ;  Samuel  Wiley,  3,425  ;  Moses 
Osman,  2,149;  E.  B.  Wood,  2,147  ;  B.  M.  Armstrong,  2,132.  For  State's 
Attorney — Mason  B.  Loomis  was  elected.  For  Circuit  Clerk — J.  E.  Morrow, 
3,476 ;  W.  W.  Sears,  2,117.  For  Sheriff— Geo.  H.  Wentz,  3,422  ;  W.  H. 
Cleland,  2,144. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVIiNGSTON  COUNTY.  269 

This  was  the  first  time  in  our  history  that  a  citizen  of  this  county  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate. 

To  the  Constitutional  Convention  in  1869,  the  following  were  elected  from 
this  district  (La  Salle  and  Livingston):  N.  J.  Pillsbury,  Joseph  Hart,  Geo.  S. 
Eldredge,  over  Jonathan  Duflf,  J.  D.  Caton  and  G.  W.  Armstrong. 

The  vote  for  county  officers  was :  For  Judge — L.  E.  Payson,  1,896  ;  A.  E. 
Harding,  1,126;  Hiram  Parsons,  108*.  For  Clerk— Byron  Phelps,  1,806; 
R.  B.  Hunna,  1,22-1:  ;  Eben  Norton,  124*.  For  Treasurer— Aaron  Weider, 
1,844;  J.  McIlduflF,  1,226 ;  R.  G.  Morton,  103*.  For  Surveyor— A.  C. 
Huetson,  1,921  ;  Charles  Smith,  1,127 ;  M.  McCabe,  105*.  For  School  Com- 
missioner—H.  H.  Hill,  1,659 ;  Dr.  M.  Woolley,  1,182  ;  A.  D.  Jones,  21. 

The  following  townships  voted  for  or  against  township  subscription  to  the 
Fairbury,  Pontiac  &  Northwestern  R.  R.  Co.: 

FOR.  AGA1N3T. 

Amity... 90  9 

Eppard's  Point 67  25 

Newtown 76  49 

Pontiac 374  6 

Esmen 75  

Indian  Grove 273  211 

Avoca  65  63 

0  wego 90  

This  voting  in  aid  of  the  railroad  was  under  the  law  of  1869,  which  gave 
to  all  counties,  townships,  cities  and  towns,  which  voted  such  aid,  all  the  State 
tax  which  should  be  raised,  for  ten  years  after  such  voting,  upon  the  increase  of 
assessment  over  the  assessment  of  the  year  1868  ;  to  be  used  by  such  counties, 
etc.,  as  a  fund  for  paying  the  interest  and  meeting  the  principal  of  such  bonds 
at  maturity — commonly  known  as  the  "grab  law."  The  law  was  deemed 
vicious  in  its  spirit  and  eflFect ;  and,  after  several  years  of  operation,  in  which 
millions  of  indebtedness  was  voted  throughout  the  State,  the  Supreme  Court 
declared  it  unconstitutional — or  rather,  that  the  act  had  been  repealed  by  the 
Constitution  of  1870. 

By  virtue  of  this  vote,  bonds  were  issued  by  all  townships  thus  voting, 
except  Esmen,  which  ignored  the  vote  entirely,  on  the  ground  that  the  seventy - 
five  votes  cast  were  not  a  majority  of  all  the  voters  of  the  town.  This  view  was 
held  by  Dr.  Woolley,  who,  as  Supervisor  of  the  Township,  would  not  consent  to 
the  issuing  of  the  bonds  on  that  vote. 

The  bonds  thus  issued,  aggregating  $220,000,  were  given  to  the  company, 
which  built  the  road,  now  the  Chicago  k  Paducah. 

July  2,  1870,  an  election  was  held  for  and  against  the  new  Constitution, 
and  the  articles  submitted  separately,  all  of  which  received  very  nearly  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  county,  the  article  on  Minority  Representation  having 
473  votes  against  it. 

*  Votes  cast  for  Temperance  ticket. 


270  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

At  this  election,  Hon.  John  M.  Scott  received  1,304  votes  for  Judge  of  the 
Third  Judicial  District,  and  was  at  that  time  elected  Supreme  Judge,  E.  S. 
Terry  receiving  704  votes  for  the  same. 

At  the  November  election,  the  vote  cast  was  only  3,100.  The  Republican 
ticket  was    elected,  except    Sheriff,  by  an    average    majority  of  about  150. 

Under  the  new  Constitution,  the  county  was  a  legislative  district  alone  for 
that  single  election,  and  was  entitled  to  two  Representatives.  The  vote  was : 
For  Representatives — John  Stillwell,  1,607;  J.  G.  Strong,  1,607;  Rufus  W. 
Babcock,  1,527 ;  J.  I.  Dunlop,  1,446. 

For  an  additional  Senator,  the  vote  was :  For  Wra.  Reddick,  1,720  ;  For 
E.  Follett  Bull,  1,391.  For  Sheriff— J.  W.  Hoover,  1,613 ;  S.  L.  Glover, 
1,500.     For  Coroner— J.  J.  Wright,  1,676;   Samuel  Stewart,  1,444. 

In  1871,  Aaron  Weider  was  re-elected  Treasurer,  and  ^A.  C.  Huetson  Sur- 
veyor, without  serious  opposition. 

In  October,  1870,  Hon.  M.  B.  Loomis,  State  Attorney,  having  removed  to 
Chicago,  where  he  was  subsequently  elected  County  Judge,  Gov.  Palmer 
appointed  Chris.  C.  Strawn,  of  P(»ntiac,  in  his  place.  Mr.  Strawn,  though  a 
young  lawyer,  just  commencing  practice,  proved  a  very  efficient  and  successful 
officer. 

At  the  Presidential  election,  1872,  5,355  votes  were  polled.  U.  S.  Grant 
received  3,110;  Horace  Greeley,  1,888:  O'Connor,  201.  For  Governor — 
R.  J.  Oglesby,  3,153 ;  Gustavus  Koerner,  2,062. 

•  The  Liberal  defection  from  the  Republican  party  was  noticeable  mostly  in 
those  townships  where  a  strong  German  element  existed,  but  its  influence  was 
somewhat  felt  throughout  the  county. 

A  new  apportionment  had  been  made  for  Congressional  Representative, 
and  the  county  was  placed  with  Kankakee,  Iroquois,  Ford,  Marshall  and  Wood- 
ford, making  the  Eighth  District. 

An  earnest  contest  occurred  in  the  Republican  Convention  for  nomination 
for  Congressman,  the  District  being  so  strongly  Republican  that  it  was  believed 
a  nomination  carried  the  certainty  of  election.  After  repeated  ballots,  Green- 
bury  L.  Fort,  of  Marshall,  was  nominated  ;  and,  being  elected,  has  continued  to 
represent  the  county  in  Congress  from  that  time.  The  vote  for  Congressional 
Representative  was:  For  G.  L.  Fort,  3,158;  for  G.  0.  Barnes,  2,111. 

At  this  election,  we  were  for  the  first  time  in  a  new  Senatorial  and  Repre- 
sentative District,  with  Ford  County  comprising  the  Eighteenth  District. 
Under  a  scheme  known  as  "  Minority  Representation,"  a  State  Senator  and 
three  Representatives  were  elected,  but  only  two  of  which  Representatives 
could  be  on  the  same  ticket ;  that  is,  tlie  voter  may  vote  three  votes  for  the 
same  candidate,  or  two  for  one  and  one  for  another ;  or  one  and  one-half  vote 
for  each  of  two ;  or  one  vote  each  for  three  candidates. 

The  vote  for  Senator  was:  For  J.  G.  Strong,  3,093  ;  for  Wm.  Colon,  2,162. 
For  Representatives— Luoien  Bullard,  4,313  ;  John  Pollock,  4,152^  ;  John  P. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUmV.  271 

Middlecoff,  2,o01 ;  John  F.  Blackburn,  3,001|;  Robert  Thompson,  2,186|, 
The  three  former  were  elected.  For  State's  Attorney,  James  H.  Funk  received 
3,116  ;  H.  H.  Brower,  2,151.  For  Circuit  Clerk— J.  A.  Fellows,  3,244  ;  S.  S. 
Brucker,  2,058 ;  For  Sheriff— B.  E.  Robinson,  2,883  ;  J.  W.  Hoover,  2,472. 

Late  in  this  year,  a  movement  took  form  which,  within  a  year,  politically 
revolutionized  the  county.  No  history  would  be  complete  which  did  not  take 
note  of  the  causes  which  led  to  one  of  the  most  remarkable  political  movements 
in  the  history  of  the  county. 

The  year  had  been  a  bountiful  one  in  the  production  of  the  staple  crop  of 
the  county,  corn.  During  several  preceding  years,  the  crop  had  been  meager, 
and  prices  had  ruled  high.  With  this  year's  extraordinary  yield,  the  prices  fell 
to  the  lowest  known  since  the  general  settlement  of  the  county.  With  the 
farmers  of  this  county,  corn  is  the  chief  article  of  sale.  With  interest  to  pay 
upon  their  indebtedness,  which  was  large,  payments,  taxes,  store  bills,  hired 
help  to  meet  in  addition  to  the  actual  family  necessities,  with  freights  as  high 
as  at  any  time,  a  feeling  of  uneasiness  became  general,  and  complaint  grew 
against  the  oppression  of  capital  as  aggregated  in  the  enormous  railroad  corpora- 
tions of  the  State. 

It  was  believed  that  in  justice  the  railroads  ought  to  reduce  their  rates,  and 
at  least  divide  the  losses  which  the  farmers,  their  chief  patrons,  were  meeting  in 
selling  their  chief  crop  at  ruinous  prices.  It  did  not  reduce  the  general  dis- 
satisfaction at  all  to  be  told  that  if  it  Avere  not  for  the  railroads  they  could  not 
sell  their  superabundant  crop  at  any  price ;  nor  did  it  meet  the  case  to  be 
advised  that  they  ought  to  hold  their  crop  till  they  could  realize ;  for  with  per- 
haps a  majority  sales  were  necessary.  About  this  time,  the  Legislature  had 
passed  a  law  requiring  all  railroads  and  warehouses  to  reduce  their  rates.  The 
law  was  openly  defied,  and  suits  were  at  once  commenced  on  the  part  of  the 
people  of  the  State  to  compel  a  compliance  with  the  law.  The  idea  that  these 
monster  corporations  were  above  all  law,  while  the  natural  citizen  must  comply 
or  go  to  jail,  was  not  a  pleasant  one  to  contemplate.  It  took  two  bushels  of 
corn  to  pay  the  freight  on  one  to  tide-water. 

With  foreclosures  staring  many  citizens  in  the  face,  and  inability  to  pay 
their  just  debts,  with  the  largest  crop  they  ever  raised  in  their  possession,  their 
minds  were  naturally  led  toward  united  political  action.  While  in  other  counties 
the  matter  was  hardly  thought  of,  in  this  the  entire  community  was  aroused  to 
seek  any  relief  they  could  find.  A  few  citizens  of  the  township  of  Pike  met 
together  and  called  a  County  Convention  to  demand  a  redress  of  grievances. 

The  convention  met  and  warmed  up  in  its  denunciation  of  monopolies,  and 
the  "Farmers'  Mevement "  was  fairly  launched  in  this  county.  Granges  of 
the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  were  started  in  every  neighborhood,  and  men  and 
women  pledged  each  other  to  defend,  unto  death,  the  interests  of  the  farmers 
against  monopolies. 


272  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

t 
The  unfortunate  result  of  the  Greeley  movement  had  already  convinced 
many  that  the  Democratic  party  was  practically  dead,  by  suicide ;  and  many 
who  did  not  particularly  sympathize  with  the  farmers  were  anxious  to  find  some 
healthy  political  organization  with  which  to  connect  themselves.  The  move- 
ment was  the  outgrowth  of  political  injustice  and  business  oppression.  The 
farmers  had  but  too  many  reasons  for  feeling  that  their  interests  were  deemed 
as  naught,  by  the  combined  and  controlling  aggregation  of  capital,  and,  whether 
blind  or  not,  saw  no  other  way  but  by  political  organization  to  save  themselves. 
Thus  was  the  Anti-Monopoly  party  formed  in  this  county,  which  for  years, 
under  one  name  or  another,  exercised  a  controlling  influence  on  the  political 
affairs  of  the  county,  and  gradually  grew  into  the  Greenback  party. 

In  the  judicial  election  of  1873,  Nathaniel  J.  Pillsbury  received  the  unani- 
mous vote  of  the  county  for  Circuit  Judge,  and  was  elected,  being  the  first 
citizen  of  this  county  to  receive  that  honor.  He  still  remains  upon  the  bench, 
and  is  showing  such  excellent  judicial  qualifications  that  his  continuance  is 
apparently  alone  dependent  on  his  own  choice. 

At  the  November  election  of  this  year,  the  two  tickets  in  the  field  were 
Republican  and  Anti-Monopoly.  The  latter  swept  the  county  by  a  majority  of 
nearly  1,400  votes.  The  vote  Avas  :  For  County  Judge — R.  R.  Wallace,  2,725; 
L.  E^Payson,  1.322.  For  Clerk— G.  W.  Langford,  2,254;  W.  H.  Jenkins,  1,811. 
For  Treasurer — J.  H.  Stitt,  2,526;  A.  G.  Goodspeed,  1,560.  For  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools— M.  Tombaugh,  2,728 ;  J.  W.  Smith,  1,295.  Republican 
majorities  were  given  only  in  the  townships  of  Eppard's  Point,  Pontiac,  Indian 
Grove,  Avoca,  Odell  and  Forrest.  Several  towns  did  not  cast  a  vote  for  that 
ticket,  so  complete  and  sweeping  was  the  revolution.  The  Democratic  party 
was  for  the  time  being  extinct,  their  vote  being  generally  given  to  the  new  party. 
In  1874,  the  vote  ^as  :  For  Sheriff— B.  E.  Robinson,  2,326  ;  A.  W.  Sny- 
der, 1,926.     For  Coroner— E.  G.  Johnson,  2,185;  S.  Stewart,  2,052. 

In  1875,  the  vote  was :  For  Treasurer— J.  H.  Stitt,  1,943  ;  Martin  Dolde, 
1,909.     For  Survevor— B.  F.  Hotchkiss,  1,987  ;  M.  B.  Logier,  1,867. 

The  vote  polled  in  1876  was  6,858,  of  which  R,  B.  Hayes  received  3,551 ; 
S.  J.  Tilden,  2,134;  Peter  Cooper,  1,170  ;  and  the  Anti-Masonic  ticket,  3. 
For  Governor— Shelby  M.  Cullom,  3,509  ;  Lewis  Steward.  3,327.  For  Con- 
gi-ess— G.  L.  Fort,  3,538 ;  George  W.  Parker,  3,310.  For  State  Senator— 
S.  T.  Fosdick,  3,485;  C.  C.  Strawn,  8,338.  For  Representative— E.  C. 
Allen,  6,7781 ;  Geo.  B.  Gray,  5,546* :  John  H.  Collier,  4,920 ;  John  Rich- 
ardson, 3,1331.  For  State's  Attorney — D.  L.  Murdock,  3,539  ;  George  W 
Patton,  3,297.  For  Circuit  Clerk— Wm.  H.  Jenkins,  3,679 ;  W.  S.  Sims, 
3,157.  For  Sheriff— B.  E.  Robinson,  3,479  ;  John  Thompson,  3,316.  The 
vote  for  Jenkins  is  the  largest  ever  cast  singly  for  any  man  in  this  county,  and 
the  vote  for  Allen  the  largest  ever  cast  for  one  man. 

At  an  election  held  August  2,  1877,   for  an  additional    Circuit    Judge, 
Franklin  Blades  received  nearly  the  unanimous  vote. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  273^ 

In   1877,  the  vote  for  county  officers  was  :    For  Judge — R.   R.   Wallace, 
2,677  ;  A.  P.  Wright.  2.208  ,  J.  Duff,  466.     For  Clerk— Alvin  Wait,  2,515  ; 
G.  W.  Langford,   2,475;    J.  Mcllduff,   382.     For    Treasurer— I.  J.  Krack, 
2,349;    J.   n.   Stitt,   2,334;    J.   T.   Bullard,   650.     For    Superintendent    of 
Schools— M.  Tombaugh,  2,866 ;  0.  F.  Avery,  2,240. 

This  closes  the  political  and  official  annals  of  the  county.  The  reader  will 
find  them  complete  in  the  record  of  all  facts  of  interest,  except  that  the  abstract 
of  votes  for  the  years  1837,  1841,  1851,  1856  and  1871  are  not  on  file  in  the 
office  of  the  County  Clerk.  They  are  supposed  to  have  been  lost  at  the  time  of 
the  fire,  and  there  is  no  known  way  of  restoring  them,  unless  the  county  orders 
them  restored  from  the  files  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 

ANNALS    OF    THE    CIRCUIT    COURT. 

The  first  term  of  the  Livingston  County  Circuit  Court  was  held  October 
21,  1839,  by  Judge  S.  H.  Treat,  now  of  the  United  States  Court.  At 
the  time  the  county  was  organized,  it  was  placed  in  the  First  Circuit,  but 
the  Judge  sitting  in  that  circuit  did  not  get  time  to  come  here,  no  law 
had  been  passed  fixing  the  time  for  holding  Circuit  Court  in  this  county, 
and  the  Clerk  had  moved  away  out  of  the  State.  By  the  act  of  1839,  we  were 
placed  in  the  Eighth  Circuit,  and  October  fixed  for  the  time  of  holding  Court. 
Judge  Treat  wrote  up  the  record,  and  in  the  minutes  his  own  attendance  is 
mentioned,  and  that  of  David  B.  Campbell,  State's  Attorney  ;  Nicholas  Hefner, 
Sheriff;  David  Davis  and  Geo.  B.  Markley,  attorneys.  An  order  was  entered 
removing  the  Clerk,  Henry  Weed,  by  reason  of  his  absence  from  the  State  for 
more  than  a  year,  and  appointing  D.  B.  Campbell  Clerk  pro  tetn.  No  grand 
or  petit  jurors  were  summoned  to  this  term.  Twenty-nine  cases  were  on  the 
docket,  and  parties  litigant  seem  to  have  been  taken  by  surprise,  for  against 
eighteen  of  the  cases  the  minute  is  entered,  '*  Neither  party  appearing,  this  case 
is  continued."  Nicholas  Hefner  filed  his  bond  as  Sheriff,  and  it  was  approved. 
C.  W.  Reynolds  filed  his  appointment  as  Clerk,  and  Judge  Treat  certified  that 
Hefner  had  attended  Court  one  day. 

At  the  May  term,  1840,  W.  G.  Hubbard  was  appointed  Foreman  of  the 
Grand  Jury,  and,  being  charged  by  the  Court,  retired — Judge  Treat  says  in  a 
letter — to  some  convenient  saw-logs  by  the  mill  near  by. 

The  grand  jury  returned  five  indictments,  the  first  of  which  was  for  selling 
whisky  contrary  to  the  statutes  made  and  provided.  It  is  not,  perhaps,  singu- 
lar that  the  first  indictment  ever  returned  to  our  Court  was  for  that,  and  it  will 
not  be  hard  to  anticipate  that  the  last  one  may  possibly  be  for  the  same 

This  term,  Hefner  was  certified  to  for  two  davs'  attendance. 

At  the  October  term,  1840,  Garret  M.  Blue  appears  as  Sheriff.  At  the 
April  term,  1843,  D.  S.  Ebersol  Avas  appointed  Clerk,  and  Augustus  Fellows 
Master  in  Chancery.  At  the  September  term,  1844,  R.  P.  Breckenridge 
appeared  as  Sheriff,  and  John  Blue  as  Coroner.    At  the  September  term,  1846, 


274  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Andrew  McMillan  appeared  as  Circuit  Clerk.  At  the  June  term,  1847,  John 
D.  Caton  presided  as  Judge.  At  the  June  term,  1848,  S.  C.  Ladd  appeared 
as  Clerk.  At  the  December  term,  1848,  T.  Lyle  Dickey  presided,  and  Murrill 
Breckenridge  was  Sheriff.  At  the  November  term,  1850,  Hugh  Henderson,  of 
the  Eleventh  Circuit,  held  court  in  exchange  with  Judge  Dickey,  and  B.  0. 
Cook  appears  as  State's  Attorney.  September,  1851,  Henry  Loveless  was 
Sheriff.  September,  1852,  David  Davis  was  Judge,  and  J.  0.  Glover  State's 
Attorney.  May,  1853,  E.  S.  Leland  was  Judge  ;  Geo.  W.  Boyer,  Clerk  ;  Jere- 
miah Mathis,  Sheriff ;  W.  H.  L.  Wallace,  State's  Attorney.  In  September, 
1853,  B.  C.  Cook  was  appointed  State's  Attorney  pro  tern.  In  1855,  W.  B. 
Lyon  appeared  as  Sheriff.  This  brings  the  record  down  through  the  earlier 
days. 

The  first  deed  recorded  was  one  by  Benj.  Darnall  and  wife  to  Garret  M. 
Blue,  consideration  $100,  bearing  date  October  15,  1836,  for  the  west  half  of 
the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  14,  Town  28,  Range  4  ;  the  said  land  being  in 
McLean  County. 

FARMING    IN   THE    OLDEN    TIME. 

The  way  our  fathers  performed  their  farming  operations  is  so  little  known 
to  the  present  generation,  who  depend  so  much  on  improved  farm  machinery 
and  require  their  horses  to  do  all  the  work  which  men,  women  and  children 
formerly  did,  that  a  description  of  the  olden  way  cannot  prove  uninteresting. 

Banish  reapers,  mowers,  corn  planters,  sulky  plows,  wire-tooth  horse  rakes, 
double-shoveled  plows,  horse  hay  forks,  threshing  machines,  grape-vine  cradles, 
and  a  conception  can  be  formed  of  the  primitive  farming  facilities.  Corn  was 
"got  in  "  in  this  way  :  After  the  land  had  been  plowed,  it  was  harroAved  and 
"marked  out"  both  ways,  one  way  with  a  small,  eight-inch  mold-board  plow, 
and  the  other  by  a  marker  made  of  4x4  scantling,  having  on  it  four  blocks  or 
pegs,  which  would  mark  three  rows  at  a  time  (if  one  happened  to  have  so  con- 
venient an  article,  otherwise  the  land  was  marked  out  both  ways  with  the  corn 
plow).  This  marker  had  attached  to  it  a  pair  of  shafts,  and  a  boWed  sapling 
for  a  handle.  If  the  horse  was  "handy"  and  tractable,  the  marking  could  be 
done  without  the  aid  of  a  rider ;  but  horses  were  so  seldom  driven  single  that 
the  boys,  who  had  most  of  this  kind  of  work  to  do,  could  not  manage  them  well 
enough  to  perform  the  work  without  a  rider,  so  a  "  low-priced  boy  "  was  usually 
put  astride  the  horse,  who  rode  as  long  as  the  sheepskin,  which  reduced  the 
terrors  of  bareback  riding,  and  his  unwilling  seat  could  be  induced  to  continue 
an  unhappy  partnership,  when  he  was  exchanged  for  a  new  recruit.  Ah,  the 
horrors  of  this  ad  sternum  service  I  Boys  who  think  riding  horse  is  '"just 
fun  '  should  try  the  experiment  of  a  week's  experience  during  marking-out  and 
corn  plowing  time,  and  endeavor  to  ascertain  just  how  much  fun  can  be 
extracted  from  it. 

After  marking,  all  the  children  were  taken  out  of  school  for  a  week  to 
"  drop"  corn.     The  ancient  farmer  who  was  so  unfortunate  as  to  have  no  grist 


J^v   lHu',/o..  jis^j}.. 


(ncuasca 
FORREST 


iiHivfe«*ni  .f'^»«f^^5 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  277 

'of  children  was  in  a  bad  row  of  stumps.  This  may  account  for  the  tendency 
to  large  families  so  common  in  past  years.  They  had  work  for  the  children  to 
do  in  those  days,  and  Nature  is  kindly  disposed  to  supply  the  wants  of 
population. 

Corn  dropping  was  done  from  little  tin  pails  or  baskets  held  in  the  hand,  or 
buttoned  into  the  clothing  in  front,  or  fastened  by  a  belt  around  the  waist.  The 
covering  was  done  with  a  hoe  having  an  eye  into  which  the  handle  was  put.  This 
was  a  tedious  job  compared  with  our  present  plan,  but  ''  tending  "  the  growing 
crop  was  no  less  so.  "  Plowing  out"  was  all  done  with  one  horse,  using  the 
small  mold-board,  or  a  single-shovel  plow,  when  again  the  small  boy  was  fre- 
(juently  made  to  earn  his  bread  by  the  sweat  of  his — body. 

"  Changing  work  "  was  a  common  device.  While  one  ftirraer  was  getting  his 
land  plowed,  another  wouhl  employ  his  force  of  small  help  in  getting  in  a  crop, 
and  then  return  the  work. 

The  harvesting  and  securing  of  the  small  grain  crops  were  even  more 
tedious. 

The  hay  was  all  cut  with  a  scythe  and  raked  into  windrows  with  a  hand 
rake  ;  the  grain  cut  with  the  old  straight  handled  cradle,  and  raked  into  bundles 
with  a  hand  rake.  Threshing  wheat  was  done  with  a  flail,  and  other  grains 
were  trod  out  by  keeping  a  troop  of  unshod  horses  circulating  over  it,  each  floor- 
ing requiring  about  an  hour.  Where  grain  raising  was  largely  followed,  "  harvest 
hands"  were  scarce,  and  they  often  demanded  and  received  two  or  three  times 
as  much  for  that  as  for  any  other  kind  of  farm  work.  To  swing  a  cradle  all 
day  was  thought  to  be  as  laborious  work  and  calling  for  as  good  pay  as  anything 
to  be  done,  and  he  who  could  "  rake  and  bind  "  and  follow  a  cradle,  keeping  up 
his  swath,  need  not  tramp  for  a  living  during  harvest  time  at  least. 

It  is  not  easy  to  see  how,  with  corn  at  from  six  to  ten  cents  per  bushel,  oats 
little  more,  wheat  from  thirty  to  sixty  cents,  and  other  crops  in  proportion,  the 
farmer  succeeded  in  getting  enough  from  the  proceeds  of  his  crop  to  pay  for  the 
labor  he  was  obliged  to  hire.  It  is  not  difficult  to  understand  why  the  best  land 
that  "  ever  lay  out-doors  '  remained  for  so  long  without  purchasers. 

Of  course  the  farmers  in  those  days  did  not  ride  in  carriages,  nor  pay  heavy 
taxes,  nor  buy  luxuries,  nor  pay  hotel  bills  when  they  traveled,  nor  dress  them- 
selves and  families  in  "store  clothes,"  but  some  of  them  lived  comfortably. 
How  did  they  do  it  ? 

AGRICULTURAL    PRODUCTIONS. 

This  has  been  and  still  remains  pre-eminently  a  farming  county,  very  little 
manufacturing  ever  having  been  done  here.  The  citizens  send  abroad  for  their 
clothes,  their  plows  and  farm  machinery,  for  their  boots,  shoes,  cheese,  many  of 
their  wagons,  and  even  in  a  measure  for  hams  and  bacon.  Since  the  farm  lands 
have  come  into  general  cultivation,  it  has  been  pre-eminently  a  corn  raising 
county.     It  is  believed  that  more  corn  is  now  raised  and  shipped  from  this  than 


278  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

from  any  county  in  the  country.  In  the  earliei"  years,  Winter  wheat  wa* 
largely  and  profitably  grown  ;  cases  occurred  where  the  farmer  paid  for  his 
farm  and  implements  from  his  single  crop  of  wheat.  It  soon  became  an  uncer- 
tain crop,  and  was  gradually  abandoned.  The  growing  of  Spring  wheat  did 
not  long  continue  after  it  had  been  destroyed  a  few  years  by  the  chinch  bug,, 
and  flour  and  wheat  have  become  one  of  the  principal  imports  into  the  county. 
Oats  remain  a  standard  crop,  and  give  a  fair  yield.  In  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  county,  timothy  is  largely  raised  for  seed,  it  being  in  great  demand  in  the 
Eastern  States  by  reason  of  its  freedom  from  the  foul  seeds  which  are  found  in 
that  raised  in  older  States.  In  the  southeast,  flax  is  a  favorite  crop,  ftid  its 
growth  is  extending.  Rye  is  raised  by  many  farmers,  by  reason  of  the  cer- 
tainty of  its  yield  and  because  its  sowing  and  harvest  occur  at  a  time  when 
other  work  is  not  pressing,  and  that  it  is  the  best  crop  to  seed  with,  now  that 
wheat  has  been  abandoned,  and  oats  are  apt  to  grow  so  rank  as  to  smother  the 
young  grass  plants. 

Corn,  however,  is  the  only  real  staple  article  of  farm  production.  The 
county  is  in  the  very  center  of  the  corn  growing  belt ;  the  land  is  better 
adapted  to  its  production,  the  land  is  not  liable  to  wash,  and  may  be  kept 
annuallv  under  plow  without  deterioration.  The  perfection  of  farm  machinery  has 
reduced  the  cost  of  production  of  this  crop  to  the  minimum.  The  rapidity  with 
Avhich  it  makes  returns,  the  security  with  which  it  can  be  stored  a  year  or  more, 
the  importance  of  the  hog  crop,  and  the  cheapness  with  which  it  can  be- 
marketed  in  that  shape,  are  all  inducements  to  raising  corn.  Besides  these,  are 
reasons  found  in  the  needs  of  the  citizens.  The  population  is  largely  made  up 
of  men  with  small  means,  who  purchased  small  farms,  but  had  not  sufficient 
capital  to  fence  and  stock  them  for  varied  agriculture.  Under  the  stimulus 
of  the  no-fence  law,  adopted  in  1867,  these  open  prairies  were  ploAved  and 
planted  in  corn,  without  a  rod  of  fence  on  them,  for  there  was  no  necessity  for 
fencing  their  farms  and  dividing  into  fields.  Among  the  newer  settled  townships, 
there  are  those  which  have  more  than  four-fifths  of  all  their  land  annuallv  in 
corn  ;  pastures  are  rare,  and  herds  of  cattle  are  not  seen.  Time  will  change- 
this,  however,  in  a  measure  ;  but  the  great  staple  will  remain  the  principal 
article  of  production. 

In  the  year  1877,  the  production  of  corn,  by  the  report  of  the  State  Board 
of  Agriculture,  is  put  down  at  10,930,000  bushels.  It  is  believed  that  na 
other  county  in  the  world  raised  so  much. 

Fruits  are  receiving  much  attention.  Apples,  everywhere  the  staple,  are 
becoming  an  important  product.  It  will  be  a  long  time,  however,  before  they 
will  be  found  in  great  abundance  on  all  farms.  The  borer  and  the  blight  make 
havoc  with  the  young  trees  ;  latterly,  the  severe  Winters  have  ruined  many,  old 
and  young,  besides  which,  the  system  of  farming  practiced  is  a  great  hindrance 
to  growing  orchards.  With  few  or  no  cross  fences  on  the  farms,  the  cattle  roami 
at  will  among  the  trees  during  the  Winter  and  early  Spring. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  270 

The  blight  has  left  but  few  pear  trees  growing  in  the  county.  Peaches  are 
an  uncertain  crop. 

Grapes  produce  abundantly-and  reguhirly:  indeed,  no  crop  is  so  certain  of 
producing  a  fair  return.  The  Concord  grape  is  a.s  easily  raised  as  com,  and 
more  sure  of  a  crop. 

Small  fruits  are  fast  popularizing,  where  only  a  few  years  ago  they  were 
only  found  in  the  garden  or  on  the  plantation  of  the  horticulturist. 

The  Snyder  blackberry,  by  reason  of  its  ability  to  stand  our  severest 
Winters,  and  not  being  injured  by  Spring  frosts,  is  fast  being  planted;  all 
other  varieties  are  too  uncertain. 

LIVE    STOCK. 

At  one  period  of  the  history  of  the  county,  sheep  were  largely  raised  :  and  dur- 
ing the  war,  the  high  price  of  wool  stimulated  the  spread  of  this  branch  of  hus- 
bandry unduly.  Particularly  was  this  true  of  the  fine-wooled  varieties,  ^^■ith 
the  close  of  rebellious  hostilities,  prices  fell,  and  disease  began  to  spread  amon» 
the  sheep.  Losses  were  terrible,  and  sheep  husbandry  disappeared  from  the 
county.  There  are  now  only  a  few  of  the  middle  wooled  sheep  kept,  and  thev 
seem  to  be  comparatively  remunerative. 

Late  years  have  shown  a  decided  improvement  in  horses.  The  importation 
of  Clydesdale,  Belgian  and  Norman  horses  into  the  county  has  awakened  a  lively 
interest  in  that  line.  The  peculiar  nature  of  corn  farming  calls  more  for 
strength  and  endurance  than  for  speed  and  action.  The  farmer  reasons  that 
two  horses  are  better  than  three  to  draw  a  plow,  if  they  can  draw  it  as  well. 
The  heavy  work  with  corn  raisers  is  plowing  and  hauling  the  corn  to  market, 
and  both  of  these  require  heavy  horses. 

The  time  was  when  the  cattle  which  roamed  over  these  prairies  showed  dis- 
tinctly the  dun.  black,  brindle  and  yellow  colors  characteristic  of  the  native 
cattle.  Now  the  short  horns  have  so  changed  the  general  appearance  of  the 
herds  that  these  colors  are  seldom  seen.  The  entire  "constitution"'  of  the 
horned  cattle  has  been  reformed — nobody  breeds  or  cares  to  breed  anything 
else.  The  hog  crop  now  cuts  so  important  a  figure  in  the  economy  of  the 
county,  that  much  care  has  latterly  been  taken  to  secure  the  very  best  breeds  for 
profit.  The  Chester  White  gradually  gave  way  to  the  Poland  China,  and  that 
in  turn  to  the  Berkshire,  which  is  now  the  popular,  not  to  say  the  fashionable, 
color. 

The  importation  of  Norman  horses  directly  from  France  is  largely  due  to  the 
active  business  management  of  John  Virgin,  Esq.,  of  Fairbury.  In  IsTO, 
Virgin,  J.  C.  Morrison  and  Decatur  Veatch  formed  a  partnership  for  that  busi- 
ness. Mr.  Virgin  was  sent  out,  and  brought  home  the  first  venture  of  that 
kind.  That  partnership  was  soon  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Mr.  Veatch,  but 
Virgin  has  continued  the  business  of  importation. 


280  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Of  kin  to  the  subject  is  the  organization  of  Agricultural  Societies.  The 
county  society,  now  known  as  the  Livingston  County  Agricultural  Board,  was 
formed  in  1855  by  a  few  citizens.  It  owns  a  fine  fair  ground  on  the  bank  of 
the  river  at  Pontiac,  which  is  beautifully  shaded  with  native  trees,  and  has  a 
fine  half-mile  track  on  it. 

The  Fairbury  Union  Agricultural  Society  was  formed  in  1875,  as  a  stock 
company,  and  owns  a  fine  ground  at  Fairbury.  These  two  stimulate  a  gener- 
ous rivalry,  and  are  the  means  of  vast  good  to  the  cause  in  the  county. 

RAILROADS. 

The  four  railroads  which  pass  through  the  county  make  no  small  item  in  the 
importance  and  wealth  of  the  county.  From  their  building  dates  the  filling  up 
of  our  county  and  the  bringing  its  lands  into  market.  Without  them  we  were, 
and,  in  all  human  probability,  would  have,  remained  a  waving  prairie. 

The  first  road  in  date  of  construction,  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi,  running 
from  Joliet  to  Alton,  was  built  in  1853  and  '54.  A  few  years  later,  it  was  sold 
out  on  the  second  mortgage,  and  bid  off  by  Joel  A.  Matteson,  for  |6,500.  He 
run  it  for  a  time,  and  then  permitted  it  to  be  sold,  and  it  was  purchased  by  T. 
B.  Blackstone  and  others,  Avho  formed  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Company,  and  have 
made  it  a  successful  road.  The  company  purchased  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
stock  of  the  Chicago  &  Joliet  road,  and  now,  practically,  it  is  a  continuous  line. 
The  stations  on  their  main  line  are  Dwight,  Odell,  Cayuga,  Pontiac  and 
Ocoya.  In  1869,  this  road  built  the  Western  Division,  running  from  Dwight 
through  the  northern  part  of  the  county  to  Streator,  thence  southwest  to  Wash- 
ington, in  Tazewell  County,  with  Nevada,  Blackstone  and  Smithdale  on  it,  and 
about  the  same  time  put  down  a  second  track  from  Odell  north  as  far  as 
Gardner. 

This  road  now  has  sixty  miles  of  track  in  the  county.  In  the  years  1858 
and  'oU,  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  road  was  built  through  the  county.  It 
was  then  known  as  the  Eastern  Extension  of  the  Peoria  &  Oquawka  R.  R. 
The  road  becoming  embarrassed,  the  Peoria  &  Oquawka  part  of  it  passed  into  the 
possession  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.,  and  all  the  company 
had  was  an  extension  to  a  road  they  did  not  own.  The  company  was  re-organ- 
ized as  at  present  known,  and  pushed  their  road  on,  reaching  the  Mississippi  at 
Burlington,  Keokuk  and  Warsaw.  They  own  eighteen  miles  of  track  in  this 
county.  Its  stations  are  Fairbury,  Forrest  and  Chatsworth.  The  road  now 
known  as  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  has  a  local  history,  it  being  a  Livingston 
County  corporation.  In  1865,  Mr.  Samuel  L.  Fleming,  of  Pontiac,  a  man  who 
had  spent  a  small  fortune  in  railroading,  drew,  and  got  passed  by  the  Legisla- 
ture, a  charter  for  a  railroad  from  Ottawa  to  Fairbury.  The  corporators  ' 
named  in  the  charter  were  S.  C.  Ladd,  B.  P.  Babcock,  Samuel  L.  Fleming, 
Nelson  Buck,  Jonathan   Duff,  Wm.   Strawn,  R.  B.  Harrington,  S.  C.  Crane, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  281 

John   Dehiier,  Walter  Cornell,  M.   E.   Collins,  Ralph   Plumb,    Enoch   Lundy, 
David  Mcintosh,  H.  L.  Marsh,  W.  G.  McDowell,  J.  W.  Strevell,  I.  B.  Tyler 

and  Wrn,  B.  Lyon. 

In  1867,  the  charter  was  amended  so  that  the  road  might  run  anywhere 
northerly  and  southerly  of  Pontiac— that  point  being  retained.  The  name, 
however,  in  the  charter  was  retained.  Under  the  impetus  given  to  railroad 
building  by  the  "grab  law"  of  1869,  the  company  was  formed,  M.  E.  Collins 
being  elected  President  and  S.  S.  Lawrence,  Secretary.  The  townships  of 
Indian  Grove,  Avoca,  Eppard's  Point,  Owego,  Pontiac,  Amity  and  Newtown 
issued  bonds,  and  with  these  in  hand  the  Fairbury,  Pontiac  &  Northwestern 
Company  made  a  c^ontract  with  Col.  Ralph  Plumb,  of  Streator,  Col.  W.  H.  W. 
Cushman,  of  Ottawa,  and  David  Strawn,  to  build  and  equip  the  road,  transfer- 
ring to  them  all  the  bonds  and  issuing  the  stock  to  them,  so  that  when  built  it 
became  theirs.  In  this  contract  was  a  stipulation  that  the  parties  of  the  second 
part  would  never  transfer  the  road  to  the  Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R.  Co.;  the  intent 
being,  of  course,  to  keep  this  a  competing  road.  They  built  the  road  from  Streator 
through  this  county,  pushing  it  south  through  Ford,  Champaign,  Piatt,  Moul- 
trie, Shelby  and  Effingham  Counties  to  Altamont.  Its  stations  in  this  county 
are  Newtown,  Cornell,  Rowe.  Pontiac,  McDowell,  Lodemia,  Fairbury,  Murphy's 
and  Strawn.  It  connects  at  Streator  with  the  Ottawa  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  k  Quincy.     It  has  forty-one  miles  of  track  in  the  county. 

The  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  has  about  twelve  miles  of  track 
through  the  county,  having  stations  at  Reading  and  Long  Point. 

Several  other  railroad  projects  are  in  contemplation  or  progress,  principal 
among  which,  that  are  likely  to  be  built  at  no  distant  day,  are  the  road  from 
Dwicrht  to  Kankakee,  and  the  Decatur  &  State  Line  road,  to  pass  through  the 
eastern  tier  of  townships. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

In  the  early  days,  the  newspaper  was  not  thought  to  be,  as  now,  a  necessity 
of  civilization.  Men  had  other  ways  of  spending  their  time  than  poring  over 
column  after  column  of  Tribune,  Inter-Ocean  or  Times;  but  with  the  railroad 
came  the  printing  press,  awd  we  find  flung  to  the  prairie  breeze,  Mar«h  14, 
1855,  from  "Ladd's  building,  immediately  north  of  the  Court  House,  Pontiac, 
Illinois,"  the  Livingston  County  News,  published  and  edited  by  J.  S.  France— 
"  independent  in  everything."  It  was  a  twenty-four  column  paper,  well  printed  for 
the  times,  having  only  two  columns  of  advertisements.  Just  how  many  subscri- 
bers it  had  is  hard  to  state,  but  a  reasonable  guess  could  hardly  place  the  number 
above  two  hundred.  The  first  number,  which  is  carefully  preserved  among  a 
marvelous  conglomeration  of  other  county  antiquities,  newspapers,  books,  old 
demijohns,  with  their  sere  and  yellow  contents,  with  a  chaos  of  unenumerated 
articles,  by  Uncle  Jacob  Streamer,  of  Pontiac,  contains  an  editorial  bewailing 
the  lack  of  school  houses  and  churches^,  and  the  blighting  prevalence  of  intem- 


.■V'V*' 


282  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

perance ;  an  account  of  a  temperance  meeting,  at  which  W.  T.  Garner,  Wm. 
B.  Lyon,  H.  H.  Norton,  I.  P.  McDowell  and  Robert  Aerl  were  appointed  a 
committee  to  call  on  the  liquor  sellers,  and  remonstrate  vvith  them  against  con- 
tinuing their  nefarious  business  ;  upon  failure  to  desist,  they  were  to  be  prose- 
cuted according  to  law.  A  committee,  consisting  of  Nelson  Buck,  Dr.  Darius 
J.ohnson  and  J.  H.  McGregor,  presented  a  stirring  lot  of  resolutions,  which  were 
heartily  adopted  by  the  meeting.  A  list  giving  the  discount  at  which  bank  bills 
were  received  also  appears,  with  a  long  list  of  "closed  banks,"  which  was 
expected  to  need  to  be  "  revised  and  corrected  weekly,"  like  the  market  reports. 
A  statement  of  the  profit  of  wheat  growing  is  made  by  Mr.  John  J.  Taylor,  in 
which  he  shows,  in  double  entry,  how  his  wheat  crop  of  the  preceding  year  had 
paid  all  the  expense  of  buying,  improving  and  working  his  farm,  including  pur- 
chase money,  and  the  harvesting  of  his  crop.  An  old  citizen  remarks  that  this 
ruined  many  a  man,  as,  for  several  years  after  that,  wheat  raising  proved  unre- 
munerative. 

D.  Johnson  and  J.  M.  Perry  were  the  physicians;  J.  S.  France,  George 
Bishop  and  McGregor  &  Dart  the  attorneys,  and  J.  Streamer,  Ladd  &  Mc- 
Dowell, Buck  &  Gray,  the  merchants,  having  cards  in  this  first  paper.  It  ought 
to  be  added  here  that  some  time  before  this,  Thomas  Cotton  had  published  a 
paper  at  New  Michigan,  which  did  not  survive  its  second  number.  The  issues 
of  his  paper  which  did  see  light  were  devoted  to  enforcing  Mr.  Cotton's  well 
known  reform  principles. 

During  the  first  year  of  its  publication,  France  transferred  the  News  to 
Philip  Cook  and  M.  A.  Renoe ;  Cook  soon  after  selling  to  Jones.  During  the 
proprietorship  of  Cook  &  Renoe,  which  was  during  the  dark  and  bloody  days  in 
which  "Bleeding  Kansas"  furnished  inspiration  for  most  political  discussion, 
the  liberal  sentiments  of  the  proprietors  did  not  permit  them  to  hold  their  peace, 
even  in  an  "independent"  paper.  In  one  of  the  papers,  the  editor  complains 
that  Capt.  Payne  had  falsely  accused  them  of  running  an  "  Abolition  paper." 
The  younger  generation  will  probably  never  know  the  height  and  the  depth  of 
infamy  which  attached  to  that  term  in  the  mind  of  the  average  Illinoian  of  a 
generation  ago.  Renoe  k  Jones  sold  the  News  to  Albee,  and  the  publication  was 
soon  after  discontinued. 

Cook  &  Gagan  started  the  Pontiac  Sentinel  in  July,  1858,  as  a  Republican 
paper.  They  sold  to  M.  E.  Collins,  he  to  Stout  &  Decker,  they  to  W.  F.  Dens- 
low,  he  to  Stout.  Stout,  in  1866,  purchased  a  Taylor  cylinder  press,  at  an 
expense  of  about  $1,500,  and  soon  after  the  entire  concern  was  consumed  by 
fire,  with  but  little  insurance  with  which  to  start  anew.  The  paper  was  going 
again  within  two  weeks,  and  in  1869  he  sold  to  Jones  &  Renoe,  Avho  werepub- 
lishing  the  Free  Press,  who  consolidated  the  papers  under  the  name  of  Sentinel 
a  d  Press.  In  July,  1873,  H.  C.  Jones  became  sole  proprietor,  and  changed 
the  name  again  to  the  Sentinel,  and  in  1875,  sold  to  F.  L.  AUes,  who  still  owns 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  283 

and  edits  it.  During  all  these  changes  it  has  remained  Republican,  and  for 
twenty  years — the  life  of  the  Republican  party — it  has  battled  for  the  success  of 
that  party. 

The  Republican  was  started  in  1865,  by  Thomas  Harper,  and  was  published 
by  him  for  a  year.  E.  B.  Buck,  noAv  of  Charleston,  Coles  County,  started  the 
Constitution  in  1864,  as  the  organ  of  the  Democratic  party,  and  published  it 
about  six  months,  when  the  material  fell  to  Maxwell  and  Duff,  who  disposed  of  it. 

Jones  &  Renoe  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Free  Press,  at  Pontiac, 
in  August,  1867.     In  1869,  it  was  consolidated  with  the  Sentinel. 

The  Livingston  County  Democrat  was  started  by  Milton  &  Organ,  in  1868. 
Mr.  Organ  soon  after  became  sole  proprietor,  and  sold  to  Peter  Johnson,  who 
published  it  as  a  Temperance  paper,  for  about  six  months,  when  he  re-sold  it  to 
Mr.  Organ,  who,  after  about  a  year,  suspended  its  publication.  M.  A.  Renoe 
published  the  National  Union  for  several  months  in  1866. 

Thomas  Wing  became  possessed  of  a  printing  office  and  published  the 
People's  Advocate  for  a  few  months,  in  1870.  The  material  was  afterward 
l)ought  by  Prince  Kellogg,  who  removed  it  to  Odell,  and  commenced  the  publi- 
<5ation  of  the  Odell  Times  in  January,  1872,  which,  in  the  course  of  a  year,  he 
sold  to  H.  D.  Wilson,  who  continued  it  for  some  months. 

J.  H.  Warner  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Independent  at  Odell  in 
1869,  and  continued  it  several  months,  when  it  was  discontinued.  , 

John  H.  Hewitt  published  the  Pontiac  Herald  for  a  year,  in  1871-72.  Its 
circulation  was  not  large,  but  its  proprietor  was  happy  with  his  *'  Hurld,"  as 
lie  called  it. 

A.  L.  Bagby  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Pontiac  Free  Trader,  May 
11,  1870,  as  a  Democratic  paper.  In  1871,  Bagby  disappeared,  and  the  pub- 
lication was  suspended,  until  C.  S.  Postlewait  revived  it,  issuing  the  first  num- 
ber of  Volume  2  in  June,  1871,  with  R.  W.  Babcock  as  associate  editor.  C. 
A.  McGregor  and  E.  M.  Johnson  pui'chased  it  in  October,  1871,  for  $150. 
Mr.  Johnson  has  continued  as  co-proprietor  and  editor  without  intermission  from 
that  time.  Jan.  1,  187-4,  M.  A.  Renoe  purchased  McGregor's  interest,  and, 
in  1877,  sold  to  John  Stuff. 

In  1873,  the  Free  Trader  became  the  organ  of  the  Anti-Monopoly  party, 
"which  grew  into  the  Independent  Greenback  party  of  1876,  and  still  remains 
the  vigorous  and  prosperous  champion  of  the  political  doctrines  of  that  party. 

J.  H.  Warner  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Herald  at  Odell,  in  1877, 
and  continues  to  publish  it. 

John  Harper,  the  great  newspaper  starter,  commenced  the  publication  o^ 
the  Intelligencer  at  Fairbury,  in  1863,  which  soon  suspended;  and  Moses 
Osman  published  a  paper  for  awhile. 

In  1866,  H.  S.  Decker  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Journal  at  Fair- 
bury.  He  soon  after  sold  to  I.  P.  McDowell,  and  he  to  Otis  Eastman,  in  1867, 
who  continued  to  publish  it  until  1873. 


284  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

In  June,  1871,  the  Dimmicks  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Inde- 
pendent at  Fairbury,  and  in  1876  C.  B.  Holmes  commenced  the  Blade.  These 
papers  were  published  until  1876,  when  J.  S.  Scibird  became  proprietor,  and 
combined  the  two,  with  the  title  of  Independent- Blade,  which  he  publishes  yet. 

In  June,  1868,  Smith  &  Rutan  began  the  publication  of  The  Weekly  Cou- 
rier at  Dwight,  which,  after  six  months,  was  discontinued. 

May,  5,  1868,  C.  L.  Palmer  commenced  the  Star  at  Dwight,  a  two  column' 
paper  somewhat  larger  than  a  good-sized  shirt  bosom,  which  he  has  continued 
without  change  of  proprietor,  except  the  association  of  his  brother  with  him  for 
a  year  in  1871-2.  It  has  grown  to  a  six-column  quarto,  with  a  steady  growth, 
and  has  continued  its  issue  until  now. 

In  1878,  C.   M.  Cyrus  commenced  the  Dwight  Commercial,  which   is  still 
published.     C.  L.  Palmer  commenced,  in  October,  1875,  the  publication  of  the 
Western  Postal  Review,  a  monthly  paper   devoted  to   matters  of  interest  to- 
Postmasters,  with  Homer  A.  Kenyon  as  editor,  which  is  still  published. 

In  1873,  Dimmick  Bros,  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Palladium  at 
Chatsworth,  which  they  sold  to  George  Torrance,  he  to  C.  B.  Holmes  in  1874. 
The  paper  was  afterward  changed  to  Plaindealer,  and  is  now  published  by  R. 
M.  Spurgen. 

The  press  of  the  county  has  ever  been  marked  by  an  intelligent  and  earnest 
desire  to  promote  public  morals  and  the  general  welfare  of  the  county.  There 
has  been  an  almost  universal  absence  of  personal  animosity  which  so  freijuently 
mars  the  conduct  of  rival  papers.  A  generous  rivalry  has  not  awakened  per- 
sonal hostility,  and  the  general  fairness  has  seldom  been  broken.  The  men  who- 
have  formed  the  editorial  fraternity  have  been  usually  worthy  men,  whose 
influence  has  been  for  good.  This  is  particularly  true  of  those  who  are  at 
present  conducting  this  powerful  and  wide-spreading  department  of  intelligence. 
Who  can  estimate  the  amount  of  good  they  have  and  can  yet  accomplish  ?  The 
first  telegraphic  dispatch  ever  received  in  the  county  was  on  election  night  of 
1856,  giving  the  news  of  the  election  of  Buchanan.  The  Livingston  County 
News  the  next  morning  contained  full  telegraphic  news  of  the  result  of  the 
election  from  all  over  the  country.  It  was  to  all  a  mystery  how  the  news  was 
obtained,  for  it  was  not  supposed  that  the  News  was  able  to  pay  for  all  that 
telegraphic  matter.  A  friend  who  had  somewhere  learned  how  to  read  the 
wires  supplied  the  enterprising  publishers  with  them,  and  that  night  they  were 
put  in  type  as  fast  as  received. 

THE    ANTI-SLAVERY    MOVEMENT. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  the  county,  very  little  of  what  was  called  Abolition 
sentiment  existed.  There  was  plenty,  however,  of  latent  anti-slavery  sentiment, 
and  it  onlv  needed  a  little  friction  to  bring  it  out.  In  1848,  there  were  four 
votes  cast  for  Van  Buren,  and  while  many  voted  for  him  in  some  parts  of  the 
.country  who  were  not,  it  is  pretty  sure  that  these  four  men  were  Abolitionists.. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  285 

It  is  not  now  possible  to  find  out  who  they  were,  but  Capt.  Strawn,  pretty 
good  authority,  says  he  believes  the  four  pioneer  anti-slavery  voters  were  Otis 
Whaley,  George  and  Xenophon  Richards,  and  Moses  Rumery.  At  any  rate 
these  men,  together  with  Dr.  H.  H.  Hinraan,  C.  P.  Paget,  Capt.  Wm 
Strawn,  and  perhaps  James  Stout,  formed  the  nucleus,  a  few  years  after  that 
date,  of  the  first  Abolition  organization  in  the  county.  For  some  years,  they 
had  taken  a  decided  stand  against  the  extension  of  slavery,  and  were  looked 
upon  as  dangerous  men. 

Word  was  brought  to  some  of  them  that  some  of  the  officers  at  Pontiac  had 
captured  a  fugitive  slave  who  was  pushing  through  the  country  to  Canada. 
The  story  ran  that  the  fugitive  was  chained  to  a  staple  driven  into  the  floor  of 
the  old  Court  House.  The  news  created  considerable  excitement,  and  Avas  the 
means  of  the  organization,  by  Dr.  Hinman,  of  an  Abolition  society.  The  slave 
was  returned  to  his  master,  but  he  did  not  suff'er  in  vain,  for  if  ttie  Society 
thus  formed  did  not  liberate  all  the  slaves  in  America,  it  certainly  did  its  part 
toward  it.  Moses  Rumery,  who  was  closely  identified  with  the  movement,, 
did  not  join  the  Society,  as  it  was  both  a  church  and  a  political  organization, 
and  he,  being  a  Methodist,  could  not  well  join  it,  but  was  with  them  in  spirit.. 
These  men  laid  the  track  of  the  underground  railroad  through  the  county, 
with  Rumery  as  conductor,  and  Hinman,  Strawn,  Paget  and  Whaley  as  station 
agents,  flagmen  and  stokers.  No  dividends  were  declared  on  the  stock,  but  the 
officers  worked  with  untiring  zeal,  and  no  more  negroes  were  seen  chained  to 
the  Court  House. 

About  this  time,  an  incident  occurred  which  aroused  the  minds  of  some  citi- 
zens who  had  before  this  been  much  opposed  to  abolition.     One  Sunday  morn- 
ing, about  the  year  1853,  Judge  Babcock,  who  had  recently  purchased  the  Grove 
farm,  heard  a  terrible  racket  down  the  road,  and,  accompanied  by  a  man  who 
was  making  it  his  home  there,  stepped  to  the  road  to  see  what  was  the  matter, 
when  a  most  singular,  and  to  him  a  new  sight,  met  his  eyes.     In  a  covered 
wagon  were  two  as  frightened  negroes  as  ever  drew  breath  in  the  prairie  air  of 
Illinois ;  beside  the  wagon  were  two  men  on  horseback,  demanding  in  the  most 
boisterous  tones  an  unconditional  surrender.      Between  them  and  the  two  chat- 
tels, walked  a  man,  with  a  pistol  in  each  hand,   threatening  the  lives   of   the 
two  pursuers  if  they  came  any  closer,  and  alternately  threatening  the  fugitives  if 
they  attempted  to  get  out  of  the  wagon,  in  response  to  the  demands  of  their 
pursuers.     They  were  two  fugitives,  accompanied  by   a   colored  barber  from 
Bloomington,  and  pursued  by  two  Pontiac  citizens.     As  soon  as  the  pursuers 
saw  Judge  Babcock  and  his  companion,  they  rushed  up  and  demanded  help, 
which  was  politely  refused,  and  then  wanted  to  borrow  their  guns,  which  was 
also  refused,  and  the  Judge  was,  by  the  force  of  circumstances,  forced  to  help 
these  fleeing  fugitives  on  their  way  to  Col.  Stewart  at  Wilmington,  whereas  for 
all  his  life,  up  to  that  moment,  he  had  been  an  opponent  of  all  the  schemes  of 
Abolitionists.     The  next  time  he  went  to  Pontiac,  he  found  it  generally  noised 


"286  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

about  that  "a  d d  Abolitionist  had  just  come  from  York  State,  and  settled 

almost  right  in  our  midst." 

Hon.  William  Strawn,  whose  whole  heart  was  in  the  move,  who  not  only 
spoke  for  the  cause  here,  but  went  to  Kansas  to  fight,  and  afterward  enlisted  in 
the  war  against  rebellion  from  sentiments  of  anti-slavery,  writes:  "My  partic- 
ular acquaintance  with  Livingston  County  did  not  begin  till  1850.  Dr,  H.  H. 
Hinman's  advent  into  the  county  was,  I  think,  in  1852.  A  man  who,  with 
little  physical  strength,  possessed  the  most  magnificent  moral  courage  and 
downright  integrity  of  any  man  I  ever  knew,  save  perhaps,  old  John  Brown, 
who  added  to  an  equal  moral  courage  physical  courage  and  bodily  vigor  of 
grand  proportions.  The  Doctor,  meek,  heroic,  energetic,  persistent  for  the 
right,  like  his  Divine  Master  loving  absolutely  all  men,  instant  in  season  and 
•out  of  season  in  every  good  work,  was  a  power  for  good  in  this  county  which 
few  could  rightly  estimate. 

"  The  precise  date  at  which  James  Stout  came  into  the  county,  I  can- 
not say,  but  to  him  and  Dr.  Hinraan,  this  county  owes  more  than  to  all  others 
-combined  for  redemption  from  pro-slavery  rule.  Courageous  to  a  ftiult,  never 
thoroughly  happy  except  when  miserable — like  the  typical  Englishman  ;  never 
sparing  his  dearest  friend,  if  he  thought  he  caught  him  in  a  mean  trick,  bellig- 
erently honest  to  his  convictions,  he  secured  both  the  enmity  and  sincere 
regard  of  a  vast  proportion  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  county.  *  *  Though 
not  then  a  resident  of  the  county,  I  had  the  honor  to  be  the  anti-slavery  candi- 
•date  for  the  Legislature.  I  remember  making  a  speech  in  the  old  Court 
House,  to  perhaps  an  audience  of  fifteen  persons.  S.  C.  Ladd  was  of  the  num- 
ber, who  thoroughly  agreed  with  me  in  all  propositions,  except  the  voting  part." 

In  addition  it  must  be  said  that  Owen  Lovejoy,  who,  as  a  candidate  for 
Congress,  spoke  here,  did  much  to  arouse  the  latent  anti-slavery  sentiment.  He 
was  probably  the  most  effective  political  speaker  ever  heard  in  this  vicinity. 
Thoroughly  at  heart  believing  every  word  he  spoke,  clear,  positive  and  convinc- 
ing, he  never  had  his  superior  on  the  stump  in  this  State.  The  remarkable 
unanimity  with  which  the  people  of  this  county  accept  the  ideas  which  were  so 
unpopular  a  quarter  of  a  century  since,  the  slow  growth  of  those  ideas  through  the 
previous  quarter,  and  until  the  passage  of  the  "Nebraska  bill,"  that  Pandora's 
box  of  the  propagandism,  illustrates  one  of  those  wise  sayings  of  an  unlearned 
but  very  sensible  negro,  to  a  friend  whose  want  of  information  he  was  lament- 
'  ing,  "Ignorance  is  a  mighty  thing,  sah  !  and  comes  without  study." 

►  NAMES    OF    THE    TOWNSHIPS. 

The  curious  may  want  to  know  who  named  and  why  the  townships  came  to 
be  named  as  they  are.  There  is  almost  always  a  reason  for  any  name.  An 
investigator  once  discovered,  by  close  study,  how  there  came  to  be  so  mary 
Smiths  in  the  world.  He  said,  after  the  Lord  had  thought  of  all  conceivable 
names  to  give  the  different  families.  He  decided  to  call  the  remainder  Smith. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  287 

The  investigator  has  been  among  the  townships.      Reading  was  so  named 
from  the  little  village  in  its  borders,  which  received  its  name  from  old  Reading, 
in  Pennsylvania.      Newtown  was  but  a  slight  change  from  New  Michigan,  a 
little  hamlet  in  that  township,  named  so  in  consequence  of  its  being  settled  by 
Michigan  folks.       Sunbury,  from  the  post  office  of  that  name  in  the  township, 
kept  by  Wm.  K.  Brown.     Nevada,  from  the  prominence  just  then  given  to  the 
present  Western    State  of  that  name,  just  then  drawing  attention.      Dwight, 
from  the  village  of  Dwight,  which  was  named  by  Col.  R.  P.  Morgan,  Jr.,  an 
engineer  on  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  in  honor  of  his  friend,  Henry 
Dwitrht,  the  builder  of  the  road.     Round  Grove,  from  a  small  grove  in  its  bor- 
ders.      Long  Point,  from  the  stream  and  point  of  timber  in  it.      Esmen  was 
named  by  Judge  Babcock.    It  is  the  first  person  plural  of  the  Greek  verb  to  he, 
and  means   "we  are  the  chaps,"  or  words  to  that  effect.     Odell  was  named  by 
S.  S.  Morgan,  after  W.   H.    Odell,   of  Wilmington.     Broughton,  from  and  by 
Wm.  Broughton,  the  first  settler  there.    Nebraska,  by  Reuben  Macey,  from  the 
then  prominence  of  "Nebraska  Bill,"  who  proved  to  be  a  very  important  per- 
sonage in  the  affairs  of  this  county.      Rook's  Creek,  from  the  stream,  named  in 
honor  of  Frederick  Rook,  the  pioneer.     Pontiac,  by  Jesse  W.  Fell,  from  Pontiac, 
Mich.,  where  the  first  settlers  had  moved  from.     Saunemin  is  a  mystery;  the 
•only  man  living  who  ever  knew  how  it  derived  its  name,  and  what  it  means, 
has  forgotten.      Sullivan,  an  abbreviation  for  Sullivant,  who,  at  the  time  it  was 
named,  owned  half  the  town.      Waldo,  by  Parker  Jewett,  who  named  it  from 
his  old  home,  Waldo,  Maine.      Eppard's  Point,  from  the  point  of  timber  land 
in  it.     Indian  Grove,  from  the  grove  in  that  township.     Forrest  was  first  named 
Forestville  by  the  railroad  men,  who  there  encountered,  in  building,  the  only  piece 
of  timber  land  for  fifty  miles  on  their  road.      Frost,  the  President  of  the  com- 
pany, came  along,  one  day,  and  said  it  should  be  changed  to  Forrest,  the  name 
•of  his  New  Yor^  partner,  and  railroad  Presidents  were  a  power  in  those  days. 
Chatsworth,  by  the  officers  of  the  railroad  company,  from  the  country  seat  of 
the   Duke  of  Devonshire.      Germantown,  by  the  German   settlement   in   that 
township. 

MILITARY    RECORD. 

No  history  of  the  county  would  be  complete  without  at  least  brief  mention 
of  the  part  taken  by  her  patriotic  citizens  in  the  struggle  to  mintain  the  unity 
and  the  honor  of  the  Government. 

By  the  census  of  1840,  the  county  had  a  population  of  759,  which  had 
increased  in  1860  to  12,000.  Out  of  this  number,  scarce  1800  were  subject  to 
military  duty  ;  yet  Livingston  County  sent  over  1,500  soldiers  to  the  field. 
Fields  of  ripened  grain  were  left  to  be  harvested  by  women  and  children. 
Pastors  of  churches  exhorted  their  parishioners  to  take  up  arms,  and  set  them 
an  example  by  placing  their  own  names  on  the  muster-roll ;  clerks  threw  down 
the  yard-stick  to  shoulder  the  musket,  and,  in  several  instances,  even  those  hold- 


288  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

in<y  public  offices  resigned  their  positions  and  went  forward  with  their  constitu- 
ents to  battle  for  the  right.  A  number  went  singly  and  in  twos  and  threes, 
and  enlisted  in  various  batteries  and  regiments,  Avhich  cannot  find  separate  men- 
tion ;  but,  in  addition  to  these,  Livingston  sent  the  following   companies  to  the 

field: 

January,  1861,  Company  D,  Twentieth  Illinois  Volunteers,  85  men  ;  of  this 

number,  30  re-enlisted  as  veterans. 

August,   1861,  Company  F,  Thirty-third  Illinois  Volunteers,  40  men;  14 

re-enlisted  as  veterans. 

August  and  September,  1861,  Company  C,  Thirty-ninth  Illinois  Volunteers. 
88  men,  of  whom  30  re-enlisted  as  veterans.  Six  Livingston  County  men  also 
enlisted  in  the  regimental  band  of  this  regiment ;  and  8  men  served  in  Com- 
pany D. 

In  July,  1861,  Company  C,  Forty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  38  men  ;  8 
re-enlisted  as  veterans ;  also  5  men  from  this  county  mustered  in  Company  B 
of  this  regiment. 

January,  1862,  Company  G,  Fifty-third  Illinois  Volunteers,  42  men,  of 
whom   10  re-enlisted  as  veterans. 

In  August,  1862,  when  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Illinois  Volun- 
teers was  formed,  the  county  furnished  the  following  Companies  : 

Company  A,  100  men  ;  Company  B,  62  men ;  Company  C,  94  men ;  Com- 
pany E,  ItO  men  ;  Company  G,  101  men ;  Company  K,  21  men  ;  officers  and 
non-commissioned  officers,  28.     Total,  496. 

January,  1864,  Company  E,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  Illinois  Vol- 
unteers, 13  men.  April,  1864,  Company  F,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth 
Illinois  Volunteers,  57  men.  February,  1864,  Company  G,  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  6  men.  February,  1864,  Company  G,  One- 
Hundred  and  Fifty-fifth  Illinois  Volunteers,  9  men.  August,  ^864,  Company 
A,  Third  Illinois  Cavalry,  20  men.  August,  1864,  Company  D,  Third  Illinois 
Cavalry,  20  men  ;  August,  1864,  Company  K,  Third  Illinois  Cavalry,  118  men ; 
and  in  various  other  companies,  14  men. 

The  Twentieth  Regiment  contained  many  Livingston  County  men,  among 
whom  are  such  well  remembered  names  as  John  A.  Hoskins,  John  A.  Fellows 
and  Joshua  Whitmore.  Hoskins,  who  was  a  soldier  in  the  Mexican  war,  was 
Captain  of  Company  D.  but  was  afterward  promoted  Major. 

Fellows  and  Whitmore  entered  the  service  as  First  and  Second  Lieutenants  of 
Company  D.  This  regiment  first  engaged  the  enemy  under  Jeff".  Thompson,  at 
Fredericktown,  Oct.  20,  1861,  and  in  the  battle  there  fought,  gave  proof  of  the 
splendid  material  of  which  it  was  composed.  On  the  2d  day  of  February,  1862, 
it  marched  into  Fort  Henry,  and  on  the  11th,  it  was  before  Donelson,  and  did 
excellent  service  in  the  famous  three  days'  battle,  which  caused  the  surrender 
of  that  important  post,  together  with  20,000  rebel  troops.  Livingston  claims 
her  full  share  in  this  important  victory,  which  sent  a  thrill  of  joy  to  every  loyal 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY,  289 

heart,  and  revived  the  fainting  hope  of  the  nation.  It  was  here  that  Grant 
uttered  his  "Nothing  but  unconditional  surrender,  "  and  the  nation  took  it  up 
as  a  battle  cry,  and  it  rang  through  the  land,  until  the  last  foe  laid  down  his 
arras.  Four  naen  of  Company  D  were  killed  in  this  battle,  and  many  were  wounded. 
April  6th  and  7th,  this  regiment  fought  at  Shiloh,  and  remained  in  the  service 
during  the  war.  The  troops  were  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  16, 
1865. 

About  one-half  of  Company  F  of  the  Thirty-third  Illinois  Volunteers  were  from 
this  county,  and  enlisted  from  the  northwestern  townships.  The  regiment  had 
an  eventful,  perilous  and  toilsome  service.  It  marched  through  Missouri, 
Arkansas,  Louisiana  and  Texas,  and  did  good  service  at  Vicksburg,  Port  Gib- 
son and  Mobile. 

Company  C,  of  the  Thirty-ninth  Illinois  Volunteers  was  raised  in  this 
county,  in  August,  1861.  It  was  enlisted  from  the  central  townships,  and  was 
composed  of  the  very  best  material.  This  celebrated  reginient  was  better 
known  by  the  name  of  the  "Yates  Phalanx,"  so  named  after  the  patriotic  Gov- 
ernor of  the  State.  It  was  not  filled  up  in  time  to  be  accepted  under  the  first 
call  for  troops,  but  it  kept  up  its  organization  and  drill,  and  after  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run  it  found  no  difficulty  in  entering  the  service.  The  regiment  was 
marched  to  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  the  various  battles,  marches  and 
counter-marches  on  that  historic  ground.  It  afterward  joined  Gen.  Foster's 
command,  at  Newberne,  N.  C,  and  was  marched  from  there  to  Hilton  Head,- 
S.  C.  It  formed  the  advance  of  the  brigade  in  command  of  Col.  Mann,  in  the 
siege  of  Fort  Wagner,  and  marched  into  one  end  of  that  stronghold  while  the 
enemy  were  marching  out  at  the  other.  This  regiment  re-enlisted  in  March, 
1864,  and  again  started  for  the  front.  In  May,  it  was  under  Gen.  Butler,  at 
Drury"s  Bluffs,  and  participated  in  all  the  battles  that  followed,  meeting  with 
loss  after  loss,  until  the  18th  of  October,  when  it » was  reviewed  and  found  to 
contain  only  two  hundred  men,  and  the  highest  officer  left  was  Lieut.  James 
Hannum,  who  was  promoted  to  Captain,  and  who  is  still  living,  and  resides 
near  Cayuga,  in  Esmen  Township.  These  gallant  men  were  engaged  in  tlie 
stormi^ig  of  Fort  Gregg,  where  they  made  a  daring  charge  and  planted  the 
Union  colors  on  the  heights  of  the  parapet,  and  placed  their  name  forever  on 
the  pages  of  national  history.  For  their  heroic  conduct  they  Avere  presented 
with  an  eagle  by  Gen.  Gibbon.  They  fought  in  every  battle  in  which  their 
command  was  engaged,  and  were  present  at  the  final  surrender,  and  were 
mustered  out  Dec.  6,  1865,  a  mere  handful  of  battle-scarred  veterans. 

"  The  muffled  drum's  sad  roll  has  beat 
The  soldier's  last  tattoo  ; 
No  more  on  life's  parade  shall  meet 
The  brave  and  daring  few." 

About  half  of  Company  C,  Forty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  was  raised  in  Read- 
ing Township,  and  served  in  the  Missouri  campaign,  "mit  Siegel."     It  was  in 


290  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  engagement  at  Corinth,  and  at  Stone  River  nearly  half  of  the  regiment 
was  lost ;  it  fought  at  Chattanooga,  re-enlisted  and  again  returned  to  the  front 
in  time  to  take  part  in  the  Atlanta  campaign.  It  was  in  nearly  all  the  battles 
which    resulted  from   the  bold   attempt   of    Hood   to   overrun   Tennessee  and 

Kentucky- 

In  January,  1862,  the  old  hero,  Capt.  Morgan  L.  Payne,  recruited  a  com- 
pany of  men  at  Pontiac.  which  entered  the  service  as  Company  G,  of  the  Fifty- 
third  Illinois  Volunteers.  Payne  had  served  his  country  through  the  Black 
Hawk  war,  was  in  many  a  hard  fought  field  in  the  Mexican  war,  and  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  rebellion  he  closed  his  business  engagements  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible, and  again  took  the  field.  In  March,  this  regiment  was  ordered  to 
Savannah,  Tenn.,  and  arrived  at  Shiloh  just  in  time  to  take  an  active  part  in 
that  engagement ;  it  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  in  the  battle 
of  Jackson  fully  one-half  of  the  regiment  was  lost.  The  regiment  re-enlisted 
and  again  reached  the  front  in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  and 
marched  on  to  Savannah,  and  was  engaged  in  the  campaign  in  North  and 
South  Carolina.  From  thence  it  marched  to  Washington,  D.  C,  and  took  part 
in  the  grand  review  after  the  surrender  of  the  enemv. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Illinois  Volunteers  was  organized  at 
Pontiac,  and  for  some  time  camped  on  the  old  Fair  Grounds,  just  south  of  tlie 
city.  Five  full  companies  were  raised  in  this  county,  four  in  Scott,  and  one  in 
Moline,  Rock  Island  County.  Half  of  its  regimental  ofiicers  were  from  Livingston 
County,  and  when  the  regiment  entered  the  service  it  was  officered  as  follows : 
Colonel,  George  P.  Smith,  of  Dwight ;  Major,  A.  J.  Cropsey,  of  Fairbury  ; 
Adjutant,  Philip  D.  Platenburg,  of  Pontiac;  Sergeant  Major,  H.  H.  McDowell, 
of  Fairbury ;  Surgeon,  Dr.  Darius  Johnson,  of  Pontiac ;  Steward,  J.  A.  Fel- 
lows, of  Pontiac  ;  Chaplain,  Rev.  Thomas  Cotton,  of  Pontiac.  The  Pastor  and 
every  male  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  at  Pontiac,  save  two,  en- 
listed in  this  regiment.  This  church  contained  many  leading  men  who  believed  in 
muscular  Christianity,  and  in  "the  Sword  of  the  Lord  and  of  Gideon;  "  and 
strange  to  say,  after  fighting  innumerable  battles,  and  undergoing  all  kinds  of 
hardships,  every  member  of  this  church  returned  alive.  This  regiment  num- 
bered among  its  company  officers  such  men  as  J.  F.  Culver,  J.  W.  Smith,  J. 
F.  Blackburn,  H.  B.  Reed,  C.  W.  Baird,  B.  F.  Fitch  and  John  B.  Perry,  and 
made  for  itself  a  name  that  shall  last  as  long  as  the  history  of  the  war  shall  be 
preserve!. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  and  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth 
Regiments  contained  many  men  from   this  county  ;    they  were  100-day  men, 
and  did  service  in  Kentucky,  Missouri  and  Tennessee,  under  the  command  of 
Col.  J.  W.  Goodwin,  of  Pontiac. 

The  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fourth  and  One  Hundred  and  Fifty-fifth  Reg- 
iments were  one  year  troops,  and  fought  bushwhackers  in  Tennessee  and 
Kentucky. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


291 


Company  K,  of  the  Third  Cavalry,  was  raised  in  the  vicinity  of  Fairbury, 
and  was  officered  by  Aaron  Weider,  John  Zimmerman  and  Byron  Phelps, 
This  dashing  company  served  during  the  entire  war,  and  saw  as  much  hard 
fighting  as  any  118  men  in  the  service.  Their  regiment  was  better  known  as 
the  Carr  Regiment,  and  was  officered  as  follows,  by  the  Carr  brothers :  Eugene 
A.  Carr,  of  the  regular  army.  Colonel;  Horace  M.,  Chaplain,  and  Byron  Carr, 
Quartermaster. 

Livingston  County  also  gave  twenty  men  to  Companies  A  and  D,  of  the 
Seventeenth  Cavalry,  thirty-seven  to  Coggwell's  Battery,  and  eight  to  Battery 
M,  First  Light  Artillery. 

The  county  may  well  be  proud  of  her  war  record.  The  great  majority  who 
went  from  Livingston  County  were  men  of  intelligence  and  thought,  who  were 
willing  to  lay  down  their  lives  for  the  preservation  of  a  principle  that  was 
dearer  to  them  than  life  itself;  and  to  such  men  the  word  "failure"  was 
unknown. 

PONTIAC   TOWNSHIP. 

The  city  and  township  of  Pontiac,  as  is  supposed  by  many,  must  have  been,, 
in  some  way,  associated  directly  with  the  noted  Indian  Chief  whose  name  they 
bear.  It  has  been  asserted  by  some  that  the  site  of  the  present  city  was  ari 
ancient  Indian  burying  place,  and  that  the  bones  of  Pontiac  lie  in  its  soil. 
By  others,  it  has  been  said  that,  at  one  time,  the  old  chief,  when  deserted  by 
his  followers,  retired  to  this  place  and  made  it  his  temporary  home ;  and  by  still 
others,  more  ignorant  of  the  life  of  this  famous  brave,  it  has  been  inferred  that 
he  actually  resided  in  this  vicinity  at  the  time  that  the  earliest  settlements  were 
made  by  the  whites. 

It  seems  a  pity  to  spoil  these  pretty  little  romances,  and  one  could  wish  that 
they  were  not  fiction ;  but  truth  compels  a  diflferent  interpretation  of  the  name 
of  the  city. 

Pontiac  was,  indeed,  a  great  Indian  Chief,  and  that  the  town  was  named  in 
honor  of  him  is  equally  true ;  but  that  he  ever  even  passed  through  this  part  of 
Illinois  is  not  probable.      That  he  was  buried  in  the  neighborhood  is  still  more 
improbable  ;  and  that  he  still  resided  here  when  the  whites  first  settled  is  out  of 
the  question,  as  he  had  then  been  dead  more  than  half  a  century. 

Pontiac,  as  has  already  been  mentioned  on  page  42,  was  the  chief  of  the 
Ottawas,  and  lived  with  his  tribe,  near  Detroit,  Mich.,  and,  during  the  trouble- 
between  France  and  England,  otherwise  known  in  this  country  as  the  "  French 
and  Indian  war,"  was  a  strong  ally  of  the  French,  neither  bribes  nor  threats 
being  sufficient  to  induce  him  to  espouse  the  English  cause.  Even  after  the 
French  had  treated  with  the  English  and  had  transferred  all  of  Pontiac's  pos- 
sessions to  the  English,  he  remained  stubborn  and  spurned  their  proffers  of 
friendship.  On  one  occasion,  after  many  of  his  followers  and  some  whole 
tribes  had  given  in  their  allegiance  to  the  English,  Pontiac  answered  a  proposi- 


-292  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

tion  to  take  up  arms  against  the  French  by  saying,  "  When  the  French  came 
among  us,  they  took  us  by  the  hand.  They  lived  with  us  in  peace.  They 
made  us  brothers.  When  the  English  came,  they  brought  hornets.  They 
•destroyed  our  houses.  They  called  us  dogs.  The  French  have  been  true  to 
us.  We  will  be  true  to  them.  The  English  are  our  enemies,  and  we  can  never 
he  friends." 

However,  one  by  one  the  followers  of  Pontiac  were  alienated,  and  joined  the 
British  cause,  until  he  was  left  almost  alone.  Disappointed  and  disgusted,  he 
abandoned  his  home  and  came  to  Illinois.  But  here  he  was  not  permitted  to  be 
at  peace,  for  an  Indian  spy  was  commissioned  by  British  authority  to  accompany 
him  in  all  of  his  movements.  He  had  partially  assented  to  neutrality,  but  was 
still  suspected  of  favoring  the  French.  In  1772,  some  time  after  settling  near 
Kaskaskia,  he  was  invited  to  a  party,  given  by  members  of  a  neighboring  tribe ; 
and,  though  warned  to  go  well  protected  and  well  prepared  for  trouble,  he  pre- 
ferred to  go  unaccompanied.  On  this  occasion  he  made  a  violent  speech  against 
the  English,  when  the  spy,  who  sat  near,  sprang  to  his  feet  and  buried  his 
hatchet  in  Pontiac's  brain. 

The  town  of  Pontiac,  like  several  others  in  the  West,  owes  its  name  to  this 
great  chief;  but  the  true  version  is,  doubtless,  that  the  original  proprietors  of 
the  town,  having  lived  for  some  years  at  Pontiac,  Mich.,  fancied  the  name,  and 
bestowed  it  on  their  new  enterprise. 

At  the  date  when  the  history  of  this  township  begins,  the  county  of  Livings- 
ton had  not  been  organized  ;  indeed,  the  number  of  residents  in  the  county  was 
not  sufficient  to  warrant  a  separate  county  government. 

In  Avoca,  Indian  Grove,  Rook's  Creek,  Amity,  Reading  and  Oliver's 
Grove  a  few  hardy  pioneers  had  built  cabins  and  cultivated  little  patches  of 
ground,  but  the  balance  of  what  is  now  embraced  within  the  limits  of  the 
-county  was  all  a  desolate  waste,  literally  a  "  howling  wilderness."  The  tall, 
rank  grass,  the  few  stunted  oaks,  the  thick  and  briery  underbrush  and  the 
marshy  soil  of  the  banks  of  the  Vermilion  at  this  point  must  have  presented 
but  few  attractions  as  a  location  for  a  town,  or,  indeed,  tor  the  opening  of  a 
farm,  as,  both  up  and  down  the  river,  settlements  had  been  made  before  this 
point  was  selected  by  any  one.  Perhaps  the  shallow  water  at  this  point  in  the 
river,  known  as  the  '•  Ford,"  had  something  to  do  with  attracting  to  the  place 
Henry  Weed  and  the  two  Youngs ;  but  if  their  settlement  was  made  with  a 
-view  of  establishing  a  county,  with  this  as  the  central  point,  their  vision  must 
have  been  prophetic,  as  but  few  points  presented  scantier  natural  advantages. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  in  1837  the  county  was  formed,  and  the  Commissioners  to 
locate  the  "  Seat  of  Justice,"  in  consideration  of  donations  consisting  of  the 
Public  Square  and  Jail  lot,  $3,000  to  build  a  Court  House,  and  the  construc- 
tion of  a  bridge  across  the  Vermilion  at  this  point,  located  the  county  seat  on 
the  land  which  had  been  pre-empted  by  them. 


EST         / 


FORREST 


mm 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  295 

On  the  26th  of  July,  1837,  forty-one  years  prior  to  the  present  writing, 
n  accordance  with  this  arrangement,  the  town  of  Pontiac  was  surveyed  and 
slatted  by  Isaac  Whicher,  County  Surveyor  of  Livingston  County,  for  "  Henry 
Weed,  Lucius  W.  Young  and  Seth  M.  Young,  from  the  southeast  quarter  of 
Section  22  and  part  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  same." 

The  Court  House  Square,  the  Jail  lot,  six  acres  reserved  for  mill  purposes, 
ivith  all  the  streets  as  they  now  appear,  were  all  designated.  This,  then,  was 
;he  nucleus,  the  germ,  the  foundation  of  the  first  town  in  the  county,  and  whose 
existence  is  co-eval  with  that  of  the  county  itself;  and,  though  outranked  in 
mtiquity  as  a  settlement,  is  the  point  from  which,  in  a  measure,  has  emanated 
md  grown  all  of  its  institutions.  Settlements  have  been  made,  roads  and  other 
public  improvements  have  been  established,  and  locations  have  been  selected, 
with  regard  to  their  connection  with  the  county  seat. 

By  the  time  of  which  we  speak,  about  a  half  dozen  families  had  settled  in 
what  are  now  the  bounds  of  Pontiac  Township. 

Henry  Weed  and  the  Youngs  were  from  New  York,  and,  as  stated,  settled 
(it  this  place  in  1833.  Weed  was  brother-in-law  to  the  Youngs,  having  married 
their  sister.  They  built  the  first  cabin  in  the  township,  in  which  all,  including 
an  unmarried  sister  of  the  Y'^oungs,  lived.  A  few  years  after  their  settlement, 
occurred  in  this  family  what  proved  to  be  the  first  marriage  and  the  first  death 
in  the  township.  The  wife  of  Weed  died  a  year  or  two  after  coming  to  the 
place,  and  he  soon  after  married  the  younger  sister.  Mrs.  Weed  was  buried 
near  their  cabin,  which  stood  adjacent  to  the  spot  on  which  C.  J.  Beattie 
erected  his  brick  dwelling,  a  few  years  ago.  Her  coffin  consisted  of  walnut 
slabs,  hewed  with  an  ax  to  a  proper  thickness.  Her  remains,  with  those  of 
a  few  others,  still  lie  there,  but  no  stone  or  other  indication  marks  their 
resting  place. 

The  two  Young  boys  died  soon  after  the  establishment  of  the  town,  in  1837. 
They  were  interred  in  a  burying-place  near  Charles  Knight's  residence.  These, 
with  several  others  who  were  buried  there,  still  lie  in  the  place  selected  by 
themselves  as  a  resting  place  for  the  dead. 

Weed  continued  to  reside  here  for  some  years.  Though  his  county  seat 
scheme  turned  out  according  to  agreement,  it  did  not  seem  to  be  as  great  a 
financial  success  as  he  had  evidently  hoped.  Soon  after  its  location,  he  made  a 
sale  of  lots,  and  a  few  were  disposed  of  to  James  Weed  ;  but  they  wore  afterward 
bought  by  Henry  Stephens  for  $5.00  each.  Even  as  late  as  1850,  the  whole 
block  on  which  now  stands  the  McGregor  House,  the  Filkins'  houses  and  sev- 
eral more,  sold  for  $20  ;  and  the  block  on  which  stands  the  American  Hotel, 
Dr.  Darius  Johnson's  residence  and  others  sold  for  $10. 

■  In  1839,  Weed  entered  the  land  on  which  stood  his  town,  and,  soon  after, 
went  away  from  the  county  to  assist  in  the  survey  and  construction  of  a  rail- 
road. While  engaged  in  this  business,  he  was  attacked  with  pneumonia  and 
bleeding  of  the  lungs,  from  which  he  died  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  in  1842. 


296  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Isaac  Whicher,  whose  name  has  already  been  mentioned  in  connection  with 
the  laying  out  of  the  town,  came  to  the  place  in  1834.  He  was  employed 
by  Weed,  at  $50  per  month,  to  assist  in  surveying.  He  was  the  first  County 
Surveyor,  being  elected  to  that  office  over  C.  W.  Reynolds,  by  a  vote  of  47  to 
35,  May  8th,  1837  ;  and  when  Weed  left  to  engage  in  his  railroad  enterprise, 
resigned  his  office  to  continue  in  his  employ. 

Nathan  Popejoy  was  from  Ohio.  He  came  to  the  township,  and  settled 
about  two  miles  east  of  town,  and  opened  the  farm  now  occupied  by  Philip 
Rollings.  The  date  of  his  coming  is  not  quite  certain,  but  was  probably  in 
1884.  He  did  not  buy  the  land  on  which  he  settled,  but  turned  over  his  claim 
to  other  parties  and  removed  to  Avoca  Township. 

Truman  Rutherford  and  his  son  Erastus,  with  their  families,  emigrated  from 
Vermont  to  this  place  in  1885.  The  elder  Rutherford  built  a  cabin  near  the 
place  where  Samuel  C.  Ladd's  residence  now  stands.  Erastus  lived  in  a  cabin 
which  stood  on  the  lot  now  occupied  by  the  Baptist  Church. 

Although  it  might  admit  of  a  very  reasonable  doubt  whether  a  Methodist 
preacher  could  properly  be  called  a  settler,  yet  John  Hoi  man,  who  was  of  that 
faith  and  of  the  profession  named,  came  to  the  township  and  resided  for  a  time, 
about  the  years  1835  and  1836.  Holman  preached  at  dwelling  houses  and 
in  the  grove,  as  the  season  and  the  occasion  seemed  to  indicate.  Holman's 
daughter  married  Isaac  Whicher,  who  was  also  a  Methodist,  as  were  all  who 
made  professions  of  religion. 

Truman  Rutherford  was,  in  the  early  times  of  the  county,  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  character.  At  the  first  county  election,  held  May  8,  1837,  he 
was  candidate  for  Recorder ;  and  though  he  received  but  twenty-one  votes  in 
the  whole  county,  it  was  not  considered  an  indication  of  his  unpopularity,  a» 
his  opponent  was  elected  by  the  small  majority  of  forty-four.  Mr.  Rutherford 
was  a  man  of  strong  religious  principles,  though  somewhat  liberal  in  his  views. 
He  was  a  Methodist,  but  about  this  time,  Wm.  Miller  began  to  preach  the  "early 
coming  of  Christ,"  and  Rutherford  embraced  the  doctrine,  and  became  so  firm 
a  believer  that,  in  1843,  at  the  time  set  for  the  ''appearing  of  the  Lord,"  and 
the  "  end  of  the  world,"  he  bid  his  neighbors  all  good-bye,  and  arrayed  himself 
preparatory  to  taking  his  flight  in  the  air.  He,  however,  continued  to  reside 
here  until  1845,  when  he  died.     His  wife  died  three  years  later. 

Of  John  Davis,  who  was  the  first  physician  in  the  county,  but  little  else  is 
known,  except  that  he  came  to  the  township  in  about  the  year  1838,  and  lived  a 
few  miles  east  of  town. 

No  doubt  Cornelius  W.  Reynolds  was  the  first  physician  who  was  an  actual 
resident  of  the  village.  He  had  settled  in  Amity  Township,  in  1836,  but  in 
1837,  came  to  Pontiac,  where  he  resided  about  four  years'.  He  was  for  a  time 
Clerk  of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court,  and  was  the  first  Postmaster.  A 
dozen  years  later,  it  is  related  that  the  post  office  at  Pontiac  was  kept  in  a 
man's  hat.     In  Postmaster  Reynolds'  time,  it  must  have  been  a  very  small 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  297 

affair.     Certain  it  is  that  postal  facilities  were  very  meager.     For  a  number  of 
years  after  his  time,  there  was  but  one  mail  a  week. 

John  Foster,  familiarly  known  as  "Uncle  Johny,"  is  the  oldest  living  resi- 
dent of  Pontiac.  He  first  came  to  the  county  in  1836,  from  New  York.  He 
lived  for  a  year  in  Rook's  Creek  Township,  and  then  returned  to  his  home  in 
the  East  to  bring  out  his  family,  making  his  second  advent  into  the  township  in 
1838,  this  time  settling  on  the  farm  adjoining  the  new  fair  grounds,  and  by  some 
known  as  the  N.  T.  Hill  place.  When  Foster  came  the  second  time,  he  brought 
his  father-in-law  and  family,  which,  with  his  own,  numbered  seventeen  persons. 
Foster's  father-in-law,  at  that  time,  was  Jabez  Shepard.  This  was  a  very 
sickly  season  for  this  country,  and  many  people  died  of  milk  sickness  and  other 
malarious  diseases.  Among  the  number  who  died  were  Jabez  Shepard  and 
wife,  and  Foster's  wife  and  two  children.  After  residing  in  Pontiac  a  few 
years,  Foster  changed  his  abode  to  Avoca,  where  he  remained  about  six  years, 
when  he  again  removed  to  Owego  Township,  to  what  is  known  as  the  Stinson 
farm,  he  in  the  meantime  having  married  Widow  Stinson.  For  the  past  dozen 
years  he  has  resided  in  the  city  of  Pontiac.  "Uncle  Johnny"  is  one  of  the 
few  "old  landmarks"  yet  remaining,  and  relates,  with  much  precision,  the  events 
of  the  early  days  of  the  county.  He  takes  special  delight  in  relating  how, 
during  the  time  that  he  first  resided  in  the  village  and  kept  a  place  of  enter- 
tainment for  transient  people,  he  furnished  accommodations  for  Judge  Treat, 
Senator  Douglas,  President  Lincoln,  and  many  other  celebrities.  To  some, 
whose  acquaintance  with  Uncle  John  does  not  extend  back  many  years,  it  may 
be  interesting,  if  not  surprising,  that  he  organized  and  with  his  wife  conducted 
the  first  Sunday  School  in  the  township.  The  school  was  held  in  the  old 
Court  House,  and  he  was  Superintendent  by  the  authority  of  an  appointment 
from  the  Presiding  Elder  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

Garret  M.  Blue  came  to  the  township  in  1836,  from  Rook's  Creek  Town- 
ship, where  he  had  previously  located,  and  settled  a  few  miles  northwest  of  town. 
He  was,  at  one  time,  Sheriff  of  the  county.  In  his  canvass  for  election  he  had 
for  his  opponent  John  Foster.  The  candidates  were,  doubtless,  equally  popular, 
as,  on  counting  the  ballots,  it  was  found  there  was  a  tie.  The  usual  method 
of  casting  lots  was  resorted  to,  and  the  "lot  fell  not  upon  John,"  but  upon 
Garret.     Blue  resided  here  until  1849,  when  he  died  of  cholera. 

The  first  stock  of  goods  brought  to  this  vicinity  was  hauled,  by  ox  team, 
from  Pekin,  Illinois,  and  displayed  for  sale  by  C.  H.  Perry,  who  had  come  to 
the  place  from  Jacksonville,  in  1836.  He  had  his  store  and  dwelling  in  a  little 
log  cabin,  which  stood  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  at  the  north  end  of  the  bridge, 
on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  John  Schneider's  dwelling.  He  kept  the  store 
and  the  records  of  the  court  for  M.  I.  Ross,  for  about  two  years,  and  then  fol- 
lowed the  fortunes  of  Henry  AVeed  in  his  railroad  enterprise,  and  never  returned. 
While  residing  here,  he  was  also  interested  in  the  mill  site,  and  he  and  James 
McKee  erected  a  saw-mill. 


298  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

James  McKee  was  from  Joliet.  He  came  to  this  point  about  a  year  later 
than  Perry,  and,  as  mentioned,  built  the  saw-mill.  McKee  had  been  one  of  the 
earliest  settlers  at  Joliet,  and  at  one  time  was  proprietor  of  all  of  the  West  Town, 
which,  before  the  completion  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  was  the  main 
town.     McKee  was  also  engaged  in  a  mill  project  at  Joliet,  and  erected,  in 

1832,  the  first  flouring-mill  in  that  city. 

Joseph  and  Sylvester  Perry  were  from  Ohio,     They  came  to  this  county  in 

1833,  and  settled  a  few  miles  northwest  of  town.  They  pre-empted  land  and, 
in  1839,  bought  of  the  Government.  The  latter  died  about  the  last  mentioned 
date,  but  ''  Uncle  Jo."  continued  to  reside  here  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
October  7,  1865. 

Dr.  James  S.  Munson  must  have  been  one  of  the  first  inhabitants,  for  while 
M.  I.  Ross  was  Clerk  of  the  Commissioners'  Court,  he  was  appointed  to 
fill  the  place  of  Ross,  who  had  been  removed.  Ross  had  been  elected  in  1837. 
and  had  served  a  year,  when  it  was  ascertained  that  he  was  not  eligible  to  hold 
the  office,  as  the  law  required  that  officer  to  reside  at  the  county  seat.  On  the 
5th  of  June,  1838,  the  court  made  an  order  that,  ''the  above  facts  appearing, 
M.  I.  Ross  be  removed  for  this  cause  and  for  no  other;"  whereupon  James 
Munson  was  duly  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

Thus  far  we  have  noted  the  settlements  of  what  may,  with  propriety,  be 
termed  the  pioneers  of  the  community,  and,  in  most  instances,  have  noted  their 
nativity,  advent  and  location  with  some  precision.  In  addition  to  these  are 
also  remembered  James  Campbell,  Thomas  Campbell,  Daniel  Blue,  Andrew  S. 
McMillan,  Leonard  Franklin,  David  Demewitt,  Wm.  H.  Wells  and  Joseph 
Hefner.  Some  of  these  are  so  indistinctly  remembered  that  nothing  more  than 
the  name  can  be  recalled,  while  others  lived  such  a  short  time  in  the  township, 
before  removing  to  another,  that  it  is  thought  best  to  mention  them  in  connec- 
tion with  their  later  residence.  All,  however,  mentioned  in  the  list  had  located 
prior  to  1839. 

It  will,  doubtless,  be  entertaining  to  any  having  a  real  estate  interest 
in  the  town  of  Pontiac,  to  follow,  for  a  little  distance,  the  chain  of  title 
of  the  lands  which  they  now  occupy,  and  which,  as  we  have  seen,  were 
primarily  vested  by  right  of  pre-emption  in  Weed  and  the  two  Youngs.  The 
three  men  were  originally  equally  interested  in  the  town  site,  and  in  some  of 
the  adjoining  lands  ;  but,  before  a  patent  was  obtained  from  the  Government, 
the  Youngs  both  died.  Weed  then,  in  1839,  entered  the  land  and  the  title  of 
the  whole  tract  was  consequently  in  his  name.  Soon  after  this,  Isaac  Fellows, 
a  brother-in-law  to  the  Youngs,  came  out  from  New  York  for  the  purpose  of 
administering  on  their  estate,  and  of  securing  to  himself,  as  heir,  their  interest. 
Amicable  settlement  was  made,  by  Weed  transferring  an  undivided  one-half 
interest  in  the  tract  to  Isaac  Fellows.  Thus  Fellows  and  Weed  became  joint 
proprietors  of  the  town.  Subsequently,  Isaac  Fellows  conveyed  to  Augustus 
Fellows  all  of  his  interest,  and  some  other  parties,  who  laid  some  claim  to  the 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  299 

Young  estate,  quit-claimed  to  him.  The  title  then  vested  in  Henry  Weed  and 
Augustus  Fellows.  In  1842,  Henry  AVeed  died,  leaving,  as  his  heirs,  Henry 
Weed,  Jr.,  John  P.  Lewis  and  Henry  Stephens — the  last  two  by  virtue  of  their 
marriage  with  Weed's  daughters.  In  1849,  Augustus  Fellows  died,  leaving 
the  undivided  half  interest  to  his  wife,  who  subsequently  married  Nelson  Buck. 
A  few  years  later,  a  suit  was  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  dividing  the  property. 
Commissioners  were  appointed,  and  what  Avas  considered  by  them  as  an 
e({uitable  portion  was  set  off  to  the  heirs  of  Weed — Lewis,  Stevens  and  Weed 
— and  the  remainder  to  Mrs.  Buck.  This  will  explain  how  some  of  the  oldest 
titles  run  from  Weed,  and  some  from  Weed  and  Fellows,  and  why  some  of  the 
more  modern  primary  titles  run  from  Stevens,  Lewis  and  Weed,  and  others 
from  Mrs.  Buck. 

The  Court  House  which  the  Youngs  and  Weed  agreed  to  build  for  the  county 
was  erected  in  due  time,  being  completed  in  1841  and  occupied,  for  the  first 
time,  July  23,  1842.  Though  but  a  modest  affair  in  the  extreme,  being  simply 
a  small  frame  building  22  feet  wide  and  30  long  and  a  story  and  a  half  in  height, 
and  though  much  inferior  to  the  $3,000  Court  House  that  had  been  promised, 
it  gave  great  satisfaction. 

Previous  to  this  time.  Court  had  been  held  in  a  small  log  cabin,  in  which 
the  Weeds  had  lived,  in  the  east  part  of  the  town,  and  this  was  comparatively 
commodious  and  convenient.  It  had  a  court  room  above,  which  was  22x20 
feet,  and  a  small  jury  room  10  feet  square.  Below  were  small  offices,  for  the 
various  county  dignitaries ;  and.  on  the  whole,  it  answered  the  wants  of  the  county. 
It  was,  too,  a  great  local  convenience.  In  it  have  been  held  political  meet- 
ings, debating  societies,  churches,  Sunday  schools  and  public  schools,  indigna- 
tion meetings  and  ratification  meetings,  and  assemblies  of  all  sorts  and  sizes 
except  large  sizes. 

Another  reason  why  the  people  of  this  vicinity  rejoiced  was  that,  as  it  was 
then  believed,  the  county  seat  question  was  settled.  Though  Livingston  County 
has  been  afllicted  comparatively  little  with  the  removal  malady,  yet  in  the  very 
infancy  of  the  count3%  a  severe  attack  was  experienced.  On  the  30th  of  Au- 
gust, 1839,  an  election  was  held  for  the  purpose  of  moving  the  "  Seat  of  Jus- 
tice "  several  miles  up  the  river.  The  arguments  urged  in  its  favor  were  numer- 
ous and  forcible.  Among  the  reasons  given  by  the  "movers"  were  that  Pon- 
tiac  was  not  the  most  central  point ;  that  it  was  an  unhealthy  locality,  being  low 
and  marshy ;  and,  finally,  that  the  proprietor  of  the  town  was  not  fulfilling  his  con- 
tract in  making  the  improvements  proposed.  On  the  other  hand  they  proposed 
a  better  site,  being  high  and  dry,  a  central  location,  being  the  nearest  the  center 
of  any  on  the  river,  and  that  the  Court  House  should  be  erected  forthwith. 
The  result  of  the  election  Avas  a  large  majority  in  favor  of  removal — 80  in  favor 
and  56  ajrainst. 

The  vote,  though   insufficient  to  remove  the  county  seat,  was  sufficient  to 
infuse  into  the  parties  interested  in  real  estate  at  Pontiac  a  disposition  to  hurry 


300  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

up  the  building  of  the  Court  House ;  and  it  was  soon  ready  for  occupancy,  aa 

we  have  seen. 

Though  the  removal  question  was  settled,  though  the  Court  House  was  built  and 
though  the  destiny  of  the  town  seemed  to  be  fixed,  all  failed  to  produce  results  equiv- 
alent to  the  expectations  of  its  friends ;  and  its  progress  was  marked  only  by  its 
absence.  It  is  true  the  country  was  receiving  some  accessions  to  its  farming 
population,  and  that  occasionally,  on  the  retirement  of  a  store  keeper  or  a  county 
officer,  or,  which  was  generally  the  case,  of  both — being  united  in  the  same  indi- 
vidual— a  new  settler  was  noticed  ;  and  at  the  end  of  the  first  decade  after  its 
foundation,  which  brings  us  to  1847,  the  town  of  Pontiac  was  but  a  little  more 
than  a  name.  Travelers  frequently  stopped  at  the  store,  and,  in  earnest, 
inquired  "  how  far  it  was  to  Pontiac ;  "  and,  on  being  informed  that  they  were 
now  within  the  precincts  of  that  classic  metropolis,  gazed  with  looks  which  indi- 
cated mingled  feelings  of  wonder  and  disgust.  It  consisted,  even  at  the  day 
mentioned,  of  only  a  half-dozen  cabins  beside  the  Court  House,  and  these  so 
scattered  and  hid  among  the  clumps  of  bushes  that  they  were  thereby  rendered 

almost  invisible. 

In  1842,  Samuel  C.  Ladd  came  from  Connecticut,  and  settled  in  the  village. 
No  accessions  of  any  consequence  had  been  made  for  two  or  three  years,  except 
such  as  remained  but  a  short  time,  and  are  not  entitled  to  mention  as  perma- 
nent inhabitants.  Mr.  Ladd  proved  indeed  a  valuable  addition  to  the  settlement, 
as  he  was  a  man  of  education,  social  culture  and  large  business  qualifications.  Mr. 
Ladd  resided  here  until  the  time  of  his  death,  which,  at  the  time  of  this  writing, 
has  just  occurred;  and  to  tell  the  story  of  his  life  is  to  give  the  history  of  the 
town.  He  was,  in  one  sense  of  the  word,  here  at  the  beginning,  and  has  con- 
tinued to  reside  at  the  place  until  the  present  year.  He  has  held  almost  every 
position  of  trust,  and  has  been  more  intimately  connected  with  the  growth  and 
development  of  the  place  than  almost  any  other  man.  He  taught  the  first 
school  in  the  neighborhood,  in  1843,  in  the  old  Court  House.  He  was  the  first 
real  merchant ;  he  held  numerous  offices,  among  which  were  those  of  Postmaster, 
County  Clerk,  Circuit  Clerk  and  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue,  the  duties  of 
which  offices  he  performed  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  all.  He  was  for  many 
years  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Liv- 
ingston County  Agricultural  Society.     He  died  at  his  residence,  June  22,  1878. 

Willet  Gray,  who  was  associated  with  Mr.  Ladd  in  his  mercantile  enterprises, 
came  to  Pontiac,  in  1844,  as  clerk  for  John  &  Williara'K.  Brown,  of  Blooming- 
ton.  He  continued  with  the  Browns  for  a  couple  of  years,  when  they  sold  out 
and  Ladd  &  Gray  engaged  in  the  business.  They  together,  for  a  time,  also 
owned  and  operated  the  saw-mill  which  had  been  built  by  McKee  &  Perry.  In 
these  branches  of  business  they  continued  for  several  years,  when  they  sold  out 
to  B.  T.  Phelps,  of  Ottawa. 

Phelps  did  not  come  to  Pontiac  to  reside,  but  employed  John  Wolgamot  to 
superintend  the  store,  installing  Allen  Fellows  as  clerk. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  301 

John  A.  Fellows  had  come  to  the  county  from  New  York,  in  October,  1847, 
and  lived  in  Avoca  until  1849,  when  he  came  to  Pontiac  to  work  on  the  farm 
for  Augustus  Fellows,  and  Avhen  Ladd  &  Gray  sold  out,  aa  has  already  been 
stated,  Allen  "laid  down  the  shovel  and  the  hoe"  and  took  up  the  yard  stick. 
He  made  a  popular  clerk,  and  in  all  branches  of  business,  society,  politics  and 
war,  his  peculiar  faculty,  then  developed,  of  making  himself  agreeable  has 
marked  his  life  as  his  distinguishing  feature.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Post- 
master of  Pontiac,  Circuit  Clerk  and  many  other  minor  positions,  all  of  which 
have  been  filled  in  a  most  acceptable  manner. 

John  Wolgamot  was  from  Ottawa,  and  came  to  the  place  as  manager  of 
Phelps'  store.  He  has  been  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Township  School  Treasurer 
and  Schoolmaster  by  terms.  He  was  a  good  business  man  and,  though  of 
<|uiet  habits,  made  ^any  friends. 

Philip  Rollings  and  family  came  from  Highland  County,  Ohio,  in  1846, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  two  miles  east  of  Pontiac,  on  which  they  still  reside. 

Chas.  Jones,  familiarly  known  as  "  Old  Charley,"  who  was  the  orjginal 
owner  of  the  land  on  which  the  town  of  Forrest  is  built,  came  to  Pontiac  and 
lived  from  1843  till  1850,     He  now  resides  in  Belle  Prairie, 

In  1846,  Augustus  Fellows,  having  come  into  possession  of  half  of  the  town 
of  Pontiac,  and  having  removed  to  the  place,  erected  the  first  hotel.  Though 
accommodations  for  man  and  beast  were  obtainable,  even  in  the  more  primitive 
times,  yet  this  was  the  first  attempt  to  make  a  specialty  of  serving  the  transient 
public,  for  a  compensation.  The  hotel,  which  was  afterward  known  as  "Buck's 
Tavern,"  was  ready  for  occupancy  in  1848,  and,  though  still  incomplete;  was 
hailed  by  citizens  and  travelers  as  an  invaluable  addition  to  the  institutions  of 
this  part  of  the  country.  And,  indeed,  it  proved  so  to  be,  as  many  a  weary 
traveler  who  yet  survives  attests.  The  "  tavern  "  was  rented  in  the  first  year 
to  Champlain,  brother-in-law  of  Gen.  Gridley,  who  occupied  it,  while  Mr.  and 
Mrs,  Fellows  went  on  a  trip  of  business  and  pleasure  to  their  former  home  in 
New  York.  On  their  return  from  the  East,  they  took  charge,  and  it  was  during 
the  administration  of  this  landlady  that  the  tavern  gained  its  greatest  popu- 
larity. 

And  now  this  brings  us  to  one  of  the  most  eventful  periods  in  the  history 
of  the  township.  This  year,  1849,  was  the  "cholera  season,"  and  the  ravages 
made  in  this  section  were  terrible ;  and,  for  the  number  of  inhabitants  in  the 
settlement,  the  fatality  was  greater  than  in  almost  any  locality  in  the  county. 
Out  of  a  total  population  of  seventy-eight  within  the  limits  of  the  township, 
thirteen  died.  Among  the  number  who  perished  by  the  awful  scourge  were 
Augustus  Fellows  and  two  children.  In  all,  five  died  at  the  hotel.  When  Fellows 
was  stricken  down.  Dr.  Holland,  who  then  resided  in  Rook's  Creek,  was  called 
to  attend  him,  was  attacked  with  the  disease  and  lived  but  a  few  days.  Ann 
Oliver,  sister  of  Franklin  Oliver,  mentioned  in  Chatsworth  Township,  was 
leaching  school  in  Owego,  and  came  in  to  nurse   the  Fellows  family,  and  was 


302  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

80on  numbered  with  the  dead.  Garret  M.  Blue,  who  lived  northwest  of  town, 
dropped  in  to  see  the  afflicted  family,  and  while  conversing  with  some  of  the 
attendants  at  the  house,  felt  some  of  the  symptoms  of  the  disease.  He  hurried 
out  and,  mounting  his  horse,  galloped  rapidly  home,  where  he  arrived  with  only 
sufficient  strength  to  crawl  to  bed,  from  which  he  never  rose.  In  this  house, 
five  died — Blue,  wife,  son,  daughter  and  grandchild.  John  Blue  lived  on  the 
farm  known  in  later  years  as  the  Miller  farm,  two  miles  east  of  Pontiac.  In 
this  family  occurred  three  deaths  out  of  the  four  members.  Blue  and  wife  and 
one  child  all  perished.  These  were  truly  dark  days,  and  no  one  but  an  actual 
observer  can  picture  the  gloom  that  settled  on  the  little  community,  or  describe 
he  alarm  and  excitement  that  prevailed.  At  times,  the  number  of  persons 
afflicted  was  greater  than  the  number  of  those  who  were  well,  and  much  greater 
than  those  who  were  willing  or  could  be  induced  to  wait  upon  them ;  and  the 
disposition  of  the  dead  was  a  very  serious  question.  Business  of  all  kinds  was 
stopped.  Intercourse  with  the  outer  world  was  entirely  cut  off.  as  those  having 
business  at  this  point  invariably  avoided  the  route  through  this  part  of  the 
county. 

This  proved  a  real  drawback  to  the  prosperity  of  the  township,  as  several 
of  its  most  enterprising  citizens  had  died,  and  the  reputation  of  this  locality 
for  health  had  suffered  greatly.  However,  an  emigrant  occasionally  alighted 
upon  the  place.  A  relative  or  friend,  writing  back  to  the  old  home  in  the  East 
or  South,  would  induce  some  one  to  come  out  on  a  visit,  see  the  country  and 
perhaps  work  a  year,  and  once  here  he  would  likely  continue. 

In  1852,  Jacob  Streamer  arrived  at  the  place.  Mr.  Streamer  had 
left  his  native  State,  Pennsylvania,  in  1844,  and  had  come  to  Illinois, 
stopping,  for  a  time,  at  Magnolia.  In  1850,  he  came  to  Livingston 
County,  and  clerked  two  years  for  Jerry  Mathias,  who  wa^  then  running 
a  store  at  Reading.  He  arrived  at  Pontiac  May  8,  1852.  Perhaps  Pontiac 
has  never  had  a  better  example  of  what  perseverance  and  industry  will  accom- 
plish than  that  presented  by  Mr.  Streamer.  When  he  arrived  at  Pontiac,  he 
found  a  poor  opening  for  business.  There  were  not  a  dozen  families  in  the 
place,  and,  including  the  Court  House,  there  were  but  six  houses.  The  man- 
ners and  style  of  the  inhabitants  were  of  a  primitive  character,  and  but  poorly 
prepared  to  support  a  man  in  the  business  which  Mr.  Streamer  proposed  to 
carry  on.  With  physical  disabilities  that  would  have  discouraged  almost  any 
young  man  just  setting  out  in  life,  and  with  but  ^15.00  in  his  possession,  he  yet 
went  to  work,  and  by  constant  and  untiring  energy  has  built  up  a  large  busi- 
ness, made  himself  a  good  home,  and  provided  amply  for  his  declining  years. 
Not  only  so,  but  his  house  is  crammed  with  books  and  other  evidences  of  culture 
and  refinement.  His  store,  as  well  as  his  library,  is  packed  with  curiosities. 
He  makes  a  specialty  of  such  goods  as  improve  with  age.  His  old  wines, 
brandies  and  cigars  have  become  noted  to  such  an  extent  that,  to  illustrate,  the 
following  story  is  current.     Some  years  ago,  he  took  into  his  store  a  young  man 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  303 

to  learn  the  business,  and  who  was  advised  that  the  best  way  to  gain  such 
knowledge  was  simply  to  "keep  his  ears  open."  The  young  man  soon  learned 
that  many  of  the  articles  were  the  more  valuable  as  they  increased  in  years,  and 
soon  became  habituated  to  offering  to  his  customers  that  argument  in  favor  of 
the  wares  he  desired  to  sell.  One  morning,  a  lady  entered  the  store,  desiring  to 
purchase  some  butter  of  a  good  quality,  and  inquired  of  the  young  man  if  he 
had  any  of  the  desirable  article  on  hand.  With  promptness,  the  bright  and 
rising  merchant  replied  :  "  Yes,  ma'am,  we  have  some  that  is  very  fine — none 
like  it  in  town — an  article  that  we  have  had  on  hand  over  fifteen  years.''  The 
story  does  not  go  further  to  indicate  that  the  lady  was  thereby  convinced  of  the 
desirable  qualities  to  such  an  extent  that  she  was  induced  to  purchase. 

After  the  death  of  Augustus  Fellows,  l\is  widow  married  Nelson  Buck,  who 
came  about  this  time,  from  McLean  County,  and  who  has  since  figured  largely 
in  the  affairs  of  Livingston,  and  especially  in  the  local  politics  and  business  o* 
Pontiac.  Mr.  Buck  was  the  President  of  the  first  Board  of  Trustees  elected  in 
the  town.  He  was,  for  many  terms,  elected  Surveyor  of  the  county,  in  the 
the  discharge  of  which  duties  he  took  the  greatest  pride.  A  few  years  ago,  he 
received  an  appointment  from  the  Government  to  proceed  to  the  West  and  sur- 
vey some  lands  that  were  to  be  brought  into  market.  Mr.  Buck  raised  his  force 
of  assistants  in  Pontiac,  and  made  his  way  to  his  field  of  labor.  They  had, 
however,  but  just  begun  operations,  when,  as  is  supposed,  the  Avhole  party  were 
massacred  by  the  Indians.  No  positive  trace  of  him  or  any  of  his  men  has 
ever  been  discovered,  but  indirect  information  has  been  obtained,  which  leaves 
little  doubt  that  the  above  are  the  sad  facts. 

The  reputation  gained  by  the  town,  during  the  year  1849,  brought  an  influx 
of  doctors,  and,  among  others.  Drs.  John  Hulse  and  C.  B.  Ostrander.  The  for- 
mer was  from  Kentucky,  and  practiced  in  Pontiac  several  years,  and  then 
removed  to  Oregon. 

Ostrander  remained  here  but  a  short  time,  and  changed  his  location  to 
Avoca,  where  he  still  resides ;  and,  in  the  history  of  that  township,  he  receives 
further  attention.  The  Doctor  was  formerly  very  fond  of  playing  practical  jokes 
upon  his  friends  ;  and  in  the  largeness  of  his  stories  he  had  a  reputation  that  was  not 
excelled  in  the  country.  A  story,  illustrating  both  of  these  peculiarities  of  his 
character,  is  here  related  : 

After  he  had  removed  to  his  farm,  in  describing  the  good  qualities  and  fine 
features  of  his  plantation  to  some  of  his  Chicago  friends,  he  alluded  to  a  won- 
derful fish  pond  that  occupied  a  corner  of  it,  from  which  "barrels  and  barrels" 
of  fine  fish  had  been  taken  by  him,  in  an  incredibly  short  space  of  time.  His 
friends,  not  dreaming  that  it  was  simply  a  fish  story,  and  desiring  a  little  rural 
sport,  concluded  to  pay  the  Doctor  a  visit,  and  try  their  luck  wnth  the  hook  and 
the  net,  and  wrote  the  Doctor  accordingly. 

A  few  weeks  later,  the  party,  duly  equipped  with  fishing  tackle  of  various 
kinds,  drove  up  to  the  door.      They  were  entertained  over  night,  and  the  next 


304  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

morning,  contrary,  perhaps,  to  the  Doctor's  hopes,  inquired  for  the  fishing 
ground.  Ostrander  was  equal  to  the  occasion  ;  and,  without  betraying  the  least 
hesitation,  conducted  them  to  the  back  of  the  place,  to  an  old  well,  which  had 
been  dug  for  supplying  water  to  the  cattle.  When  arrived  within  a  short  dis- 
tance of  the  well,  with  seeming  surprise,  he  said  to  the  fishers,  "  Well,  gentle- 
men, this  is  the  place  where  the  pond  has  been,  but,"  pointing  to  the  well,  "I 
think  it  must  all  have  leaked  out  at  that  hole." 

The  first  resident  lawyers  were  J.  H.  McGregor  and  J.  H.  Dart.  It  is  not 
intimated  that  there  was  no  litigation  in  this  vicinity  prior  to  their  arrival,  for 
the  records  of  the  court  show  that  the  contrary  was  the  case.  Counsel,  how- 
ever, was  obtained  from  Bloomington  and  Ottawa,  and,  in  many  cases,  lawyers 
from  Chicago  practiced  in  this  court. 

McGregor  was  doubtless  the  pioneer  lawyer,  Dart  coming  in  a  short  time 
after,  and  going  into  partnership  with  him. 

About  this  time,  or  a  little  later,  Lee  &  Cowan  opened  up,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  square,  their  general  store.  The  store  occupied  a  position  near  where 
the  Livingston  County  Bank  now  stands.  The  former  of  these  gentlemen, 
Charles  M.  Lee,  was  somewhat  of  a  politician,  and  was,  at  one  time,  Judge  of 
the  county. 

A.B.  Cowan  was  a  very  popular  merchant.  He  died  at  this  place  a  few 
years  since. 

J.  W.  Reraick  came  from  Pennsylvania,  and,  after  arriving  in  this  part  of 
the  county,  followed  the  trade  of  miller  for  several  years.  In  1856,  he  was 
elected  Sheriff'  of  the  county,  in  which  capacity  he  served  two  years.  After 
two  years,  during  which  time  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  he  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  Circuit  Clerk,  serving  as  such  officer  for  eight  years. 

The  Garner  family,  consisting  of  Samuel  and  sons — William  T.,  Jerome 
and  James — arrived  at  this  place  about  the  year  1851.  Jerome  was  a  lawyer, 
and  practiced  here  until  1861,  when  he  removed  from  the  county. 

Henry  and  Ira  Loveless  made  their  advent  about  this  time.  They  were 
from  Ohio.  The  former  came  through  the  county  first  as  a  peddler,  and  being 
pleased  with  the  location  of  a  little  town  that  was  being  started  just  east  of 
Pontiac,  located  there  and  opened  a  store.  But  the  town  failed,  and  Loveless 
went  into  politics  and  was  elected  Sheriff".  Ira  had  aspirations  for  office,  also, 
and  was  one  of  the  Justices  of  the  Peace  before  the  adoption  of  the  Township 
Organization  Act.     Both  are  long  since  dead. 

Dr.  J.  M.  Perry,  from  Ohio,  came  in  1852,  and  practiced  medicine  in  Pon- 
tiac and  vicinity  twelve  or  fifteen  years.      He  died  six  years  ago. 

After  the  cholera  season,  for  five  years,  nothing  of  importance  or  interest 
occurred  worthy  of  record.  A  few  changes  in  business  took  place,  a  new 
family  arrived  once  in  a  while,  and  a  new  house  or  shanty  made  its  appearance ; 
but,  at  the  end  of  the  period  mentioned,  but  little  change  had  been  made  in  the 
general  aspect  of  the  village  and  its  surroundings.     But  during  the  year  1854, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  305 

an  event  occurred  which  proved  to  be  of  the  utmost  importance,  not  only  to 
this  community,  but  to  all  of  Central  and  Eastern  Illinois — an  event  which, 
had  it  happened  in  any  other  way,  or  had  in  the  least  varied  from  the  original 
design,  would  have  so  affected   the  destiny  of   the  town    as  to    have  made  it 
almost  useless  to  have  written  its  history.     Of  course  it  will  be  guessed  that 
reference   is  made  to   the  completion  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton   Railroad,  then 
known  as  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi.     For  nearly  twenty  years  had  the  county 
seat  been  located ;  but  with  the  lack  of  commercial  advantages,  the  progress  of 
this  part  of  the  State  had  been  extremely  slow.     Not  only  in  growth  and  pop- 
ulation had  there  been  but  little  perceptible  change,  but  the  morals  of  the 
people  in  general  were  not  what  we  find  them  in  later  years.      True,  there  were 
well-meaning  and  honest  people,  but  society  was  fashioned  after  the  frontier 
style.     Fights  were  common,  drinking,  horse-racing  and  gambling  were  usual 
pastimes,  and  the  Sabbath  was  almost  wholly  disregarded.      Commerce  is  said 
to  be  the  great  civilizer  and  educator,  and  by  many  is  deemed  the  Christianizer 
of  communities  as  well  as  of  nations.     In  this  instance,  it  proved  to  be  all  of 
the  above  and  more ;  it  brought  the  people  here,  and  improved  their  condition 
more  than  the  most  enthusiastic  could  have  imagined.     With  the  railroad,  came 
the  people,  and  with  the  people  came  schools  and  churches,  and  to  these  came 
teachers  and  books  and  ministers  and  Sunday  schools.     With  the  railroad,  came 
improved  methods  of  farming,  better  plows,  better  means  of  harvesting  grain, 
better  prices  for  grain.     With  the  railroad,  came  lumber,  which  enabled  those 
who  would  settle  on  the  prairie  to  protect  their  grain  from  the  stock  which 
roamed  at  large,  and  to  protect  their  cattle  and  horses  and  themselves  from  the 
inclemencies  of  the  weather.     This  made  it  possible  to  utilize  all  of  that  vast 
extent  of  country   which,  till   then,  was   thought   to   be  useless,  except   for   a 
boundless  pasture  field.     As  a  consequence,  we  find  that,  within  the  period  of 
two  years  from  the  time  that  the  road  became  a  fixed  fact,  ten  times  as  much 
land  was  entered  in  Livingston   County  as  had  been  during  the  fifteen  years 
before. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  state  of  society  which  existed  here  at  that  time,  it 
IS  related  that,  at  one  of  the  stations  on  the  road  between  this  and  Chicago,  an 
individual  who  had  evidently  taken  a  drop  too  much  got  aboard  the  train  and 
took  his  seat.  By  the  time  the  conductor  came  around,  he  was  somewhat  over- 
come, and  to  the  request  of  the  conductor  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  the  com- 
pany in  regard  to  fare,  replied  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  and  unintelligible  man- 
ner. The  conductor  allowed  him  to  remain  until  after  having  passed  a  few 
stations,  hoping  that  he  might,  in  a  measure,  regain  his  senses,  and  then  again 
requested  his  ticket  or  its  equivalent ;  but  the  passenger  was  still  oblivious,  and 
answered  only  in  words,  the  meaning  of  which  was  obscure.  At  last,  the  ofl5- 
cial  becoming  discouraged  and  somewhat  irritated,  asked  him  "  where  he  was 
going  to,  anyway?"  To  this  question,  the  traveler  answered,  with  more  than 
ordinary  lucidity,  that  he  was  ''going  to  the  City  of  Destruction."     The  con- 


30t)  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ductor,  after  cogitating  a  moment,  replied,  "  Well,  my  friend,  that  station  is  not 
on  this  road,  but  I  will  put  you  off  at  Pontiac,  which  is  the  nearest  point,  and 
I  have  no  doubt  you  will  find  parties  there  who  will  do  all  in  their  power  to 
assist  you  to  your  destination."  As  before  intimated,  a  new  era  was  dawning 
upon  the  community,  and  a  new  impetus  seemed  to  be  imparted  to  the  whole 
country.  New  houses  sprang  up  in  Pontiac  ;  demands  were  made  for  a  school 
house  ;  the  old  Court  House  was  soon  found  inadequate  for  its  purpose;  churches 
were  in  requisition,  and  everything  had  an  encouraging  appearance. 

The  first  train  of  cars  passed  through  the  place  July  4,  1854.  It  was  a 
grand  holiday  and  fuller  of  importance  than  any  had  dreamed.  A  year  later, 
the  population  of  the  little  village  had  increased  to  over  three  hundred  ;  and  in 
eighteen  months  the  town  was  organized.  A  newspaper  was  started,  the  first 
number  appearing  March  14,  1855,  only  eight  months  after  the  completion  of 
the  road.  As  further  indicating  the  condition  of  affairs  at  the  seat  of  justice, 
a  few  items  gleaned  from  its  pages  are  here  given.  The  first  item  noticed  is 
one  which  shows  an  improved  sentiment  in  regard  to  the  morals  of  the  people. 
A  meeting  had  been  called  at  the  Court  House  to  take  into  consideration  the 
means  of  suppressing  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors.  J.  H.  Dart  was  Chair- 
man and  Samuel  C.  Ladd  Avas  appointed  Secretary.  After  duly  considering 
the  matter,  a  resolution  was  adopted,  to  the  eff'ect  that  a  committee  be  appointed 
to  wait  on  the  liquor  dealers  and  request  them  to  stop  the  business.  The  com- 
mittee consisted  of  Wm.  T.  Garner,  AVm.  B.  Lyon,  H.  H.  Norton,  Robert 
Aerl  and  I.  P.  McDowell.  The  committee  to  draft  the  resolution  was  composed 
of  George  Bishop,  Nelson  Buck,  J.  H.  McGregor  and  Darius  Johnson.  Indica- 
tive of  the  state  of  business  at  this  time,  cards  are  inserted  in  the  psiper  showing 
that  Ira  Loveless  was  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  McGregor  &  Dart  were  in  the  law 
and  real  estate  business,  as  also  was  George  Bishop  ;  J.  M.  Perry  and  Darius 
Johnson  were  practicing  medicine,  the  latter  having  lately  come  to  the  town; 
Jacob  Streamer  had  quit  tailoring,  and  had  been  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
and  was  selling  drugs  and  groceries ;  Buck  &  Gray  were  selling  clothing,  dry 
goods  and  groceries — Buck  had  but  a  few  years  before  married  the  widow  Fel- 
lows, had  been  keeping  the  tavern,  and  now  desired  to  sell  the  same ;  Buck  & 
Gray  were  also  buying  grain  ;  Ladd  was  still  in  the  mercantile  business,  but 
with  another  partner,  I.  P.  McDowell ;  B.  J.  Phelps  had  a  general  store,  which 
was  under  the  supervision  of  John  Wolgamot ;  H.  G.  Challis  was  here  then, 
and  was  carrying  on  the  blacksmithing  business,  and  advertised  it.  John  Kin- 
gore,  "sir,"  then  kept  the  hotel  "sir."  A  few  months  later.  Dr.  Sheldon  and 
Dr.  Thomas  Croswell  had  arrived.  Attorney  Simeon  DeWitt  had  located  here. 
A  lumber  yard  was  opened,  by  Ellis  &  Olmstead ;  A.  Stephens  had  opened 
another  hotel ;  Z.  H.  Nettleton  was  finding  some  sale  for  jewelry,  and  clocks 
and  watches  were  needing  repairs.  Alexander  Scott  found  sufficient  demand 
for  harness,  to  induce  him  to  set  up  in  business  here.  And  last  but  greatest^ 
the  Livingston  County  News,  the  paper  from  which  this  information  has  been 
gained,  had  three  hundred  subscribers. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  307 

Certainly  this  is  a  good  showing  for  so  short  a  time.  It  shows  that  there 
was  beginning  to  be  a  demand  for  almost  all  kinds  of  goods.  It  shows  that 
there  were  people  throughout  the  county  to  use  the  goods,  and  that  there  was 
money,  or  its  equivalent,  with  which  to  purchase  them.  It  indicates,  too,  that 
a  taste  for  reading  and  a  desire  for  information  were  being  developed. 

Perhaps  but  few  items  of  news,  in  a  little  local  paper,  have  had  more  to  do 

with  settling  up  the  country,  or  have  had  more  influence  in  bringing  people  to 

realize  the  value  of  the  farming  lands  in  this  vicinity,  than  the  following-,  which 

is  an  extract  from  a  letter  written  by  John  J.  Taylor,  now  banker,  of  Fairbury, 

then  farmer,  of  Pontiac  Township : 

I  have  broken  inj  land,  fenced  it,  built  a  house  and  stable,  dug  a  well  and  paid  for  the  land 
and  all  of  the  improvements,  from  the  first  crop,  and  have  $144.00  overplus. 

This  was  said  of  what  is  still  known  as  the  Taylor  farm.  Mr.  Taylor  had 
broken  his  land  and  sowed  it  to  wheat,  and  the  yield  had  been  enormous,  aver- 
aging over  thirty  bushels  to  the  acre ;  and,  as  the  land  had  been  bought  cheap, 
and  the  price  of  wheat  that  year  was  over  f  1.00  per  bushel,  the  result  was 
easily  accomplished.  This  item  was  copied  into  the  agricultural  papers,  and 
from  them  into  many  of  the  Eastern  journals,  and  by  them  commented  upon  ; 
so  that  it  was  brought  to  the  notice  of  many  who  were  thereby  induced  to  emi- 
grate to  the  county. 

Four  years  after  the  completion  of  the  railroad,  the  village  of  Pontiac  num- 
bered not  less  than  700  inhabitants,  and  the  toAvnship  200  more. 

Another  newspaper,  the  Sentinel^  was  established.  The  old  Court  House 
had,  as  a  temple  of  justice,  outlived  its  usefulness,  and  a  new  brick  one  had 
appeared.  A  school  house,  costing  $2,000,  had  been  built;  and  nearly  all  of 
the  north  side  of  the  public  square  was  built  up.  The  west  side  of  the  square 
was  almost  solid.  Two  new  church  buildings,  the  Presbyterian  and  Methodist, 
furnished  relig-ious  privileges  for  all  who  desired  them,  and  manv  convenient 
and  tasty  residences  had  begun  to  appear. 

In  1857,  the  county  voted  to  adopt  what  is  known  as  the  Township  Organi- 
zation Act ;  and  accordingly,  the  first  township  election  held  in  this  township 
took  place  April  6,  1858. 

The  election  was  held  at  the  Court  House,  Dr.  Darius  Johnson  being  called 
to  the  chair.  A  motion  was  made  and  carried  that  Ira  Loveless  act  as  Moder- 
ator, and  Nelson  Buck  was  chosen  Clerk.  After  being  sworn  by  J.  W.  Remick, 
the  polls  were  opened  and  179  votes  polled. 

The  result  of  the  first  election  was  the  choosing  of  Wm.  T.  Russell  as  Super- 
visor ;  E.  R.  Maples,  Clerk ;  S.  L.  Manker,  Assessor  ;  Jerome  Garner,  Over- 
seer of  the  Poor ;  Wm.  Manlove,  James  Nelson  and  A.  D.  Eylar,  Commission- 
ers of  Highways  ;  Jacob  Streamer  and  Adams  Morrow,  Justices  of  the  Peace  ; 
E.  H.  Masters  and  Joseph  H.  Virgin,  Constables.  Samuel  McCormick  and 
James  W.  Remick  were  candidates  for  Collector,  and,  each  receiving  eighty-nine 
votes,  a  tie  was  declared.     The  candidates  agreed  to  a  new  election,  which  was 


308 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 


held  on  the  24th.  The  second  election  brought  out  a  very  full  vote,  Remick 
receiving  109  and  McCormick  91. 

The  first  road  authorized  by  the  Commissioners  was  that  known  as  the 
Avoca  Road,  and  "  extended  from  the  south  end  of  Locust  street,  in  Pontiac,  run- 
ning south,  east  and  south,  to  a  point  at  the  township  line,  being  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  Taylor  farm."  Five  other  roads  were  also  authorized  and  sur- 
veyed during  the  year. 

The  following  shows  the  names  of  the  principal  officers  elected  at  each  sub- 
sequent township  election,  and,  also,  the  number  of  votes  cast  at  each  : 


Date. 


Supervisor. 


1858  William  T.  Russell.. 


1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 


.Jonathan  Duff.. 

Henry  Hill 

4enry  Hill 

B.  W.  Gray 


1863  John  Dehner. 


1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 


John  Dehner... 
John  Dehner... 
John  Dehner... 

W.  B.  Lyon 

J.  Duff 

J.  Duff 

J.  Duff 

R.  W.  Babcock. 
R.  W.  Babcock. 
J.  E.  Morrow .. 

Morrow.., 

Morrow .. 

Morrow .. 

Morrow .., 


Clerk. 


E 
E 
J.  E 
J.  E 


E.  R.  Mflples 

R.  W.  Babcock.... 

A.  W.  Cowan 

J.  R.  Wolgamot... 
\.  W.  Cowan 

F.  H.  Bond 

F.  H.  Bond 

J.  W.  Smith 

Isaac  Aerl 

S.  S.  Lawrence.... 

J.  A.  Fellows 

George  Pittenger. 
W.  H.  Jenkins.... 

J.  T.  Kay 

J.  T.  Kay 

A.  W.  Cowan 

A.  W.  Cowan 

A   W.  Cowan 

A.  W.  Cowan 

Z.   Winters 


1878  J.  E.  Morrow A.  W.  Cowan. 


Assessor. 


S.  L.  Manker.... 
William  Gore..., 

J.  F.  Culver 

William  Gore..., 
William  Gore..., 

S.  C.  Ladd 

S.  C.  Ladd 

S.  S.  Lawrence. 

J.  H.  Gaff 

N.  Buck 

William  Gore..., 
William  Gore.... 
William  Perry... 
William  Perry... 
William  Perry... 
v^illiam  Perry... 

J.  H.  Gaff 

J.  H.  Gaff 

J,  H.  Gaff 

Wiliam  Perry.. 
William  Perry.. 


Collector. 


James  W.  Remick 

C.  N.  Coe 

H.  J.  Babcock 

J.  A.  Fellows 

J.  A.  Fellows 

G.  Wo'gamat 

J.  R.  Wolgamot, 

Robert  Kingore 

George  Fowler 

H.   Tuckerman 

(/harles  Watson 

L.  Bancroft 

>;.  A.  Campbell 

L.  G.  Goodspeed 

L.  G.  Goodspeed 

J.  H.  Smith 

James  H.  Campbell... 

John  Egan 

John  Egan 

S.   Mossholder 

S.  Mossholder 


Vote. 


179 
200 
121 
208 
262 
237 
186 
214 
292 
259 
387 
378 
427 
458 
462 
424 
454 
520 
537 
636 
648 


In  addition  to  the  last  named,  completing  the  list  of  township  officers  elect, 
are  the  following :  Township  School  Tre:isurer,  D.  M.  Lyon ;  Justices  of  the 
Peace,  J.  VV.  Woodrow,  M.  I.  Brower  and  Henry  Hill ;  Constables,  John  Gib- 
bons, Charles  Watson,  John  Egan  ;  Road  Commissioners,  John  Wallace,  Arthur 
Marsh  and  N.  W.  Kellogg. 

It  will  be  noticed  that,  while  there  has  been  no  sudden  increasings  of  the 
vote  (which  is  a  fair  indication  of  the  population),  there  has  been  gradual  and 
decided  growth  in  that  respect.  Whatever  falling  off  there  may  have  been  at 
any  time  can  be  easily  accounted  for  by  temporary  causes ;  and  the  next  elec- 
tion will  show  a  corresponding  addition.  In  1862,  the  poll  was  262.  The  next 
year,  quite  a  number  of  the  voting  population  were  "  off  to  the  war,"  and  the 
vote  decreased  to  237.  The  next  year,  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth 
Regiment  took  nearly  a  hundred  voters  from  Pontiac  and  vicinity,  and  a  corres- 
ponding lack  is  noticed  in  the  poll.  In  1866  the  war  had  ended,  and  the 
soldiers,  whose  lives  were  spared,  had  returned,  and  from  that  time  forward  the 
usual  increase  is  noticed. 

Though  Pontiac  Township  was  considered,  for  some  years,  a  little  backward 
in  the  attention  paid  to  the  education  of  the  youth,  in  later  years,  ample  amends 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


J09 


have  been  made,  and  Pontiac  Township  has  expended  moi*e  money  in  the  last 
dozen  years,  for  school  purposes,  than  any  other  in  the  county.  Not  until 
1858  was  there  more  than  one  school  house.  In  1856,  but  one  school  was 
supported,  and  that  at  an  expense  of  but  $100.  There  were  in  attendance  but 
fifty-eight  scholars,  though  there  were  one  hundred  and  sixty-seven  in  the  town- 
ship. The  highest  wages  paid  to  the  teacher  that  year  was  $20.00  per  month. 
The  following  table  will  show  at  a  glance,  better  than  a  page  of  sentences,, 
the  growth  of  the  school  system  for  this  locality  : 


DATE. 


1856. 
186G. 
187S. 
1877. 


Schools. 

Teachers. 

ScholarH. 

1 

1 

58 

6 

12 

421 

10 

23 

931 

9 

23 

994 

Children  Be-     iHighest  wages: 
tween  6  and  21. |  paid  teachers 


167 

672 

1051 

1137 


$  20  00 
100  00 
100  00 
112  00 


Total  paid  to 
Teachers. 


I  100  00 
3220  00 
4208  00 
6710  00 


The  most  encouraging  feature  of  the  foregoing  table  is  the  evidence,  not 
only  of  increase  in  per  cent,  of  persons  in  school,  but  the  present  proportion  of 
those  of  school  age,  who  receive  the  benefits  offered  by  the  public  school  system. 
While  the  attendance  is  not  as  general  as  that  attained  in  States  where  a  com- 
pulsory law  is  in  force,  it  is  still  much  greater  than  in  most  other  States,  and,  as 
compared  with  other  portions  of  Illinois,  stands  much  higher  in  this  regard  than 
the  average. 

In  the  late  war,  this  township  took  no  unimportant  part.  Several  almost 
entire  companies  were  raised  here,  and  this  is  one  of  the  few  townships  that 
raised  their  full  quota  without  being  drafted.  Notably,  the  M.  E.  Church  of 
Pontiac  sent,  with  the  exception  of  two,  all  of  its  male  members,  including  the 
Pastor,  with  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Regiment ;  and  a  remarkable 
fact  may  be  added  that,  though  engaged  in  many  and  fierce  battles,  every  one 
returned  alive. 

Of  those  who  thus  took  their  lives  in  their  hands,  as  it  were,  to  fight  their 
country's  battles,  seventy-two  either  died  on  the  field  in  actual  conflict,  of 
wounds  or  of  disease  contracted  while  in  the  service. 

A  full  list  of  all  these,  together  with  all  soldiers  and  officers  who  enlisted 
from  this  township,  will  be  found  on  another  page. 

The  township  of  Pontiac  is  described  in  the  survey  as  Congressional  Town 
28  north,  Range  5  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian.  It  is  one  township 
west  of  the  center  of  the  county,  and  twenty-nine  miles  from  the  farthest  corner. 

The  land  is  quite  level,  but  not  so  much  so  as  to  render  any  part  of  it  unfit 
for  cultivation.  Formerly,  some  portions  were  Hat  and  marshy  ;  but,  by  good 
drainage,  have  become  tillable,  and  prove  to  be  of  the  best  quality  for  agricul- 
tural purposes.  At  present,  there  is  scarcely  an  acre  in  the  whole  township, 
except  what  is  occupied  by  the  bed  of  the  Vermilion  River,  that  is  not  well 
adapted  to  farming. 

The  Vermilion  River  flows  through  the  township,  from  the  southeast  to  the 
northwest,  dividing  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts.     Wolf  Creek  runs  through 


310  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  northern  part,  and  empties  into  the  Vermilion  after  leaving  the  township. 
These  furnish  an  abundance  of  excellent  stock  water  to  the  farms  near  which 
they  pass,  and  Vermilion  River  affords  good  water-power  for  the  mill  located  at 
Pontiac.     Fish,  in  some  variety,  abound. 

The  timber  at  this  point  is  mostly  oak,  walnut,  maple  and  linn,  and  covers 
the  larger  part  of  Section  7  and  small  portions  of  17,  25  and  36.  Building 
stone,  suitable  for  foundations,  is  found  in  the  western  part ;  and  on  Sections 
25  and  36,  gravel,  of  a  good  quality  for  building  roads,  is  obtained. 

The  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  from  the  northeast  to  the  southwest,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah,  from  northwest  to  southeast,  cross  each  other  and  the  Ver- 
milion River  at  Pontiac. 

CITY  OF  PONTIAC. 

The  village  of  Pontiac  was  incorporated  under  the  general  law  of  the  State, 
February  12,^  1856,  by  the  election  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  consisting  of  Nel- 
son Buck,  J.  W.  Strevelle,  S.  C.  Ladd,  Z.  H.  Nettleton  and  H.  Jones — the 
first  named  being  chosen  Chairman  or  President. 

Under  this  organization  the  town  continued  for  nine  years.  During  the 
time  much  discussion  arose,  and  much  bitter  feeling  was  engendered,  in  regard 
to  the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors.  Indeed,  the  local  politics  of  the  town  con- 
sisted almost  wholly  in  this  question ;  and,  upon  this,  the  two  parties  were 
almost  evenly  divided.  Sometimes  the  license  party  elected  the  Board,  and 
sometimes  the  anti-license  party  succeeded. 

At  last,  in  1865,  an  attempt  was  made,  by  way  of  legislation,  to  set  the 
question  at  rest  by  obtaining  a  special  charter,  which  prohibited,  not  only  the 
sale  of  liquors,  but  restrained  the  Trustees  from  granting  any  authority  Avhat- 
ever  to  saloon  keepers  to  vend  such  article.  The  charter,  however,  was  satis- 
factory to  its  friends  only  in  so  far  as  they  were  enabled  to  elect  Trusetes  who 
would  enforce  its  provisions  in  accordance  Avith  their  views  of  its  merits ;  and 
the  temperance  question  was  not  fully  settled. 

The  other  provisions  of  the  charter  were  much  the  same  as  those  in  effect  in 
other  towns  of  like  size;  but  on  account  of  this  peculiarity,  it  was  obnoxious  to 
a  portion  of  the  inhabitants.  Attempts  were  therefore  made  to  obtain  a  new 
special  charter,  but  Avithout  effect ;  and  the  Princeton  Charter,  as  it  was  denom- 
inated, continued  in  force  until  1872. 

In  1870,  the  people  of  the  State,  at  a  general  election,  adopted  a  new  Con- 
stitution, in  which  was  a  clause  prohibiting  "  class  legislation  ;  "  and  under  this 
Constitution,  the  Legislature  passed  a  general  law  in  regard  to  the  government 
of  cities  and  towns,  in  the  Winter  of  1870-71. 

On  the  11th  of  September,  1872,  the  city  of  Pontiac  was  organized  under 
the  new  law,  by  the  election  of  R.  W.  Babcock  as  first  Mayor ;  F.  C.  Brown, 
W.  H.  Clelland,  Martin  Dolde,  L.  E.  Kent.  William  Perry  and  Charles  Gross 
as  Aldermen :  and  A.  W.  Cowan  as  Clerk. 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  318 

An  important  measure,  adopted  that  year,  has  had  a  marked  effect  upon  the 
appearance  of  the  city,  rendering  it,  at  the  same  time,  more  substantial  and 
handsome  than  it  otherwise  ^ould  have  been.  An  extensive  fire,  consuming  a 
large  portion  of  the  business  houses  northwest  of  the  public  square,  had  just  been 
experienced ;  and,  to  prevent,  in  a  measure,  the  repetition  of  such  a  catastrophe, 
the  Council  passed  the  ordinance  known  as  tlie  "  fire  limits  law,"  which  prevented 
the  erection  of  wooden  buildings,  not  only  in  the  ''burnt  district,"  but  in  any 
part  of  the  business  portion  of  the  city.  The  consequence  has  been  that  the 
new  buildings  about  the  square  are  all  of  brick,  making  this  part  of  town  not 
only  much  more  solid,  but  adding  greatly  to  its  fine  appearance. 

The  present  officers  of  the  city  are  :  A.  F.  Fisher,  Mayor ;  M.  A.  Renoe 
(Acting  Mayor),  B.  Humiston,  E.  Wilson,  H.  H.  Norton,  J.  P.  Turner  and 
Samuel  Hancock,  Aldermen;   Z.  Winters,  Clerk;  W.  S.  Lacey,  Treasurer. 

Until  1874,  the  schools  of  Pontiac  were  under  the  control  of  a  Board  of 
Directors,  consisting  of  three  persons,  and  ranked  in  their  government  with 
the  otlier  district  schools  of  the  county  ;  but,  at  the  date  mentioned,  the  town 
having  a  population  of  over  2,000,  and  the  friends  of  the  schools  realizing  that 
some  advantages  would  accrue  from  the  adoption  of  the  general  law  authorizing 
a  Board  of  Education,  organized  under  this  act,  electing  as  the  first  Board 
Jonathan  Duft",  J.  W.  Woodrow,  E.  W.  Capron,  S.  0.  Pillsbury,  Aaron  Weider 
and  Martin  Dolde,  the  first  named  being  President,  and  the  second,  Secretary. 
Under  the  new  system,  the  schools  have  worked  with  great  satisfaction.  A  better 
method  of  grading  has  been  adopted.  Teachers  have  been  selected  more  with  refer- 
ence to  qualification  for  the  particular  positions  to  be  filled.  Better  rules  and 
regulations  for  their  government  have  been  adopted  and  enforced,  than  formerly. 

The  school  buildings,  though  yet  scarcely  adequate  for  their  purpose,  are 
the  best  in  the  county.  The  main  building,  near  the  center  of  the  north  side 
of  the  city,  was  erected  in  1866,  at  a  cost  of  $23,000.  It  is  a  fine  building,  three 
stories  in  height,  containing  five  principal  and  two  class  rooms,  and  is  capable  of 
of  accommodating  nearly  four  hundred  pupils.  A  principal  and  six  assistants  are 
employed  for  this  building.  A  primary  school  on  the  south  sideof  the  river, 
and  one  on  the  west  side  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  are  also  maintained. 

The  present  corps  of  teachers  consists  of  R.  B.  Welch,  Superintandent ; 
Belle  Borin,  E.  0.  McCulloch,  Mary  Sumner,  Rose  Rilea,  A.  W.  Kellogg, 
Josie  Schneider,  H.  M.  Fursman  and  Rose  Camp,  Assistants. 

A  few  items  taken  from  the  Principal's  report  for  1876,  though  two  years 
past,  will  not  vary  greatly  from  the  report  of  the  present  year,  which  has  not 
yet  been  submitted. 

Number  of  cliildren  between  6  and  21 1,209 

Total  enrolled  during  llie  year 767 

Total  eiir..lle<l  in  High  School 112 

Total  enrolled  in  Graniniar  School Itlf) 

Total  enrolled  in  Inierniediate  School 175 

Total  enrolled  in  Primary  School :!15 

Number  of  teachers  employed 10 

Total  paid  out  for  support  of  schools $H,947  11         r» 


314  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

But  few  towns  of  the  size  of  Pontiac  are  better  supplied  with  church  privi- 
leges than   this.     At  a  very   early   day   in   the  history  of  the   place,  church 
services  were  held,  but  not  till  a  comparatively  nij^lern  date  was  there  a  church 
organization,  or  even  regular  service.     A   MethOTlist  class   was   organized   in 
1850;  and  irregular  services  by  Presbyterian  clergymen  were  held   in  the  old 
Court  House,  and  in  the  Buck  Hotel  a  little  later;  but  no  building  was  erected,  or 
even  an  organization  effected,  until   1855.     The  first  preaching  by  a  Presbyte- 
rian minist'^r  was  in  1852,  by  Rev.  Amasa  Drake,  of  Chicago.     The  services 
were  conducted  in  the  hotel  named,  and  were  at  irregular  intervals.      Rev.  Mr. 
Day,  of  Morris,  preached  a  few  times  in  the  old  Court  House,  as  did  also  Par- 
son High.     The  first  regular  preaching  was  by  Rev.  L.  H.  Loss,  in  1855,  when 
he  organized  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  Pontiac.     The  church  was  organized 
October,  1855.     The  original  members  were  William  J.  Murphy,  Sen.,  and  wife, 
Abel  C.  Kidder  and  wife,  and  Mrs.  Maria  Buck  ;  the  total  number  being  but  five. 
The  Rev.  I.  T.  Whittemore,  was  the  first  pastor  chosen,  in  1856.      Under  his  ad- 
ministration, was  the  first  church  building  in  the  town  and  (with  one  exception) 
in  the  county  erected.     This  was  built  in   1856,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $3,000. 
It  was  considered,  in  its  early  days,  a  very  handsome  and  commodious  edifice, 
and  doubts  were  entertained  whether  the  society  needed  so  extensive  a  structure, 
or  would  ever  see  the  time  when  its  capacity  would  be  equalled  by  its  congre- 
gation.    Not  only  did  it  outlive  its  usefulness,  but   it  saw  during  its  existence 
the  erection  of  five  others,  four  of  which  are  larger  and  much  more  expensive. 
In    1872,  it   Avas   decided   by    the  society  to  replace  their  old  building,  by  one 
commensurate  in  size  to  their  increased  wants;  and  their  present  neat  and  sub- 
stantial house  of  worship  was  erected.     The  old  building  was  sold  to  Wallace 
Lord,   and  is  used  by  him   as  an  opera  house,  and  though  it  is  no  longer  a 
place  of  worship,  it  is  still  the    Lord's   house.      The  new  building  was   con- 
structed at  a  cost  of  a  little  over  $18,000,  including  grounds.      Its  size  is  forty- 
two  feet  in  width,  and,  including  the  chancel,  ninety  in  length  ;  and  it  is  capable 
of  seating  about    four  hundred    persons.       The   present  membership   of   the 
church  is  162.     The  Pastors  in  charge  of  the  society  since  Whittemore  have 
been   Adam  Johnson,   Alonzo  P.  Johnson,  J.  McConnell,  W.  H.  Gardner,  R. 
Kesslar,  and  the  present  Pastor,  Rev.  Benjamin  L.  Swan.     The  Sunday  school 
in  connection  with  this  church  was  organized  in  1855,  with  forty  scholai's,  and 
with  Rev.  W.  J.  Murphy  as  Superintendent.     The  next  year,  J.  W.  Strevelle 
was  elected  Superintendent,  and  held  the  office  continuously  until  1870.     The 
present  Superintendent  is  A.  W.  Kellogg.     The  school  numbers  at  this  time 
180  scholars. 

The  M.  E.  Church  was  organized  in  1861,  but  a  class  had  been  formed 
nearly  ten  years  before,  and,  in  1858,  they  had  built  a  house  of  worship.  The 
old  house,  which  has  since  been  sold  to  the  Catholic  society,  cost  $2,600.  The 
society,  at  its  first  organization,  numbered  sixty  persons,  and  was  under  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  M.  Spurlock.     Under  his  preaching,  and  that  of  his  success- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  315 

ors,  the  society  grew  rapidly  in  numbers,  influence  and  wealth,  until,  in  1866, 
its  demands  were  found  to  be  largely  in  excess  of  the  old  building,  and  a  new 
one,  adequate  to  the  wants  /and  means  of  the  congregation,  was  decided  upon. 
This  was  the  centennial  year  of  Methodism  in  the  United  States ;  and,  though 
building  materials  were  never  before  nor  since  so  high,  a  building  worthy  of  the 
church  and  the  year  was  founded,  and,  in  due  time,  completed.  The  structure 
was  erected  at  an  outlay  of  $22,000,  is  forty-three  by  seventy  feet  in  size,  and 
will  accommodate  a  congregation  of  480  persons. 

The  society  has  increased  steadily  and  rapidly,  numbering  at  this  time 
265  members.  In  1872,  a  neat  and  comfortable  parsonage  was  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $2,000,  thus  making,  in  value,  the  largest  church  property  owned  by 
any  one  society  in  the  county.  The  Sunday  school,  in  connection  with  this 
church,  was  organized  at  the  time  the  first  class  was  formed,  and  consisted  of  about 
forty  scholars,  with  Mrs.  Sarah  Remick  as  Superintendent.  The  school  has  grown 
to  number,  at  present,  nearly  three  hundred.  J.  F.  Culver,  present  Pastor  of 
the  Church,  is  Superintendent,  and  has  occupied  the  position  for  eighteen  years. 

As  early  as  1854,  Rev.  Washington  Houston,  a  pioneer  preacher  of  the 
Christian  or  Disciple  Church,  preached  at  this  place,  and  organized  a  society  of 
this  denomination  about  a  year  later.  The  primary  organization  consisted  of 
John  Powell,  William  Perry,  Dr.  J.  M.  Perry,  Wilson  Hull,  Robert  Sample 
and  their  wives.  Irregular  services  were  held  in  the  Court  House  and  in  the 
school  house  until  1865,  when  they  united  with  the  other  denomination  of 
Christians,  sometimes  called  "New  Lights,"  in  the  erection  of  a  church  edifice. 
The  house  was  put  up  at  a  cost  of  about  five  thousand  dollars,  and  occupied  by 
both  societies  for  a  few  years,  when  the  latter  abandoned  their  organization,  and 
both  societies,  through  financial  difficulties,  relinquished  the  building.  The  loss 
of  the  house  proved  to  be  a  great  discouragement  to  the  society,  and  its  organi- 
zation was  in  a  measure  discontinued.  However,  on  January  1,  1874,  through 
the  efforts  of  a  few  of  the  members,  the  society  was  reorganized,  and  Elder 
Chfirles  Rowe  was  chosen  Pastor.  He  served  in  this  capacity  oneyear,  and  was 
then  followed  by  Elder  W.  F.  Richardson,  who  has  since  ministered  to  the 
Church.  Although  they  own  no  church  property,  they  meet  in  the  building 
formerly  occupied  and  owned  by  them.  The  society  numbers  about  one 
hundred  members.  The  Sunday  school,  under  the  Superintendency  of  John 
Bell,  numbers  about  sixty. 

Catholic  services  were  held  here  for  the  first  time  in  July,  1857,  by  Rev 
Father  Hurley,  and  occasionally  thereafter  Fathers  Kennedy,  Sherry,  Cahill  and 
Lonergan  visited  the  town  and  preached  at  William  Cleary's  house.  In  1866, 
the  Catholic  Church  bouglit  of  the  Methodists  their  house  of  worship  for  $2,000, 
and  fitted  it  up  for  the  use  of  themselves.  The  first  mass  celebrated  in  this 
house  was  by  the  Rev.  Father  O'Neill.  Since  this  time,  regular  services  have 
been  held  here  by  Revs.  Quigley,  Fanning,  Hanley  and  the  present  priest, 
Rev.  Father  Finch. 


316  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  Baptist  denomination  had  held  meetings  here,  with  varying  regularity, 
for  a  number  of  years  before  an  organization  was  effected.  Rev.  Frederick 
Ketchara  came  and  preached  for  them  during  the  year  1861,  and  organized  the 
society,  and,  in  1862,  he  moved  to  Pontiac  and  took  charge  of  the  public 
schools,  and  also  of  the  church,  as  its  Pastor.  He  continued  to  preach  for  the 
congregation  until  the  year  1865  ;  and  during  the  last  year  of  his  ministry  a 
house  of  worship  was  erected.  The  building  is  a  neat  frame,  substantially  con- 
structed and  nicely  furnished,  and  will  accommodate  about  three  hundred  sit- 
tings. After  its  dedication,  Rev.  Geo.  A.  Simonson  was  called  to  the  pastorate. 
He  was  followed  in  turns  by  Revs.  William  B.  Watson,*  C.  E.  Taylor  and 
the  present  Pastor,  J.  W.  Icenbarger.  The  Sunday  school  connected  with  the 
denomination  is  under  the  superintendence  of  Randolph  Zeph. 

In  addition  to  these,  the  colored  people  have  two  small  places  of  worship. 
The  colored  Methodists  occupy  and  own  the  building  originally  erected  as  an 
Academy  ol  Music  or  Turner  Hall.  The  colored  Baptists  Avorship  in  the  old 
school  house,  which  they  have  bought  and  fitted  up  for  the  purpose. 

A  Universalist  Society  was  organized  here  about  twelve  years  ago.  They 
purchased  and  fitted  up  the  Academy  of  Music  for  $1,000,  and  held  meetings 
there  for  a  few  years.  They  finally  sold  their  house  to  the  colored  Methodists, 
and  dispensed  with  church  services,  though  the  organization  remains  intact. 

A  history  of  the  press  of  Pontiac  would  not  only  be  almost  a  complete  his- 
tory of  Pontiac,  but  a  history  of  the  county  as  well,  as  a  paper  was  established 
here  very  soon  after  the  town  and  county  really  began  to  grow.  As  a  faithful 
record  of  passing  events,  in  the  succeeding  issues  of  a  newspaper,  must  con- 
tain everything  of  importance  not  only  in  the  town,  but  in  the  vicinity,  so 
files  of  such  papers  must  be  the  most  complete  and  reliable  history  obtainable. 
To  these  files  we  are  greatly  indebted  for  whatever  worth  these  pages  shall 
prove  to  be,  as  from  them  has  been  drawn,  largely,  the  matter  contained  herein. 

The  first  newpaper  was  established  here  in  1855,  by  J.  S.  France,  a  lawyer, 
from  Ottawa.  The  first  number  made  its  appearance  March  14,  1855.  The 
paper  was  independent  in  politics,  and  was  to  be  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
community,  regardless  of  sect  or  party.  The  publication,  however,  either 
lacked  financial  strength  or  editorial  ability ;  for,  within  a  few  months,  the 
enterprise  was  so  involved  that  it  was  found  impossible  to  proceed,  and  the 
sureties  of  the  concern  were  obliged  to  turn  it  over  to  other  parties.  This  date 
marks  the  advent  of  one  of  the  very  few  successful  newspaper  men  that  have 
carried  on  the  business  at  this  point. 

M.  A.  Renoe  came  to  the  place  June  9,  1855 ;  and  he,  with  Philip  Cook, 
took  possession  of  the  office.  Reno  had  $100,  which  he  invested,  and  Cook, 
having  nothing,  gave  his  note  in  an  equal  amount,  and  with  this  capital  the 
Livingston  County  News  was  again  on  its  feet.  The  firm  continued  the  publi- 
cation of  the  paper  for  several  years,  when  James  G.  Albe  came  into  possession, 

*  Mr.  Watson's  last  ministry  was  with  this  Church.     He  died  during  his  last  year's  service. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY'.  317 

and  continued  its  issue  until  the  beginning  of  the  war.  The  News,  in  the 
meantime,  had  become  a  Democratic  paper,  and  during  the  war  the  popular 
feeling  in  this  county  being  largely  in  favor  of  an  aggressive  prosecution  of  the 
struggle,  and  the  Neivs  being  quite  conservative,  it  met  but  poor  encourage- 
ment, and  was  abandoned. 

In  1858,  the  Sentinel  was  started,  by  Cook  &  Gagan.  Philip  Cook  had 
retired  from  the  News,  and  William  Gagan  having  recently  arrived,  the  two 
formed  a  partnership  to  start  a  Republican  paper  in  opposition  to  the  News. 
They  continued  the  publication  until  1860,  when,  Cook  having  been  elected 
County  Treasurer,  they  sold  out  to  M.  E.  Collins.  Collins  was,  two  years  later, 
also  elected  Treasurer,  and  the  paper  then  passed  into  the  hands  of  H.  S. 
Decker  and  James  Stout.  Later,  it  was  published  by  Stout  &  Denslow,  and 
again  by  Stout  alone. 

In  1867,  Henry  Jones  and  M.  A.  Renoe  commenced  the  publication  of  the 
Free  Press,  in  opposition  to  the  Sentinel.  They  afterward  bought  out  the 
Sentinel,  and  merged  the  tAvo  publications  into  one,  calling  it  the  Sentinel  and 
Press.  A  short  time  after,  the  latter  part  of  the  name  was  dropped,  and  the 
old  name  Sentinel  only  was  retained ;  and  by  this  name  it  has  been  known  ever 
since.  In  1875,  F.  L.  Alles.  having  bought  out  the  establishment,  took  control 
as  editor  and  proprietor. 

In  the  meantime,  quite  a  number  of  cotemporary  papers  had  been  founded, 
but  none  were  entirely  successful  until  the  Free  Trader  was  established.  The 
first  number  of  this  publication  appeared  May  11,  1870.  A  national  political 
campaign  was  approaching,  and  it  was  desirable  that  the  Democratic  party 
should  have  an  organ  to  advocate  the  claims  of  that  party  in  this  county; 
hence  the  Free  Trader,  with  A.  L.  Bagby  as  editor,  was  established.  The 
enterprise,  however,  was  but  partially  successful,  until  it  came  into  the  hands  of 
McGregor  &  Johnson.  They  came  into  possession  of  the  office  October  28, 
1871.  About  this  time,  a  great  wave  of  feeling  on  the  monopoly  question 
began  to  sweep  over  the  country ;  and  this  county  being  in  the  midst  of  the 
flood,  the  time  was  auspicious,  and  the  proprietors  being  possessed  of  both 
means  and  ability,  the  success  of  the  enterprise  was  fully  assured.  After  a 
short  time,  M.  A.  Renoe  bought  out  McGregor,  and  the  firm  of  Renoe  &  John- 
son published  the  Free  Trader  as  an  advocate  of  the  Farmers'  Movement.  A 
little  over  a  year  ago,  Renoe  retired  from  the  firm,  and  John  Stuff  became  a 
partner. 

Among  the  other  papers  established  here  since  the  failure  of  the  News 
have  been  : 

The  Co7istitution,  started  in  July,  1864,  by  E.  B,  Buck.  It  was  a  Demo- 
cratic paper,  to  support  McClellan  and  Pendleton. 

The  Pontiac  Jiejmblican,  started  in  October,  1865,  by  T.  B.  Harper. 

The  National  Union  was  a  Democratic  campaign  paper,  published  by  J. 
W.  Youman.     It  appeiired  in  October,  1866. 


318  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  Democrat  was  established  at  the  request  of  the  Democratic  Central 
Committee,  by  Messrs.  Milton  &  Organ.  This  was  the  Democratic  organ  until 
near  the  establishment  of  the  Free  Trader. 

The  Weekly  Monitor  was  started  July  29,  1870,  by  T.  B.  Harper,  to  advo- 
cate a  county  temperance  ticket. 

In  the  Spring  of  1870,  Thomas  Wing  issued  a  fcAv  numbers  of  the  People's 
Advocate.      This  was  to  be  a  Prohibition  paper,  but  it  lasted  but  a  few  weeks. 

The  first  number  of  Ford's  Livingston  County  Democrat  has  just  made  its 
appearance.  It  is  published  by  the  authority  and  in  the  interests  of  the  Dem- 
ocratic party  of  this  county.  The  editor  and  proprietor  is  J.  B.  Ford,  formerly 
of  the  Democrat,  of  Marshall  County. 

The  subsequent  movements  of  some  of  the  persons  connected  with  these 
enterprises  will  doubtless  be  interesting  to  many  readers. 

Philip  Cook  was  from  New  York,  and  came  to  Pontiac  to  work  f.)r  the 
assignees  of  the  News.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  as  Treasurer, 
he  removed  to  California,  where  he  has  resided  until  the  present.  He  is  now 
connected  with  the  paper  known  as  the  Evening  Call,  at  San  Francisco. 

William  Gagan  was  an  acquaintance  of  Cook's  in  New  York,  and  came  to 
Pontiac  to  establish  a  Republican  paper.  After  closing  up  his  affairs  at  this 
place,  he  also  removed  to  California,  and  published  the  Oakland  Daily  News. 
He  continued  its  publication  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he  died. 

Henry  Jones  is  a  son  of  Judge  Jones,  and  was  raised  in  this  county.  After 
his  retirement  from  the  Sentinel,  he  went  to  Dallas,  Texas,  where  he  is  engaged 
in  the  business  of  publishing. 

James  Stout,  formerly  from  Ohio,  came  from  Ottawa  to  Pontiac  in  1855. 
He  engaged  for  a  time  in  farming,  and  betimes  practiced  his  profession — that  of 
a  lawyer.  Mr.  Stout  was  an  Abolitionist  of  the  most  ultra  character,  and  at  a 
time  when  it  was  anything  but  popular  to  promulgate  the  doctrine.  After  his 
connection  with  the  Sentinel  ceased,  he  received  from  the  Government  the 
appointment  of  Receiver  of  Moneys  of  Idaho  Territory,  and  removed  thither 
with  his  family. 

Henry  S.  Decker  was  from  Chicago,  where  he  had  acted  as  foreman  of  the 
Journal  office.  Decker  was  a  man  who  sacrificed  everything  for  his  friends, 
and  died  in  want.  After  his  connection  with  the  press  of  Livingston  County 
had  terminated,  he  returned  to  Chicago,  just  before  the  great  fire,  broken  down 
in  health,  discouraged  and  poverty-stricken.  He  and  his  wife  both  died  within 
a  few  days  of  each  other,  and  were  buried  by  charity.  Decker  was  at  once  one 
of  the  hardest  workers  and  the  least  appreciated  of  all  who  were  connected  for 
any  length  of  time  with  the  press  of  this  city. 

Pontiac  Lodge,  No.  294,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  instituted  in  October,  1858- 
The  charter  was  granted  to  William  Manlove,  J.  R.  Wolgamot,  Samuel  B.  Nor- 
ton, Aaron  Weider,  S.  C.  Ladd,  A.  E.  Harding,  I.  T.  Whittemore  and  George 
P.  Olrastead,  of  which  Aaron  Weider  was  appointed  first  Master;  S.  C.  Ladd, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  319 

Senior  Warden;  Wm.  Manlove,  Junior  Warden;  and  A.  E.  Harding,  Sec.  The 
successive  Masters  have  been  William  Manlove,  two  years ;  J.  R.  Wolgaraot, 
three  years  ;  E.  R.  Maples,  three  years  ;  H.  H.  Hill,  six  years  :  A.  W.  Cowan, 
three  years  ;  J.  E.  Morrow,  one  year  ;  and  E.  E.  Wallace,  two  years.  A  com- 
plete list  of  the  present  officers  is  as  follows  :  E.  E.  Wallace,  W.  M. ;  P.  M. 
Schwartz,  S.  W. ;  E.  E.  Kent,  J.  W.;  A.  W.  Cowan,  Sec;  A.  Brower,  Treas.; 
A.  Babcock,  S.  D.;  F.  L.  Alles,  J.  D.;  E.  M.  Johnson,  S.  S.;  D.  Kavanaugh, 
J.  S.;  Jno.  E.  Bell,  Tyler  :  J.  F.  Culver,  Chaplain.  The  present  membership 
of  the  Lodge  is  eighty-four.  The  regular  meetings  are  held  on  the  first  and 
third  Tuesdays  of  each  month. 

A  charter  was  granted  by  the  Grand  Master  of  the  I.  0.  0.  F.,  to  establish 
a  lodge  of  that  order  in  Pontiac,  to  be  known  as  Pontiac  Lodge,  No.  262,  in 
1858.  The  charter  was  granted  to  R.  W.  Babcock,  B.  W.  Gray,  Jacob 
Streamer,  John  A.  Fellows  and  F.  H.  Bond.  Prior  to  1870,  the  Lo'lge  had 
erected  a  neat  and  convenient  hall  for  their  use  ;  but  in  the  year  named,  it,  with 
a  large  number  of  other  buildings,  was  consumed  by  fire.  Immediately  after 
its  destruction,  steps  were  taken  to  replace  it  by  the  present  handsome  and  com- 
modious building.  The  structure  is  thirty  feet  by  eighty,  and  is  three  stories 
high.  The  first  story  is  used  for  a  store-room,  the  second  for  offices,  and  the 
third  is  the  Lodge  room,  used  by  this  and  other  secret  societies.  The  present 
officers  of  the  Lodge  are  E.  L.  Wilson,  N.  G.;  Thomas  Bowden,  V.  G.;  J.  W. 
Daman,  Rec.  Sec;  Z.  Winters,  Per.  Sec;  M.  Dolde,  Treas. 

In  1864,  an  Encampment  of  this  order  was  established  here,  and  denomi- 
nated Vermilion  Encampment.  The  charter  was  granted  to  F.  H.  Bond,  J.  B. 
McCleary,  Peter  Johnson,  A.  Hinsey,  W.  W.  Stinett,  G.  Wolgamot  and  others. 
The  present  principal  officers  are  E.  L.  Wilson,  C.  P.;  Richard  Smith,  S.  W.; 
C.  C.  Gilbert.  J.  W. :  J.  S.  Lee,  H.  P.;  H.  H.  Lucas,  Scribe;  M.  Dolde, 
Treas. 

Company  A.,  of  Tenth  I.  N.  G.,  was  organized  at  Pontiac  in  June,  1877. 
The  company,  at  present,  consists  of  seventy  three  men,  including  officers. 

The  officers'  roster  is  as  follows :  B.  E.  Robinson,  Captain  ;  R.  J.  Johnson, 
First  Lieutenant ;  J.  C.  Reach,  Second  Lieutenant;  James  Fenton,  Orderly. 
The  company  is  nicely  uniformed,  and  armed  with  breech-loading  needle  guns. 
The  regimental  headquarters  are  at  Dwight,  Col.  J.  B.  Parsons,  commanding. 

Numerous  and  destructive  fires  ip.  the  city  demonstrated  the  fact  that  Pon- 
tiac had  not  only  suffered  severely  from  a  lack  of  efficient  means  of  controlling 
the  element,  but  from  this  her  citizens  realized  the  necessity  of  more  thorough 
organization.  A  fire  engine  of  excellent  quality  and  fine  powers  having  been 
purchased  by  the  city  authorities,  a  company  to  operate  it  was  formed  shortly 
after.  The  organization  took  place  in  February,  1874.  James  E.  Morrow  was 
chosen  Chief  Marshal ;  J.  II.  Smith,  Assistant ;  John  K.  Clark,  Foreman  of 
the  Engine,  and  R.  D.  Folks,  Assistant ;  James  Briglit,  Foreman  of  Hose  Com- 
pany ;  Charles  Bigelow,   Foreman   of  Hook  and  Ladder  Company,   and  F.  D. 


320  HISTORY, OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Cannon,  Assistant;  C  R.  Wheeler,  Engineer,  and  D.  Kavenaugh,  Assistant 
The  Avhole  number  of  men  in  the  service  at  the  time  was  about  sixty.  Bj 
June  of  the  year  named,  the  most  of  the  men  and  some  of  the  officers  had 
dropped  out  of  the  organization,  and  in    reality  the  companies  had  been  almost 

disbanded. 

On  the  4th  of  July  of  this  year  occurred  the  most  destructive  fire  in  the 
history  of  the  city,  and  this,  with  the  proposition  from  the  Council  to  grant 
privileges  and  pay,  which  the  old  company  had  not  enjoyed,  had  the  effect  of 
bringing  about  a  new  organization.  On  the  9th  of  the  same  month,  the  new 
organization  was  effected,  which,  with  immaterial  change,  has  existed  to  the- 
present.  J.  E.  Morrow  was  elected  Chief  Marshal;  J.  II.  Smith,  Assistant; 
John  Clark,  Foreman  of  Engine  ;  F.  Armstrong,  Assistant ;  C  R.  Wheeler, 
Engineer;  D.  Kavenaugh,  Assistant. 

No  single  instrumentality  has  had  more  to  do  with  the  appearance  of  the- 
city  than  that  of  fires;  and,  while  they  have  entailed  hardships  on  the  individual 
owners  of  the  property  destroyed,  their  effect  has,  in  the  end,  been  to  add  greatly 
to  the  beauty  and  safety  of  the  city. 

The  first  fire  of  any  considerable  proportions  was  that  which  consumed  the 
row  of  wooden  buildings  on  the  south  side  of  Madison  street,  December  8,  1867. 
The  fire  originated  in  the  office  of  the  Pontiac  Sentinel,  and  destroyed,  beside- 
this,  Croswell's  drugstore,  Schneider's  meat  market  and  several  other  buildings. 
The  loss  occasioned  by  this  fire  was  estimated  at  about  $20,000. 

On  the  night  of  July  7,  1870,  happened  one  of  the  most  destructive  confla- 
grations that  have  visited  the  city.  The  fire  broke  out  in  the  store  of  Herbert  & 
Son,  which  stood  north  of  the  place  now  occupied  by  the  Odd  Fellows'  H:ill, 
extending  to  the  hall,  consuming  it,  the  City  Hotel,  and  continuing  its  course 
to  the  corner  of  Mill  and  Madison  streets,  and  thence  west  on  Madison,  more 
than  Half  the  length  of  the  block.  Twelve  stores  and  other  property,  amount- 
ing in  value  to  about  $50,000,  were  swept  away. 

Where  now  stands  a  fine  row  of  brick  buildings,  known  as  Union  Block, 
stood  prior  to  November  2,  1871,  a  row  of  ungainly  wooden  structures.  On  the 
day  mentioned,  these  were  burned.  The  loss  was  estimated  at  $10,000.  As 
soon  as  the  debris  was  fairly  cleared  away,  a  movement  was  set  on  foot  to  replace 
them  with  a  fine  block  of  stores  and  a  hotel,  that  should  be  a  credit  to  the  town. 
The  buildings  were  soon  up  and  occupied,  and  the  proprietors  and  the  citizens 
felt  almost  glad  that  the  fire  had  taken  the  old  row  away — certainly  all  felt  proud 
of  the  new.  However,  their  congratulations  were  of  but  short  duration,  for  on  the 
4th  day  of  July,  1874.  they,  too,  with  several  other  buildings,  including  the  Court 
House,  were  totally  consumed.  It  is  supposed  the  fire  originated  from  torpedoes, 
that  were  being  thrown  about  promiscuously.  This  was  doubtless  the  most  disas- 
trous fire,  taking  into  account  the  size  of  the  town,  th;it  had  occurred  in  the  central 
part  of  the  State.  In  the  amount  lost,  the  rapidity  of  the  destruction,  and  the 
completeness  of  its  devastation,   it   could   hardly  be  equaled.     The  buildings 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  321 

were  new  and  had  been  but  recently  filled  with  new  goods,  and  the  hotel,  which 
bad  just  received  its  finishing  touches,  and  was  occupied,  was  furnished  in  a 
most  elegant  manner.  In  less  than  three  hours,  this,  the  finest  part  of  the  city, 
was  entirely  annihilated. 

On  the  night  of  the  3d  of  July,  1875,  a  saloon  and  two  other  buildings  oik 
the  corner  of  Mill  and  Washington  streets  were  consumed.  All  of  these, 
including  the  Court  House,  have  since  been  replaced  with  structures  of  such  a 
character  as  makes  one  almost  cease  to  regret  that  the  fires  took  place.  The 
Court  House,  especially,  had  become  an  "eyesore,"  not  only  to  the  citizens  of 
Pontiac,  but  to  everybody  interested  in  the  safe  keeping  of  the  county  records  ; 
and  in  further  consideration  of  the  beautiful  Temple  of  Justice  which  now 
graces  the  spot,  but  little  sorrow  is  manifested  for  the  misfortune. 

The  second  Court  House  was  built  in  1856,  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  and, 
at  that  time,  was  considered  a  very  creditable  affair,  and  such  as  would  answer 
for  many  generations  to  come.  Many  thought  it  larger  and  more  expensive 
than  necessary.  It  served  for  a  long  time,  not  only  for  Court  House,  but  for 
post  office,  and  most  of  the  lawyers  found  room  Avithin  it  for  their  headquarters. 
Its  hall,  until  the  last,  was  used  by  those  denominations  of  Christians  without 
houses  of  worship,  as  a  place  to  hold  church  services ;  and  public  meetings  of 
various  other  kinds  were  accommodated  here.  In  time,  as  the  county  grew  in 
importance  and  population,  it  began  to  be  realized  that,  at  no  distant  day,  it 
must  be  replaced  by  something  more  commodious  and  more  in  keeping  Avith  the- 
wants  and  ability  of  the  county. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  all  who  have  examined,  and  have  had  opportunities  for 
comparing,  thu,t  the  present  structure  is,  without  exception,  the  best  for  the 
money  in  the  State  of  Illinois.  The  work  of  rebuilding  was  entered  upon, 
immediately  after  the  fire,  and  within  a  year  it  was  ready  for  occupancy. 

The  Committee  on  Building  consisted  of  J.  E.  MorroAV,  C.  G.  Greenwood. 
Jacob  Phillips  and  W.  S.  Sims.  They  employed  J.  C.  Cochrane,  of  Chicago, 
as  architect,  and  Colwell,  Clark  &  Co.,  of  Ottawa,  as  builders.  The  cost  of  the 
building  was  $63,406.00,  and  the  architect's  fees  were  $3,173.30,  making  a 
total  cost  of  $66,639.30. 

Contrary  to  the  usual  custom,  even  where  officials  ai*e  honest,  there  has  never 
been  a  hint  that  either  committee  or  contractors  "  made  anything"  out  of  the 
job.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  supposed  that  the  contractors  lost  heavily.  Certain 
it  is,  that  the  splendid  edifice  which  now  adorns  the  Court  Square  is  a  credit  to 
the  committee,  an  honor  to  its  builders,  and  a  source  of  congratulation  to  the 
people  of  the  county. 

•  Previous  to  1866,  the  prisoners  of  the  county  had  to  be  taken  to  other 
counties  for  safe  keeping,  as  no  jail  had  yet  been  provided.  The  jail  lot 
provided  for,  by  Weed  and  the  Youngs,  had  been  occupied  only  by  a  tem- 
porary building  used  by  the  town  as  a  calaboose.  Thirty  years  had  elapsed 
before  the  county  authorities  found  the  necessity  of  occupying  the  lot.      In  the 


S22  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

jear  named,  having  realized  the  expensive  method  of  caring  for  prisoners,  and 
not  being  desirous  longer  of  depending  on  other  counties  for  such  accommoda- 
tions, the  Board  of  Supervisors  erected  upon  the  spot  designed  for  the  purpose 
a  building  eminently  fitted  for  the  purpose.  It  is  a  built  of  massive  stone, 
thirty-five  by  fifty  feet,  and  cost  ^32,000.  It  has  been  called  a  "model  jail," 
and  committees  from  various  counties  have  been  sent  to  examine  it,  with  a  view 
of  making  it  a  pattern  for  similar  buildings. 

Perhaps  the  case  which  has  produced  the  greatest  excitement — and  on 
account  of  recent  developments  excites  additional  intei'est — that  ever  came 
before  the  courts  of  Livingston  County,  was  a  trial  for  murder  committed  in  the 
vicinity  of  Pontiac,  in  1858. 

In  October  of  that  year,  the  body  of  a  young  woman  named  Mary  Murphy 
was  found  near  the  railroad  track,  a  short  distance  south  of  town.  She  had 
been  missing  about  eighteen  days,  and  certain  suspicious  circumstances  occur- 
ring at  the  time  led  to  the  arrest  of  a  colored  man,  who  gave  his  name  as  Wiley 
J.  Morris.  lie  was  brought  to  Pontiac  and  examined  before  Jacob  Streamer, 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  by  him  committed  to  jail  to  await  trial.  He  was  con- 
fined in  the  jail  at  Bloomington,  where  he  lay  until  the  Fall  of  1860,  when  his 
trial  came  off". 

It  was  shown  on  the  part  of  the  prosecution  that  Morris  had  been  seen  walk- 
ing on  the  railroad  track,  about  a  mile  behind  the  girl  afterward  found  mur- 
dered; that  the  rate  at  which  he  was  walking,  as  compared  with  her  pace,  would 
cause  him  to  overtake  her  at  the  point  ^here  the  body  was  found  ;  and  that  he 
had  just  been  in  a  murderous  brawl  in  Bloomington,  and  was  of  desperate  char- 
acter. The  evidence  was  wholly  circumstantial,  but  quite  strong.  He  was  ably 
defended  by  A.  E.  Harding,  Esq.,  of  this  city,  who,  however,  labored  greatly 
under  the  disadvantage  of  a  popular  feeling,  which  then  existed  in  the  commu- 
nity, against  the  color  of  his  client. 

The  jury,  after  an  absence  of  an  unusually  long  time,  failed  to  agree,  and 
the  prisoner  was  again  remanded  to  jail  to  await  a  new  trial. 

In  the  meantime,  the  counsel  for  defense  made  application  for  a  change  of 
venue,  which  being  granted,  the  case  was  carried  to  Kankakee  County. 

The  second  trial  came  off  April,  1861.  In  this  trial  he  was  still  more  unsuc- 
.<3essful,  and  he  was  adjudged  guilty  of  murder  in  the  first  degree,  and  con- 
<iemned  to  hang,  in  May  of  the  year  named. 

The  doomed  man  protested  his  innocence  to  the  Inst,  declaring  that  he  was 
teing  murdered  on  account  of  prejudice  against  his  race;  and  on  the  scaffold, 
his  last  words  were,  "  You  murder  me  !     You  murder  me  !    You  murder  me  !  " 

Subsequent  revelations  show  that  probably  Morris  was  an  innocent  man  ; 
.and,  though  otherwise  a  bad  character,  that  he  was  not  guilty  of  the  murder  of 
Mary  Murphy. 

A  short  time  since,  Hawkeye  Bill,  a  notorious  desperado  and  murderer,  on 
his  dying  bed  made  confession  that,  at  the  time  of  the  murder  of  Mary  Murphy, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  323 

he  was  fully  cognizant  of  all  of  the  facts — that  he  was  a  confederate  of  Bill 
Britt,  Jo.  Montana  and  Charles  Logue.  He  says  that  these  three  men  were  on 
a  horse  stealing  expedition,  and  were  camping  for  a  few  days  in  the  timber, 
near  Pontiac,  and  that  the  three  were  the  g'lilty  parties.  He  gives  dates  and 
circumstances  with  so  much  precision  as  to  leave  but  little  doubt  that  they  were 
the  actual  murderers.  He  further  states  that  Britt  and  Montana  have  since 
been  hung  for  other  crimes,  and  that  Logue  has  died  in  prison. 

The  Reform  School  at  Pontiac,  though  a  State  institution,  is  mentioned  here 
for  the  reason  that  the  city  and  township  of  Pontiac  were  interested  largely  in 
securing  its  location  at  this  place.  The  Legislature  had  passed  an  act  allowing 
certain  towns,  possessing  specified  natural  and  already  acquired  advantages,  to 
compete  for  the  establishment  of  the  school  in  their  midst.  After  due  examina- 
tion by  the  commission  appointed  for  that  purpose,  and  hearing  the  proposi- 
tions from  each  locality,  they  settled  on  Pontiac ;  and  the  building  was  com- 
pleted and  ready  for  occupants  in  1870.  George  W.  Perkins,  former  Warden 
■of  the  Illinois  Penitentiary,  was  selected  as  Superintendent,  and  in  his  charge 
the  school  remained  until  1872,  when  the  present  efficient  Superintendent,  J. 
D.  Scouller,  was  appointed.  Through  his  kindness  we  are  able  to  give  the  fol- 
loAving  items  in  relation  to  the  institution  : 

There  is  belonging  to  the  institution,  in  land,  280  acres,  which  is  worked 
by  the  inmates.  A  system  of  thorough  drainage  has  been  commenced,  and 
$5,000  have  been  spent  for  the  purpose,  including  3,000  feet  of  sewer  from  the 
main  building. 

The  buildings  alone  are  valued  at  $110,000.  Over  6,000  shade  and  fruit 
trees  have  been  planted.  The  inmates  have  a  large  play  ground  of  several 
acres,  including  an  excellent  base  ball  ground. 

An  additional  building,  called  a  Family  Building,  has  recently  been  erected, 
where  about  thirty  of  the  better  class  of  boys  will  reside  apart  from  the  others. 
■Great  good  is  expected  from  this  classification  by  the  managers. 

Five  teachers  are  employed,  also  a  farmer,  engineer,  baker,  overseers  of 
shops  and  others  to  the  number  of  eighteen  employes. 

The  school  was  opened  for  the  reception  of  boys,  in  June,  1871,  ami  to  this 
date  there  have  been  756  admitted.     There  are  at  this  time  in  the  school  194. 

Between  seventy  and  eighty  are  employed  making  shoes  in  the  fictory  con- 
nected with  the  institution.  Nearly  300  pairs  are  turned  out  daily.  The  con- 
tractors, Messrs.  Tead  &  Son,  pay  eighteen  cents  per  day  (of  six  hours  each)  for 
the  services  of  each  boy  employpd. 

About  sixty  of  the  smaller  boys  are  engaged  in  caning  chairs  for  the  Bloom- 
ington  Furniture  Manufacturing  Company.  This  branch  is  not  profitable,  but 
keeps  the  boys  busy,  and  teaches  them  habits  of  industry. 

The  rest  of  the  inmates  are  employed  on  the  farm,  in  the  laundry,  bakery 
and  garden,  and  at  miscellaneous  labor. 


324  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

All  clothing  worn  in  the  institution  is  manufactured  by  the  inmates.  Besides 
these  duties  of  six  hours'  labor  each  day,  all  attend  school  four  hours.  All  of 
the  common  branches  are  taught,  and  several  of  the  boys  have  taken  Latin  and 
Greek  lessons.  The  course  of  instruction  is  very  thorough,  the  school  being 
well  graded,  and  competent  teachers  employed.  The  libiary  consists  of  1,500 
volumes,  and  many  of  the  boys  spend  all  of  their  spare  time  in  reading.  Over 
twenty  magazines  and  papers  are  taken  for  the  inmates,  and  all  are  read  eagerly. 

A  large  number  of  those  committed,  on  entering  the  institution,  can  neither 
read  nor  write,  but,  when  discharged,  many  of  them  are  fair  scholars,  and  have 
obtained  and  are  holding  responsible  positions. 

Nine  hours  are  allowed  for  sleep,  and  the  rest  of  the  twenty-four  is  spent  in 
play  and  at  meals. 

The  Board  of  Trustees,  at  present,  consists  of  Obadiah  Iluse,  Evanstou, 
Illinois  ;  Solon  Kendall,  Geneseo  ;  and  J.  F.  Culver  (resident  Trustee),  Pontiac, 
Illinois ;  Dr.  J.  D.  Scouller,  Superintendent. 

Visitors  are  welcome  at  the  school  from  1  to  3.30  P.  M.,  on  Monday, 
Wednesday  and  Friday,  and  on  Sunday  at  chapel  services,  at  2  P.  M. 

Pontiac  lias  been  honored  above  any  other  town  in  the  county,  by  the  number 
of  persons  selected  from  among  her  citizens  for  positions  of  honor,  trust  and  profit. 

William  T.  Russell,  who  was  the  first  Supervisor  of  the  township,   was  also 
the  first  Sheriff  after  the  "•  Act  far  Township  Organization  "  had  been  adopted. 
For  a  number  of  years,  after  his  term  of  office  had  expired,  he  was  a  resident  of 
the  city.     He  is  now  engaged  in  farming. 

S.  S.  Saul  was  from  Pennsylvania,  and  came  to  Pontiac  to  teach  school  in 
1854  or  '55.  He  was  elected  to  the  office  of  County  Clerk  in  1857,  and  held, 
the  position  until  1861. 

Through  the  instrumentality  of  Saul,  J.  F.  Culver  removed  to  this  place  in 
1859.  Previous  to  his  coming,  he  had  been  employed  by  the  County  Clerk  to 
assist  in  the  office.  After  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  office,  Mr.  Culver  wa& 
elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  which  office  he  resigned  in  1862,  to  enlist  in  the 
One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Regiment.  He  was  elected  Captain  of  Co.  A, 
and  served  through  the  var.  On  his  return,  he  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
County  Judge.  He  still  resides  in  Pontiac,  and  is  engaged  in  banking  and  real 
estate  business.  Mr.  Culver  has  probably  done  more  work,  physically,  relig- 
iously and  politically,  for  his  age,  than  any  other  man  in  the  county,  having 
held  almost  every  office  of  honor  and  trust  in  the  gift  of  the  people. 

John  W.  Smith  came  from  Ohio,  and  engaged  in  teaching  in  this  town  in 
1859.  In  1861,  he  was  elected  to  the  position  of  County  Superintendent  of 
Schools.  In  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office,  he  was  one  of  the  most 
active  and  faithful  servants  the  county  has  ever  had.  He  too,  resigned  his 
office  to  take  part  in  putting  doAvn  the  rebellion,  and  received  a  wound,  from, 
which  a  man  with  less  pluck  would  have  died.  He,  however,  lives,  and  is 
engaged  in  the  drug  and  book  trade  in  this  city. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVTNCtSTON  COUNTY.  325 

E.  R.  Maples  is  a  synonym  for  "  good  fellow."  He  was  one  of  the  most 
irenial,  warm-hearted  men  that  Pontiac  ever  knew.  He  held  the  office  of  Sheriff 
from  1860  to  1862.  He  died  about  a  year  ago:  his  residence  prior  to  his 
<',orainc!;  to  Pontiac  was  Chicago. 

Job  E.  Dye  was  an  early  resident  of  the  county,  and  made  a  good  Sheriff". 
Since  then  he  has  been  engaged  in  the  grain  business. 

Time  and  space  will  allow  cmly  the  mere  mention  of  others,  of  whom  we 
can  only  stop  to  say,  they  have  fdled  their  places  in  a  manner  that  has  given 
the  county  no  cause  to  regret  their  elevation  to  their  several  places  of  trust. 

J.  W.  Strevelle,  member  of  Legislature,  two  terms  ;  L.  E.  Payson  and 
Jonathan  Duff",  each  County  Judge,  one  term  ;  J.  E.  Morrow,  John  A.  Fellows 
and  William  H.  Jenkins,  each  Circuit  Clerk,  one  term  ;  C.  C.  Strawn  and 
William  T.  Ament,  each  State's  Attorney,  a  term  ;  0.  F.  Pearre  one,  and  H. 
H.  Hill,  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  two  terms  ;  James  H.  Gaff",  Sheriff", 
one  term  ;  M.  E.  Collins  one,  and  William  B.  Fyfe,  Treasurer,  two  terms. 

The  first  coal  Avas  raised  at  Pontiac  January  12,  1866  ;  the  first  lump  taken 
from  the  shaft  being  now  in  the  possession  of  Jacob  Streamer,  with  that  date 
attached.  The  shaft  was  sunk  on  contract  for  the  Directors  of  the  company,  by 
Isaac  Custer.  This  work,  with  the  buildings,  cost  the  company  $10,000.  The 
shaft  was  sunk  to  the  depth  of  253  feet,  but  a  vein  at  175  feet  is  the  only  one 
worked  to  advantage.  The  charter  members  of  the  company  were:  S.  C. 
Crane.  President ;  J.  Duff",  John  Dehuer  and  Thomas  Wing,  Directors.  The 
enterprise  has  not,  on  the  whole,  been  very  successful.  Over  |100,000  has 
been  spent,  and  owing  to  fires  and  other  misfortunes,  it  has  scarcely  in  its  his- 
tory been  on  a  paying  basis.  In  February  of  1871,  the  shaft  and  all  of  its- 
interests  were  sold  to  Messrs.  Franz,  Campbell  &  Bullock,  of  Woodford  County, 
for  $45,000.  It  is  now  under  control  of  W.  H.  Levers,  who  has  operated  it 
for  several  years  past.  Statistics  in  regard  to  its  present  workings  are  not 
obtainable,  and  are  necessarily  omitted. 

The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  at  first  called  the  Fairbury,  Pontiac 
k  Northwestern  Railroad,  was  built  through  this  part  of  the  county  in  1871. 
The  city  of  Pontiac  and  township  took  a  lively  interest  in  procuring  its  location 
through  this  part  of  the  county,  and  voted  the  company  a  donation  of  $50,000 
to  eff"ect  the  purpose.  While  some  may  doubt  whether  the  interests  of  the  city 
have  been  enhanced  by  the  location  of  a  second  railroad  at  this  point,  it  will 
hardly  be  disputed  that  the  farming  community  has  been  greatly  benefited. 
Much  has  been  saved  in  the  way  of  freights,  as  by  means  of  this  line,  competi- 
tion has  produced  lower  rates  than  otherwise  would  have  prevailed.  Small 
towns  have  sprung  up  along  the  line,  and,  while  they  have  taken  some  trade 
from  Pontiac,  they  have  proved  to  be  a  great  convenience  to  the  sections  in  the 
midst  of  which  they  have  been  located. 

As  an  indication  of  the  amount  of  business  done  in  this  city,  no  page 
could  be  written   that  would  give  the  reader  as  good   an  idea  as  the  follow- 


326  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ing  items,  furnished  by  the  agents  of  the   two  railroads   at  this  place,  for  the 
year  1877  : 

CHICAGO  &  ALTON  RAILROAD. 

Received  from  freights  forwarded |26, 233.30 

Received  from  freights  received 20,703.38 

Ticket,  sales 14,641.49 


$61,578.12 


CHICAGO  &  PADUC.4H  RAILROAD. 


Received  from  freights  received $11,250.00 

deceived  from  freights  iorwarded 6,100.00 

Ticket,  sales 4,250.00 

21,600.00 
Total  from  both  roads $83,178,12 

One  of  the  results  of  the  late  war  was  to  bring  to  the  North  a  class  of  people 
previously  but  little  seen  north  of  the  Ohio  River,  and,  in  Pontiac,  almost  a 
curiosity.  Soon  after  the  proclamation  by  the  President  which  struck  the 
bonds  from  several  millions  of  these  people,  they  made  haste  to  profit  by  that 
act.  The  North  had  been  almost  drained  of  its  laborers  who  had  gone  to 
accomplish  indirectly  this  very  result.  Peculiarly  so  was  this  the  situation  in 
this  vicinity  in  the  year  1864.  Harvest  was  coming  on.  It  was  great,  and 
"the  laborers  were  few."  A  few  of  the  leading  farmers  in  this  vicinity  sent  a 
committee  to  Cairo,  where  a  number  of  these  emancipated  people  had  gathered, 
and  induced  them  to  come  to  Pontiac.  Quite  a  large  number  of  families  came, 
and  were  quartered  for  a  year  or  two  on  the  farms  of  their  employers.  Grad- 
ually they  have  concentrated  in  the  city,  until,  with  the  additions  made  by  sub- 
sequent immigration,  nearly  three  hundred  have  found  homes  in  Pontiac. 
Though  their  educational  and  moral  progress  has  not  been  so  rapid  as  was 
hoped  by  their  friends,  yet,  taking  their  poverty  and  their  former  condition  into 
account,  it  must  be  admitted  that  their  condition  is  quite  satisfactory.  Many 
of  them  have  built  and  furnished  little  homes  for  themselves  ;  their  children 
attend  school ;   and,  as  for  piety,  they  certainly  excel. 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    RICHMOND. 

The  reader  will  not  be  troubled  to  wade  through  statistics,  as  to  this  item, 
as  the  only  thing  to  record  is  its  history,  and  that  of  an  ancient  nature.  Still, 
it  is  history,  and  not  fiction,  that  we  write ;  for,  though  the  reader  may  never 
have  heard  of  it,  the  town  of  Richmond  did  exist.  Not  only  so,  but  it  was  the 
rival  of  Pontiac,  and  but  for  a  very  small  circumstance  would  doubtless  have 
been  by  to-day  the  most  flourishing  city  in  the  county.  Richmond  was  located 
two  miles  east  of  Pontiac.  It  was  regularly  laid  out  and  platted,  by  Franklin 
Oliver,  County  Surveyor,  for  Henry  Jones  and  Henry  Loveless,  June  23,  1851. 
Rumors  of  a  railroad  through  this  section  were  afloat;  and  that  being  a  nice 
location  for  a  town,  and  that  point  in  the  river  being  a  good  one  for  a  railroad 
iTossing,  it  was  not  doubted  by  its  friends  that  this  would  be  the  favored  point. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  32T 

Stores  and  shops  and  a  school  house  soon  sprang  into  existence ;  lots  were  dis- 
posed of  for  good  prices  :  dwellings  were  built,  and  everything  indicated  a 
rising  town.  But  alas  for  human  hopes  and  desires  !  The  road  lacked  just 
two  miles  of  passing  through  the  historic  village,  and  its  bright  anticipations 
burst  like  a  bubble  and  vanished  almost  as  quickly.  Some  of  the  buildings 
were  moved  to  Pontiac,  some  did  service  afterward  as  stables  and  granaries,  and 
the  only  monument  that  now  exis<-s  of  the  once  sprightly  little  village  is  an 
open  space  just  south  of  Philip  Rollings'  house. 

INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 

The  magnificent  body  of  timber  called  Indian  Grove^  from  which  this  town 
takes  its  name,  and  which  extends  from  Belle  Prairie  into  Avoca  Township,  is 
one  of  the  earliest  settled  portions  of  Livingston  County.  Indeed,  the  very 
first  Settlement  made  in  the  county  was  at  the  head  of  tliis  grove,  as  noted  in 
the  history  of  Belle  Prairie  Township,  and,  a  few  months  later,  white  men  were 
found  in  that  portion  of  the  timber  lying  in  Avoca ;  while  not  until  the  Fall  of 
1831  was  there  a  settlement  made  in  what  is  now  Indian  Grove  Township. 

The  first  to  locate  in  this  immediate  vicinity  was  Joseph  Moore.  He  came 
from  Overton  County,  Tenn.,  and  arrived  here  in  the  Fall  of  1831,  as  already 
stated  above.  Ilis  journey  to  the  new  country  was  not  accomplished  with  all 
the  ease  and  pleasure  that  would  attend  a  similar  one  at  the  present  day.  When 
we  reflect  upon  the  improvements  made  in  the  mode  of  transit  in  the  last  forty 
or  fifty  years,  we  look  back  to  the  period  of  the  early  settlement  of  this  section 
of  the  country  with  a  kind  of  pity  for  what  the  pioneers  had  to  undergo  in 
making  it  what  it  now  is.  This  man  came  through  from  Tennessee  on  horse- 
back, or  rather  his  Avife  came  on  horseback  and  carried  their  only  child,  an 
infant,  in  her  lap,  while  he  trudged  along  on  foot.  He  staked  out  a  claim  in 
the  timber  bordering  Indian  Creek,  on  which  he  permanently  settled.  He 
lived  an  honored  and  respected  citizen  of  the  neighborhood,  and  died  in  Octo- 
ber, 1851. 

A.  B.  Philips,  commonly  known  as  Barney  Philips,  settled  here  the  next 
Spring.  He,  also,  was  from  Tennessee,  and  an  old  neighbor  of  Moore's  in  the 
"land  of  cotton"  before  removing  to  the  West.  Mr.  Philips  is  still  living,  a 
thrifty  farmer,  in  the  vicinity  of  where  he  settled  forty-seven  years  ago.  A 
son  of  his  is  mentioned  in  the  general  history  as  the  first  white  child  born  in 
Livingston  County.  Judge  McDowell  relates  the  first  meeting  with  his  father's 
family,  of  Philips,  which  is  referred  to  in  the  history  of  Avoca  Township,  as 
showing  the  quiet  manner  in  which  the  people  lived  in  those  early  days,  and  the 
interest  a  new  comer  in  the  neighborhood  excited.  Pliilips,  who  was  hunting 
some  hogs  that  had  strayed  away  from  his  place,  came  unexpectedly  on  the 
McDowell  Camp,  and  seemed  speechless  from  wonder  in  finding  white  people 
80  near,  while,  from  his  backwoods  dress,  the  McDowells  did  not,  at  first,  know 


328  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

whether  he  was  a  white  man  or  Indian  ;  but  soon  learned,  however,  and  a  pleas- 
ant acquaintance  was  formed,  which  proved  of  mutual  satisfaction. 

Rev.  John  Darnall,  a  brother  of  Martin  Darnall,  the  first  settler  of  Belle 
Prairie,  came  to  Indian  Grove  soon  after  Barney  Phillips,  and  in  the  same 
Spring.  The  first  preacher  in  the  new  settlement,  and  a  man  of  a  good  deal  of 
native  intelligence,  he  was  a  kind  of  leader  in  all  religious,  social  and  political 
affairs. 

Malachi  Spence  and  his  son,  James  Spence,  and  Richard  Moore  settled  here 
a  year  or  two  after  those  already  mentioned.  The  latter  was  from  Overton 
County,  Tenn.,  and  the  Spences  and  Darnalls  from  Kentucky.  Mrs.  Glenn 
Phillips,  a  widow  lady,  came  from  the  same  neighborhood  in  Tennessee,  and 
about  the  same  time  that  Richard  Moore  and  the  Spences  came  to  the  settle- 
ment. 

This  comprised  the  first  batch  of  settlers  in  what  is  now  Indian  Grove 
Township ;  and  some  of  them  are  still  living  on  their  original  homesteads,  while 
those  who  have  died  or  removed  to  other  States  have  left  honored  representa- 
tives behind  them.  Rev.  John  Darnall  sold  out  some  years  ago  and  removed 
to  Oregon.  Malachi  Spence  is  dead,  but  a  son  lives  at  the  old  home.  Mrs. 
Phillips  is  also  dead.  Richard  Moore  and  Barney  Phillips  are  still  living  in  the 
township. 

In  1834,  another  delegation  of  Tennesseeans  came  out  and  settled  in  Indian 
Grove,  viz.:  Francis  J.  Moore,  Jonathan,  a  brother;  Lewis  Moore,  a  cousin, 
and  David  Travis,  who  was  quite  an  old  man  at  the  time.  These  came 
together,  and  were  from  the  place  before  noted — Overton  County,  Tennessee. 
Several  other  families  came  with  them,  but  settled  in  what  is  now  Belle  Prairie 
Township,  where  their  history  is  given.  Francis  J.  Moore  first  settled  on  the 
west  side  of  the  grove,  but  in  a  year  or  two  "  swapped  "  claims  with  a  neigh- 
bor, and  moved  over  on  the  east  side,  about  five  miles  from  the  present  village 
of  Fairbury.  He  is  still  living,  an  active  man  for  his  time  of  life  and  the  rough 
scenes  through  which  he  passed  in  the  early  days  of  the  country.  David  Travis, 
not  liking  the  outlook  of  frontier  life,  after  a  year  or  two,  returned  to  Tennessee, 
where  the  remainder  of  his  life  was  spent.  Lewis  Moore  followed  him  in  a  few 
years;  Jonathan  Moore  died  in  184L 

This  section  of  the  country,  at  the  period  of  which  we  write,  was  embraced 
in  McLean  County,  and  the  land  was  not  yet  in  market  when  these  settlements 
were  made.  Mr.  Moore  says  it  was  the  custom  to  blaze  out  a  claim  and  squat 
wherever  one  was  suited,  provided  no  one  else  had  a  previous  claim  ;  then  it 
was  not  always  pleasant  or  healthy  to  intrude.  For  many  years,  all  new  comers 
settled  in  and  around  the  timber,  without  the  remotest  idea  that  the  prairies 
would  ever  amount  to  a  "  pinch  of  snufi"'  for  anything  but  pasturage.  And 
to  talk  with  the  old  settlers  now,  who  came  to  the  country  forty  or  fifty  years 
ago,  nothing  in  the  way  of  its  development  seems  to  surprise  them  so  much  as 
the  settling  up   of  the  prairie  land ;  that  where,  at  the  period  of  their  first 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  331 

acquaintance  with  the  country,  grew  the  rank  grass  and  weeds,  and  wild  flowers, 
sliould  now  be  the  most  productive  and  flourishing  farms,  is  a  point  that  puzzles 
them  to  the  present  day. 

A  few  years  later,  probably  about  1835-6,  a  man  named  Donohoo,  and  two 
sons,  Wilson  Y.  and  Jefferson  Donohoo,  settled  in  this  neighborhood.  The 
old  gentleman  and  Wilson  Y.  are  dead,  but  Jefferson  is  still  living  on  the  old 
homestead.  Rev.  Robert  Smith,  a  Cumberland  Presbyterian  preacher,  settled 
in  the  township  about  the  same  time.  He  was  originally  from  Kentucky,  but 
came  from  Sangamon  County  to  this  place.  This  includes  all  the  settlers  in 
Indian  Grove  Township,  until  the  virtues  of  the  prairies  were  discovered  and 
the  people  began  to  settle  away  out  from  the  timber,  on  the  great  plains. 

When  the  first  white  people  settled  here,  they  had  to  go  some  distance  to 
mill — to  Green's  mill,  on  Fox  River,  near  Ottawa,  and  on  Crow  Creek,  below 
Peoria.  To  the  latter  mill  Mr.  Moore  informed  us  that  he  made  his  first  mill 
trip,  and  was  gone  a  week.  The  distance  was  sixty  miles,  and  was  the  best 
•chance  for  grinding  in  their  reach,  until  a  mill  was  built  on  the  Kankakee 
River,  at  Wilmington,  which  was  about  as  far  away  as  the  one  on  Crow  Creek.  It 
was  sometimes  about  as  hard  for  the  new  comer  to  find  grain  as  to  get  it  ground 
after  he  had  got  it,  for  no  one  had  been  in  the  country  long  enough  to  have  an 
over-supply.  There  was  no  mill  in  this  township  until  the  erection  of  one  in 
the  village  of  Fairbury,  except  a  little  horse-mill  built  by  one  Smith,  about  the 
year  1840. 

For  many  years,  Bloomington  was  the  post  office,  and,  at  the  time  of  the 
first  settlements  in  this  section,  contained  but  one  little  store,  which  was  kept 
in  a  small  log  house,  and  in  it  also  was  kept  the  post  office.  The  postage  on 
letters  was  twenty -five  cents,  a  sum  not  always  at  the  command  of  the  fortunate 
one  to  get  a  letter;  and  as  a  consequence,  their  mail  would  sometimes  have  to 
lie  in  the  office  a  considerable  length  of  time  before  the  much-wished-for 
twenty-five  cents  could  be  procured. 

The  first  road  through  Indian  Grove  Township  was  the  State  Road  leading 
from  the  east  line  of  the  State  to  Peoria,  but  has  been  obsolete  for  many  years. 
In  those  early  times,  the  settlers  hauled  wheat  to  Chicago,  and  congratulated 
themselves  highly  if  they  were  so  fortunate  as  to  get  fifty  cents  a  bushel  for  it. 
Chicago  proper  was  not.  The  city  had  not  yet  risen  from  the  bogs  and  marshes 
of  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  great  grain  market  there  was  not  what  it  is  to-day. 
Several  farmers  would  join  in  a  company,  and,  with  their  wagons  loaded  with 
wheat,  drive  through  to  Chicago,  camping  out  at  night,  as  their  load  of  wheat 
would  hardly  have  justified  the  paying  of  a  tavern  bill.  Times,  since  then, 
have  changed. 

The  first  birth  in  this  township  was  that  of  John  R.  Phillips,  a  son  of  Bar- 
ney Phillips,  and  occurred  May  9,  1832.  He  is  mentioned  in  another  page  as 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Livingston  County,  and  received  a  touching  tribute 
from  the  fact  of  having  died  in  the  army  during  the  late  war.     The  first  wed- 


332  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ding  solemnized  was  that  of  John  Darnall  and  Keziah  Spence.  They  were 
married  by  'Squire  John  Thompson,  of  Mackinaw,  in  the  early  part  of  1832. 
Esther  Spence  died  in  1832,  and  was  buried  in  the  little  graveyard  situated  on 
the  line  between  Indian  Grove  and  Belle  Prairie  Township,  near  where  Martin 
Darnell  originally  settled.  This  was  the  first  death  in  the  Indian  Grove  settle- 
ment, and  perhaps  the  first  in  the  county.  Her  coffin  was  made  of  walnut  slabs 
split  out  of  the  tree,  hewed  down  and  then  dressed  smooth.  The  first  Justice  of 
the  Peace  was  Rev.  John  Darnall,  who,  in  addition  to  being  a  preacher,  was  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Postmaster,  and  a  man  of  considerable  importance  in  the 
neighborhood.  He  was  the  first  Postmaster,  and  was  commissioned  some  years 
after  the  post  office  had  been  established  in  Avoca  Township.  His  appointment 
came  about  in  this  wise :  As  the  country  settled  up,  the  people  of  the  neigh- 
borhood concluded  they  must  have  a  post  office,  and  accordingly  petitioned  for 
one.  The  name  of  Robert  Smith  was  mentioned  in  the  petition  for  Postmaster, 
but  as  he  was  the  only  Whig  in  the  settlement,  and  Long  John  Wentworth,  of 
Chicago,  then  a  strong  Democrat,*  and  Representative  of  this  District  in  Con- 
gress (and  this,  it  is  said,  was  about  the  center  of  his  district),  thought  it 
would  not  do  to  have  a  Whig  Postmaster,  and  so,  without  leave  or  license,  had 
John  Darnall  appointed  instead  of  Smith. 

It  is  not  positively  known  who  the  first  doctor  was  to  practice  medicine  in 
this  township.  Some  are  of  opinion  that  Dr.  John  Davis,  mentioned  elsewhere 
as  the  first  physician  in  the  county,  used  to  extend  his  professional  visits  to  this 
section,  while  others  think  that  Dr.  Ostrander,  an  old  physician  of  Avoca,  who, 
in  the  early  times,  practiced  all  over  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  was  the 
first  regular  physician.  It  is  altogether  probable  that  the  latter  supposition  is 
correct,  for  at  that  period  there  were  very  few  families  living  in  Indian  Grove 
timber  but  had  had  occasion  for  Dr.  Ostrander's  services.  It  is  told  of  him  that 
a  patron  objected,  one  day,  to  the  amount  of  his  bill,  when  the  Doctor  informed 
him,  very  confidentially,  that  if  he  knew  the  cost  of  the  medicine  he  had  used 
in  his  case,  he  would  not  be  surprised  at  his  bill  being  so  large.  Upon  his 
patron's  expressing  some  curiosity,  the  Doctor  told  him  that  the  medicine  he 
had  used  cost  $2,700  an  ounce  ;  that  it  required  the  services  of  ten  men  four 
months  to  gather  one  ounce,  and  that  nine  out  of  the  ten  lost  their  lives  while 
at  it. 

The  sound  of  the  Gospel  Avas  heard  in  Indian  Grove  Township  almost  as 
soon  as  the  pioneer's  axe.  Rev.  John  Darnall  was  a  Baptist  preacher,  and  the 
first  to  proclaim  the  word  of  God  in  the  new  settlement.  Rev.  Robert  Smith,  a 
Cumberland  Presbyterian,  was  the  next  preacher.  He  made  an  effort,  soon 
after  he  came  to  the  settlement,  to  establish  a  Sabbath  school,  but  was  opposed 
by  Rev.  Darnall,  who  took  ground  against  it,  denouncing  the  measure  as  a  kind 
of  speculation,  and  drew  a  ludicrous  illustration  from  the  story  of  the  Good 
Samaritan  ;  though  just  where  the  analogy  came  in,  no  one  was  able  to  discern. 

*Some  of  his  old  Democratic  friends  here  have  lost  faith  in  him  since  he  has  turned  Republican,  and  don't  swear 
by  him  as  they  did  twenty-five  or  thii-ty  years  ago. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  833 

Mr.  Darnall  seems  to  have  been  quite  a  remarkable  man,  and  possessed  a  vei^ 
independent  way  of  his  own.  It  is  related  of  him  that  he  was  preaching  one 
day  to  a  large  congregation,  and  had  occasion  to  quote  a  passage  from  St.  Paul, 
after  which  he  emphatically  remarked  :  "  But  I  do  not  agree  with  Mr.  St.  Paul." 
And  upon  another  occasion,  he  made  a  lengthy  quotation  from  the  man  of  Tar- 
sus, when,  in  a  spirit  of  the  most  unbounded  liberality,  he  observed :  "  And  I 
partially  agree  with  St.  Paul."  The  only  churches  in  the  township,  outside  of 
Fairbury,  are  the  Union  Church,  in  the  southern  part,  and  the  Ormish  Church, 
in  the  southeastern  corner.  Of  the  latter,  we  have  been  unable  to  obtain  any 
definite  information.  The  Union  Church  was  built  in  1857,  and  is  occupied 
principally  by  Baptists  and  Christians,  who  have  their  regular  days,  and  both 
have  established  societies.  As  long  as  he  lived  in  the  country.  Rev.  John  Dar- 
nall was  the  leading  light  of  the  Baptists,  Avhile  the  Rev.  David  Sharpless  was 
long  a  leader  among  the  Christians.  Rev.  John  Miller  organized  the  first 
society  of  Christians  about  the  year  1858,  and  soon  after  the  completion  of  the 
church.  Rev.  Dr.  Green  preaches  for  the  Christians  at  present,  and  Rev.  Mr. 
Thompson,  of  Ottawa,  for  the  Baptists. 

The  first  school  in  Indian  Grove  Township  was  taught  by  Chancy  Standish, 
in  1835.  He  was  from  New  York,  and  came  to  the  settlement  in  the  year 
above  noted,  when  the  people  at  once  set  to  work  to  build  a  little  log  cabin  for 
school  purposes,  and  which  was  the  first  school  house  in  the  township.  In  this 
building  Standish  taught  the  first  school,  which  was  a  general  subscription 
school,  and  it  was  some  time  before  there  was  any  public  money  for  educational 
purposes. 

From  the  school  records  in  possession  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Bartlett,  Township 
Treasurer,  which  extend  back  only  to  the  year  1857,  we  find  that  on  the  1st 
day  of  April  of  that  year,  "  A  meeting  of  the  Trustees — James  Spence, 
Chancy  Standish  and  James  Moore,  of  Township  26  north.  Range  6  east  of  the 
Third  Principal  Meridian,  was  held  at  the  house  of  John  Darnall,  the  School 
Treasurer,"  The  meeting  was  taken  up  mostly  in  examining  books,  papers, 
schedules,  etc.  The  school  fund  at  that  time  consisted  of  $721.20,  in  notes; 
fund  for  town  and  interest,  $67.70;  fund  on  hand  in  notes,  $170.00.  There 
were  five  school  districts  in  the  township,  and  several  schedules  of  teach- 
ers were  examined  and  the  Treasurer  ordered  to  pay  the  amount  demanded  in 
them  for  teaching. 

The  early  records  are  rather  poorly  kept,  and  to  get  information  from  them 
is  quite  a  difficult  task. 

A  good  story,  not  out  of  place  in  this  connection,  is  related  of  a  young  man 
in  the  township,  who,  wishing  a  school  in  some  particular  district,  went  over  to 
Lexington,  where  the  dignitary  lived  who  had  the  position  at  his  disposal,  for 
the  purpose  of  procuring  the  required  authority.  Not  being  as  well  up  in  his 
examination  as  the  law  required,  the  certificate  was  at  first  refused,  but  after 
much  importunity  from. the  young  man  it  was  at  length  written,   "signed, sealed 


334  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

and  delivered  "  to  him  under  cover.  Armed  with  this  document,  he  returned 
to  Indian  Grove  and  presented  it  to  the  School  Director  or  Trustee,  who,  on 
breaking  the  seal  and  taking  out  the  certificate  found  it  to  read  :     ''This  is  to 

certify  that  Mr. is  qualified  to  teach  a  common  school  in  Indian 

Grove  Township  and  no  where  else,  and  a common  one  at  that." 

At  the  meeting  of  Trustees  on  the  3d  day  of  April,  1865,  Dr.  C  C.  Bart- 
lett  was  appointed  Treasurer,  an  office  he  has  ever  since  held. 

The  following  is  the  present  Board  of  Trustees :     J.  F.  Fraley.  S.  S.  Rog- 
ers and  Wm.  B.  Cain. 

From  Treasurer  Bartlett's  last  annual  report  we  extract  the  following  sta- 
tistical facts : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  1^1  years 82;. 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21  years 8-5] 

Total 1*^76 

Number  of  males  in  township  between  6  and  21  years o32 

Number  of  females  in  township  between  0  and  21  years t)55 

Total ^18"' 

Number  of  males  attending  school 458 

Number  of  females  attending  school 482 


Total. 


93 


;> 


Number  of  male  teachers  employed ~ 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 13 

Total 20 

Amount  paid  male  teachers $2,142  08 

Amount  paid  female  teachers 3,307  44 

Total IM49  52 

Estimated  value  of  school  property $12,000  00 

Principal  of  school  fund  of  township $7,198  39 

The  township  has  nine  school  districts  and  ten  good,  comfortable  school 
houses,  all  of  which  are  frame  buildings.  None  but  first-class  teachers  are 
employed,  and  the  schools  of  the  entire  town  are  in  a  most  flourishing  state. 

Indian  Grove,  as  an  election  precinct,  embraced  that  portion  of  the  county 
lying  east  of  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Vermilion  River  ;  or,  more  properly  speak- 
ing, east  of  the  old  village  of  Avoca,  in  Avoca  Township.  In  the  days  of 
Whigs  and  Democrats,  it  was  largely  Democratic,  and  very  ultra  in  its  polit- 
ical opinions. 

The  first  newspaper  ever  taken  in  what  is  now  Indian  Grove  Township  was 
the  Chicago  Journal,  then  a  Whig  paper.  It  had  been  subscribed  for  by  John 
and  Jesse  Moore,  who  had  done  so  without  inquiring  into  the  color  of  its  politi- 
cal faith.  When  it  came,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Darnall  found  out  that  it  was  a 
Whig  paper,  he  set  his  veto  on  it  and  would  not  let  it  be  read  in  the  neighbor- 
hood. It  was  when  Avoca  was  the  only  post  office  in  all  the  country  round, 
and  so  great  was  the  faith  of  the   Moores  in   Mr.  Darnall's  opinions,  that  they 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  335 

refused  to  take  the  papers  out  of  the  office,and  there  they  accumulated  until  the 
subscription  expired. 

Political  principles  have  undergone  a  great  change  since  those  early  times. 
At  least  two-thirds  of  the  vote  is  now  Republican,  and  large  Republican  major- 
ities are  rolled  up  on  all  occasions  where  party  lines  are  drawn.  There  are, 
liowever,  a  few  old  true-blue  Democrats  who  still  stand  by  their  old  party  and 
principles,  and  think  that  Long  John  Wentworth  has  backslidden  beyond 
hope,  since  he  has  turned  over  to  the  Republican  Party. 

The  war  record  of  the  township  is  given  in  the  history  of  the  village  of  Fairbury. 

Indian  Grove  takes  its  name  from  the  Indian  settlement  or  camp  once  in  the 
fine  forest  along  Indian  Creek,  which  receives  its  name  from  the  same  cause.  Pre- 
vious to  the  Indians  locating  at  Kickapoo  Town,  they  had  their  wigwams  or 
lodges  in  the  timber,  now  in  Indian  Grove  Township,  They  had  left  the  place 
before  the  settlement  of  the  county  by  the  whites,  or  at  least  before  there  were 
settlements  made  in  this  immediate  neighborhood. 

A  large  number  of  Indians  were  living  at  the  Kickapoo  town,  not  far 
distant ;  but  we  have  no  account  of  their  ever  molesting  their  pale-face  neigh- 
bors, though  Black  Hawk  made  every  effort  to  stir  them  up  to  mischief,  and 
some  of  the  settlers,  in  another  part  of  the  grove,  took  fright  during  the  excite- 
ments of  the  Black  Hawk  war,  and  fled  to  the  frontier  settlements ;  but  those 
who  remained  were  left  undisturbed.  Soon  after  the  close  of  this  war,  the  Indi- 
ans were  removed  to  reservations  and  hunting-grounds  beyond  the  '"  Great 
Father  of  Waters,"  and  our  settlements  here  were  no  more  disturbed  by  their 
war-whoop. 

This  township  has  the  benefit  of  two  lines  of  railway,  the  Toledo,  Peoria  & 
Warsaw  and  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Roads.  The  former  is  more  fully  noticed 
in  the  history  of  Fairbury.  The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  was  completed 
through  this  town  in  1872,  since  which  time  it  has  been  in  active  operation. 
The  people  of  this  section  seem  to  have  awakened  to  the  necessity  of  extended 
railroad  facilities  since  the  building  of  the  T.,  P.  &  W.,  as  it,  we  were  informed, 
encountered  much  opposition  from  the  very  inception  of  the  enterprise,  until  its 
success  and  energy  won  for  it  a  degree  of  independence ;  while  the  Chicago  & 
Paducah  received  a  hearty  and  substantial  support,  and  a  stock  subscription 
from  the  township  of  $50,000. 

The  benefit  of  these  roads  to  this  section  of  the  county  is  almost  incalcula- 
ble, and  the  amount  of  grain  and  stock  shipped  over  them  annually  is  immense. 

When  the  county  adopted  township  organization,  in  1857,  in  the  process  of 
naming,  this  town  was  called  Worth  ;  but  discovering  that  there  wag  a  Worth 
Township  in  the  adjoining  county  of  Woodford,  it  was  found  necessary  to  look 
up  a  new  name  for  this.  Francis  J.  Moore,  a  prominent  citizen  and  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  township,  suggested  Indian  Grove,  which  was  adopted. 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors,  we  fii)d  the  township  rep- 
resented by  John  Crumpton,  as  Supervisor. 


33d  history  of  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  present  township  officers  are  as  follows:  H.  Kingman,  Supervisor;  0. 
J.  Dimmick,  R.  B.  Hanna  and  0.  P.  Ross,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  T.  T.  Bab- 
eock,  Assessor ;  N.  Shepherd,  Collector ;  N.  A.  Souars,  Town  Clerk. 

Indian  Grove  Township  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  McLean  County;  on 
the  north  by  Avoca  Township  ;  on  the  east  by  Forrest,  and  on  the  south  by 
Belle  Prairie.  It  is  about  one-fourth  timber  to  three-fourths  prairie,  and  is 
drained  by  Indian  Creek,  which  flows  through  it  from  the  southwest  to  north- 
east, and  empties  into  the  Little  Vermilion  River,  just  beyond  its  borders.  Corn 
is  the  main  crop,  and  the  immense  quantities  grown  in  the  township  would  prob- 
ably equal  the  entire  crops  of  the  Nile-washed  lands  of  Egypt. 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    FAIRBURY. 

Fairbury  was  laid  out  in  1857,  by  Caleb  L.  Patton  and  Octave  Chenute.  The 
former  owned  the  land  on  which  the  village  stands,  and  in  return  for  the  influence 
exercised  by  Chenute — who  was  one  of  the  Civil  Engineers  of  the  Peoria  & 
Oquawka*  Railroad  Company — with  the  stockholders  of  the  road,  in  getting  a 
station  at  this  point,  he  received  from  Patton  one-half  of  the  town  lots.  He  it 
was  that  planned  the  town  and  named  it,  and  superintended  the  laying  of  it  ofi". 
Isaac  R.  Clark,  County  Surveyor  at  the  time,  surveyed  it,  and  made  the  plat  on 
file  in  the  Recorder's  office,  and  from  which  we  find  that  the  village  of  Fair- 
bury  originally  embraced  only  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  3,  and  a  part  of 
the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  10,  in  Township  26  north,  Range  6  east,  and 
is  dated  November  10,  1857.  Since  it  was  first  surveyed  and  laid  out,  several 
additions  have  been  made  to  it,  as  follows  :  By  Patton,  Cropsey  and  Chenute, 
August  9,  1859 ;  by  H.  L.  Marsli,  August  9,  1859,  July  27  and  December 
17,  1868  ;  by  C.  L.  Patton,  February  4,  1864,  and  July  9,  1869  ;  by  — 
Atkeins,  May  8,  9  and  10,  1865,  January  25,  1865,  and  April  30,  1868 ;  by 
Isaac  P.  McDowell,  July  12,  1865,  and  May  14,  1867,  and  by  G.  W.  Suber, 
May  14,  1870.  A  space  of  200x870  feet  was  reserved  by  the  railroad  in  the 
center  of  the  original  village  for  depot  buildings. 

The  first  house  in  the  village  of  Fairbury  was  built  by  John  Coomer,  who 
came  here  from  Vermont,  the  old  Green  Mountain  State,  in  1857.  The  house 
stands  on  the  corner,  just  across  the  street  from  the  Fairbury  Hotel,  and  is  a 
good,  comfortable  residence  at  the  present  day.  Coomer  finished  his  house 
and  moved  into  it  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  ;  says  he  came  very  near  not  getting 
into  it  in  1857  any  way.  The  first  store  house  was  built  by  A.  L.  Pogue,  David 
Thomas  and  R.  B.  Amsbury,  Avho  opened  a  store  in  it  in  the  early  part  of  1858, 
and  for  a  number  of  years  did  an  extensive  business.  At  length  Thomas  sold 
out,  and  went  to  Missouri,  but  the  remaining  partners  continued  in  the  business 
some  time  longer,  when  they  finally  dissolved,  Amsbury  going  to  the  gold  regions. 
William  Mitchell  built  a  store  about  the  same  time  of  the  one  just  mentioned,  in 
which  he  opened  a  small  stock  of  goods  and  groceries.      The  first  brick  store 


'The  former  title  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  337 

liouse  was  built  by  Franklin  Elliott  in  1864,  and  occupied  as  a  store  by  his 
brother  as  soon  as  completed.  The  store  house  alluded  to,  as  put  up  by  Wm. 
Mitchell,  is  at  present  a  part  of  the  Fairbury  House,  and  with  many  additions 
and  changes,  internally  and  externally,  since  the  first  part  of  the  building  was 
put  up  in  1857,  it  has  become,  as  stated,  the  Fairbury  House.  With  all  the 
improvements  and  additions  made  to  it,  together  with  the  original  outlay,  it  has 
•cost  about  $6,000,  and  is  now  kept  by  S.  S.  Rogers,  who  owns  the  building,  and 
has  made  a  first-class  hotel  of  it.  The  first  tavern  in  the  village  was, built  by 
Geo.  W.  Morris  in  1 858,  and  kept  by  him  for  some  time,  when  it  changed  hands 
and  S.  S.  Rogers  became  the  proprietor.  It  was  finally  moved  away  from  its 
original  location,  and  became  the  Central  House,  a  name  it  still  bears.  The 
first  post  office  was  established  in  the  early  part  of  1858,  and  H.  H.  McKee 
was  the  first  Postmaster.  The  mail  was  then  carried  on  horseback  from  Pontiac 
to  Lexington,  and  a  round  trip  made  each  week.  After  many  changes  in  the 
administration  of  its  affairs,  the  office  has  passed  into  the  hands  of  John  Virgin, 
who  is  the  present  Postmaster.  The  first  blacksmith  shop  in  Fairbury  was  kept 
by  0.  S.  Mason  and  Michael  Gately,  two  young  men,  who  commenced  the 
lousiness  about  1858,  when  the  village  was  rushing  ahead  at  a  breakneck  speed. 

In  1859,  a  large  flouring-mill  was  built  in  the  village,  where  Coomer's  lum- 
her  office  now  stands.  It  was  built  or  commenced  by  parties  for  whom  Judge 
McDowell  endorsed,  and  upon  their  failure,  he  became  the  owner  of  the  property, 
and  completed  the  building.  It  was  a  frame  edifice  three  stories  high,  thirty  by 
fifty  feet  in  size,  with  three  run  of  buhrs,  and  cost  upward  of  f8,000.  The 
building  was  burned  in  1872,  and  has  never  been  rebuilt.  Ben  Walton  built 
his  first  mill  in  Fairbury  in  1866,  at  a  cost  of  |25,000.  It  was  a  frame  build- 
ing thirty  by  sixty  feet,  with  three  run  of  buhrs,  and  was  burned  in  August, 
1868.  He  at  once  commenced  to  rebuild,  and  the  result  was  his  present  mag- 
nificent mill,  which  is  forty-eight  by  sixty  feet  in  size,  four  and  a  half  stories 
high,  and  cost  $35,000.  It  has  six  run  of  buhrs,  and  a  capacity  for  making 
175  barrels  of  fiour  per  day.  In  connection  with  his  mill  is  a  grain  elevator, 
with  storage  for  20,000  bushels,  and  cribbing  room  for  75,000  bushels.  He 
landles  annually  over  300,000  bushels  of  grain,  the  most  of  which  is  sold  on 
the  track  to  buyers  who  ship  principally  to  the  East.  When  his  mill  was 
burned,  in  1868,  in  twelve  days  after  the  fire  he  was  buying  grain  in  a  tempo- 
rary building,  and  by  the  next  February,*  liad  bought  and  handled  nearly 
300,000  bushels. 

Fairbury  is  a  fine  grain  center,  and  it  is  generally  conceded  that  it  is  one  of 
the  best  grain  markets  in  the  county.  There  are  at  present  two  large  steam 
elevators,. besides  the  one  mentioned  with  Walton's  Mill,  and  several  very  fine 
ones  have  been  burned  in  the  numerous  conflagrations  that  have  at  difterent 
times  visited  the  ill-fated  village.  The  best  one  ever  built  was  by  Hogue  & 
Bartlett.  and  the  first  one  was  built  in  the  Fall  and  Winter  of  1858,  by  Fitch 

•His  mill  was  burned  on  the  12th  of  August. 


338  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 

&  Van  Eman,  who  were  the  first  men  to  buy  grain  in  Fairbury.  They  bought 
and  piled  it  up  in  sacks  by  the  railroad,  until  shipped.  This  one,  as  well  as 
that  built  by  Hogue  &  Bartlett,  were  burned.  One  of  the  steam  elevators  above 
mentioned,  and  tnown  as  the  Union  Elevator,  was  built  by  H.  M.  Gillette,  and 
the  other  by  Amsbury  &  Jones,  all  of  whom  have  formerly  been  extensive  grain 

dealers. 

As  already  stated,  several  additions   were  made  to  the  village  of  Fairbury 
after  the  laying  out  of  the  original  place.     One    of  the  largest  of  these  Avas 
made  by  H.  L.  Marsh,  who,  it  seems,  has  always  been  one  of  the  wide-awake 
citizens  of  the  town.     He  built  a  large  and  elegant  hotel  and  depot  in  the  west 
end  of  the  village,  which,  at  the  time  of  its  building  (1866)  cost  $17,000.    But 
this,  too,  "  went  up  "  in  one  of  the  destructive  fires  before  alluded  to.    Although 
Fairbury  was  laid  out  about  the   time  the  railroad  was  completed   through  this 
section,  and  it  grew  rapidly,  as   new  railroad   villages  generally  do,  yet  it  was- 
not  until  1864  that  it  was   organized  under   village  laws  and  charter.     At  an 
election  held  on  the  8th  day  of  August,  1864,  after  due  notice  had  been  given, 
we  find,  upon  examination  of  the  records,  that  John  Coomer  was  chosen  Presi- 
dent, and  C.  C.  Bartlett,  Clerk.  At  this  election,  there  were  "  eighty  votes  given 
in  favor  of  incorporation  and  twenty-six  votes  against  incorporation."     Where- 
upon it  was  declared  that  the  town  of  Fairbury  was  incorporated   under  act  of 
the  Legislature,  by  more  than  a  two-thirds  vote."     The  first  Board  of  Trustees 
elected  were  H.   L.  Marsh,  E.  T.  Joy,  I.  P.  McDowell,  J.  H.  Van  Eman  and 
Delos  Wright.     The  Board  organized  by  electing  H.  L.  Marsh,  President,  and 
W.  G.  McDowell,    Clerk.     John  Coomer  was  elected  Police  Magistrate,  but 
refused  to  qualify,  and  R.  W.    McKee  was  elected  in  his  place.     The  village 
Board  at  present  is  J.  F.  Fraley,  H.  Kingman,  L.  B.  Dominy,   George  Kin- 
near  and  Jesse  Hanna.     J.  F.  Fraley  is  President  of  the  Board,   and  L.   B. 
Dominy,  Clerk.      H.  Kingman  is   Treasurer,  Nathan  Shepherd,  Police   Magis- 
trate, and  John  Allum,  Town  Marshal. 

The  first  school  taught  in  the  village  of  Fairbury  was  by  Alonzo  Straight, 
in  a  little  frame  building  on  the'south  side  of  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  Railroad,  but  had 
originally  been  devoted  to  some  other  use.  The  first  house  built  for  school 
purposes  was  in  1860,  and  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  railroad,  and  is 
still  in  use  as  a  school  house.  It  is  a  frame  building,  two  stories  high,  and  cost 
$2,500.  The  first  teacher  to  occupy  the  new  building  was  Smith  Olney,  who 
taught  in  it  as  soon  as  completed.  The  "  South  Side  School  House,"  as  it  is 
called,  was  built  in  1868.  It  is  also  a  frame  building,  two  stories,  and  cost 
$3,500.  Fairbury  is  somewhat  behind  other  towns  and  villages  of  its  preten- 
tions, in  the  quality  of  its  school  buildings,  which  have  quite  a  dingy,  weather- 
beaten  appearance.  Though  uncomely  in  exterior,  they  are  substantial  in  struc- 
ture and  comfortable  inside,  and  the  village,  it  is  said,  supports  most  excellent 
schools.  The  Principal  and  corps  of  Teachers  for  the  school  year  just  closed, 
are  as  follows  :   Prof.  C.  H.  Rew.  Principal  of  High  School  Department ;   Miss 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  SSO- 

M.  M.  Daly,  Assistant  in  High  School  Department ;  Miss  Ella  B.  Erwin^ 
Teacher  of  Second  Grammar  Department ;  Philip  Hutchinson,  Teacher  of  First 
Grammar  Department ;  Miss  Delia  Chesebrough,  Teacher  of  Second  Interme- 
diate ;  Miss  Cynthia  E.  Earnhart,  Teacher  of  First  Intermediate  ;  Miss  Laura 
Colvin,  Teacher  of  Second  Primary  ;  Miss  Anna  E.  McDowell,  Teacher  of 
South  Primary ;  Mrs.  S.  M.  Hempstead,  Teacher  of  North  Primary  ;  Miss 
Mary  Kilbury,  Teacher  of  West  Primary  and  Intermediate  School.  For  thc^ 
coming  year,  some  few  changes  are  made,  but  most  of  the  old  teachers  remain. 
The  following  is  the  roster  :  Prof.  C.  H,  Rew,  Superintendent  and  Principal 
of  High  School  Department ;  Miss  Delia  Chesebrough,  Assistant  in  High 
School  Department ;  T.  W.  Gore,  Teacher  in  First  Grammar  Department ; 
Miss  Ella  B.  Erwin,  Teacher  in  Second  Grammar  Department :  Miss  Cynthia 
E.  Earnhart,  Teacher  in  First  Intermediate ;  Miss  Mary  Kilbury,  Teacher  in 
Second  Intermediate  ;  Mrs.  S.  M.  Hempstead,  Teacher  in  First  Primary,  North 
Side ;  Miss  Anna  E.  McDowell,  Teacher  in  First  Primary,  South  Side ;  Miss 
Flora  Potter,  Teacher  in  Second  Primary,  South  Side ;  Miss  Ellen  Vanover, 
Teacher  in  Second  Primary,  North  Side.  The  attendance  during  the  school 
year  averages  about  500  pupils  for  the  tAvo  schools.  Both  of  these  schools  are 
under  the  supervision  of  one  Principal,  Mr.  Rew.  They  are  graded,  and  have 
what  is  termed  a  High  School  Department,  though  not  High  Schools  in  the 
strict  acceptation  of  the  term. 

The  first  church  societies  organized  in  Fairbury  were  the  Methodist  and 
Presbyterian.  The  Methodist  Church  was  organized  in  July,  1858,  under  the 
ministerial  labors  of  Rev.  J.  W.  Stubbles,  with  the  following  members  ;  Francis 

J.  Moore,  Garrison  Bowen,  Rachel  Bowen,  Busey,  Nancy  Busey,  Dr.  L. 

Beech,  Edith  Beech,  John  Kring,  Rachel  Kring,  Catherine  Kring  and  John 
Potter.  But  few  of  these  are  members  still,  viz. :  Francis  J.  Moore,  Dr.  L. 
Beech,  John  Kring,  Catherine  Kring,  Rachel  Kring  and  John  Potter,  The 
others  are  either  dead  or  have  moved  away.  The  first  church  building  was 
erected  in  the  Fall  of  1858,  and  was  a  frame,  32x55  feet,  dedicated,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  year,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Flowers,  Presiding  Elder.  It  was  enlarged  in 
1866,  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  J.  E.  Rutledge.  In  the  Spring  of  1874, 
Dr.  L.  Beech,  a  zealous  member  of  the  church  and  a  man  of  broad  and  liberal 
benevolence,  headed  a  subscription  for  a  new  church  edifice,  to  cost  from  ten  ta 
twelve  thousand  dollars.  Dr.  Beech  subscribed  $2,000  ;  others  put  down  .their 
names  for  liberal  amounts,  and  thus  several  thousand  dollars  were  raised. 
Nothing  was  done,  however,  until  the  Summer  of  1876,  when  the  Trustees  deter- 
mined to  put  up  a  substantial  brick,  45x75  feet,  one  full  story  and  a  basement. 
The  basement  was  finished  in  the  Fall  of  1876,  and  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  R. 
G.  Pierce,  R.  B.  Williams,  Pastor.  It  was  intended,  in  the  following  Fall,  to 
have  the  audience  room  on  the  second  floor  completed,  but,  on  the  2d  day  ot 
July,  1877,  a  fearful  tornado  passed  over  the  village,  and  the  church  was  laid 
in  ruins.     In  the  Fall  of  1877,  Rev.  J.  Wilkinson  was  appointed  Pastor,  and 


S40  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  society,  though  somewhat  discouraged,  had  determined  to  rebuild.  Largely 
through  the  generosity  of  Ben  Walton,  an  elegant  brick  church  was  erected  on 
the  foundation  of  the  old  one,  and  was  dedicated  January  20,  187b,  by  Rev.  W. 
H.  H.  Adams,  D.  D.,  of  Bloomington.  The  present  membership  of  the  church  is 
280.  The  first  Methodist  Sunday  school  was  organized  in  the  Spring  of  1859, 
•with  Jacob  Hunt  as  Superintendent.  It  is  in  a  flourishing  condition  at  present, 
and  an  average  of  about  300  children  attend. 

The  Presbyterian  society  was  organized  July  25,  1858,  with  10  original 
members.  The  first  Pastor  was  Rev.  Benjamin  B.  Drake.  The  church  was 
built  in  1862,  and  is  a  frame,  25x40  feet,  costing  $750.  It  was  dedicated, 
when  completed,  by  Rev.  A.  Eddy.  The  present  Pastor  is  Rev.  T.  Hemp- 
stead, and  his  church  numbers  88  members.  A  Sunday  school  was  organized 
in  1863,  with  William  Mitchell  as  Superintendent.  With  the  periods  of  lan- 
guishing, usual  to  such  organizations,  it  still  exists,  and  is  in  quite  a  flourishing 
condition  at  this  time.  A  few  years  after  the  organization  of  the  Presbyterina 
Church,  it  divided  into  the  Old  and  New  Schools,  and  the  latter  branch  built 
a  church  similar  to  that  worshiped  in  by  the  other ;  but,  re-uniting  again  in  a 
short  time,  the  New  School  church  was  sold  to  the  Ormish  society,  who  still 
occupy  it,  having  preaching  regularly,  a  flourishing  membership  and  a  large 
congregation. 

The  Baptist  Church  was  erected  in  1865,  but  the  society  was  organized 
several  years  previous.  It  is  a  brick  edifice,  38x50  feet,  costing  $3,000,  and 
was  dedicated  by  Rev.  J.  Cairns,  at  the  time  its  Pastor.  At  present,  it  has  a 
large  membership,  and  Rev.  C.  D.  Merritt  is  Pastor.  Its  Sunday  school  was 
organized  in  1864,  the  year  before  the  building  of  the  church.  William  Car- 
penter is  the  Superintendent,  and  about  140  children  attend  on  an  average. 

The  Roman  Catholic  congregation  Avas  organized  about  1857,  and  was 
visited  from  that  time,  semi-annually,  by  Rev.  B.  Lonergan,  of  Wilmington, 
until  1867,  when  the  mission  was  attached  to  Pontiac,  a  resident  priest  having 
been  appointed  there.  This  priest,  whose  name  was  O'Neill,  was  one  of  the 
oldest  priests  in  America,  the  first  Irish  priest  who  ever  came  west  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Thomas  Quigley,  now  of  Henry.  111.  The 
congregation,  however,  had  not  assumed  any  permanent  organization  until 
1868,  when,  under  the  leadership  of  Rev.  John  A.  Fanning,  the  present  Pas- 
tor, a  fiame  church  was  built,  33x60  feet,  to  which  important  additions  have 
been  made,  at  a  total  cost,  up  to  the  present  time,  of  about  $4,000.  The 
original  membership  consisted  of  some  thirty  families,  and  has  since  then 
increased  to  about  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  families.  The  church  edifice 
was  dedicated  on  the  24th  of  June,  to  St.  John  the  Baptist,  by  Rev.  C. 
Gonaut,  of  Chebanse,  assisted  by  the  Pastor  and  other  clergymen.  The  Sun- 
day school  of  this  church  was  organized  cotemporaneously  with  the  congrega- 
tion. Its  first  Superintendent  was  Owen  McKay,  now  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming 
Territory. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  341 

As  early  as  1862,  movements  were  made  here  toward  developing  the  coal 
fields,  believed  to  exist  sufficiently  near  the  surfjica  to  be  reached  with  light 
expense.  In  the  Fall  of  this  year,  H.  L.  Marsh  commenced  to  sink  the 
west  shaft,  and  at  the  distance  of  216  feet,  struck  the  first  vein 
of  coal,  which  varies  from  four  and  a  half  to  five  feet  in  thickness,  and  produces 
a  very  fair  quality  of  coal.  At  a  distance  of  180  feet  below  this 
vein  another  was  found,  but  not  of  sufficient  thickness  to  warrant  its  being 
profitably  worked.  It  is  the  best  coal,  however,  in  any  of  the  neighboring 
shafts,  but^  to  quote  the  slang  of  the  day,  it  is  "too  thin" — to  be  valuable. 
To  sink  this  shaft  and  equip  it  for  work  has  cost  altogether  about  $30,000  ;  the 
works  have  a  capacity  for  taking  out  at  least  five  hundi-ed  tons  daily,  but  the 
demand  has  never  required  it  to  run  to  the  full  extent  of  its  ability.  Some 
years  ago,  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  Eastern  capitalists,  who  leased  it  to  Knight 
&  Gibb,  of  Fairbury,  for  two  and  a  half  years,  which  term,  we  believe,  has 
expired,  and  the  mine  is  at  present  idle,  except  in  keeping  the  water  pumped 
out.  This  was  the  first  shaft  sunk  between  Braidwood  and  x\lton,  where  more 
than  a  hundred  now  perforate  the  ground.  It  for  some  time  proved  an  expen- 
sive affair  on  account  of  so  much  water,  and  the  third  shaft  was  sunk  before  one 
could  be  secured  against  overflow. 

The  east  shaft  was  commenced  in  April,  1867,  and  struck  a  profitable  vein 
of  coal  at  a  depth  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet.  This  shaft  was  originally 
begun  by  a  stock  company,  consisting  of  Jones,  Amsbury,  Darnall,  Gribb, 
Atkins  and  Archer.  Amsbury  and  Jones  were  the  principal  business  men,  and 
Gibb  the  Superintendent.  The  sinking  of  the  shaft  at  that  time  cost  about 
$15,000,  but  could  be  done  for,  perhaps,  half  the  amount  now.  A  few  years 
after  the  opening  of  the  shaft,  Gibb  leased  it  from  the  company,  and  has  been 
operating  it  advantageously  for  the  past  four  years.  Mr.  Gibb  is  a  native  of 
Scotland,  and  has  been  in  this  country  since  1852.  He  thoroughly  under- 
stands coal  mining,  and  under  his  supervision  this  shaft  yields  on  an  average 
seventy-five  tons  daily,  the  year  round.  At  present,  they  supply  the  railroad 
companies  1,000  tons  per  month,  while  the  remainder  is  mostly  disposed  of  to 
the  local  trade.  The  different  foi*mations  passed  through  in  reaching  coal  were 
yellow  clay  immediately  after  the  soil,  then  quite  a  thickness  of  blue  clay,  after 
which  a  considerable  stratum  of  soft  stone — usually  called  soapstone^-and  then 
a  vein  of  lime  rock,  followed  by  a  shelly  sandstone,  with  thin  layers  of  sand 
between  the  layers  of  rock,  when  coal  was  struck.  A  peculiarity  of  the  country 
here  is  the  diflerence  in  the  formations  passed  through  in  these  shafts,  which 
are  not  more  than  two  miles  apart.  In  the  west  end  shaft,  the  clay  is  about  the 
same  as  in  the  other,  but  much  more  water;  after  passing  through  the  clay, 
two  strata  of  lime  ledges  were  met  with  ;  then  a  stratum  of  red  fire-clay,  and 
after  it  about  eighty  feet  of  shelly  lime  rock,  followed  by  thirty  feet  of  soap- 
stone,  underlying  which  was  the  first  vein  of  coal.  In  the  new  shaft,  sunk  the 
present  season,  about  midway  between  the  other  two.  a  very  soft,  red  rock  was 


342  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

found  in  large  quantities,  and  Avhich  is  supposed  to  contain  mineral  properties 
that  may  be  converted  into  something  valuable.  This  vein,  or  bed  of  stone, 
was  found  at  a  depth  of  about  eighty  feet,  and  is  seven  feet  in  thickness. 
Speaking  of  it  at  the  time,  the  Independent  Blade  said  : 

The  stone  is  strongly  impregnated  with  mineral,  mostly  iron  In  color  it  is  gray  and  dark 
brown.  It  also  has  an  oily  substance,  that  shows  itself  very  plainly  when  immersed  in  water, 
the  oil  rising  to  the  surface.  Experiments  have  been  made  with  this  stone  ground  to  powder 
and  mixed  with  oil  for  painting  purposes,  and  to  all  appearances  it  makes  an  excellent  article. 
We  have  samples  of  this  paint  in  this  office,  which  may  be  seen.  Further  tests  will  be  made, 
and  should  it  turn  out  as  is  now  anticipated,  there  is  a  mine  of  wealth  in  it,  and  the  manufac- 
ture of  mineral  paint  may  be  commenced  at  once  in  this  city. 

This  shaft  is  owned  by  Knight,  Gibb  &  Co.  They  bought  six  acres  of  Mr. 
Marsh,  with  the  privilege  of  mining  under  seventy  acres  more,  belonging  to  the 
same  party.  They  reached  coal — a  vein  four  and  a  half  feet  thick — at  a  depth 
of  176  feet,  and  at  an  expenditure  of  about  $10,000.  This  is  the  third  shaft 
that  has  been  successfully  sunk  in  the  environs  of  Fairbury,  and,  next  to  grain, 
coal  mining  is  the  most  extensive  line  of  business  engaged  in  by  its  citizens. 
Aside  from  the  amount  furnished  the  railroads,  the  trade  is  of  a  local  character, 
mostly,  and  very  extensive  of  that  kind. 

The  first  bank  was  established  in  Fairbury  by  Judge  McDowell  and  Nathan 
E.  Lyman,  in  1864,  and  was  known  as  the  Fairbury  Bank.  In  1867,  Jno.  J.. 
Taylor  was  admitted  a  partner,  and  it  finally  developed  into  the  First  National 
Bank,  and  was  organized  as  such  in  1874,  with  Isaac  P.  McDowell  as  President, 
and  Nathan  E,  Lyman  (now  of  Rockford,  111.)  as  Cashier.  I.  P.  McDowell  is 
still  President,  and  T.  S.  0.  McDowell  is  Cashier.  Bartlett,  Beech  &  Dominy 
commenced  the  banking  business  June  15,  1874,  and  still  conduct  it  in  all 
its  branches. 

A  woolen-mill  was  built  here  about  the  year  1867-68,  by  three  brothers 
from  New  York,  named  Barnard.  It  was  supposed  at  one  time  that  sheep 
raising  would  prove  a  very  profitable  business  in  this  section  of  the  country,  and 
a  number  of  farmers  embarked  in  it  extensively.  A  man  named  Hiner,  living 
a  little  west  of  Fairbury,  had  at  one  time  over  1,300  head  of  sheep,  but  after 
considerable  experimenting,  it  was  found  to  be  a  failure.  Owing  to  the  wet 
nature  of  so  much  of  the  land,  the  disease  called  "  foot  rot  "  prevailed  to  an 
extent  to  render  the  raising  of  sheep  not  only  expensive,  but  entirely  profitless^ 
and  it  was  finally  abandoned  altogether.  From  this  fact,  the  woolen-mill  proved 
a  failure,  and  the  parties  owning  it  took  out  the  machinery  and  moved  it  to  Los 
Angelos,  Cal.,  where  sheep  are  a  spontaneous  growth  and  are  cultivated  to 
an  extent  calculated  to  make  a  mill  of  its  caliber  profitable.  The  Chicago  & 
Paducah  Railroad  Company  purchased  the  old  building,  after  the  machinery  had 
been  removed,  with  the  intention  of  converting  it  into  a  grain  elevator,  but  the 
partial  failure  of  crops  for  the  past  year  or  two  has  prevented,  and  it  still  stands 
an  empty  shell,  a  monument  of  misplaced  investment. 

The  Fairbury  Union  Agricultuial  Board  was  incorporated  under  legislative 
act  in  1876.     The  certificate  of  organization  is  signed  by  Geo.  H.  Harlow,  Secre- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  843 

tary  of  State,  under  the  great  seal,  and  is  dated  January  19,  1870.  It  was  organ- 
ized and  officers  duly  elected  March  2r)th,  as  follows  :  John  Virgin,  President ; 
John  G.  Steers,  Vice  President ;  C.  C.  Bartlett,  Treasurer,  and  Smith  Olney, 
Secretary.  The  first  Board  of  Directors  were  Jacob  B.  Bally,  Stephen  Herr, 
Henry  Kingman,  John  F.  Myers,  Henry  Skinner  and  George  W.  Myers,  whose 
terms  expire  in  1877  ;  and  Robert  Elmore,  J.  F.  Earnhart,  Owen  Finegan,  D.  L. 
Murdock,  R.  E.  Norman,  D.  R.  Potter  and  Benjamin  Cumpston,  whose  terms 
expire  in  1878.  Their  grounds  consist  of  about  twenty-one  acres  of  land,  pur- 
<-hased  at  an  aggregate  cost  of  $2,800,  and  are  located  just  south  of  the  village 
and  are  excellently  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  used.  They  are 
well  improved  and  enclosed  with  a  substantial  fence  and  have  large  and  com- 
modious buildings. 

The  first  exhibition  of  the  association  was  held  in  September,  1870,  and  con- 
tinued four  days.  The  last  election  of  officers  resulted  as  follows:  John  Virgin, 
President ;  Joel  Strawn,  Vice  President ;  C.  C.  Bartlett,  Treasurer,  and  H.  L. 
Bruce,  Secretary.  It  is  a  Union  Association  of  Livingston  and  McLean  Coun- 
ties ;  is  in  a  flourishing  condition  and  is  patronized  and  supported  by  both 
counties  in  a  liberal  manner. 

The  Masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  societies  are  well  represented  in  the  village 
of  Fairbury,  by  all  the  grades  of  those  honorable  bodies.  Tarbolton  Lodge, 
No.  Sol,  Ancient,  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  was  chartered  October  3,  1800, 
and  the  document  authorizing  its  existence  as  a  body  was  signed  by  D.  C  Cre- 
gier.  Grand  Master  of  Illinois  at  that  time,  and  J.  H.  Miles,  Grand  Secretary. 
Charter  members — Aaron  Weider,  L.  H.  Nash,  R.  Rumbold,  J.  B.  Hulsey, 
0.  P.  Ross,  S.  C.  Roberts,  H.  Remington  and  some  others,  of  whom  0.  P.  Ross 
and  H.  Remington  alone  are  now  members.  Aaron  Weider  was  the  first 
Worshipful  Master.  At  present.  Smith  Olney  is  Master ;  T.  W.  Duftey,  Sec- 
retary, and  104  members  are  on  the  records.  The  Lodge  Hall  was  burned 
March  29,  1875,  and  the  loss  in  paraphernalia,  furniture,  etc.,  was  about  |2,000. 
The  hall  did  not  belong  to  them,  but  was  rented  for  Lodge  purposes,  so  that  the 
loss  of  the  building  did  not  fall  on  them.  The  Lodge  was  originally  organized 
in  Remington's  parlor,  and  continued  to  meet  there  until  other  rooms  were  pro- 
cured. 

Fairbury  Chapter,  No.  99,  Royal  Arch  Masons,  was  chartered  October  5, 
1800,  and  their  charter  signed  by  J.  A.  DeLancey,  Grand  High  Priest  of  the 
State,  and  J.  H.  Miles.  Grand  Secretary.  The  first  High  Priest  was  J.  W. 
Peck,  and  H.  Remington  was  the  first  Secretary.  At  present,  W.  H.  Allen  is 
High  Priest,  and  Smith  Olney,  Secretary,  with  a  present  membership  of  83. 

Fairbury  Council,  No.  30,  Royal  and  Select  Masters,  was  chartered  January 
11,  1808,  and  J.  W.  Peck  was  the  first  T.-.  I.-.  G.\  M.\,  and  M.  Osman  the 
first  Recorder.  By  a  joint  act  of  the  Grand  Chapter  and  the  Grand  Council 
of  Illinois,  the  degrees  of  the  latter  are  now  conferred  in  the  Chapter,  and  the 
Council,  as  a  body,  is  discontinued. 


344  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

St.  Paul  Commandery,  No.  36,  Knight  Templars,  was  chartered  Oct.  26^ 
1870.  Sir  D.  C.  Cregier  was  then  Grand  Commander  of  the  State,  and  as 
such  signed  the  charter  authorizing  its  organization.  The  first  Eminent  Com- 
mander was  Sir  J.  J.  Wright,  and  Sir  John  Zimmerman,  Recorder.  There  are 
at  present  56  members  upon  the  books,  and  Sir  John  Zimmerman  is  Com- 
mander, and  Sir  Demas  Elliott,  Recorder. 

Livingston  Lodge,  No.  290,  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  was 
organized  under  dispensation  August  15,  1860,  and  chartered  Oct.  12th  of  the 
same  year.  The  charter  members  were  J.  F.  Blackburn,  John  J.  Young,  W. 
H.  Strevelle,  John  T.  Bowen  and  John  Zimmerman.  Of  these,  there  are  still 
living  Blackburn  and  Zimmerman,  but  the  latter  only  is  still  a  member  of  the 
body.  The  present  Noble  Grand  is  J.  F.  Earnhart,  and  J.  M.  Thornton  is  Sec- 
retary, with  44  members. 

Fairbury  Encampment,  No.  71.  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  chartered  Oct.  8, 1867,  and 
has  a  large  membership.  At  present,  Benj.  P.  Lightfoot  is  Chief  Patriarch; 
T.  W.  Gore,  Scribe. 

The  history  of  the  press  extends  back  but  a  dozen  years  in  this  little  city. 
In  1866,  H.  S.  Decker  commenced  the  publication  of  a  paper  called  the 
Journal,  in  Fairbury,  but  soon  sold  out  to  I.  P.  McDowell,  who,  after  a  short 
time,  sold  it  to  a  man  named  Eastman,  and  he  continued  to  publish  it  until 
1873.  In  1871,  the  Dimmicks  commenced  the  publication  of  the  Independent, 
and  in  1876,  C.  B.  Holmes  commenced  the  Blade.  These  papers  were  pub- 
lished in  the  interests  of  the  east  and  west  ends  of  the  village  for  a  time,  when 
J.  S.  Scibird,  formerly  of  Bloomington,  purchased  the  two,  and  consolidated 
them,  upon  the  principle  that  "in  union  there  is  strength,"  and  from  the  com- 
bination brought  forth  a  kind  of  journalistic  Siamese  twins,  known  as  the 
Independent-Blade.  It  is  independent  in  politics,  well  and  ably  edited,  and  is 
one  of  the  flourishing  newspapers  of  the  county. 

John  Virgin,  J.  C.  Morrison  and  Decatur  Veach  formed  a  company,  some 
years  ago,  for  the  purpose  of  importing  Norman  horses.  In  1870,  Virgin  was 
sent  out  and  brought  the  first  lot  across  the  Atlantic  to  this  county.  Their 
partnership  was  soon  dissolved  by  the  death  of  Veach,  but  Virgin  still  continues 
in  the  business,  and  has  imported  some  very  fine  specimens  of  this  popular  breed. 

The  most  extensive  manufacturing  of  any  kind  in  the  village  is  George  W. 
Kring's.  He  commenced,  in  1866,  the  manufacture  of  cultivators,  a  business 
he  is  still  engaged  in.  Lately,  he  has  added  the  manufacture  of  check-rowers, 
which  he  makes  a  specialty. 

The  village  of  Fairbury  makes  no  pretensions  to  wholesale  business,  or  to 
extensive  manufacturing,  but  is  merely  a  retail  place,  and  as  such  every  line  of 
business  is  well  represented.  Many  large  mercantile  firms,  whose  bases  no 
financial  storms  can  shake,  are  doing  a  heavy  but  safe  business. 

As  noted  in  another  place,  this  village  and  township  have  the  advantage  of 
two  railroads.     The  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  formerly  known  as  the  Peoria 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  345 

&  Oquawka  Railroad,  in  the  early  period  of  its  existence  had  a  hard  struggle  for 
life.  It  was  poor  and  moneyless,  and,  as  is  usually  the  ease  under  such  circum- 
stances, every  one  gave  it  a  kick  down  the  hill.  No  stock  was  taken  in  it  in 
this  immediate  vicinity,  except  a  little  toward  building  a  station.  Owing  to 
their  straitened  circumstances,  and  their  inability  to  pay  their  obligations, 
the  bitterest  enmity  arose  between  the  road  and  the  town,  and  attachments 
were  made  against  everything  in  the  way  of  property  belonging  to  the  road, 
liable  to  such  process,  and  even  freight  bills  were  garnisheed  before  they  could 
be  collected.  Every  occasion  was  sought  to  annoy  each  other,  and  they  did  not 
always  stop  at  annoyance,  but  did  considerable  injury.  A  train  passed  through 
the  town  one  very  dry,  windy  day  at  full  speed,  with  fires  and  steam  at  a  high 
stage,  and  emitting  from  its  smoke-stack  great  blazing  cinders,  which  caught  in 
some  combustible  matter,  communicated  to  the  town,  and  a  destructive  confla- 
gration was  the  result.  When  the  train  arrived  at  Forrest,  the  next  station, 
the  engineer  looked  back  and  saw  the  dense  smoke,  then  remarked  that  he  set 
the town  of  Fairbury  on  fire  as  he  came  through.  The  road,  how- 
ever, lived  and  prospered,  and  grew  out  of  its  financial  troubles,  and  is  to-day 
one  of  the  prosperous  roads  in  the  country.  Its  name  was  changed  from 
Peoria  &  Oquawka  to  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railway,  and  it  is  a  great 
trunk  line  between  East  and  West.  It  was  finished  through  here  in  1857,  and 
there  are  few  roads  at  the  present  time  in  the  State  of  Illinois  that  are  doing  a 
heavier  business. 

The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Road  is  a  valuable  addition  to  this  section  of 
the  county,  as  it  unites  it  by  rail  with  the  county  seat,  and  also  gives  competi- 
tion in  the  shipment  of  freights,  which  are  extremely  heavy  from  this  point — 
as  much,  perhaps,  as  from  any  other  in  Livingston  County.  As  an  illustra- 
tion of  its  importance,  we  give  some  statistical  facts,  kindly  furnished  by  Mr, 
Winters,  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  and  Mr.  Rogers,  of  the  Chicago  & 
Paducah.  which  are  as  follows  for  the  year  1877  : 

TOLEDO,   PEORIA    &    WARSAW    RAILROAD. 

Freight  forwarded 600  car  loads  in  bulk. 

Freight  forwarded 60  car  loads  stock. 

Freight  forwarded 300  car  loads  of  coal. 

Total  freight  forwarded  for  the  year about  960  car  loads. 

Amount  received  on  freight  for  year  1877,  about ^24,000  00 

Amount  of  ticket  sales  for  year  1877 12,(i00  00 

CHICAGO    &    PADUCAH    RAILROAD. 

Freight  forwarded — total  grain,  stock  and  coal H17  car  loads. 

Amount  received  on  freight  for  1877 $17,617  84 

Amount  ticket  sales  for  1877 7,990  20 

Fairbury  has  been  a  most  unfortunate  town  in  the  way  of  fires,  and  it  would 
be  rather  difficult,  perhaps,  to  find  another  place  of  its  size  that  has  been  so 
often  and  so  disastrously  visited  by  the  "fire  fiend."  The  first  great  fire  occur- 
red in  October.  1868,  and  is  the  one  already  alluded  to  as  catching  from  a  pass- 


346  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ing  locomotive,  on  the  T.,  P.  k  W.  R.  R.  It  commenced  in  the  Dresser 
Warehouse,  located  in  East  End,  and  communicated  to  a  row  of  wooden  build- 
ings  on  the  north  side  of  Locust  street.  Eighteen  stores  were  burned,  little  of 
the  contents  saved,  and  the  loss  estimated  at  $75,000.  Two  other  serious  fires 
■occurred  in  1869,  though  neither  was  quite  as  destructive  as  the  one  just  men- 
tioned. In  the  month  of  February,  a  fire  broke  out  in  a  frame  store  building  on 
the  corner  of  Locust  and  Fourth  streets,  belonging  to  I.  P.  McDowell,  and 
communicated  to  a  row  of  wooden  buildings  adjoining  on  the  west.  Ten 
buildings  were  burned,  some  goods  saved,  and  loss  estimated  at  |20,000. 
Another  fire  occurred  this  year.  It  originated  in  a  wagon  shop,  owned  by 
N.  S.  McDonald,  in  the  West  End,  and  simultaneously  in  Elliott's  jewelry 
store,  in  East  End,  as  though  by  a  preconcerted  arrangement  of  incendiaries  to 
burn  and  plunder  the  entire  town.  Seven  buildings  were  totally  destroyed, 
with  a  loss  of  about  $12,500. 

In  addition  to  the  hostile  feelings  mentioned  as  existing  between  the  vil- 
lage and  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  Railway,  for  years,  quite  a  kindred  feeling  existed 
between  the  east  and  west  ends  of  the  village,  and  mutterings,  "  deep  and  dire,'' 
were  often  indulged  in  between  the  sections,  which  bade  fair,  at  times,  to  burst 
out  like  some  of  their  own  conflagrations.  As  this  is  an  unpleasant  part  of 
our  work,  however,  we  will  draw  the  veil  over  these  human  frailties,  with  a 
Bible  admonition  to  the  citizens,  to  "  dwell  together  in  unity." 

The  village  has  provided  itself  with  a  pretty  good  and  efficient  fire  depart- 
ment, and  organized  volunteer  companies.  In  1874,  they  purchased  a  couple 
<»f  hand  engines,  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,800,  and  the  village  government  allowed 
them  $100  for  keeping  their  fire  tackle  in  good  working  order,  while  the  remain- 
der of  their  services  is  gratuitous. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  and  exciting  little  incidents  that  has  ever 
occurred  in  this  village,  perhaps,  was  the  first  exercising  of  the  rights  of  fran- 
chise by  a  member  of  the  "  Fifteenth  Amendment."  Richard  Quarles,  known 
nearly  all  over  McLean  and  Livingston  Counties  as  "  Side  Hill  Dick,"  on 
account  of  one  leg  being  several  inches  shorter  than  the  other,  was  the  first 
colored  man  to  cast  a  ballot  at  an  election  in  Fairbury.  The  occasion  was  the 
^lection  of  township  officers,  in  the  Spring  of  1870,  and  called  out  nearly  as 
many  people,  to  witness  the  performance,  as  would  a  circus.  But  no  one  chal- 
lenged or  contested  his  right  to  vote,  and  it  passed  off  all  in  good  humor. 

There  are  living  in  and  around  Fairbury  about  100  negroes.  They  came 
mostly  from  Mr.  Sullivant's,  in  Ford  County,  who  imported  them  to  work  on 
his  large  farm ;  but  as  times  grew  hard  and  dull,  he  would  get  rid  of  his  col- 
ored help,  and  they  would  wander  toward  Fairbury,  where  they  found  homes. 
They  have  always  conducted  themselves  in  an  orderly  manner,  with  a  disposi- 
tion to  work  and  get  along  in  the  world.  The  Supervisor  says  he  has  given 
less  charity  to  negroes,  in  proportion,  than  to  whites ;  and,  taken  all  together, 
nothing  can  truthfully  be  said  to  their  disadvantage.     They  have  a  church,  of 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTOX  COUNTY.  349 

the  Methodist  Episcopal  denomination,  with  a  regular  Pastor,  Rev.  Aaron 
Ward,  of  Pontiac,  and  a  local  preacher,  also,  Rev.  Washington  Farrer.  A 
Sunday  school  is  in  full  operation  at  their  church,  under  the  superintendence 
of  James  Allen,  which  is  Avell  attended.  Their  children  go  to  the  common 
schools,  and  share  all  the  advantages  of  education  equallv  with  white  chil- 
dren. 

The  village  has  a  very  handsome  little  cemetery,  which  was  surveyed  by 
Isaac  R.  Clarke,  August  30,  1855,  and  was  originally  one-fourth  of  northwest 
quarter  of  Section  2,  and  has  had  an  addition  made  to  it  since  it  was  laid  out, 
of  about  six  acres  of  ground.  It  is  well  improved  and  set  in  trees  and  shrub- 
bery, and  much  respect  shown  by  the  living  to  the  dead.  The  first  burial  in 
this  cemetery  was  a  Mrs.  Hughes,  wife  of  David  Hughes,  and  was  interred 
soon  after  the  grounds  were  laid  out. 

Fairbury  was  originally  called  South  Avoca,  but  was  changed  by  Chenute, 
as  noted  in  another  place.  It  is  situated  at  the  crossing  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria 
k  Warsaw  and  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroads,  twelve  miles  from  Pontiac 
and  103  miles  from  Chicago.  Though  claiming  a  population  variously  estimated 
at  from  2,500  to  3,000,  it  is  still  under  village  organization.  The  bar  is  repre- 
sented here  by  Hon.  D.  L.  Murdock,  State's  Attorney,  Jiidge  W.  G.  McDowell, 
A.  J.  Clarke,  R.  T.  Perry  and  J.  D.  Fraley,  all  of  whom  are  menof  ability.  There 
are  other  able  men  in  the  place,  but  space  forbids  the  mention  of  the  names  of 
all  who  have  distinguished  themselves,  but  will  give  only  the  followino-,  who 
were  identified  with  the  army  during  the  late  war :  Jo.  H.  Scibird,  Major  of 
the  Seventieth  Illinois  Infantry  ;  John  W.  Morris,  Captain  of  Company  C, 
Srxty-eighth  Illinois  Infmtry ;  J.  M.  Wright,  Lieutenant  in  Second  Illinois 
Cavalry  ;  John  Zimmerman,  Lieutenant  in  Third  Illinois  Cavalry  ;  H.  H.  Staf- 
ford, First  Lieutenant  Company  H,  Seventy-second  Indiana  Infantry,  livino-  at 
present  in  Fairbury. 

Tlie  following  went  into  the  army  from  Fairbury,  but  are  now  residing  in 
other  places :  Rev.  A.  J.  Cropsey,  a  Methodist  preacher,  Major  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  since  the  war  has  represented 
his  district  in  the  Lower  House  of  the  State  Legislature.  He  at  present  lives  in 
Lincoln,  Nebraska.  B.  E.  Robinson,  First  Lieutenant  Company  I,  Ninety-fifth 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  served  a  full  term  in  Andersonville  prison,  with  all 
its  horrors.  He  has  served  three  terms  as  Sheriff  of  Livincfston  County,  havino- 
been  elected  in  1872,  1874  and  1876,  and  is  a  candidate  again  for  re-election. 
No  man  has  ever  held  the  office  three  terms  in  succession,  since  township 
organization.  Byron  Phelps,  a  son  of  Orin  Phelps,  mentioned  as  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Forrest  Township,  was  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Third  Illinois  Cav- 
alry, and  after  the  close  of  the  war  was  elected  County  Clerk,  an  office  he 
filled  satisfactorily  for  four  years,  and  at  present  lives  in  Decatur,  111.  Aaron 
Weidcr  was  an  officer  in  the  Third  Cavalry,  and  after  the  war  was  Treasurer 
of  the  county  for  four  years.     W.  H.  H.  McDowell  was  Second  Lieutenant  in 


350  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-Ninth  Illinois  Infantry,  and  lives  now  in  Pontiac. 
As  to  those  who  carried  muskets,  their  names  and  regiments  will  be  found  in 
the  general  war  record,  on  another  page  of  this  work.  Henry  H.  Rogers,  a  son 
of  S.  S.  Rogers,  of  Fairbury,  was  educated  at  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapo- 
lis, Md. ;  and  when  he  graduated  last  Summer  (1877),  was  appointed  a  inidship- 
man  on  board  of  the  U.  S.  steamer  Pensacola,  and  is  at  present  stationed  at 
Mare  Island,  near  San  Francisco. 

The  medical  fraternity  of  the  village  is  as  follows:  Drs.  S.  M.  &  H.  E.  W. 
Barnes,  J.  F.  Fraley,  D.  Brewer  and  James  Pearson ;  Dr.  J.  R.  Rayburn, 
dentist. 

Fairbury  Guards,  Company  C,  Tenth  Battalion  of  the  Illinois  State  Guards, 
with  regimental  headquarters  at  Dwight,  111.,  was  organized  in  October,  1877, 
with  the  following  officers :  J.  L.  Sacriste,  Captain ;  J.  M.  Wright,  First 
Lieutenant ;  J.  W.  Morris,  Second  Lieutenant ;  and  J.  S.  DeWolf,  Orderly 
Sergeant. 

Last  but  not  least  in  the  history  of  the  village  of  Fairbury,  we  would  men- 
tion in  the  most  complimentary  terms  the  Scibird  Zouave  Cadets,  a  company 
of  small  boys  from  10  to  14  yeai'S  old,  and  but  recently  organized  into  a 
military  company.  They  have  now  forty  members,  and  are  being  drilled 
in  genuine  military  style  by  J.  H.  Scibird,  Major  of  the  Seventieth  Illinois  In- 
fantry, during  the  late  war.  Their  uniform  consists  of  red  pants,  blue  shirts, 
red  caps  with  blue  top,  white  stockings  and  shoes.  They  have  toy  guns  made 
under  the  direction  of  Maj.  Scibird,  and  are  pine  stocks  with  tin  barrels.  Maj. 
Scibird  takes  great  pride  in  drilling  the  little  fellows,  and,  in  justice  to  them, 
we  must  say  that  they  do  honor  to  their  drill-master.  Their  evolutions  are  per- 
formed with  perfect  military  precision,  and  older  soldiers  might  learn  much  from 
their  maneuvers.  The  country  need  fear  no  danger  from  enemies  at  home,  or 
from  foes  abroad,  which  produces  such  manly  and  soldierly  little  boys  as  the 
Zouave  Cadets.  The  following  are  their  officers:  Joe  H.  Scibird,  Captain;* 
Thomas  Baker,  First  Lieutenant ;  Willie  Van  Doom,  Second  Lieutenant ; 
Charley  Rettenmayer,  First  Sergeant ;  Herman  Gillett,  Second  Sergeant ; 
Fred  Baker,  Third  Sergeant;  Frank  Duell,  Fourth  Sergeant;  Fred  Wright, 
Fifth  Sergeant ;  Grant  McDowell,  First  Corporal  ;  George  Decker,  Second 
Corporal ;  Clarence  Murdock,  Third  Corporal  ;  Eddie  Smith,  Fourth  Corporal ; 
Thomas   Langabeer,    Fifth   Corporal ;   Henry    Sweet,    Sixth  Corporal ;  Bruce 

Amsbury,  Seventh  Corporal ;  Robby  Mack,  Eighth  Corporal. 

And  perhaps  Napoleon,  Wellington,  Washington  or  Lee  never  wore  their 

official  greatness  with   more  dignity  than  do  these  embryo  generals.     But  we 

leave  them  with  a  w^ord  of  encouragement,  and   a  kind  Avish  for  their  future 

happiness : 


"  There's  a  page  in  their  s(ory,  too  bright  to  be  lost ! 
May  souls  so  heroic  win  laurels  and  praises 
Eternal,  beyond  where  the  dark  stream  is  crossed.'' 


*The  boys  insisted  on  Maj.  Scibird,  who  had  organized  and  drilled  them,  being  their  Captain,  and  so  unanimously 
elected  him. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  351 


BELLE  PRAIRIE  TOWNSHIP. 


Belle  Prairie  is  known  as  Township  25  north,  Range  6  east  of  the  3d  Prin- 
cipal Meridian,  and  is  fractional,  containing  only  about  half  the  amount  of  ter- 
ritory embraced  in  a  regular  Congressional  Township.  It  lies  in  the  extreme 
southern  part  of  the  county,  bounded  on  the  south  and  west  by  Ford  and  Mc- 
Lean Counties ;  on  the  east  by  Fayette  Township ;  on  the  north  by  Indian 
Grove,  and  is  all  prairie  land,  except  a  small  body,  comprising  but  a  section  or 
so,  adjoining  the  latter  township.  Tlie  land  is  rolling,  or  gently  undulating, 
affording  good  drainage,  and  the  soil  is  rich  and  very  productive.  It  is  entirely 
devoted  to  farming  and  stock-raising,  and  contains  no  cities  or  villages,  nor  even 
a  post  office  or  store.  However,  the  people  are  not  deprived  of  these  accom- 
paniments of  civilization.  There  are  plenty  of  them  within  easy  reach,  and 
several  situated  on  the  territorial  limits,  are  liberally  patronized  and  supported 
by  the  citizens  of  Belle  Prairie. 

This  township  is  noted  for  being  the  scene  of  the  first  permanent  settlement 
in  Livingston  County.  In  the  Fall  of  1830,  a  single  emigrant  wagon  drew  up 
at  the  head  of  the  grove  of  timber,  afterward  named  by  the  whites  Indian 
Grove,  and  the  owner  of  the  w\agon,  or  "prairie  schooner,"  as  the  big  "cov- 
ered wagons  "  of  the  emigrants  were  sometimes  called,  proceeded  to  pitch  his 
tent  on  the  banks  of  Indian  Creek,  which  has  its  source  in  this  vicinity.  This 
early  pioneer  was  Valentine  Martin  Darnall,  recognized  as  the  first  actual  set- 
tler of  the  county.  He  w^as  born  in  Virginia,  and,  when  a  mere  child,  his 
parents  removed  to  Kentucky,  and  settled  in  Boone  County,  one  and  a  quarter 
miles  from  Boonesboro,  the  site  of  the  first  settlement  made  in  the  ''  Dark 
and  Bloody  Ground  "  by  the  "  pale  face,"  and  where  Daniel  Boone,  the  pioneer, 
built  a  fort  more  than  a  century  ago.  His  parents  died  there  while  he  was  yet 
quite  young,  and  some  years  after  attaining  his  manhood,  and  having  taken  to 
himself  a  life  partner,  he  came  to  Illinois,  arriving  in  the  settlement  above 
Pleasant  Hill,  on  the  Mackinaw  River,  in  October,  1830.  He  had  three 
brothers-in-law  living  at  that  place,  and  he  left  his  wagon  and  family  with  them 
Avhile  he  came  over  to  Indian  Grove  on  a  prospecting  tour.  After  deciding  upon 
his  location,  he  borrowed  a  wagon  from  a  brother-in-law  to  avoid  unloading,  and 
again  loading  his  own,  and  having  procured  some  grain,  went  over  on  the  San- 
gamon River,  eight  miles  from  Springfield,  to  mill,*  as  he  could  not  live,  he 
says,  even  in  a  wilderness,  without  something  to  eat.  He  was  gone  fourteen 
days,  as  the  miller  couldn't  or  wouldn't  grind  for  him  sooner,  nor  hire  him  the 
mill  to  grind  it  for  himself.  On  the  26th  of  October,  he  got  back  to  the  settle- 
ment, and  on  the  27th  came  over  to  the  spot  destined  to  be  his  home  for  many 
years.  The  first  thing  after  pitching  his  tent,  and  getting  "  a  bite  to  eat,"  was 
to  cut  down  a  "  board  tree"  and  "  chop  off  a  cut  " — he  had  no  saw — which  he 
cut  eight  feet  long  and  quartered,  in  order  that  he  might  "  rive  "  boards  by  fire- 

*The  mill  was  owned  by  a  man  named  Archie. 


352  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

light.  He  informed  us  that  he  would  cut  house  logs  during  the  day  and  make 
boards  at  night,  and  that  on  the  1st  day  of  November  he  raised  his  first  cabin. 
His  help  came  from  the  settlement  at  Mackinaw,  a  distance  of  ten  or  twelve 
miles,  raised  the  house,  covered  it,  and  a  portion  of  them  went  home  the  same 
day.  There  were  no  nails  in  this  country  then,  and  where  they  were  needed 
wooden  pins  were  used.  This  ancient  relic,  perhaps  the  first  cabin  built  in 
Livingston  Coun.ty,  has  long  ago  crumbled  into  ruins,  but  a  "smoke  house" 
built  the  next  Spring  by  Mr.  Darnall  is  still  standing  and  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation.  It  is  built  of  red  elm  logs,  and  the  original  door,  which  is  a 
model  of  architectural  genius,  is  still,  to  it  and  doing  duty  as  such.  It  was  made 
without  a  nail,  and  the  frame  is  a  small  forked  sapling,  one  prong  being 
straight,  the  other  standing  out  at  an  angle  of  about  forty. five  degrees,  with  a 
cross  piece  "let  in  "  at  the  top  of  the  straight  one,  and  to  these  unique  "  bat- 
tens "  heavy  slabs  are  fastened  with  wooden  pins.  This  style  of  door  was  quite 
fashionable  in  this  section  of  the  country  forty  odd  years  ago. 

The  Winter  of  the  deep  snow  was  the  first  after  his  settlement  here.  The 
snow  commenced  falling  in  the  latter  part  of  December  and  continued  until  it 
was  four  feet  deep  on  the  level.  He  had  gone  to  Mackinaw  with  a  wagon  and 
two  horses,  for  his  Winter's  pork,  which  he  had  bought  in  that  settlement.  And 
there  the  great  snow  storm  caught  him.  Finding  it  impossible  to  get  back  with 
his  team,  he  left  his  wagon  and  one  horse  at  the  settlement,  and,  wrapping  him- 
self up  securely  to  keep  from  freezing,  mounted  the  other  horse,  and,  with  half 
a  hog  before  him  to  live  on  while  the  snow  might  last,  started  for  home.  His 
route  lay  across  the  open  prairie,  and  without  compass  or  any  mark  for  a  guide, 
save  the  direction  the  snow  was  drifted  by  the  wind,  he  struggled  against  the 
storm.  The  wind  was  blowing  and  the  air  filled  with  snow,  so  that  at  times  he 
could  see  but  a  few  yards  distant.  With  sad  forebodings  of  Avhat  might  be  the 
fate  of  his  wife  and  little  children  through  the  short  wintry  day  that  seemed  to 
him  very  long,  he  toiled  on  through  the  snow,  which,  he  informed  us,  on  an 
average,  came  to  his  knees,  as  his  noble  beast  waded  through  it.  As  the  shades 
of  evening  began  to  gather  around  him,  and  when  almost  ready  to  give  up  as 
lost  on  the  prairie,  the  sun,  just  before  setting,  burst  from  the  clouds  that  had 
shrouded  his  face  all  day,  and,  as  his  last  lingering  rays  reflected  across  the 
great  fields  of  snow,  they  tinged  with  gold  the  tops  of  the  trees  which  he  knew 
surrounded  his  cabin.  He  says  that  his  feelings  just  then  may  be  imagined, 
but  not  easily  described.  But  his  own  precarious  situation  had  caused  little 
of  his  uneasiness.  He  had  been  absent  four  days,  and  for  the  first  time  in  his 
married  life,  had  failed  to  reach  home  at  the  time  he  had  promised  his  wife  that 
he  would  return,  and  he  knew  not  but  that  he  would  find  them  frozen  to  death. 
Anxious  as  he  was,  however,  to  learn  their  fate,  yet  knowing  that  if  the  snow 
remained  on  the  ground  all  Winter,  they  could  not  (if  his  family  was  alive)  get 
alono-  without  something  to  eat,  he  went  out  of  his  way,  after  discovering  the 
grove  of  timber,  to  see  four  wild  hogs  that  he  had  been  trying  some  time  to  tame 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  353 

They  "were  so  hungry  that  they  followed  him  as  far  as  the  creek  without  trouble. 
He  found  his  family  as  comfortably  situated  as  could  be  expected  under  the  cir- 
cumstances.    The  snow,  where  the  wind  had  whirled  it  around  his  cabin,  was 
in  places  eight  feet  deep.     When  he  left  home,  he  had  three  young  calves  in  a 
rail  pen  in  the  yard,  and,  after  the  snow  came,  his  wife  succeeded  in  getting 
them  out  of  the  pen,  and  into  their  cabin  by  the  fire  to  prevent  their  freezing. 
She  had  dressed  herself  in  a  pair  of  her  husband's  trousers,  to  the  better  enable 
her  to  get  through  the  snow,  and  had  cleared  it  away  from  the  calf  and  sheep 
pens.     Mr.  Darnall,  the  next  day  after  his  return  home,  went  back  and  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  his  wild  hogs  home,  two  of  which  found  their  way  into  his 
scanty  larder  during  the  Winter.     Through  the  period  that  the  snow  remained, 
he  cut  timber  enough  to  make  3,000  rails.     He  would  cut  down  a  tree,  then 
tramp  a  road  to  it  through  the  snow,  so  that  his  cattle  and  sheep  could  get  to  it 
and  •■'  browse  "  off  the  branches.     It  was  thus,  together  with  a  very  small  allow- 
ance of  dry  corn,  that  he  wintered  nine  head  of  cattle  and  fifteen  sheep  without 
losing  a  single  one.     There  was  a  plum  thicket  near  liis  cabin,  where  the  snow 
had  drifted  up  eight  or  ten  feet  deep,  and  after  a  crust  had  formed  on  it,  the 
sheep  would  go  up  and  browse  off  the  tops  of  the  bushes.     When  the  snow 
melted  away,  the  tops  of  the  plum  trees  were  sticking  full  of  wool  plucked  from 
the  sheep  during  the  Winter.     Of  four  horses  he  had  when  he  settled  here, 
three  of  them  died  the  first  year  Avith  the  milk  sickness,  and  he  was  forced  to  use 
oxen  for  sometime  afterward.     It  was  two  months,  lacking  three  days,  from  the 
time  he  had  left  the  settlement  on  the  Mackinaw,  before  he  saw  a  human  beins;, 
except  his  own  family,  and  his  friends   there  were  wholly  ignorant  and  power- 
less to  learn  whether  he  had  reached  home  or  perished  in  the  snow.     When,  at 
the  expiration  of  the  time  mentioned  (two  months),  his  brother- in-laAv  came  over 
to  learn  the  fate  of  him  and  his  family,  he  was  rejoiced  to  find  them  all  well  and 
enjoying  life  to  the  utmost.      As   already  stated,  this  is  pronounced  the  first 
permanent  settlement  in  Livingston  County,  as  well  as  the  first  in  Belle  Prairie 
Township.     And  we  would  mention,  in  this  connection,  that  Mr.  Darnall  is  still 
living,  a  hearty  and  vigorous  old  man,  considering  that  he  has  borne  the  sun- 
shine and  storms  of  eighty  years.     But  his  good  wife,  the   companion  of  his 
early  toils  and  privations,  left  him  in   September,  1872,  for  a  home  up  beyond 
the  blue  skies,  where  the  weary  find  rest. 

The  next  settlement  w^as  made  in  this  township  by  William  Spence,*  in 
1831.  He  was  a  son  of  Malachi  Spence,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Indian 
Grove  Township.  He  came  from  Indiana  to  this  settlement,  but  was  originally 
from  Kentucky,  where  all  the  Spences  and  Darnalls  came  from. 

.In  1834,  Jeremiah  Travis,  James  Cooper  and  Hugh  Steers  made  claims  in 
the  settlement,  upon  which  tliey  located.  The  two  former  were  from  Tennessee, 
and  the  latter  from  Kentucky.  Travis  was  the  first  white  man  to  strike  a  fire 
on  the  west  side  of  Indian  Grove  timber,  a  fact  of  which  he  was  always  (juite 

*  Williamson  Spence,  though  usually  calk-il  William. 


354  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

proud.  He  died  upon  his  original  settlement,  in  1844.  James  Cooper  remained 
in  the  settlement,  a  good  citizen,  until  1865,  Avhen  he  died.  Steers  died  in  a 
few  years  after  coming  to  the  country. 

Spencer  Kates,  Benjamin  Hieronymous  and  Decatur  A^each  are  from  Ken- 
tucky. Kates  settled  here  in  1835-6,  where  he  remained  until  about  the  year 
1864,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Oregon.  Hieronymous  came  to  the 
settlement  in  1838,  and  made  a  claim,  on  which  he  still  lives,  a  highly-respected 
citizen.  He  informed  us  that  he  had  hauled  grain  to  Chicago  when  they  had  to 
go  around  by  Naperville ;  that  he  had  hauled  peaches  and  other  fruits  there — 
had  teamed  it  to  that  city,  in  fact,  almost  constantly  for  twenty-five  years, 
before  the  day  of  railroads.  Veach  is  among  the  early  settlers  of  this  township, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  Abolitionist  in   Livingston  County. 

Charles  Jones  and  his  son,  Thomas  Jones,  and  Orin  Phelps  came  from  New 
Jersey  and  settled,  first,  in  what  comprises  at  the  present  day  Forrest  Town- 
ship, in  the  history  of  Avhich  further  mention  is  made  of  them.  Thomas  Jones 
settled  in  Belle  Prairie  at  an  early  day,  having  remained  in  Forrest  but  a  few 
years.  After  farming  successfully  for  a  number  of  years,  he  rented  out  his 
farm,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Belle  Prairie,  and  removed  to  Fairbury, 
where  he  engaged  extensively  in  the  grain  business,  but  has  recently  quit  it, 
and  is  at  present  superintending  his  farm. 

The  foregoing  names  comprise  all  the  early  settlers  in  this  township  of 
whom  we  have  been  able  to  obtain  any  definite  information,  and  these  settled  in 
and  around  the  small  body  of  timber  at  the  head  of  Indian  Grove ;  and  it  was 
a  number  of  years  before  a  settlement  was  made  out  on  the  prairie.  Mr.  Dar- 
nall  says  that,  when  he  settled  in  the  country,  he  entertained  not  the  remotest 
idea  of  ever  living  to  see  a  settlement  made  on  the  prairie.  Benjamin  Walton 
was  the  first  to  venture  out  beyond  the  shelter  of  the  timber.  He  was  the  first 
permanent  settler  on  the  prairie  in  this  township,  and  was  generally  pronounced 
a  lunatic  for  building  a  house  away  out  on  what  was  termed  a  "barren  waste." 
He  came  from  the  old  Quaker  State,  though  stoutly  denies  being  a  Pennsyl- 
vania Dutchman,  and  settled  here  in  1854,  buying  a  claim  from  a  man  named 
De  Board,  who  had  made  a  little  opening  on  the  prairie,  but  soon  got  disgusted 
and  left  it.  The  whole  broad  prairies  in  this  section  were  then  unbroken  save 
by  the  beaten  paths  of  wild  beasts,  or  the  neighbors'  stock  which  grazed  upon 
them  uninterruptedly. 

Mr.  Walton  was  one  of  the  first  men  in  the  country  to  advocate  a  stock  law, 
and  resolutions  on  the  subject,  offered  by  him  at  the  county  fair  at  Pontiac, 
went  the  rounds  of  the  press  and  circulated  extensively  over  the  Western  States. 
He  argued  the  question  on  all  occasions,  and  the  debates  of  him  and  Rev.  John 
Darnall,  who  lived  in  Indian  Grove  Township  and  took  ground  against  the 
proposed  measure,  are  quite  voluminous,  and,  if  printed,  would  make  a  rather  in- 
teresting volume.  Another  enterprise  of  his  was  the  putting  up  of  stone  corners 
to  each  section  of  land  in  the  township.    He  made  the  move,  and,  after  encounter- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  355 

ing  considerable  opposition,  succeeded  in  carrying;  the  point,  and,  to-day,  every 
section  of  land  in  Belle  Prairie  Township  has  stones,  weighing  not  less  than 
two  hundred  pounds,  at  each  corner.  Walton  is  a  zealous  temperance  man, 
and  has  published  a  pamphlet  in  the  interests  of  the  cause,  in  which  his  views 
are  ably  given.  Some  years  ago,  he  removed  to  Fairbury,  where  he  still  lives, 
an  enterprising  business  man. 

R,  B.  Harrington  came  from  New  York,  and  is  another  of  the  early  settlers 
on  the  prairie.  While  not  fully  ranking  as  an  old  settler,  he  was  a  man  of 
much  prominence,  and  deserves  special  mention.  He  was  the  second  Super- 
visor of  the  township,  and  through  his  popularity  and  good  business  qualities 
was  elected  County  Clerk  in  1861  on  the  Republican  ticket.  In  1865,  he  was 
re-elected  to  the  office,  and  served  another  four  years.  During  his  services  as 
County  Clerk,  he  is  said  to  have  been  one  of  the  most  popular  leaders  of  the 
party  it  has  ever  had  in  the  county.  He  at  present  lives  in  Nebraska,  where 
he  holds  some  important  office  in  the  government. 

Other  settlers  soon  located  on  the  prairie  lands,  and  at  the  present  time  it 
is  the  most  valuable  and  productive  in  the  county. 

As  already  stated.  Belle  Prairie  had  originally  but  a  very  small  body  of 
native  timber.  Since  the  commencement  of  settlements  on  the  prairie,  tree- 
planting  has  been  extensively  engaged  in  by  the  farmers,  and  with  considerable 
success.  Walnut  is  the  favorite  timber  thus  cultivated,  and  many  fine  groves 
are  found  throughout  the  township.  The  nuts  are  planted  in  rows,  and 
though  a  rather  slow  growth,  the  walnut  is  hardy  and  well  adapted  to 
this  climate. 

The  first  white  child  born  in  the  settlement  is  supposed  to  have  been  Will- 
iam Steers,  a  son  of  Hugh  Steers,  and  was  born  in  1834.  The  first  wedding  was 
that  of  William  Spence  and  Miss  Mary  Darnall,  and  the  license  authorizing  the 
solemnization  of  their  nuptials  was  the  first  issued  from  the  Clerk's  office  of 
Livingston  County  after  its  formation.  They  were  married  by  Rev.  John 
Darnall,  in  1837.  Benjamin  Hieronymous  and  a  Miss  Darnall,  sister  to  the 
bride  just  mentioned,  were  married  soon  after,  and  were  probably  the  second 
marriage  in  the  township.  Apropos  of  weddings  ;  when  a  son  of  Mr.  Hierony- 
mous was  married,  some  years  ago,  to  a  Miss  Post,  of  Pontiac,  a  local  poet 
thus  rhapsodized  the  event : 

"  Hieronymous  stood  by  his  Post — 

The  brave  young  Dick  Hieronymus  : 
Said  he,  my  dear,  I  feel  almost 
As  if  I  was  some  blessed  ghost. 
Said  she,  I  feel  synonymous." 

Who  was  the  first 'to  enter  the  dark  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death  in  this  town- 
ship we  were  unable  learn.     But  few  settlements  were  made  until  a  very  late 


356  HISTORY  OF  LITIXGSTOX  COUNTF. 

dav.  and  of  the  few  early  settlers,  none  now  living  can  tell  who  was  the  first 
to  pas5  away. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Belle  Prairie  Township  was  Spencer  Kates, 
and  was  commissioneii  as  such  about  the  vear  184r0,  while  this  town  was  vet  a 
part  of  Indian  Grove  Precinct.  Jeremiah  Travis  was  the  first  blacksmith,  and 
plied  his  vocation  from  his  first  senlement.  so  fer  as  the  few  scattering  settlei"s 
required  his  services.  He  was  als<-^  a  chair  maker,  and  many  of  his  mak^  are 
still  to  be  found  in  this  and  surrounding  neighborhoods.  Who  the  first  practicing 
physician  was  is  a  question  involved  in  some  doubt,  but  was.  perhaps.  Dr. 
Ostrander.  mentioned  elsewhere  as  one  of  the  first  physicians  in  this  part  of  the 
county,  and  who  practiced  his  profession  in  early  times,  all  through  this  entire 
section. 

The  first  church  and  the  only  one  that  has  ever  been  built  in  this  settlement 
is  the  Metho^iist  Episcopal  Church,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township.  It  is  a 
good  frame  building,  and  was  erected  in  1865.  at  a  cost  of  §1.500.  and  was 
dedic-ated.  on  its  c-ompletion.  by  Rev.  Mr.  Rh<3des,  then  Presiding  Elder  of  the 
district.  Rev.  Mr.  Sanders  is  the  present  Pastor :  his  church  is  in  a  flourishing 
con<iition.  and  has  a  large  membership.  A  good  Sunday  school  is  in  successful 
operation,  with  a  large  attendance  every  Sunday,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Sanders  is  the 
Superintendent.  A  comfortable  parsonage  is  attached  to  the  church,  which  is 
a  very  pleasant  arrangement.  A  handsome  and  well-kept  little  cemetery  has 
been  laid  off  near  the  church,  where  many  of  its  former  worshipers  sleep  in 
peace.  Mrs.  Hanna  was  among  the  first  buried  in  it.  if  not  the  first.  Be  that 
as  it  may.  however,  it  is  agreed  that  her  monument  was  the  first  put  up  in  the 
linle  gravevard.  Although  this  church  was  not  built  until  1865.  and  the  first 
settlement  was  made  here  thirty-five  years  before,  it  does  not  foUow  that  the 
pec»ple  were  without  religious  instruction.  The  sound  of  the  Gospel  was 
heard  here  almost  from  the  coming  of  white  men :  and  their  cabins  and 
the  groves  served  as  sanctuaries  of  worship,  until  the  building  of  school 
houses.  Rev.  John  Damall.  Rev.  David  Sharpless  and  Rev.  John  Miller. 
mentioned  in  other  parts  of  this  work,  were  among  the  early  preachers  of 
the  time. 

In  1858,  the  first  temple  of  learning  was  bmlt  in  Belle  Prairie  Township. 
A  few  of  the  neighbors  resolved  to  have  a  school  house,  and,  upon  consultation 
with  carpenters  and  builders,  found  that  it  would  cost  more  than  they  could 
well  afford  to  pay.  Finally.  Ben.  Walton  took  the  contract  and  proceeded!  at 
once  to  put  up  the  building.  He  hauled  the  material  from  Pontiac,  took  what 
pav  he  could  get.  and  eventually  succeeded  in  collecting  a  suflBcient  amount  to 
bring  down  his  own  quota  to  a  fair  proportion  with  that  of  his  neighbors.  The 
town  is  well  supplicl  with  good,  substantial  school  houses  at  convenient  distances 
from  each  other,  and  within  easy  reach  of  all.     The  school  records  furnish  no 

teres  t   to    these   pages.      From   the    last   report   of   the 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COCNTT.  357 

Treasurer,  David  Crum,  to  the  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  ire  take 

the  following : 

No.  of  males  in  township  under  21  years l^J* 

No.  of  females  in  township  onder  21  jears 1~^' 

Total  „ ^56 

No.  of  males  in  township  between  6  and  21  jear«_ 146 

No.  of  females  in  township  between  0  and  21  years 1-^ 

Total- 2.!>*> 

No.  of  males  attending  school : 112 

No.  of  females  attending  school- '0^ 

Total 218 

No.  of  male  teachers  employed- 4 

No.  of  female  teachers  employed 10 

Total 14 

Amoont  paid  male  teachers 1 fSOO  00 

Amount  paid  female  teachers 1.360  00 

Total §2-160  00 

Estimated  ralne  of  school  property 4,000  W 

Amount  of  tax  lery  for  support  of^hools 2,-541  00 

Principal  of  township  fond 5,772  00 

Politically.  Belle  Prairie  was  very  strongly  Democratic,  in  the  days  of 
Whigs  and  Locofocos.  but.  at  the  present  time,  it  is  more  evenly  contesteil  on 
the  political  issues  of  the  day  ;  though  still  giving  small  Democratic  majorities. 
\vhen  the  party  lines  are  closely  drawn.  While  on  this  theme,  a  little  episode 
which  occurred  at  the  village  of  Potosi,  just  over  the  border  in  McLean  County. 
but  with  some  of  its  suburban  residences  extending  into  Belle  Prairie,  may  not 
be  inappropriate.  Just  after  the  close  of  the  war.  and  while  Hon.  R.  J.  Oglesby 
was  Governor  of  Illinois,  the  Democrats  around  Potosi,  both  in  Livingston  and 
McLean  Counties,  raised  a  pole  at  a  political  gathering  in  the  village,  and 
which  some  imprudent  Democrat  denominated  a  **  secesh  "  pole.  The  Republi- 
cans swore  that  the  pole  should  not  stand,  while  the  Democrats  swore  that  it 
should,  and  in  pure  defiance  had  run  up  a  string  of  butternuts  on  it.  Excite- 
ment was  at  a  white  heat :  the  war  had  just  ended,  and  the  "  bloody  chasm  " 
still  yawneii  between  the  parties.  Serious  apprehensions  were  entertained  by 
the  more  conservative  of  both  sides  that  the  affair  would  end  in  blood,  when 
some  "blessed  peacemaker"  proposed  to  telegraph  the  circumstances  to  Gov. 
Oglesby.  a  man  whose  loyalty  none  dared  ijuestion.  and  abide  his  decision. 
It  was  agreed  to  by  both  parties ;  the  despatch  was  sent,  and  quick  on  the 
lightning's  wing  flashed  back  Oglesby's  answer:  "Let  the  Republicans  go 
home  and  behave  themselves,  and  let  the  Democrats  take  down  their  pole  and 
save  their  nuts."  This  despatch  created  a  laugh,  and  put  the  crowd  in  a  good 
humor :  all  shook  hands  across  the  chasm,  and  went  home  in  peace  and  quiet. 
It  is  said  that  the  obnoxious  butternuts  were  sent  to  Oglesbv  as  a  memento  of 


c 


858  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

liis  timely  and  successful  interference  in  their  little  broil,  and  that  he  has  them  care- 
fully laid  away  in  his  oflfice ;  that  he  frequentl}^  takes  them  out  of  their  resting  place, 
relates  the  story  to  his  friends,  and  enjoys  a  hearty  laugh  at  the  recollection. 

Belle  Prairie  was  set  off  from  Indian  Grove  at  the  time  of  township  organi- 
zation, and  from  that  time  until  about  the  year  1871,  embraced  Fayette  Town- 
ship within  its  limits.  When  the  county  was  organized  into  townships,  the 
first  Supervisor  of  Belle  Prairie  was  V.  M.  Darnall,  its  first  settler.  Its  pres- 
ent officers  are  as  follows  :  Supervisor,  P.  0.  Abbey  ;  D.  S.  Crum  and  Wm. 
Younger,  Magistrates ;  Ira  C.  Pratt,  Assessor ;  Richard  Smith,  Collector,  and 
J.  R.  Spence,  Town  Clerk. 

The  name  Belle  Prairie  was  given  to  the  township  by  R.  B.  Harrington, 
mentioned  in  another  page,  who  seems  to  have  been  imbued  with  a  keen  sense 
of  the  glorious  and  beautiful.  The  country  to  which  he  gave  the  poetical  name 
is  fine  and  magnificent  almost  beyond  description,  and  the  name  is  as  beautiful 
as  the  sweet  wild  flowers  of  its  own  prairies.  The  name  provoked  quite  a  dis- 
cussion among  those  who  wanted  one  more  practical  and  suggestive  of  every 
(lay  life,  but  the  other  was  finally  adopted.  Thefe  is  not  a  village,  posf  office  or 
store  in  the  township,  but  the  majority  of  the  inhabitants  receive  their  mail  at 
Potosi,  just  over  the  line  in  McLean  County.  Indeed,  a  part  of  the  village  is 
in  Belle  Prairie,  but  the  store  and  post  office  are  across  the  line. 

The  record  of  Belle  Prairie  was  good  durino;  the  late  war.  Notwith- 
standing  it  was  usually  termed  a  Copperhead  stronghold,  but  one  draft  occurred 
during  the  war,  and  it  was  for  but  a  half-dozen  men.  Through  the  energy  and 
enterprise  of  Ben  Walton,  then  one  of  the  leading  spirits  of  the  town,  substi- 
tutes were  procured  in  three  days  for  those  drafted,  and  at  lower  figures  than 
any  neighboring  town  had  to  pay  for  the  same  kind  of  material.  While  the 
township  claims  no  Major  Generals,  or  very  noted  or  distinguished  officers  of 
any  rank,  it  does  feel  proud  of  its  brave  boys  who  went  in  at  the  beginning 
and  fought  it  out  on  that  line. 


'O 


ODELL   TOWNSHIP. 

Perhaps  but  few  better  illustrations  of  what  resolution,  energy  and  industry 
will  accomplish  can  be  found  than  that  displayed  by  the  rise  and  progress  of  the 
town  of  Odell. 

But  a  quarter  of  a  century  has  passed  since  the  first  stroke  was  made  which 
has  proved  to  be  the  foundation  of  what  is  now,  in  intelligence,  wealth  and 
thrift,  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  county.  Twenty-five  years,  when  looked  at 
retrospectively,  seems  but  a  short  period  of  time ;  but  the  changes  which  it  has 
brought,  not  only  to  this  community  but  to  the  country  in  general,  are  remark- 
able. A  quarter  of  a  century  has  seen  what  was  literally  "a  desert  waste" 
changed  into  a  series  of  well-cultivated  farms  and  gardens.  Where  then  roamed 
the  wild  deer  by  the  hundred,  and  skulked  the  wolf,  unscared,  now  graze  the 
less   romantic   ox   and   the  more*  practical   pig    and    other   domestic  animals. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  359 

Where  now  stands  the  prosperous  and  beautiful  little  city,  with  its  well-built 
and  tasty  residences,  its  lines  of  stores  and  shops,  its  churches  and  school 
houses,  and  tall  trees,  shading  its  well-kept  streets,  was  then — simply  nothing 
but  the  tall  grass ;   not  even  enough  more  to  fill  out  a  well-rounded  sentence. 

The  history  of  Odell  and  the  township  dates  back  no  further  than  to  the 
completion  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  k  St.  Louis  Railroad.  In  fact,  we  may  say 
the  railroad  is,  in  eveisy  sense  of  the  word,  the  foundation  of  the  town  and  its  sur- 
roundings. Not  only  so,  but  that  the  whole  country  through  which  it  passes 
owes  its  development  to  this  enterprise  is  a  fact  acknowledged  and  accepted 
by  every  one  acquainted  with  the  circumstances. 

In  1854,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  small  and  unthrifty  villages,  there  was 
scarcely  a  human  habitation  between  Joliet  and  Bloomington.  Further  west, 
the  Illinois  River  had  attracted  many  immigrants,  and  the  smaller  streams,  with 
their  belts  of  timber,  had  begun  to  show  signs  of  settlement ;  but  on  account 
of  the  scarcity  of  fuel  and  lumber,  none  dared  or  even  seemed  to  think  of  locat- 
ing on  the  prairie.  But  when  the  road  was  completed,  these,  together  with  all 
kinds  of  conveniences  common  to  the  oldest  settlements,  appeared  at  once,  and 
there  was  nothing  that  money  or  produce  could  buy  but  was  immediately  fur- 
nished. 

When  we  reflect  that  all  of  these  houses,  all  of  the  stone,  brick  and  lumber 
of  which  they  are  composed,  all  of  the  fences,  all  of  the  orchards  in  their  pri- 
mary state,  all  of  the  agricultural  and  mechanical  implements,  together  with 
their  equivalents  in  the  shape  of  grain,  cattle,  hogs,  butter,  eggs  and  poultry, 
have  been  transferred  bv  a  single  line  of  road,  and  remember  that  this  is  onlv 
a  single  point  out  of  several  hundreds,  we  begin  to  realize  the  extent  and  impor- 
tance of  this  grand  scheme. 

In  1847,  the  Legislature  of  the  State  of  Illinois  passed  an  act  authorizing 
the  building  of  a  railroad  from  Alton  to  Springfield,  to  be  called  the  Alton  k 
Sangamon  Raih'oad;  and,  in  1851,  the  charter  was  so  amended  as  to  include  a 
line  to  Bloomington,  to  which  place  it  was  completed  the  following  year. 

Also,  in  1851,  the  Legislature  granted  a  charter  for  the  building  of  what 
was  known  as  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  extending  from  Chicago, 
by  way  of  Joliet,  to  Bloomington,  thus  completing  a  through  line  from  Chicago 
to  St.  Louis.  The  road  was  finished  through  this  county  in  1854,  and  the  first 
train  passed  through  on  the  4th  day  of  July.  The  road,  in  its  early  years, 
suflFered  many  reverses  and  drawbacks ;  but,  under  its  later  management,  by 
steady  and  enduring  perseverance  and  a  liberal  course  toward  its  patrons,  thus 
gaining  their  hearty  co-operation,  the  line  has  become  the  most  important  and 
wealthy  in  the  State,  being  placed  alone  by  the  Railroad  Commissioners,  in 
their  apportionment,  in  Class  A. 

As  soon  as  it  was  definitely  known  that  a  town  was  to  be  located  here,  settle- 
ments began  immediately  to  be  made,  not  only  with  a  view  of  being  within  the 
limits  of  the  village,  but,  also,  of  opening  farms.      Indeed,  the  prospect  of  the 


360  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

• 

road  had  been  a  sufficient  incentive  to  speculation  ;  and  the  charter  had  no  more 
than  been  obtained  when  crowds  of  speculators  were  attracted  hither,  and  within 
the  three  years  1852—5,  almost  all  of  the  land  of  this  township  was  entered. 
Scarcely  a  whole  section  was  taken  Avitli  a  view  to  improvement,  but  was 
entered  and  held  for  a  rise  in  the  market,  which  was  sure  to  follow  the  comple- 
tion of  the  railroad.  In  this  the  speculators  were  not  mistaken  ;  and  the  town- 
ship of  Odell  is  to-day  represented  by  but  few  persons  who  were  the  original 
purchasers  of  the  land. 

As  the  immediate  point  of  attraction  for  this  vicinity  was  the  station,  so  the 
first  settlements  were  made,  quite  naturally,  as  close  to  it  as  circumstances 
would  allow.  The  land  on  which  the  town  of  Odell  has  subsequently  been 
built  was  owned,  primarily,  by  James  C.  Spencer  and  Henry  A.  Gardner. 
They  purchased  the  land  of  the  Government  May  4,  1853,  exactly  a  quarter  of 
a  century  previous  to  this  writing.  Spencer  owned  the  north  half  of  the  quar- 
ter section,  and  Gardner  the  south  half  Of  this,  Spencer  sold,  September  3, 
1853,  his  land  to  William  H.  Odell,  after  whom  the  town  of  Odell  was  named, 
and  who  subsequently  became  one  of  the  joint  proprietors  of  the  town.  On  the 
7th  of  June,  1855,  Gardner  and  Odell  exchanged  deeds  of  their  undivided  half 
interests  in  their  respective  pieces  of  land,  and  thus  became  equal  partners  in 
the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  10,  which  embraced  all  of  the  original  town  of 
Odell.  A  short  time  after  this,  June  26,  1855,  S.  S.  Morgan,  who  has,  per- 
haps, had  more  to  do  with  the  early  growth  and  development  of  the  town  and 
township  than  any  other  man,  purchased  the  interest  of  Odell ;  and  by  Morgan, 
and  for  him  and  Henry  A.  Gardner,  the  plat  of  the  town  was  made. 

The  town  was  surveyed  and  platted  by  Thomas  F.  Norton,  Deputy  County 
Surveyor,  August  10,  1856,  the  proprietors  having  previously  conveyed  to  the 
Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad  Company  fifty  feet  on  each  side  of  the  railroad 
track,  extending  through  the  whole  quarter  section.  Thus  was  the  town  firmly 
fixed,  and  the  attention  of  emigrants  consequently  turned  to  this  quarter. 

For  a  year  after  the  switch  was  located,  the  only  inhabitants  of  the  place 
were  the  few  employes  of  the  road  who  attended  the  station  and  the  water  tank 
and  who  were  engaged  in  keeping  the  track  in  order.  Of  these,  Daniel  Smith, 
from  New  York,  was  the  first  agent ;  and,  as  a  post  office  was  established  about 
this  time,  he  received  the  appointment  of  Postmaster.  Mr.  Morgan,  thougli  at 
the  time  a  resident  of  Joliet,  alternated  between  that  point  and  this ;  and  when 
Smith  was  superseded  by  J.  H.  Link  (formerly  of  Canada)  as  Station  Agent, 
Morgan  was  appointed,  by  James  Buchanan,  as  Postmaster.  Though  Morgan 
was  principal,  yet  Link,  acting  as  deputy,  had  charge  of  the  mails  ;  and  he  also 
brought  on  a  few  goods  and  kept  them  for  sale  in  the  station  house. 

In  the  meantime,  David  Williams,  from  the  town  of  New  Michigan,  had 
come  to  the  place  and  erected  a  little  shanty  and  displayed  a  few  basketfuls  of 
groceries  and  notions.  He  was,  however,  a  chronic  grumbler  and  chronically 
sick,  and  stayed  but  a  few  months  and  returned  to  New  Michigan. 


HISTORY'  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  361 

About  the  time  of  Williams'  exit,  S.  W.  Cuitiss,  of  Kendall  County,  estab- 
lished a  general  store  in  the  warehouse  that  been  erected  by  the  Railroad  Com- 
pany.     Curtiss  did  not  make  this  his  home,  but  employed  S.  P.  Lundgren,  of 
the  same  county,  and  known  to  the  people  of  Odell  as  "  Peter,"  to  take  charge. 
Link,    having   become    disgusted  with  the  store  business,  and  also  with  the 
annoyance  from  the  care  of  the  mails,  was  anxious  to  turn  these  two  branches 
of  business  over  to  other  parties,  and  in  this  connection,  the  following  incident 
is  related  :     Lundgren  says  that  when  he  stepped  off  the  train,  on  his  first  arrival 
in  the  Winter  of  1856-7,  he  was  eyed  sharply  by  Link  (much  after  the  manner 
of  other  lynx),  who  asked  him  if  he  was  not  the  man  Avho  was  to  have  the  post 
office.      Lundgren  replied  that  he  was  an  entire  stranger,  and  that  he  was  cer- 
tain that  no  such  arrangement  had  been  made.      He  Avas  then  questioned  as  to 
Avliat  his  business  was  at  the  place.     Lundgren  acknowledged  that  he  had  come 
to  take  charge  of  business  for  S.  W.  Curtiss,  but  had  not  yet  had  any  instruc- 
tion as  to  the  location  of  the  store.     Link  then  turned  to  the  station  house,  and, 
taking  the  bag  in  which  .he  had  just  received  the  mail,  began  crowding  into  its  open 
mouth,  indiscriminately,  papers,  books,  letters  and  everything  pertaining  to  the 
office,  remarking  the  while  that  he  knew  this   was  the  man,  and,  having  com- 
pleted his  packing,  handed  him  the  bag.     Lundgren,  however,  protested  that  he 
was  neither  appointed  nor  qualified,  and  that  he  could  not  accept  it;  upon  which, 
Link  gently  pushed  him  from  the  door,  throwing  the  post  office  after  him,  and 
no  amount  of  argument  or  persuasion  could  induce  him  to  again  permit  it  to  be 
placed  in  his  possession.     Lundgren  says  that,  in  this  instance,  he  verily  felt 
that  the  "  office  was  seeking  the  man  "  with  a  vengeance.      After  deliberatino- 
upon  the  matter  a  few  minutes,  and  concludino;  that  there  could  be  nothino- 
criminal  in  caring  for  that  which  was  in  a  fair  way  of  being  lost  or  destroyed, 
Lundgren  picked  up  the  office  and,  with  it  on  his  shoulder,  proceeded  to  hunt 
up  his  other  mission,  which,  in  due  course  of  time,  he  found.     A  few  days  after 
installing  himself  as  manager  of  the  store — there  being  no  Justice  of  the  Peace 
or  other  officer  qualified  to  administer  an  oath  in  the  neighborhood — he  pro- 
ceeded to  Mud  Creek,  where  resided  one  of  those  worthies,  and  took  the  oath 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and,  as  Deputy  Postmaster, 
to  transact  the  business  of  the  office  according  to  the  rules  and  edicts  of  the 
head  of  the  department. 

At  this  time,  there  v^'ere,  besides  those  already  mentioned,  but  four  families. 
Thomas  Lyons  was  an  employe  of  the  railroad  company,  and  pumped  water  for 
the  tank.  One  night,  while  in  the  performance  of  his  duty,  he  discovered  a 
colored  fugitive  concealing  himself  in  the  building.  The  fellow  had  evidently 
mistaken  the  newly  built  railroad  for  a  branch  of  the  "underground,"  and  this 
point  as  one  of  the  "stations."  Lyon  reported  the  discovery  to  S.  S.  Morgan, 
who  says  that  he  found  the  poor  fellow  in  a  bad  plight.  He  was  ragged  and 
sore,  and  his  feet  were  torn  and  lacerated,  and  were  bound  up  with  some  old 
rags  tied  on  with  strips  of  hickory  bark,  and  he  looked  as  though  he  were  more 


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364 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


of  the  town,  this  was  a  large  amount  to  appropriate  for  that  purpose,  but  it 
proved  to  be  only  the  beginning  of  a  very  extensive  scheme  for  making  the 
liighways  of  tlnis  township  the  best  in  the  county.  During  the  year,  petitions 
were  presented  and  granted,  for  the  laying  out  of  thirty-eight  miles  of  new 
road;  and,  almost  every  year  since,  large  appropriations  have  been  made  for 
their  construction  and  improvement.  In  some  instances,  as  much  as  $5,000  has 
been  appropriated  for  that  purpose.  As  a  result  of  this  wise  course,  Odell  is 
the  greatest  grain  market  in  the  county ;  and,  with  two  or  three  exceptions,  the 
greatest  on  the  road. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  votes  cast,  and  the  names  of  the 
succeeding  Supervisors  and  Clerks  to  the  present  time: 


DATE. 


1858. 

18o9. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 


VOTES. 

CLERK. 

SUPERVISOR. 

23 

A.  A.  Streator. 

S.  S.  Morgan. 

32 

A.  A.  Streator. 

John  Harbison. 

38 

A.  A.  Streator. 

Samuel  Hoke. 

53 

A.  A.  Streator. 

H.  F.  Hamlin. 

63 

E.  Williams. 

A.  Aerl. 

76 

J.  D.  Curtiss. 

B.  F.  Hotciikiss. 

58 

.1.  D.  Curtiss. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

1         ^^ 

S.  H.  Penny. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

131 

S.  H.  Penny. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

160 

S.  H.  Penny. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

1       154 

.John  Keeder. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

!      212 

John  Reeder. 

B.  F.  Hotchkiss. 

1       268 

B.  F.  Pound. 

Stephen  Wooley. 

212 

B.  F.  Pound. 

Stephen  Wooley. 

301 

B.  F.  Pound. 

John  McWilliams. 

130 

B.  F.  Pound. 

L.  G.  Green. 

V30 

B.  F.  Pound. 

Michael  Cleary. 

292 

B.  F.  Pound. 

Michael  Cleary. 

340 

C.  A.  Vincent. 

Michael  Cleary. 

881 

C.  A.  Vincent. 

Michael  Cleary. 

238 

C.  A.  Vincent. 

Michael  Clearv. 

The  names  of  the  balance  of  the  officers  for  1878  are :  A.  G.  Goodspeed, 
for  this  and  the  last  eleven  years.  Assessor;  G.  W.  Abbaduska,  Collector;  C. 
N.  Coe  and  J.  D.  Pound,  Justices  of  the  Peace  ;  T.  D.  Thompson  and  E. 
Debraie,  Constables  ;  Z.  Supplee,  School  Treasurer :  S.  S.  Morgan,  J.  JST.  Moore 
and  C.  W.  Barber,  Road  Commissioners. 

It  will  doubtless  be  noticed  that  "rotation  in  office,"  "third  term"  and  like 
phrases  could  not  have  entered  largely  into  politics  in  this  town,  the  main  ques- 
tion being  the  fitness  of  the  man  for  the  position.  B.  F.  Hotchkiss,  whose 
name  appears  seven  times  as  Supervisor,  Avas  a  man  eminently  qualified  for  such 
a  position,  and  so  highly  was  he  appreciated  by  the  Board,  that,  while  he  con- 
tinued in  office,  he  was  honored  as  their  presiding  officer.  A.  G.  Goodspeed 
has  been  Assessor  so  long,  and  knows  so  well  what  everybody  is  possessed  of, 
that  he  can  almost  perform  the  duties  without  leaving  his  office.  S.  S.  Morgan, 
who  has  had  much  to  do  with  building  the  fine  roads  in  this  and  adjoining 
townships,  has  held  the  office  of  Road  Commissioner  for  nineteen  years. 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  367 

The  first  grain  was  shipped  from  the  station  in  1855.  by  James  Henry. 
This  grain  was  not  handled  bv  anv  dealer,  but  was  loaded  from  the  wagons 
directly  into  the  cars,  and  this  continued  to  be  the  principal  method  of  disposing 
of  the  products  of  the  farm  until  1861.  when  L.  E.  Kent,  of  Pontiac,  built  the 
elevator  now  occupied  by  C.  A.  Vincent.  Prior  to  this,  the  only  convenience 
for  handling  grain,  beside  the  direct  transfer  from  the  wagon  to  the  car,  was  a 
small  board  shanty  that  had  been  in  use  by  various  persons  and  for  various 
purposes,  and  the  Kent  elevator  was  considered  a  fine  addition  to  the  business 
facilities  of  the  place.  A.  Aerl,  who  had  come  from  Pontiac  two  years  before, 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  elevator,  and  continued  in  the  grain  business  for 
some  years.  J.  B.  Curtiss  also  built,  about  the  same  time,  the  elevator  occu- 
pied until  recently  by  Z.  Supplee.  In  1866,  J.  tfc  W.  Hossack  erected  their 
fine  elevator,  which,  for  capacity  and  convenience  for  handling  grain,  has  few 
superiors  in  the  State.  The  cost  of  the  building  was  823.000;  it  is  sixty  feet 
in  Avidth  and  ninety  in  length,  and  has  a  capacity  of  60.000  bu.shels.  Messrs.  J. 
k  W.  Hossack  buy  annually  700,000  bushels,  and  have  handled,  some  years, 
over  1.000,000  bushels. 

The  first  school  taught  in  the  township  was  organized  in  the  dwelling  house 
of  Joseph  French,  in  1857.  The  school  was  taught  by  Mrs.  H.  H.  Robinson, 
and  consisted  of  seven  pupils.  By  the  next  year,  1858,  there  were  two  schools 
in  the  township,  and  the  number  of  scholars  in  both  was  twenty-eight. 

That  the  reader  may  be  able  to  lealize  the  growth  of  the  system  in  the 
township,  a  few  statistics  are  presented :  * 


No.  of  Children 
under  21  years. 

No.  of  Scholars 
in  attendance. 

No.  of 
Schools. 

1858 

65 
486 
968 

24 
150 
490 

o 

1860 

1877 

3 
0 

The  following  additional   items  will   prove  interesting,  ^s  indicating  more 
fully  the  state  of  schools  at  the  present  time : 

Number  of  schools f» 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled 400 

Number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 637 

Number  of  persons  under  21 968 

Number  of  teachers  in  the  township 15 

Whole  amount  paid  for  teachers'  wages $4,191  00 

Amount  raised  for  school  purposes  by  special  tax .'.....  4.840  00 

Principal  of  township  fund 7,184  00 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  the  schools   have  kept  pace  with  the 
other  enterprises. 

VILLAGE    OF    ODELL. 

After  the  survej'ing  and  platting  of  the  village,  alluded  to  on  another  page, 
the  lots  were  offered  for  sale,  and  many  of  the  best  were  purchased  for  S20  to 


368  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

|30  each.  The  business  lots,  first  sold,  almost  all  went  at  the  former  price. 
At  first,  the  east  side  of  the  square  seemed  to  be  the  favorite  place  for  business, 
and  the  first  respectable  sized  store  building  erected  was  the  one  into  whicli 
Curtiss  &  Dewey  moved  their  goods  after  leaving  the  warehouse. 

This  buildino-  still  stands  on  the  corner,  just  south  of  Hossack's  ofiice,  and 
is  occupied  as  a  saloon.  But  gradually  the  west  side  of  the  square  built  up  ; 
and  as  the  newer  buildings,  owing  to  a  demand  for  more  commodiousstore  rooms, 
were  larger  and  better,  the  east  side,  to  some  extent,  fell  behind,  its  smaller 
buildings  serving  the  purpose  of  shops  and  the  smaller  class  of  trade.  Espe- 
ciallv  was  this  noticeable  when,  in  1867,  Wm.  Strawn  erected  the  hotel,  Avith  a 
number  of  convenient  store  rooms.  At  the  time  of  its  erection,  it  was  consid- 
ered, as  it  really  was,  the  finest  hotel  in  the  county.  The  hotel  drew  about  it, 
at  once,  a  number  of  business  men ;  and,  ever  since,  the  west  side  has  had  the  lead. 

We  left  the  post  office  on  the  hands,  or  rather  on  the  shoulders,  of  Peter 
Lundo-ren.  S.  S.  Morgan  was,  at  that  time.  Postmaster  ;  but,  as  soon  as  the 
duties  of  the  office  became  such  as  to  need  careful  attention,  he,  too,  turned  it 
over  to  other  parties.  His  successors  have  been  as  follows  :  John  Williams,  A. 
A.  Streator,  S.  H.  Putnam,  H.  G.  Challis,  S.  H.  Putnam  and  the  present  effi- 
cient incumbent,  S.  H.  Hunt,  who  was  appointed  in  1869,  and  has  held  the 
office  continuously  ever  since. 

As  already  intimated,  Rev.  I.  T.  Whittemore  held  the  first  church  service 
in  the  town.  After  a  few  services  had  been  held  in  the  station,  a  carpenter  shop 
was  erected  by  Seyftiour  &  Ni(*liols,  who,  by  the  way,  were  the  first  resident 
carpenters  in  the  place ;  and  in  their  shop  services  were  conducted  for  a  while. 
The  people  all  worshiped  together,  and  sect  and  denomination  Avere  scarcely 
thought  of,  but  all  were  glad  of  the  privilege  of  hearing  the  Gospel  preached, 
even  in  a  carpenter  shop.  When,  in  1858,  the  school  house  was  built,  they 
were  more  comfortably  situated.  Mr.  Whittemore  continued  to  minister  to  the 
people,  and  with  such  acceptance  that,  in  1862,  the  Congregational  Society  was 
organized.  Among  the  original  members  Avere  Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  F.  Hotch- 
kiss,  Mary  P.  Camp,  Mrs.  A.  R.  Morgan,  Mrs.  Polly  Robinson,  Mrs.  Sarah 
Lucas,  Mrs.  S.  C.  Putnam. 

In  1866,  the  society,  having  increased  very  considerably  in  numbers  and 
Avealth,  and  being  desirous  of  possessing  a  house  of  Avorship  which  they  might 
feel  was  their  "religious  home,"  erected  their  present  neat  and  substantial 
church  building.  The  house  is  thirty-eight  feet  in  Avidth  and  sixty  in  length, 
and  cost  the  society  ^8,000.  At  the  time  of  its  erection.  Rev.  L.  Leonard  was 
Pastor  of  the  congregation.  He  Avas  a  man  of  much  energy  and  influence,  and 
it  was  largely  due  to  his  zeal  and  management  that  the  enterprise  was  begun. 

The  society  is  in  quite  a  healthy  condition,  and  is  increasing  in  numbers  and 
influence.     Rev.  J.  Allen  is  the  present  Pastor. 

The  history  of  the  Methodist  Church  of  Odell  is  very  similar,  in  many 
respects,   to  that  of   the  Congregational   just  given.       The   tAvo   societies — or 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  369 

rather  the  two  peoples — worshiped  together  in  the  depot,  in  the  carpenter  shop, 
and  in  the  school  house.  Both  organized  about  the  same  time,  and  held  ser- 
vices alternately  in  the  scliool  house,  and  both  built  their  houses  of  worship  the 
same  year.  The  Rev.  Thomas  Cotton,  a  man  whose  influence  in  social  and 
religious  matters  in  Livingston  County  has,  perhaps,  been  as  great  as 
that  of  any  other  man  of  like  profession  who  ever  resided  in  its  limits,  organ- 
ized the  church  in  1860.  The  prosperity  of  the  society  has  been  (juite  marked. 
Beginning  Avith  a  very  few,  they  have  grown  in  numbers  until  at  present  the 
church  consists  of  130  members  ;  and,  though  laboring  under  the  disadvantages 
of  hard  times,  high  material  and  expensive  labor,  erected,  in  1866-67,  their 
present  tasty  and  commodious  house  of  worship.  It  is  fifty-six  feet  in  length 
and  thirty-six  in  width,  and  cost  $6,000.    The  present  Pastor  is  Rev.  W.  P.  Graves. 

In  connection  with  the  church  is  a  very  flourishing  Sunday  School,  under 
the  supervision  of  M.  Torabaugh. 

The  Catholics  of  this  place,  in  18T5,  completed  a  very  large  house  of  wor- 
ship. It  is  forty  feet  in  width  by  eighty-six  in  length,  and  cost  $5,300.  The 
society  consists  of  about  120  families.  The  parish  is  in  charge  of  Rev.  Ber- 
nard Boylan. 

The  citizens  of  Odell  justly  pride  themselves  on  their  excellent  schools.  In 
the  selection  of  teachers,  they  have  always  been  very  successful ;  and  during 
the  eight  years  ending  with  1873,  the  Odell  school,  with  one  exception,  pre- 
pared more  teachers  than  any  other  school  in  the  county. 

The  Board  of  School  Directors,  as  now  constituted,  are :  S.  S.  Morgan,  T. 
0.  Bannister  and  James  Funk.  Teachers  :  W.  W.  Lockwood  and  Misses  Craw- 
ford, Graves,  Pound  and  Bell. 

The  society  of  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.  was  constituted  as  Odell  Lodge,  No.  401, 
Oct.  5th,  1864.  The  charter  members  were  L.  H.  Cordry,  E.  G.  Putnam,  Z. 
Supplee,  who  were  the  first  three  principal  officers.  The  charter  was  granted 
by  Thomas  J.  Turner,  Grand  Master.  The  Lodge  numbers  at  present  sixty 
members.  Odell  Chapter  was  chartered  by  John  M.  Pearson,  High  Priest, 
Oct.  7,  1870.  The  charter  was  granted  to  Z.  Supplee,  A.  E.  Gammon,  John 
E.  Williams,  A.  B.  Dunlap,  A.  P.  Wright,  J.  Martin,  C.  H.  Ellenwood,  R. 
G.  Morton,  J.  Ford,  Charles  Finefield,  E.  Williams,  A.  G.  Goodspeed,  J.  B. 
Garwood,  H.  H.  Hill  and  R.  B.  Harrington.  Elisha  Williams  was  first  High 
Priest;  Z.  Supplee,  King,  and  J.  E.  Williams,  Scribe.  The  present  principal 
officers  are:  R.  G.  Morton,  High  Priest;  D.  A.  Walden,  King;  Joel  Kidder, 
Scribe :   J.  F.  Trowbridge,  Secretary,  and  J.  A.  Hunter,  Treasurer. 

Company  B,  Tenth  Regiment  Illinois  National  Guards,  regimental  head- 
quarters at  Dwight,  was  organized  June  25,  1876.  J.  F.  Trowbridge  is 
Captain  ;  E.  M.  Vaughn,  First  Lieutenant  ;  J.  L.  Trowbridge,  Second 
Lieutenant :  Wm.  T.  Angell,  Orderly.  The  company,  as  now  constituted, 
contains,  besides  the  officers,  fifty-three  enlisted  men,  fully  equipped,  uniformed 
and  armed  with  needle  guns. 


370  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Odell  Lodge,  No.  464,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  chartered  by  Thomas  B.  Needles, 
Grand  Master,  Oct.  10,  1871,  and  instituted  by  N.  J.  Pillsbury,  Deputy  Grand. 
Master.  The  charter  members  were  J.  A.  Hunter,  W.  Dalley,  E.  P.  Utley, 
Jerry  Clay  and  I.  H.  Scovell.  B.  F.  Pound  was  installed  first  N.  G.;  N.  E. 
Wright,  V.  G.;  A.  P.Wright,  Rec.  Sec;  J.  A.  Hunter,  Treas.  The  present 
officers  are  :  I.  H.  Scovell,  N.  G.;  E.  DeBriae,  Y.  G.;  J.  M.  Beck,  Rec.  Sec: 
T.  0.  Bannister,  Per.  Sec;   G.  Z.  T.  Kenyon,  Treas. 

Several  attempts  have  been  made  to  establish  a  newspaper  at  this  point,  but 
with  indifierent  success.  Owing  to  various  circumstances,  previous  to  1877, 
enterprises  of  this  kind  have  failed.  But,  during  the  year  named,  J.  H.  Warner, 
realizing  that  the  time  had  come  when  a  paper  was  really  needed,  established 
the  Odell  Herald,  which  bids  fair  to  become  one  of  the  popular  publications  of 
the  county.  Merchants  and  other  business  men  are  beginning  to  realize  that, 
to  succeed  in  business,  they  must  let  their  patrons  know  what  they  are  doing, 
and,  consequently,  must  invest  in  printer's  ink. 

A  TRUE  STORY  OF  CHARLEY  ROSS. 

Though  but  little  given  to  sensations,  the  town  of  Odell  has  had  enacted 
within  its  limits  a  little  drama  which,  at  the  time,  created  the  most  intense 
excitement ;  and  to  this  time,  by  many  of  the  citizens  who  had  the  most  ample 
means  of  knowing  the  facts,  it  is  confidently  believed  that  some  of  the  persons 
connected  with  the  Charley  Ross  abduction,  together  with  the  child  in  question, 
were  the  persons  who  figure  in  the  folloAving  story :  During  the  Summer  of 
1874,  a  woman,  giving  her  name  as  Hannah  Cole,  arrived  at  Odell,  bringing 
with  her  a  child  of  five  or  six  years  of  age,  and  Avhom  she  called  Jimmy  Hen- 
derson. She  was  a  stranger  to  the  people  of  Odell ;  but  subsequent  events 
proved  her  to  be  a  relative  of  George  W.  Murkins,  who  lived  just  south  of  town, 
and  with  whom  she  took  up  her  residence  for  a  time.  A  few  weeks  later, 
another  stranger,  calling  himself  Lewis  Dungan,  arrived  from  Philadelphia, 
bringing  another  little  boy,  who,  as  afterward  remembered,  very  much  resem- 
bled the  descriptions  given  of  the  abducted  Charley  Ross.  Dungan  also  went 
to  Murkins'  to  reside.  This,  as  will  be  remembered,  was  just  after  the 
abduction  had  occurred,  and  the  $20,000  reward  had  been  oifered  for  the  return 
of  the  missing  child.  Some  of  the  children  at  Murkins'  had  heard  the  older 
ones  of  the  family  speak  of  $20,000  that  Dungan  was  expecting  to  get  from 
the  East ;  and  this  item,  which  soon  became  known  to  some  of  the  neighbors, 
together  Avith  certain  other  suspicious  movements,  excited  apprehensions  which 
led  to  a  quiet  investigation  of  the  matter.  The  inquiry,  though  conducted 
quietly,  was  evidently  not  unobserved  by  Dungan,  for  he  seemed  to  take  alarm,  and 
procuring  a  close  carriage,  and  tying  the  child  up  in  a  bag,  and  placing  him 
under  the  seat,  started  at  dark  for  Ottawa.  Near  Streator,  they  are  known  to 
have  stopped  and  camped  in  the  woods  until  near  morning,  when  they  again 
pursued  their  journey  to   Ottawa.       Here  Dungan  is  known  to  have  stopped 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  371 

Avith  a  man  by  the  name  of  Tarr,  who.  as  has  since  been  ascertained,  was  an 
ex-convict  of  the  Pennsylvania  penitentiary,  and  a  former  confederate  of  the 
notorious  Mosher  who  was  shot  in  New  York  and  who  asserted  that  his  accom- 
plice in  that  last  burglary  was  one  of  the  abductors  of  Charley  Ross.  It  is 
believed  that  Dungan  transferred  the  child  to  Tarr,  and  that  he  took  him  to 
St.  Louis,  where  he  was  lost  sight  of  It  is  known  that,  immediately  on 
Dungan's  arrival  at  Tarr's,  he  (Tarr)  left  Ottawa,  having  expi'essed  his  baggage 
to  Peoria,  in  care  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Webster,  and  from  there  the  baggage  was  expressed 
to  Bloomington,  in  care  of  Madame  Webster,  and  thence  to  St.  Louis,  in  care 
of  Mrs.  Webster.  While  the  baggage  was  at  the  express  office  in  St.  Louis,  a 
party  appeared,  desiring  to  open  one  of  the  trunks.  Procuring  therefrom  a 
suit  of  child's  clothing,  the  party  stated  that  the  trunks  would  be  taken  away  in 
a  few  days;  but  they  were  never  removed,  by  the  owners,  from  the  office. 
Another  circumstance  Avhich  the  detectives  hoped  would  lead  to  a  clue  to  the 
mysterious  movements  (»f  the  parties  was  a  personal,  which  appeared  in 
the  St.  Louis  HepuhUeari,  which  read  as  follows:  "To  Christian  Ross, 
Philadelphia — Charley  will  be  given  up  for-  $'),000.  Answer."  Mr. 
Ross  did  answer,  accepting  the  proposition  ;  but  here  again,  either  from 
the  departure  of  the  persons  connected  with  the  matter,  or  from  appre- 
hension that  thev  were  being;  closelv  shadowed,  the  thread  was  broken  ; 
and,  Dungan  (avIio,  in  the  mean  time,  had  been  arrested  and  put  in  jail),  having 
had  his  trial  and  being  released,  the  detectives  gave  up  the  pursuit.  Reverting 
to  Dungan.  after  he  returned  from  Ottawa  he  was  arrested  and,  on  a  prelimi- 
nary examination,  was  held  for  b»il,  which  being  unable  to  give,  he  was  placed 
in  jail  to  aAvait  trial.  A  few  days  later,  he  was  tried,  but  no  positive  evidence 
appearing,  he  was  released.  He  subse(|uently  sued  S.  H.  Penny.  Solomon 
Bishop.  Henry  Curtis.  E.  F.  Bolter.  Reese  Jones,  C.  N.  Coe,  J.  J.  Halm, 
Carlos  Putnam,  A.  S.  Wisner  and  L.  Putnam,  for  ^50,000,  for  trespass  and 
false  imprisonment.  The  jury  found  the  first  three  parties  guilty  of  trespass 
and  allowed  the  plaintiff  damages  in  the  sum  of  one  cent  ! 

Though  not  marvelous  for  a  Western  town,  the   growth  and  prosperity  of 
Odell   has   been    not   only  satisfactory,  but   much  more  rapid  than    ordinary. 
From  a  population  of  about  one  hundred  in  1858,  the  town  has  grown  in  twenty 
years  to  a  real  little  city,  containing  at  least  1,000  inhabitants,  thus  showing 
an  increase,  in  this  respect,  of  nearly  100  per  cent,  every  six  years. 

From  a  few  loads  of  grain,  which  were  bought  on  the  track,  we  now  find 
about  1,500,000  bushels  forwarded  during  a  single  year. 

As  indicating  the  amount  of  business  done  at  this  place  during  the  3'ear  end- 
ing January  1, 1877,  the  following  items  have  been  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  N. 
S.  Hill.  Agent  of  the  C,  A.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.,  at  this  place  : 

Amount  received  from  freights  forwarded $30,647.73 

Amount  received  from  freights  received 14,638.26 

Amount  received  from  sales  of  tickets 4.863.80 

Total $50,149.79 


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374  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Agent,  which  positions  he  held  for  a  number  of  years.  C.  N.  Coe,  brother  of 
J.  H.,  was  the  first  Station  Agent,  being  appointed  in  the  yeat  1856.  He  also 
bought  the  first  grain  shipped  from  this  place,  during  the  same  year.  Grain 
was  handled  in  a  small  warehouse  which  had  been  built  by  Weed,  the  original 
proprietor  of  the  town. 

Eli  Pearson,  from  Ohio,  came  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  and  opened  a  fiirm  just 
east  of  the  village.  He  has  since  removed  to  the  township  of  Esmen,  where  he 
still  resides.      Hanford  Kerr  and  family,  from  the  same  State,  came  about  the 

same  date. 

Moses  Pearson  arrived  a  few  months  later,  and  opened  a  farm  east  of  the 

town. 

In  1856,  the  Fish  brothers,  C,  U.  Udell  and  Dr.  B.  J.  Bettleheim  arrived. 
The  last  named  was  an  eminent  scholar  and  a  learned  and  successful  physician. 
He  traveled  extensively  in  China,  Japan  and  other  countries.  In  1858,  he 
gave  a  series  of  lectures  at  Pontiac  on  his  Eastern  travels,  and  on  vai-ious  relig- 
ious subjects,  which  were  interesting  and  instructive  in  the  extreme. 

In  1857,  Wm.  Skinner,  Wm.  J.  Murphy  and  a  few  others  settled  in  the 
neighborhood.  Skinner  opened  the  farm  just  north  of  the  village,  where  he 
still  resides.  Murphy  started  a  broom  factory.  Mr.  Murphy  was  also  a 
preacher,  and  subsequently  removed  to  Pontiac,  Avhere  he  took  charge,  for  a 
time,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  While  at  Pontiac,  he  opened  the  nursery 
where  A.  W.  Kellogg  now  resides. 

In  1858,  Augustus  Coleman,  from  Troy,  Ohio,  came  in.  Coleman  was  a 
graduate  of  West  Point,  and,  on  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  returned  to 
Ohio,  organized  a  regiment  and  took  the  field.  He  was  afterward  promoted  to 
the  oflfice  of  Brigadier  General,  but  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Antietam. 

David  J.  Evans  opened  the  first  store  in  1857,  which  he  continued  about  a 
year,  when  he    closed  out    and  was  succeeded  in  the    business    by  John    F. 

Pickering. 

In  1862,  D.  Hunt  built  the  first  warehouse,  now  owned  and  operated  by  C. 
N.  Coe.  In  1868.  L.  E.  Kent,  of  Pontiac,  erected  the  one  now  operated  by 
him.  Though  the  village  compai-es  but  poorly  with  many  other  towns  of  the 
county,  the  business  done  here  is,  by  no  means  inconsiderable  as  will  be  seen 
by  the  following  items,  as  given  by  the  obliging  agent  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  k 

St.  Louis  Railroad,  Edwin  Chapman  : 

Amount  received  on  freight  forwarded,  1877 |  23,^0'J  00 

Amount  received  on  freight  received,  1877 1,644  74 

Amount  received  on  tickets  sold,  1877 '527  62 

Total  receipts , • ^  25,:^81  36 

DESCRIPTION  OF  ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 

Odell  Township  is  situated  north  of  the  center  of  the  county.  It  is  exactly 
six  miles  square  and  embraces  a  full  congressional  town,  and  is  described  as 
Town  29  north.  Range  6  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian.     It  is  cut  almost 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  375 

diagonally,  from  northeast  to  southwest,  by  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  portions.  With  the  exception 
of  a  branch  of  Deer  Creek,  which  takes  its  rise  and  flows  through  the  south- 
western portion  of  the  township  in  the  vicinity  of  Cayuga,  the  township  is  des- 
titute of  ruwning  streams,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  little  groves,  here  and 
there,  planted  by  the  owners  of  the  land,  is  also  destitute  of  timber.  The  soil 
is  of  a  very  rich  and  fertile  character,  and  well  adapted  to  the  raising  of  corn, 
immense  quantities  of  which  are  produced. 

AVOCA   TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  is  situated  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  or  south  of  the 
center,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Owego,  on  the  east  by  Pleasant  Ridge, 
on  the  south  by  Indian  Grove,  and  on  the  west  by  Eppard's  Point  Township. 
About  three-fourths  is  prairie  to  one-fourth  of  timbered  land,  while  the  surface 
is  gently  undulating,  and  better  adapted  to  agricultural  pursuits  than  many 
other  portions  of  the  county.  It  is  drained  by  the  Vermilion  River ;  the  con- 
fluence of  the  north  and  south  branches  is  near  the  center  of  the  township,  and 
their  margins  and  bottoms  afford  an  abundance  of  excellent  timber  for  all  farm 
and  building  purposes.  Avoca  is  known  as  Township  27  north,  Range  6  east 
of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  in  Avoca  Township  in  1830.  In  December 
of  that  year,  Isaac  Jourdan  made  a  claim  here,  upon  which  he  settled,  but  a 
few  days  before  the  commencement  of  the  "deep  snow."  He  came  from  Brown 
County,  Illinois,  but  whether  that  was  his  native  place  or  not  we  were  unable  to 
learn.  His  wife  was  the  first  white  woman  in  this  township.  William 
Popejoy,  John  liannaman  and  their  families  settled  in  this  neighborhood  on 
Christmas  Day  of  the  same  year,  and  but  a  week  or  two  after  Jourdan.  These 
latter  were  from  Ohio,  and  became  permanent  citizens.  This  constituted  the 
settlements  in  this  section  vq)  to  1832,  when  William  McDowell  came  to  the 
county  and  made  a  claim  upon  which  he  settled  in  May,  which  was  the  Spring 
of  the  Black  HaAvk  war.  He  left  his  old  home  in  Ohio  in  1828,  and  stopped  at 
La  Fayette,  Ind.,  on  account  of  school  facilities,  as  Illinois  (or  this  portion  of 
it)  Avas  then  beyond  the  confines  of  civilization.  He  remained  there  four  years, 
when  he  came  to  Livingston  County  and  settled  in  what  is  now  Avoca  Town- 
ship, as  noted  above,  in  the  Spring  of  the  Black. Hawk  war.  His  family  con- 
sisted of  five  sons  —  John,  Woodford  G.,  James,  Hiram  and  Joseph  B. 
McDowell,  and  one  daughter,  who  married  a  Mr.  Tucker.  They,  together 
with  John  McDowell,  still  live  in  Avoca ;  Woodford  G.  and  James  live  in 
Fairbury,  Hiram  is  in  Kansas,  and  Joseph  is  Register  of  the  Land  Office  at 
Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

Soon  after  the  settlement  of  the  McDowells,  vague  rumors  began  to  circulate 
through  the  sparsely  settled  community  in  regard  to  the  Black  Hawk  war, 
which  was  raging  north  of  their  settlement.     But   there   was   no   mail   nearer 


.376  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

than  Bloomington,  no  railroad  or  telegraph  lines,  and  news  facilities  were 
restricted  within  the  nari'owest  limits.  In  illustration  of  the  disadvantages 
under  which  they  lived  regarding  the  reception  of  news,  several  weeks  after  the 
McDowells  had  settled  in  their  new  home,  a  man  named  Phillips,  living  but  a 
mile  or  tAVO  distant,  in  what  is  now  Indian  Grove  Township,  was  out  hunting 
some  hogs  that  had  stra3'ed  away  from  him,  when  he  came  suddenly  upon  the 
McDowell  encampment,  and  the  astonishment  he  displayed  in  having  neighbors 
of  whose  proximity  he  was  ignorant  was  almost  equal  to  that  exhibited  by  Rob- 
inson Crusoe  when  he  discovered  the  footprints  on  his  lonely  island.  Rumors 
becoming  more  rife  of  the  Indians  and  Indian  outrages,  Mr.  McDowell  and 
some  of  his  neighbors  went  to  the  Kickapoo  town,  one  Sunday,  to  church,* 
Avhere  there  were  several  hundred  Indians,  and  their  suspicions  were  aroused  at 
the  absence  of  all  warriors  from  the  Indian  camp.  The  Kickapoos  informed 
them  that  the  Sacs  had  threatened  "to  come  and  kill  them  if  they  did  not  join 
them  in  the  war,"  and  advised  the  whites,  with  whom  they  were  on  the  most 
friendly  terms,  to  return  to  the  settlements  further  east.  This  so  alarmed  the 
little  colony  that,  after  considering  the  matter,  they  decided  to  return  to  the 
Wabash,  and  on  the  29th  of  May,  1832,  they  commenced  their  retreat  toward 
the  rising  sun.  Though  this  retreat  never  became  so  famed  in  history  as  that 
of  Bonaparte  from  Moscow,  yet  an  event  occurred  upon  the  route  worthy  of 
record  in  these  pages.  The  first  night  after  their  departure,  Mrs.  Jourdan,  who 
was  in  a  delicate  condition,  was  taken  sick,  and,  notwithstanding  their  haste  and 
fright,  the  party  agreed  to  stop  a  day  or  two,  on  her  account.  But,  the  next 
morning,  their  alarm  Avas  much  heightened  by  discovering  a  couple  of  Indians 
ride  up  and  take  a  survey  of  their  camp  froni  a  distant  elevation.  Believing 
that  an  attack  would  be  made,  and  notwithstanding  their  arms  consisted  of  but 
two  old  fowling  pieces,  they  nobly  resolved  to  stand  by  the  Jourdans.  Mrs. 
Jourdan.  however,  with  a  courage  and  resolution  worthy  of  a  Spartan  mother, 
made  up  her  mind  to  travel,  and  the  cavalcade  moved  on.  The  McDowells, 
who  had  a  large  "old  Pennsylvania  wagon-bed,"  surrendered  it  to  the  ladies, 
and  they  converted  it  into  a  kind  of  hospital  for  Mrs.  Jourdan,  and  all  through 
the  long  day  that  heroic  woman  bore  her  suffering  and  pain  without  a  murmur. 
The  next  morning,  and  the  second  after  starting  for  the  east,  she  was  delivered 
of  a  daughter,  which,  here  be  it  said,  grew  up  and  made  a  most  estimable  lady. 
Without  further  incident  worthy  of  note,  they  arrived  at  the  Indiana  settlement 
in  safety. 

In  the  Fall  of  1832,  after  the  storms  of  war  had  passed  by,  and  the  sun  of 
Black  Hawk  had  forever  set  on  the  plains  of  Illinois,  the  little  colony  returned  to 
their  claims  on  the  Vermilion  River,  where  they  made  permanent  settlements. 
The  mode  of  making  a  claim  in  those  days  was  by  "blazing"  it  out  in  the 
timber  or  staking  it  off  on  the  prairie.  The  land  was  not  surveyed  until  1833, 
and  every  man  squatted  where  it  suited  his  inclination,  providing  no  one  else 
had  preceded  him. 

*  A  missionary  had  established  a  cliurch  in  tlie  Indian  town. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  377 

Of  these  few  early  pioneers,  who  came  here  before  the  Black  Hawk  war  and 
who  sought  safety  in  flio;ht,  we  would  say,  before  passing  to  other  and  subse- 
•  juent  scenes,  that  Jourdan  remained  in  the  settlement  for  several  years,  then 
sold  out  his  claim  and  returned  to  the  southern  part  of  the  State,  from  whence 
he  came.  Popejoy  and  Hanneman  both  died  in  the  neighborhood,  the  Jatter 
soon  after  his  return  in  the  Fall  of  1832,  and  Avas  the  first  death  in  the  new 
settlement.  Mi-.  McDowell,  the  old  patriarch  of  all  the  McDowells, 
died  here  in  1834.  His  widow  remained  on  the  homestead ;  filled  the  place 
of  both  father  and  mother  toward  her  children,  and  died  in  1858  at  an 
advanced  age. 

Before  the  close  of  the  year  1832,  the  little  settlement  was  increased  by  the 
arrival  of  Charles  Brooks,  John  Wright  and  his  sister,  Mary  Ann  Wright,  who 
came  fiom  Indiana.  Brooks  was  related  to  Popejoy  and  Hannaman,  and  came 
our  perhaps  through  their  influence. 

M.  B.  Miller,  from  Cazenovia,  N.  Y.,  came  in  the  Spring  of  1833,  and 
bought  the  claim  of  Charles  Brooks,  upon  which  he  remained  for  a  few  years, 
when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Ottawa. 

In  the  Fall  of  the  same  year,  Piatt  Thorn,  from  Western  New  York, 
settled  in  this  section,  but  he,  too,  after  a  time,  sold  out  and  went  to  Ottawa. 
About  the  same  time,  Isaac  Burgit  came  from  New  York  to  this  settlement, 
and,  like  the  other  New  Y^orkers,  finally  sold  out  and  likewise  removed  to 
Ottawa. 

A  young  man  named  Richard  L.  Ball,  ver^^  worthy  and  liighly  respected, 
came  out  with  Burgit.  After  remaining  in  the  settlement  some  ten  or  twelve 
years,  he  returned  to  his  home  in  New  York,  where  he  committed  suicide,  from 
what  cause  was  never  known. 

David  Terhune  and  a  man  named  Dean  came  from  New  Y^ork  in  1834. 
Terhune  bought  a  claim  from  Hanneman,  upon  which  he  settled,  while  Dean 
settled  near  by. 

Elijah  Thompson  came  from  Indiana,  in  18'33,  and  made  a  claim  in  this 
section.  Perhaps  no  man  Avho  had  settled  here  received  so  warm  and  hearty  a 
welcome  as  did  Thompson  ;  and  all  on  account  of  his  having  in  his  family  three 
very  accomplished  and  buxom  daughters,  who  were  the  first  marriageable  young 
ladies  in  the  settlement,  and  of  course  great  belles.  One  of  them  is  noticed 
elsewhere,  as  the  first  marriage  in  Avoca  Township.  Thompson  settled  on 
what,  after  the  lands  were  surveyed,  turned  out  to  be  the  school  section.,  and, 
after  the  survey  was  made,  sold  out  his  improvements  and  removed  "  over  on 
Kankakee,"  where,  so  far  as  we  know,  he  still  lives. 

Harrison  Flesher  came  from  the  Mackinaw  settlement,  in  1834,  and  made  a 
claim  in  this  township. 

Thomas  G.  McDowell,  a  younger  brother  of  Wra.  McDowell,  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  1848.  He  settled  out  on  the  prairie,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  timber, 
and  Avas  the  first  actual  settlement  made  outside  of  the  timber.     It  was  spoken 


378  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

of  in  considerable  wonderment,  and  the  people  used  to  say  that  '"  Uncle 
Tommy  McDowell  had  settled  away  out  on  the  prairie,"  which  was  looked  upon 
then  as  equivalent  to  being  "  out  of  creation."  He  states  that  when  he  came 
to  Avoca  there  were  but  three  settlements  between  the  Wabash  country  and  this 
place.  The  people  did  their  milling  at  Green's  mill,  on  the  Fox  River,  and 
their  "store  trading"  at  OttaAva.  His  first  trip  to  mill  was  to  the  one  above 
mentioned,  and  he  was  four  days  in  making  it.  He  contracted  to  take  twenty- 
five  bushels  of  grain  to  mill  and  have  it  ground  for  a  man  in  the  neighborhood, 
for  which  he  Avas  to  receive  fifty  bushels  of  corn,  worth  then  the  enormous  sum 
of  ten  cents  per  bushel. 

Nathan  Popejoy,  James  Blake  and  Col.  George  Johnson  came  from  Ohio. 
Popejoy  first  settled  in  Pontiac  Township,  where  he  remained  but  a  short  time, 
when  he  removed  to  this  section  and  made  a  permanent  settlement.  Blake 
settled  here  in  the  Spring  of  1836,  and  in  1852  moved  to  Iowa.  Col.  John- 
son settled  in  Avoca  in  1835,  and  died  in  1859.  He  had  served  in  the  War 
of  1812,  though  not  as  a  Colonel,  which  title  was  more  honorary  than 
otherwise.  He  took  quite  an  interest  in  fighting  his  battles  over  again, 
and  imitating  "noble  war"  in  drilling  the  militia,  and  thus  obtained  the 
military  title. 

Isaac  Wilson  and  James  Demoss  were  from  Indiana.  Wilson  settled  in  this 
section  in  1837,  where  he  resided  until  1853,  when  lie  removed  into  Pleasant 
Ridge  Township.  He  was  one  of  the  first  lot  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  elected 
after  the  formation  of  the  county,  and  has  served  as  such  ten  years,  altogether. 
He  is  still  living  in  Pleasant  Ridge.  Demoss  was  originally  from  Ohio,  but  had 
lived  for  some  years  in  Indiana  before  settling  in  Avoca  Township.  He  came 
to  the  toAvn  in  1844,  which  date  scarcely  admits  of  his  being  termed  an  '"old 
settler"  in  this  neighborhood,  where  settlements  extend  back  to  1830;  but 
his  numerous  descendants,  who  number  some  of  the  very  best  families  in  this 
section,  it  seems  meet  that  they  should  receive  notice  in  these  pages.  The  old 
gentleman  himself  is  dead,  but  has  left  behind  him  a  number  of  honorable  sons, 
whose  honesty  and  integrity  are  above  reproach. 

James  Glennin  came  from  Ireland,  in  1845,  and,  like  the  last  mentioned, 
hardly  ranks  as  an  old  settler.  He  was  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  sterling 
integrity,  and  his  word,  in  all  cases,  was  his  bond.  His  family,  too,  were  as 
conscientious  as  himself. 

The  first  white  child  born  in  what  is  now  Avoca  ToAvnship  was  Charles  A. 
Brooks,  a  son  of  Charles  Brooks,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  place,  and 
was  born  on  the  1st  day  of  July,  1833.  But  for  the  fright  occasioned  by  the 
Black  Hawk  war,  which  drove  the  few  pioneers  from  this  section  back  to  the 
Indiana  settlements.  Master  Brooks  would  have  been  preceded  some  thirteen 
months  by  the  little  Miss  Jourdan,  Avho  made  her  first  appearance  on  the  way 
back  to  civilization,  as  already  noticed,  and  which  event  prevented  her  being 
born  in  the  township. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  379 

The  first  marriage  was  that  of  Harvey  Rounsaville  and  Miss  Ann  Thomp- 
son, who  were  married  in  September,  1833. 

"  Will  you  trust  me,  Anna  dear? 

Walk  beside  me,  without  tear? 

May  I  carry,  if  I  will, 

All  youi  burdens  up  the  hill?" 

And  she  answered,  with  a  lanprh, 
"  No,  but  you  may  can-y  half." 

They  were  married  by  William  McDowell,  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  who  had 
been  elected  but  a  few  weeks  before,  and  this  was  his  first  official  act  in  tying 
matrimonial  knots.  Judge  McDowell  informed  us  that  his  father  was  very  much 
troubled  about  a  form  of  ceremony  to  use  on  the  momentous  occasion,  and  did 
not  know  Avhat  to  do  about  it.  But  his  Avife  came  to  his  rescue.  She  was  an 
ardent  Methodist,  and,  of  course,  possessed  a  Discipline,  which  she  presented 
to  her  husband.  From  this  book  he  committed  to  memory  the  entire  marriage 
ceremony  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  used  it  to  unite  these  two 
loving  hearts. 

John  Hannaman  died  in  the  Fall  of  1832,  just  after  the  return  of  the  set- 
tlers from  Indiana,  where  they  had  gone  to  escape  the  perils  of  the  Indian  war. 
This  is  one  of  the  first  deaths  in  the  county,  as  well  as  the  first  that  occurred 
in  this  township.  His  coffin  was  made  of  lumber,  split  out  of  a  walnut  tree, 
and  hewed  as  smooth  as  possible  with  an  a.xe.  Some  say  that  a  tree  was  cut 
down,  a  "•  cut  "  split  open  and  the  halves  dug  out  like  a  trough,  in  which  he  was 
put  as  a  coffin.     There  was  no  such  thing  then  in  this  section   of  the  country 

as  sawed  lumber. 

The  first  sermon   preached  in  Avoca  Townshi})  was  at  the  house  of  'Squire 

McDowell,  and  was  preached  by  Rev.  James  Eckels  in  the  Spring  of  1833. 

The  first  religious  society  was  organized  at  his  house  in  the  following  Fall,  by 

''Father  Royle,"  as  he  was  called,  and  one  of  the  pioneer  Methodist  preachers 

of  Illinois.     It  was  a  kind  of  mission,  and  was  embraced  in  the  old  preacher's 

circuit,  which    extended  from  the  Illinois   River  to  the   State   line,  and   from 

Ottawa  to  the   Mackinaw   River.     When  the  weather  was   favorable,  he  would 

make  his  round  in  four  weeks ;  but  in  bad  weather  was  delayed,  sometimes,  in 

reaching  his  appointments  on  time.     McDowell's  was  tlie  only  preaching  place 

in  the  settlement  until  the  era  of  school  houses.     Judge  McDowell  informed  us 

that,  although  his  mother  was  blind  for  twenty  yeax's  previous  to  her  death,  yet 

in  all  that  time  she   never  failed   to  have  her  house  put  in  order  for  church. 

Indeed,  from  all  accounts  to  be  had,  Mrs.  McDowell  seems  to  have  been  an 

extraordinary  woman.      Her  husband  died   in  1834,  and  left  her  in  an  almost 

unbroken  wilderness,  with  a  family  on  her  hands.     But  she  never  shrank  from 

her  trust,  or  sunk  down  in  despondency.     She  kept  her  family  together  until 

all  were  settled  in  life,  and  her  work  finished.     The  first  church  in  the  township 

owes  its  erection  principally  to  her  and  her  family.     It  was  built  in  1857,  and 

as  it  was  the  first  church  in  this  part  <)f  the  country,  it  was  named  by  Mrs. 


380  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

McDowell  the  "Pioneer  Methodist  Church,"  a  name  it  bears  to  this  day.  The 
edifice  is  32x50  feet,  sixteen  feet  to  the  ceiling,  a  good  frame,  and  cost  two 
thousand  dollars.  It  has  quite  an  interesting  history.  After  it  was  framed 
and  put  up,  and  two  sides  "weather-boarded"  in,  "the  winds  blew  and  the 
floods  came  and  beat  upon  that  house,  and  it  fell."  Literally  speaking, 
we  presume  it  was  not  founded  upon  a  rock,  but  upon  the  sand — or  soil. 
Any  way,  it  w^as  blown  down,  and  not  one  stone  or  stick  Avas  left  upon 
another.  They  Avent  to  Avork,  howcA^er,  with  rencAved  vigor.  A  subscription 
of  several  hundred  dollars  had  been  made,  and  after  the  disaster.  Judge  Mc- 
Dowell was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  work,  and  directed  to  push  it  for- 
ward to  completion.  He  had  but  little  of  the  money  that  had  been  subscribed, 
and  but  little  of  his  own,  as  he  informed  us,  yet  it  so  happened  that  never  was 
there  a  bill  presented  to  him,  for  Avork  or  material  for  the  church,  but  lie  had 
money  enough  on  hand  at  the  time  to  pay  it.  When  the  building  was  finished 
and  dedicated,  they  OAved  not  a  dollar,  except  to  him,  and  to  him  their  indebt- 
edness Avas  $1,400,  on  Avhich  they  agreed  to  pay  him  interest  until  the  debt 
was  discharged.  The  financial  crisis  of  '57  followed,  and  the  amount,  prin- 
cipal and  interest,  finally  reached  $1,900.  The  Trustees  concluded  they 
must  have  a  deed  for  the  property,  and  came  to  McDowell,  who  noAV  lived  in 
Fairbury,  to  know  what  sum  he  AA^ould  take  and  give  them  a  deed.  He  told 
them  to  go  back  and  collect  all  the  money  they  could,  and  then  come  and  see 
him  again.  They  did  so,  and  finally  returned  and  told  him  that  $200  was 
all  they  could  raise.  He  took  the  amount  and  gave  them  a  deed  to  the  church, 
leaving  the  amount  of  his  subscription  to  the  edifice,  inchiding  interest,  about 
$1,700.  The  first  preacher  in  charge  of  the  church  after  it  Avas  completed  Avas 
Rev.  James  Watson.  It  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  Z.  Hall,  of  Woodford  County, 
another  of  the  old  pioneer  Methodist  preachers  of  Central  Illinois.  The  pres- 
ent Pastor  of  the  Church  is  Rev.  Mr.  Underbill,  and,  all  things  considered,  it  is 
in  quite  a  flourishing  condition.  It  being  the  oldest  church  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  many  others  have  been  formed,  which  drcAv  on  its  membership,  and 
thus  its  numbers  are  not  so  large  as  when  it  Avas  the  only  house  of  Avorship  for 
miles  around.  This  church  is  the  final  result  of  the  little  mission  established 
at  McDoAvell's  in  1833,  by  Father  Royle,  as  already  noticed. 

The  first  post  office  Avas  established  in  1840,  and  Avas  called  Avoca. 
Nicholas  Hefner  Avas  the  first  Postmaster.  The  petition  for  this  post  office  Avas 
Avritten  by  Abraham  Beard,  a  schoolmaster  of  the  neigl>borhood,  and  Avhen  sent 
on  to  headquarters,  was  found  to  be  addressed  to  the  "  Speaker  of  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  State  of  Illinois,"  instead  of  to  the  Post- 
master General  of  the  United  States.  Education  Avas  not  so  thorough  in  those 
days  as  noAV,  and  many  had  signed  the  petition  Avithout  reading  it,  Avhile  many 
others  had  signed  it  with  a  X  Avho  could  not  have  read  it  if  they  would.  The  office 
was  where  the  village  of  Avoca  Avas  afterward  located,  and  was  on  the  mail 
route  between  Danville  and   Ottawa.      It  continued   in   active   operation  until 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  381 

1864,  when,  there  being  others  more  conveniently  situated,  the  office  at  Avoca 
was  suspended. 

The  first  store  in  the  town  was  kept  by  W.  G.  and  James  McDowell,  and 
was  opened  in  1854. 

The  first  physician  who  practiced  in  this  section  was  Dr.  John  Davis,  of 
Pontiac,  and  noticed  elsewhere  as  the  first  physician  in  the  county.  Dr.  C.  B. 
Ostrander  was  the  first  located  physician,  and  still  resides  on  his  farm  near 
Lodeniia  station.  In  early  times,  when  his  practice  extended  over  a  circuit  of 
many  miles,  he  never  sufllered  any  trivial  excuse  to  keep  him  from  the  bedside 
of  his  patients.  We  were  informed  by  a  reliable  party,  who  had  the  story  from 
the  Doctor's  own  lips,  that  he  was  going  to  see  a  patient  one  day,  who  had  sent 
for  him  in  a  great  hurry,  and  crossing  Indian  Creek,  stopped  a  moment  for  his 
horse  to  take  a  fcAv  sips  of  water,  when  one  end  of  the  fore  axle  of  his  buggy 
dropped  to  the  gi-ound.  Looking  to  see  the  cause,  he  found  that  one  fore  wheel 
was  gone,  and  he  had  driven  so  fast  the  axle  hadn't  time  to  drop  doAvn  until  he 
stopped.  On  going  back  to  find  the  missing  wheel,  he  met  his  dog,  who  always 
followed  him,  coming  on,  dragging  the  wheel  in  his  mouth.  He  has  a  fine 
orchard  and  devotes  a  good  deal  of  attention  to  the  cultivation  of  fruits.  It  is 
said  that  he  has  shipped  gooseberries  to  Chicago  by  the  car  load,  and  boasts  of 
having  raised  as  much  as  800  bushels  of  cherries  in  a  single  season. 

Harrison  Flesher  Avas  the  first  blacksmith  in  the  town,  and  opened  a  shop 
on  his  claim  late  in  the  Winter  of  1834. 

In  1854,  Judge  McDowell  and  his  brothers  built  a  steam  saw-mill  in  Avoca 
Township,  to  which  was  attached  one  run  of  stones  for  grinding  corn,  but  the 
main  business  of  the  mill  was  sawing.  In  1860,  he  moved  the  mill  to  Nebraska, 
where  it  Avas  chiefly  instrumental  in  locating  the  county  seat  of  Jefferson 
County,  at  the  village  of  Fah'bury,  named  by  the  Judge  for  the  town  in  which 
he  lives.  He  succeeded  in  getting  a  post  office  and  blacksmith  shop  at  the 
place,  then  moved  his  mill  there,  and  after  interesting  the  County  Commissioners, 
they  located  the  county  seat  at  his  village.  This  was  the  first  and  only  mill 
ever  in  this  town,  except  perhaps  occasionally  a  portable  saw-mill.  In  the 
early  times,  most  of  the  people  of  this  section  did  their  milling  at  Green's 
Mill,  on  Fox  River,  near  Ottawa.  This  was  the  principal  mill  until  one  was 
built  at  Wilmington.  Judge  McDowell  informed  us  that  he  once  went  on 
horseback  to  Blue's  horse  mill  down  on  Rock  Creek,  and  on  his  return  the 
Vermilion  was  too  high  to  cross,  and  he  put  his  ''  turn  of  meal  '  on  a  raft  and 
ferried  it  over,  and  swam  his  horse  by  the  side  of  it.  At  another  time,  he  and 
his  brother-in-law,  Hefner,  went  to  Green's  Mill,  and  both  of  their  horses  died 
with  the  milk  sickness  before  they  could  get  back  home. 

The  first  public  road  through  Avoca  Township  was  the  State  road  from 
Danville  to  Ottawa,  and  extending  on  to  the  Rock  River  country.  The  mail 
^as  carried  along  this  route  on  horseback,  and  was  Uncle  Sam's  first  trip 
through  here,  except  when  his  armed  legions  pursued  the  fugitive  Black  Hawk 


382  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

and  his  warriors.  The  road  from  Lafayette  to  Hennepin  was  also  an  early 
liighway  of  travel  through  this  country.  The  first  ferry  we  have  any  account 
of  in  the  neighborhood  was  at  the  crossing  of  these  roads  over  the  Vermilion 
River,  and  consisted  of  a  raft  of  red  elm  logs,  which,  when  seasoned,  are 
extremely  light.  When  the  river  was  too  high  to  ford,  they  would  put  the 
wagons  and  freight  on  the  raft  and  take  it  across,  while  the  horses  were  forced 
to  swim  themselves  over.  One  day  in  the  Winter  or  early  Spring,  a  man  came 
along  in  a  wagon  drawn  by  two  horses  and  was  very  anxious  to  get  over.  The 
river  had  been  frozen  for  some  time  and  was  just  breaking  up.  The  man  con- 
cluded to  try  to  cross  on  the  ice,  and  taking  out  his  horses  led  them  on  to  a 
large  cake  of  ice  which  broke  in  tAvo  after  he  had  gotten  them  on  it,  leaving 
their  fore  feet  on  one  piece  and  their  hind  feet  on  the  other.  With  the  greatest 
care  he  finally  managed  to  get  them  on  one  piece  and  paddled  them  over  in 
safety.  He  then  recrossed  and  got  his  wagon  on  another  ice  cake  and  ferried 
it  over  without  accident,  hitched  up  his  team  and  went  on  his  way. 

Tlie  ]\IcDowells  and  some  of  the  neighbors  had  a  canoe  in  partnership, 
which  was  used  for  neighborhood  convenience.  Finally,  some  of  the  stock- 
liolders  in  this  enterprise  got  at  loggerheads,  and  to  end  the  strife  and  hard 
feelings,  Judge  McDowell  and  his  brotherr  James  went  down  one  day  and 
measured  oif  their  own  part  of  the  canoe,  and  sawed  it  in  two,  and  carried  their 
half  away,  and  left  the  other  half  floating  in  the  river,  cabled  to  the  bank. 

When  the  McDowells  came  to  Avoca,  they  brought  with  them  some  young 
cattle  belonging  to  a  friend  in  Indiana,  and  which  they  proposed  to  "break  to 
Avork  "  for  him.  After  they  had  become  Avell  "broke,"  Woodford  G.  and  John 
McDoAvell  took  them  back  to  Indiana,  and  returned  tlicm  to  the  owner; 
and  as  a  kind  of  coincidence,  Judge  McDowell  related  to  us  an  anecdote  on  the 
26th  of  June,  precisely  forty-six  years  after  he  and  his  brother  started  with  the 
young  cattle  for  Indiana.  There  was  not  a  house,  at  the  time,  for  forty-five 
miles  after  leaving  the  settlement.  For  the  purpose  of  riding,  and  as  a  protec- 
tion against  the  rays  of  a  June  sun,  they  had  built  them  a  sled,  to  which  they 
had  added  a  top,  and  with  a  good  stock  of  provisions,  they  started  for  the 
classic  land  of  Hoosier.  The  trail  of  emigrant  wagons  had  made  two  tracks, 
Avith  a  kind  of  unbroken  middle.  While  moving  on,  one  day,  they  discovered, 
settled  on  a  wild  crab-apple  bush  between  these  tracks,  a  SAvarm  of  bees.  In 
passing  each  side  of  them,  the  oxen  struck  their  legs  against  tli«  mass,  knock- 
ing them  off,  and  when  the  young  men  discovered  them,  they  AA^ere  rising 
around  their  team  in  an  angry  cloud.  They  whipped  up  their  cattle  and  ran 
out  from  amongst  them  without  serious  results.  Some  distance  beyond,  they 
found  a  man  ploAving  corn,  to  whom  they  related  the  occurrence.  He  went 
back  and  "hived"  them,  and  on  their  return  told  them  that  their  bees  were 
"working  "  well. 

The  first  bridge  in  Avoca  was  built  over  the  south  branch  of  the  Vermilion, 
in  1844.     Isaac  Burgit,  Road  Supervisor  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  Judge 


,;jf 


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IRCUIT  COURT 
PONTIAC 


f»N!VOt: 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  385 

McDowell  on  the  east  side,  called  out  the  road  labor  and  built  the  bridore.      It 
was  all  hewed  out  of  the  neighboring  forest,  and  was  a  substantial  structure. 

The  village  of  Avoca  was  laid  out  in  1854,  by  Judge  W.  G.  McDowell,  who 
owned  the  land  on  which  it  was  located.  It  was  surveyed  by  Amos  Edwards, 
then  County  Surveyor. 

The  first  store  in  it  was  opened  just  before  it  was  laid  out  as  a  village,  by 
the  McDowells,  as  noticed  in  the  preceding  pages,  and  for  several  years  it 
was  a  flourishing  business  place.  But  on  the  laying  out  of  Fairbury,  the  sun 
of  Avoca  began  to  decline.  Many  of  the  houses  were  removed  to  tlie  latter 
place,  and  the  Judge  at  last  got  it  vacated  and  discontinued  by  a  special  act  of 
the  Legislature. 

Avoca  Cemetery,  across  the  creek  from  the  village,  was  laid  off'  by  the 
elder  McDowell.  He  and  those  of  his  family  who  have  departed  this  life  are 
buried  there.  Susan  Philips  was  the  first  one  to  occupy  the  place,  and  was 
buried  in  it  in  August,  1833. 

Moore  Cemetery  is  a  private  bur^- ing  ground  on  the  west  side  of  the  Grove. 
Jonathan  Moore  was  the  first  buried  in  it,  and  was  interred  there  in  1839. 

Nothing  now  remains  to  show  where  once  stood  a  thriving  vilhiffe  but  the 
'■  Pioneer  Methodist  Church,"  which  has  already  been  noticed. 

McDowell  village  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  about  six  miles 
south  of  Pontiac,  and  has  between  fifty  and  one  hundred  inhabitants.  It  was 
laid  out  as  a  village  in  1873,  by  Judge  McDowell,  who  owns  the  land,  and  it  is 
named  for  him.  Chas.  HeAvitson  surveyed  it.  The  first  house  was  put  up  by 
McDowell  before  the  village  was  laid  out,  and  was  used  as  a  dwelling.  The  first 
])Ost  office  was  kept  by  John  Cottrell,  and  was  established  in  1872.  Hugli  T. 
Pound  is  the  present  Postmaster.  The  first  store  was  built  and  occupied  by 
Ben  Walton,  now  of  Fairbury.  The  village  has  two  stores  at  present,  one  kept 
by  R.  B.  Phillips  and  the  other  by  Chas.  Danforth ;  two  blacksmith  and  wagon 
shops,  the  one  by  Henshaw,  and  the  other  by  Jacob  Schide.  Frank  ]5.  Bregga 
is  an  extensive  grain  dealer,  but  the  village  has  no  elevator  or  grain  warehouse. 
One  of  the  principal  features  of  the  place  is  the  stone  quarry,  (jwned  by 
McDowell,  which  yields  a  very  good  quality  of  lime  rock,  quite  valuable  for 
foundations,  and  which  makes  also  an  excellent  quality  of  lime.  A  large  kiln 
is  in  full  operation  at  present,  which  turns  out  about  300  bushels  at  a  burning. 

Lodemia  Station  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  a  short  distance 
soutli  of  McDowell.  It  contains  nothing  but  a  post  office  and  church.  Has  no 
depot,  but  is  merely  a  shipping  point,  with  switch  and  side  track.  The  post 
office  was  established  in  August,  1877,  with  Dr.  C.  B.  Ostrander  as  Postmaster. 
It  k  kept  at  the  parsonage,  and  the  minister,  Mr.  Underbill,  attends  to  the 
duties.  The  church,  which  belongs  to  the  Methodists,  was  built  here  in  1876, 
and  is  a  very  neat  little  frame  edifice,  which  cost  1^2,800.  The  society  was 
organized  in  1858,  in  the  school  house,  under  the  pastoral  charge  of  Rev.  John 
W.  Stubbles,  and  the  church,  when  completed  in  1876,  was  dedicated  by  Rev. 


386  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Robert  G.  Pearce,  Presiding  Elder  of  the   District  at  the  time.     Their  present 
preacher  is  Rev.  Mr.  Underbill,  and  the  congregation  is  large  and  flourishing       J 
for  a  country  church.  I 

Champlin  is  also  a  station,  or  rather  a  shipping  point  in  this  township,  and  is 
just  south  of  Lodemia  :  makes  no  pretensions  beyond  a  side  track  for  shipping 
grain  and  stock. 

The  first  school  taught  in  Avoca  Township  was  by  Samuel  Breese,  com- 
mencing in  the  Fall  of  1835  and  continuing  until  the  next  Spring.  Mrs. 
McDowell,  the  widow  of  William  McDowell,  Nathan  Popejoy,  who  first  settled 
in  Pontiac  Township,  and  James  Blake,  built  the  first  school  house.  It  was  a 
little  log  cabin,  16x18  feet,  having  a  big  wood  fire-place  that  would  take  in  a 
stick  ten  feet  long  ;  and  in  this  cabin  Breese  taught  the  first  school  as  noted 
above.  James  McDowell  held  the  office  of  School  Treasurer  for  twenty-seven 
years  in  succession.  Lyman  Burgit  was  the  first  Treasurer,  but  died  soon  after 
his  appointment  to  the  office,  when  McDowell  was  elected  to  succeed  him,  and 
held  the  position  until  his  removal  into  Indian  Grove  Township.  When  he 
was  first  elected  Treasurer,  there  was  but  one  school  district  and  it  embraced 
the  entire  township,  and  the  school  fund  consisted  of  what  was  termed  the 
''  College  and  Academy  Fund, ""  from  which  this  township  drew  annually  about 
^30.  The  first  Board  of  Trustees  were  Isaac  Burgit,  W.  G.  McDowell  and 
N,  Hefner.  When  McDowell  resigned  the  office  of  School  Treasurer,  the  fund 
was  about  $1,500.  At  present,  R.  B.  Foster  is  Treasurer;  and  from  his  last 
report  to  the  County  Superintendent  of  Schools  we  extract  the  following : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21 200 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21 210 

Total : 410 

Number  of  males  in  township  between  6  and  21 153 

Number  of  females  in  township  between  6  and  21 163 

Total : 316 

Number  of  males  attending  gchool , 86 

Number  of  females  attending  school 114 

Total 200 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed 8 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 10 

Total 18 

Amount  paid  male  teachers $1,061  30 

Amount  paid  female  teachers 1,303  00 

Total $2,364  30 

Estimated  value  of  school  property $4,006  00 

Amount  of  tax  levy  for  support  of  schools 2,053  87 

Principal  of  township  fund 5,366  49 

There  are  eight  school  districts  in  the  township  containing  good,  substantial 
school  houses,  in  which  schools  are  taught  for  the  usual  number  of  months  in 
each  year. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  387 

The  county  adopted  township  organization  in  1857,  when  this  town  took  the 
name  of  Avoca,  from  the  village  and  post  office  which  bore  the  same,  and  had 
been  given  by  Nicholas  Hefner,  who  was  the  first  Postmaster.  It  is  an  Indian 
name,  but  what  its  signification  is,  we  are  unable  to  say.  The  first  Supervisor 
was  Wm.  Fugate,  and  the  first  Town  Clerk,  Isaac  R.  Clark.  Gideon  Hutchin- 
son is  at  present  Supervisor,  and  J.  W.  McDowell,  Town  Clerk.  Formerly, 
this  and  Indian  Grove  Township  composed  one  election  precinct.  At  that  time, 
it  was  largely  Democratic  and  contained,  it  is  said,  but  seven  Whig  votes.  But 
in  the  revolution  of  political  parties,  things  have  changed  in  Avoca  Township, 
as  well  as  elsewhere,  and  it  now  goes  as  largely  Republican  as  it  did  Democratic 
in  the  old  times.  In  the  "eternal  fitness  of  things,"  it  is  the  Whig  sections 
that  have  generally  turned  out  to  be  the  strongest  Republican,  and  not  often 
that  a  Democratic  stronghold  has  made  a  change  of  this  kind.  During  the  late 
.war,  its  record  was  as  good  as  that  of  any  township  in  Livingston  County, 
according  to  the  number  of  its  population,  and  it  turned  out  many  brave  sol- 
diers to  battle  for  the  Union.  So  far  as  can  be  obtained,  their  names  are  given 
in  the  general  war  record  of  this  work  :  their  deeds  are  engraved  upon  the 
hearts  of  their  countrymen,  and  need  no  commendations  hei'e. 

Judo;e  McDowell  was  Collector  of  Revenues  in  1844,  when  Avoca  and  Indian 
Grove  were  all  one  district,  and  at  that  time,  as  we  were  informed,  there  was  a 
premium  on  wolf  scalps.  A  man  who  had  killed  a  wolf  could  go  before  a  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  and  make  affidavit  to  that  effect,  when  he  would  receive  a 
State  warrant  or  order  for  one  dollar,  which  was  good  for  State  taxes,  and  on 
presenting  this  document  to  the  County  Auditor,  would  get  an  order,  which 
was  current  for  all  county  taxes.  The  Judge  says  he  collected  almost  the  en- 
tire revenue  that  year  in  county  orders  and  wolf  scalps,  not  getting  money 
enough  to  pay  his  own  per  centage  on  collecting  it. 

The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  was  built  through  this  township  in  1872, 
and  has  been  of  paramount  importance  and  benefit  in  uniting  this  part  of  the 
county  with  the  seat  of  justice.  The  township  of  Avoca  took  f  10,000  stock  in 
the  road,  and  has  always  shown  the  greatest  interest  in  the  enterprise  and  its 
success.  There  is  but  one  regular  station  and  depot  in  the  town — McDowell — 
with  two  other  shipping  points,  viz.  :  Lodemia  and  Champlin.  These  have 
switches  and  side  tracks,  but  at  present  are  not  provided  with  depot  buildings 
and  telegraph  offices. 

The   only  representative  of  the  legal  fraternity  in   Avoca   Township  was 
Judge  McDowell,  who  lived  in  this  town,  where  he  practiced,  as  occasion  required, 
until  1800,  when  he  removed  to  the  village  of  Fairbury.      In  1859,  he  was 
elected  County  Judge,  an  office  he  filled  with  credit.     He  was  Recording  Stew 
ard  of  the  Methodist  Church  at  Avoca  for  twenty-five  years  in  succession. 


388  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 


CHATSWORTH  TOWNSHIP. 

Cliatsworth  is  in  the  eastern  tier  of  townships,  and  is  known  as  Town  26 
north,  Range  8  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian.  It  is  fine  rolling 
prairie,  with  the  exception  of  Oliver's  Grove  in  the  southern  part,  a  grove  of, 
perhaps,  as  fine  natural  timber  as  Livingston  County  can  furnish.  Like  all  the 
prairie  country,  the  people  have  devoted  a  great  deal  of  attention  to  the  plant- 
ing and  cultivation  of  trees,  until  beautiful  groves  of  timber  are  to  be  found  on 
every  section  of  land  in  the  township.  Originally,  Chatsworth  embraced  For- 
rest and  Germantown,  and  was  known  as  Oliver's  Grove  Township.  But  many 
of  the  citizens  disliking  a  compound  name,  petitioned  the  Board  of  Supervisors 
for  a  change,  at  their  annual  meeting,  the  second  year  of  township  organization. 
William  H.  Jones,  who  was  the  Supervisor  at  the  time,  gave  it  the  name  of 
Chatsworth,  which  it  has  ever  since  borne.  The  name  is  said  to  have  been 
taken  from  an  English  story  he  had  read,  in  which  "Lord  Chatsworth"  figures 
as  a  principal  character. 

The  first  settlement  made  in  what  is  now   Chatsworth   Township  was  bj 

Franklin  C   Oliver,  wlio,  at  the  age  of   92  years,  still  occupies  his  original 

claim. 

"  The  ghostly  shade  of  a  man  he  seemed  ; 

His  teeth  were  white  as  milk ; 

And  the  long,  white  hair  on  his  forehead  gleamed 

Like  skeins  of  tangled  silk." 

He  came  from  the  State  of  New  Jersey  in  1832,  and  settled  here 
among  the  Indians,  with  whom  he  ever  remained  on  the  most  friendly  terms. 
When  other  white  people  in  the  surrounding  settlements,  becoming  frightened 
at  the  warlike  reports  of  the  Black  Hawk  campaign,  retreated  toward  the 
Wabash  settlements,  Oliver  remained  upon  his  claim,  and  "went  in  and  out" 
among  the  red  men  without  molestation.  His  father,  he  informed  us,  was  a 
Quartermaster  in  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  man}'^  of  the  old  soldier's  ofiicial 
papers  were  in  his  possession  until  some  years  ago,  when  his  house  was  burned 
and  they  met  the  fate  of  much  of  his  household  property.  Many  of  these 
papers,  he  said,  were  rather  quaint,  and  would  present  a  marked  contrast, 
doubtless,  to  the  ponderous  accounts  and  vouchers  of  a  Quartermaster  in  our 
late  Avar.  Mr.  Oliver  and  his  family  were  the  only  white  people  in  the  township 
for  many  years.  A  number  of  settlements  Avere  made  in  Indian  Grove  and 
other  timbered  localities,  but  not  till  away  up  in  the  "fifties"  were  other  settle- 
ments made  in  Chatsworth.  In  1855,  Job  H.  and  George  S.  Megquier  settled  in 
this  township.  They  were  from  Maine,  and  the  former  now  lives  in  the  village 
of  Chatsworth  ;   the  latter  died  in  1871. 

David  Stewart  came  here  from  the  State  of  New  York  in  1856.  He 
bought  land  and  settled  in  the  town,  where  he  remained  for  a  number  of  years, 
when  his  wife  died  and  he  became  dissatisfied,  sold  out  and  moved  away. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  389 

Romanzo  Miller  was  a  Vermonter,  and  settled  here  in  1855.  He  finally 
sold  his  land  and  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he  still  remained,  at  last  accounts  of 
him. 

John  Snyder  and  Trueman  Brockway  were  from  New  York,  the  Empire 
State  of  the  Union.  Snyder  came  in  1856  and  made  a  settlement,  upon  which 
he  died  about  1868.  Brockway  had  settled  in  El  Paso  in  1855,  but  came  here 
in  1857.  He  was  a  single  man  when  he  came  to  Chatsworth,  but  after  per- 
manently locating,  went  back  to  New  York,  married  and  brought  his  wife  here 
to  share  his  Western  home. 

Addison  Holmes  came  from  Indiana  in  1855.  After  remaining  for  several 
years,  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Champaign  County,  in  this  State,  where  he  still 
resides. 

John  P.  Hart  was  from  the  blue-grass  of  Kentucky,  and  came  in  1856.  A 
young  man  named  James  Greenwood  came  with  him,  and  worked  on  his  farm 
as  long  as  he  remained  here.  Hart  owned  a  laro;e  tract  of  land,  but  finally 
sold  it  and  removed  to  Arkansas. 

Peter  Van  Weir  came  from  the  "Faderland"'  on  the  banks  of  the  Rhine. 
He  settled  here  in  1858,  but  had  lived  for  a  while  in  Panola,  Woodford  County, 
before  coming  to  this  settlement.      He  finally  removed  into  Charlotte  Township. 

Wm.  H.  Jones  came  here  from  La  Salle  County  in  the  Fall  of  1857.  His 
family  still  reside  here,  but  he,  at  present,  is  doing  business  at  Burr  O^k 
Station,  in  Ford  County. 

The  first  birth  and  death  are  supposed  to  have  occurred  in  Mr.  Oliver's 
family,  as  he  was  here  so  long  before  any  other  white  people  settled  in  the  town. 
The  first  marriage  particularly  remembered  was  Samuel  Patton  and  Miss 
Nellie  Desmond  in  1861,  and  they  were  married  by  the  Baptist  minister,  sta- 
tioned, at  that  time,  in  Fairbury.  The  first  birth  among  the  more  modern 
settlers,  was  a  child  born  to  Trueman  Brockway.  The  first  death  also  occurred 
in  his  family  in  1861.  A  man — a  stranger  that  no  one  knew — was  struck  by 
lightning  soon  after  the  death  of  Brockway's  child.  He  came  to  the  village  of 
Chatsworth,  looking  for  work,  and  had  been  down  on  the  prairie,  where  his  . 
efforts  had  failed,  had  come  back,  and  wliile  walking  near  the  railroad  track, 
Avas  killed  by  lightning,  not  far  from  Avhere  Felker's  store  noAV  stands.  The 
first  blacksmith  shop  in  the  town  was  opened  by  Samuel  Patton  in  1859. 
It  was  then  the  only  shop  between  Fairbury  and  Gilman.  William  H. 
Jones  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  town,  and  held  the  office  when 
Forrest  and  Germantown  Avere  included  in  ChatSAVorth.  Dr.  D.  W.  Hunt  Avas 
the  first  resident  physician.  He  came  here,  and  still  resides  in  the  village  of 
ChatsAvorth,  and  practices  his  pi-ofession  in  the  township. 

From  the  school  records,  we  find  the  first  meeting  Avas  held  at  the  house  of 
John  R.  Snyder,  the  12th  of  April,  1858,  Avhen  the  toAvn  Avas  still  calleil 
Oliver's  Grove.  The  folloAvinji  Board  of  Trustees  were  elected:  Franklin 
Oliver.  J.  H.  Megquier  and  Franklin  Foot.      On  the  20th  of  the  same  month, 


390  HISTORY    OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  Trustees  held  a  meeting  and  elected  Wm.  H.  Jones,  School  Treasurer.  In 
the  Summer  of  this  year,  the  first  school  was  taught  in  the  township,  by  Miss 
Jennie  Adams.  At  present,  there  are  seven  school  districts,  with  good,  substan- 
tial frame  houses  in  each  district.  The  office  of  Treasurer  was  held  by  Jones 
until  1872,  when  J.  T.  Bullard  was  elected  and  still  has  the  office.  The  follow- 
ing facts  are  taken  from  his  last  report  to  the  Superintendent  of  Schools  : 
Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years  of  ago,  491  ;  females,  444  ;  total, 
935  ;  number  of  males  attending  school,  198  ;  females,  208  ;  total,  406  ;  number 
of  male  teachers  employed,  5  ;  female  teachers,  11,  total  teachers  employed,  16  ; 
estimated  value  of  school  property,  f  15,600 ;  estimated  value  of  school  appa- 
ratus, $225  ;  principal  of  township  fund,  $8,133.01  ;  tax  levy  for  the  support 
of  schools,  $3,365 ;  highest  monthly  wages  paid  teacher,  $110 ;  lowest  monthly 
wages  paid  teachei',  $25;  average  monthly  wages  paid  male  teachers,  $66.88  ; 
average  monthly  wages  paid  female  teachers,  $37.50  ;  whole  amount  paid  teach- 
ers, $4,751.25.  The  present  Board  of  Trustees  are  J.  M.  Roberts,  President : 
L.  T.  Stoutraeyer  and  S.  T.  Compton.  The  schools  of  Chatsworth  Township 
are  in  a  flourishing  condition,  and  compare  favorably  with  those  of  any  other 
section  of  the  county. 

The  first  township  meeting  was  held  at  the  house  of  Franklin  Oliver  on  the 
6th  of  April,  1858,  and  officers  elected  for  thg  year  for  the  "  Town  of  Oliver's 
Grove."  The  first  election  resulted  as  follows:  James  G.  Meredith,  Super- 
visor ;  W.  H.  Jones  and  J.  G.  Harper,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  C.  Hart  and 
B.  Harbert,  Constables  ;  John  Towner,  Assessor ;  J.  B.  Snyder,  Collector, 
and  "Charles  Cranford,  Town  Clerk.  At  the  next  election.  April  1,  1859, 
William  H.  Jones  was  elected  Supervisor :  Charles  Cranford,  Town  Clerk  and 
Assessor  also,  and  R.  R.  Miller,  Collector.  At  the  meeting  of  April  3,  1860. 
Jones  and  Cranford  were  re-elected  Supervisor  and  Town  Clerk  ;  I.  J.  Krack. 
Assessor,  and  J.  G.  Meredith,  Collector.  The  officers  of  the  Township  at  pres- 
ent are  as  follows :  G.  W.  Cline,  Supervisor ;  J.  H.  Meg(iuier  and  Peter 
Shroyer,  Justices  of  the  Peace  ;  Charles  Weinland,  Assessor ;  Charles  Reiss, 
Collector,  and  Thomas  Nash,  Town  Clerk. 

As  already  stated,  Chatsworth,  at  the  time  of  township  organization,  em- 
braced the  town  of  Forrest  and  the  fractional  town  of  German  town.  iVt  the 
meeting  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  in  1861,  Forrest,  on  petition,  was  set  ott", 
and  became  a  separate  and  distinct  township,  and  at  the  September  meeting  of 
Supervisors  for  1867,  Germantown  petitioned  for  separation,  and  was  set  off  at 
this  meeting,  since  which  time  it  has  been  a  separate  town.  Since  these  divi- 
sions and  separations,  Chatsworth  remains  still  a  complete  Congressional  town- 
ship of  thirty-six  sections. 

When  the  settling  up  of  the  town  began,  about  1855,  deer  and  prairie 
wolves  were  the  almost  undisputed  possessors  of  the  soil.  In  portions  of 
Oliver's  Grove,  there  are  still  deer  to  be  occasionally  seen,  but  they  are  becom- 
ing very  scarce,  and  will  soon  all  be  gone,  while  the  wolf,  the  natural  foe  of 
the  settler,  is  almost  if  not  wholly  exterminated. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  391 

The  first  preacher  to  proclaim  the  Word  of  God  in  this  section  was  Old 
Father  Walker,  as  he  was  called,  of  Ottawa,  who  in  1832  established  a  mission 
among  the  Indians,  whose  lodges  were  then  spread  in  Oliver's  Grove.  The 
following  extract  is  from  an  address  delivered  before  the  Old  Settlers'  Society  by 
Judge  McDowell,  of  Fairbury,  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1877  :  ^'  The  early 
footprints  of  Methodism  began  in  this  part  of  the  country  in  1832,  Old  Father 
Walker,  who  established  a  mission  at  the  Kickapoo  town  (now  Oliver's  Grove), 
where  there  was,  at  that  time,  a  village  of  ninety-seven  wigwams,  one  large 
council  house,  several  small  encampments,  and  630  Indians  in  all,  men,  women 
and  children.  Father  Walker  came  out  occasionally  and  held  meetings  with 
them,  appointed  and  ordained  a  missionary  minister  of  their  own  tribe,  who 
always  held  services  on  the  Sabbath,  when  Father  Walker  was  not  tlicre. 
Their  prayer  book  was  a  walnut  board,  on  which  were  characters  carved  with 
a  knife,  and  at  the  fop  an  engraving.  They  had  a  great  respect  for  the  Sab- 
bath, and  no  Indian  thought  of  retiring  at  night  Avithout  consulting  his  board." 
These  ministrations  of  Father  Walker  were  the  first  we  have  any  account  of 
in  this  section,  and  were  probably  the  first  in  Livingston  County.  As  there 
are  no  church  buildings  in  the  township,  outside  of  the  village  of  Chatsworth, 
this  part  of  our  history  will  be  again  alluded  to  in  connection  with  the  villao-e. 

The  old  Indian  trail  that  marked  the  dividing  line  between  the  Kickapoo 
and  Pottawatomie  tribes  was  plainly  visible  through  this  town,  long  after  settle- 
ments were  made  and  the  pale-faces  had  become  numerous.  And  there  are  still 
settlers  living  here  who  can  point  out  the  line  along  which  the  trail  led. 

The  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railway  was  completed  through  the  township, 
and  trains  commenced  running  regularly  in  1857.  This  broudit  immiia-ants 
to  the  neighborhood,  and  was  the  means  of  the  rapid  settling  up  of  this  town 
and  the  surrounding  country.  The  amount  of  grain  and  stock  shipped  from 
Chatsworth  Township  over  this  road  is  truly  wonderful.  The  Kankakee  k 
SouthAvestern  Railroad,  projected  to  run  from  Kankakee  City,  through  Chats- 
worth Township,  tapping  the  Gilman,  Clinton  k  Springfield,  at  Gibson  City, 
will  probably  be  in  process  of  construction  in  a  short  time,  ft  is  supposed  that 
the  Illinois  Central  is  the  ''power  behind  the  throne"  in  this  new  road,  and 
will  push  it  forward  to  completion,  in  order  to  open  to  them  (the  Illinois  Central) 
a  more  direct  route  between  Chicago  and  St.  Louis.  The  new  Company  only 
ask  the  right  of  way  through  Second  street,  in  the  village  of  Chatsworth,  which 
has  been  unanimously  given. 

Politically,  Chatsworth  is  pretty  evenly  divided  on  national  (juestions.  prob- 
ably Republican  by  a  few  votes.  Its  record  during  the  late  war  was  good  for 
so"  thinly  a  populated  section  as  this  was  at  that  time.  N.  C.  Kenyon,  the 
present  Postmaster  of  Chatsworth  village,  was  Colonel  of  the  Eleventh  Regiment 
of  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  one  of  the  brave  regiments  of  Illinois,  that  it  is 
said,  did  as  much  hard  fighting  during  the  war  as  any  regiment  from  the  State. 
Conrad  Heppe,  a  resident  at  present  of  the  village,  has  served  nine  years  in  the 


392  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

United  States  army,  mostly  in  New  Mexico.  Many  other  brave  fellows  sh<jui- 
dered  their  muskets  and  went  forth  from  this  and  from  Charlotte  Townshij) 
(which  at  the  commencement  of  the  war  was  a  part  of  Chatsworth),  to  the 
front,  where  "Avar's  red  blast  raged  the  fiercest." 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    CHATSWORTH. 

Chatsworth  is  situated  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railway,  about  forty 
miles  from  State  line,  and  seventy  miles  from  the  city  of  Peoria.  It  was  sur- 
veyed and  laid  out  by  Nelson  Buck,  County  Surveyor,  June  8,  1859,  for  Zeno 
Secor  and  Cornelia  Gilman  of  New  York,  who  owned  the  land  on  which  it  is 
located.  In  1853,  the  land  was  entered  by  Solomon  Sturges,  who,  in  1857, 
conveyed  it  to  Wm.  H.  Osborn,  and  Osborn  and  wife  in  turn  conveyed  it  to 
Secor  and  Gilman.  The  original  town  occupied  160  acres  of  land,  embracing 
the  south  half  of  the  northwest  quarter,  and  north  half  of  the  southwest  quarter 
of  Section  3.  Since  then  several  additions  have  been  made  to  the  original  plat 
at  different  times.  It  has  been  organized  as  a  village  under  the  Incorporation 
act,  and  the  first  board  of  officers  were  Jacob  Titus,  E.  A.  Bangs,  John  S. 
McElhiny,  W.  W.  Sears  and  Albert  Tuttle.  Jacob  Titus  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Board,  and  George  E.  Esty.  Village  Clerk.  At  present  its  offi- 
cial board  is  as  follows :  John  Young,  President ;  W.  F.  Dennis,  A.  M. 
Roberts,  C.  Spiecher,  Samuel  Crumpton  and  C  Guenther;  R.  M.  Spurgin, 
Clerk;  W.  H.  Wakelin,  Treasurer;  J.  M.  Myers,  Superintendent  of  Police, 
and  T.  S.  Curran,  Police  Magistrate. 

The  first  building  was  put  up  in  the  village  in  1859,  by  Chas.  D.  Brooks 
and  Trueman  Brockway,  both  of  whom  Avere  from  New  York.  It  was  a  store 
and  residence  combined,  a  frame  building  one  and  a  half  stories  high,  with 
rooms  over  the  store.  They  afterward  went  into  partnership,  and  after  Brock- 
way  got  married,  he  lived  over  the  store.  A  post  office  was  established  in  1860, 
the  first,  not  only  in  the  village,  but  in  the  township.  Chas.  D.  Brooks  was 
the  first  Postmaster,  an  office  he  held  several  years,  when  Matthew  H.  Hall 
received  it.  He  was  succeeded  by  Col.  N.  C.  Kenyon,  who  is  at  present  Post- 
master. The  first  hotel  was  built  by  C.  W.  Drake,  in  1859.  It  has  been  con- 
verted into  a  dwelling  house,  and  is  now  used  as  such.  The  only  hotel  in  the 
village  is  the  Cottage  House,  kept  by  Wm.  Cowling.  The  first  blacksmith,  as 
mentioned  in  the  history  of  the  township,  was  Samuel  Patton,  who  is  still  in 
the  business,  on  the  same  old  stand.  He  came  from  Ohio  in  the  Fall  of  1859, 
and  there  was  at  that  time  but  one  house  in  the  village  (Brooks  &  Brockway 's 
store),  a  little  grain  house  and  an  old  carpenter  shop.  There  Avere  tAvo  others 
in  sight — the  section  house,  and  one  tAvo  miles  out  on  the  prairie,  owned  by 
Franklin  Foot.  Mr.  Patton  is  the  inventor  of  a  corn  busker,  which  seems  to 
be  a  good  thing.  It  husks  corn  as  fast  as  horses  will  Avalk,  and  can  be  sold  at 
about  ^225.  He  has  not  commenced  the  manufacture  of  them,  but  designs 
doing  so. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  39^^ 

The  first  school  house  was  built  in  1858,  on  two  lots  donated  by  Osborn  for 
school  purposes.  This  was  the  first  school  house  in  both  Chatsworth  Township 
and  the  village.  The  present  elegant  school  edifice  was  built  in  1870.  Two 
years  ago  additions  Avere  built  to  it,  at  a  total  cost  of  buildings  and  additions  of 
^11,000.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  with  stone  basement,  and  is  finished 
ofi"  in  fine  style.  The  teachers  and  Principal  of  the  school  for  the  year  just 
closed*  were  as  follows  :  Prof  J.  T.  Dickinson,  Principal ;  Miss  M.  J.  Speer. 
Grammar  Department :  Miss  Brown.  Miss  Aiken  and  Mrs.  Tuckerman  :  Mrs. 
Palmer,  Primary  Department. 

The  Germania  Sugar  Company  built  their  large  factory  here  in  1865,  for 
the  purpose  of  manufacturing  sugar  from  the  beet.  The  capital  stock  of  the 
company  was  ^50,000,  which  was  all  owned  in  Springfield,  except  $1,000  held  in 
Peoria,  The  enterprise  was  projected  by  a  man  named  Jennet,  a  German,  and. 
after  the  company  was  organized,  he  had  the  management.  It  proved  unsuc- 
cessful from  the  lack  of  water.  One  well  bored  on  the  premises,  1,200  feet 
deep,  cost  $6,000,  and  afforded  an  insufficiency  of  water  to  meet  the  require- 
ments of  the  business.  It  is  believed  that,  with  plenty  of  water,  it  would  have 
proved  a  valuable  business.  The  beets  jnelded  about  eight  per  cent,  of  their 
weight  in  sugar.  The  factory  was  in  operation  here  for  about  five  years,  when 
the  machinery  was  taken  out  and  removed  to  Freeport,  where  it  is  devoted  to 
the  same  purpose  as  here.  The  property  fell  into  the  hands  of  Jacob  Bunn,  of 
Springfield,  who  furnished  the  funds  for  its  operation  and  removal  to  Freeport. 
Though  the  capital  stock  was  originally  $50,000,  it  cost  while  here,  we  are  told, 
about  $175,000.  The  "vacuum  pan,"  as  it  was  called,  alone  cost  $6,000  in 
Germany,  and  was  an  extraordinarily  fine  piece  of  machinery.  But  it  was  a 
losing  speculation  as  long  as  it  remained  in  this  village. 

A  coal  shaft  Avas  sunk  near  the  village  of  Chatsworth,  in  1867,  by  Capt. 
Beard,  who  had  some  connection  at  one  time  with  the  east  shaft  at  Fairburv. 
A  stock  company  was  formed  among  the  citizens  of  Chatsworth,  of  $10,000,  but 
the  stock  was  never  all  paid  up.  Enough,  however,  was  collected  to  pay  Beard 
for  sinking  the  shaft,  which  was  about  218  feet  deep.  The  works  were  finally 
abandoned,  upon  the  report  of  Beard  that  there  was  no  prospect  of  coal.  It  is 
thought  by  some  that  a  good  vein  of  coal  was  found,  but  for  some  reason  the 
fact  was  concealed,  or  at  least  never  olficiall}^  reported.  One  of  the  men 
employed  in  the  work  said  to  some  frieftds  one  day,  that  they  passed  through  a 
vein  of  coal  about  five  feet  thick  in  sinking  the  Chatsworth  shaft.  Whether 
this  is  true  or  false,  we  are  unable  to  say. 

The  first  grain  elevator  was  built  by  Charles  D.  Brooks,  in  1861,  and  was 
b\n-ned  in  1866.  He  then  built  another,  which  he  afterward  moved  to  Piper  City. 
Samuel  Crumpton  built  one  next,  and  then  Havercorn  &  Mette  built  the  one  now 
occupied  by  A.  B.  Searing.  Joseph  Rumbold  built  one,  which  is  now  owned  by 
Searing  &  Crumpton.  The  next  was  an  old  mill,  moved  up  by  the  railroad,  and 
changed  into  an  elevator  by  Chas.  Weinland,  and  is  now  owned  by  H.  L.  Turner. 

*  Their  Principal  and  teachers  for  the  coining  year  are  not  yet  chosen. 


394  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  mill  above  referred  to  was  originally  built  by  Wright,  Williams  &  Crip- 
liver,  and,  after  several  changes,  it  was  disposed  of  as  already  noted.  Williams 
then  erected  his  present  steam  mill,  and  commenced  operating  it  in  December, 
1877.  It  is  a  frame  building,  with  two  runs  of  buhrs,  and  is  used  mostly  for 
grinding  corn  meal  and  stock  feed. 

Another  of  Chatsworth's  manuftictures  is  the  Star  Wind  Mill,  which  is  put 
up  by  David  E.  Shaw,  who  is  also  the  patentee  of  the  Marvel  Feed  Mill,  which 
is  adapted  to  wind  mills.  Also,  the  wagon  factory  of  L.  C.  Spiecher  is  quite  an 
institution.    He  works  seven  hands,  and  make  wagons  and  carriages  principally. 

Chatsworth  has  two  banks — C.  A.  Wilson  &  Co.,  successors  to  the  Chats- 
worth  Bank,  and  E.  A.  Bangs  &  Co.  Both  houses  do  a  general  banking  and 
exchange  business. 

The  Chatsworth  Plaindeahr  is  a  five-column  quarto  newspaper,  published 
by  R.  M.  Spurgin,  and  is  one  of  the  flourishing  papers  of  the  county.  It  was 
t'Stablished  in  November,  1873,  by  C.  B.  Holmes,  and  in  August,  1876,  passed 
into  the  hands  of  its  present  owner.  It  is  an  independent  paper,  and  takes  no 
particular  side  in  politics. 

The  first  religious  society  organized  in  the  village  of  Chatsworth  was  the 
Methodist  Church,  in  1859,  bv  Rev.  M.  Dewev,  with  about  fortv  members.  The 
charge,  at  that  time,  included  Forrest,  Five  Mile  Grove,  Pleasant  Ridge, 
Oliver's  Grove  and  Bethel,  with  Rev.  J.  W.  Flowers  as  Presiding  Elder  of  the 
District.  The  society  held  their  meetings  in  the  school  house,  two  blocks  north 
of  the  railroad  depot,  until  the  year  1874,  when  they  erected  a  good  church 
building  at  a  cost  of  about  $2,500,  in  which  they  have  worshiped  ever  since, 
having  now  upon  the  church  rolls  about  100  members.  Adjacent,  is  a  comfort- 
able parsonage,  worth  about  $500,  and  both  it  and  the  church  are  free  of 
t-ncurabrance.  Rev.  Samuel  Wood  is  the  present  Pastor,  and  Rev.  R.  G. 
Pierce.  Presiding  Elder  of  the  District.  The  church  was  dedicated  by  Rev. 
T.  M.  Eddy,  D.  D.,  of  Chicago,  on  the  30th  day  of  November,  1864.  The 
Sunday  school  of  this  society  was  organized  in  March,  1862.  W.  H.  Wakelin 
is  the  present  Superintendent,  and  the  average  attendance  is  about  100 
children. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  was  built  soon  after  the  village  was  laid  out,  ahd 
the  society  first  organized  in  the  school  house,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Thomas,  who  preached  here  and  at  a  school  house  in  Ford  County  on 
alternate  Sundays.  He  then  lived  at  Champaign.  The  first  regular  minister 
in  charge  of  the  society  was  Rev.  Oscar  Park.  The  present  Pastor  is  Rev. 
Geo.  F.  Mcx'Vfee,  formerly  of  Missouri,  but  a  graduate  of  the  Northwestern 
Theological  Seminary,  and  has  in  his  charge  about  eighty  members.  A  very 
flourishing  Sunday  school  belongs  to  this  church.  The  Rev.  Mr.  McAfee  is 
Superintendent,  and  about  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  children  attend. 

The  Baptist  Church  Avas  built  in  1871,  is  a  substantial  frame  building,  32x54 
feet,  and  cost  about  three  thousand  six  hundred  dollars.     Rev.  A.  Kenyon  is 


HISTORY  f»F  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  395 

Pastor,  with  a  membership  of  over  one  hundred,  and  an  interesting  Sunday 
school,  of  which  A.  H.  Hall  is  Superintendent.  There  are  two  German  socie- 
ties, the  Evangelical  Association  and  the  Lutherans  :  but  they  have  no  church 
buildings,  and  we  were  unable  to  learn  anything  definite  of  their  organizations. 
The  Roman  Catholic  Church  was  built  in  1864,  and  dedicated,  on  the  17th 
of  March,  to  St.  Patrick,  by  Rev.  Thomas  Roy,  President  of  St.  Victor's  Col" 
lege.  The  building  cost  about  four  thousand  dollars,  is  a  handsome  frame,  and 
was  built  under  tiie  pastorate  of  Rev.  John  A.  Fanning,  of  Fairbury.  Owen 
Murtagh,  Patrick  Monahan  and  William  Joyce  were  the  Building  Committee. 
It  was  made  an  independent  mission  on  the  22d  of  July,  1867,  when  the  Very 
Rev.  Learner  Moynihan,  formerly  of  New  Orleans,  and  late  of  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.,  succeeded  the  Rev.  Father  Fanning.  A  flourishing  Sunday  school  is 
attached,  and  the  attendance,  both  at  it  and  the  church,  are  good. 

Chatsworth  Lodge,  No.  539,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  chartered  October  1, 
1867,  Jerome  B.  Gorin,  Grand  Master  of  Illinois,  signing  the  charter,  and  H. 
G.  Reynolds,  Grand  Secretary.  The  charter  members  were  George  R.  Wells, 
E.  L.  Nelson,  W.  H.  Jones,  D.  E.  Shaw,  E.  A.  Simmons,  A.  E.  Anway,  James 
Davis.  J.  H.  Dalton,  Charles  L.  Wells,  Ira  W.  Trask,  J.  S.  McElhiny\md  D. 
W.  Hunt.  D.  R.  Wells  was  first  Master ;  D.  R.  Shaw,  Senior  Warden,  and 
E.  A.  Simmons,  Junior  Warden.  The  present  Master  is  N.  C.  Kenyon,  and 
W.  H.  Wakelin,  Secretary,  with  forty  members. 

Chatsworth  Lodge,  No.  339,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  chartered  October  9,  1866,  J.  K. 
Scroggs,  Grand  Master,  and  Samuel  Willard,  Grand  Secretary.  Charter  mem- 
bers— Arthur  Orr,  N.  A.  Wheeler,  Peter  Shroyer,  T.  L.  Matthews,  H.  J. 
Roberts  and  G.  W.  Blackwell.  Arthur  Orr  was  first  Noble  Grand,  and  N.  A. 
Wheeler,  Secretary.  C.  Guenther  is  at  present  Noble  Grand,  and  Arthur  Orr, 
Secretary,  with  thirty-seven  members. 

Livingston  Encampment,  No.  123,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  chartered  May  31, 
ixll  ;  D.  W.  Jacoby,  -  Grand  Patriarch,  and  N.  C.  Nason,  Grand  Scribe;  J. 
B.  Renne,  first  Chief  Patriarch;  Peter  Shroyer,  Scribe.  L.  C.  Spiecher  is  at 
present  Chief  Patriarch,  and  P.  J.  Garhart,  Scribe,  with  about  twenty  members 
on  the  roll. 

Chatsworth  has  a  well  organized  fire  department,  with  a  good  volunteer 
company.  Their  engine  is  the  old  "Prairie  Queen,"  formerly  used  in  Bloom- 
ington,  and  this  village  bought  it  for  $1,300,  which,  Avith  hose  and  other  equip- 
ments, runs  the  cost  of  the  department  up  to  about  two  thousand  dollars.  The 
company  has  been  a  valuable  acquisition,  and  has  saved  to  the  town  more  than 
twenty  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  property  since  its  organization. 

The  bar  is  represented  in  Chatsworth  by  Hon.  Samuel  T.  Fosdick  and 
George  Torrence,  Esq.  The  former  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  the  Fall 
of  1876,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  receiving  5,056  votes  over  C.  C.  Strawn,  of 
Pontiac,  Democrat,  who  received  4,313  votes.  The  Senatorial  District  is  com- 
posed of  Livingston  and  Ford  Counties. 


396  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


The  medical  fraternity  here  are  Drs.  Charles  True,  D.  W.  Hunt,  Wm.  C. 
Byington  and Bostock. 

John  Walter,  a  merchant  of  the  village,  has  a  very  ancient  relic,  and  one 
to  be  highly  prized.  It  is  an  old  Bible,  printed  in  1536.  The  following  is  the 
inscription  on  the  fly-leaf: 

^rmtfb  in  luriclj 
Be 

Cljnstoffel  ,Jfrosd]oiier 

anb  fiiiisjjtb  on  Ifi  bag  of  Ularcj) 

MDXXXVI. 

It  is  printed  in  the  Swiss  dialect  of  the  German  language,  bound  in  heavy 
wood  backs,  covered  with  loatlier.  with  heavy  iron  clasps  and  corners.  Mr. 
Walter  claims  that  it  is  the  oldest  Bible,  but  one,  in  the  United  States;  and,  for 
a  book  that  is  340  years  old,  it  is  in  a  state  of  excellent  preservation.  It  is 
profusely  illustrated  throughout  the  Old  and  New-  Testaments  with  colored 
engravings  of  Bible  scenes  and  incidents. 

The  village  of  Chatsworth  has  one  of  the  most  beautiful  little  parks  in  this 
section  of  the  country.  It  embraces  just  one  square,  or  block,  in  the  village, 
and  is  very  handsomely  shaded  with  young  maples,  of  which  there  are  over  500 
in  the  enclosure,  making  it  a  fine  place  to  pass  an  hour  or  two  of  a  warm  evening, 
and  a  lovely  pi-omenade  for  the  boj^s  and  girls,  who 

Find  in  their  wooing  much  moonshine  yearning, 
Such  as  young  folks  always  have  when  they  are  learning 
to  be  sweet  on  each  other,  and  yearn  for  moonlight,  solitude  and  the  "  mourn- 
ful cooing  of  the  turtle  dove." 

Chatsworth  Cemetery  was  laid  out  January  4,  1864,  and  an  addition  made 
to  it  March  2,  1865.  It  is  a  pretty  little  burying  ground,  and  the  good  order 
in  which  it  is  kept  shows  a  high  regard  of  the  living  for  the  dead.  The  first 
party  buried  within  its  silent  shades  was  an  old  German  laborer  who  lived,  at 
the  time,  with  Patrick  Monahan,  of  Charlotte  Township,  and  was  buried  on  the 
spot,  before  the  cemetery  was  laid  out.  as  noticed  in  the  history  of  the  latter 
township. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  397 


SAUNEMIN   TOWNSHIP. 


At  the  time  of  the  formation  of  Livingston  County,  Saunerain,  Sullivan, 
Pleasant  Ridge  and  Charlotte  Townships  were  comprised  in  one  election  precinct, 
and  it  so  stood  until  the  second  year  after  townsliip  organization,  when  Pleasant 
Ridge  and  Charlotte  were  struck  off,  as  noted  in  another  place.  When  all  four 
of  these  towns  were  embraced  in  one,  it  was  called  Saunemin,  after  the  old 
sachem  of  the  Kickapoo  Indians,  and  was  given  to  the  precinct  by  Oliver,  of 
the  present  township  of  Chatsworth,  who  settled  there  when  Indians  were 
plenty  in  the  country,  and  knew  the  old  chief  well.  The  present  township  of 
Saunemin  is  about  seven-eighths  prairie  to  one-eighth  of  timber.  The  prairie 
lies  in  gentle  swells,  just  sufficiently  rolling  to  drain  well,  but  not  enough  so  to 
wash,  or  to  be  termed  knolly.  The  native  timber  is  embraced  in  Five-Mile 
Grove,  lying  along  the  borders  of  Five-Mile  Creek,  and  is  a  body  of  very  fine 
timber  but  in  the  midst  of  a  prairie  country,  like  that  by  which  it  is  surrounded, 
it  is  too  small  in  quantity  to  be  of  any  material  benefit,  or  very  profitable  for 
building  purposes. 

The  first  settlement  was  made  in  Saunemin  Township  in  1845,  on  Five-Mile 
Creek,  in  the  northern  part  of  Five-Mile  Grove.  The  honor  of  making  this 
first  settlement  is  given  to  David  Cripliver  and  his  two  sons,  Joseph  and  S.  P. 
Cripliver  Joseph,  who  had  settled  in  Wolf's  Grove  several  years  prior,  came 
to  this  section  and  made  the  claim,  and  then  the  family  came  on,  as  stated  above, 
in  184;").  They  came  from  Indiana,  and  on  their  arrival  in  Five-Mile  Grove, 
went  into  and  occupied  the  old  "Survey  hut,"  until  they  could  erect  a  cabin  of 
their  own.  Joseph  Cripliver  says  w^hen  he  first  settled  in  Wolf's  Grove  in 
1841,  tliere  were  but  eighty-two  voters  in  the  entire  county.  Criplivers  sold 
their  original  claim  to  John  Ridinger,  then  took  up  the  claim  where  they  still 
live.  The  elder  Cripliver  is  dead,  but  his  wife  is  still  living,  and  makes  her 
home  with  her  sons.  , 

John  Ridinger  was  the  next  settler  after  the  Criplivers,  and,  as  already 
stated,  bought  their  original  claim.  He  was  also  from  Indiana,  and  settled  here 
in  the  latter  part  of  1850^  and  is  still  on  the  place  where  he  first  located.  The 
following  settlers  were  also  from  Indiana,  viz. :  Thomas  and  Robert  Spafford 
and  Samuel  Scott.  The  Spaftbrds  were  originally  from  England,  but  had  lived 
some  years  in  Indiana  before  settling  in  this  township  in  18.38.  They  had  made 
their  first  settlement  in  Avoca  Township,  where  they  remained  two  years,  when 
they  came  to  their  present  settlements.  Scott  became  dissatisfied  soon  after  his 
settlement,  sold  out  and  removed  to  Missouri.  Being  discontented  there  also, 
he  returned  to  this  township  within  three  months  from  the  time  he  left  it,  and 
died  in  1874. 

Samuel  L.  Marsh  is  a  genuine  New  England  Yankee,  and  came  from  Wor- 
cester County,  Miiss.,  in  1856.  He  settled  first  in  La  Salle  County,  where  he 
remained  two  years,  when  he  removed  to  Saunemin,  and  settled  where  he  now 


398  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

lives.  He  is  an  enterprising  and  thrifty  farmer :  has  a  good  farm,  and  is  well 
prepai-ed  for  a  "rainy  day.''  whenever  it  may  come.  When  he  settleil  here,  he 
found  quite  a  number  already  in  the  township,  among  which  were  the  Cripliv- 
ers.  Ridingers,  Scott,  and  the  Spaftbrds.  who  have  aheady  been  noticed  iu  the 
earlv  settlements.  There  were  living  here  at  the  time.  also,  the  following  families, 
viz :  T.  W.  Bridia.  Jason  Tattle.  Thomas.  Oliver  and  John  Smith — three 
brothers — Joshua  Cheseb rough.  Thos.  Cleland.  Rev.  Felix  Thornton.  Wm. 
Tounof.  Robert  Miller.  John  S.  Thomas.  James  Funk  and  a  vouns  man  named 
Walter  Good.  Of  these.  T.  W.  Bridia  came  from  the  Green  Mountains  of 
Vermont  orisinallv.  but  senled  first  in  Green  Counrv.  in  this  State,  in  1887, 
where  he  remained  for  twentv  vears  before  coming  to  this  neiffhborhood. 
He  made  a  claim  here,  upon  which  he  still  lives.  His  wife,  however,  who 
shared  with  him  his  early  toils,  has  been  dead  several  yeai-s.  Jason  Tuttle 
came  from  New  York  about  1854.  He  settled  in  Michigan,  where  he  remained 
some  years,  when  he  removed  to  this  township,  where  he  still  lives.  Thomas, 
Oliver  and  John  Smith,  and  Joshua  Chesebrough  were  from  Ohio,  and  settled 
here — the  Smiths  about  1854— o,  and  Chesebrough  a  vear  or  two  later. 
Thomas  Cleland  settled  here  about  the  same  time.  He  was  a  blacksmith,  the 
first  in  the  township,  and  is  now  living  in  Pontiac.  Rev.  Felix  Thornton,  who 
is  noticed  as  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Sullivan,  and  as  the  first  minister  in 
that  town,  settled  here  in  1858.  and  some  years  later  sold  out  and  remove!  to 
Iowa.  William  Young  came  from  New  York  in  1855.  and  bought  the  place 
where  Mariner  now  lives.  He  is  dead,  and  his  widow  is  married  to  Maiiner. 
James  Funk  settled  in  the  neighborhood  in  1852—3,  and  came  from  McLean 
County  to  this  town.  He  opened  the  place  where  Squire  Bridia  now  lives, 
and.  becoming  dissatisfied,  sold  out  and  removed  to  Missouri,  but  after  a  time 
came  back  to  this  settlement,  and  died  in  1867.  His  widow  lives  in  the  south- 
em  part  of  the  township,  near  the  iron  bridge  over  the  Vermilion  River, 
between  this  and  Indian  Grove.  Robt.  Miller  came  from  Marshall  County, 
near  Lacon,  to  this  settlement  in  1856.  John  S.  Thomas  was  an  Englishman, 
and 

*'  Had  roamed  through  many  lands." 

He  came  from  Plainfield.  in  this  State,  and  settled  in  this  township  about  1855. 
As  stated,  he  was  from  England,  and  seems  to  have  been  a  kind  of  ronng 
character,  as  it  is  said  that  he  had  been  all  over  the  world.  But  he  per- 
manently settled  here,  and  died  in  1873.  but  his  widow  still  lives  on  the  old 
homestead.  Walter  Good,  a  single  man,  is  among  the  early  settlers  of  this 
town,  but  of  him  little  is  known  beyond  the  fact  that  he  enlisted  in  the 
army  during  the  late  war.  lost  a  hand  in  battle,  and  never  returned  to  this 
neighborhood.  These  names  comprise  the  settlements  made  up  to  a  period  so 
modem  that  all  who  have  come  since  cannot  very  well  be  placed  under  the 
head  of  earlv  settlers. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  399 

The  sound  of  the  Gospel  is  almost  coeval  with  the  first  settlements  of  Saii- 
riemin  Township.  The  Rev.  Feli.x  Thornton  was  the  first  regular  preacher. 
althout'h  there  had  been  sermons  preache<i  and  religions  services  held  before  he 
settled  in  the  neighborhoo<l.  The  first  permanent  church  society  was  formed 
by  the  Methorlists.  in  the  school  house,  near  where  the  Bethel  Church  now 
stands.  Through  the  influence  and  untiring  energies  of  Rev.  John  Wilkers*ja- 
Pastor,  at  that  time,  of  the  congregation,  funds  enough  were  raised  to  build  a 
church,  and  the  work  was  commenced.  Rev.  Mr.  Wilkerson.  however,  was 
transferred  to  another  field  of  labor  before  the  building  was  finishes!  When 
completed,  it  was  dedicated  by  some  eminent  divine  from  Chicago,  whose  name 
our  informant  had  forgotton.  It  is  an  elegant  frame,  and  was  finished  and 
opened  for  worship  in  1872.  It  is  known  as  the  Bethel  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  and  numbers  eighty  members.  A  Sabbath  school,  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  Mr.  C.  C.  Boys,  has  been  established  by  the  church,  and  is.  at  the 
present  writing,  in  a  very  flourishing  condition  and  well  attended. 

A  societv  of  the  Christian  Church  was  formed  in  1871,  in  the  same  scht^ol 
house  in  which  the  Methodist  Church  was  organized.  They  have  no  church 
buildino-.  and  still  hold  their  meetings  in  the  school  house.  Rev.  W.  P.  Carith- 
ers  ort^anized  the  church,  «nd  is  still  its  Pastor,  with  a  membership  of  eightv-sLx. 
A  larcre  and  flourishing  Sunday  school  is  maintained,  with  ^Villiam  Watts  as 
Superintendent. 

The  United  Brethren  formed  a  church  in  this  township  in  1867.  under  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  Mr.  Elliott.  Rev.  Mr.  Robinson  was  the  first  Unite<l  Breth- 
ren preacher  in  the  neighborhood.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Mitchell  is  the  present  preacher, 
and  the  school  house  is  used  as  their  sanctuary. 

There  has  also  been  a  society  of  the  Presbyterians  recently  organized  in  this 
school  house.*  Formerly,  there  was  a  Congregational  Church  in  the  township, 
but  it  dwindled  down  to  a  handful  and  then  died  out,  and  this  Presbyterian 
Church  has  been  organized  on  its  ruins.  Rev.  D.  A.  Wallace  is  the  present 
Pastor.  A  Union  Sunday  school  of  this  and  the  United  Brethren  is  carried  on 
at  the  school  house,  where  the  churches  hold  their  religiotis  meetings. 

The  first  school  house  was  built  of  logs,  about  the  year  1854.  and  Miss  Julia 
Hamlin  is  supposed  to  have  taught  the  first  school  in  it.  which  was  the  first  in 
the  township.  The  first  school  house  built  by  public  funds  was  in  1863,  and 
Mrs.  Bridia,  nee  Lilly,  taught  the  first  school  in  it.  She  commenced  her  school 
in  the  little  log  school  house,  before  this  was  finished,  but,  on  its  completion, 
moved  into  the  new  edifice,  where  she  finished  out  the  session.  The  first  School 
Treasurer  in  the  township  was  Thomas  N.  Smith.  The  first  school  record  we 
were  able  to  find  dates  back  to  April  7.  1862.  On  this  date,  the  Trustees  held 
a  meeting.  The  Board,  at  the  time,  was  composed  of  Jason  Tuttle,  John  Cotrell 
and  S.  P.  Cripliver.  There  seems  to  have  been  but  little  business  transacted, 
save  the  apportionment  of  the  funds  on  hand,  which  amounted  to  §o56.72. 

*Bc-thel  Methodist  Church  i«  the  onW  church  boildtng  in  the  town. 


400  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


among 


the  three  school  districts  then  in  the  town.  Two  new  districts  were 
created  at  this  meeting,  as  previous  to  this  date  the  entire  town  was  one  school 
district.  Samuel  L.  Marsh  was  elected  School  Treasurer  at  the  regular  meet- 
ing, April  11,  1864,  an  office  he  still  holds.  At  the  annual  meeting,  April, 
1867,  we  find  there  were  five  districts,  and  there  was  the  additional  sum  on 
hand  of  $222.03,  which  Avas  apportioned  among  the  five  districts  as  follows, 
viz.:  District  No.  1,  $102.13;  District  No.  2,  |64.60 ;  District  No.  3, 
121.71 ;  District  No.  4,  $20.02  ;  District  No.  5,  $13.52.  From  Mr.  Marsh's 
last  annual  report  we  take  the  folloAving : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years 240 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  "21  years 244 

Total ~^484 

Number  of  males  between  6  and  21  in  township 16^J 

Number  of  females  between  6  and  21  in  township 156 

Total ^^"^ 

Number  of  males  attending  school l^b 

Number  of  females  attending  school 1-2 

Total ^^^ 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed • '^' 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 1^ 

Total ^^ 

Estimated  value  of  school  property S?4,000  00 

School  fund  of  township ^•^'^^  '^^ 

Tax  levy  for  support  of  schools l.-j-y  84 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  teachers..... '*'^  ^ 

Lowest  monthly  wages  paid  teachers ^o  \jv 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers 2,088  :^H 

There  are  at  present  nine  School  Districts  in  the  town,  in  eight  of  which 
there  are  good,  comfortable  frame  school  houses,  and  the  coming  Winter  there 
is  a  house  to  be  put  up  in  District  No.  9,  which  has  recently  been  created.  The 
Board  of  Trustees  at  present  is  composed  of  the  following  gentlemen  :  William 
C.  Burley,  Wm.  T.  Bridia  and  James  M.  Rhodes. 

Joseph  Cripliver  Avas  the  first  party  living  in  Saunemin  to  perpetrate  the  act 
of  matrimony.  He  married  in  Grundy  County  in  1851.  The  first  marriage 
ceremony  solemnized  in  this  township  was  Miss  Scott  (now  Mrs.  Mariner)  and 
William  Young,  but  the  exact  date  of  it  we  Avere  unable  to  learn.  Catherine 
Ellen,  daughter  of  Joseph  Cripliver,  Avas  the  first  birth  in  the  township,  and 
occurred  in  January,  1852.  The  first  death  was  probably  the  wife  of  John 
Martin,  in  March,  1855.  A  couple  of  twin  children  of  John  Ridinger  died  in 
March,  1855.  also,  and  some  are  of  the  opinion  that  they  died  before  Mrs.  Mar- 
tin, Avhile  others  believe  to  the  contrary. 

A  sad  occurrence  which  took  place  in  this  toAvnship  will  come  in  appropri- 
ately in  this  connection.  In  the  Summer  of  1858,  a  woman  was  drowned  in 
Five-Mile  Creek,  about  one  mile  from    the  present  residence  of  S.  L.  Marsh. 


PONTIAC 


e  A'C^ 


I' 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  403 

She  was  traveling  through  the  country  alone,  and  had  called  at  the  house  of 
Mr.  Thomas  the  evening  before  she  was  drowned,  but  had  not,  it  seems,  given  a 
very  definite  or  satisfactory  account  of  herself,  and  had  left  late  in  the  evening. 
The  next  day  she  was  found  in  Five-Mile  Creek,  "cold  in  death."  Who  she 
was.  whence  she  came,  or  Avhither  going,  none  ever  knew  beyond  mere  supposi- 
tion, which  was,  that  she  belonged  to  a  company  of  emigrants  who  had  passed 
that  way  some  time  before ;  had  become  dissatisfied  and  homesick,  and  was  try- 
ing to  get  back  to  the  old  home  of  her  childhood,  when  fate  overtook  her,  and 
her  destiny  was  brought  to  an  abrupt  close.  The  people  generously  and  kindly 
took  the  remains  and  decently  interred  them  in  their  little  grave  yard  in  Five 
Mile  Grove.  There  they  still  repose,  and  her  friends,  if  she  had  any,  are  igno- 
rant of  her  fate  to  the  present  day. 

Saunemin  Post  Office,  the  first  in  the  township,  was  established  in  1869,  and 
A.  W.  Parks  was  the  first  Postmaster.  He  held  the  office  for  two  years,  when 
George  D.  Paddock  became  Postmaster,  an  office  he  still  holds.  The  first  store 
was  opened  by  Paddock  in  the  Fall  of  1871,  and  is  still  in  successful  operation. 
It  is  located  in  the  little  village  of  Bethel,  or,  more  properly  speaking,  Saunemin. 
The  Methodist  Church,  which  is  located  here,  is  called  Bethel,  and  hence  the 
name  is  often  applied  to  the  village,  while  the  name  of  the  post  office  is  Saune- 
min. Another  store  was  opened  here  in  1874,  by  J.  H.  Richter,  which  still 
exists,  but  the  stock  has  run  down,  it  is  supposed  for  the  purpose  of  quitting 
business.  In  addition  to  the  two  stores  mentioned,  and  the  chui-ch,  there  is  a 
good,  comfortable  school  house,  a  shoe  shop  kept  by  Homer  Tiffany,  a  black- 
smith shop  by  A.  W.  Young,  and  some  half  a  dozen  residences.  These  items 
comprise  the  hamlet  or  village  of  Saunemin. 

T.  W.  Bridia  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  this  township,  and  the 
first  Supervisor  after  Sullivan  was  separated  and  set  off.  Thomas  Cleland  was 
the  first  blacksmith,  and  for  a  number  of  years  the  only  one  in  the  township. 
The  first  bridge  in  the  town  was  a  rude  wooden  affair,  built  over  Five  Mile 
Creek.  In  the  Fall  of  1876,  an  elegant  iron  bridge  was  put  up  over  Five  Mile. 
Creek,  where  the  principal  road  crosses  leading  to  Pontiac. 

Mr.  Cripliver  informed  us  that,  when  he  settled  in  Five  Mile  Grove,  there 
was  not  a  family  living  nearer  than  five  miles.  They  used  to  go  down  in 
Indian  Grove,  visiting,  and  thought  that  but  a  short  trip.  The  small  body  of 
timber  in  Five  Mile  Grove  did  not  present  many  attractions  to  those  in  hunt  of 
homes,  and  the  value  of  the  prairies  was  yet  undiscovered. 

When  Saunemin  included  Sullivan,  Pleasant  Ridge  and  Charlotte  in  its 
territorial  limits,  and  after  the  county  had  adopted  township  organization,  Isaac 
Wilson,  now  of  Pleasant  Ridge,  was  the  Supervisor.  After  they  had  been 
divided  up,  and  Saunemin  became  a  township  of  itself,  T.  W.  Bridia  was  the 
first  Supervisor  and  Joshua  Chesebrough  the  first  Town  Clerk.  At  present, 
the  township  officers  are  as  follows  :  Thomas  Spafford,  Supervisor ;  Thomas 
Spafford  and  Geo.  D.   Paddock,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  0.  H.  P.  Noel,  As- 


404  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

sessor;  George  Dally,  Collector;  C.  F.  H.  Carithers,  Town  Clerk.  George 
Langford,  of  this  township,  was  elected  Clerk  of  Livingston  County,  and  held 
the  office  for  the  term  preceding  Mr.  Wait,  the  present  incumbent,  discharging 
the  duties  with  entire  satisfaction  to  himself  and  the  county. 

The  little  cemetery  in  Five  Mile  Grove  was  laid  out  in  the  early  settlement 
of  the  township.  The  first  of  the  grounds  was  one  acre  donated  by  John 
Ridinger,  and  afterward  the  town  bought  one  acre  more,  and  then  had  the 
cemetery  incorporated.  As  stated  in  another  place,  Mrs.  Martin  and  Ridinger'* 
twin  children  were  among  the  first  burials  in  it. 

In  the  days  of  Whigs  and  Democrats,  Saunemin  ToAvnshipwas  Democratic, 
but  since  1860  it  has  been  largely  Republican.  When  the  Grange  movement 
was  in  the  noontide  of  its  glory,  it  controlled  the  elections  in  this  town,  irre- 
spective of  political  parties  ;  but  of  late  it  has  fallen  back  on,  not  first,  but 
second  principles — otherwise,  is  Republican  again. 

In  the  late  war,  it  did  its  duty  nobly  in  furnishing  soldiers  for  the  Union 
army.  Many  who  went  to  the  front  never  returned.  On  the  Southern  plains, 
where  their  valor  won  for  them  a  soldier's  death,  they  sleep,  no  more  to  answer 
to  roll-call  until  the  great  reveille  shall  sound  in  the  last  day.  The  town  had 
but  one  draft  during  the  war,  and  for  only  six  men.  The  lucky  ones  were  William 
Young,  George  Gray,  Peter  Munson  and  three  brothers— Thomas,  Oliver  and 
John  C.  Smith.  All  other  calls  were  filled  as  soon  as  made,  either  by  volun- 
teers or  substitutes. 

Albigence  Marsh,  the  father  of  Samuel  L.  Marsh,  lives  with  his  sou,  as  also 
the  latter's  father-in-law,  Mr.  Lee.  The  elder  Marsh  is  87  years  old,  and  quite 
a  sprightly  old  man.  He  was  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  went  out  in  the  regiment 
of  Col.  Jonathan  Lyon,  but  did  not  remain  long  in  the  service  before  being  dis- 
charged and  sent  home.  Mr.  Lee,  Mrs.  Marsh's  father,  is  81  years  old,  and  as 
vigorous  as  many  men  at  50.  We  were  shown  a  very  handsome  "what-not" 
made  by  him  for  his  daughter  since  he  entered  the  "80s,"  and  which  would 
grace  the  most  elegant  parlor.  He  is  a  fine  mechanic,  or  has  been  in  his  day, 
and  many  a  pretty  piece  of  furniture  in  Mr,  Marsh's  dwelling  bears  witness  to 
his  mechanical  genius. 

AMITY  TOWNSHIP. 

t  1833—1878.  But  little  more  than  forty  years  !  Only  half  of  a  good  life- 
time. A  very  short  period  when  past.  And  when  our  vision,  in  its  backward 
glance,  is  confined  to  our  own  narrow  lives,  how  little  has  been  done !  Yet 
when  we  look  around  lis,  and  compare  the  present  with  the  past,  allowing  our 
imagination  to  run  carefully  over  the  intervening  period,  we  are  amazed  at 
what  has  been  accomplished.  Forty  years  ago,  where  stands  the  proud  city  of 
Chicago,  with  its  half  million  inhabitants,  its  tunnels,  its  water  works,  its  custom 
house  and  its  magnificent  system  of  railroads,  was  a  small  dilapidated,  Avooden 
town,  located  in  a  marsh.  More  than  this,  forty  years  has  seen  this  same  town 
rise  and  fall  and  rise  again. 


HISTOKV  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  405 

Forty  years  agu,  there  was  not  a  railroad  in  the  State,  now  there  are  thou- 
sands of  miles.  In  forty  years,  all  of  this  country  has  been  netted  over  with 
telegraph  wires,  so  that  friends  and  business  men  and  officials  converse  as  readily 
between  New  York  and  San  Francisco,  and  between  New  Orleans  and  Chicago, 
as  did  neighbors  across  the  hedge  that  separated  their  lots  fort}^  years  ago. 
Forty  years  have  witnessed  two  bloody  wars  in  which  this  country  has  been 
involved.  Mexico  has  given  up  her  most  valuable  possession  to  the  United 
States,  and  8,000,000  of  slaves  have  been  set  at  liberty.  Within  forty  years. 
10,000,000  of  the  oppressed  of  other  countries  have  found  a  home  in  this  free 
land,  many  of  whom  have  become  citizens  of  this  State,  this  county,  this 
township. 

During  the  period  named,  wonderful  changes  have  come  to  the  West  in 
particular.  At  the  former  date,  the  county  of  Livingston  had  not  yet  been 
organized.  Not  a  town,  not  a  school  house,  not  a  church  building  in  all  the 
territory  now  embraced  within  its  limits,  had  been  built.  In  all  of  the  thirty 
townships  were  not  half  as  many  inhabitants,  and  less  than  one-tenth  the  Avealth 
now  contained  in  Amity  alone.  Indeed,  had  these  remarks  been  confined  to 
the  last  thirty  years,  they  would  have  been  almost  as  appro])riate ;  as  the  events 
mentioned  have  almost  all  transpired  within  that  time. 

Forty-five  years  ago,  no  white  man  had  ever  called  what  is  now  embraced 
in  Amity  Township  his  home.  In  the  year  1838,  Thomas  N.  Reynolds,  Sam- 
uel K.  Reynolds  and  E.  Breckinridge  found  their  way  to  this  then  desolate 
place,  and,  selecting  spots  on  which  to  build,  erected  for  themselves  and  families 
little  cabins,  in  which  they  lived  for  some  years. 

The  farm  on  which  the  Reynoldses  built  is  the  same  now  known  as  the  J.  P. 
Houston  farm.  His  wife  was  the  first  white  person  buried  in  the  township.  She 
lived  but  a  few  ^^ears  after  coming  to  the  country.  The  coffin  used  to  inclose  her 
remains  was  such  as  served  the  purpose  of  many  a  worthy  pioneer.  It  was  con- 
structed by  splitting  open  a  walnut  log  and  scooping  out  sufficient  from  each 
portion  to  admit  the  body.  These  two  troughs  were  then  placed  together  in 
their  original  position,  and.  in  this  rude  casket,  Mrs.  Reynolds,  the  pioneer 
woman  of  this  township,  awaits  the  call  to  proceed  to  a  better  country,  where 
frontier  hardships  are  not  known. 

Of  a  large  number  of  the  name  who  eventually  made  this  their  home,  onlv 
Samuel  K.  Reynolds  still  remains.     All  others  have  either  removed  or  died. 

Breckinridge  made  some  improvements  and  built  a  cabin  on  the  James 
McKee  farm.  He  remained  here  about  ten  years,  until  he  found  he  was  beino- 
"crowded,"  and  then  pushed  on  further  west  into  the  newer  country  •'beyond 
the  Mississippi."  These  three,  with  nearly  all  who  sought  this  part  of  the 
county  for  a  number  of  years,  were  from  the  State  of  Ohio ;  and  this  was,  in 
reality,  as  it  was  named,  the  "Buckeye"  neighborhood. 

The  next  year,  1884,  Thomas  Prindle  came  out  from  Ohio  and  located  in 
the  southeastern   part.     Prindle  was  a  blacksmith,  as  well  as  a  farmer.     He 


406  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

erected  a  shop  and  plied  his  anvil  for  the  accommodation  of  himself  and  his  few 
neighbors  while  he  stayed.  But  the  light  of  his  forge  and  the  light  of  his  life 
went  out  together  in  1845,  and  for  thirty-three  years  his  anvil  has  been  silent. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1834  and  the  early  part  of  1885,  a  large  number  of 
families  followed  the  ones  already  mentioned  from  the  Buckeye  region,  at  least 
six  of  which  came  to  this  township.  They  were  John  W.,  Joseph,  Stephen  and 
Cornelius  W.  Reynolds — brothers  and  cousins  of  the  two  who  came  in  1833 — 
William  Springer  and  Thomas  Campbell. 

John  W.  Reynolds  was  one  of  the  first  Justices  of  the  Peace  of  Bayou  Pre- 
cinct, and  performed  the  ceremony  of  marrying  the  first  couple  in  the  township. 
The  happy  parties  on  tlie  occasion  were  Isaac  Painter  and  Nancy  Springer. 
The  nuptials  were  celebrated  in  1840 — perhaps  a  year  earlier.  The  first  mill 
built  in  the  county  was  constructed  by  John  W.  Reynolds,  soon  after  his  arrival. 
It  was  as  primitive  an  afiFair  as  any  of  the  institutions  of  its  time,  being  nothing 
more  than  a  corn  cracker,  the  motive  power  of  which  was  furnished  by  a  horse. 
Though  a  very  rude  concern,  it  was  a  very  convenient  one  for  this  neighbor- 
hood, and  was  well  patronized.  But  its  proprietor  "ground  the  last  grist,"  and 
"  took  his  last  toll"  thirty-five  years  ago. 

Joseph  Reynolds  was  a  young,  unmarried  man,  and  lived  with  his  brothers 
Thomas  and  Samuel  K.  He  was  the  first  Sheriff' of  Livingston  County,  being 
elected  May  8,  1837,  at  a  county  election  held  at  the  house  of  Andrew 
McMillan.  His  opponent  was  Simeon  S.  Mead.  He  was  probably  a  popular 
man,  as  he  received,  out  of  the  eighty-five  votes  cast,  more  than  eight-ninths. 

At  this  same  election,  another  brother,  Cornelius  W.  Reynolds,  was  a  can- 
didate for  a  county  office,  that  of  Surveyor ;  but  no  doubt  the  people  thought 
one  county  office  in  a  family  was  enough,  for  he  was  beaten  by  Isaac  Whicher, 
who  received  a  small  majority.  C.  W.  was  a  physician,  and,  after  election, 
went  to  Pontiac  and  practiced  medicine  a  little,  acted  as  Deputy  Sheriff  for  his 
brother,  was  Postmaster  of  Pontiac,  and  was  afterward  elected  Clerk  of  the 
Court.  He  finally  removed  to  Ottawa,  at  which  place  he  is  still  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession. 

Stephen  Reynolds  resided  in  the  township  until  his  death,  which  occurred 
about  seventeen  years  since. 

William  Springer  was  the  forerunner  of  a  large  family,  who  came  to  the 
county  two  years  afterward.  He  lived  only  a  year  or  two  after  his  relatives 
came  out. 

Thomas  Campbell  settled  on  Section  5,  arriving  at  the  place  on  the  5th  of 
July  of  the  year  named.  He  continued  his  residence  here  until  November, 
1865,  which  is  the  date  of  his  death.  His  son,  Thomas  M.,  still  occupies  the 
old  homestead. 

In  1836,  H.  M.  D.  Morris,  Thomas  Armon,  William  Reynolds  and  Samuel 
Boyer  made  their  advent  into  the  neighborhood.  The  first  three  were  from 
Indiana,  and  the  last  from  Pennsylvania. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  407 

Morris  settled  on  Section  IT,  on  Short  Point.  He  was  the  first  preacher  in 
the  township.  He  was  not  an  itinerant,  but  a  local  Methodist  exhorter,  who 
farmed  all  week  and  preached  on  Sunday  at  the  cabins  in  the  neighborhood  or 
in  the  grove — ''  God's  first  temple  " — as  the  weather  or  the  occasion  seemed  to 
indicate.  Mr.  Morris  died  here  in  1848.  His  son,  Chester  Morris,  still  occu- 
pies the  old  place. 

William  Reynolds  was  not  a  relative  of  the  others  of  that  name,  who  had 
settled  here  previously,  but  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Morris  and  Armon,  they 
having  married  sisters  of  his.  He  was  himself  a  bachelor,  and  remained  here 
but  a  few  years,  when  he  removed  to  Oregon,  where  he  lived  until  about  fifteen 
years  ago,  when  he  returned  on  a  visit,  staying  here  a  short  time,  and  then 
locating  permanently  in  Iowa. 

Samuel  Boyer's  name  was  one  of  the  most  familiar  in  the  early  days.  He 
was  a  man  of  means,  education  and  piety,  and,  withal,  very  industrious  and 
economical.  He  brought  with  him,  from  his  native  State,  all  of  the  wagons  and 
farming  implements  needed  in  the  cultivation  of  his  land,  bringing  them  all  the 
way  by  boat  down  the  Oliio,  up  the  Mississippi,  and  thence  up  the  Illinois  to 
Hennepin.  He  was  particularly  interested  in  all  religious  services,  and  his  house 
was  always  open  to  the  public  for  meetings  of  this  kind,  and  his  home  was  the 
home  of  the  missionary  or  others  of  •'  the  cloth."  He  was  one  of  the  first  School 
Commissioners,  though  the  duties  of  the  office  then  did  not  necessarily  require 
either  a  man  of  leisure  or  great  ability,  there  being  but  three  very  small  schools 
in  the  county,  and  the  course  of  instruction  being  of  the  most  primary  char- 
acter.    His  son,  Isaiah  Boyer,  resides  in  the  village  of  Cornell. 

The  year  1837  brought  several  new  families  to  this  locality,  among  which 
were  two  of  the  most  worthy  and  solid  that  have  ever  made  this  their  home. 
Thomas  Louderback  and  Uriah  Springer  were  both  from  Ohio,  and  came  to  the 
township  within  a  few  days  of  each  other.  They  both  had  large  families,  and, 
inasmuch  as  they  were  all  of  the  most  estimable  character,  their  coming  was  a 
valuable  accession,  not  only  to  the  neighborhood,  but  to  the  whole  county. 
From  that  day  to  this,  the  word  of  a  Louderback  passes  for  currency  wherever  it 
is  heard.  The  Louderbacks  had  lived  a  few  years  in  Vermilion  County,  before 
coming  to  Amity  Township.  The  sons.  Liberty,  Mills  and  Levi,  are  still  here, 
and  Thomas,  Jr.,  is  in  Iowa,  having  left  this  place  eight  years  ago.  The^ 
elder  Thomas  Louderback  died  in  1854,  his  wife  having  preceded  him  twelve 
years.  The  old  homestead  on  Scattering  Point  is  still  in  the  possession  of,  and 
occupied  by  the  family.  Uriah  Springer  and  sons,  Levi  and  Joseph,  and  son- 
in-law,  D.  M.  Prindle.  arrived  about  ten  days  after  the  Louderbacks,  and  settled 
on  South  Point. 

Springer  had  been  a  man  of  some  political  standing  in  his  native  State,  and 
had  held  the  office  of  Magistrate  for  twenty  years.  When  he  came  to  the 
county,  he  was  somewhat  advanced  in  years,  but.  notAvithstanding.  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  Associate  Justice  of  the  county,  in  the  discharge  of  which  duties 


408  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

he  gave  good  satisfaction.  He,  with  Thomas  Barton  and  A.  J.  Gibnore,  erected 
the  first  real  flour  mill  in  the  county,  in  1838.  The  latter  two  were  from  Mc- 
Lean County,  and  came  to  this  place  for  the  purpose  named.  The  mill,  how- 
ever, was  but  partially  successful,  as  the  builders  were  not  practical  architects 
and  millers.  The  mill  was  located  on  the  site  of  what  is  now  known  as  the 
Dodwell  Mill. 

D.  M,  Prindle  was  cousin  of  Thomas,  who  had  preceded  him  three  years, 
and  who  had  induced  him  to  emigrate.  He  was  a  great  singer,  and  led  that  part 
of  the  service  in  all  the  religious  meetings.  There  were  no  organs  or  church 
choirs  in  his  time,  and  he  pitched  the  tune  and  sang  the  hymn  as  he  was  moved 
by  the  spirit,  "lining  out  the  verse"  to  enable  all  of  the  worshipers  to  join  in 
the  exercise.  Prindle's  voice  was  hushed,  however,  more  than  twenty  years 
ago,  and  he  now  sings  a  new  song  in  the  great  temple  above.  The  years  1838 
and  1839  brought  two  men  to  this  township,  of  whose  advent  the  town  and  the 
county  are  thankful. 

Walter  Cornell  came  from.  Maine,  and  has  been  notorious  as  a  leader  in  every 
movement  calculated  to  benefit  the  community.  He  has  held  several  county  offices, 
among  which  are  named  those  of  Treasurer,  School  Commissioner  and  County 
Assessor,  and  has  filled  many  positions  of  minor  importance  in  the  township. 
He  was  the  first  and,  until  last  Spring,  the  only  Postmaster  of  Cornell,  having 
filled  the  position  since  the  establishment  of  the  same. 

Amos  Edwards,  formerly  from  New  York,  but  directly  from  Ohio,  was  a 
school  teacher  in  those  States,  and  had  "wielded  the  ferule  and  the  birch  "  for 
a  dozen  years  before  coming  here.  He  was  the  first  resident  teacher  in  this 
part  of  the  county,  though  to  him  does  not  belong  the  honor  of  pioneer  educa- 
tor in  Amity  Township,  as  he  did  not  engage  in  the  profession  at  once  after  his 
location ;  otherwise  he  would  have  received  the  credit,  for  up  to  this  time  no 
steps  had  been  taken  to  open  a  school.  The  first  school  taught  in  this  part  of 
the  county  was  opened  in  a  small  cabin,  that  had  been  built  and  occupied  as  a 
dwelling  by  E.  Breckenridge.  The  school  was  kept  b}^  Martha  Rutherford,  and 
the  enterprise  bid  fair  to  be  a  great  success,  but  "  Uncle  Johnny  "  Foster,  of 
Pontiac,  had  found  out  the  worth  of  the  young  lady  ;  and  to  the  regret  and 
somewhat  to  the  disgust  of  the  community,  he  paid  her  frequent  visits,  and 
finally  j)ersuaded  her  to  desert  the  school  and  turn  her  attention  to  conjugal 
matters.  To  be  plain  about  it,  Foster's  wife  having  died,  and  he  being  sadly  in 
need  of  some  one  to  look  after  his  domestic  affairs,  married  her.  The  school 
consisted  of  only  a  dozen  children,  their  tuition  being  paid  for  by  subscription 
at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per  term.  "  Uncle  Johnny  "  says,  if  they  don't  like  the 
part  he  took  in  this  matter,  they  needn't  grumble,  as  some  of  them  still  owe  for 
their  tuition. 

The  same  year,  1840,  the  first  school  house  was  erected.  This  was  not  only 
the  first  in  the  township,  but,  as  indicated  by  the  United  States  census  taken 
that  year,  was  one  of  only  three  in  the  Avhole  county.     Doubtless  a  description 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  409 

of  it  will  be  interesting  to  very  many  of  our  readers.     Interested  i)arties,  to 
the  number  of  eight  or  ten,  came  together,  by  appointment,  bringing  with  them 
their  axes,  saws  and  whatever  implements  they  possessed,  and  built  it  on  the 
mutual  assistance  plan.     Small  trees  were  felled  and  cut  to  the  length  of  eighteen 
feet.     Notches  were  cut  in  each  end,  to  admit  of  others  designed  to  rest  thm-eon. 
Then  the  logs  were  built  up  in  the  manner  of  constructing  a  rail  pen.     When 
the  building  had  been  raised  to  a  sufficient  height,  openings  were  cut  out  for  a 
door,  fire  place  and  windows.      The  cracks  between  the  logs  were  "chinked  "— 
that  is,  partially  filled  with  small  pieces  of  wood  wedged  in— and  then  daubed 
with  mud.     The  roof  was  of  "clap-boards,"  very  large  shingles  split  from  the 
bodies  of  straight-grained  trees  ;    and  these  were  held   in  their  places  by  the 
weight  of  poles  laid  thereon.     In  the  building  of  King  Solomon's  Temple,"  it  is 
found  worthy  of  record  that  it  was  constructed  "without  the  sound  of  axe,  hammer 
<.r  other  tool  of  iron."      In  our  temple  of  learning,  it  is  worthy  of  note  that 
not  a  nail  or  any  other  piece  of  iron  entered  into  its  composition.      The  door 
was  made  of   slabs  split  from  the  trees,   after    the    manner  of  the  shingles, 
and  the  boards  were  pinned  together  with  wooden  pins.      The  door  was  hung 
on  wooden  hinges,  and  fastened  with  a  wooden  latch,  which  only  the  ingenuity 
of  the  backwoodsman  can  invent.      The  latch  was  raised  by  means  of  a  leather 
thong,  attached  to  it,  and  hung  through  a  small  auger  hole,  a  few  inches  above. 
This  was  a  very  common  method  of  fastening  the  doors  of  the  ancient  cabins, 
and  originated  the  saying  that  the  "latch  string  is  out."     The  floor  was  made 
of  "puncheons"  or  logs  split  in  two  parts,  each  of  which,  with  its  flat  surface 
turned  upward,  rested  on  the  ground.     The  desks  were  broad  boards,  resting  on 
strong  pins,  driven  into  the  wall.     The  seats  were  constructed   of   slabs,  into 
the  ends  of  which  were  inserted  wooden  pins,  serving  as  legs  or  supports.     These 
benches  were  placed  in  front  of  the  desks  ;  and,  while  the  children  studied  from 
their  books,  they  made  the  sharp  edge  of  the  desk  the  support  for  their  backs. 
When  writing  time  came,  the  little  fellows  elevated  their  heels  to  a  horizontal 
line  with  their  eyes,  and,  by  a  movement  which  can   be   more  easily  imagined 
than   described,  and  which   must  be  learned  by  experience  to  be  accompHshed 
gracefully,  performed  a  half  revolution  of  the  body,  bringing  the  face  toward 
the  desk.      When  writing  was  over,  a  reverse  process  brought  them  to  the  origi- 
nal postui-e.      The  chimney  and  fireplace  were  composed  of  small  sticks,  built 
up  after  the  manner  of   the  house,  and  plastered  with  mud,  the  fireplace  being 
very  ample,  to  admit  of  large  logs  used  for  fuel.     The  windows,  however,  were 
the  parts  which  displayed   peculiar  ingenuity.     Glass   was  too  expensive,  and 
had  the  further  objection  of  allowing  the  glaring  rays  of  the  sun  to  enter  the  room, 
-and  also  of  permitting  the  children  to  look  out,  thereby  diverting  their  attention 
from  their  studies.     So,  instead  of  using  the  trasparent  medium,  a  translucent 
one  was  invented.     Strong  white  paper  was  thoroughly  soaked  in  oil  or  lard, 
and  this  process  rendered  it  permeable  to  light,  sufficient  for  the  purpose,  and 
also  dispensed  with  extra  blinds.     The  house  was  located  on  Section  16,  near 


410  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

the  northwest  corner,  and  thus,  bemg  near  the  center,  was  not  only  designed 
for  the  use  of  the  whole  community,  but  was  amply  commodious,  accommodating 
pupils  from  what  is  now  known  as   Rook's  Creek   Township.     The  first  term 
taught   in    this    academy,    seminary    or    institution  was  by  Elizabeth   Miller, 
afterward  wife  of  William  Eaton.     This  was  also  a  subscription  school,  of  three 
months,  and  tuition  was  $1.50  per  term.     The   branches  taught  were  reading, 
spelling,  a  little  arithmetic  and  writing.     In  the  last  named  branch  the  teacher 
was  required,  not  only  to  understand  the  art  itself,  but  also  an  art  which  may 
now  almost  be  counted  as  one  of  the  ''lost  arts" — that  of  making  a  pen  out  of 
a  "oose-quill ;    and  there  are  many  who  yet  survive   that   declare  that  no  pen 
has  ever  been  invented  which  writes  like  the  quill  pen,  as  made  with  the  school- 
master's pen-knife.     The  "Scattering  Point  Institute"  served  its  purpose  well, 
and  in  it  was  received  much  sound  instruction  ;    and  many  still  remember  the 
days  spent  within  its  walls,  and  the  precepts  of  Betsey  Miller  and  her  successors, 
as  the  most  pleasant  period   in  their  lives.      However,  by  1849,  "Scattering 
Point  Institute  "  had  outlived  its  day,  its  size  and  location  being  no  longer  ade- 
quate to  the  increased  population  and  the  location  of  the  newer  settlers.     So, 
with  many  regrets,  it  was  abandoned,  and  two  new  institutions,  built  much   on 
the  same  plan,  and  with  like  specifications  and  details,  though  somewhat  larger, 
were  erected  in  portions  of  the  township  convenient  for  tlie  patrons.     The  course 
of   instruction,  salary,  etc.,  were   about    the    same    as    in    their    ])redecessor. 
Teachers  received  |1.50  to  $2.00  per  week,  and  "boarded  'round." 

The  year  1840  brought  to  the  neighborhood  two  reliable  and  solid  men — Philip 
Nigh  and  Charles  Earp.  They  were  both  from  Ohio,  and  still  reside  in  the  township. 
Philip  Dean  was  a  contractor  on  the  Illinois  &   Michigan  Canal,  which  was 
being  constructed  at  this  time,  and  entered  some  land  and  resided   for  a  few 
years  in  the  township.     He  brought  with  him  a  few  goods,  and  kept  them  for 
sale.    After  his  removal,  he  went  to  Chicago,  of  which  city  he  has  been  Mayor. 
Moses  and  Hiram  Allen  removed  to  this  part  of  the  county,  from  Ohio,  in 
1837,  the  year  the  county  was  organized.     The  former  was  a  man  of  more  than 
ordinary  character.     He  held  several  offices  of  trust  and  honor,  among  which  was 
that  of  Supervisor  of  the  town.  He  and  his  brother  have  both  been  dead  some  years. 
The  Mormon  troubles  at  Nauvoo,  1840-45,  were  the  means  of  bringing  to 
this  township  a  good  family.     James  Bradley,  who  had  professed  the  faith  and 
taken  up  his  residence  in  the  Mormon  territory,  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  set- 
tlement, instead  of  following  the  fortunes  of  Brigham  Young,  came  with  his 
family  to  this  vicinity.     Joseph  Smith,  it  will  be  remembered,  never  professed 
polygamy  ;  on  the  contrary,  his  lineal  descendant,  Joseph  Smith,  Jr.,  utterly 
opposed  that  peculiar  institution  and  became  the  acknowledged  head  of  all  the 
dissenting  Mormons  throughout   the   States,   establishing  his  headquarters  at 
Piano,  111.,  where  he  still  resides.     To  this  branch  Mr.  Bradley  and  those  who 
settled  in  Broughton  Township  afterward  held  allegiance. 

Some  of  the  implements  of  agriculture,  used  in   the  early  times,  were  as 
primitive  as  the  methods  of  education.     At  first,  it  was  not  supposed  that  the 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  411 

vast  prairies  to  the  east  and  west  would  ever  be  utilized.  The  little  bar-share 
plow,  with  the  wooden  mold-board,  in  common  use  in  the  Eastern  States,  was 
not  to  be  thought  of  to  turn  over  the  prairie  sod,  matted  thick  Avith  grass  roots 
as  hard  almost  as  hickory  withes.'  But  soon  the  inventive  genius  of  the  Yankee 
supplied  an  article,  though  somewhat  rude  and  unwieldy,  with  which  most  of  these 
plains  have  been  brought  to  cultivation.  The  original  ''  sod  plow  "  is  seen  na 
more,  as  it  has  long  since  outlived  its  usefulness.  It  consisted  of  a  large  share, 
cutting  a  furrow  of  two  feet  in  width,  with  iron  bars  for  a  mold-board.  The 
beam  of  the  machine  was  fifteen  feet  in  length.  No  handles  were  needed, 
though  sometimes  they  were  attached,  but  were  used  only  for  the  purpose  of 
starting  or  throwing  it  out  of  the  ground.  To  this  immense  niacliine  were 
hitched  five  to  eight  yokes  of  oxen. 

The  breaking  was  usually  done  late  iti  the  Spring,  and  with  the  turning 
over  of  the  sod  was  deposited  seed,  which  produced  an  inferior  crop  of  corn  the 
first  year,  which  grew  and  ripened  without  further  attention.  From  this  crop 
has  come  the  brand  of  a  favorite  drink  in  the  Western  country. 

Hay  was  cut  with  scythes,  and  gathered  with  hand  rakes.  Wheat  was  cut 
with  cradles,  and  threshed  by  causing  horses  to  tread  upon  it. 

These  ancient  landmarks  have  all  passed  away,  and  but  few  who  wielded 
them  still  remain  to  tell  us  the  story  of  these  and  the  many  other  peculiar 
institutions  of  the  olden  time.  Here  and  there  is  seen  a  whitening  head.  Here 
and  there  we  behold  a  tottering  frame.  Ere  long,  they  too  will  have  passed  from 
earth,  and  their  places  will  be  filled  by  the  more  modern  style  of  humanity. 

This  township  was  perhaps  the  most  generally  settled  by  the  date  last 
mentioned,  1843,  of  any  in  the  county.  In  the  ten  years,  it  had  numbered 
within  its  limits  not  less  than  200  persons,  embraced  in  a  fifth  as  many  families, 
nearly  all  of  whom  had  become  permanent  settlers.  Unlike  many  other  neigh- 
borhoods, whoever  came  usually  stayed.  The  society  was  better  than  that  found 
•in  most  frontier  places,  and  the  interest  manifested  in  educational  enterprises, 
as  we  have  seen,  was  praiseworthy. 

The  preaching  of  the  Gospel  led  to  one  of  the  earliest  church  organiza- 
tions in  the  county.  As  early  as  1840,  H.  G.  Gorbet,  a  Methodist  preacher, 
known  in  the  time  of  which  we  write  as  the  "  Prairie  Breaker,"  organized  a 
society  of  this  denomination  (not  Prairie  Breakers,  but  Methodists)  at  the 
Scattering  Point  Institute.  He  seems,  however,  not  to  have  cultivated  the  soil 
to  any  degree  of  success,  as  the  organization  went  down  in  a  few  years.  Perhaps 
his  first  crop,  like  the  first  crop  of  sod-corn,  was  not  of  sufficient  yield  to  war- 
rant in  harvesting,  or  to  encourage  subsequent  planting.  So,  in  1848,  the 
United  Brethren  occupied  the  land.  They  organized  a  society  under  the 
leadership  of  Isaac  Messer,  of  McLean  County,  which  flourished  for  six  years, 
when  it,  too,  for  want  of  cultivation  or  other  cause,  disbanded.  In  1849^ 
another  branch  of  the  Methodist  Church — the  Protestaut — was  organized  by 
Jacob  Fowler,  under  whose  pastorate,  and  that  of  his  successors,  it  has  flour- 


412  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ished  ever  since.  In  1876,  the  society  having  grown  to  number  seventy-five  or 
eighty  members,  built  for  themselves  a  handsome  little  house  of  worship, 
^t  a  cost  of  $1,400.  The  building  is  28x38  feet  and  will  seat,  comfortably,  200 
persons.  Rev.  Mr.  Darby  is  present  Pastor,  and  D.  H.  Snyder  is  local  preacher. 
In  1860,  the  M.  E.  Society,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mud  Creek,  having,  some  years 
previously,  organized  a  church  of  this  denomination,  built  the  house  of  worship, 
now  at  Cornell.  When  that  village  had  been  fully  established,  the  building  was 
removed  to  the  place  named  and  newly  fitted  up.  The  building  is  a  comfortable 
frame  edifice,  about  30x40  feet  in  size,  and  will  accommodate  250  persons. 
The  membership  is  about  120.  T\xq  present  Pastor  is  the  Rev.  Mr.  Smith. 
In  connection  with  the  church  is  a  flourishing  Sunday  school,  under  the  super- 
intendence of  A.  Newberry. 

The  township  of  Amity  was  one  of  the  first  twenty  organized  in  the 
•county  in  1858.  Electors  to  the  number  of  fifty-six  assembled  on  the  6th  day 
of  April,  1858,  and  proceeded  to  organize  by  the  election  of  Liberty  Louder- 
back  as  Moderator,  and  Walter  Cornell,  Clerk  pro  tern.  Reason  Mc Douglass 
was  elected  Supervisor;  Charles  Hallam,  Clerk;  James  Bradley  and  Liberty 
Louderback,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  Walter  Cornell,  Assessor ;  Moses  Allen, 
James  Gourley  and  E.  W.  Breckinridge,  Commissioners  of  Highways.  On  the 
■question  of  keeping  up  stock,  the  vote  stood  singularly  unanimous  for  allowing 
stock  to  run  at  large.  Doubtless  this  can  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  Amity 
Township,  being  one  of  the  most  heavily  timbered  in  the  county,  and  the  farms 
being  already  fenced,  the  owners  preferred  the  free  use  of  the  vacant  prairie 
lands  for  pasture,  rather  than  the  trouble  of  herding  their  stock. 

At  the  successive  elections,  the  following  are  the  names  of  the  Supervisors 
.and  Clerks  chosen : 

Supervisor.  Clerk. 

1858 Reason  M.  Douglass C.  H.  Hallam. 

1859 Moses  Allen " 

1860 "         "     " 

1H61 "         "     " 

1862 '•         "     '• 

1863 ••         •'     ■' 

1864 Walter  Cornell " 

1865 Liberty  Louderback "         " 

1866 "  "  J.  C.  Antrim. 

1867 Benjamin  Bedea Amos  Edwards. 

1868 W.  D.Blake " 

1869 U.  H.  Snyder James  Bradley. 

1870 J.  P.  Houston W.  A.  Tyree. 

1871 "         "         Uriah  Springer. 

1872 Liberty  Louderback  James  Bradley. 

1873 Eben  Norton " 

1874 "         '■      •' 

1875 "         "      " 

1876 -         "        J.  J.  Reed er. 

1877 "         "      William  Miner. 

1878 •'         "      .; J.  J.  Reeder. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINOSTON  (JOflNTY.  418 

The  balance  of  the  complete  list  of  township  officers  elected  is  as  follows  : 
David  Heckmanii,  Assessor ;  George  Louderback,   Collector ;  E.   Norton, 
School  Treasurer ;   Simon  Jemmison,  Alfred  Gourley  and   John   Calder,  High- 
way Commissioners;  Liberty  Louderback  and  A.  L.  Trim,  Justices  of  Peace; 
George  Louderback  and  John  P.  Quernsey,  Constables. 

We  have  seen,  in  1849.  two  school  houses  had  been  built.  In  1855,  James 
Bradley  reports  an  increase  of  one  school  house  and  numerous  other  interesting 
items,  showing  an  increasing  interest  in  the  subject  of  education,  which,  to 
enable  the  reader  to  compare,  are  placed  with  like  items  in  a  convenient  table : 


Date. 

No. 

Schools. 

Scholars  in 
teudance 

at- 

Whole  amount 
paid. 

1855 

3 

•") 

7 

75 
240 
340 
362 

$    185  03 
1.035  00 
2.264  00 
3,413  00 

1866 

1873 

1877 

VILLAGE    OF    CORNELL. 

The  year  of  1871  was  an  eventful  one  for  this  part  of  the  county,  as  it  saw 
the  completion  of  a  railroad  through  this  section,  and  a  trading  point  located 
in  the  midst  of  the  township,  which,  within  a  very  few  years,  has  grown  in  size 
and  influence  beyond  the  expectations  of  its  most  enthusiastic  friends.  Of  all 
the  nine  stations  located  on  the  road  in  this  county,  this  one  outnumbers  in 
population  any  other  more  than  three  to  one.  In  less  than  three  3-ears  from 
the  time  of  its  survey,  it  had  increased  in  population  to  the  number  required 
by  law  to  organize  a  village  government. 

Some  little  strife  was  evident  between  parties  owning  land  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  switch,  as  to  the  exact  location  of  the  business  part  of  the  town,  and  also 
as  to  name. 

Walter  B.  Cornell  laid  out  a  plat  on  June  15th,  1871,  from  the  southwest 
quarter  of  Section  11,  and  named  it  Cornell.  Two  days  after,  Willard  D. 
Blake  laid  out,  from  Section  14,  the  town  named  by  him  Amity.  And  while 
the  former  name  has  been  retained,  the  most  of  the  business  houses  are  in  the 
portion  formerly  called  Amity  Cornell,  with  other  parties,  built  several  houses 
on  the  plat  laid  out  by  him,  but  they  have  since  been  removed. 

In  1873,  the  village  was  organized  by  the  election  of  H.  M.  Cornell,  Jason 
Curtis,  John  Withrow,  George  Bradley,  James  0.  Pond  and  Joseph  Rucker,  as 
Trustees.  At  their  first  meeting,  July  18th,  Cornell  was  elected  President ; 
James  W.  Willis  was  appointed  Clerk  ;  Jason  Curtis,  Treasurer  ;  and  Samuel 
Blake,  Street  Commissioner. 

The  ordinances  of  the  town  of  Dwight  were  taken  as  a  model,  but  niodifieil 
to  suit  the  necessities  and  opinions  of  the  Board. 

A  peculiar  feature  in  the  history  of  the  town  has  been  the  continued  grant- 
ing of  license  to  sell  spirituous  liquoi's.     However,  the  present  year,  the  senti- 


414  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

merit  of  the  people   appearing  positively  against  it,    the   Board   have   refused 
authority  to  vend  liquors  of  an  intoxicating  nature. 

The  Board  have  usually  pursued  a  wise  policy  in  making  street  and  other 
improvements,  so  that  the  appearance  of  the  village  is  such  as  one  would  expect 
to  find  in  a  town  twice  as  old. 

The  officers  of  the  village  .at  present  are:  I.  B.  Santee,  E.  C.  Newberry,  J. 
B.  Day,  Philip  Armon,  E.  Norton,  James  Bradley,  Trustees  ;  William  Miner. 
Clerk;   C.  A.  Herbert,  Police  Magistrate:  J.  Willis,  Attorney. 

The  village,  though  not  continuing  its  rapid  growth  of  the  first  few  years, 
has  still  continued  to  improve  in  size  and  appearance.  Its  present  population 
is  about  500.  Several  of  the  business  buildings  are  of  brick,  and  of  a  charac- 
ter seldom  found  in  towns  of  the  age  of  Cornell. 

A  Lodge  of  the  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  was  instituted  at  Cor- 
nell, June  23,  1876,  with  J.  W.  A.  Lilly  as  N.  G.;  B.  W.  Conner,  V.  G.;  J. 
G.  Curtis,  Sec. ;  Ordam  Deeds,  Treas. 

The  Lodge  numbers  at  present  twenty-two  members.  Meetings  are  held 
Saturday  evenings  of  each  week.  P.  K.  Hilton  is  the  present  N.  G.;  I.  A. 
Wilson,  V.  G.;  Joseph  F.  Corbin,  Sec,  and  Ordam  Deeds,  Treas. 

Cornell  Lodge,  A..  F.  cS:  A.  M.,  was  instituted  December,  1877,  the  charter 
being  granted  to  John  Guernsey,  J.  J.  Reeder,  H.  M.  Cornell,  A.  K.  Brower, 
E.  Norton,  H.  H.  Brower,  Philip  Armon,  I,  P.  Santee,  John  Greene  and  H. 
Bolt — the  first  five  of  whom  were  Master.  Wardens,  Secretary  and  Treasurer, 
respectively. 

The  present  officers  are:  L  B.  Santee,  W.  M.;  John  Jemmison,  S.  W.: 
Philip  Armon,  J.  W.:  T.  Jones,  S.  D.:  H.  Bolt,  J.  D.:  E.  Norton,  Treas.;  J. 
J.  Reeder,  Sec:  T.  Coe,  Tiler. 

Amity  Township  took  a  prominent  [)art  in  the  late  war.  Some  of  the 
bravest  ajid  best  men  that  went  from  Livingston  County  were  from  this  locality. 
Some  who  enlisted  from  this  part  of  the  county  were  in  the  Fifty-third  Infan- 
try, and  some  in  other  regiments,  but  most  were  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Twenty-ninth  Infantry. 

The  names  of  all  deserve  honorable  mention,  but  space  permits  the  record, 
in  this  place,  of  but  a  few,  and  that  number  will  be  confined  to  those  who  not 
only  braved  the  dangers  of  the  battle  field,  but  who,  in  addition,  gave  up  their 
lives  in  defense  of  the  principles  which  they  went  out  to  defend.  Of  these 
were  Joseph  Springer,  Uriah  Springer,  Judson  Hoag,  Samuel  W.  Houston, 
Thompson  Laycock,  John  B.  Lucas  and  Thomas  Sutcliff".  There  were  others, 
accredited  to  other  towns,  which  will  be  found  in  the  general  Avar  record. 

Amity  Township  is  (me  of  the  best-watered  and  best-timbered  in  Livingston 
County.  To  the  early  settlers,  there  were  three  special  attractions  in  a  new 
country — wood,  water  and  stone ;  and  these  three  being  found  in  the  vicinity 
had  much  to  do  in  drawing  to  this  locality  the  people  who  first  inhabited  it. 
The  Vermilion  River  passes  almost  directly  through  the  center  of  the  township, 


HISTORV  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTV.  41o 

from  southeast  to  northwest.  Rook's  Creek  comes  in  from  the  south,  and  forms 
a  junction  with  the  Vermilion,  near  the  center.  Scattering  Point  also  flows 
from  the  south,  and  empties  into  the  Vermilion,  near  the  northwest  corner. 
Wolf  Creek  flows  from  the  northwest  corner  of  Pontiac  Township,  and  empties 
into  the  Vermilion  near  that  point.  Mud  Creek  flows  through  the  northeastern 
part,  emptying  into  the  Vermilion  in  Newtown  Township.  Besides  all  of  these, 
there  are  several  small  tributaries,  which  furnish'  water  to  almost  every  section 
of  land  in  the  township. 

Each  of  these  creeks  is  fringed  with  a  belt  of  timber,  varying  in  width  from 
a  (juarter  to  a  mile  and  a  half,  so  that,  originally,  fully  one-half  of  the  township 
was  timber  land. 

Underlying  the  whole  township  is,  doubtless,  a  bed  of  coal.  A  shaft  was 
sunk  at  Cornell,  several  years  ago,  and  a  good  quality  of  this  article  found. 

The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  crosses  the  township,  from  northwest  to 
southeast,  cutting  off"  about  six  sections  from  the  northeast  corner. 

The  meaning  of  the  name  of  the  township  is  friendship  or  good  will ;  and 
if  bestowed  on  it  as  denoting  the  peculiar  trait  of  its  inhabitantsrcould  not  have 
been  better  selected.  These  ancient  Buckeyes  have  always  been  noted  for  their 
hospitality. 

PLEASANT  RIDGE  TOWNSHIP. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  at  an  early  period  in  the  history  of  Livingston  County,  was 
one-quarter  of  the  election  precinct  known  as  Saunemin,  and.  as  noticed  in  another 
chapter,  for  a  year  or  two  after  township  organization,  was  a  portion  of  Sau- 
nemin Township.     It    was  soon  divided,  however,  leaving  Pleasant  Ridge  and 
Charlotte  one  town,  and  they  so  remained  until  1864,  when,  upon  petition  to 
the  Board  of  Supervisors,  Pleasant  Ridge  was  set  off"  from  Charlotte,  but  through 
some  method  of  sharp  practice,  managed  to  retain  the  original  name— Pleasant 
Ridge— together  with  the  township  property,  etc.,  as  detailed  in  the  l^istory  of 
Charlotte  Township.     As  a  political  town.  Pleasant  Ridge  is  fractional.     That 
portion  lying  north  of  the  river  votes  and  transacts  all  of  its  business  in   Sau- 
nemin Township,  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  crossing  and  re-crossing  the  some- 
times  turbulent    little  stream;    while  as  a   regular   Congressional  and  School 
Township,  it  comprises  the  usual  thirty-six  sections,  and  is  known  as  Township  27 
north.  Range  7  east.     Its  soil  is  irrigated  and   drained  by  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Vermilion  River,  which  flows  through  the  township  in  a  westerlv  direction, 
and  which  is  bordered  by  the  only  native  timber  the  town  aff'ords.    "^The  name 
Pleasant  Ridge  is  derived  from  the   beautiful  undulating  surface  of  the   land, 
which  has  much  the  appearance  of  the  gentle  swell  of  the  ocean. 

The  first  permanent  settler  in  what  is  now  Pleasant  Ridge  Township  was 
Nathan  Townsend.  He  came  from  Cape  May  County,  New  Jersey,  and  settled 
on  the  southwest  section  (31)  of  the  town,  in  June,  1843.  His  settlement  and 
clann  was  in  the  timber  skirting  the  Vermilion   River,  and  was  the  oidv  one 


416  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

in  the  territory  embraced  in  Pleasant  Ridge  for  a  number  of  years.  He  bought 
his  claim,  which  had  been  made  originally  by  a  man  named  Brooks,  noticed 
as  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Avoca  Township.  This  man  Brooks,  though 
he  had  built  a  cabin  and  made  a  claim  here,  and  had  even  lived  on  the  claim 
for  a  short  time,  is  really  not  considered  an  actual  settler,  and  had  sold  the 
claim  to  a  man  named  Wilson,  who  had  never  lived  on  it,  but  had  sold  it  to 
one  Leighton,  and  Leighton  sold  it  to  Townsend.  It  seems  to  have  been 
a  practice  of  Brooks  to  make  a  claim,  erect  a  cabin  on  it,  and  then  sell  it 
to  some  other  party,  as  we  hear  of  him  among  the  old  settlers  in  several  differ- 
ent neighborhoods.  After  disposing  of  this  claim,  he  made  one  in  the  next 
grove  east,  being  just  on  the  edge  of  Forrest  Township,  and  which  he  made 
without  any  regard  to  the  points  of  the  compass,  but  was  located  on  four  differ- 
ent "  forties."  He  finally  removed  to  Iowa.  This  settlement  of  Townsend, 
however,  is  usually  mentioned  a§  the  first  in  Pleasant  Ridge,  and,  as  stated  above, 
was  made  a  number  of  years  before  another  family  sought  the  neighborhood. 
For  the  first  years  of  their  life  in  the  wilderness,  and  until  they  got  a  start,  their 
lot  was  rather  a  hard  one.  When  Townsend  first  settled  here,  there  were  few 
families  within  a  radius  of  a  dozen  miles,  and  we  have  the  word  of  Daniel 
Townsend,  a  son  of  Nathan  Townsend's,  that  he  knew  every  man  living  between 
Ash  Grove  and  Rook's  Creek,  a  distance  of  sixty  miles.  They  sometimes  had 
hard  scratching  to  live,  and  went  to  Chicago  for  salt,  and  to  Wilmington  to 
mill,  and  to  Green's  Mill  near  Ottawa.  Daniel  Townsend  related  to  us  how 
an  uncle  of  his  had  been  to  mill  once,  in  Winter,  when  the  weather  was  intensely 
cold.  Becoming  so  cold  that  he  could  not  remain  in  the  wagon,  he  got  out  to 
walk,  when  it  is  supposed  that  walking  by  the  side  of  his  wagon,  he  drew  one 
line  a  little  tighter  than  the  other,  thus  pulling  his  horses  round  in  a  circle. 
He  finally  realized  the  fact  that  he  was  lost  on  the  prairie,  and  it  covered  with 
snow,  with  a  cold  wind  blowing  from  the  North.  Seeing  that  he  must  inevita- 
bly freeze  to  death  if  he  wandered  on  in  this  way,  he  turned  his  horses  loose 
from  the  wagon,  thinking  that  they  would  strike  out  on  a  due  course  for  home, 
and  he  would  follow  their  trail,  being  too  cold  to  attempt  to  ride ;  but  they 
dashed  off  from  the  wind,  contrary  to  his  expectations.  All  night  long  he  wan- 
dered over  the  prairie  and  through  the  snow,  the  utmost  exertions  required  to 
keep  from  freezing  to  death.  At  daylight  the  next  morning,  he  found  his  way 
to  Mr.  Townsend's,  so  nearly  frozen  that  he  fell  in  the  yard,  and  but  for 
timely  aid  must  have  died  in  a  very  short  while.  He  was  taken  in  and  cared 
for,  and  Mr.  Townsend's  boys  went  out  to  look  for  the  horses,  Avhich,  how- 
ever, were  never  found  alive.  They  had  wandered  a  long  distance  from  home, 
and  seemed  to  have  taken  refuge  from  the  wind  in  a  deep  ravine,  where  they 
either  starved  or  froze  to  death,  and  were  found  finally  by  tracking  wolves  to 
their  skeletons. 

When    Townsend  used  to  go  to  Wilmington  to  mill,  there  was  but  one  cabin 
between  their  settlement  and  the  Kankakee  River,  and  it  had  been  deserted  for 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  417 

a  time.  Of  the  Townsend  family,  there  are  still  living  in  this  immediate  neigh- 
borhood three  of  the  sons — Daniel,  George  and  Aquilla  ;  and  two  sisters— Mrs. 
A.  Towns  and  Mrs.  Breckenridge.  Another  brother  lives  in  Wisconsin,  and  a 
sister  in  Texas ;  while  the  father,  Nathan  Townsend,  has  recently  removed  to 
Nebraska. 

Isaac  Wilson   came  from  Indiana,  in  1837,  and  settled  in  Avoca,  where  he 
is  noticed  in  the  early  settlement  of  that  township.      He   remained   there  until 
he  came  to  Pleasant  Ridge  and  settled  in  ISo-S,  among  the  eai-liest,  after  Town- 
send,  and  where  he  is  still  living.      He   was  the  first  Supervisor,  and  held  the 
office  when  Pleasant  Ridge  was  included  in  Saunemin  Township,  together  with 
Sullivan  and  Charlotte.   He  was  also  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  verv  first.  Justices 
of  the  Peace  in  this  township,  after  becoming  a  town  to  itself.      He  stated  that  he 
used  to  haul  grain  to  Chicago,  when  this  great  city  was  a  small  village  almost 
buried  in  the  mud  and  mire.     Hiram  Popejoy  and  Henry  Demoss,  both  from 
Avoca  Township  and  belonging  to  fixmilies  that  rank  among  the  earliest  settlers 
there,  came  to  this   neighborhood    in   or  about  1850,   and  made   settlements. 
Popejoy  finally  removed  to  Fairbury,  where  he  now  lives.     Demoss,  after  some- 
years,  returned  to  Avoca  and  still   resides  there.     James  Maddin  is   also  an 
early  settler  in  Pleasant  Ridge,  though  north  of  the  river,  and  in  that  portion 
of  the  town  which  votes  in  Saunemin.      He  came  from  Wheeling,  Va.,  in  1834, 
and  settled  in  Marshall  County,  near  Lacon,  then  called  Columbia.     Peoria  was 
called    Ft.    Clarke,   and   five  miles   up  the   river    from    the    latter    place    was 
another  small  settlement  called  Little  Detroit.     In  1872,  he  came  to  Pleasant 
Ridge,  and  entered  land  upon  which  he  still  lives.     He  has  held  several  local 
offices  in  the  town,  such  as  Assessor  and  Collector.     When  Mr.  Maddin  first 
settled  here,  his  nearest  neighbor,  east,  was  forty  miles  distant.     M.  T.  Veiley 
came  from   New  York  and  settled  liere  in  1855.     He  first  settled  in  Wau- 
kegan,  Lake  County,  from  whence  he  came  to  this  township  as  above  stated. 
This  comprises  a  list  of  some  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  town,  until  they  began, 
to  move  in  too  fast  to  keep  track  of  them. 

The  first  birth  in  Pleasant  Ridge  Township  is  supposed  to  have  occurred 
in  the  family  of  Charles  Brooks,  during  the  short  time  he  lived  on  the  claim 
that  Townsend  afterward  bought,  and  was  probably  about  1840-41.  The  first 
death  in  the  township  Avas  Levi  Ide,  a  young  man  who  came  from  Ohio  and  was 
living  with  Townsend.  He  took  sick  and  died  suddenly  in  1848,  and  was 
buried  in  the  Popejoy  graveyard,  in  Avoca  Township.  His  family  afterward 
came  on  from  Ohio,  had  his  remains  taken  up  and  returned  and  interred 
them  in  the  family  burying-ground  in  his  native  State.  The  first  marriage  was 
a  daughter  of  Charles  Brooks  and  St.  Clair  Jones,  son  of  Charles  Jones,  who 
then  lived  in  Forest  Township,  and  occurred  in  1841.  His  people  opposed  the 
match  rather  strongly,  but  that  ardent 

"  Young  love  that  laughs  at  bolts  and  bars  " 
seemed  to  care  little  for  parental  frowns,  and  they  were  married  in  spite  of  all 
opposition. 


418  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COl  XTV. 

Pleasant  Ridge  has  neither  a  store,  post  office  or  mill  within  its  borders. 
It  has  but  one  church  edifice,  and  that  belongs  to  the  Ormish  society,  and  is 
located  in  the  southern  part  of  the  town.  These  people  are  of  a  rather  peculiar 
religious  belief,  as  noticed  elsewhere  in  this  history,  and  take  little  or  no  inter- 
est in  worldly  matters  beyond  their  necessary  pursuits,  and  hence  we  are  unable 
to  obtain  much  information  in  regard  to  their  church,  aside  from  the  fact  that 
it  exists  and  is  regularly  occupied  by  the  members  of  this  faith  in  its  vicinity. 
There  is  a  burying-ground  adjacent,  the  only  public  cemetery  in  the  township. 
Notwithstanding  there  are  no  other  church  buildings,  there  are  church  organ- 
izations, which  are  held  in  the  school  houses.  There  is  a  regular  society  of  the 
Christian  denomination  in  School  House  No.  2,  and  services  are  held  every 
Sabbath  by  them  or  by  the  Methodists.  A  large  Sunday  school  attends  this 
school  house  regularly.  Services  are  also  held  in  many  of  the  other  schoo 
houses  in  the  town. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Pleasant  Ridge,  as  already  stated,  was  Isaac 
Wilson,  who  was  likewise  one  of  the  first  lists  of  Justices  elected  after  the 
formation  of  the  county.  The  first  practicing  physicians  in  the  town  were 
Drs.  Gentry  and  Hulsey,  of  Pontiac,  who  used  to  extend  their  professional 
visits  to  this  neighborhood.  The  first  bridge  was  a  wooden  structure  spanning 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Vermilion  River,  which  was  a  kind  of  temporary  aifair, 
and  was  finally  washed  away.  The  spot  where  it  was  built  is  now  adorned  by 
an  elegant  iron  bridge,  put  up  in  the  Fall  of  1874,  and  at  a  cost  of  nibout  thi-ee 
thousand  dollars. 

The  first  schools  in  Pleasant  Ridge  were  taught  by  Clement  Hinmau,  in 
School  House  No.  2,  and  Perry  Abby,  in  the  Beal  School  House,  in  1858. 
These  houses  were  both  built  that  year,  and  the  schools  above  noticed  taught 
immediately  after  they  were  completed.  By  examination  of  the  school  records 
in  possession  of  M.  W.  Moulton,  Township  Treasurer,  we  find  that  the  first 
meeting  of  Trustees  of  which  there  is  any  record  was  held  on  the  2d  of  March, 
1861,  and  that  there  Avere  present  William  R.  Beatch  and  William  R.  Tucker; 
Henry  Hefner,  Clerk.  Henry  C.  Hefner  presented  his  bond  as  Treasurer,  in 
the  amount  of  $13,000,  with  Joel  Tucker,  James  McDonald  and  Amos  Bright 
as  security,  which  was  approved  and  ordered  to  be  filed.  At  a  meeting  held 
March  18th  of  the  same  year,  James  Sackett  was  elected  an  additional  Trustee, 
and  Beatch  President  of  the  Board.  At  the  April  meeting.  Town  27,  Range 
7  east,  was  divided  into  school  districts,  as  follows,  viz. :  District  No.  1,  to  be 
composed  of  Sections  36  to  25,  and  one-fourth  from  Sections  24,  23,  22,  21, 
20,  taken  from  the  south  side  of  said  sections,  and  south  half  of  southeast 
quarter  of  Section  19.  District  No.  2,  of  Sections  5,  6,  7,  8,  17,  18 
and  19,  with  some  fractional  parts  of  other  sections.  District  No.  3 
included  ther  emainder  of  the  township.  Several  schedules  of  teachers 
were  presented  and  disposed  of  in  the  usual  way.      From  Treasurer  Moulton's 


/V:^i^        ^^^^^^-T-^^ 


PONTIAC 


iVLIftt* 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  421 

last   report   to    County    Superintendent    of    Schools    we   take   the   following 

statistics : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years 29o 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21  years 225 

Total 520 

Number  of  males  between  6  and  21  years 281 

Number  of  females  between  6  and  21  years 147 

Total 878 

Number  of  males  attending  school 174 

Number  of  females  attending  school 108 

Total 282 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  any  teacher $48  25 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  female  teacher 35  00 

Lowest  monthly  wages  paid  male  teacher 30  00 

Lowest  monthly  wages  paid  female  teacher  22  00 

Average  amount  paid  male  teachers 39  87 

Average  amount  paid  female  teachers 30  13 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers |1,848  61 

Estimated  value  of  school  property $5,400  00 

Estimated  value  of  school  apparatus 90  50 

Estimated  value  of  school  libraries  12  00 

Principal  of  township  fund 7,002  47 

District  tax  levy  for  support  of  schools 1,640  00 

There  are  seven  school  districts  in  the  township,  in  all  of  which  there  are 
good,  comfortable  frame  buildings,  and  flourishing  schools  maintained  for  the 
usual  term  during  each  year.  Mr.  Moulton,  the  School  Treasurer,  one  of  the 
wealthy  farmers  of  the.  town,  came  from  New  Hampshire  and  settled  on  his 
present  place  in  1866. 

As  stated  in  another  portion  of  this  history,  Isaac  Wilson  was  the  first 
Supervisor  of  this  township,  and  held  the  office  in  1859.  In  1861,  George  E. 
Esty  was  elected  Supervisor,  and  was  succeeded  by  C.  G.  Friend,  in  1863,  and 
he  the  next  year  by  H.  J.  Roberts.  L.  Wallace  was  elected  in  1865,  and  J. 
K.  Clarke  in  1866,  who  continued  in  office  until  1870,  when  William  Blain 
came  in  as  Supervisor  of  the  town,  and  was  in  turn  succeeded  by  M.  T.  Yeiley 
in  1873.  In  1875,  J.  11.  Carter  was  elected  to  the  office,  and  succeeded  by  J. 
K.  Clarke  in  1876,  and  he  in  1878  by  M.  W.  Moulton,  who  is  the  present 
Supervisor.  Other  township  officers  are  as  follows :  J,  M.  Hanna,  Town  Clerk ; 
B.  M.  Bullard,  Assessor ;  William  Bell,  Collector ;  J.  H.  Carter  and  Louis 
Holloway,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

■  As  stated  in  the  early  part  of  this  chapter,  the  only  native  timber  in  Pleas- 
ant Ridge  Township  is  along  the  Vermilion  River.  But  many  of  the  citizens 
have  planted  and  cultivated  timber,  until  there  is  not  a  section  of  the  prairie 
land,  nor  perhaps  a  quarter  section,  but  has  beautiful  groves  of  timber 
on  it,  planted   since    the  land  was  settled.     Pleasant  Ridge   has   much   very 

M 


4i22  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

fine  farming  land,  while  there  is  some  in  the  timber  along  the  river  that  is 
rather  thin  soil.  It  is  situated  in  the  second  tier  of  townships,  with  Saunemin 
on  the  north,  Charlotte  on  the  east,  Forrest  on  the  south,  and  Avoca  on  the 
west,  and  is  probably  about  four-fifths  prairie  land. 

Politically,  Pleasant  Ridge  is  strongly  Republican,  and  has  been  almost 
from  the  first  organization  of  the  Republican  party.  Of  late  years,  the  Granger 
element  has  had  some  eff"ect  on  its  political  status  ;  yet,  in  all  cases  involvinij 
strict  political  principles,  the  Republicans  carry  the  day. 

The  war  record  was  equally  good,  and  compares  favorably  with  any  town- 
ship of  a  like  population  in  the  county.  The  names  of  its  soldiers  will  be  found 
in  our  war  record,  in  another  department  of  this  history. 

OWEGO  TOWNSHIP. 

Owego,  or  Congressional  Town  28  north.  Range  6  east  of  the  Third  Princi- 
pal Meridian,  is  the  geographical  center  of  Livingston  County.  The  center  of 
the  township  is  in  a  direct  line,  twenty-five  miles  from  the  northwest  corner  of 
the  county;  twenty-two  from  the  southwest ;  twenty-three  from  the  northeast,  and 
twenty-five  from  the  southeast.  It  is  a  full  town  and  contains  thirty-six  full  sections 
of  land.  The  township  in  the  northern  part  is  quite  level,  indeed,  almost  flat, 
but  in  the  southern  part  is  slightly  undulating.  With  the  exception  of  a  little 
fringe  of  the  Vermilion  River,  which  flows  through  the  southwest  corner  of  Sec- 
tion 31,  it  i^  entirely  devoid  of  natural  timber.  The  only  floAving  stream  of 
water  is  the  river  just  named.  The  Felky  Slough,  which  extends  through  the 
eastern  part  of  the  town  and  opens  into  the  Vermilion  River,  also  furnishes 
stock  water  to  the  adjacent  farms,  except  in  the  dryest  seasons.  In  some  parts 
of  the  township,  water  from  wells  is  obtained  with  difficulty,  but  when  found  is 
of  an  excellent  quality.  The  land  is  ol  a  very  rich  and  productive  character, 
and  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  corn,  rye,  oats  and  vegetables. 

Prior  to  1858,  Livingston  Count}'  was  divided  into  voting  precincts,  which 
were,  from  time  to  time,  changed  in  location  and  number  to  suit  the  convenience 
of  the  inhabitants.  They  were  all  established  along  the  Vermilion  River,  as 
this  region  was  the  first  to  settle.  With  the  exception  of  this  belt,  varying  in 
width  from  one  to  five  miles,  extending  from  the  southeast  to  the  northwest  part 
of  the  county,  it  was  but  sparsely  settled — indeed,  we  may  say  it  was  not  occu- 
pied at  all.  The  earliest  immigrants,  being  from  thickly  timbered  localities, 
doubtless  considered  the  prairie  lands  of  but  little  value,  except  as  herding 
places  for  their  cattle,  and  so  selected  the  timber  and  its  immediate  vicinity  for 
their  homes.  The  territory  now  embraced  in  Owego,  being  for  the  most  part 
destitute  of  timber,  was  not  considered  of  sufficient  importance  for,  nor  was  the 
number  of  inhabitants  adequate  to,  a  separate  precinct,  but  was  included  in 
what  was  known  as  the  Center  Pi-ecinct,  which,  at  the  first  organization 
of  the  county,  included  an  extent  of  about  fifteen  miles  up  and  down  the 
Vermilion   River,   with  Pontiac  near  the  middle.     Latterly,  or  near  the  time 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTS.  423 

of  the  adoption  of  the  township  organization  act,  the  boundaries  of  the  Center 
Precinct  were  more  limited,  but  still  embraced  the  territory  now  denominated 
Owego. 

Even  in  1857,  when  the  county  was  divided  into  political  townships,  this 
contained  barely  enough  qualified  persons  to  hold  all  the  offices,  and  these  were 
established  in  the  southwest  corner.  Perhaps  there  were  not  more  than  a  score 
of  voters  in  all. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  was  doubtless  made  by  Daniel  RockAvood. 
Mr.  Rockwood  was  not  only  the  first  resident  of  the  township,  but  was  among 
the  very  first  in  the  county.  He  settled  on  the  place  occupied  by  him  until 
recently,  about  the  year  1833.  He  was  a  man  of  much  influence  and  popular- 
ity in  the  early  days  of  the  county.  He  was  one  of  the  first  three  County  Com- 
missioners, elected  May  8,  1837,  and  was  the  only  one  who  received  a  unani- 
mous vote  at  the  election,  and  one  of  the  very  few  candidates  that  ever  has 
received  such  a  compliment.  It  was  through  his  influence  and  that  of  James 
Weed,  that  the  county  seat  came  so  near  being  removed  from  Pontiac  in  1839. 
Henry  Weed's  two  partners  had  died,  and  the  surviving  partner  becoming  some- 
what careless  as  to  the  fate  of  the  county  seat  enterprise,  his  brother  James,  who 
lived  near  Rockwood's,  conceived  the  idea  of  removing  it  to  that  vicinity,  and,  as 
stated  in  the  history  of  Pontiac  Township,  almost  succeeded  in  the  scheme. 
After  the  adoption  of  the  act  electing  Supervisors  from  each  township,  instead 
of  County  Commissioners  for  the  whole  county,  Rockwood  was  the  first  Super- 
visor, and  was  twice  re-elected  to  the  office.  He  became  a  man  of  considerable 
wealth,  and  continued  to  reside  at  the  old  homestead  until  a  few  years  ago,  when 
he  died.      The  place  of  his  nativity  was  Tioga  County,  New  York. 

Probably  the  next  settlement  made  in  what  is  now  Owego  Township,  and 
certainly  the  next  permanent  one,  was  made  by  James  L.  Stinson,  nearly  six 
years  after.  Stinson  entered  his  land  November  12,  1839,  and  resided  here 
until  his  death  in  1847.  This,  as  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  was  the  first  death 
in  the  township.  The  widow  of  Stinson,  a  year  or  so  after,  married  John  Fos- 
ter, and  thus  came  to  pass,  also,  the  first  wedding.  With  James  Stinson,  also, 
came  two  brothers — Alexander  and  Thomas.  The  former  remained  here  a  few 
years,  and  then  removed  to  Lexington,  McLean  County.  Thomas  found  the 
country  too  tame,  even  in  those  primitive  times,  and,  after  stopping  a  year  or 
two,  pushed  on  further  west  into  Kansas. 

This  marks  the  advent  of  John  Foster  into  this  neighborhood.  "  L^ncle 
Johnny  '"  had  been  in  the  county  ten  or  a  dozen  years — latterly  in  Avoca  Town- 
ship— but,  after  his  marriage  with  Mrs.  Stinson,  moved  his  effects  to  the  Stin- 
son place  and  became  a  permanent  inhabitant  of  the  township. 

A  few  years  after  Stinson's  arrival,  James  Demoss  came  from  Ohio  and 
located  in  the  southeast  pjirt. 

In  1852,  a  number  of  families  came  out  from  Ohio,  several  of  whom  took 
up  their  residence  in  this  township. 


424  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

David  Millliam  had,  all  his  life,  been  a  sailor,  and  can  scarcely  be  said  to 
have  come  from  any  country.  He  had,  however,  lived  for  a  time  in  Licking 
County,  Ohio,  locating  in  this  town  in  1851.  He  died  on  the  place  to  which 
he  first  came,  a  few  vears  since. 

In  1851,  William  Rollings  arrived  from  Ohio  and  settled  on  what  has  since 
been  known  as  the  Benham  farm.  He  was  a  peaceable  and  quiet  citizen,  but 
came  to  a  tragical  end,  being  murdered  in  cold  blood  April  1,  1872.  The  facts 
in  the  case  seem  to  be  about  these :  A  man  named  John  Soter  claimed  the  land 
occupied  by  Rollings,  and,  although  he  was  but  a  renter,  he  had  made  frequent 
threats  on  Rollings'  life.  On  the  evening  of  the  1st  of  April,  in  the  year  men- 
tioned, Soter,  who  lived  on  a  neighboring  farm,  invited  a  party  of  young  folks 
to  his  house  to  spend  the  evening.  Among  the  rest  was  Rollings'  son,  who  was 
engaged  to  play  the  violin.  Late  in  the  evening,  Rollings  himself  came  to  the 
house  and  relieved  his  son  for  a  while  in  the  furnishing  of  the  music.  Though 
Rollings  had  heard  rumors  of  Soter's  antipathy  toward  him,  but,  conscious  of 
his  having  had  nothing  to  do  with  dispossessing  Soter,  and  having  been  on 
friendly  terms  with  him,  did  not  apprehend  any  danger,  or  even  that  he  was 
unwelcome  at  his  neighbor's  house.  However,  while  engaged  as  stated,  the 
party  were  alarmed  by  the  report  of  a  gun,  fired  near  the  window,  and  William 
Rollings,  at  the  same  moment,  fell  to  the  floor  in  a  dying  condition.  He  had 
received  a  charge  of  shot  in  his  breast,  from  the  effects  of  which  he  died  a  few 
hours  later.  Soter  was  arrested  and  sent  to  jail  until  the  next  term  of  the 
Circuit  Court,  which  convened  in  May.  He  was  tried  and  convicted  of  murder 
in  the  5rst  degree  and  sentenced  to  be  hanged ;  but  the  sentence  was  subse- 
quently commuted  to  imprisonment  in  the  penitentiary  for  life.  Soter,  at  the 
time  of  the  act,  was  already  60  years  of  age,  and  his  penalty  proved  to  be  but 
a  short  term,  as  he  died  two  or  three  years  after  his  incarceration. 

By  the  Spring  of  1851,  several  other  families  had  settled  in  the  town,  among 
whom  were  William  Wilson,  who  still  resides  here;  Rudolph  Patty  and  Elijah 
Justis,  brothers-in-law,  the  former  of  whom  is  dead,  and  the' latter  now  lives  in 
Texas;    L.  Mixer  and  Samuel  Wentz. 

John  Whitman,  Jacob  Dragoo  and  Lewis  Bright  came  from  Ohio,  about  1852. 

Richard  Evans  settled  in  the  town  in  the  Spring  of  1855.  Mr.  Evans  was 
the  first  Assessor  of  the  town  and  has  since  held  various  offices  of  trust,  and 
has  been  closely  identified  Avith  every  movement  in  which  the  town  has  been 
interested.  A  few  years  since,  he  changed  his  residence  to  Pontiac,  where  he 
now  lives. 

The  railroad  employ  brought  many  good  citizens  to  this  county,  among 
whom  was  James  Burns,  who  had  been  employed  in  its  construction.  After  the 
completion  of  the  road.  Burns  settled  in  this  township,  and  was  the  first  settler  on 
the  north  third  of  the  township,  and  continued  to  be  the  only  one  for  some  time. 

The  next  year  after  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  was  completed,  quite  a 
number  of  settlements  were  made.      Thomas  Holman  came  in  that  year.      He 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  425 

had  left  Pennsylvania  several  years  before,  and  had  been  to  Oregon  and  Califor- 
nia, in  search  of  gold,  and  having  been  quite  successful  in  the  hunt,  brought  it  to 
this  township  and  invested  it  in  land.  When  the  school  section  was  sold,  he  bought 
it  all.    Mr.  Holman  removed  to  Pontiac  several  years  ago,  and  still  resides  there. 

Robert  Smith,  James  Alexander,  William  and  Samuel  Aljo,  George  Barr, 
William  Harris  and  Ansel  Hayes  were  here  at  the  date  last  named,  and  still 
reside  in  the  town. 

After  this,  the  additions  to  the  settlement  were  so  frequent  that  space  for- 
bids further  mention  of  names  ;  suffice  it  to  say,  that  within  three  years  the  pop- 
ulation of  the  township  was  over  100. 

In  1858,  the  township  was  organized.  On  the  assembling  of  the  voters,  at 
the  place  designated  in  the  call,  at  this,  their  first  election,  N.  S.  Grandy  was 
elected  Moderator.  A  motion  was  then  made  that  voting  for  town  officers  then 
proceed  ;  but  the  'Squire,  being  better  posted  in  the  law  of  elections,  refused  to 
entertain  the  motion,  giving  as  the  reason  that  he  had  not  yet  been  sworn  ;  and 
there  being  no  one  present  qualified  to  administer  an  oath,  Grandy  mounted  his 
horse,  rode  to  Pontiac,  was  sworn  by  the  County  Clerk,  and  received  from  him  a 
ballot  box  and  poll  list,  returned  to  the  voting  place  and  proceeded  with  the  election. 

The  officers  chosen  at  this  first  election  were  as  follows  :  Daniel  Rockwood, 
Supervisor;  John  Scott,  Clerk;  Robert  Smith,  Collector;  Richard  Evans, 
Assessor;  N.  S.  Grandy  and  John  Foster,  Justices  of  the  Peace;  Hamilton 
Demoss  and  George  Van  Saun,  Constables  ;  John  Benham,  Thomas  Holman  and 
William  Wilson,  Commissioners  of  Highways. 

The  township  record  does  not  contain  a  register  of  elections  for  the  next 
four  years  ;  but,  as  nearly  as  can  now  be  ascertained,  the  principal  officers  have 
been  as  follows,  to  the  present  time : 

Date.  Supervisor.  Clerk.  ' 

1858 Daniel  Rockwood John  Scott. 

185!t Daniel  Rockwood .John  Scott. 

1860 Daniel  Rockwood .John  Scott. 

1861 N.  S.  Grandy John  Scott. 

1862 N.  S.  Grandy John  Scott. 

1868 John  Benham John  Scott 

1864 R.  Smith (jeo.  V-an  Saun. 

1865 R.  Smith Geo.  Van  Saun 

1866 R.  Smith Geo.  Ferris. 

1867 Orlin  Converse Geo.  Ferris. 

1868 Orlin  Converse Geo.  Ferris 

1869 James  Brown Wm.  McKeighan. 

1870 William  Colon Geo.  Ferris. 

1871 William  Colon Geo.  Ferris. 

1872 Geo.   Ferris Silas  Hays. 

1873 Geo.  Ferris Charles  Swygert. 

1874 S.  F.   Slyder Charles  Swygert. 

1875 S.  F.  Slyder Charles  Swygert. 

1876 Charles  Swygert J.  G.  Lewis. 

1877 Charles  Swygert J.  G.  Lewis. 

1878 Charles  Swygert J.  G.  Lewis. 


426  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  balance  of  the  oflBcers  for  the  present  year  are  as  follows  :  John 
Augustine,  Assessor;  A.  Dann.  Collector:  B.  J.  Benedict,  F.  Fienhold  and 
Silas  Hayes,  Road  Commissioners;  S.  F.  Slyder  and  G.  B.  Van  Saun,  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  and  James  Cain  and  W.  D.  Irwin,  Constables. 

Owego  Township  was  one  of  the  first  to  give  attention  to  means  of  instruct- 
ing the  youth.  As  early  as  18-10,  a  small  school  house  or  cabin  was  erected 
near  the  Rockwood  place,  and  a  school  kept.  The  attendance  was  limited  to 
only  a  dozen  pupils.  This  school  house  was  built  and  the  school  maintained 
by  private  subscription.  No  public  schools  are  reported  in  the  township  until 
1855.  In  September  of  this  year,  the  school  lands  were  sold,  and  at  once 
steps  were  taken  to  make  the  income  arising  from  it  available,  to  do  which,  it 
was  necessary  to  establish  schools  and  report  the  same.  Accordingly,  Ave  find 
that  in  the  Fall  of  this  year,  L.  Mixer,  who  was  the  first  Treasurer  of  the 
school  fund  for  this  tT)wnship,  makes  report  to  the  School  Commissioner  that : 
"  We'  have  supported  one  school  in  the  township  during  the  past  year,  which 
was  taught  by  a  female  teacher,  at  ^9  per  month.  She  has  taught  the  school 
to  good  acceptance,  both  to  Directors  and  parents.  The  whole  number  of 
scholars  in  attendance  at  the  school  has  been  fourteen,  ten  of  which  Avere  males 
and  four  females.  There  are  in  the  township,  forty-seven  persons  under  21 
years  of  age.  We  have  just  sold  our  school  land  for  ^3,994.91."  No  public 
school  houses  bad  yet  been  erected,  nor  were  any  built  until  1857.  Then  three 
new  houses  were  put  up,  the  same  year.  Two  of  these  were  union  school 
houses,  on  the  line  between  this  and  Avoca  Township,  and  the  other  near  the 
Foster  farm,  and  known  to  this  time  as  the  Foster  School  House. 

There  had  been  a  very  perceptible  advance  in  school  matters  by  this  year. 
R.  W.  Babcock,  who  then  resided  in  the  town,  and  had  been  appointed  custo- 
dian of  the  public  funds  and  gatherer  of  school  statistics,  makes  a  very  full  and 
complete  report  for  the  year,  from  which  a  few  items  of  interest  are  drawn, 
showing  the  progress  for  the  past  three  years. 

*Number  of  schools  taught  in  the  township ^ 

Number  of  scholars  in  attendance 81 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  to  any  teacher S  oo  00 

Whole  amount  paid  to  teachers 233  81 

Average  number  of  months  taught 8^ 

Eight  years  from  this  time,  the  number  of  schools  had  increased  to  six ;  the 
number  of  pupils  had  doubled;  but  the  average  number  of  months  had 
decreased  a  trifle,  being  only  seven  and  a  half  for  the  year  1866.  The  whole 
amount  paid  as  teachers"  wages  during  the  year  was  $658.  After  a  lapse  of 
eleven  more  years,  a  very  satisfactory  increase  in  all  these  items  is  noticeable. 

One  item,  however,  which  figures  cannot  indicate,  deserves  more  particular 
mention.  The  advancement  made  in  methods  of  instruction,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  schools,  and  in  the  classification  of  the  pupils,  has  been  greater 
than  that  indicated  by  any  statistics. 

*This  means  two  terms  in  each  district. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVIXGSTON  COUNTY.  427 

The  followintj  table  shows  at  a  glance  other  items  of  interest  concerning  the 
system  at  this  time : 

Number  of  schools 8 

Scholars  enrolleiJ 24'.< 

Persons  under  21  527 

Whole  number  of  teachers 12 

Amount  paid  teachers  for  1877 S2,115  00 

Total  expenditure  for  school  purposes 3.677  00 

Special  tax  raised 2,221  00 

Principal  of  township  fund 7,27o  0<J 

Were  we  to  judge  the  piety  of  the  people  of  Owego  by  the  number  of 
church  spires,  we  should  form  a  very  unjust  opinion  of  them  in  this  regard,  as 
but  one  church  building  is  to  be  found,  and  that  belonging  to  a  German  society, 
the  English  speaking  people  having  no  house  of  worship  in  the  township. 
Though  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  lay  no  claim  to  excellence  in  this  regard, 
it  is  nevertheless  true  that  they  not  only  avail  themselves  of  church  privileges, 
but  contribute  liberally  to  the  support  of  the  Gospel  in  other  localities.  Many 
of  them  attend  service  in  the  neighboring  towns,  where  societies  have  been 
organized  at  convenient  distances  from  the  line  of  Owego.  Unlike  the  public 
schools,  which  must  be  located  at  certain  points  within  the  limits,  the  church 
buildings  have  been  erected  outside,  while  some  of  their  strongest  pillars  live 
inside  the  confines  of  the  township. 

The  German  Evangelical  Society,  in  1872,  erected,  at  a  cost  of  S2,000,  a 
neat  and  substantial  building,  capable  of  seating  about  2<I0  persons.  The  house 
stands  on  a  very  fine  elevation,  embracing  one  acre  of  ground,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  toAvnship.  The  first  minister  to  the  congregation  was  the  Rev. 
Adam  Wagner.  At  present,  the  society  is  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  Elfring. 
who  resides  at  Weston,  and  conducts  services  here  once  in  two  weeks.  The 
present  membership  is  fifty-eight. 

Owego  did  not  remain  an  idle  spectator  during  the  great  struggle  of  the 
Government  for  life,  in  1861-65,  but  sent  her  vounor  men  to  the  field,  and  grave 
in  abundance  of  her  means  for  rheir  support.  Several  who  went  out  to  fight 
their  country's  battles  never  returned,  and  some  who  did  return  died,  either  of 
wounds  received  in  battle  or  of  disease  engendered  by  exposure  and  fatigue. 
Among  those  thus  sacrificed  that  the  Union  might  survive  were  John  Evans, 
Nathan  Hill,  James  Bastian  and  others  whose  names  are  unfortunately  not 
credited  to  the  town. 

The  politics  of  the  town  have  varied  with  circumstances  somewhat.  Dur- 
ing its  first  years,  it  was  decidedly  Democratic,  but,  after  a  few  years,  small 
Republican  majorities  were  given,  especially  at  State  or  national  elections  :  but 
for  the  last  six  years  politics  have  been  somewhat  ignored,  and  a  strong  "  anti- 
monopoly  "  sentiment  has  prevailed,  so  that  it  would  not  be  safe  to  say  that  its 
politics  were  at  present  either  Republican  or  Democi'atic,  though  probably  on 
a  purely  political  question  the  majority  would  be  with  the  former. 


428  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTOX  COUNTY. 

As  indicating  the  comparative  value  of  property  in  the  township,  for  1877, 
the  Assessor's  book  shows  an  assessed  value  of  $363,891.  This,  though  quite 
large,  is  of  course  but  little  more  than  one-third  of  the  actual  valuation.  No 
doubt  the  full  value  of  all  property,  both  personal  and  real,  is  considerably  in 
excess  of  a  million  of  dollars.  In  1854,  the  total  value  could  not  have  exceeded 
$30,000,  showing  an  increase  of  more  than  3,000  per  cent.,  or  a  doubling  of 
values  every  eight  years. 

•NEVADA  TOWNSHIP. 

Washington  Irving,  in  his  history  of  New  York,  commences  with  the  crea- 
tion of  the  world,  asserting  that,  as  the  Knickerbockers  Avere  descendants  of 
Adam  through  Noah,  therefore,  in  order  to  a  full  understanding  of  the  whole 
matter,  their  histoid  should  besjin  at  the  ^^beginninor."  And  as  the  creation  of 
Nevada  Township  was  coeval  with  that  of  the  Garden  of  Eden,  so,  with  equal 
propriety,  may  the  historian  of  Nevada  Township  begin  at  that  remote  period, 
by  saying  that  but  few  places  on  the  earth  were  created  which  excel  it  in  nat- 
ural beauty  and  agricultural  advantages.  Its  little  grove  of  timber,  fringing 
the  beautiful  little  stream  of  Mazon  :  its  gently  undulating  surface,  Avhich  ren- 
ders it  at  once  pleasant  to  look  upon,  and,  on  account  of  its  easy  drainage, 
desirable  as  farming  land ;  and  its  deep,  rich  soil,  whose  })roductiveness  is  not 
excelled  in  the  county  or  in  the  State,  make  it  one  of  the  most  desirable  for 
the  agriculturist  to  be  found  anywhere.  So  thought  and  so  said  James  Funk, 
as  he  stood  upon  the  bank  of  the  Mazon,  thirty  years  ago,  and  looked,  now 
upon  the  little  purling  stream,  and  then  upon  the  beautiful  broad  prairie,  stretch- 
ing out  like  a  sea  to  the  west  and  south,  on  the  western  shore  of  which  could  be 
dimlv  seen  the  grove  along  the  Vermilion,  and  on  the  south  the  timber  at  Deer 
Creek.  Certainly  nothing  else  could  have  induced  him,  at  that  time,  to  take  up 
his  abode  so  far  from  friends  and  neighbors  and  the  conveniences  of  an  older  and 
more  thickly  settled  community. 

True,  to  the  northwest,  at  a  long  distance,  there  were  a  few  settlers,  and 
James  Martin  had  but  the  year  before  settled  a  few  miles  distant  in  Grundy 
County  ;  but  between  this  point  and  Pontiac,  a  distance  of  eighteen  miles,  was 
not  a  single  human  habitation  ;  to  the  west  for  an  equal  distance  was  but  the 
open  prairie :  and  to  the  east  and  north,  clear  beyond  the  confines  of  the  county, 
lived  not  a  human  being. 

If  Mr.  Funk  was  romantic,  he  doubtless  gazed  rapturously  upon  the  beau- 
tiful scene  ;  but  as  he  was  practical,  he  must  have  noticed  more  especially  the 
substantial  and  useful  features  of  the  surroundings.  He  must  have  noted  the 
fine  range  of  pasture  for  his  cattle,  in  which  he  dealt  considerably,  and  the 
advantage  that  the  running  stream  of  water  would  be  to  his  stock  raising.  He 
no  doubt  considered  the  supply  of  wood  for  fuel  and  lumber ;  for  the  railroail, 
which  now  brings  these  commodities  almost  to  the  farm,  had  then  scarcely  been 
thought  of.     He  must  have  scratched  down  into  the  soil   and   observed  that  it 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  420 

■was  of  a  very  rich  and  productive  nature,  and,  on  account  of  its  proximity  to 
the  creek,  -would  be  easily  drained.  All  of  these  things  he  must  have  taken 
into  account,  as  a  compensation  for  isolation  from  schools,  churches  and  society. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  that  he  concluded  to  locate  here :  and,  determined  upon,  it  was 
done.  He  selected  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  1.  He  no  doubt  consid- 
ered this  the  best  location  for  his  purpose,  as  he  had  his  choice,  the  whole 
township,  at  that  time,  being  government  land.  Mr.  Funk  moved  to  his  land 
in  1848,  opened  his  farm,  and  began  raising  stock.  He  remained  here,  however, 
but  a  few  years,  for,  in  1852,  we  find  him  an  early  settler  of  Five-Mile  Grove, 
in  the  history  of  which  town  he  receives  further  notice. 

James  Martin,  though  at  first  not  a  resident  of  the  township,  deserves  men- 
tion here,  as  he  lived  just  across  the  line,  and  really  broke  the  first  land  in 
Nevada  Township,  and  in  1859,  became  an  actual  resident.  Martin  came 
from  New  York,  and  settled  in  the  Grove,  in  ls47.  where  he  remained  until 
his  removal  to  Nevada,  twelve  years  later.  In  later  years,  he  has  had  his 
home  in  Dwight. 

Andrew  Cotrel,  a  young  man  from  Wilmington,  bought  a  claim  of  Funk, 
on  Section  1.  It  will  be  remembered  that,  prio^to  1852,  not  a  section  of  land 
in  the  whole  township  was  actually  owned  by  any  one.  but  settlers  simply 
"squatted"  on  the  land  and  "claimed"  it.  A  part  of  this  claim  was  sold  by 
Funk  to  Cotrel.  Cotrel  lived  here  but  a  short  time,  when  he  sold  out  his 
claim  to  J.  M.  Reeder,  and  removed  to  Five-Mile  Grove. 

J.  M.  Reeder  and  family  came  from  Indiana,  in  1848,  and  having  pur- 
chased Cotrels  claim,  settled  and  became  permanent  residents.  He  afterward, 
m  1853,  purchased  his  land  of  the  Government,  and  was  one  of  the  very  first 
whose  names  appear  on  the  original  entry  book.  Reeder  remained  in  the 
township  until  1863,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Marion  County. 

William  Kirkendall,  from  Indiana,  and  brother-in-law  of  Reeder.  arrived 
with  his  family  in  1852.  He  bought  fifteen  acres  of  Reeders  claim,  upon 
which  he  lived  about  ten  years,  when  he  sold  out  and  rented  land  for  a  few  years, 
again  purchased  land  on  Section  1,  and  finally  sold  out  and  removed  from  the  county. 

Stephen  Kyle  and  Thomas  C.  McDowell,  the  former  from  Ohio  and  the 
latter  from  Pennsylvania,  came  in  1853,  and  entered  land  and  became  perma- 
nent settlers. 

Mr.  Kyle,  in  the  early  days  of  the  township,  was  one  of  its  most  prominent 
and  respected  citizens.  He  was  elected  to  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  in 
1857,  a  year  before  the  township  was  organized,  and  when  this,  with  Dwight 
and  Round  Grove,  were  known  as  the  Dwight  Precinct.  On  the  organization 
of  the  township,  in  1858,  he  was  elected  as  the  first  Supervisor,  and  re-elected 
to  that  office  in  1859.  He  had  been  to  the  far  West,  and  had  worked  for  a 
time  in  Nevada ;  and  when  the  townships  were  named  he  gave  it  the  one  it  now 
bears.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion,  he  enlisted  as  a  soldier,  wa* 
elected  Lieutenant  of  his  company,  and  died  in  the  service  of  his  country. 


430  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

McDowell  was  an  honored  and  useful  citizen.  He  lived  here  a  number  of 
years,  and  died  in  the  township. 

In  1854,  Robert  Thompson,  George  Bishop  and  Hosea  Spencer  settled  in 
the  township.  Thompson  was  from  Guernsey  County,  Ohio,  and  Bishop  and 
his  father-in-law,  Spencer,  were  from  New  York.  Thompson,  or  "  Uncle  Rob- 
ert," or  the  "  Iron -Gray  'Squire,"  as  he  is  pleasantly  called,  is  one  of  the  best- 
known  and  most  highly-respected  citizens  of  the  county.  His  expressive  title, 
the  "•  Iron- Gray  'Squire,"  is  variously  translated.  As  to  the  first  word  of  the 
cognomen,  the  metal  may,  with  great  propriety,  be  said  to  represent  the  mettle 
of  the  man,  and  probably  but  few  terms  could  be  found  that  would  convey  a 
better  idea  of  his  firm  and  steady  character.  As  to  the  first  word  in  connec- 
tion with  the  second,  the  term  may  readily  apply  either  to  the  clothing  or  the 
head,  both  of  which  are  distinguishing  features  of  his  outward  appearance.  As 
to  the  "  'Squire,"  every  one  knows  that.  He  was  the  first  'Squire  or  Justice  of 
the  Peace  of  the  precinct  of  Dwight,  and  was  elected  to  the  office  in  1855  and 
held  it  until  the  adoption  of  the  "  Township' Organization  Act,"  in  1858.  The 
first  summons  issued  by  him  was  for  a  man  in  Round  Grove.  The  summoned 
party  discovered  something  wrong  in  the  paper,  and,  on  the  day  set  for  trial, 
appeared  promptly  and  confidently  demanded  a  non-suit,  on  the  ground  of 
irregularity.  But  the  Squire  replied  that,  ''  though  the  little  paper  might 
have  been  faulty,  it  had  at  least  brought  him,"  and  refused  his  claim,  requiring 
him  to  stand  trial. 

Mr.  Thompson  was  elected  Supervisor  in  1860,  and  was  re-elected,  with 
the  exception  of  two  years,  every  Spring  until  1871,  Avhen  he  absolutely  refused 
to  serve  longer,  and  the  township  then  elected  his  son  three  successive  years. 
"Uncle  Robert  "  has  now  retired  from  active  business  pursuits  and  politics, 
and  lives  a  quiet  life  at  his  present  home  in  Dwight. 

George  Bishop  was  a  lawyer.  He  remained  here  but  a  short  time,  and  then 
removed  to  Pontiac,  Avhere  he  engaged  for  a  few  years  in  his  profession.  It  is 
related  that  he  was  once  engaged  by  John  Kingore,  who  at  the  time  was  landlord 
of  the  Buck  Hotel,  as  counsel  in  a  case  in  which  he  was  one  of  the  principals. 
Kingore,  when  highly  excited,  had  a  peculiar  and  amusing  habit  of  finishing 
up  every  sentence  and  almost  every  phrase  with  the  word  "sir.'"  In  the  suit 
referred  to.  Lawyer  Bishop  was  unsuccessful,  and,  when  the  decision  was  ren- 
dered, Kingore  turned  to  his  attorney  and  jerked  out :  "  Mr.  Bishop,  sir,  I 
have  much  law  business,  sir,  to  attend  to,  sir ;  but,  sir,  if  I  ever  give  any  more 
of  it  to  you,  sir,  why,  sir,  may  I  be ,  sir  !  " 

Jason  Tuttle  came  from  New  York,  in  1851,  and  settled  here,  but  remained 
but  a  few  years,  and  then  removed  to  Five-Mile  Grove. 

The  foregoing  list  embraces  nearly  all  who  had  settled  here  before  the  com- 
pletion of  the  railroad,  which  passes  through  the  county  a  few  miles  east.  This 
event  gave  a  sudden  impetus  to  settlement  throughout  all  this  section  of  coun- 
try, and  by  the  year  1858  the  township  had  received  quite  a  number  of  acces- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


431 


sions.  By  the  year  named,  L.  E.  Ross,  James  C.  George,  Stephen  Morrison, 
Thomas  Magee,  John  Carlisle,  R.  C.  Adams  and  James  C.  Henry  had  come  in. 
Ross  was  one  of  the  first  Commissioners  of  Highways,  and  held,  from  time  to 
time,  various  offices  of  trust,  among  which  was  that  of  Treasurer  of  Schools. 
Magee  was  the  second  Township  Clerk,  John  Carlisle  second  Assessor,  and 
Adams  second  Collector. 

In  those  days,  though  comparatively  modern,  many  hardships  to  which  we 
are  now  unaccustomed  had  to  be  borne,  and  many  of  the  luxuries  of  life,  now 
so  common,  were  unknown.  Though  the  soil  Avas  as  productive,  the  price 
obtained  for  its  products  was  far  below  that  now  obtained,  and,  before  the  com- 
pletion of  the  railroad  system,  everything  had  to  be  hauled  as  far  as  Morris, 
which  was  the  nearest  point  on  the  canal.  Poultry,  sheep  and  even  hogs  were 
often  destroyed  by  wolves,  and  corn  and  wheat  were  injured  by  the  herds  of 
deer  which  ranged  through  the  little  grove  and  the  adjoining  prairie. 

The  township  was  one  of  those  set  oif  in  1857  for  a  separate  precinct,  and 
the  first  election  was  called  for  and  held  April  6,  1858.  With  the  exception  of 
Stephen  H.  Kyle  as  Supervisor,  L.  E.  Ross,  James  C.  George  and  Stephen 
Morrison  as  Commissioners  of  Highways,  and  John  Carlisle  and  Jacob  Angle 
a-s  Justices  of  the  Peace,  we  have  no  means  of  determining  who  were  the  first 
officers  elected — the  record  of  the  first  election  being  lost. 

At  first,  politics  did  not  enter  into  questions  relating  to  township  matters ; 
but  after  a  year  or  two  the  lines  were  drawn  tightly,  and  Nevada  has  almost 
always  since  been  strongly  Democratic — indeed,  at  times  has  claimed  to  be  the 
banner  town  of  the  county.  At  the  subsequent  township  elections,  the  follow- 
ing were  the  principal  officers  elected : 


Date. 

1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
186',) 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1878 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 


Supervisor. 


Clerk. 


Assessor. 


S.  H.  Kyle Thomas  Magee.... 

Robert  Thompson R.  B.  Strong 

S.  S.  Strong 'E.  B.  Coleman.... 

Kobert  Thompson E.  B.  Coleman.... 

1.  ('.  Magee 'E.  B.  Coleman..,. 

Robert  Thompson JC  G.  Barr 

Robert  Thompson John  Cai'lton 

Robert  Thompson .John  Carlton 

Robert  Thompson Ira    VV.  Hand 

Robert  Thompson Thomas  Ward 

Robert  Thompson jThomas  Ward 

Robert  Thompson Thomas  Ward 

Robert  Thompson J.  B.  Bell. 


,  .lohn  Carlisle...., 

.J.  C.  George 

Jjohn  Thompson. 

is.  H.  Kyle 

].r.  M.  Reeder 

I  J.  D.  Lambert..., 
.1.  D.  Lambert..., 


Collector. 


R.  C.  Adams, 
.lohn  Thompson. 
John  George. 
.1.  C.  George. 
J.  C.  George. 
J.  M.  Reeder. 
Stephen  Morrison. 


11.  B.  Southworth John  George. 


Henry  L.  Badger. 

Davis  Atkins 

J.  D.'  Lambert 

W.  D.  Willoughby. 


Benjamin  Thompson. 
Thomas  Dougherty 
Patrick  Moran. 
Patrick  Moran. 


Benjamin  Thompson...  A.  C.  Miller. 
Benjamin  Thompson  ..J.  B.  Bell.. 
Benjamin  Thompson...  J.  B.  Bell. 
~     "  Bell., 

Bell. 

Bell, 


W.  D.  Willoughby 'Hosea  Spencer. 


E.  D.  Brown iJ.  B. 

E.  D.  Brown J.  B. 

£.  D.  Brown |J.  B. 


Austin  Gibbons. 
Austin  Gibbons,... 
.Johnson    \^ankirk. 

Louis  Gillet 

Edward  Far  rage... 
Louis  Gillet 


Charles  O'Donnell. 
James  Dunbar. 
Patrick  Riordan. 
Patrick  Lannan. 
Patrick  Lannan. 
Patrick  Lannan. 


The  officers  elect  for  1878  are  E.  D.  Brown,  Supervisor ;  J,  B.  Bell,  Clerk ; 
Louis  Gillet,  Assessor :  Patrick  Riordan,  Collector ;  Pliilip  Gibbons,  Peter 
Killeeii  and  Matthew  McDermott,  Road  Commissioners;  M,  McDonnell,  Lyman 


432  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Moore  and  Peter  Webber,  Constables ;  Bernard  Murphy  and  Joseph  Bellott. 
Justices  of  the  Peace,  and  J.  A.  Cavanaugh,  School  Treasurer. 

The  first  school  taught  in  the  neighborhood  was  about  the  year  1852.  A 
few  families  joined  together  and  built  a  small  log  cabin,  in  which  Hannah 
Putnam,  as  now  remembered,  taught  the  first  term.  The  school,  though  organ- 
ized largely  for  the  benefit  of  children  living  in  Nevada  Township,  was  in 
reality  across  the  line,  in  Grundy  County.  These  facilities,  limited  as  they 
were,  answered  the  demands  until  1855,  when  what  was  and  is  still  known  as 
the  "  Thompson  School  "  was  organized  and  a  school  house  erected.  The  house 
was  erected  from  funds  belonging  to  the  county,  which  amount  was  subsequently 
paid  back  to  the  county  fund.  At  the  tinve  of  which  we  speak,  there  were  but 
thirty-two  persons  under  21  years  of  age,  and  the  school  numbered  only 
about  eighteen  scholars  belonging  to  the  township  ;  but  by  a  law  then  in  force, 
children  from  adjoining  districts,  and  even  in  adjacent  townships,  where  schools 
had  not  been  organized,  were  permitted  to  attend ;  and  from  these  neighbor- 
hoods a  few  scholars  attended.  Ten  years  later,  we  find  large  accessions  have 
been  made  to  the  population.  The  land  has  all  been  entered  and  mostly  put 
under  cultivation.  Dozens  of  new  farms  have  been  opened,  roads  and  bridges 
have  been  built,  and  the  town  has  a  largely  improved  appearance.  In  the  item 
of  schools,  a  decided  interest  has  been  taken,  and  very  satisfactory  advance  is 
observable.  From  the  little  log  cabin  in  1852  to  the  more  pretentious  frame 
building  in  1856,  the  number  increased,  by  1866,  to  five  respectable  school 
houses,  with  120  scholars  in  attendance.  From  thirty-two  persons  under 
21  years  of  age,  during  the  ten  years,  we  find  an  increase  of  nearly  thre^ 
hundred ;  and  while,  in  1856,  the  whole  amount  expended  for  educational  pur- 
poses in  this  township  was  but  ^54.55,  in  1866  it  was  $761. 

An  idea  of  the  condition  of  schools  at  this  date  may  be  gathered  from  the 
following  figures,  extracted  from  the  ToAvnship  Treasurer's  report  for  1878  : 

Nu  mber  of  schools 9 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled 350 

Number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 418 

Number  of  persons  under  21 601 

Number  of  teachers 18 

Special  tax  raised  for  school  purposes $1,838  00 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers l.THO  00 

Whole  amount  paid  for  all  school  purposes 3,547  00 

Amount  of  township  school  fund 5.655  00 

From  the  above  it  will  be  readily  seen  that  the  increase  and  improvement 
in  schools  must  have  been  quite  marked,  comparing  very  favorably  with  other 
townships. 

There  is  not  at  this  time  what  might  be  termed  a  real  poor  school  house  in 
the  township  ;  on  the  contrary,  all  are  comfortable,  and  most  of  them  furnished 
with  good  desks,  maps,  charts  and  other  conveniences  for  making  first  class 
schools. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  433 

The  call  of  the  country  in  1861,  to  rescue  the  Government  from  the  hands 
of  those  who  sought  its  destruction,  was  not  unheeded  by  the  citizens  of  Nevada 
Township.     As  did  Putnam,  when   informed   that  the  country  was   being  over- 
run by  the  British,  they  left  their  plows  in  the  furrows,  and,   mounting  the 
liorses  that  had  been  unhitched  therefrom,  galloped  oft'  to  the  nearest  recruiting 
office,  and  enrolled  their  names  "for  three  years  or  during  the  war."     We 
should  like  to  follow  them  in  all  of  their  weary  marches  and  their  hard-fought 
battles,  and  give  them  credit  for  all  of  their  bravery,  for  their  noble  endurance 
of  hunger,  thirst  and  cold,  for  sore  feet  and  tired  'limbs  ;  but  time  and  space 
forbid  but  a  short  mention  of  the  names  of  those  who  did  still  more— who  even 
laid  down  their  lives  that  the  country  which  they  loved  better  than  their  own 
lives  might  live.     Among  those  who  enlisted  from  this  township,  who  went  out 
to  fight  their  countrys  battles  and  returned  not,  are  remembered  Stephen  Kyle, 
Orson  Spencer.  Charles  Spencer,  John  Collister,  Henry  Collister,  John  Kyler,' 
Frank   Kimberg   and   Frank  Angle.     Though  their  bones  lie,  some  in  the  soil 
where  they  fell,  and  some  nearer  home,  where  friendly  hands  removed  them,  yet 
are  neither  they  nor  their  valiant  deeds  forgotten. 

Nevada  Township  is  a  full  Congressional  town,  and  is  described  as  Town- 
ship 30  north,  Range  6  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  north  by  Grundy  County,  on  the  east  by  Dwight  Township,  on  the  south 
by  Esmen,  and  on  the  west  by  Sunbury.  It  is  crossed,  from  east  to  west,  on 
the  half  section  line  a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  north  line  of  the  township,  by 
the  west  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  from 'the 
northeast  to  the  southwest  by  the  main  line  of  the  same  road,  which  cuts  oft' 
two  sections  from  the  southeast  corner.  The  west  branch  of  Mazon  Creek  rises 
in  the  southwest  part,  and  flows  northeast  and  north,  leaving  the  town  at  a 
point  near  the  middle  of  the  north  line  of  Section  1.  This  creek  furnishes  an 
ample  supply  of  stock  water  for  the  farms  through  which  it  flows.  In  the 
north  part  of  Section  1  is  a  fine  little  grove  of  timber,  not  so  extensive,  how- 
ever, as  formerly,  as  many  of  the  trees  have  been  felled  and  used  for  fuel  and 
fencing.  The  soil  is  very  fine  and  deep,  being  well  adapted  for  the  raising  of 
corn,  oats  and  rye,  immense  quantities  of  which  are  produced.  The  total  valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  property  for  1877  was  $390,760. 

VILLAGE  OF  NEVADA. 

The  village  of  Nevada  was  laid  out  and  platted  for  William  Shephard,  of 
Jersey  County,  111.,  from  Section  8.  The  plat  consists  of  forty-five  acres,  and 
was  surveyed  by  A.  C.  Huetson,  County  Surveyor,  February  10,  1870. 

Prior  to  1868,  the  citizens  of  Nevada  Township  had  not  thought  of  a  closer 
market  for  their  grain  and  other  produce  than  Odell  and  Dwight.  The  valuable 
accession  to  the  commercial  facilities  of  this  section,  of  the  main  line,  had  so 
recently  been  completed  that  they  were  scarcely  ready  to  believe  that  they  had 
need  for  more.  However,  in  1869,  the  western  division  was  built,  and  immedi- 
ately a  new  tracing  point  was  established  in  the  midst.     The  line  had  but 


434  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

been  completed,  and  the  location  for  a  station  fixed,  when  it  was  realized  by  a 
number  of  shrewd  business  men  that  this  must  soon  be  a  point  of  considerable 
significance.  With  a  large  scope  of  territory,  consisting  of  such  fine  farming 
lands  as  is  embraced  in  Nevada  and  the  eastern  part  of  Sunbury,  it  could  not 
be  otherwise  than  that  a  trading  point  Avould  develop  here,  comparing  favor- 
ably in  extent  and  importance  with  others  on  the  line. 

The  first  to  realize  these  facts  was  E.  D.  Brown,  who  was  then  residing  in 
the  township.  He  built  the  first  house,  in  the  Spring  of  1870,  removed  his 
family  at  once  to  the  station,  opened  a  store,  and  began  buying  grain.  For  the 
purpose  of  handling  grain,  he  at  fii^st  erected  a  small  granary.  To  this,  as  circum- 
stances required,  he  made  additions,  until  it  embraced  the  large  elevator  now 
occupied  by  A.  M.  Wright  &  Co.,  of  Chicago.  He  continued  the  store  until 
it  was  burned  down,  in  April,  1875,  and  the  grain  business  until  the  following 
Spring. 

Buildings  were  erected  here  as  nearly  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  named 
as  can  now  be  remembered. 

After  BroAvn  had  completed  the  buildings  ah-eady  mentioned,  he  erected  the 
dwelling  house  in  which  he  has  since  resided,  and  into  which  he  removed  in  the 
Fall  of  1870. 

Michael  Bridell  and  family  came  from  West  Virginia  in  the  Fall  of  1870, 
and  built  a  house  Avhich  was  at  first  used  as  a  saloon,  but  in  which,  a  few 
months  later,  was  opened  a  store  of  general  merchandise.  The  store,  however, 
had  but  a  short  existence,  and  he  returned  to  his  former  occupation,  that  of  a 
carpenter,  and  Mrs.  Bridell  opened  up  a  millinery  establishment,  which  she  has 
kept  up  ever  since. 

John  B.  Simpson  came  from  Gardner,  in  the  Fall  of  1870,  and  built  a 
blacksmith  shop,  and  worked  at  the  trade  during  the  Fall  and  Winter.  Early 
in  the  Spring  of  1871,  he  built  himself  a  dwelling  house  and  brought  his 
family  to  the  place.  His  shop  was  the  first  of  its  kind,  and  the  "  village  black- 
smith" still  plies  the  bellows,  and  from  early  morn  till  the  setting  sun  the 
sharp  ring  of  his  anvil  may  still  be  heard. 

Louis,  Joseph  and  Julius  Gillet,  three  brothers,  and  Frenchmen,  resided  in 
the  township  when  the  railroad  was  built,  and,  on  its  completion,  came  to  the 
station  to  live.  They  reared  them  a  stable  in  the  Fall  of  1871,  in  which  they 
"kept  house"  during  the  ensuing  Winter  and  most  of  the  next  Summer.  In 
the  Fall  of  1872,  they  built  a  more  comfortable  abode,  and  turned  the  stable 
over  to  its  legitimate  purposes. 

H.  F.  Burr  and  family  removed  to  this  place  in  the  Spring  of  1872,  and 
erected  a  store  and  dwelling  house,  in  which  he  set  up  a  stock  of  hardware. 
They  subsequently  removed  to  Kansas. 

In  the  Fall  of  1872,  A.  C.  Miller  arrived  and  built  a  dwelling  house.  He 
has  since  removed. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  435 

In  the  Spring  of  1873,  Thomas  Brady,  from  Grundy  County,  erected  a 
store  buihling,  for  the  purpose  of  opening  a  dry  goods  and  grocery  house,  but 
did  not  prosper  well,  and  returned  to  his  former  home.  In  the  Fall  of  1872. 
J.  A.  Cavanaugh  and  family  arrived  from  La  Salle  County.  He  came  for  the 
purpose  of  engaging  in  the  grain  and  stock  trade,  in  which  business  he  has 
been  eminently  successful.  The  country  about  the  station  is  well  adapted  to 
the  raising  of  corn,  and  immense  (juantitics  of  it  are  shipped  from  this  point. 
Cavanaugh  at  first  built  a  small  granary,  and  in  this  handled  grain  during  the 
Winter  of  1872-3.  The  following  Spring,  he  erected  the  large  elevator  which 
he  now  operates. 

As  soon  as  the  station  was  located,  and  people  commenced  to  settle  at  the 
place,  demands  began  to  arise  for  postal,  educational  and  church  accommoda- 
tions. Heretofore  Dwight  and  Odell,  tliough  somewhat  distant,  had  served  the 
people  of  this  vicinity  with  postal  facilities,  but  when  business  began  to  open 
at  the  station,  the  Government  established  a  post  office. 

E.  D,  Brown  Avas  appointed  first  Postmaster.  His  successors  have  been  E. 
F.  Eaton,  H.  F.  Brown,  James  K.  Dean,  B,  Doav,  Henry  Devoe  and  George 
'Baker.     At  present,  the  office  is  held  by  B.  Dow. 

The  only  church  in  the  village,  and  indeed  in  the  township,  is  that  of  the 
Methodists.  It  was  organized  soon  after  the  village  began  to  build,  and  at  first 
consisted  of  about  ten  members.  A  convenient  place  for  holding  public  meet- 
ings was  very  desirable,  and  a  proposition  to  erect  a  church  edifice  met  a 
hearty  response;  and  very  soon  a  sufficient  amount  was  pledged  to  warrant  the 
society  in  building.  Lewis  Springer,  as  Pastor,  had  charge  of  the  society  in 
1873,  and  it  was  under  his  administration  that  the  work  began.  The  subscrip- 
tions were  procured  largely  through  the  influence  and  personal  solicitation  of 
E.  D.  Brown.  The  house  cost  $1,800,  and  is  twenty-six  feet  in  width  and  forty- 
two  in  length.  It  is  'well  built,  neatly  furnished  throughout,  and  compares 
favorably  in  size  and  style  with  similar  buildings  in  towns  of  larger  size.  The 
society  has  been  quite  successful,  not  only  financially,  but  in  increase  of  mem- 
bers and  influence.  The  present  membership  is  about  one  hundred.  Rev.  W. 
R.  Phillips  is  the  present  Pastor,  and  resides  in  the  village. 

So  far,  educational  advantages  have  been  quite  limited ;  and  until  last  year 
no  school  had  been  organized  at  the  place.  The  only  privileges  of  the  kind 
heretofore  had  been  those  afforded  by  the  district  school,  some  distance  from  the 
village.  Last  Winter,  however,  a  room  was  hired  in  toAvn,  Emma  Carlisle  em- 
ployed as  teacher,  and  a  school,  consisting  of  about  forty  pupils,  established. 
The  citizens  contemplate  the  immediate  erection  of  a  school  building,  commen- 
surate with  their  wants,  within  the  limits  of  the  village. 

Business  is  represented  here  at  present  by  J.  A.  Cavanaugh  and  A.  M. 
Wright  &  Co.,  who  deal  in  grain  and  lumber;  A.  W.  Davis  and  J.  A.  Cava- 
naugh, dealers  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  ;  B.  B.  Dow,  dealer  in  drugs  and 
medicines  ;  and  various  other  shops  and  stores  common  to  a  village  of  like  size. 


436  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  population  of  the  town,  at  this  time,  is  about  200, 

As  an  indication  of  the  business  transacted  at  the   station,  the  following 

figures,  kindly  furnished  by  the  Agent  of  the  C,  A.  &  St.  Louis  R.  R.,  John 

Jamison,  are  given  : 

Received  from  freights  forwarded,   1877 $8,095  00 

"  "  '•         received,         "     1,737  00 


$9,832  00 

ROOK'S  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  is  one  of  the  best  watered  in  the  county.  It  is  crossed  by 
Scattering  Point  Creek  in  its  western  part ;  by  Rook's  Creek,  from  which  it 
receives  its  name,  through  the  eastern  and  central  portions ;  by  the  Vermilion 
River,  in  the  northeast  corner,  and  variously  traversed  by  numerous  small  tribu- 
taries of  these  streams.  The  eastern  and  northern  parts  are  well  timbered, 
though  the  large  trees  fell  before  the  axe  of  the  pioneer,  and  by  the  old  water 
mills  were  rapidly  converted  into  lumber. 

Away  from  the  streams,  the  surface  of  the  township  is  rather  undulating, 
and  well  adapted  to  stock  grazing.  The  land  is  very  productive,  and  many  of 
the  farmers  confine  their  occupation  to  raising  grain.  In  the  early  settlement 
<if  the  township,  wheat  Avas  one  of  the  principal  crops  grown.  Of  late  years, 
however,  corn  has  done  better  and  is  now  the  principal  grain  crop  grown.  Oats 
and  rye  do  well  and  are  raised  to  a  limited  extent. 

The  earliest  settlement  in  this  township  dates  prior  to  the  Black  Hawk  war. 
It  is  a  noticeable  fact,  and  one  the  reader  cannot  well  pass  by  in  these  pages, 
that  all  early  settlers  located  near  the  timber.  There  were  many  causes  tend- 
ing to  this  move.  The  majority  came  from  a  wooded  country,  and,  not  know- 
ing the  prairie  could  be  cultivated  and  having  no  implements  with  which  to  do 
it,  had  they  desired,  allowed  it  to  remain  as  nature  formed  it.  Being  accus- 
tomed to  log  cabins,  large  fireplaces  (and  who  of  us  does  not  yet  love  to  linger 
over  the  wide  old  fireplace  ?),  with  the  blazing  log  fire,  they  very  naturally  sought 
for  the  same  comforts  in  their  new  home.  Coal  was  not  then  to  be  had;  hence 
we  find  the  pioneers  of  Western  life,  with  scarce  an  exception,  taking  their 
claims  near  the  timber,  and,  in  many  cases,  planting  their  first  crops  there. 

The  first  settler  in  the  township  was  Roderick  Rook,  from  whom  the  creek 
and  the  township  afterward  received  each  its  name.  He  brought  his  family 
here  in  the  latter  part  of  1830,  and  located  a  claim  where  is  now  the  farm  of 
Nathan  Huston.  Mr.  Rook  came  from  Pennsylvania  to  the  Sucker  State,  and, 
though  this  part  was  then  a  wilderness,  with  hardly  an  inhabitant,  with  his 
German  pertinacity,  he  struck  boldly  out  for  it,  and  that  year  found  a  suitable 
home  and  determined  to  locate. 

At  that  date,  there  was  not  a  sign  of  civilization  where  Pontiac  now  stands, 
and  not  a  village  in  this  part  of  Illinois  could  be  found.  The  nearest  point  was 
Bloomington,  on  the  south,  then  scarcely  worth  the  name  of  a  village.     Ottawa, 


-it's''^^^. 


ODELL  TP 


■^-Vj- 


i"'JVti»h 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  439 

on  the  north,  was  just  coming  into  notice ;  Chicago  was  a  small  trading  village, 
with  more  Indians  than  white  men  ;  Springfield  was  only  a  small  town  ;  Jack- 
sonville had  about  200  inhabitants;  while  "Egypt"  was  the  "land  of  corn 
and  wine  "  to  many  a  frontier  settler,  who  replenished  his  crop  of  corn  from 
that  locality  when  nature  failed  him  or  his  supply  was  exhausted. 

Mr.  Rook  built  a  small  cabin  immediately  on  his  arrival,  and  began  the  sub- 
jugation of  his  pioneer  farm.  Mr.  John  Johnson,  who  followed  him  in  1833, 
thinks  he  came  in  the  Spring  of  1831,  and  raised  a  crop  that  season.  He  is 
certain  he  preceded  Mr.  Garret  Blue,  the  second  settler  in  the  present  bounds  of 
Rook's  Creek  ToAvnship,  whom  he  thinks  came  in  the  Autumn  of  1831.  Mr. 
Rook  remained  on  his  claim  until  about  1835,  when  he  sold  to  Robert  Brecken- 
ridge  and  went  to  Missouri.  From  that  State,  as  though  desirous  of  getting 
further  in  advance  of  settlements,  he  went  to  Texas.  In  all  his  removals,  his 
family  remained  with  him,  and  with  him  went  to  the  Lone  Star  State. 

Mr.  Blue,  already  mentioned,  was  a  native  of  Virginia.  From  the  Old 
Dominion,  he  went  to  Ohio,  while  that  State  was  in  its  infancy.  There  he 
heard  of  the  rich,  grassy  prairies  of  Illinois,  and  determined  to  emigrate 
thither.  Hence,  we  find  him,  during  the  Summer  of  1830  or  1831,  threading 
his  way  across  the  State  of  Indiana,  then  thinly  settled,  and,  by  the  time  the 
frost  came,  he  was  on  the  banks  of  Rook's  Creek  and  preparing  to  pass  the 
Winter.  His  claim  is  now  the  farm  of  James  Marks,  whose  father,  Jacob, 
came  to  the  settlement  in  1836,  and  purchased  Mr.  Blue's  claim. 

Mr.  Blue's  fiimily  consists  of  his  wife  and  several  children.  Mrs.  Johnson 
thinks  a  daughter  of  his,  Keziah,  was  the  first  white  child  born  here,  and  that 
the  marriage  of  another  daughter.  May,  to  Lemuel  Barrett,  was  the  first  nup- 
tial event  in  the  settlement.  "  We  generally  had  a  frolic,  when  a  marriage 
occurred  in  the  neighborhood,"  said  Mrs.  Johnson,  in  a  conversation  with  the 
writer,  "  but  when  Mary  was  married,  there  wasn't  enough  to  make  a  frolic, 
if  we  had  invited  everybody  on  the  creek."  Weddings  were  a  source  of  gi-eat 
pleasure  to  the  pioneers,  and,  when  one  occurred,  everybody  was  always  invited. 
A  greater  affront  could  not  have  been  given  than  to  have  omitted  inviting  any 
neighbor  to  a  wedding.  It  was  rarely,  if  ever,  done,  and  only  when  a  feud  or 
an  ill-feeling  existed  between  the  family  of  the  groom  or  bride  and  some  of  their 
neighbors — a  state  of  feeling  rarely  existing. 

A  settlement  of  a  few  families  was  made  on  the  eastern  side  of  Rook's 
Creek  about  1831  or  1832,  by  a  Mr.  Hill,  David  Kinkaid,  and  a  Mr.  Moxley. 
These  persons,  it  seems,  made  a  very  short  stay,  removing  in  a  year  or  two  after 
their  settlement.  They  were,  no  doubt,  only  looking  for  a  permanent  location, 
and  not  feeling  satisfied  with  the  country  here,  soon  left  for  other  parts.  While 
living  here,  Mrs.  Hill  died.  This  is  believed  to  be  the  first  death  in  the  settle- 
ment. So  of  all  the  pioneers  who  had  so  bravely  endured  the  trials  incident  to 
frontier  life,  Mrs.  Hill  was  the  first  to  lay  herself  down  in  that  quiet  sleep  that 
"knows  no  waking." 


440  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

We  have  dio-ressed  somewhat  in  our  narrative,  and  will  return  to  Mr.  Blue. 
He,  as  has  been  narrated,  sold  to  Jacob  Marks.  When  Mr.  Marks  took  pos- 
session, Mr.  Blue  went  to  Wolf  Point,  Avhere  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
days.  One  of  his  daughters  married  and  removed  further  west ;  the  other  is 
now  the  wife  of  Reuben  Bennett,  of  Amity  Township. 

One  of  the  earliest  residents  near  the  timber  skirting  Rook's  Creek  was 
Andrew  McMillan,  whose  claim  was  in  Pontiac  Township.  His  sons  were 
grown  when  they  came.  It  was  in  his  house  that  the  first  election  for  county 
officers  was  held,  May  8,  1837,  when  the  highest  number  of  votes  any 
candidate  received  was  eighty-six. 

Mr.  John  Johnson,  already  referred  to,  came  to  the  settlement  in  August, 
1838.  He  brought  his  family  first  to  the  cabin  of  Mr.  Blue,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  his  crops  were  gathered.  He  then  went  to  his  own  selected 
claim,  and  there  he  is  yet  living.  He  built  a  small  log  cabin,  in  which  they 
lived  until  he  was  able  to  erect  a  better  one.  His  first  son  occupied  the  site  of 
his  present  home,  and  here  he  and  his  family  passed  many  happy  days. 

The  oft  repeated  story  of  the  emigrant's  removal  to  the  West  need  hardly 
be  repeated  here.     It  was  substantially  the  same  in  all  cases.     Almost  all  came 
in  the  large  canvas-covered  wagons,  drawn  by  as  many  horses  as  their  means 
allowed  them  to  own.      On  the  way,  they  camped  out  when  no  sheltering  house 
could  be  found,  and  prepared  their  evening,  morning  and  noon   meals  by  the 
roadside  over  a  fire  kindled  for  the  purpose.     In  this  way  he  journeyed  on, 
over  plains,  through  forests,  fording  streams,  with  the  sun,  in  many  cases,  his 
only  guide  from  one  landmark  to  another.      When  he  arrived  at  his  destination, 
his  first  care  was  the  erection   of   a   cabin,  which,  with   its   mud   or  puncheon, 
floor,  its  stick  chimney,  rude  door,  and  no  window  save  the  openings  left  here 
and  there  between  the  logs,  sufficed  him  many  days  for  a  house.     Mr.  Johnson 
says  that  when  he  arrived  on  the  banks  of  Rook's  Creek,  no  families  save  those 
mentioned— Mr.  Rook's  and  Mr.  Blue's— were  living  in  the  confines  of  what  is 
now   Town  28,  Range  4  east.     He  made  the  third  actual  settler,  the  families  of 
Mr.   Hill,   Mr.    Kinkaid  and   Mr.    Moxley,   from   their  short  stay,  not  being 
counted  among  actual  settlers.     Mr.  Johnson  says  concerning  the  time  of  his 
settlement,  "The  prairie  west  of  me  was  as  wild  as  it  ever  was.     There  was  not 
a  house  to  be  seen  anywhere  on  it,  and  one  could  travel  many  miles  before  he 
would  find  one.      Wolves  were  as   plenty  as  blackberries,   and    were    rather 
bold  in  their  movements.     I  could  have  shot  lots  of  them  from  my  cabin  door. 
They   would  commonly  stay  in  the  prairie  in  the  daytime,  and  come  to  the 
woods  at  night.     Deer  were  not  so  plenty  at  first  as  after  a  few  years.     The 
Kickapoo   Indians  had  hunted  a  good  deal  around  here,  and  had  driven  them 
away.     They   killed  more  does   than   bucks,  and  hence  put  a  check  on  their 
increase."     After  a  few  years,  however,  they  increased  rapidly,  and  Mr.  John- 
son and  other  pioneers  tell  how  they  could  go  out  on  the  prairie  any  time  and 
see  from  fifty  to  one  hundred.     The  early  settlers   often  supplied   themselves 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTV.  441 

with  clothing  by  tanning  the  hide  of  the  deer,  dressing  it  with  oil  and  making 
pants  or  cloaks.  If  tanned  and  dressed  properly,  the  hide  would  always 
remain  pliable,  and  not  shrink  when  wet,  and  was  very  durable.  Wild  ducks, 
geese,  cranes  and  prairie  chickens  abounded  then  in  great  numbers.  Thev  fur- 
nished plenty  of  food  for  the  early  settlers,  and  aftbrded  fine  opportunities  to 
any  wandering  Ninirod  who  desired  to  enjoy  this  healthful  sport.  The  grad- 
ual encroachment  of  the  white  man  drove  away  these  natives  of  the  prairies, 
until  now  not  one  remains. 

The  next  settler  after  Mr.  Johnson  was  Mr.  Robert  Breckenridge.  Ho 
came  in  1834  ;  purchased  the  claim  of  ^Ir.  Rook  ;  returned  to  Ohio,  and  sent 
his  boys  to  the  new  home.  They  brought  part  of  their  goods  in  wagons,  and 
shipped  part  by  water  around  to  Hennepin,  where  they  found  them,  and  from 
thence  brought  them  to  Rook's  Creek. 

Another  native  of  the  Buckeye  State,  Thomas  Pendiel,  with  his  brother 
David,  came  about  the  same  time.  They  did  not  remain  long,  however,  remov- 
ing to  some  other  locality. 

David  Corbin  also  came  to  Rook's  Creek  about  the  same  date,  from  the 
Vermilion  River.  A  short  time  after  this,  the  land  was  surveyed  and  the  settlers 
were  required  to  go  to  Danville  to  the  land  office  and  pay  for  their  claims. 
They  commonly  paid  Government  price,  $1.25  per  acre,  and  were  always  allowed 
first  choice  in  the  entry  of  their  homesteads.  Did  a  speculator  attempt  to  over- 
bid them  at  the  land  sale,  they  were  a  kind  of  law  unto  themselves,  and  per- 
suaded  him  not  to  enforce  his  claim,  and  nearly  always  prevented  him  from 
bidding  against  any  of  them.  He  must  content  himself  with  unsettled  lands, 
and  generally  acceded  to  the  demands  of  the  settlers. 

Mr.  Johnson  states  that  for  several  years  after  the  settlements  we  have  des- 
cribed, they  were  allowed  to  live  alone,  no  new  settlers  appearing.  This  part  of  the 
State  had  as  yet  no  outlet  for  its  products  nearer  than  Ottawa  or  Chicago. 
Bloomington  was  only  a  small  trading  place  and  post  office,  affording  no  market 
for  grain  or  hogs.  As  the  country  nearer  the  river  was  yet  thinly  settled, 
emigrants  located  there,  in  the  Western  Reserve  or  in  the  Sangamon  country. 
This  retarded  the  upper  central  part  of  Illinois,  and  not  until  the  completion  of 
the  canal  and  the  railroads  did  that  part  of  the  State  whose  history  these  pages 
chronicle  fill  rapidly  with  settlers. 

In  the  Spring  of  1840,  school  was  opened  in  a  small  log  house,  in  what  is  now 
Amity  Township.  It  stood  near  the  line  dividing  Amity  from  Rook's  Creek, 
neither  of  which  were  then  contemplated,  and  was  the  school  for  all  the  children 
on  the  creek.  Many  came  quite  a  distance  and  boarded  with  some  of  the  nearest 
residents.  The  teacher  received  her  pay  directly  from  the  patrons  in  the  form 
of  subscriptions.  The  school  was  maintained  three  months,  and  had  an  attend- 
ance of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  scholars  daily.  The  next  school  in  the  neighbor- 
hood was  kept  in  Mr.  Johnson's  cabin  the  following  Summer,  and  had  about 
the  same  number   of  scholars ;  studied  the  same  branches,  prominent  among 


442  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

■which  were  the  three  "  R's."  Not  long  after  this,  the  community  concluded  a 
school  house  would  be  a  good  adjunct  in  their  midst,  and  quite  a  number  get- 
ting totrether  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Breckenridge,  erected  a  very  substantial  log 
sti-ucture,  and  the  following  Winter — 1842-4:3 — saw  a  very  creditable  school 
taught  therein.  Like  its  predecessors,  it  was  a  subscription  school,  and  in  fact 
for  over  ten  years  none  other  was  sustained.  In  the  erection  of  the  log  school 
house,  the  Edgingtons  took  a  prominent  part,  and  were  always  firm  supporters 
of  any  and  all  educational  enterprises. 

In  Amity  Township,  the  principal  sale  of  the  school  section  was  made  in 
1847,  though  five  years  before  this  twenty  acres  had  been  sold.  The  sale  of 
the  land  created  a  fund  for  school  purposes,  and  was  the  principal  reason  of  the 
firm  establishment  of  the  school  in  the  early  days  of  that  township.  The  peo- 
ple of  Rook's  Creek,  though  known  there  only  by  the  Government  survey, 
desired  to  profit  by  the  success  of  Amity,  and  petitioned  for  the  sale  of  their 
school  section.  November  24,  1854,  this  sale  was  effected,  and,  with  the  fund 
on  hand  derived  from  the  State  on  the  yearly  enumeration,  constituted  a  fund 
amounting  to  nearly  two  thousand  dollars.  With  this  amount  secured  to  the 
township,  a  good  beginning  could  be  made.  It  is  to  be  remembered,  all  this 
money  was  not  paid  as  yet,  but  was  secured.  At  a  meeting  of  the  residents  in 
the  township,  it  was  decided  to  make  two  or  three  districts,  and  erect  in  the  one 
most  populous  a  suitable  school  house  at  once.  This  school  was  in  operation 
during  the  Winter  of  1854-5,  as  Ave  find  from  a  report  made  by  William 
McMillan,  Township  Treasurer,  for  the  latter  year.  From  this  report  we  learn 
that  there  was  taught  one  school  by  a  "male"  teacher ;  that  he  had  30  scholars 
— 16  boys  and  14  girls — attending  his  school ;  that  he  was  paid  $18  per  month, 
and  that  there  was  only  $21  in  the  treasury  to  pay  him,  compelling  him  to  wait 
until  the  tax  was  collected.  This  report  further  states  that  the  amount  of  the 
principal  of  the  township  fund  was  $1,853.12  ;  that  the  amount  of  interest  on 
township  fund  paid  into  the  township  treasury  Avas  $186.15  ;  that  the  amount 
of  State  or  common  school  fund  received  by  the  Township  Treasurer  was 
$216.50 ;  that  the'  amount  of  ad  valorem  tax  was  $572,  which  he  is  able  to 
record  as  all  paid.  The  Treasurer  states,  also,  that  the  "whole  amount  paid 
for  building,  i-epairing,  purchasing,  renting  and  furnishing  school  houses  was 
$686,  and  that  the  amount  paid  for  school  apparatus  was  $15.61.  Mr.  McMil- 
lan reports  three  districts  organized  at  that  date,  including  the  school  mentioned, 
the  other  two  building  houses  shortly  after.  From  the  erection  of  the  school 
house  and  its  school  of  thirty  scholars  dates  the  beginning  of  the  public  com- 
mon schools  of  Rook's  Creek  Township,  and  from  that  time,  as  new  settlements 
were  made,  other  houses  were  built,  until  the  common  number — nine — is  now 
reached.  Good  schools  are  now  the  order,  and  are  regularly  sustained  from 
five  to  seven  months  during  the  year. 

Religion  and  education  generally  go  hand  in  hand  in  the  history  of  our 
country.     The  first  settler  desires  a  school  house  and  then  a  church,  and  rests 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  443 

not  until  he  gets  tliem.  Earlier  than  the  school,  came  the  ministers  of  the  Gos- 
pel and  proclaimed  its  good  news.  But  the  people  were  poor,  not  able  to  sup- 
port a  minister,  and  contented  themselves  with  meeting  in  each  other's  cabins 
and  holding  a  service  of  prayer  and  song.  After  the  school  houses  Avere  built, 
they  occupied  those  until  they  were  able  to  erect  a  house  exclusively  for  relig- 
ious purposes.  The  first  attempts  for  the  formation  of  a  religious  society  were 
made  in  the  Autumn  of  1858.  In  October  of  that  year.  Rev.  D.  Anderson,  a 
Methodist  minister,  who  had  been  several  times  along  the  creek  holding  services 
in  school  houses  and  dwellings,  organized  a  class  consisting  of  Samuel  and 
Martha  M.  Malone,  John  and  Mary  Lilly  and  Jesse  and  Catharine  Legg — six 
members.  Mr.  Malone  was  appoint^ed  Class  Leader,  and  Mr.  Lilly,  Steward. 
Before  the  year  closed,  this  little  band  was  joined  by  Mrs.  Lucinda  Riggle.  It 
met  in  the  old  school  house  near  the  church,  in  which  building  the  congregation 
met  until  the  completion  of  their  present  house  of  worship. 

Rev.  A.  C.  Frick  was  the  next  preacher  here,  and  under  his  labors  the  con- 
gregation increased  to  forty  members.  In  1860,  Rev.  —  Brandenburg  was 
appointed;  in  1861,  Rev.  Robt.  Pierce;  in  1862,  Rev.  P.  A.  Crist;  and  in 
1864,  Rev.  A.  P.  Hull ;  and  as  the  congregation  had  materially  increased  in 
wealth  and  numbers,  it  was  determined  to  erect  a  church.  As  this  required  a 
legal  existence,  that  year  Trustees  were  elected.  Rev.  A.  E.  Day  was  appointed 
preacher  for  1865  and  1866,  and  during  the  latter  year  a  revival  was  held, 
resulting  in  the  accession  of  quite  a  number  of  members.  The  church  was 
completed  the  next  year,  while  Rev.  Thomas  Cotton  was  Pastor,  the  dedicatory 
sermon  being  preached  by  Rev.  E.  P.  Hall.  At  the  Conference  the  next  year, 
the  Rook's  Creek  Church  appeared  for  the  first  time  on  the  church  records,  and 
has  since  been  regularly  represented.  This  same  year,  the  Prospect  society  was 
formed.  Two  years  after,  a  class  of  seven  members  was  formed  at  Gray's 
school  house,  and  0.  P.  Croswell  appointed  Leader.  In  1871.  the  parsonage 
was  erected  at  an  expense  of  $622.  The  congregation  is  now  entirely  self-sus- 
taining, and  is  quite  prosperous.     The  Pastor  is  Rev.  J.  L.  Ferris. 

The  Germans  have  a  church  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  township,  erected 
some  two  or  three  years  ago.  Thoy  are  quite  numerous  in  this  vicinity  ;  are 
industrious,  and  rapidly  cultivating  and  improving  their  lands. 

Rook's  Creek  Township  was  one  of  the  first  formed  in  the  county,  and,  as 
has  been  noticed,  was  named  in  honor  of  its  first  settler,  Mr.  Rook. 

The  first  town  meeting  was  held  April  6,  1858,  and  the  first  election  that 
Spring.  William  T.  Garner  was  its  first  Supervisor.  Among  its  prominent 
men  is  Mr.  Geo.  B.  Gray,  now  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature.  He  is  one 
of  the  wealthiest  farmers  in  the  township  ;  has  been  President  of  the  Agricul- 
tural Society  at  different  times,  and  has  always  been  one  of  the  county's  most 
influential  and  honored  citizens. 

Away  back  in  the  annals  of  its  earliest  years,  the  township  possessed  an 
unenviable  name  in  the  county,  owing  to  the  presence  of  a  few  who  can,  if  they 


444  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

choose,  give  an  ominous  name  to  any  locality.  Happily  these  are  all  gone  now, 
and  the  township  bears  a  name  equally  honored  with  all  its  cotemporaries.  Of 
the  time  of  which  we  are  speaking,  there  lived  on  the  edge  of  Pontiac  Town- 
ship Mr.  John  Kelley,  an  eccentric  individual,  who  had  a  habit  of  coming  to 
town  every  day.  So  constant  had  this  practice  become,  that  he  was  known  by 
every  one  ;  and  did  he  by  chance  omit  his  daily  trip,  everybody  noticed  it,  and 
straightway  wondered  what  had  come  over  Uncle  Johnny.  He  did  not,  it 
seems,  entertain  a  very  high  opinion  of  Rook's  Creek  Township,  and  though  a 
strong  Universalist,  would  declare  if  there  was  a  place  of  future  punishment,  it 
was  in  Rook's  Creek  or  near  there.  A  local  poet  thus  records  an  absence  of 
Uncle  Johnny  from  town,  the  stir  it  creates,  and  where  he  was  found  : 

"  Where  Rook's  Creek  rolls  its  turbid  tide 

To  meet  Vermilion's  gentler  flow, 
Three  weary  travelers  were  espied, 

Just  as  the  setting  sun  was  low. 
Their  shouts  filled  all  the  evening  air : 
'  Where  is  John  Kelley  ;   where,  oh  where  ?' 

"  '  Where  is  John  Kelley?"  still  they  cried, 

And  echo  rolled  the  notes  afar, 
Until  a  distant  voice  replied,  ^ 

Like  music  from  some  distant  star  :• 
'  You'll  find  me  here,  below  the  ridge. 
Just  northward  from  the  Rook's  Creek  bridge.' 

"They  found  him  digging  in  the  ground. 

The  victim  of  some  mystic  spell ; 
He  cast  his  fearful  eyes  around  : 

He- said  :  '  I  fear  there  is  a  hell. 
I  think  that  I  can  plainly  trace 
Its  indications  in  this  place.'  '' 

Uncle  Johnny  is  now  an  inhabitant  of  Kansas,  but  is  well  known  to  every 
settler  in  all  this  country,  and  many  will  readily  trace  his  peculiarities  in  the 
poetry  quoted. 

Rook's  Creek  Township  is  now  fully  settled.  Several  excellent  farms  are 
in  its  boundary  ;  and  many  wealthy  farmers  reside  where  once 

"  The  Indian  in  all  his  glory  stood. 
The  lord  of  all  he  viewed." 

The  present  township  officers  are  as  follows  :  Clerk,  S.  L.  Cunningham ; 
Collector,  H.  Hutson ;  Assessor,  S.  B.  Tuttle ;  Road  Commissioner,  M.  Bon- 
ham ;  Supervisor,  James  Marks;  and  Wm.  Askew  and  S.  B.  Tuttle,  Justices 
of  the  Peace. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  445 


ROUND  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 

The  settlement  of  Round  Grove  is  one  of  the  earliest  in  the  northeast  part 
•of  the  county.  The  grove  from  which  the  township  derives  its  name  in  shape 
is  nearly  round,  and  hence  the  name.  Here  the  first  settlers  in  this  part  of  the 
county  located,  desirous,  like  others  in  the  pioneer  life  of  the  country,  to  have 
the  benefit  of  timber  as  a  ))rotection  from  the  cold,  and  to  be  provided  Avith  fuel. 
The  reader  cannot  but  notice  the  action  of  all  early  settlers  in  the  West  in  this 
regard.  They  were  sagacious  enough  to  provide  against  all  future  wants  in  this 
resjiect,  and,  too,  were  wedded  to  early  home  firesides,  which  all  so  well  love  to 
linger  over,  where  the  cheerful  wood  fire  was  one  of  the  cheeriest  and  strongest 
attractions. 

The  first  settlers  here  had  a  difficulty  to  overcome  not  often  recognized  at 
this  day.  There  were  no  mills  for  sawing  lumber  here  in  those  days,  and  hence 
•they  were  compelled  to  locate  where  they  could  })rocure  logs  Avith  which  to  erect 
a  habitation.  These  were  often  primitive  afflairs,  only  intended  for  use  until 
the  pioneer  could  erect  a  more  substantial  and  more  comfortable  house.  Many 
of  them  were  built  without  the  aid  of  a  single  piece  of  iron.  Some  of  our 
jounger  readers  may  inquire  how  this  was  done.  "Necessity  is  the  mother  of 
invention,"  is  a  trite  and  true  })roverb.  The  pioneer  had  no  nails  or  bolts  and 
no  money  to  buy  them,  hence  what  he  did  was  the  natural  outgrowth  of  his 
circumstances.  The  logs  could  be  cut  the  right  lengths  in  the  woods,  hauled  to 
the  place  for  building  the  cabin,  there  notched,  and  on  the  raising  day  put  in  their 
place.  When  the  scjuare  forming  the  house  was  completed,  doors  and  windows 
would  be  cut  out,  door  and  window  jams  jnnned,  not  nailed  on,  the  door  fastened 
on  wooden  hinges,  had  a  wooden  latch,  with  its  provervial  latch-string  almost 
alway.s  out ;  the  "shakes"  (shingles)  fastened  on  by  weight  poles  and  stones, 
the  floor  of  slabs,  or  puncheons,  and  a  large  fireplace,  half  the  length  of  the 
end  of  the  house,  completed  the  pioneer  home  for  many  a  man  who  now  ranks 
among  the  wealthiest  in  the  State.  Pins  were  invariably  used  for  nails,  and 
were  always  made  of  the  hardest  and  toughest  wood  the  forest  afforded. 

This  grove  was  an  object  standing  boldly  out  in  the  prairie,  aff'ording  to  the 
•early  hunter  or  traveler  a  guide  in  his  wanderings,  and  here  very  naturally  the 
first  settler  pitched  his  tent  and  began  preparations  for  the  founding  of  a  new 
home. 

About  the  year  1850  or  '51,  John  Currier  brought  his  family  from  the  old 
Keystone  State,  intending  to  find  for  them  a  home  on  the  broad  prairies  of  Illi- 
nois. He  came  at  first  to  Morris,  where,  hearing  of  the  rich,  unsettled  lands  in 
Livingston  County,  below  Dwight,  on  the  line  of  the  proposed  Chicago,  Alton 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  determined  at  once  that  there  he  could  find  the  desired 
aim  of  his  migration.  Coming  into  the  prairie,  he  saw  at  once  the  desirableness 
of  the  grove,  and  selected  it  as  a  permanent  home.      Here  he  built  a  cabin, 


446  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

and  opened  a  claim,  here  he  lived,  and  here  are  yet  part  of  his  family  who 
survive  him.  He  had  been  here  but  a  short  time  when  he  was  joined  by  Alfred 
Clover  and  his  family,  from  Indiana.  After  remaining  here  a  number  of  years, 
he  sold  his  farm  and  removed  farther  west.  Clark  Pratt  was  the  next  settler  in 
the  new  neio^hborhood.  He  was  also  from  the  Hoosier  State.  His  family  are 
yet  residents  of  the  township.  The  next  was  James  Gibson,  who,  like  Mr. 
Clover,  did  not  remain  here,  but  also  went  farther  west.  Philip  Clover  Avas 
probably  the  last  of  the  five  families  settling  at  that  time.  He  is  still  a  resident 
of  the  township,  and  has  seen  it  in  all  its  changes. 

These  five  families  were  the  pioneers  of  Round  Grove  Township,  and,  until 
Stephen  Potter  settled  in  1854,  Avere  the  only  residents  here.  They  came  before 
the  railroad  was  built,  when  there  was  no  Dwight  or  Odell,  and  when  Pontiac 
was  a  place  of  small  note,  Avhose  nearest  railroad  communication  was  Springfield, 
where  was  the  old  Northern  Cross  Railroad,  the  oldest  in  the  State,  and  where, 
in  1851,  the  first  railroad  crossing  in  the  State  was  made,  when  what  is  now 
the  Chicao-o,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  reached  that  city  and  crossed  the  old 
Northern  Cross — now  Toledo,  Wabash  &  Western.  The  people  of  this  part 
of  the  State,  however,  rarely,  if  ever,  Avent  to  Springfield,  preferring  Morris, 
Joliet,  OttaAva  or  Chicago.  At  the  time  of  which  we  are  writing,  the  canal 
was  completed  and  Morris  the  chief  trading  point. 

They  broke  the  prairie  Avith  the  large  breaking  plows  of  that  time,  planted 
sod  corn,  raised  a  few  garden  products,  and  Avith  the  Avild  game,  then  so  abun- 
•dant,  were  enabled  to  live  in  plenty.  The  next  Spring,  they  ploAved  their  fields 
again,  smoothed  them  with  a  brush  drag  or  wooden-toothed  harrow,  and  raised 
a  good  crop  of  corn.  Their  manner  of  life  did  not  A^ary  much  from  this.  They 
improved  their  lands  as  they  could,  built  better  houses  as  soon  as  they  Avere  able, 
and  when  the  railroad  was  completed  through  the  county,  made  Dwight  their 
post  office,  and  as  soon  as  a  store  Avas  opened  there,  made  it  their  trading 
point. 

The  railroad  Avas  completed  through  to  Joliet  during  the  Summer  of  1854. 
That  Spring,  it  would  not.  hoAvever,  carry  any  freight,  being  yet  in  too  unfin- 
ished a  condition. 

The  settlers  Ave  have  named  Avere  joined  that  Spring  by  Mr.  Stephen  Potter, 
who,  with  his  family,  of  five  persons,  came  here  from  Joliet.  He  had  emigrated 
from  NeAv  York  to  Ohio,  in  the  vicinity  of  Cleveland,  Avhere  he  says  he  could 
have  purchased  many  now  valuable  lots  for  a  little  or  nothing.  Like  the  poor 
individual,  however,  who  one  day  demurely  asked  Mark  Twain  if  he  knew 
where  he  could  obtain  a  '"good  square  meal  for  a  quarter,"  was  shown  by  the- 
iirepressible  humorist  a  restaurant  Avhere  such  a  meal  could  be  had,  and  was 
about  starting  on,  Avhen  the  poor  felloAV  very  humbly  asked  him  if  he  knew 
where  he  could  get  the  quarter.  This  was  too  much  for  Mark,  who  immediately 
furnished  him  the  desired  amount.  Mr.  Potter  states  there  were  many  places 
where  a  very  small  sum  of  money  would  have  purchased  what  is  now  very  valu- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  447 

able  property,  but,  like  the  man  in  the  story,  he  didn't  know  where  he  could  get 
that  small  amount  of  money.  He,  however,  wanted  to  come  farther  west,  and 
in  1844,  came  to  Joliet,  then  a  very  small  town.  He  remained  here  ten  years, 
when,  desirous  of  becoming  a  farmer,  he  came  to  Round  Grove,  being  the  sixth 
settler  there,  his  arrival  dating  April  7,  1854.  At  that  date,  the  country  for 
nearly  thirty  miles  south  of  the  grove  was  entirely  uninhabited.  There  was  no 
timber,  save  a  little  along  the  small  creeks,  in  all  this  scope  of  territory,  that 
could  be  utilized  by  the  pioneer.  The  land  had  been  in  the  market  at  govern- 
ment prices  over  twenty  years,  but,  owing  to  its  remoteness  from  market,  had 
failed  to  find  purchasers,  and  was  used  as  a  general  hunting  ground  by  all 
frontier  Nimrods. 

Mr.  Potter  came  from  Joliet  in  a  wagon,  the  railroad  at  this  time,  as  has 
been  stated,  refusing  to  carry  passengers  or  freight.  It  was  yet  in  an  unfinished 
condition,  the  only  trains  running  over  this  part  of  the  line  being  the  construc- 
tion trains. 

Mr.  Potter  brought  his  family,  some  furniture,  and  a  few  farming  utensils 
with  him,  and  at  first  occupied  one  of  the  cabins  near  the  grove.  As  soon  as 
he  had  placed  his  family  in  this  pioneer  home,  he  went  to  Morris  and 
brought  back  sufficient  lumber  to  erect  a  small  frame  "shanty,"  what  is  now  the 
kitchen  part  of  his  house.  Into  this  he  moved  his  family,  and  occupied  it  while 
he  broke  the  prairie  and  cultivated  the  first  crop.  It  was  then  enlarged  and 
repaired  and  made  suitable  for  passing  the  Winter.  Mr.  Potter  was  always 
exceedingly  fond  of  hunting,  and  was  noted  for  his  skill  in  the  use  of  the  rifle. 
He  has  been  known  to  kill  from  six  to  eight  deer  in  two  hours ;  his  boy  follow- 
ing him  with  a  horse  and  sled  to  haul  them  to  the  house,  where  the  venison 
was  prepared  for  future  use. 

This  part  of  the  country  was  a  noted  hunting  ground  for  the  Indians. 
Shabbona,  a  noted  Indian  chief,  whose  portrait  and  biography  appear  in  this 
work,  often  came  from  his  grove  in  DeKalb  County,  and  hunted  over  these 
prairies.  He  nearly  always  brought  several  of  his  tribe  with  him.  His  two 
daughters  accompanied  him,  to  cook  his  meals  and  "jerk  "  the  venison.  One  of 
these  was  very  dark  featured,  and  one  just  the  reverse.  They  were  clothed  in 
calico  obtained  from  the  Indian  agent,  and  were  quite  civilized  in  their  habits. 
The  encampment  was  always  near  the  grove,  where  fuel  and  water  could  be 
easily  obtained.  Shabbona  nearly  always  rode  an  Indian  pony,  and  was  an 
expert  hunter.  One  day,  while  riding  over  the  prairie  in  quest  of  game,  he 
came  upon  Mr.  Potter,  who  was  then  a  new  settler,  and  whom  he  had  never 
seen  before.  Riding  up  to  him,  and  as  if  to  impress  him  who  he  (Shabbona) 
"was,  and  also  to  let  him  know  his  name,  he  smote  his  brawny  breast,  saying, 
"  Shabbona  (pronouncing  the  last  syllable  like  a  in  law^  and  giving  it  the 
accent),  me  I  Shabbona,  me!"  Mr.  Potter  nodded  assent  to  what  he  said, 
when  the  chief  continued,  waving  his  hand  toward  the  broad  expanse  of  prairie 
before    him,    "  One  time   white    man's  wo-haw   plenty,   plenty ;    white   man's 


448  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

wo-haw  plenty."  "  You  mean  buifalo  plenty  here  once  ?  "  inquired  Mr.  Potter. 
"  Yes,  buf-/e-lo,  buf-/e-lo  plenty,"  responded  Shabbona.  The  chief  could  con- 
verse a  little  in  the  English  language,  and  was  always  a  steadfast  friend  of 
the  white  men,  at  one  time  saving  many  of  them  from  the  fury  of  his 
countrymen. 

An  important  hunting  expedition  is  worthy  of  record  here,  although  it  did 
not  take  place  until  1860.  We  refer  to  the  hunting  party  of  the  Prince 
of  Wales.  Their  chief  point  Avas  Dwight,  although  they  hunted 
through  several  surrounding  townships.  Many  stories  are  told  how  the  Prince 
and  his  party  slaughtered  tame  ducks,  turkeys  and  chickens,  and  were  com- 
pelled by  the  wrathful  owners  to  pay  round  sums  for  their  mistakes.  They 
spent  their  time  hunting  steadily,  carrying  all  their  provisions  with  them,  get- 
ting only  tea  and  coffee  from  the  inhabitants.  Several  of  the  attendant  Lords 
were  exceedingly  ignorant  of  the  American  pioneers,  and  sagely  inquired  if 
they  really  did  drink  tea  and  coffee,  and  could  read  and  write.  Did  they  know 
where  England  was,  and  anything  of  her  greatness  ?  They  were  often  corrected 
by  being  informed  of  things  in  England  even  they  did  not  know.  They  soon 
learned  to  respect  the  yeomanry  here,  and  greatly  admired  the  intelligence 
exhibited  among  them.  One  day,  while  hunting  near  Mr.  Potter's,  in  Round 
Grove  Township,  they  were  informed  of  his  skill  in  the  use  of  the  rifle,  and  at 
once  sent  for  him  to  hunt  with  them.  They  generally  shot  feathered  game 
while  on  the  wing,  and  Mr.  P., 'taking  the  same  course,  surprised  them  by  inva- 
riably bringing  down  the  game.  They  were  amazed  at  his  skill,  and  could  not 
account  for  the  fact  of  a  man  following  his  profession  being  such  a  sure  shot. 
They  could  not  forget  him,  and  on  their  return  to  England  wrote  to  a  resident 
of  Dwight  asking  him,  in  language  more  emphatic  than  elegant,  if  that  old  man 
still  lived  out  on  the  prairie  who  shot  so  accurately  when  hunting  with  them. 

Lady  Franklin  paid  the  Grove  a  visit  when  on  her  travels  through  the 
West.  She  sent  for  the  women  in  the  neighborhood  to  call  and  see  her,  many 
of  whom  accepted  the  invitation,  and  were  received  with  that  ease  and  elegance 
born  of  royalty. 

Shortly  after  Mr.  Potter  arrived,  the  Broughtons  passed  by  his  place  on 
their  way  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  township  which  now  bears  their  name. 
They  came  from  Morris  in  a  large  moving  wagon,  and  were  the  earliest  settlers 
in  that  township.  Dwight  was  then  only  started,  and  could  boast  of  but  one 
house,  and  that  a  board  shanty  where  the  tools  were  kept  and  some  of  the 
railroad  laborers  slept.  Odell  was  not  then  known,  and  to  Morris  the  resi- 
dents were  obliged  to  go  after  mail.  Pontiac  was  a  8ma)l  village  only,  with 
more  hope  than  anything  else. 

The  next  settler  in  Round  Grove  Township,  then  known  only  by  its  gov- 
ernment survey  as  Town  30  north.  Range  8  east,  was  William  Cook,  who,  with 
his  family,  came  from  Joliet  and  settled  in  the  western  part  of  the  township. 
He  was  probably  one  of  the  last  settlers  that  Summer. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  449 

The  next  Winter,  1854-5,  a  school  was  taught  in  one  of  the  log  cabins  by 
Charlotte  Potter,  now  Mrs.  Charlotte  Eldred.  Slab  seats  were  made,  holes 
bored  in  the  log  walls  and  desks  made  on  the  pins  inserted  in  them,  a  box 
stove  placed  in  it,  and  the  room  was  considered  ready.  This  was  the  school 
for  this  community  until  after  the  township  organization,  in  1858.  That  pro- 
duced a  change  for  the  better,  and  new  and  more  comfortable  houses  came  into 
use.  In  the  Autumn  of  1858,  Mr.  Potter  went  to  Joliet  and  procured  lumber 
for  the  erection  of  a  school  house,  which  was  completed  and  occupied  the  next 
Summer.  School  was  taught  in  this  building  by  Margaret  Turner,  of  Dwight, 
and  such  was  the  state  of  the  township  finances  that  Mr.  Potter  was  obliged  to 
wait  almost  two  years  before  he  received  pay  for  building  this  house.  About 
the  time  the  war  came  on,  the  township  began  to  increase  very  raj)idly  in  popu- 
lation, and  other  schools  were  added.  This  continued  to  be  the  case  until  the 
present  number,  nine,  was  reached.  The  schools  are  now  in  good  condition, 
and  are  maintained  fully  six  months  in  the  year. 

There  are  no  established  churches  in  the  township.  Several  Catholics 
reside,  here,  but  belong  to  the  church  just  south,  in  Broughton  Township. 
Those  belonging  to  other  denominations  generally  attend  divine  service  in 
Dwight.  Through  the  Summer,  Sunday  schools  are  held  in  many  of  the 
school  houses,  and  are  well  sustained.  In  the  early  days  of  the  people  here, 
services  were  held  in  each  other's  cabins  or  houses,  and,  after  the  building  of 
the  school  houses,  were  held  there.  When  roads  were  made,  the  people  began 
attending  church  in  Dwight,  and  still  keep  up  the  practice. 

In  the  old  log  school  house  the  first  elections  were  held,  and  here  votes  were 
cast  for  Fillmore  and  Buchanan,  representing  the  two  great  political  parties  of  the 
day.  The  politics  of  the  township  have  always  been  nearly  equally  divided 
between  the  Republicans  and  Democrats  ;  and  since  the  Greenback  party  came 
into  prominence,  it  has  found  a  good  number  of  adherents  here. 

The  township  furnished  its  full  (|Uota  of  men  for  the  late  war.  These  gen- 
erally went  to  Dwight,  Odell  or  Pontiac  to  enlist,  and  hence  in  the  war  record 
printed  elsewhere  in  this  book  will  be  found  credited  to  those  places. 

We  have  noted  the  coming  of  the  first  settlers  in  this  town,  and  have 
narrated  at  some  length  their  settlement  here  and  their  trials  and  difficulties 
experienced  in  the  subjugation  of  the  new  prairie  country.  We  could  go  on  in 
this  strain  to  an  indefinite  length,  giving  the  name  of  each  settler  and  what  he 
did  when  coming  here.  This  is  so  fully  given  in  the  biographical  part  of  the 
work,  under  each  name,  that  its  mention  here  would  simply  be  an  unnecessary 
repetition,  and  to  these  pages  the  reader  is  referred  for  the  further  prosecution 
of  this  subject. 

A  glance  at  the  wealth  of  the  township,  as  shown  by  the  Assessor's  books, 
shows  a  striking  exhibit  of  the  results  of  a  little  over  a  quarter  of  a  century's 
growth.  The  Assessor  reports  22,959  acres  of  improved  lands — none  unim- 
proved.     He  valued  this  land  at  ^282,240.  hardly  one-half  its  real  value.     He 


450  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

enumerates  582  hoi-ses,  1,119  head  of  neat  cattle,  201  head  of  sheep,  34  mules. 
3,020  hogs,  and  quite  a  number  of  other  domestic  animals.  He  values  these 
at  350.000 — an  exceedingly  low  estimate.  Corn  is  the  principal  cereal  grown. 
Oats  and  rve  do  •well,  but  are  not  extensively  cultivated.  Wheat  has,  in  the 
earlier  davs  of  the  township,  formed  the  staple  crop,  but  of  late  years  has  given 
way  to  com.  The  last  report  of  the  Assessor  shows  that  32  acres  were  grown 
in  wheat.  9.429  in  com,  1,427  in  oats,  and  960  in  other  field  products.  He 
also  reports  2,896  acres  of  meadow,  2,119  in  inclosed  pasture,  85  in  woodland, 
and  96  in  orchards. 

The  face  of  the  country  included  in  Round  Grove  Township  is  slightly 
undulating,  well  adapted  to  farming  and  grazing,  and  is  fully  improved  by  the 
residents.  It  is  well  watered  bv  four  small  creeks,  runnins:  northward,  afford- 
ing  good  water  facilities  for  stock  grazing. 

The  '-Act  for  Township  Organization"  was  adopted  in  this  county  in  the 
Fall  of  1857,  and  went  into  force  at  the  Spring  election  of  1858.  At  this 
election.  R.  Eldred  was  elected  Supervisor,  and  work  on  roads  was  at  once 
inaufTurated.  The  eifect  of  the  Township  Act  was  the  erection  of  better  school 
houses,  construction  of  better  roads  and  bridges,  and  a  corresponding  improve- 
ment in  all  parts  of  the  township.  It  is  now  thoroughly  settled  and  well  im- 
proved, and  is  one  of  the  best  townships  in  the  county. 

The  following  are  the  present  township  officers  :  Supervisor,  J.  W.  Lister ; 
Collector.  George  Jeffers ;  Road  Commissioner,  W.  H.  Lister ;  Clerk,  Cyrus 
Thomas :  Assessor.  Thomas  Feehery ;  Justices  of  the  Peace.  George  Maxson 
and  Samuel  Casement. 

CHARLOTTE  TOWNSHIP. 

This  township,  like  Sullivan,  is  newly  settled.  It  was  more  than  twenty 
years  from  the  time  of  the  first  settlement  in  Indian  Grove  ere  the  cabins  of  the 
white  man  began  to  dot  the  prairies  of  Charlotte.  Being  a  part  of  Pleasant 
Ridore  until  1864.  its  history  and  early  settlement  are  so  closely  interwoven  with 
that  of  the  latter  town  as  to  render  it  somewhat  difficult  to  separate  one  from 
the  other.  Charlotte  lies  in  the  eastern  tier  of  townships,  and  is  described  as 
Town  27  north.  Range  8  east,  and  is  all  prairie,  except  a  few  sections  of  timber, 
bordering  the  north  branch  of  the  Vermilion  River,  which  flows  through  the 
township  to  the  west. 

The  first  settlement  in  what  is  now  Charlotte  Township  was  made  by  Pat- 
rick Monahan,  in  the  Spring  of  1857.  He  came  from  Old  Ireland,  the  '•  Gim 
of  the  Say,"  and  is  a  genuine,  warm-hearted,  big-souled  Irishman,  in  the  full 
sense  of  the  term.  His  first  habitation  was  made  by  planting  four  posts  in  the 
ground,  across  which  poles  were  laid,  and  boards  placed  across  the  poles.  As 
he  could  obtain  neither  wood  nor  coal,  for  the  first  few  months  his  family  gath- 
ered dried  resin  weeds,  which  were  used  as  fuel.  The  fires  for  cooking  were 
built  on  the  open  prairie.     This  was  the  very  first  opening  or  settlement  made 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COrNTY.  4ol 

in  this  section.  He  states  that  he  shipped  the  first  car  load  of  stock  from  Chats- 
worth,  and  brought  the  first  load  of  lumber  to  that  place.  He  used  to  go  to 
Morris  with  an  ox  team  to  mill,  which  occupie«l  several  days,  and  sometimes  a 
week.  In  breaking  prairie,  the  "  red  roots  '  were  carefully  preserved  for  fiiel. 
This  was  a  kind  of  prairie  shrub,  somewhat  similar  to  hazel  or  willow,  except 
that  it  had  larger  roots.  There  was  no  coal  then  being  mined  in  Livingston 
C'ountv.  and  it  behooved,  the  settlers  to  economize  in  everv  wav  possible  the 
means  of  keeping  up  fires.  John  Monahan  c-ame  with  his  brother,  and  was  a 
^'mc\e  man  at  this  time.  He  lived  with  Patrick  several  vears  before  taking  to 
himself  a  life  partner.  When  the  Monahans  came  to  the  settlement,  one  of 
their  oxen  gave  out  one  mile  west  of  the  place  chosen  for  their  home.  They 
came  on.  and  left  it  Iving  bv  the  road  side,  or  rather,  their  trail,  for  there  were 

•  Cm 

no  roads  then,  and  the  next  morning  Patrick  sent  his  brother  John  back  to  see 
if  the  ox  had  sufficiently  recuperated  to  make  the  remainder  of  the  journey, 
lie  found  only  the  bones  of  the  poor  animal,  the  wolves  having  devoured  it  dur- 
ing the  night. 

The  same  year  that  saw  the  Monahans  pitch  their  tent  upon  these  wild  prai- 
ries brought  Owen  Murtagh  and  John  Martin  to  the  township.  Murtagh  came 
from  Mai-shall  County,  and  settle*!  here  soon  after  Monahan.  After  some  years, 
he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Ford  County,  where  he,  at  the  last  account  of  him. 
resided.  Maitin  came  from  England,  and  seems  to  have  been  but  poor  material. 
He  enlisted  in  the  army  during  the  late  war,  and  after  its  close  retume*!  to  the 
neighborhood,  but  finally  left  his  wife,  who  still  lives  here,  and  went  to  Kansas. 
That  is  the  last  of  him,  so  far  as  this  town  knows  to  the  contrary.  In  the  Fall 
of  1850.  the  settlement  was  augmented  bv  the  arrivals  in  it  of  L.  W.  Dart  and 
a  man  named  Loomis.  These  were  rare  specimens,  from  the  accounts  gathered 
of  them.  Dart  came  here  from  Woodford  Countv,  but  was  originallv  from  the 
Green  Mountains  of  Vermont.  He  built  a  sod  house,  in  which  he  designed 
passing  the  Winter,  but  in  the  fore  pan  of  the  season  it  was  burne»i.  He  lost 
everything  he  had  except  his  wife  and  children,  and  besides  which  he  had  linle 
else.  He  had  nothing  to  live  on,  and  after  his  house  was  burned  staved  at 
Monahans  several  weeks,  until  he  could  find  some  place  to  go  to.  He  appears  to 
have  been  a  bad  manager,  as  he  received  §5,000  with  his  wife  when  he  married, 
but  lost  it  all  in  Woodford  County  in  attempts  at  wheat  raising,  and  in  specu- 
lating, so  that  when  he  came  here  he  was  well  nigh  penniless.  He  is  said  to 
have  been  a  man  of  fine  intelligence,  but  of  a  disposition  to  render  him  unpopu- 
lar, and  a  character  to  some  extent  questionable.  His  family  often  suftered  tor 
the  necessaries  of  life,  sometimes  living  on  potatoes  alone,  somenmes  grinding 
corn  in  a  coffee-mill  for  bread.  He  "*  lawed "'  the  county  for  sixteen  years  for 
some  imaginary  title  to  land  in  Charlotte  Township,  but  without  profit  to  him- 
self, or  anv  one  else,  aside  from  the  law  vers  engaged  in  it.  He  left  the  town  in 
1876  without  a  dollar,  and.  as  we  are  informed,  without  reputation,  and  went  to 
the  Indian  Territorv,  where  he  is  now,  if  he  has  not  lost  his  scalp.     His  wife. 


452  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

however,  was  said  to  be  a  perfect  lady,  well  raised  and  well  liked  by  all.  Loomia 
was  from  New  York,  and  was  another  man  of  little  use  in  the  community. 
He  lived  by  trapping  and  hunting,  and  as  game  became  scarce,  he  added  the 
making  of  axe  handles  to  his  business  as  a  means  of  support.  Like  the  last 
mentioned,  his  family  often  suffered  for  provisions,  and  his  neighbors  remember 
a  time  when  he  had  nothing  in  his  larder  but  some  frozen  potatoes,  which  they 
lived  on  for  days  together.  When  he  run  his  course  here  and  starved  out  com- 
pletely, he  took  the  advice  of  a  noted  philosopher,  and  went  further  West  to- 
grow  up  with  the  country.  William  Hefner  and  Elias  Brown  came  here  from 
Indiana  in  the  Fall  of  1859-60.  They  made  settlements,  but  becoming  dissat- 
isfied sold  out  and  moved  away  about  1870. 

Laurence  Farrall  and  Owen  Finnegan  are  warm-hearted  sons  of  the  ^  Old 
Sod.'"  Farrall  came  from  Ireland,  and  stopped  at  Chatsworth  in  1857,  before 
the  village  of  that  name  had  perhaps  been  thought  of.  He  remained  there  until 
1861,  with  the  exception  of  one  year  spent  in  Fairbury,  when  he  settled  in  this 
township,  where  he  had  bought  land  and  erected  a  house  two  years  before.  He 
still  resides  on  this  place,  and  the  house  then  built  was  the  first  frame  dwelling 
put  up  in  this  township.  Finnegan  came  from  Ohio  here,  but  was  originally  from 
Ireland.  He  stopped  in  Fairbury,  where  lie  remained  two  years,  then  removed 
three  miles  south  of  Chatsworth,  and  in  1862  came  to  Charlotte,  where  he  per- 
manently settled  and  where  he  still  resides.  The  last  two,  with  Patrick  and 
John  Monahan,  are  all  of  the  early  settlers  of  Charlotte  Township  still  living 
among  the  scenes  of  their  early  trials  and  privations. 

Patrick  Monahan's  first  residence,  and  the  one  he  occupied  until  he  got  his 
land  paid  for,  is  still  standing,  a  small  cabin,  presenting  a  striking  contrast  to 
his  present  elegant  dwelling,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  country  residences  m 
Livingston  County,  and  cost  $5,360,  exclusive  of  his  own  work,  which  included 
all  the  hauling  of  material  to  the  ground.  It  is  a  two-story  frame  building, 
with  foundation  of  Joliet  stone  laid  in  cement.  He  is  enjoying  now  the  reward 
of  the  privations  endured  in  the  middle  of  a  great  prairie,  twenty  years  ago. 
Then  hunger  often  stared  him  in  the  face,  and  cold,  with  the  extreme  scarcity 
of  fuel,  was  sometimes  unpleasantly  severe.  He  informed  us  that  in  those  early 
days  his  family  once  lived  nearly  a  week  on  potatoes  and  beans,  and  meal  was 
sometimes  almost  wholly  unattainable.  He  heard  of  some  meal  to  be  had  at  a 
certain  place  beyond  the  river,  and  after  crossing  the  river  on  the  ice,  breaking 
throuo-h  and  nearly  drowning,  as  well  as  freezing,  found  the  place,  but  the  meal 
was  all  gone.  At  another  time,  Brooks,  who  kept  a  store  at  Chatsworth, 
received  a  barrel  of  flour,  and  had  to  divide  it  into  seven  parts  to  accommodate 
his  almost  starving  patrons. 

The  first  child  born  in  Charlotte  Township  was  Julia  A.  Monahan,  a 
daughter  of  Patrick  Monahan,  October  8,  1859.  Her  father  took  her  to  Morris, 
with  an  ox  team,  a  distance  of  fifty  miles,  to  have  h^r  baptized.  Having  no 
gun,  he  made  the  trip  armed  with  a  pitchfork   to  defend  himself  against  the 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  453 

wolves,  which  were  so  bad  that  he  did  not  know  wliether  he  would  get  back 
with  his  charge  or  not.  But  such  is  the  religious  zeal  of  that  devoted  people^ 
that  they  will  brave  any  danger  to  perform  the  decrees  of  their  church.  How- 
ever, he  made  the  trip  in  perfect  safety.  John  Monahan  and  a  daughter  of 
James  Glennin.  of  Avoca  Township,  who  were  marrried  in  October,  1863,  was 
the  first  marriage,  though  the  ceremony  was  not  solemnized  in  the  township. 
The  first  death  was  a  boy  named  Thomas  Bain,  drowned  in  the  Vermilion 
'River  in  the  Winter  of  1862-G3.  He  was  skating  on  the  ice,  when  he  went 
through,  and  for  some  time  his  parents  did  not  know  where  to  look  for  him. 
They  finally  found  where  he  had  broken  through  the  ice,  and  after  breaking  it 
still  further,  found  him  underneath  in  the  water.  His  parents  luid  come  from  EI 
Paso  to  this  settlement,  and  they  took  him  back  there  for  interment.  As  he 
was  their  only  help  on  the  farm,  they  never  came  back  here  to  reside.  The 
next  death  was  an  old  German,  who  worked  for  Patrick  Monahan,  and  died 
very  suddenly.  It  was  extreme  cold  weather,  and  he  was  taken  to  Chatsworth, 
and  in  almost  the  first  vacant  spot  was  buried.  He  is  mentioned  in  the  history 
of  ChatsAVorth  as  the  first  burial  in  the  village  cemetery. 

The  first  school  houses  Avere  built  in  Charlotte  Township  in  1861.  In  that 
year,  the  houses  known  as  the  Dart  and  the  Monahan  school  houses  were  erected. 
The  name  of  the  first  teacher  is  now  forgotten,  but  in  1862,  Miss  Jane 
Winchell  taught  a  school,  which  was  the  second  taught  in  the  town.     The  first 

Board  of   Trustees  were  Patrick  Finegan,  Owen   Murtagh   and Loomis  ; 

the  latter's  first  name  no  one  now  remembers.  The  township  has  at  present 
nine  school  districts,  Avith  good  frame  buildings  in  each  district.  The  citizens  of 
Charlotte  boast  of  the  fact  that  not  a  town  in  Livingston  County  has  better 
school  houses  than  those  of  their  own  town.  The  present  Board  of  Trustees 
are  Samuel  Foreman,  Lawrence  Farrall  and  Jonathan  Edwards.  Owen  Fine- 
gan is  School  Treasurer. 

The  first  blacksmith,  and  the  only  resident  one  the  town  has  had,  Avas  the 
man  Dart,  already  alluded  to.  He  had  a  few  blacksmith's  tools,  and  did  a  little 
work  sometimes,  when  by  strong  persuasion  he  could  be  induced  into  his  shop. 
But  he  usually  had  too  many  irons  in  the  fire,  metaphorically  sj)eaking,  to  bring 
himself  down  to  good  hard  Avork. 

There  are  three  substantial  Avooden  bridges  spanning  the  Vermilion  in  this 
township.  The  first  one  was  a  rude  wooden  structure,  built  before  any  regular 
roads  Avere  laid  out,  and  was,  in  a  fcAv  years,  washed  away,  when  a  substantial 
bridge  Avas  put  up  where  the  road  running  through  the  center  of  the  town 
crosses  the  river,  at  a  cost  of  $1,700.  Patrick  Monahan  had  the  first  road 
laid  out,  which  is  the  one  above  alluded  to.  It  runs  north  and  south,  by  his  resi- 
dence, and  is  the  })rincipal  thoroughfare  of  travel  through  the  toAvn. 

As  stated  in  the  commencement  of  this  chapter,  Charlotte  was  included  in 
Pleasant  Ridge  ToAvnship  until  1864,  when  the  latter  township  petitioned  the 
Board  of  Supervisors  for  a  separation.    In  accordance  with  the  law,  "  made  and 


454  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

provided  '  in  such  cases.  Pleasant  Ridge,  being  the  petitioner,  would  have  been 
the  one  to  have  adopted  the  new  name,  while  all  the  town  property,  such  as 
road-scrapers,  etc..  would  of  right  have  belonged  to  the  other.  But  through 
some  wire-pulliag  process,  known  to  politicians  in  all  ages  and  in  all  countries. 
Pleasant  Rid-^-e  managed  to  retain  the  old  name,  therebv  entitling  her  to  the  town 
property,  otherwise  the  road-scrapei-s.  In  this,  as  we  are  informe<l.  the  man 
Dart  aorain  came  to  the  front.  Being  a  smart  man  and  a  good  talker,  he  argue<l 
to  Charlotte  that  it  would  be  much  grander  to  have  a  new  name  and  a  pretty 
one,  than  "to  have  all  the  old  road-scrapers  in  the  county."  His  eloquence 
won  the  day,  and  his  "oily  tongue  and  "smooth  words"  won  for  him  the 
privilege  of  naming  the  new  town,  which  he  called  Charlotte — the  name,  it  is 
said,  of  a  girl  that  he  courted  in  Vermont  in  his  bachelor  days,  and  for  whom 
he  seemed  to  still  retain  a  warm  feeling.  The  first  Supervisor  after  this  became 
a  separate  township,  was  Thomas  Cotton,  who  appears  to  not  have  given  entii*e 
satisfaction  as  a  representative.  But  good  timber  was  scarce  then,  as  Patrick 
Monahan  informed  us.  and  Tom  would,  for  a  five  cent  cigar,  vote  anv  wav 
to  please  the  Board,  which  was  for  every  appropriation  except  for  his  own 
township.  He  held  the  office  but  one  year,  when  Frank  Cole  was  elected  and 
held  for  two  years  :  next  in  order  came  Justin  Hall,  who  remained  in  office 
four  years,  when  he  was  succee<led  by  C.  G.  Greenwood,  who  represented  the 
town  four  years  more,  when  John  Monahan  was  elected  and  still  holds  the 
office.  Other  township  officers  at  present  are  as  follows :  James  M.  Sleath  and 
J.  W.  Wild,  Justices  of  the  Peace:  Jesse  Harry,  Assessor;  Charles  Reiss. 
CoUector,  and  Wm.  Gingerich.  Town  Clerk. 

There  are  no  church  buildings  in  the  town,  but  religious  meetings  are  held 
in  the  school  houses  and  at  the  people's  residences.  Neither  is  there  a  store 
or  post  office  in  the  township,  but  the  village  of  Chatsworth  being  very  near 
the  line  of  Charlotte,  it  is  almost  as  convenient  to  the  people  of  the  latter  as 
to  its  own  citizens,  and  hence  most  of  the  residents  of  this  town  go  to  Chats- 
worth  to  church,  for  their  mail,  and  to  do  their  ••  store  trailing."  That  is  also 
their  shipping  point  on  the  railroad,  and  at  present  they  do  most  of  their  mill- 
ing there,  as  there  are  no  mills  in  the  town. 

In  the  early  settlement  of  this  section,  milling  was  quite  a  serious  task.  As 
stated  elsewhere,  Pat  Monahan  used  to  go  to  Morris  to  mill  with  oxen.  He  in- 
formed us  that  he  once  gave  Mrs.  Dart  a  sack  of  corn,  when  her  familv  was  act- 
ually  sufiering,  and  she  took  it  on  a  horse  to  Avoca  Township  to  get  it  ground, 
and  on  the  way,  fell  ofi"  the  horse,  with  the  ague,  and  remained  on  the  ground* 
until  some  one  came  along  who  put  her  and  her  sack  of  com  again  on  the 
horse.  It  seems  that  in  the  early  days  of  settling  up  this  section,  everybody 
and  everything,  except  the  prairie  wolves,  had  the  ague  and  fevers,  and 
sometimes  they  woidd  "shake"  an  hour  or  two  every  day  for  a  year,  before 
they  could  succeed  in  permanently  "breaking  it." 

♦She  nerer  knev  how  loag  die  remained  on  the  ground. 


SAUNEIMINTR 


1 


lyywi  1 1 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  457 

To  render  all  these  little  inconveniences  more  aggravating,  the  prairie 
■wolves  were  very  plenty,  and  disagreeably  familiar  sometinfes.  Mr.  Farrall 
informed  us  that  they  came  v.ery  near  surrounding  him  one  day ;  he  was  on 
horseback,  and  was  forced  to  run  his  horse  for  life.  However,  they  were  not 
often  so  vicious.  Deer  Avere  also  plenty,  he  stated,  and  would  often  come  to  his 
watering  trough  to  drink.  Mr.  Monahan  and  his  brother  John  saw  a  herd  of 
deer  on  the  prairie  one  day  near  the  house  of  the  former,  so  large  they  we're 
unable  to  count  them.  In  these  early  times,  when  the  cold  Winter  had  draped 
the  broad  prairies  in  snow,  and  the  wolves  rendered  desperate  with  hunger,  and 
the  settlers  themselves  not  always  free  from  its  pangs,  they  (the  settlers) 
experienced  something  of  the  hardships  of  building  up  homes  in  a  new  country. 
So  great  were  their  sufferings  and  privations,  that  Mrs.  Monahan  believes  it 
would  be  but  just  that  when  they  leave  these  "shores  of  dull  mortality,"  they 
should  march  straightway  into  heaven. 

As  already  stated,  this  township  is  prairie,  except  a  few  little  groves  along 
the  Vermilion  River,  viz.:  Eagle,  Burr  Oak  and  Crab  Apple  Groves,  all  of 
which  are  small  and  afford  very  little  timber.  Eagle  Grove  was  so  called  from 
the  fact  that  eagles  built  their  nests  and  reared  their  young  there,  long  after 
people  began  to  settle  in  the  vicinity.  So  great  was  the  veneration  of  the  peo- 
ple for  these  birds,  or  superstition  it,  may  have  been,  that  they  would  not  under 
any  circumstances  touch  a  tree  in  which  was  an  eagle's  nest.  But  one  night, 
a  party  cut  a  tree  (a  large  burr  oak),  in  which  they  had  built  and  which  con- 
tained six  nests.  This  so  incensed  the  people  they  vowed  to  tar  and  feather  the 
man  who  did  it,  should  they  ever  find  him  out.  The  name  Burr  Oak  was 
applied  in  consequence  of  nearly  all  the  timber  in  this  grove  being  of  that 
species,  and  Crab  Apple,  because  of  these  bushes  being  scattered  through  the 
grove  of  that  name.  The  north  half  of  this  town  is  what  Avas  termed  swamp 
land,  except  Section  14,  which  was  railroad  land.  The  other  half  belonged  to 
speculators,  and  was  owned  mostly  by  W.  H.  Osborn,  Solomon  Sturges  and 
the  Buckinghams. 

Charlotte  has  no  railroads  through  its  borders,  but  the  projected  line  of  the 
Kankakee  &  Southwestern  Road,  which  will  doubtless  be  built  this  year,  will 
pass  through  the  town.  The  Railroad  Company  ask  the  right  of  way  and  the 
grading  of  the  road  by  the  township,  through  its  limits,  which  in  all  probability 
will  be  given.  This  will  be  of  material  benefit  to  this  section  of  the  country, 
by  giving  it  a  competing  line  with  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Road,  and 
a  more  direct  route  to  Chicago  than  over  the  latter  road. 

The  political  record  of  Charlotte  is  noted  for  nothing  out  of  the  usual  line 
of  township  politics.  The  voting  population  is  pretty  well  divided  on  the  issues 
of  the  day,  and  neither  has  much  to  boast  of  in  the  way  of  majorities  or  victo- 
ries. During  the  late  war,  this  town  was  a  part  of  Pleasant  Ridge,  where 
further  notice  is  made  of  its  war  record. 


458  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


BROUGHTON    TOWNSHIP. 

A  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  not  a  Avliite  man  dwelt  in  the  present  confines  of 
Broughton  Township.  Its  beautiful  prairies,  were  traversed  only  by  the  wild 
game  once  so  abundant,  and  the  ambitious  hunter  in  its  pursuit.  A  branch  of 
Morgan  Creek  traverses  the  eastern  half  of  the  township,  passing  northward 
through  Round  Grove.  Numerous  sloughs  are  found  here  and  there  over  it& 
surface,  which,  in  the  earlier  settlement  of  the  county,  proved  often  an  impass- 
able barrier  to  the  emigrants.  These  are  now,  however,  almost  all  drained,  and 
many  are  under  cultivation.  They  afforded,  in  bygone  days,  a  safe  retreat  tO' 
the  sand-hill  crane,  the  wild  goose  or  wild  duck,  which  found  ample  room  for 
their  nests,  and  security  for  their  young.  Wild  prairie  wolves,  deer  and  other 
game  roamed  these  prairies  then  in  certain  security,  and  year  after  year,  beforej 
the  white  man  came,  wild  Indians  found  this  place  an  excellent  hunting  ground, 
and  here  has  been  enacted  many  a  savage  chase  and  many  an  exciting  hunt  by 
the  red  man. 

The  coming  of  that  harbinger  of  civilization,  the  locomotive,  produced  a 
change  in  all  this.  The  railroad  is  a  mighty  agent  in  the  hands  of  progress, 
and  breaks  down  in  its  way  many  of  the  old  customs,  introducing  more  modern 
ideas,  and  changing  empires  in  its  route.  Before  its  advent  here,  few  thought 
of  the  rich  inheritance  spread  out  so  abundantly  for  all,  and  sought  other  fields. 
They  were  justified  in  this,  as  at  that  day  the  prairies  of  Illinois  afforded  poor 
means  for  the  transportation  of  the  farmer's  products,  and  the  long  distances  he^ 
was  obliged  to  go  prevented  him  from  settling  at  a  time  when  more  favored] 
localities  were  fully  populated.  Before  the  completion  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  all  farm  produce  in  this  part  of  the  State  had  to  be  hauled  to  Chi- 
cago in  wagons,  or,  after  the  canal  was  opened,  transported  by  boat  to  the 
nearest  point  on  that — Joliet,  Morris  or  Ottawa. 

The  first  residents  within  the  boundaries  of  the  township  were  the  Brough- 
tons,  from  whom  the  township  received  its  name,  who  located  here  in  the  earlyi 
part  of  the  Summer  of  1854.     They  came  here  from  Morris,  and  settled  onj 
the  edge  of  the  timber  skirting  the  east  branch  of  Mazon  Creek,  in  the  north- 
east part  of  the  township.      Here  they  found  a  moderate  supply  of  fuel  and 
sufiiciency  of  water  for  all  practical  needs.     Their  market  and  post  office  w£ 
Dwight,  then  a  village  of  one  or  two  dwellings,  a   small  store  or  two,  and 
depot — all  in  their  infancy.      Shortly  after  the  settlement  of  the  Broughtoi 
family,  they  were  joined  by  Philip  Clover  and  John  Conway,  the  latter  afted 
ward  enlisting  in  the  army,  where  he  subsequently  died.     William  Day  was 
another  early  resident,  but  did  not  remain  many  years.  | 

In  1857,  Jonathan  Sarvis  brought  his  family  from  Pennsylvania  and 
located  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  township.  Heretofore,  settlers  had 
located  near  Mazon  Creek,  and  when  Mr.  Sarvis  arrived  in  the  township,  quite 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  459 

a  settlement  liad  been  formed  there.  He  purchased  swamp  land  from  the 
county  at  |2.50  per  acre.  Much  of  this  was  good  farmiifg  land,  and  only 
needed  proper  drainage. 

One  short  road,  simply  a  neighborhood  affair,  had  been  opened  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  township  from  that  settlement  to  Dwight.  It,  like  all  primi- 
tive roads,  went  in  as  direct  a  line  as  the  nature  of  the  country  allowed,  and 
when  the  roads  were  laid  out  on  section  lines,  after  the  township  was  formed,  it 
gave  way  to  its  more  modern  successors.  Between  these  two  parts  of  the 
township,  the  land  was  almost  entirely  unclaimed.  It  was  not,  however, 
allowed  to  remain  this  way  but  a  short  time,  for,  by  the  time  of  the  division  of 
the  county  into  townships,  there  were  enough  inhabitants  in  this  part  of  the 
county  to  be  included  and  formed  into  one  township.  Congressionally,  it  is 
Town  29,  Range  8. 

Before  the  act  of  township  organization  was  adopted,  the  people  in  Broughton 
were  a  part  of  Round  Grove  Precinct,  and  went  there  to  vote.  In  the  matter 
of  politics,  the  inhabitants  are  about  equally  divided — one  side  carries  the  day 
about  as  often  as  the  other.  During  the  war,  it  was  strongly  Republican  in  its 
sentiment,  and  furnished  many  a  gallant  soldier  for  the  defense  of  the  nation. 
Some  of  these  now  sleep  on  Southern  battle  fields,  for  many  of  them  fell 

.     in  the  face  of  a  murderous  fire, 
That  swept  them  down  in  its  terrible  ire, 
And  their  life-blood  went  to  color  the  tide. 

The  township  organization  went  into  effect  in  the  Spring  of  1858.  At 
the  election,  Wm.  Broughton  was  elected  Supervisor,  and  work  on  roads, 
bridges  and  township  improvements  was  at  once  inaugurated.  The  result  was 
the  rule  adopted,  in  all  parts  of  the  county  where  the  surface  of  the  country 
permitted  it,  of  the  laying  out  of  roads  on  the  section  lines,  building  of  good, 
substantial  bridges,  raising  the  grade  of  roads  wherever  needed,  and  in  every 
other  necessary  manner  improving  the  general  thoroughfares. 

The  country  continuing  to  fill  with  settlers,  that  important  factor  in  modern 
civilization,  the  school  house,  next  claimed  attention.  Before  any  organized 
effort  had  been  made,  and  early  in  the  life  of  the  township,  a  small  school 
house  was  erected  in  the  Broughton  neighborhood  by  the  residents  there,  and  a 
school  opened.  In  this  diminutive  house  the  first  election  for  town  officers  was 
held,  when  the  number  of  voters  did  not  greatly  exceed  the  offices  to  be  filled. 

After  the  township  was  formed  and  canal  lands  came  into  market,  settlers 
came  into  the  township  very  rapidly,  and  the  little  school  house  was  found 
entirely  inadequate  for  the  growing  and  increasing  juvenile  population.  The 
next  season  after  the  school  we  have  mentioned  was  taught,  Mr.  Sarvis  em- 
ployed Miss  Cynthia  Purcell,  now  Mrs.  Herte,  to  teach  in  his  house.  This 
school  continued  three  months,  during  which  time  a  few  districts  were  organized 
and  a  small  house,  built  by  Mr.  Clover,  purchased  and  refitted  for  a  school 
house,  and  the  next  Winter  a  public  school  opened  therein.     After  this,  as 


460  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

fast  as  the  country  comprised  in  the  township  settled  up,  other  schools  were 
opened,  as  the  case  seemed  to  require.  Especially  was  this  done  after  the 
organization  of  the  township.  In  a  short  time,  several  districts  were  estab- 
lished, and,  before  the  war  opened,  four  or  five  good  school  houses  were  erected. 
This  number  has  from  time  to  time  been  increased,  until  the  common  quota  of 
nine  districts  is  now  established. 

There  are  two  churches  in  the  township,  the  Congregationalist  and  Catholic. 
These  have  been  erected  within  a  few  years,  and  each  supports  regular  divine 
services.  Prior  to  the  organization  of  these  religious  societies,  meetings  for 
worship  were  held  in  private  houses  and  in  the  school  houses.  The  Baptists 
were  among  the  first  to  possess  the  religious  field  in  Broughton  Township, 
although  they  have  no  organization  in  its  limits.  One  of  their  ministers, 
Mr.  Sarvis  thinks,  preached  the  first  sermon  here.  He  was  quite  prominent 
at  one  time,  and  is  said  to  have  lost  his  life  in  the  late  war.  His  name  could 
not  be  learned.  After  occupying  private  houses  and  the  school  houses  until 
about  1874,  the  Catholics  erected  a  very  neat  frame  church  on  Section  3,  and 
have  maintained  services  therein  since.  They  are  ministered  to  by  Father 
Halpin,  from  Dwight,  and  have  at  present  quite  a  large  congregation,  numbers  of 
the  members  living  in  Round  Grove  and  Dwight  Townships, 

The  Congregationalists  built  their  church  shortly  after  the  erection  of  the 
Catholic  edifice,  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  6.  They  are  numerically 
not  so  strong  as  the  Catholics,  but  own  a  very  neat  chapel,  and  sustain  a  Sun- 
day school  regularly,  and  are  generally  supplied  by  some  of  their  ministers 
living  in  this  part  of  the  county. 

We  have  thus  far  traced  the  history  and  growth  of  Broughton  Township, 
save  giving  the  personal  history  of  many  of  its  citizens.  In  this  narrative  this 
is  needless,  as  it  is  fully  given  in  the  biographical  part  of  the  work,  and  to  this 
the  reader  is  referred.  He  will  find  here  each  one's  story,  as  it  were,  and  each 
one's  trials  and  incidents  in  the  subjugation  of  the  country.  Right  here  we 
think  it  Avorthy  of  remark  that,  were  one-half  the  energy  displayed  by  the  labor 
agitators  in  the  country  and  in  the  overcrowded  cities  by  those  who  continually 
decry  against  capital,  used  in  developing  the  Western  country,  as  the  pioneers  of 
Broughton  developed  its  grand  prairies,  the  cry  of  hard  times  would  soon  cease, 
and  the  question  of  "  Capital  vs.  Labor  "  be  quickly  settled. 

Taking  a  glance  at  the  wealth  of  the  township  as  shown  by  the  Assessor's 
l^ooks — generally  about  one-half  its  real  value — we  see  a  striking  exhibit  of  the 
growth  of  the  township  during  the  twenty  years  of  its  existence. 

For  the  year  1878,  the  Assessor  reported  22,453  acres  of  improved  lands, 
valued  at  $224,530,  If  every  section  of  the  township  is  full,  this  leaves  only 
587  acres  of  unimproved  land,  worth,  at  a  very  low  estimate,  $10  per  acre. 
The  Assessor  returns  800  houses,  valued  at  $25,390  ;  789  head  of  cattle,  valued 
at  $10,598  ;  3,677  hogs,  valued  at  $5,630,  and  about  100  head  of  other  ani- 
mals, worth  $3,000.     He  estimates  there  are  $13,035  acres  of  corn,  1,568  of 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  461 

oats,  1,667  of  meadow,  2,229  of  fenced  pastures.  290  in  orcliards,  and  440  of 
other  field  products.  The  entire  wealth  of  the  township,  if  accurately  footed 
up,  would  undoubtedly  reach  $500,000,  and  it  is  even  doubtful  if  that  sum  will 
cover  it. 

We  have  stated  that  the  township  was  one  of  the  first  created  in  the  county. 
The  first  election  for  officers  was  held  in  the  Spring  of  1858,  at  which  time 
Wm.  Broughton  was  elected  Supervisor.  At  the  last  election,  W.  R.  Marvin 
was  elected  to  that  office  ;  Chester  H.  Gilbert,  Clerk  ;  John  H.  Rogers,  Collector  ; 
A.  Lower,  Road  Commissioner  ;  Wm.  Broughton,  Assessor,  and  Sarvis  and 
Thomas  J.  Johnson,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 


PIKE    TOWNSHIP. 

This  township  is  in  the  original  grant  of  land  given  to  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  and  is  known  as  railroad  land.  The  road  was  completed  through  this 
part  of  the  State  in  1854,  and  until  after  that  date  the  township  remained  unset- 
tled. The  face  of  the  country  is  nearly  level,  broken  slightly  by  a  few  gentle  un- 
dulations. Pike's  Creek,  a  small  branch  of  Rook's  Creek,  traverses  the  township 
from  the  southwest  to  the  northeast ;  and  in  the  southeast  corner,  Crooked 
Creek  finds  its  way  in  the  same  direction.  The  soil  is  exceedingly  rich,  and  of 
great  depth.  Prior  to  the  settlement  of  the  county,  the  face  of  the  township 
was  covered,  in  many  places,  by  large  swamps  or  sloughs,  which,  in  many  cases, 
contained  considerable  water.  These  were  the  favorite  homes  of  the  sand  hill 
crane,  wild  goose  and  wild  ducks ;  while  on  the  prairies  around  them  prairie 
chickens  throve  in  great  plenty  and  in  undisputed  security.  Wild  deer  and 
wolves  were  also  abundant  in  the  first  settlement  of  the  township,  and,  though 
the  former  furnished  venison  to  the  pioneer,  their  destruction  of  the  first  crop 
of  corn  while  young  and  tender,  in  many  cases  fully  equaled  their  value. 

At  the  date  of  the  first  settlement,  1855,  the  surface  of  this  part  of  the 
country  was  in  its  primeval  condition.  "It  was  as  wild  as  wild  prairie,  if  you 
know  what  that  means,"  said  one  of  the  first  settlers.  "  There  wasn't  a  road, 
or  sign  of  one — not  a  trail  or  path;  when  we  wanted  to  go  anywhere,"  says  Mr. 
Alonzo  Huntoon,  "we  went  in  as  straight  a  line  as  we  could,  only  diverging 
from  it  on  account  of  sloughs."  "If  we  could  not  see  our  landmark,"  says 
another  pioneer,  "  we  shaped  our  course  by  the  north  star  at  night,  by  the  sun 
by  day,  or  if  that  was  hidden  by  clouds,  we  watched  the  course  of  the  wind, 
which  very  seldom  failed  to  be  perceptible,  if  ever  so  slight. 

The  first  settlers  here  came  in  the  Summer  of  1855,  and  located  near  the 

timber  skirting  Pike  or  Crooked  Creeks.      Mr.  Alonzo  Huntoon  and  Mr.  

Woodbury  came  about  the  same  time,  that  Summer,  and  settled  on  Section  34. 
They  were  residents  of  Woodford  County  prior  to  their  location  here.  Albert 
Parker,  Messrs.  Bedenger  and  Seawright  were  companion  settlers,  the  first 
named  locating  on  Section  20 ;  the  next  on  Section  32,  and  the  last  on  Section 


462  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

30.  A  Mr.  Richmond  also  settled  on  Section  21.  One  other  person,  whose 
name  is  not  now  remembered,  located  on  Section  16  ;  but  he  simply  purchased 
land,  and  did  not  improve  it  until  a  year  or  two  after.  Mr.  Parker  was  one  of  the 
largest  land  owners  of  that  day,  and  rented  to  many  who  afterward  came  and 
preferred  to  wait  a  year  before  purchasing.  One  of  the  largest  farmers  at  that 
time  was  James  McFadden,  who  raised  a  great  crop  of  wheat  in  1857.  He 
lived  in  Waldo  Township,  where  he  erected  the  first  dwelling.  Though 
a  pioneer  here,  part  of  his  land,  comprising  over  three  hundred  acres,  was  in 
Pike  Township,  and  a  corresponding  part  of  his  labor  was  there. 

The  settlers  mentioned  were  the  major  part,  if  not  all,  who  located  in  Pike 
in  1855.  They  were  the  first  to  reduce  any  part  of  it  to  civilization,  and  ren- 
der it  productive  and  provident.  They  found  it  wild.  No  roads,  no  bridges, 
no  pathways  of  any  kind  greeted  their  advent,  and  no  hand  of  pioneer  was 
extended  to  welcome  them  to  thier  future  homes.  If  they  desired  to  go  to  Pon- 
tiac,  the  county  seat,  or  to  Chenoa,  in  McLean  County,  their  nearest  railroad 
town  and  post  office,  they  went  in  as  direct  a  line  as  the  timber,  streams  or 
sloughs  allowed,  and  returned  by  the  same  route.  These  two  places  were  their 
principal  trading  points,  either  of  which  being  their  post  office ;  and  until  the 
township  was  settled  sufficiently  to  justify  it,  they  went  to  the  county  seat  to 
vote,  being  attached  to  that  precinct. 

The  settlers  of  that  day  came  generally  with  several  ox  or  horse  teams  and 
with  sufficient  farming  utensils  to  subdue  the  native  prairie  and  raise  one  crop. 
Their  breaking  plows  were  large,  strong  affairs  with  a  capacious  mold-board, 
and  required  two  or  three  teams  to  draw  them  through  the  tough  soil.  As  soon 
as  a  field  had  been  turned  in  this  way,  "sod-corn,"  as  it  was  called,  was  grown 
immediately  on  it.  The  corn  was  planted  by  simply  striking  a  sharp  hoe  or 
pick  through  the  sod  ;  the  hills  were  about  three  feet  apart,  and  on  every  third 
furrow  following  it  from  one  end  of  the  field  to  the  other.  The  corn,  after  being 
dropped  to  its  place  in  the  hole  made  through  the  sod,  was  covered  by  simply 
pressing  the  sod  down  with  the  foot,  and  the  operation  was  complete.  The  crop 
was  never  cultivated,  but  allowed  to  grow  as  best  it  could,  and  often  yielded 
abundantly.  For  fuel,  the  settlers  were  dependent  on  the  dead  timber  found 
along  the  streams.  After  coal  became  more  plentiful,  and  money  more  of  a 
common  commodity,  that  was  purchased  at  the  nearest  railroad  station  and 
supplemented  the  wood. 

The  settlers  of  1855  passed  the  Winter  of  1855  and  '56,  without  any  events 
occurring  out  of  the  common  routine  of  Western  pioneer  life,  and  in  the  Spring 
began  operations  for  the  further  cultivation  and  improvement  of  their  farms. 
That  Spring  and  Summer,  the  following  persons  joined  them,  and  opened  farms : 
George  and  Daniel  Okeson,  who  settled  on  Section  9;  James  and  George 
Anderson,  on  Section  7  ;  Hugh  McMullen  on  Section  6  ;  Edward  Daugherty, 
on  Section  30,  and  Edward  M.  Daugherty — the  last  renting  land  of  Mr. 
Parker.  During  the  year,  a  good  crop  was  planted  and  safely  gathered,  and 
but  little  pioneer  hardships  experienced. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  463 

Until  this  date,  no  school  had  been  established  in  Pike  Township,  as  the  num- 
ber of  children  hardly  justified  it,  and  the  distance  they  would  have  been 
compelled  to  go  precluded  their  attendance.  In  the  Autumn  of  1856,  however, 
Districts  1  and  2  were  established  and  a  school  house  built  in  each.  In  District 
No.  1,  the  school  house  was  erected  on  Section  27,  and  in  District  No.  2,  on 
Section  31.  These  houses,  though  repaired  and  altered  to  more  modern  tastes 
and  conveniences,  are  yet  used.  In  1859,  District  No.  3  was  established,  and 
a  school  house  built  on  Section  8.  In  this  house,  like  its  predecessors,  is  yet 
kept  the  district  school,  and  to  it  go  the  sons  and  daughters  of  men  and  women 
who.  in  the  time  of  which  we  write, 

"Daily  thumbed  their  lesson  books, 
And  watched  the  master  in  his  rounds." 

The  three  districts  mentioned  supplied  the  educational  wants  of  the  township 
uutil  1864,  after  which,  from  time  to  time,  others  were  added  until  the  nine  now 
erected  were  ready  for  occupancy. 

The  tide  of  emigration  to  Pike  Township  ceased  almost  entirely  in  1858,  owing 
to  the  advent  of  a  season  of  unexceptionally  hard  times.  The  crop  of  that  season 
was  very  poor,  prices  were  low  and  but  little  incentive  was  offered  to  the  farmer  to 
bring  produce  to  market.  For  these  reasons,  very  few  settlers  located,  and  from 
1858  to  1863,  the  population  remained  almost  the  same.  The  war  broke  out  in 
1861.  By  the  next  year,  prices  of  farm  products  increased  greatly,  and  the  next 
Spring  the  unclaimed  and  railroad  lands  in  the  township  were  rapidly  taken  by 
settlers,  and  before  the  Autumn  of  the  latter  year  a  "score  or  more"  of  farm 
dwellings  were  erected,  and  as  many  new  farms  opened.  Until  this  date,  but 
few  roads  were  laid  out,  the  farmer  generally  going,  as  we  have  described,  by 
the  most  direct  line.  The  opening  of  new  farms,  however,  soon  put  a  stop  to 
this  kind  of  travel,  and  necessitated  a  regular  system  of  public  highways. 
These  are  almost  always  opened  on  the  sectional  lines  running  with  the  cardinal 
points  of  the  compass.  The  highways  of  the  prairies  can  never  be  the  best 
thoroughfares,  owing  to  the  porous,  loamy  soil  from  which  they  are  to  be  made. 
Gravel  does  not  exist,  save  in  few  localities,  generally  near  the  rivers ;  hence  it 
will  be  many  years  before  macadamized  roads  will  be  as  common  over  the  prairies 
of  the  Sucker  State,  as  they  are  in  some  of  her  more  fortunate  neighbors. 
Though  the  State  lacks  in  this  regard,  she  fully  compensates  for  it  in  others. 
No  other  State  raises  such  crops  as  Illinois,  and  no  other  State  promises  so 
much  and  returns  so  much  for  the  labor  expended  as  the  Prairie  State.  It  is  a 
garden  400  miles  long  and  150  miles  broad. 

Religion  and  education  went  hand  in  hand  in  the  settlement  of  the  West. 
No  sooner  had  a  settler  provided  himself  a  home  than  a  school  or  a  church  next 
claimed  his  attention.  Though  they  were  poor,  and  unable  to  build  a  house  of 
worship,  they  freely  gave  their  houses  to  the  assembly  in  which  to  convene  until 
they  could  construct  a  school  house,  which,  in  the  unsettled  condition  of  the 
■country,  provided  ample  room  for  those  who  could  come. 


464  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

In  1863,  Rev.  Clark,  from  Bloomington,  organized  a  United  Presby- 
terian Church  with  nine  members,  of  whom  Mr.  A.  Henry  and  Mr.  John 
Ewing  were  elected  Elders.  This  congregation  occupied  the  school  house,  and 
was  for  a  time  prosperous.  It  had  increased  by  1871  to  forty-five  members, 
and  had  purchased  a  lot  on  which  to  build  a  church,  when  the  greater  number 
removed  to  other  localities,  and  the  organization  was  disbanded.  The  lot  was 
sold  for  a  cemetery,  to  the  township,  and  the  members  who  remained  are  now 
nearly  all  in  other  churches.  Their  last  settled  Pastor,  Rev.  William  Morrow, 
was  with  them  over  four  years. 

The  Methodists  are  generally  the  religious  pioneers  of  the  country.  As  soon 
as  a  settlement  is  made,  some  traveling  preacher,  braving  hunger,  cold  and 
storms  for  his  Master,  places  in  his  saddle  bags  a  feAV  books,  his  Bible,  a 
number  of  tracts,  and  proceeds  on  his  mission.  They  were  the  first  to 
occupy  the  field  m  the  southwestern  part  of  the  county,  and  for  more  than  a 
dozen  years  had  an  organization  in  Rook's  Creek  Township.  To  this  place, 
those  adhering  to  this  religious  body  and  living  in  Pike  Township  went  to 
attend  divine  service.  The  meetings  were  held  in  a  school  house.  The  member- 
ship gained  strength  in  Pike  Township,  and  as  the  result  of  a  revival  in  the  Fall 
of  1877,  it  was  decided  to  build  a  church.  This  was  accomplished,  and  now  the 
congregation  occupies  a  neat,  small  frame  edifice,  completed  in  February,  1878. 
There  are  now  about  fifty  members,  and  preaching  is  regularly  held.  The 
Pastor  is  Rev.  J.  L.  Ferris. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  at  Chenoa  maintains  a  place  of  worship  in  a  school 
house  in  the  southern  part  of  the  township.  They  and  the  Mennonites — Ger- 
mans— occupy  the  same  house,  one  holding  services  in  the  forenoon,  the  other 
in  the  afternoon. 

These  religious  bodies  are  all  now  holding  divine  services  in  Pike  Township. 

The  farmers  maintain  a  grange,  which,  though  inactive  at  present,  holds 
its  organization. 

One  thing  more  remains  to  be  mentioned  before  closing  this  history  of  Pike 
Township — its  political  organization.  The  vote  for  township  organization  was 
held  November  3,  1857,  The  next  Spring,  the  election  was  held  in  each  one, 
and  the  organization  was  perfected.  The  Congressional  number  is  Township 
27  north,  Range  4  east. 


WALDO  TOWNSHIP. 

In  the  Spring  of  1857,  Mr.  James  McFadden  came  into  the  present  limits 
of  Waldo  ToAvnship,  and  purchased  from  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Com- 
pany a  large  tract  of  land,  part  of  which  lay  in  the  adjoining  township,  east. 
He  erected  a  capacious  frame  house  on  his  farm,  and  for  some  time  was  the  only 
farmer  in  the  township.  His  house  is  yet  standing  and  occupied.  The  entire 
surface  of  the  township  was  unbroken  prairie,  undisturbed  by  the  path  of  civil- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  466 

ized  life  or  the  tread  of  industry.     These  prairies,  level  a?  a  floor,  remind  us  of 
the  vivid  description  of  the  late  Bryant,  as  they 

Stretch  in  airy  undulations  far  away, 
As  if  the  ocean,  in  his  gentlest  swell, 
Stood  still,  with  all  his  rounded  billows  tixed 
And  motionless,  forever. 

Mr.  McFadden  was  not  allowed  to  pass  the  Winter  as  the  only  resident  of 
the  township.  He  had  raised  an  immense  crop  of  wheat,  and  by  his  success 
had  induced  others  to  come  to  this,  then  uninhabited,  part  of  Livingston 
County.  The  Summer  before,  Mr.  Henry  Broad,  still  a  resident,  had  been  over 
this  part  of  the  county  looking  for  a  farm.  He  had  come  from  the  East  not 
long  before,  in  obedience  to  an  able  editor's  advice,  and  resolved  to  find  a  home 
on  the  broad  Illinois  prairies.  At  first  he  located  near  Pontiac,  where  he  pur- 
chased a  farm.  Taken  sick,  he  became  somewhat  discouraged,  and  sold  his 
purchase,  with  a  view  of  returning  to  the  East.  When  he  recovered,  he  changed 
his  mind  and  concluded  to  purchase  again,  Avith  the  result  mentioned — the 
home  he  now  owns. 

That  same  year,  1857,  Richard  Breeser  located  on  Section  18,  and  James 
Sample  on  Section  22.  Mr.  McFadden  had  located  on  Section  12,  owning 
that  and  parts  of  several  adjacent  sections.  Other  settlers  of  this  season  were 
James  King,  Isaac  Burkholder,  Parker  Jewett  and  J.  C.  Hawthorne.  Nearly 
all  these  purchased  land  from  the  railroad  company,  whose  grant  included  the 
western  tier  of  townships  in  Livingston  County.  The  price  at  this  date  was 
generally  $14  per  acre,  although  in  after  years  it  was  reduced  to  $6  and  $7  per 
acre. 

Mr.  Broad,  who  was  among  the  settlers  of  that  season,  says  their  difficulties 
and  privations  were  sometimes  quite  severe.  The  corn  was  a  poor  crop,  and, 
to  make  the  matter  still  worse,  prices  were  very  low.  No  roads  were  laid  out,, 
and  when  any  of  them  wished  to  go  to  Pontiac  or  to  Chenoa,  they  struck  across 
the  prairie  in  a  direct  line,  only  diverging  from  it  on  account  of  sloughs,  creeks 
or  timber.  There  were  many  large  sloughs  in  the  township  at  that  time,  several 
of  which  have  since  been  drained,  and  are  now  under  cultivation.  In  the  Win- 
ter, these  sloughs  would  freeze  over,  and,  when  sufficiently  firm,  could  be  crossed 
by  a  team  and  w^agon.  When  this  was  not  the  case,  and  the  ice  rather  thin, 
the  common  mode  of  crossing  them  was  for  the  individual  to  get  down  on  hand;^ 
and  feet,  spread  himself  as  much  as  possible,  and  "  wobble  "  across  in  this  style. 
To  one  unaccustomed  to  this,  the  situation  was  not  very  agreeable,  and,  if  the 
ice  was  thin  enough  to  be  continually  cracking  and  bending  beneath  him,  the 
sensations  were  not  at  all  assuring.  The  object  in  crossing  in  this  manner 
was  to  spread  the  weight  as  much  as  possible,  and  the  longer  the  man  the  more 
it  was  "spread."  In  crossing  the  prairies  without  roads,  and  no  houses  in 
sight,  it  was  not  an  uncommon  thing  for  the  traveler  to  get  lost.  When  the 
grass  was  high,  the  settlers  would  often  drag  a  harrow  behind  their  wagon. 


466  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

which  SO  thoroiigly  trailed  down  the  grass  that  a  plain  track  was  made,  which 
remained  several  days.  Any  one  who  has.  at  any  time  in  his  life,  been  lost,  knows 
full  well  the  tendency  to  travel  in  a  circle.  This  may  be  explained  by  the  fact 
that,  when  such  an  accident  occurs,  a  man  will  almost  invariably  travel  in  an 
excited,  hurried  manner.  The  right  foot  takes  longer  strides,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, than  the  left,  and  hence  the  tendency  to  circle.  "  This,"  says  an 
earlv  resident,  "is  the  true  theory,  and  I  know,  from  my  own  experience  and 
that  of  my  neighbors,  that  it  cannot  be  accounted  for  in  any  other  way." 

The  item  of  fuel  was  a  very  important  one  at  that  date.  But  few  settlers 
were  able  to  purchase  coal,  and  generally  went  to  the  timber  skirting  the 
streams  to  the  east  and  obtained  dry,  dead  wood,  which  answered  the  purpose, 
though  not  of  the  best  quality.  After  they  were  able  to  buy  coal,  they  made 
many  difficult,  if  not  dangerous,  journeys  for  it.  Referring  to  such  a  trip,  an 
■early  settler  says : 

•'Three  of  us  started  early  one  morning,  shaping  our  course  by  the  North 
Star,  for  Reading,  to  obtain  for  each  a  load  of  coal.  We  did  not  have  much 
trouble  in  getting  there ;  but  coming  home  we  did.  Night  came  on  us  while 
two  of  us  were  stuck  in  a  little  creek  we  had  attempted  to  cross.  After  consid- 
erable delay,  we  got  out  and  started  again,  when  one  of  our  horses  fell  down  as 
though  dead.  Here  we  were,  no  house  in  sight,  a  dead  horse,  no  feed,  nothing 
to  eat,  and  no  place  to  sleep.  After  debating  a  while,  we  concluded  to  start  in 
different  directions,  hallooing  to  each  other  so  as  not  to  get  lost.  We  tied  our 
horses  to  the  wagons  and  started.  Before  long,  one  of  us  came  to  a  small  cabin 
near  a  piece  of  timber,  the  inmates  of  which  were  soon  aroused.  After  getting 
the  rest  of  us  there,  and  explaining  to  the  owner — who  hardly  knew  what  to 
make  of  us — he  took  us  in,  gave  us  some  bran  bread — the  best  he  had — and 
allowed  us  to  sleep  on  his  cabin  floor.  In  the  morning,  we  were  again  fed  on 
bran  bread — an  excellent  food  for  a  hungry  man — and  sent  on  our  way,  if 
not  rejoicing,  glad  to  get  what  we  had.  We  had  no  trouble  in  finding  our 
teams  just  where  we  left  them,  and,  what  was  better,  the  supposed  dead  horse 
alive  and  well,  and  after  allowing  them  to  graze  a  while,  proceeded."  The 
party  experienced  but  little  difficulty  in  getting  home,  where  one  of  them  hid 
his  coal  under  a  hay  stack,  as  he  said  it  had  a  tendency  to  mysteriously  disappear, 
and  he  did  not  care  to  repeat  his  journey  for  more. 

During  the  first  years  of  the  township's  settlement,  deer,  prairie  wolves, 
feand  hill  cranes,  wild  geese,  ducks  and  prairie  chickens  were  as  abundant  as  the 
flowers  in  Mav.  The  deer  were  rather  shy  and  could  not  always  be  had  "  for 
the  asking."  They  did  much  damage  to  the  young  corn  by  coming  into  the 
fields  at  night  and  trampling  ,and  eating  the  tender  sprouts.  Wolves  were 
destructive  to  barnyard  fowls ;  the  sand-hill  cranes  scratched  up  and  ate  the 
corn,  when  freshly  planted ;  while  the  other  mentioned  prairie  inhabitants  con- 
tributed, in  their  way,  to  render  the  life  of  the  pioneer  hard.  He  would,  how- 
ever, retaliate  on  them,  and  wacred  a  ceaseless  warfare  among  them,  which  has 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  467 

had  about  the  same  effect  as  upon  their  former  masters,  the  Indians,  and,  in 
time,  will  undoubtedly  exterminate  them. 

In  1858,  the  settlers  we  have  mentioned  were  joined  bv  Nathan  Hunting 
and  a  Mr.  Cole,  who  lost  his  life  in  the  late  war.  Leonard  Smith  and  G.  W. 
Stoker  also  located  that  season.  John  Broad.  Sr.,  and  John  Broad.  Jr.,  came 
about  the  same  time,  though  the  latter  did  not  open  a  farm  until  the  next  year. 

It  was  in  May  of  this  year,  as  near  as  any  now  remember,  that  a  storm  of 
unusual  violence  passed  over  Waldo  and  Pike  Townships.  The  wind  was  furi- 
ous, tearing  down  and  carrying  away  fences  about  the  houses,  out  buildings, 
stables  and,  in  one  or  two  instances,  overturning  houses. 

Many  exaggerated  stories  went  the  rounds  of  the  country,  concerning  this 
storm,  and  many  hair-breadth  escapes  are  chronicled,  which,  however,  when 
<-losely  hunted  down  for  their  truth,  almost  always  were  experienced  by  some 
one  who  has  moved  away. 

The  hard  times  of  1858  and  1859  retarded  immigration  somewhat  to  this 
part  of  the  county,  but  only  for  a  short  time.  The  richness  of  the  soil  was  a 
strong  attraction,  and  by  1859  and  '60,  settlers  came  in  rapidly,  and  in  a  short 
time  Waldo  Township  had  a  sufficient  population  to  admit  of  being  formed 
into  a  separate  township,  and  in  1861  the  present  organization  was  perfected. 

Before  this  time,  the  territory  was  attached  to  Nebraska  Precinct  for  judi- 
cial purposes,  and  to  that  township  the  people  went  to  vote. 

In  the  Winter  of  1857-8,  there  were  only  four  children  in  the  township. 
No  attempts  to  establish  a  school  were,  made  until  1859,  when  a  school  was 
taught  that  Winter,  by  a  Miss  Elizabeth  Jewett,  daughter  of  one  of  the  first 
settlers. 

From  a  report  made  by  Mr.  David  Sharp,  Treasurer  of  the  township,  dated 
September  19,  1860,  we  learn  that  there  was  one  school  in  the  township  ;  that 
it  was  taught  by  a  '-female  teacher,"  who  received  3-0  per  month  for  four 
months ;  that  she  had  attending  her  school  eleven  boys  and  eight  girls ;  that 
at  that  time  there  were  in  the  township  ninety-two  children  under  21  years 
of  age,  and  that  there  were  fifty-five  between  the  ages  of  5  and  21  years — 
showing  a  rapid  influx  of  settlers. 

The  report  states  that  but  one  district  then  existed,  though  further  along  it 
records  the  building  of  a  new  frame  school  house,  at  an  expense  of  3^76.72. 
The  report  states  that  a  surplus  existed  in  the  Treasurer's  hands,  at  that  date, 
amounting  to  ^217.95 ;  that  he  received  ft-om  the  State  ^162.70,  and  raised 
$844.44,  by  district  tax,  for  school  purposes. 

The  report  was  made  to  Mr.  Isaac  T.  Whittemore,  School  Commissioner, 
and  is  a  correct  exhibit  of  the  school  for  that  date. 

The  next  Winter,  two  schools  were  opened  ;  and  in  1863-4,  two  others  were 
added.  This  number  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  the  present  num- 
ber, nine,  the  usual  number  kept  in  any  township,  was  reached.  The  schools 
are  well  maintained,  and  are  supported  from  six  to  seven  months  in  the  year. 


468  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

About  1860,  the  German  Mennonites  began  to  come  into  the  township,  and,, 
liking  the  country,  prevailed  on  more  of  their  countrymen  to  locate  with  them. 
They  are  an  industrious,  frugal  class  of  people,  fond  of  their  church  and  cus- 
toms, and  cling  to  them  with  wonderful  tenacity.  As  the  result  of  their  coming, 
they  have  purchased  almost  all  the  land  in  Waldo  Township,  are  about  four- 
fifths  of  the  population,  and  have  established  two  prosperous  churches.  They 
were  the  first  to  build  a  church  in  the  township,  and  are  the  only  religious 
society  therein.  Their  first  church  Avas  organized  very  soon  after  coming,  and 
for  a  time,  meetings  for  divine  service  were  held  in  the  nearest  school  house. 
They  are  locally  termed  the  "  Omish  churches,"  as  they  profess  to  be  followers 
of  Omah,  a  noted  preacher  in  their  country,  who  made  many  converts  from  the 
original  Mennonite  body.  At  their  organization,  John  P.  Schmidt,  Joseph, 
Joab  and  John  Rediger  were  chosen  and  acted  as  leaders.  The  principal  mem- 
bers were  John  and  Christian  Ehresman,  Christian,  John  and  Joab  King,  David 
Sharp  and  Joseph  Gering.  A  short  time  after  the  organization  was  effected,  a 
comfortable  church  was  erected.  A  division  occurred  about  1872,  in  the  church, 
resulting  in  the  formation  of  a  second  congregation,  who  now  occupy  a  house  of 
worship  of  their  own.  These  people  are  exceedingly  simple  in  their  habits  and 
dress,  will  not  sue  or  be  sued,  leave  all  difficulties  to  be  adjusted  by  the  church, 
adopt  the  Bible  as  their  only  rule  of  law  or  doctrine,  and  seldom,  if  ever,  con- 
tract any  debts  or  vote  or  hold  any  office.  They  own  some  fine  farms,  and  seem 
to  improve  them  on  the  principle  that  a  ''  good  barn  will  pay  for  a  good  house, 
but  a  good  house  will  not  pay  for  a  good  barn." 

On  the  formation  of  the  township  in  1861,  it  was  detached  from  Nebraska 
Township,  and  includes  all  of  Congressional  Township  27  north.  Range  3  east, 
and  has  since  been  a  separate  organization. 

Scattering  Point  Creek  is  the  onl^  stream  of  water  in  the  township.  It  rises 
near  the  center,  flows  northward  through  Nebraska,  Rook's  Creek  and  Amity 
townships  to  the  Vermilion.  Owing  to  the  small  supply  of  running  water, 
the  farmers  devote  their  attention  more  to  raising  grain  than  any  other  branch 
of  that  business.  In  this  they  are  quite  successful,  as  their  well  cultivated 
farms  will  testify. 

NEBRASKA  TOWNSHIP. 

The  western  part  of  Livingston  County  remained  unsettled  more  than 
twenty  years  after  the  settlements  along  the  Vermilion  River.  The  land  was 
in  the  grant  given  to  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  was  completed  and  in 
operation  to  the  Illinois  River  by  1854.  After  that  date,  land  comprised  in 
this  grant  came  into  market. 

Mr.   Isaac   Sheets,   a  native   of  Ohio,     and   an   early  settler   in  Woodford 
County,  came  to  the  present  limits  of  Nebraska   Township  in   the   Summer  of 
1855,  and  located  on  Section  35.      Here  he  broke  prairie,  planted  a  crop  and 
built  a  house.     This  was  the  first  habitation  in  what  is  now  Nebraska  Township, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  469 

and  for  about  a  year  Mr.  Sheets  and  his  family  lived  alone.  Before  his  settle- 
ment, however,  explorers  and  others  had  been  over  the  land,  and  marked  the 
rich  prairies,  with  their  gently  undulating  surfaces,  as  an  inviting  place  for  a 
future  home.  It  was  then  just  as  natui-e  had  formed  it,  unbroken  by  the  signs 
of  civilized  life,  unmarked  by  the  hand  of  the  white  man.  The  tall  prairie 
grass  waving  before  the  wind  afforded  excellent  hiding  places  for  the  wild  prairie 
chicken,  wild  duck,  sand  hill  cranes,  or  their  enemy  the  wary  prairie  wolf. 
Here  and  there  a  large  slough  appeared,  full  of  tall  grasses  and  rank  weeds,  on 
which  the  crane  or  wild  goose  reared  their  offspring  in  sure  security.  Not  a 
road  broke  the  monotony  of  the  scenery  ;  not  a  house  or  sign  of  white  man 
could  be  seen  ;  and  during  the  Summer  of  1855,  Mr.  Sheets  had  an  undisputed 
view  over  what  is  now  Nebraska  Township,  and  over  a  region  now  covered 
with  prosperous,  highly  cultivated  farms  and  tasteful  residences. 

The  opening  of  the  next  season  brought  several  settlers,  many  of  whom  had 
been  over  the  country  before  and  partially  selected  their  claims.  The  land- 
each  alternate  section— belonged  to  the  railroad,  and  from  that  corporation 
the  majority  purchased  their  lands. 

The  settlers  of  that  season  were,  D.  Graft,  Adley  Brock,  Wm.  Norris,  H. 
Van  Doren  and  Moses  Hapwood.  All  of  these  brought  families,  and  all  entered 
lands.  As  soon  as  possible,  each  one  erected  a  house  and  began  improvements, 
and  before  long  the  life  of  the  settlement  was  in  full  activity. 

In  the  Summer  of  1856,  the  settlement  was  constituted  a  voting  precinct, 
and  at  the  Fall  election,  which  placed  James  Buchanan  in  the  Presidential 
chair,  the  few  voters  assembled  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Van  Doren  and  cast  their 
votes.  The  precinct  then  included  all  of  what  is  now  Waldo  Township,  and 
remained  in  that  form  until  after  the  division  of  the  county  into  townships,  in 
1857,  and  until  that  township  had  enough  voters  in  its  limits  to  justify  a  town- 
ship organization. 

The  settlers  enumerated  are  believed  to  be  all  who  made  a  permanent  resi- 
dence in  Nebraska  Township,  in  1856.  As  yet  no  school  or  church  was 
established,  and  what  few  there  were,  assembled  in  the  houses  of  those  nearest 
the  center,  and  held  divine  services  there. 

The  opening  of  the  next  season  brought  the  families  of  Mr.  John  Hoover, 
Levi  James,  M.  Q.  Bullard,  Mr.  Doolittle,  and  a  few  others,  to  the  little  scat- 
tered settlement.  These  built  homes,  opened  farms,  and  in  some  instances 
raised  crops.  The  plows  were  the  large  breaking  plow,  with  the  huge  mold-board, 
and  required  two  or  three  yokes  of  oxen  or  teams  of  horses  to  pull  them  through 
the  new,  tough  prairie  sod.  Sod  corn  was  the  common  crop  the  first  year,  or 
where  the  settler  was  sufficiently  prepared,  a  crop  of  wheat  was  grown.  At 
that  date,  and  even  until  after  the  commencement  of  the  war,  prices  for  farm 
products  were  exceedingly  low,  corn  bringing  often  but  10  to  20  cents  per 
bushel.  Wheat  brought  but  little  more  than  double  that  price :  potatoes  and 
other  root  crops  did  not  pay  for  their  cultivation,  while  fruit  was  not  yet  to  be  had. 


470  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  government  lands  in  the  townships  had  generally  been  bought  up  by 
speculators,  who  held  them  at  higher  figures  and  on  closer  terms  than  the  first 
settlers  were  able  to  pay.  The  common  price  of  the  railroad  lands  at  first 
ranged  from  $10  to  |20  per  acre,  according  to  location.  In  this  township,  the 
settlers  paid  from  $15  to  $20  per  acre.  They  were  required  to  pay  two  years' 
interest  at  the  rate  of  6  per  cent,  in  advance.  This  secured  them  the  land,  the 
remaining  payments  to  be  made  each  year,  in  small  amounts,  the  railroad  com- 
pany basing  their  calculations  on  the  average  cost  of  living  and  the  average 
receipts  for  produce.  The  poor  prices  realized,  however,  did  not  enable  many 
of  the  settlers  to  meet  the  payments  when  due.  They  could  not  make,  owing 
to  the  low  prices  for  everything,  near  what  they  expected.  The  railroad  com- 
pany did  not  want  them  to  leave,  as  its  prosperity  depended  on  that  of  the 
people  along  its  route,  and  reasoning  that  the  prices  of  labor  and  its  products 
were  so  low  and  no  prospect  for  improvement,  especially  if  the  settlers  were 
obliged  to  leave,  in  many  cases  took  the  land  for  the  improvements  made,  and 
then  immediately  resold  it  to  the  original  settlers  for  $6  and  $7  per  acre,  in 
cash.  This  second  sale  in  many  cases  occurred  just  prior  to  the  war,  when  a 
great  amount  of  corn  existed  in  the  country,  and  from  which  the  settlers  after- 
ward derived  large  sums  of  money,  enabling  ihem  to  materially  better  their 
condition.  Where  a  purchaser  could  not  pay  all  in  cash,  he  was  allowed  a  reason- 
able time,  and  by  such  a  policy,  many  a  home  was  saved  which  in  after  years, 
with  its  associates,  aiforded  immense  revenues  to  the  company. 

The  settlers  of  1855-59  experienced  about  the  same  trials,  required  the 
same  perseverance,  and  lived  in  the  same  manner.  Each  one  went  upon  new, 
raw  land,  as  it  was  termed,  and  each  one  was  compelled  to  reduce  it  to  a  state 
of  cultivation.  Among  those  coming  in  1857  may  be  justly  mentioned  :  C. 
Bruce,  E.  F.  John,  Peter  E.  and  Patrick  Flanagan  and  S.  Williams.  In  1858, 
Stephen  M.  Pillsbury  and  his  family  came  from  Bureau  County,  where  they 
had  been  residing  for  two  years,  and  purchased  the  farm  Mr.  Pillsbury  yet  owns. 
His  sons  have  all  become  prominent  men,  one  of  whom,  N.  J.  Pillsbury,  is  now 
Judge  of  the  Appellate  Court.  He  has  been  a  prominent  lawyer  for  several 
years,  and  has  held  several  offices  of  trust.  One  other  son  is  now  a  merchant 
in  the  county  seat,  while  the  two  others,  one  a  lawyer  and  one  a  physician,  reside 
in  Iowa.  Samuel  Wilcox,  another  prominent  citizen  of  this  township,  came 
from  Bureau   County,  which,  indeed,  furnished  many  settlers  about  that  time. 

When  a  school  was  established  in  the  neighborhood,  it  very  naturally  took 

the  name  it  now  bears,  "•  Bureau  School."     In  the  Fall  of  1856,  the  first  school 

in  the  township  was  established,  a  house  built,  and  here  J.  A.  Dakin,  a  Bureau 

County  man,  taught 

"  The  young  idea  how  to  shoot  " 

for  the  space  of  three  months.  This  school  could  supply  the  demand  but  a  short 
time,  owing  to  the  rapid  influx  of  settlers,  and  in  1858,  four  additional  districts 
were   created,  and  the  Winter  of  1 858-59  saw  five  good  schools  in  operation. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  471 

The  next  year,  in  Nebraska  Township,  was  conducted  the  second  teachers'  insti- 
tute held  in  Livingston  County.  The  first  had  been  held  at  the  county  seat  in 
1859,  but  as  Nebraska  Township  contained  more  teachers  than  any  six  miles 
square  in  the  county,  and  more  persons  interested  and  working  in  the  cause  of 
education,  prominent  among  whom  were  the  Pillsbury  family,  it  was  decided 
that  the  next  annual  institute  should  he  held  there. 

The  five  schools  in  operation  in  1860  soon  proved  insufficient,  and  as  the 
population  increased  and  occupied  the  township,  other  schools  were  established, 
until  now  there  are  nine  in  successful  operation. 

About  1859,  German  Lutherans  came  into  the  western  side  of  the  township 
and  established  an  excellent  private  school  near  their  present  church,  which 
they  have  always  maintained,  affording  a  course  of  higher  education  and  instruc- 
tion in  their  own  language.  In  this  building  they  met  for  religious  services 
until  the  completion  of  their  church,  opened  in  1866.  This  school  is  well  pat- 
ronized and  has  steadily  kept  to  its  purpose,  holding  open  nearly  nine  months 
in  the  year.  The  Lutherans  are  quite  in  the  majority  here,  and  possess  several 
fine  farms.  Like  their  neighbors  in  the  adjoining  townships,  the  German  Men- 
nonites,  they  are  a  frugal,  industrious  class  of  people  and  adhere  tenaciously  to 
their  individuality. 

In  addition  to  the  German  Lutheran,  four  other  churches  are  maintained  in^ 
the  township,  viz.,  the  Baptist,  Congregationalist,  Methodist  and  Catholic^ 
The  first  two  are  the  oldest.  The  Baptist  Church  was  organized  early  in  the 
life  of  the  township,  and  for  several  years  held  meetings,  alternating  with  the 
Congregationalists,  in  the  old  Nebraska  school  house.  In  1870  or  1871,  they 
erected  a  church  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  7,  which  they  yet  occupy. 
The  Congregationalist  Church  was  organized  about  1859  or  1860,  and  for  some 
time  services  were  held  in  the  Nebraska  school  house.  In  1875,  they  built 
their  present  house  of  worship  on  Section  11,  and  now  have  a  prosperous  con- 
gregation. The  Union  Methodist  Church  was  organized  about  1869,  and,  like 
the  others,  until  it  was  able  to  build,  used  a  school  house  in  which  to  hold  meet- 
ings. This  they  did  until  1873,  when  they  purchased  a  large  school  house, 
remodeled  it,  and  moved  it  to  its  present  location  on  Section  20.  It  is  owned 
and  controlled  rather  by  a  union  than  by  any  denomination,  although  the 
Methodists  occupy  it  more  than  others,  owing  to  their  excess  in  numbers,  and 
were  among  the  principal  movers  in  the  undertaking.  The  Flannegan  brothers, 
mentioned  as  among  the  early  residents,  were  the  principal  supporters  of  the 
Catholic  Church.  It  has  been  organized  some  time,  and  erected,  in  1875,  a 
very  neat  frame  church  on  Section  36.  The  congregation  is  now  prosperous, 
and  supports  regular  services. 

Two  post  offices  are  established  in  the  township — one  on  Section  10,  in  a 
store  kept  by  Seymour  Thomas.  At  this  place  another  store  is  also  kept  by 
Mr.  Patten.  The  "corners"  are  generally  known  as  Zookville,  from  Mr.  B. 
Zook,  who  opened  the  first  store  here  in  1872.     About  three  years  after,  he 


472  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

sold  to  the  present  owner.  Another  store  was  started  in  1876,  by  John 
McCarty,  Avho  soon  after  sold  to  Mr.  Patton.  the  present  owner.  A  blacksmith 
shop  always  appears  with  every  "corners,"  and  Zookville  was  not  long  until 

Week  in,  week  out,  from  morn  till  night 
You  could  hear  his  bellows  blow, 

and  from  that  time,  we  believe,  the  words  of  the  poet  have  been  verified. 

The  other  post  office  referred  to  is  on  Section  19,  at  the  "corners,"  where 
the  Lutheran  school  house  and  church  stand.  As  a  wind-mill  had  been 
built  here  about  the  first  of  any  building,  the  "corners"  took  the  suggestive 
name  of  Windtown,  which  appellation,  like  many  another  Western  name,  clings 
tenaciously,  and  probably  always  will,  to  the  embryo  village.  A  store  was 
built  here  in  1872,  by  Herman  Schmidt,  who  sold  in  1875,  to  John  Linnemann. 
the  present  proprietor.  The  post  office  is  kept  in  this  store,  and  is  very  conven- 
ient to  the  surrounding  neighborhood.  This  place,  like  Zookville  and  all  small 
villages,  has  its  blacksmith  shop  and  sinewy  blacksmith,  who  made  his  appearance 
with  the  start  of  Windtown,  and  since  then  you  can 

Hear  him  swing  his  heavy  sledge, 
With  measured  beat  and  slow. 

The  Lutheran  school,  the  common  school  of  this  district,  the  store,  the 
blacksmith  shop  and  a  few  dwellings  comprise  the  "corners"  at  Windtown. 

To  supply  the  deficiency  of  water-mills  in  the  township,  and  make  the  item 
of  millino;  moi'e  convenient,  about  1869  a  wind-mill  was  built  on  the  farm  of 
Geo.  Sauer.  It  remained  in  running  order  and  Avas  a  "thing"  of  great  con- 
venience to  the  residents  of  this  locality,  until  its  removal  in  1872,  to  Gridley. 
McLean  County.  The  latter  town  and  Minonk,  in  Woodford  County,  are  the 
principal  trading  points  for  the  people  of  Nebraska  Township,  owing  to  the 
distance  from  Pontiac. 

The  township  possesses  some  of  the  finest  farming  lands  in  the  county. 
The  surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  the  soil  exceedingly  productive,  and  is  well 
adapted  to  the  raising  of  corn,  of  which  cereal  immense  crops  are  grown. 

The  eastern  portion  of  the  township  is  crossed  by  Scattering  Point  Creek 
a  small  tributary  of  Vermilion  River,  which  rises  about  the  center  of  Waldo 
Township,  and  is  the  only  stream  of  water  in  either  that  or  Nebraska  Town- 
ships. Good  water  is  easily  obtained  in  wells  at  a  depth  of  from  twenty  to 
thirty  feet.  Wind  pumps  are  coming  into  general  use,  and  furnish  a  never 
failing  supply  of  clear,  cold  water. 

The  vote  for  township  organization  was  cast  Nov,  3,  1857.  At  this  election 
738  votes  were  cast  in  favor  of  such  a  division,  and  forty  votes  against  it.  This 
decided  the  matter,  and  John  Darnall,  Robert  Thompson  and  Absalom  Hallam 
were  appointed  commissioners  to  divide  the  county  into  townships.  This  was 
accomplished  by  the  1st  of  January  after,  and  on  the  25th  of  that  month,  the 
committee  having  invited  the  inhabitants  of  each  of  the  divisions  to  meet  and 
name  their  townships,  which  we  find  from  the  records  they  cheerfully  did,  on 


% 


SAUNEMINTR 


;j»^i  ■  ' 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  475 

Feb.  13th  made  its  report  and  was  discharged.  Owing  to  the  sparse  population 
in  some  parts  of  the  county,  the  township  organization  then  in  some  cases 
included  what  is  now  several  townships.  This  was  the  case  in  Nebraska, 
which  included,  until  about  1861,  all  of  Waldo.  At  the  first  election  in 
Nebraska,  as  well  as  in  all  other  townships,  a  full  set  of  officers  were  chosen, 
and  from  that  time  Congressional  District  Township  28  north,  Range  3  east, 
has  maintained  an  uninterrupted  existence. 

The  farmers  are  in  nearly  all  cases  in  good  circumstances,  owners  of  their 
lands  and  depend  more  on  the  culture  of  the  cereals  than  the  raising  of  stock, 
the  absence  of  running  water  making  this  the  more  profitable  mode  of  farming. 


SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 

This  is  one  of  the  newly  settled  towns  of  Livingston  County.  Settlements 
were  made  in  Belle  Prairie,  Indian  Grove,  Pontiac,  Avoca,  and  other  points 
along  the  Vermilion  River,  more  than  twenty  years  before  the  prairies  and 
marshes  of  Sullivan  Township  were  sought  by  the  white  man,  or  disturbed  other 
than  by  the  Indian  and  the  wild  beasts  of  the  plains.  These  vast  prairies, 
stretching  away  beyond  the  reach  of  human  eye,  presented  to  the  early  settler 
all  the  monotony  with  much  of  the  dreariness  of  the  African  desert.  And 
thus  almost  a  generation  had  passed  since  the  first  settlements  in  the  timber, 
before  the  most  courageous  ventured  out  on  to  the  prairie. 

Alexander  Harbison  pre-empted  a  quarter  section  of  land  here  in  1855,  the 
first  claim  made  in  the  township.  J.  G.  Chesebrough  came  with  him  to  look  at 
the  land,  and  pre-empted  a  like  tract,  adjoining  Harbison's.  These  gentlemen 
were  from  New  York.  Harbison  first  hauled  a  load  of  lumber  to  his  claim,  then 
brought  his  wife,  and  the  first  night  slept  under  a  shelter  made  of  the  lumber. 
The  next  night  they  improvised  a  kind  of  tent,  and  the  next,  which  was  the 
third  night  after  he  brought  his  wife  to  the  place,  they  slept  in  their  cabin, 
which  was  a  small  structure  twelve  feet  square  and  one  story  high.  This  was 
the  first  permanent  settlement  in  this  township,  and  here  Mr.  Harbison  remained 
for  ten  years,  when  he  removed  to  Five-Mile  Grove  in  Saunemin  Township,  and 
in  January,  1866,  removed  to  the  village  of  Fairbury,  where  he  still  resides. 
Z.  B.  and  J.  G.  Chesebrough  settled  in  Sullivan  in  1855,  soon  after  Harbison". 
The  Chesebroughs,  as  already  stated,  were  from  New  York,  and  came  West  the 
year  previous  to  their  settlement  in  this  town,  but  had  stopped  in  Ohio,  where 
they  remained  until  they  came  here.  Z.  B.  Chesebrough,  the  eldest,  pre-empted 
land  adjoining  that  of  J.  G.  Chesebrough,  and  they  built  a  house  in  partnership 
on  the  quarter  section  line,  so  as  to  have  one-half  of  the  house  on  each  man's 
land,  in  order  to  hold  the  pre-emption  right  to  both  claims.  The  elder  Chese- 
brough made  this  his  permanent  home,  where  he  died  in  1861.  The  other,  a 
young  man  at  the  time,  after  some  years  married  and  removed  into  Saunemin 
Township.  James  Maddin  came  from  Wheeling,  Va.,  and  settled  first  in  Lacon, 


476  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

then  called  Columbia,  Marshall  County,  in  1834.  Peoria  was  then  called  Fort 
Clark,  and  five  miles  above  was  a  place  called  "  Little  Detroit."  He  remained 
there  until  1852,  when  he  came  to  Sullivan  and  settled  in  the  southeast  part  of 
the  town,  where  he  still  lives.  He  is  in  that  portion  which,  as  a  Congressional 
township,  would  be  in  Charlotte,' but  owing  to  the  Vermilion  River,  which  runs 
through  the  latter,  a  part  of  it  is  attached  to  Sullivan,  as  a  political  and  school 
town.  R.  F.  Griffing  came  from  Peoria  to  Sullivan  in  1858,  where  he  settled 
and  where  he  still  lives,  one  of  the  prominent  citizens  of  the  town. 

Rev.  Felix  Thornton  came  from  Tennessee,  near  the  old  home  of  General 
Jackson.  Although  he  came  from  the  "Land  of  Dixie,"  he  was  a  most  invet- 
erate Republican.  When  the  war  of  the  rebellion  came  on,  he  sent  his  two 
sons  and  his  son-in-law  into  the  Union  Army,  and  told  them  that  if  more 
soldiers  were  needed,  that  "he  and  the  old  'oman  would  come  next."  Hej 
removed  from  his  native  place,  in  Tennessee,  to  Virginia,  and  from  the  01( 
Dominion  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Sullivan  Township,  in  1856.  He  pr( 
empted  his  land  the  year  before,  and  after  settling,  remained  on  it  but  about 
eighteen  months,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Five-Mile  Grove,  in  Sau-j 
nemin  Township.  Being  of  a  migratory,  or  roving  disposition,  he  finally  sole 
out  there  and  removed  to  Iowa,  where  he  still  lives.  He  was  bought  out,  ii 
Sullivan  Township,  in  1858,  by  R.  F.  Griffing,  who  came  here  from  Peoria^ 
as  already  noticed.  Oscar  Adams  came  to  Sullivan  with  Rev.  Mr.  Thornton^ 
He  was  his  son-in-law,  and  pre-empted  a  claim  and  built  a  house  on  it,  bu^ 
did  not  live  long  to  enjoy  it.  He  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-: 
ninth  Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  and  died  at  Crab  Orchard^ 
Kentucky. 

This  includes  the  settlements  made  up  to  the  period  when  people  began  t<> 
settle  on  what  was  termed  the  "  Swamp  Lands."  From  1858  to  1860,  the  fol- 
lowing new  comers  entered  land  in  the  Swamp  District,  as  the  surrounding 
section  was  called,  and^which  comprised  much  of  as  fine  land  as  any  portion  of 
the  county  :  David  Longmire,  Joseph  Royle,  Jacob  Lighty.  Abraham  Harsh- 
barger,  Samuel  Graybill,  Joseph  Small,  Daniel  Rowan,  Hunter  Randall,  Fred- 
erick Hack,  Lawrence  Haag,  John  Heckelman,  Samuel  Harshbarger,  George 
Rosenbower,  James  Sage  and  David  Taylor.  These  settlers  came  in  and 
entered  lands  and  proceeded  to  make  improvements,  and  the  township  settled 
rapidly  from  this  time  forward.  Abraham  Gibson  came  from  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
in  1859.  He  lived  for  a  time  in  Pontiac,  until  he  got  his  buildings  completed, 
when  he  settled  permanently  in  this  township. 

The  names  already  given  and  the  settlements  described  were  the  first,  a« 
before  stated,  and  after  the  date  to  which  these  extend,  there  came  such  an 
influx  of  immigrants  that  dates  become  confused,  and  their  settlements  too 
modern  to  entitle  them  to  mention  on  the  score  of  antiquity,  and  we  pass  with- 
out further  mention  of  them  to  other  incidents  connected  with  the  township's 
history. 


HISTORY  OF  LTA^INGSTON  COUNTY.  477 

Sullivan,  being  a  newly  settled  township,  has  no  church  buildings  within  its 
geographical  limits :  but  it  is  not  to  be  inferred  that  the  people  are  heathen  or 
infidels.  They  are  neither,  but  a  moral  and  religious  community,  who  support 
the  Gospel  as  liberally  as  do  those  who  worship  in  gilded  temples.  They  use 
their  school  buildings  for  houses  of  worship  as  well  as  for  temples  of  learning ; 
and  before  they  possessed  these  convenient  edifices,  the  settler's  cabin  was 
improvised  into  a  sanctuary  of  worship.  Rev.  Felix  Thornton,  mentioned  as  an 
early  settler,  preached  the  first  sermon  in  the  township,  soon  after  his  settle- 
ment. He  was  a  Methodist  minister,  and  preached  his  first  sermon  in  Sulli- 
van Township  in  Mr.  Harbison's  cabin.  Harbison,  in  the  meantime,  had  tiuilt 
an  addition  to  his  original  edifice,  and  had  now  what  was  considered  in  those 
days  quite  a  commodious  residence.  The  first  school  was  likewise  taught  in 
Harbison's  house,  about  the  years  1857-8,  by  Miss  Eliza  Rowan.  Mr.  Harbison 
was  the  first  School  Treasurer  of  the  township,  and  was  elected  the  same  year 
this  school  was  taught.  S.  B.  Chesebrough,  Jacob  Lighty  and  Samuel  Graybill 
were  the  first  Directors;  and  Joseph  Royle,  David  Longmire  and  David  Taylor 
were  the  first  Board  of  School  Trustees  for  the  township.  For  some  time  after 
the  first  organization  of  schools,  those  of  Sullivan  and  Saunemin  were  together ;  but 
about  1858-9,  they  were  separated,  and  each  town  conducted  its  own  schools  ac- 
cording to  its  own  notions  of  educational  advancement.  The  school  fund  was  small, 
and  after  the  division  of  the  two  townships,  Sullivan  had  but  two  school  districts,  in 
each  of  Avhich  a  school  was  supported  for  the  usual  period  each  year.  Harbison  says 
that,  at  this  early  date,  the  funds  in  his  hands  belonging  to  the  toAvnship  were  not 
large  enough  for  his  per  cent,  on  them  to  pay  his  taxes,  which  usually  amounted  to 
about  six  or  eight  dollars.  From  the  last  annual  report  of  the  School  Treasurer,  to 
the  County  Superintendent  of  Schools,  we  extract  the  following  information  : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years 286 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21  years 235 

Total 521 

Number  of  males  in  township  between  6  and  21  years 164 

Number  of  females  in  township  between  6  and  21  years 151 

Total 815 

Number  of  males- in  township  attending  school 106 

Number  of  females  in  township  attending  school 109 

Total 2l5 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed 3 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 10 

Total "23 

Amount  paid  male  teachers |865  76 

Amount  paid  female  teachers 1,538  99 

Total .$2,404  75 

Estimated  value  of  school  property %^  4;>4  qq 

Amount  of  tax  levy  for  support  of  schools 1  927  qq 

Principal  of  township  fund 7  852  29 

School  districts 9 

Schools  in  township 9 


-478  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

There  are  at  present  nine  districts  in  the  township,  in  all  of  which  are  good, 
substantial  school  houses.  Schools  are  maintained  in  each  district  for  the  usual 
period,  good,  competent  teachers  are  employed,  and  the  schools  are  of  a  charac- 
ter of  which  the  people  of  the  township  may  well  be  proud. 

The  first  marriage  in  Sullivan  Township  was  that  of  Dr.  Perry,  of  Pontiac, 
and  Miss  Emily  Gibson,  and  took  place  in  1858.  The  solemnization  rite  was 
performed  by  Rev.  Felix  Thornton,  before  alluded  to  as  the  first  minister  in  the 
township.  The  first  child  born  was  Willie  L.  Chesebrough,  who  was  born  on 
the  25th  dav  of  November,  1856.  The  first  death  that  occurred  in  the  town- 
ship was  Mrs.  Abraham  Harshbarger,  who  died  in  1859.  Several  other  deaths 
followed  soon  after  that  of  Mrs.  Harshbarger,  but  she  is  generally  supposed  to 
have  been  the  first  that  died  in  what  now  comprises  Sullivan  Township. 

The  first  blacksmith  was  Anson  Ackley,  who  opened  a  shop  at  his  place  in 
1870,  and  did  blacksmithing  for  the  whole  neighborhood. 

A  post  office  was  established  in  the  same  year,  and  also  a  store,  both  of 
which  were  the  first  of  their  kind  in  the  township.  The  store  was  kept  by 
Edward  Ward,  who  was  likewise  Postmaster.  The  post  office  is  called  Sullivan 
Center,  after  the  hamlet  in  which  it  is  located,  that  is  of  the  same  name.  The 
little  village  at  present  contains  two  stores,  kept  by  Abel  M.  Morrill  and  Edwin 
B.  Morrill,  cousins  ;  one  blacksmith  shop,  kept  by  Frank  Carry ;  one  wagon 
shop,  bv  J.  J.  Brown,  and  a  shoe  shop,  by  M.  Davis  :  and  had  one  physician — 
Z.  L.  Kay.  The  place  has  never  been  incorporated,  nor  has  it  yet  risen  to  the 
dignity  of  a  village. 

The  cemetery  is  a  pretty  little  burying  ground,  and  was  laid  out  by  Nelson 
Buck  in  1863,  and  is  kept  in  good  order.  Mrs.  Griffing,  wife  of  R.  F.  GriflSng, 
was  the  first  person  buried  in  it.  She  was  taken  up  from  the  farm  where 
she  had  been  originally  interred,  and  removed  to  this  new  burying  place,  when 
it  was  found  that  it  was  all  that  four  stout  men  could  do  to  carry  the  coffin,  a 
fact  that  gave  rise  to  the  supposition  that  the  remains  had  become  petrified. 
Her  husband  and  friends,  however,  would  not  consent  to  have  the  coffin  opened 
and  examined. 

The  Masonic  Lodge  at  the  hamlet  is  called  Sullivan  Center  Lodge,  No.  738, 
and  was  organized  under  dispensation  October  23,  1875.  It  was  chartered  in 
October,  1876,  bj  M.  W.  Geo.  E.  Lounsbury,  then  Grand  Master  of  Masons 
in  Illinois,  and  the  charter  is  signed  by  John  F.  Burrill,  Grand  Secretary. 
The  first  ofiBcers  were  W.  W.  Porter,  Master  ;  Sam'l  McGoodwin,  Senior  Warden  ; 
Thomas  W.  Chandler,  Junior  Warden,  and  R.  F.  Griffing,  Secretary.  The 
present  oflficers  are  W.  W.  Porter,  W.  Master  ;  Thomas  W.  Chandler,  Senior 
Warden ;  Abel  M.  Morrill,  Junior  Warden ;  R.  F.  Griffing,  Secretary,  and  the 
books  bear  the  names  of  twenty-two  members. 

Sullivan  was  formerly  a  part  of  Saunemin  Township,  but,  on  petition,  was 
set  off"  about  1860.  At  a  date  still  earlier,  Pleasant  Ridge  and  Charlotte  were 
included  in  these  as  an  election  precinct,  and  also  for  a  year  or  two  after  town- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY,  479 

ship  organization,  when  the  latter  two  were  struck  off,  and  then,  as  noted  above, 
Sullivan  was  separated  from  Saunemin.  Sullivan  is  now  known  as  Township 
28  north.  Range  8  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian,  and  is  situated  in  the 
eastern  tier  of  townships,  with  Ford  County  on  the  east,  Charlotte  Township 
on  the  south.  Saunemin  on  the  west  and  Broughton  on  the  north.  The  first 
year  after  Sullivan  was  separated  from  Saunemin,  Alexander  Harbison  was 
elected  Supervisor  unanimously,  there  not  being  a  Democratic  vote  polled. 
Jacob  Lighty  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  David  Taylor  Town  Clerk, 
at  this,  the  first  election.  Harbison  was  School  Treasurer  in  addition  to  being 
Supervisor.  The  present  township  officers  are  as  follows,  viz.  :  J.  J.  Shearer. 
Supervisor:  James  Maddin  and  R.  C.  Griswold.  Justices  of  the  Peace;  Martin 
Detweiler,  Assessor;  Andi-ew  Hoag.  Collector;  A.  M.  Morrill,  Town  Clerk. 

The  township  has  always  been  Republican  in  politics  ever  since  its  organ- 
ization, and  did  its  duty  nobly  during  the  late  war  in  furnishing  soldiers  to  the 
full  extent  of  its  ability,  which  was,  to  send  nearly  every  man  subject  to  mili- 
tary duty.  David  Harbison  was  the  first  man  in  the  township  to  volunteer. 
He  was  a  brother  of  Alexander  Harbison,  noticed  in  another  place  as  the  first 
settler  in  the  town,  and  -'stood  not  upon  the  order  of  going,  but  went "'  without 
delay. 

When  Sullivan  was  struck  off  from  Saunemin,  it  was  necessary  for  it  to 
have  a  name.  After  some  discussion  of  the  matter,  it  was  a^^reed  to  call  it  after 
Mr.  Sullivant,  an  extensive  farmer  of  Ford  County,  and  who  owns  several  sec- 
tions of  land  in  this  township.  As  will  be  seen,  the  t  has  been  dropped  in  the 
name  of  the  township,  which  is  the  termination  of  Sullivant's.  That  of  the 
township,  however,  was  intended  originally  for  the  same,  notwithstanding  the 
present  difference  in  the  spelling  of  them. 

As  noted  in  the  beginning  of  this  chapter,  Sullivan  Township  is  prairie  land 
entirely,  with  no  timber  but  such  as  has  been  planted  since  the  settling  up  of 
the  country.  With  the  adoption  of  all  the  modern  improvements  in  drainage, 
these  prairies  are  now  ranked  among  the  finest  farming  land  in  this  section  of 
the  county. 

DWIGHT   TOWXSHIP. 

There  is  nothing  more  astonishing  to  the  professional  traveler,  or  even  tu 
the  staid  "old  fogv"  New  Englander  who  has  never  been  bevond  the  shadow 
of  his  own  sterile  hills,  than  the  startling  rapidity  with  Avhich  the  Great  West 
has  been  developed  and  settled.  As  if  by  magic,  towns,  cities  and  villages 
have  sprung  up  from  the  rank  prairie  grass  and  unfolded  in  grandeur  and  mag- 
nificence. Yesterday,  where  the  tall  grass  waved  in  the  wind  and  myriad  wild 
flowers  bloomed,  and  spent 

•  Their  sweetness  on  the  desert  air ;  ' 

to-morrow,  as  it  were,  finds  a  citv  or  village  laid  out,  and  buildinors  goinf  up  at 
a  rate  to  startle  anybody  but  a  wide-awake  Westerner  who  has  been  born  and 


480  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  ^H 

bred  to  this  spirit  of  enterprise,  and  views  it  as  a  matter  of  course.  A  con- 
versation overheard  on  the  train,  a  day  or  two  ago,  between  a  couple  of  old  gen- 
tlemen awakened  this  train  of  thought  and  called  up  these  reflections.  One 
of  them  was  from  Western  New  York  and  the  other  was  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts but  both  now  lived  in  Illinois.  Said  one,  "  It  is  the  most  astonishing 
thing  in  the  world,  this  amazing  growth  and  development  of  the  Western 
country."  "Yes,"  said  the  other,  "down  East,  where  I  came  from,  there  is 
the  old  road  along  which  we  went  to  school,  and  the  rock  where  we  kicked  ofT  a 
toe  nail ;  the  chestnut  stump  that  stood  by  the  side  of  the  road,  etc.  In  ten  years 
we  find  them  just  as  they  were  in  our  school  days.  There  is  the  rock  where  we 
stubbed  our  toe,  and  the  old  chestnut  stump  by  the  roadside ;  nothing  is 
changed.  But  here  in  the  West,  what  changes  take  place  in  that  period  !  Let 
us  be  absent  from  our  neighborhood  for  ten  years,  and  when  we  return  we  find 
nothint^  familiar;  everything — almost  the  face  of  nature  itself — has  changed." 
Thus  it  is,  that  where,  a  few  years  ago,  was  a  wilderness,  unbroken  and  undis- 
turbed save  by  wild  beasts,  to-day  are  the  most  flourishing  farms,  villages,  towns 
and  cities.  Little  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  the  township  of 
Dwight  was  a  wild  prairie,  untrodden  by  the  foot  of  the  white  man,  and,  as  we 
have  been  informed,  without  a  single  stick  of  timber  of  any  kind — not  even 
so  much  as  a  hazel  or  willow  shrub.  Now,  beautiful  trees  and  artificial  groves 
abound  in  all  parts  of  it,  the  result  of  the  planting  and  cultivation  of  timber. 
Cottonwood,  maple  and  elm  seem  to  be  the  favorite  varieties  in  this  section,  and 
grow  and  flourish  in  a  very  satisfactory  manner. 

Like  all  the  prairie  land,  this  township  was  not  settled  for  more  than 
twenty  years  after  settlements  had  been  made  in  the  groves  of  timber  and  along 
the  water  courses  of  the  county.  John  Conant  came  from  Rochester,  Ohio,  in 
1854,  and  settled  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  8,  which  is  conceded  to  be 
the  first  permanent  settlement  in  Dwight  Township,  outside  of  the  village  of 
the  same  name.  He  put  up  a  frame  building,  which  is  still  standing  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation,  though  its  builder  has  "mingled  with  the  clods  of  the 
valley."  He  died  a  few  years  ago,  at  an  advanced  age;  but  his  widow  is  still 
living,  and  occupies  the  old  homestead.  Mr.  Conant  was  the  first  Postmaster 
at  Dwight,  and  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  after  township  organization.  The 
next  year.  Nelson  Cornell  came  to  the  neighborhood  and  put  up  a  house  on  Sec- 
tion 5,  which  he  still  owns  and  occupies.  Thomas  Little  settled  near  Cornell 
soon  after.  He  sold  out.  ten  or  twelve  years  ago,  and  removed  to  Wilmington, 
where  at  present  he  resides. 

James  Mclldufi",  in  1854,  bought  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  18,  on 
which  he  had  some  ten  acres  broken  very  soon  after  his  purchase.  This,  it  is 
claimed,  was  the  first  "breaking  of  prairie"  in  Dwight  Township.  He  was  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania,  and  came  to  his  farm  the  next  year  after  this  plowing, 
and  settled  permanently.  He  occupied  his  farm  for  a  number  of  years,  then 
removed  to  the  village,  where  he  served  as  Postmaster  during  the  Presidential 


HISTORY  OP  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  481 

term  of  Andrew  Johnson.     He  still  lives  in  the  village  of  Dwight,  and  is  at 
present  serving  his  second  term  as  Police  Magistrate. 

In  1855,  James  C.  Spencer,  of  New  York,  began  improvements  on  his 
farm  adjoining  the  present  village  of  Dwight.  He  was  born  on  the  Hudson 
River,  below  the  cit}'  of  Albany,  and  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Hon.  Ambrose 
Spencer,  once  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  and,  through  his  mother,  of  George 
Clinton,  first  Governor  of  New  York  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  of  De  Witt  Clinton,  also  Governor  of  New  York  and  the  projector  of  the 
Erie  Canal.  He  owned  about  1,200  acres  of  land  here  in  a  body,  and  came  to 
the  place  as  an  engineer  of  the  railroad  company.  Mr.  West,  mentioned  in 
tliis  chapter  as  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Dwight,  broke  the  first  prairie,  on 
Spencer's  farm.  It  was  on  this  farm  that  the  Prince  of  Wales  made  his  head- 
quarters for  a  few  days,  in  1860,  as  noticed  further  on  in  these  pages.  Mr. 
Spencer  at  present  lives  in  Milwaukee,  and  is  Vice  President  of  the  Davenport 
k  Northwestern  Railroad  of  Iowa,  and  Consulting  Engineer  of  the  Pittsburgh, 
Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad. 

Henry  A.  Gardner,  then  a  resident  of  Joliet,  who  owned  1,000  acres  of 
land  east  of  the  village,  commenced  improvements  on  it  this  year.  He  was 
originally  from  Massachusetts,  and  he  and  Spencer  and  R.  P.  Morgan,  the 
latter  more  particularly  mentioned  in  the  histoiy  of  the  village,  were  civil 
engineers  in  the  employ  of  the  ''Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad  Company,"  as 
the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Road  was  then  called.  Mr.  Gardner  was 
employed  as  rodman  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad  in  1836,  under  Morgan, 
and  soon  advanced  to  Junior  Assistant.  He  was  engaged,  at  different  periods, 
as  a  civil  engineer  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Harlem  Railroad  and 
the  Mohawk  &  Hudson  River  Railroad.  In  1845,  he  came  West  and  accepted 
a  position  on  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  and  in  1853  was  employed,  as 
above  stated,  in  constructing  the  Chicasro,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  from 
Joliet  to  Bloomington.  He  located  his  lands  near  the  present  village  of  Dwight, 
when  making  the  railroad  survey,  and  also  settled  his  family  here.  After 
spending  some  time  on  his  farm,  he  was  called  to  a  position  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  July  26,  1875,  he  was  Chief  Engi- 
neer of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  The  following  statement,  made  a  short 
time  before  he  died,  shows  his  excellent  business  qualities :  "I  never  had  a  bill, 
approved  by  me,  returned  for  correction  or  explanation  during  my  professional 
life."  He  has  left  behind  him  a  family  of  able  representatives,  of  whom  the 
eldest  son,  Richard  Gardner,  occupies  the  original  homestead. 

Another  of  the  early  settlers  and  substantial  men  of  the  neighborhood  was 
Benjamin  Chester.  He  settled  here  in  1860,  and  was  originally  from  Connect- 
icut, and  sprung  from  a  good  old  Revolutionary  stock.  He  died  in  1868,  and 
his  son,  Wm.  P.  Chester,  who  appeared  fully  capable  of  the  management  of 
their  large  farm,  followed  his  father  to  the  land  of  rest  in  October,  1869,  leaving 
a  sister.  Miss  Hannah  Chester,  the  only  surviving  member  of  this  excellent  family. 


\ 


482  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 


1 


C.  Roadnight,  from  the  "chalky  cliiFs  "  of  Old  England,  settled  just  north 
of  the  village  in  1857.  A  man  of  extensive  means  and  of  fine  education,  he 
soon  obtained  the  pseudonym  of  "  Sir  Charles,"  a  name  that  ever  after  clung 
to  him  among  the  democratic  citizens  of  this  "  blarsted  country."  He  under- 
took to  farm  on  the  English  style,  but  it  did  not  result  very  successfully.  In 
this  country,  and  particularly  in  the  great  West,  where  there  are  men  who  own 
farms  nearly  as  large  as  the  British  Empire,  and  on  which  there  is  annually 
wasted  as  much,  perhaps,  as  is  made  on  the  largest  English  farms  in  a  single 
year,  there  is  little  attention  paid  to  scientific  farming,  and,  indeed,  in  the 
great  every-day  rush,  it  seems  that  the  farmers  actually  have  no  time  to  devote 
to  the  science  of  the  business.  Mr,  Roadnight  was,  for  a  number  of  years. 
General  Freight  Agent  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  a  position 
he  filled  with  entire  satisfaction. 

This  includes  a  number  of  the  early  settlers  of  the  township  outside  of  the 
village  of  Dwight.  From  this  period  forward,  the  influx  of  immigrants  was 
too  rapid  to  further  admit  of  individual  notice  in  the  history  of  the  town,  but 
there  are  those  whose  histories  are  identified  with  the  village,  and  in  that  con- 
nection will  receive  proper  mention.  The  country  around  the  little  village 
rapidly  filled  up,  and  the  new  railroad,  when  completed,  was  an  inducement,  to 
people  in  search  of  homes,  to  bring  them  to  this  section,  and  soon  not  a  "forty" 
nor  "eighty"  was  left  untenanted. 

Like   all  portions  of  a  new  country,  the  main  historical  importance  centers 
in  the  cities  or  more  important  villages.     It  is  so  in  Dwight  Township,  and  very 
few  items  of  interest,  beyond  the  mere  fact  of  settlement,  have  occurred  outside  of 
the  village  limits.     There  are,  however,  one  or  two  instances  that  belong  in 
the  township  history,  and  will  be  given  in  their  proper  order. 

One  of  the  most  important,  and,  perhaps,  deserving  of  precedence,  even 
among  our  republican  people,  who  have  little  veneration  for  royalty,  but  a  good 
deal  of  curiosity  perhaps,  was  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  to  this  country, 
in  1860.  All  who  read  the  public  journals  of  the  day  are  familiar  with  the 
main  features  of  his  tour  of  the  United  States,  and  it  is  only  necessary  to  state 
here,  that  the  Prince,  en  route  from  Chicago  to  St.  Louis,  stopped  here  for  a  few 
days'  shooting.  From  a  work  entitled  "  Past,  Present  and  Future  of  Dwight," 
written  by  F.  B.  Hargreaves,  Esq.,  and  published  by  The  Dwight  Star,  we 
extract  an  account  of  the  royal  visit.  Speaking  of  the  events  of  the  year  1860, 
the  author  says  :  "  This  year  was  remarkable  for  nothing,  as  far  as  we  can 
learn,  except  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales.  The  theory  of  the  divine  right 
of  kings  has  long  since  been  exploded,  and  is  now  thrown  aside  by  all  intelli- 
gent people.  Yet,  if  the  theory  has  gone,  one  of  the  practices  which  it  involved 
remains.  There  seems  to  be  a  natural  craving  in  the  minds  of  many  to  see  a 
royal  personage,  even  if  it  be  only  a  second  cousin.  The  strangest  part  of  it 
is,  that  such  a  desire  should  be  manifested  in  our  own  country,  the  acknowledged 
land  of  independence  and  the  home  of  republican  thought  and  feeling.     It  is. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  483 

true,  however,  that  our  countrymen,  and  women  especially,  have  a  great  reverence 
for  foreign  nobility,  and  the  visit  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  and  later  of  the  Duke 
Alexis,  confirms  the  statement.  That  this  state  of  things  exists  is  not  surprising. 
but  it  is  sad.  It  would  seem  that  if  a  tribute  of  praise  or  meed  of  honor  is  due 
to  any  man,  it  is  to  him  who  has  wn'ought  noble  deeds  for  his  country  ;  it  is 
to  that  man  who,  lajing  aside  all  selfish  ambition  and  worldly  fame,  devotes 
his  faculties,  his  energies,  his  life  to  the  welfare  of  our   common   humanity. 

"  During  his  progress  through  our  country,  the  Prince  of  Wales  met  with 
an  enthusiastic  reception.  His  visit  to  this  neighborhood  was  expected,  and  the 
residence  of  James  C.  Spencer  was  prepared  for  his  visit.  The  household  fur- 
niture was  taken  away,  and  special  furniture,  sent  ahead  by  the  Prince's  party^ 
supplied  its  place.  A  crowd  of  citizens  gathered  on  the  edge  of  the  railroad 
opposite  Mr.  Spencer's  residence  and  waited  for  the  Prince's  arrival.  It  is 
mournful  to  be  compelled  to  state  that  no  triumphal  arch  had  been  reared ;  no 
town  band  was  there  with  pleasant  music,  no  leading  citizen  to  present  an 
address  of  welcome  to  the   youthful    scion   of   royalty.      *  *  * 

About  27  minutes  after  6  P.  M.,  on  September  22,  1860,  the  Prince  of  Wales 
arrived  at  this  town.  He  was  at  once  escorted  to  the  residence  of  Mr.  Spencer, 
where  he  remained  during  his  stay  here.  He  came  to  this  neighborhood  for  the 
purpose  of  shooting,  and  had  not  been  many  minutes  at  the  farm  before  he 
called  loudly  for  his  gun,  and  announced  his  intention  of  having  some  sport 
that  evening.  He  only  shot  one  bird,  a  little  'screech  owl,'  and  that  was 
enough  for  the  time  being.  The  next  day  was  Sunday,  when  the  Prince  and 
his  suite  attended  divine  service  at  the  Presbyterian  Church.  The  sermon  was 
preached  by  the  Rev.  P.  D.  Young.  The  Prince  was  much  pleased  with  the 
service,  and,  in  consequence,  made  a  donation  to  the  church.  The  next  day, 
the  party,  numbering  some  twelve  or  fourteen  gentlemen,  commenced  shooting  in 
downright  earnest.  One  day  they  shot  from  the  train,  and  had  such  success  that 
over  two  hundred  quails  and  chickens  were  bagged.  The  Prince  was  then  19  years 
old,  and  had  a  good  appearance.  He  was  looking  remarkably  well,  and  enjoyed 
excellent  health.  His  spirits  were  always  good  and  his  manner  uniformly 
genial.  He  was  very  much  pleased  with  our  country,  and  expressed  himself 
eminently  satisfied  with  his  visit  to  Dwight.  His  stay  was  short ;  he  came  on 
Saturday  and  went  away  on  Wednesday.  "  The  last  day  he  was  here,  he 
planted  an  elm  tree  on  Mr.  Spencer's  farm,  and  it;  has  now  grown  to  large  pro- 
poitions.  Those  who  are  curious  about  such  matters  can  walk  up  to  the  resi- 
dence of  Mr.  P.  E.  Miller  and  see  that  elm  tree  for  themselves.  It  will  no 
doubt  be  gratifying  to  look  upon  a  tree  planted  by  royal  hands.     Mr.  Miller  was 

I  living  on  the  farm  at  the  time  of  the  Prince's  visit,  and  has  communicated  many 

I  items  of  information  to  us. 

j         "  The  first   night,  one  of  the  principal  attendants  on  his  Royal  Highness 

]  made  an  unpleasant  and  uncalled-for  remark  to  Mr.  Miller.     That  gentleman 


484  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

turned  round  quickly  and  said,  "  If  you'll  just  mind  your  business,  I'll  mind 
mine.'  It  is  also  related  how  Mr.  Roadnight  drove  up  one  day  in  rattling  style, 
and,  sitting  in  his  vehicle,  called,  '  Ho,  there  !  '  No  reply  was  vouchsafed  to 
the  challenge ;  and  when  it  had  been  unsuccessfuly  repeated,  the  irate  English- 
man put  his  whip  to  his  horses  and  told  the  Prince  .to  '  go  '  somewhere,  but 
history  does  not  state  positively  the  place.  Mr.  Miller  says  the  party  behaved 
themselves  with  great  decorum  during  their  stay,  and  as  the  town  is  also  reported 
to  have  done  the  same,  we  may  safely  congratulate  ourselves  on  having  enter- 
tained the  heir  to  the  throne  of  England,  with  satisfaction  and  credit." 

As  to  the  tree  planted  by  his  Royal  Highness,  and  referred  to  in  the  fore- 
going extract,  we  had  the  curiosity  natural  to  a  "Brother  Jonathan."  and  paid 
the  tree  a  visit.  So  impressed  did  we  become  with  its  royal  greatness,  that  we 
mechanically  lifted  our  "tile"  and  bowed  low  to  its  waving  branches,  while 
with  awe  we  plucked  a  leaf  which  we  bore  away  as  a  relic.  Spencer's  place, 
where  the  Prince  was  entertained,  is,  or  was,  known  as  "Renfrew  Lodge," 
and  is  half  a  mile  north  of  the  village.  It  is  occupied  at  the  present  time  by 
Leander  Morgan,  whose  beautiful  daughter  pointed  out  to  us  the  memorable  tree. 

Some  notice  of  a  murder  that  occurred  but  a  few  miles  from  the  village  of 
Dwight,  and  is  part  of  the  history  of  this  township,  may  be  given  in  this  con- 
nection. A  Prussian  nobleman,  by  name  Alvin  V.  Panwitz,  had  settled  a  few 
miles  from  the  village,  where  he  was  murdered  on  the  23d  day  of  January,  1872, 
by  his  German  serving  man,  Frederick  Schafer.  Panwitz  was  a  man  who  drank 
to  excess,  and  on  the  day  of  his  murder  had  drawn  some  money  remitted  to  him 
from  the  old  country,  and  as  usual  got  drunk.  Late  in  the  evening,  he  and  his 
man,  together  with  Conrad  Reinmiller,  started  for  home  in  his  sleigh,  but  owing 
to  the  violent  quarreling  of  Panwitz  and  Schafer,  Reinmiller  left  the  sleigh. 
After  they  had  arrived  at  home,  it  seems  their  quarrel  was  renewed,  and  while 
Panwitz  was  lying  on  his  bed,  Schafer  struck  him  with  a  "  monkey  wrench  " 
several  blows,  which  ultimately  resulted  in  death.  His  victim  was  buried  in  a  com- 
post heap  near  the  stable,  and  for  three  days  Schafer  hauled  corn  to  Nevada,  when, 
having  aroused  suspicion  against  him,  he  dressed  himself  in  his  late  master's 
clothes  (whom  he  strongly  resembled,  it  is  said),  gathered  up  all  the  valuables 
he  could  get  his  hands  on,  and  started  with  the  team  for  Chicago.  Detectives 
there  were  notified,  and  soon  discovered  him  in  a  stable  trying  to  dispose  of  the 
horses  for  a  small  amount.  He  was  at  once  brought  back  to  the  village  of 
Dwight,  and  after  a  preliminary  hearing  sent  to  Pontiac,  where,  in  due  time,  he 
was  tried  and  sentenced  to  eighteen  years  in  the  Joliet  prison.  He  is  still  im- 
mured within  its  gloomy  walls,  paying  the  penalty  of  his  crime. 

In  Dwight  Township,  as  in  all  prairie  country,  the  people  were  often  exposed 
to  the  terror  and  danger  of  prairie  fires  ;  many  lost  property,  and  came  near 
losing  their  lives.  Referring  again  to  the  history  of  Mr.  Hargreaves,  already 
quoted  from,  it  says  of  these  terrible  fires :  "  Nelson  Cornell  was  out  hunting 
one  dav  on   the  east  side  of  the  town,  and   when  returning  saw  an  immense 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  -485 

prairie  fire  approaching.  In  order  to  save  his  life,  he  burnt  the  grass  in  the 
place  where  he  was,  and  stood  on  the  hot  ground  while  the  larger  fire  swept  by 
him,  nearly  suffocating  him  with  smoke  and  ashes."  Thus  the  early  settlers  of 
the  prairies  were  often  in  danger  of  losing,  not  only  their  property,  but  their 
lives. 

When  the  county  was  divided  into  election  precincts,  before  township  organ- 
ization, Robert  Thompson,  living  then  in  what  is  now  Nevada  Township,  was  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  in  this  ''  Election  Precinct,"  and  was  the  first  to  exercise 
the  functions  of  that  office  here.  John  Conant  was  the  first  Justice  after  town- 
ship organization.  The  first  Constables  were  B.  Losee  and  W.  H.  Ketchum  ; 
the  latter  was  also  Collector,  and  Isaac  G.  Mott  was  the  first  Supervisor.  The 
present  township  officers  are :  Hugh  Thompson,  Supervisor ;  John  Thompson 
and  W.  H.  Ketchum,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  Joseph  Ford,  Assessor ;  Joshua 
Sibley,  Collector ;  C.  M.  Baker,  Town  Clerk,  and  Francis  Carey,  School 
Treasurer. 

The  first  birth  in  the  township  was  a  child  of  Thos.  Wilson,  the  Railroad 
Agent,  about  1854,  and  died  in  about  six  months,  which  was  also  the  first  death  in 
the  town.  It  was  buried  in  a  private  cemetery,  before  one  was  laid  off  for  the  vil- 
lage. The  second  death  was  the  wife  of  Alexander  Gourley.  She  was  taken 
sick  and  died  at  Mr.  West's,  in  1855.  She  was  buried  in  the  Dutch  Settlement, 
and  an  infant  left  by  her  at  her  death  is  now  a  young  woman  She  has  already 
been  married  twice,  and  in  her  marriage  relations  has  received  nothing  but  the 
worst  of  treatment.  The  good  lady  who  informed  us  of  the  fact  stated  that  her 
life  had  been  a  sad  one  from  infancy,'and  her  married  life,  instead  of  bettering 
her  condition,  had  brought  her  nothing  but  misery  and  cruelty,  and  that  all  the 
sorrows  of  her  life  would  fill  a  volume.  The  first  marriage  of  which  we  have 
any  account,  is  Elon  G.  Ragan  and  Maria  West,  who  were  married  February 
19.  1856. 

Politically,  Dwight  Township  is  Republican,  and  taken  together  with  the 
village  of  Dwight,  they  give  from  150  to  200  Republican  majority,  but  for- 
merly, before  the  demoralization  caused  by  the  Greenbackers  and  Independents, 
250  majority  was  about  the  average  of  the  Republican  strength.  The  war 
record  of  the  town  will  be  given  in  the  history  of  the  village,  wiiere,  as  already 
stated,  most  of  the  history  of  the  township  centers.  As  it  was  in  the  villac^e 
that  the  first  settlement  in  the  town  was  made ;  the  first  church  was  also  built 
there,  and  there  the  first  school  was  taught.  The  name  of  Dwight  was  taken 
from  the  village  of  that  name,  which  was  laid  out  and  named  before  township 
organization. 


THE    VILLAGE    OF    DWIGHT. 


Dwight  is  situated  on  the  main  line  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Western  Division,  and  is  about  seventy  miles 
from   Chicago,  and   twenty  miles  from   Pontiac,  the  county  seat.      It  is  a  place 


486  _  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

of  about  2,000  inhabitants,  is  the  third  in  size,  and  one  of  the  most  important 
shipping  points  in  the  county.  The  repair  shops  and  the  round  house  of  the 
Western  Division  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  are  located  here, 
as  well  as  the  headquarters  of  the  bridge  builders  of  the  main  line.  The 
tank  men  were  stationed  here  until  recently,  when  they  removed  their  head- 
quarters to  Bloomington.  A  large  number  of  men  employed  by  the  two  roads 
live  in  the  village  of  D wight,  and  have  all  their  interests  centering  here. 

It  was  surveyed  by  Nelson  Buck,  Deputy  County  Surveyor,  for  Amos  Ed- 
wards, the  regular  Surveyor  of  the  county,  in  the  Fall  of  1853,  for  R.  P.  Mor- 
gan, Jr.,  Jas.  C.  Spencer,  John  Lathrop  and  J.  and  K.  W.  Fell,  who  owned 
the  land  on  which  it  stands.  The  original  town  embraced  the  southwest  quarter 
of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  4 ;  also  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  north- 
east quarter,  and  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  (quarter  of  Section  9, 
Township  30  north,  Range  7  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian,  and  on  the 
30th  day  of  January,  1854,  was  dedicated  by  Mr.  Morgan,  and  the  plat 
admitted  to  record.  The  following  are  his  dedicator^/  words :  "  To  be  known 
as  the  town  of  Dwight,  and  the  streets  and  alleys  described  on  the  town  plat 
are  hereby  donated  to  the  public."  It  was  named  for  Henry  Dwight,  of  New 
York,  who  was  a  capitalist,  and  furnished  the  money  to  build  the  road  from 
Joliet  to  Bloomington,  known  now  as  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
He  is  said  to  have  lost  a  fortune  in  the  construction  of  this  road ;  and  as  a 
compliment  to  him,  and  in  honor  of  his  noble  deeds,  his  name  was  given  to  the 
new  village,  which,  in  spite  of  efforts  to  change  it,  it  has  ever  since  borne.  A 
"  quill  "  of  the  time  thus  poetized  : 

"  When  first  this  village  D.  was  thought, 
The  friends  of  D.  some  others  fought, 
To  give  a  little  name,  and  birth 
To  homes  of  clay,  and  joyous  mirth. 
This  settled,  and  a  sign  they  placed 
To  guide  the  weary  wanderer  to  rest : 
A  hickory  pole  of  twenty-two  feet, 
A  rusty  pan  did  gracefully  o'erleap. 

We  are  told  that  the  very  first  indication  of  a  town  was  the  raising  of  a  tel- 
egraph pole,  with  a  tin  pan  nailed  on  top,  which  served  as  a  landmark  and  guide 
to  the  surveyors  engaged  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  or, 
as  then  known,  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad.  The  history  of  this  great 
railroad,  one  of  the  leading  roads  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  is  so  well  known  that 
any  notice  of  it  in  these  pages  seems  almost  superfluous.  The  enterprise  was 
begun  in  1853,  under  the  style  of  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Railroad  Com- 
pany, wnth  the  intention  of  building  a  railroad  from  Joliet  to  Alton.  The  road 
was  located  by  Oliver  H,  Lee,  Chief  Engineer  of  the  company,  and  the  work 
pushed  forward  under  the  supervision  of  Assistant  Engineers  R.  P.  Morgan,  Jr., 
H.  A.  Gardner  and  James  A.  Spencer,  with  such  vigor  and  dispatch  that  on 
the  4th  day  of  July,  1854,  the  first  passenger  train   passed  over  the  new  road.. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  ^  487 

Since  that  event,  its  history  is  so  familiar  to  all  as  to  need  no  comment  here. 
Suffice  it  to  say,  it  has  made  the  village  of  Dwight  what  it  is — a  fact  of  which 
its  citizens  are  aware,  and  appreciate  accordingly. 

In  1869,  the  Western  Division  of  the  C.  &  A.  R.  R.,  which  leaves  the 
main  line  at  Dwight,  was  begun  and  completed,  and  trains  running  over  it  in 
1870.     This  makes  Dwight  quite  a  railroad  center. 

The  first  house  or  cabin  in  the  village  of  Dwight  was  built  by  a  man  fi-om 
Morris,  whose  name  is  now  forgotten.  It  was  a  frame  building,  16x24  feet, 
one  and  a  half  stories  high,  erected  on  Lot  8,  Block  18,  in  1853.  and  was  built 
originally  for  a  store  or  a  kind  of  supply  depot  for  the  railroad  hands,  and 
finally  passed  into  the  possession  of  Dr.  Haggerty,  whose  family  still  own  it. 

The  first  permanent  residence  erected  in  the  village  was  by  Augustus  West, 
on  Lots  18  and  19,  in  Block  7,  and  was  completed  in  June,  1854.  He  still 
owns  the  property,  but  has  built  a  larger  and  more  commodious  house  on  the 
original  site  of  his  first  cabin.  Mr.  West  came  to  the  State  in  1853,  and  early 
in  1854  came  to  Dwight,  where  he  has  ever  since  remained,  and  beheld  the 
sickly  village  of  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago  grow  up  into  a  prosperous  young  city. 

In  1854,  John  Campbell  put  up  a  temporary  eating  house,  which  was  the 
first  place  of  public  entertainment  the  village  knew.  The  trains  stopped  at  it 
for  dinner  and  supper,  which  arrangement  was  continued  until  1855,  when  it 
was  purchased  by  Hiram  Cornell,  who  came  from  New  York,  and  who  conducted 
it  as  a  hotel  for  some  time.  The  following  story  is  told  of  hira  during  his  first 
W^inter  as  "  mine  host:  "  He  had  a  barrel  of  whisky  (without  which  the  Western 
hotel  was  never  found  in  those  early  days),  and  from  some  cause,  wholly  unac- 
countable, it  "froze  up"  during  the  first  cold  snap,  nor  could  he  get  it  near 
enough  to  the  fire  nor  the  fire  hot  enough  to  thaw  it  out ;  and  so  it  remained 
until  Spring  came  with  its  warm  days.  Cornell  remained  in  this  little  shanty 
until  he  built  the  "Dwight  House,"  the  first  regular  hotel  in  the  village,  in 
1855.  Since  the  erection  of  this  hostlery,  many  changes  have  taken  place  in 
the  hotel  business,  as  well  as  in  all  other  lines  represented  in  Dwight.  At 
present,  the  principal  hotel  of  the  place  is  the  "  McPherson  House,"  and  is  rnu 
by  that  prince  of  landlords,  Charles  Staff"ord. 

The  first  regular  store  was  built  by  David  McWilliams,  in  1855.  It  was 
painted  white,  and,  like  the  telegraph  pole,  surmounted  by  the  tin  pan,  before 
alluded  to,  served  as  a  way  mark  to  all  in  search  of  the  new  village.  It  is  said 
that  the  first  sale  made  by  Mr.  McWilliams,  after  opening  a  store  here,  was  a 
lawn  dress  pattern,  which  the  workmen  presented  to  the  wife  of  the  Station 
Master  of  the  railroad.  The  store  seems  to  have  been  a  house  of  general  accom- 
modation, and  was  used  as  a  place  of  worship,  and  also  as  shelter  for  the  new 
comers  of  those  early  times  until  they  had  found  a  permanent  place  to  lay  their 
heads. 

Mr.  McWilliams  came  from  Pike  County,  111.,  but  was  born  in  Ohio,  his 
parents  removing  to  Illinois  when  he  was  a  child.        He  came  to   Dwight  iu 


488  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

1854,  purchased  lots  and  made  arrangements  for  building,  but  did  not  settle 
permanently  until  the  following  year.  When  he  settled  here,  there  was  then 
living  in  the  village  Simeon  Lutz,  his  father-in-law,  John  Routzong,  a  genuine 
old  Pennsylvania  Dutchman,  Augustus  West,  James  Morgan,  an  American  cit- 
izen of  Irish  descent,  Thomas  Wilson  and  James  S.  Harrison.  Morgan  was  a 
track-layer  on  the  railroad,  and  kept  a  kind  of  boarding  house  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  railroad  hands.  Wilson  was  the  Station  Agent,  but  was  of  little 
account,  and  remained  in  the  business  but  a  short  time.  Harrison  was  also  a 
track-layer,  and  made  his  home  with  the  Wests,  where  he  died,  in  1876.  Mr. 
McWilliams  is  still  a  citizen  of  Dwight,  a  prosperous  merchant  and  banker, 

and  one  of  the  leading  business  men  of  the  place. 

In  1855,  the  population  of  the  little  village  was  augmented  by  the  arrival  of 

Hiram  Cornell  (who  bought  Campbell's  eating-house),  George  Flagler,  William 
Clarkson,  Jeremiah  Travis,  Wm,  H,  Ketchum  and  B.  Losee,  from  the  Empire 
State  ;  Isaac  H.  Baker,  S.  L.  D.  Ramsey  and  Dr.  J.  H.  Hagerty,  from  Penn- 
sylvania. The  latter  graduated  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1852, 
and  was  a  prominent  physician,  and  practiced  his  profession  here  until  1863, 
from  which  date  until  his  death,  September  1,  1873,  he  acted  as  consulting  phy- 
sician only.     The  others  were  of  the  solid  citizens  of  the  village. 

The  first  Postmaster  at  Dwight  was  John  Conant,  and  the  office  was  estab- 
lished in  1855.  He  kept  it  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Lutz,  and  surrendered  it  to 
Mr,  McWilliams  when  that  gentleman  opened  his  store  in  the  village.  The 
office  was  a  small  affair  in  those  primitive  days  compared  to  it  at  present.  H. 
A.  Kenyon  is  now  Postmaster. 

The  first  wagon  maker  in  the  village  was  Joseph  Rockwell,  who  came  here 
in  1858  from  Connecticut,  and  made  the  first  wagon  in  Dwight.  He  also  made 
a  loom  for  weaving  cloth,  and  his  wife  used  it.  He  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of 
1812,  as  was  also  Mr.  Conant,  and  both  belonged  to  the  same  regiment. 

The  first  religious  meeting  held  in  Dwight  was  in  an  unfinished  building  on 
Lot  17,  in  Block  6,  in  1855,  and  but  few  persons  were  present,  as  but  few  lived 
in  the  village  at  the  time.  The  first  sermon  preached  in  the  village  was  over 
McWilliams'  store,  on  the  second  Sunday  in  June,  1855,  by  the  Rev.  A.  D. 
Field,  of  the  Rock  River  Conference,  who  established  the  first  religious  society 
while  here  ever  organized  in  the  township  or  village.  The  religious  history  of 
Dwight  will  be  again  referred  to  before  the  close  of  this  chapter. 

As  a  village,  Dwight  was  incorporated  about  1868,  but  as  the  first  record 
book  has  been  mislaid,  we  have  been  unable  to  get  the  exact  date  of  its  organ- 
ization under  the  legislative  act,  or  the  names  of  the  first  Board  of  Village 
Trustees  and  officers.  At  present  the  Board  is  as  follows,  viz.  :  John  Thomp- 
son, President ;  R.  C.  Adams,  W^illiam  Walker,  W.  H.  Ketchum,  E.  R.  Ste- 
vens, John  C.  George  ;  C.  M.  Baker,  Clerk  ;  James  Mclldufi",  Police  Magistrate ; 
W.  M.  Stitt,  Town  Marshal,  and  Henry  Eldridge,  Treasurer. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  4^ 

An  important  feature  of  Dwight  is  the  grain  and  stock  business.  The  ship- 
ments from  this  point  annually  exceed  those  from  any  other  place  perhaps  in 
the  county.  The  first  grain  warehouse  was  built  by  John  C.  Spencer  in  1857, 
but  as  the  country  was  rapidly  increasing  in  agricultural  importance,  in  1862 
David  McWilliams  commenced  a  large  warehouse,  but  the  war,  which  was  then 
assuming  a  fierce  aspect,  delayed  it  somewhat,  and  it  was  not  until  1864  that  it 
was  completed  by  J.  McPherson.  It  is  still  in  operation  ;  has  a  capacity  of 
60,000  bushels,  and  is  at  present  occupied  by  S.  G.  Eldridge.  Another,  a  lit- 
tle north  of  McPherson's  elevator,  was  built  in  1866,  by  C.  S.  Newell  and  John 
Campbell.  It  has  a  capacity  of  15,000  bushels,  and  is  operated  by  Hugh 
Thompson.  In  1868,  C.  S.  Newell  and  J.  G.  Strong  commenced  the  grain 
business,  and  put  up  the  elevator  adjoining  the  one  last  mentioned  on  the  north. 
It  is  occupied  at  present  by  Messrs.  Deffenbaugh  &  Co.,  and  runs  by  steam, 
with  storage  capacity  for  15,000  bushels.  In  1873,  Cadwallader  &  Rhodes 
built  an  elevator  on  the  east  side  of  the  track,  a  little  south  of  the  Round  House,  at 
a  cost  of  about  $4,000,  which  has  a  capacity  of  17,000  bushels.  It  is  now  occu- 
pied by  Cadwallader  alone.  Walter  Bladen  also  put  up  one  a  little  north  of 
Cadwallader's  in  this  year,  which  stores  about  12,000  bushels  of  grain,  and  is 
being  operated  at  present  by  Hahn  &  Kine.  Several  of  the  elevators  of  the  vil- 
lage are  provided  with  '-grain  dumps,"  and  are  operated  by  steam.  In  addi- 
tion to  its  great  grain  trade,  Dwight  is  one  of  the  largest  stock  markets  in  the 
county,  and  ships  a  large  amount  yearly.  The  following  are  the  shipments  of 
freight  from  and  to  this  station  for  six  months  to  July  1,  1878  : 

Freight  shipped  7,870  tons,  or  787  car  loads. 

Freight  received 4,510         "      451        " 

Ticket  sales  to  .July  1,  1878  (six  months) |6,031   10 

A  large  stone  steam  mill  was  built  in  1859.  The  funds  were  subscribed 
by  the  citizens.  It  has  three  runs  of  buhrs,  cost  originally  about  $16,000,  and 
is  owned  at  present  by  H.  E.  Segert. 

The  first  brick  house  was  built  by  Dr.  Hagerty,  in  1871-72,  and  is  now 
occupied  by  C.  M.  Baker  as  a  drug  store.  Mr.  Defienbaugh  built  the  first  brick 
residence. 

The  first  school  house  was  a  rather  diminutive  affair,  about  16x24  feet,  and 
was  put  up  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  at  a  cost  of  $275.  It  was  for  about  three  years 
a  school  house,  church  and  public  hall.  The  first  school  was  taught  in  it  by 
Sarah  A.  Snyder,  and  was  the  first  in  the  township,  as  well  as  in  the  village. 
This  was  but  the  commencement  of  a  thorough  system  of  education,  and  the 
labors  of  the  best  of  the  citizens  have  been  crowned  with  success.  In  1859,  it 
was  found  necessary  to  erect  a  moi'e  commodious  school  building,  and  a  house 
was  put  up  on  the  east  side  of  the  village.  In  1864,  this  had  to  be  enlarged, 
and  an  addition  was  made  to  the  original  building,  making  the  total  cost  $3,500. 
The  rapid  increase  of  population,  in  a  few  yeai's  more,  caused  another  extension  of 
school  accommodations,  and  in  1870,  the  elegant  brick  on  the   west  side  was 


490  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY, 

erected,  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  These  buildings  at  present  suffice,  and  will  accom- 
modate nearly  five  hundred  pupils.  The  Principal  and  teachers  for  the  coming 
year  are  as  follows,  viz.  :  Jesse  Hubbard,  Principal ;  Teachers — West  Side — 
Grammar  Department,  Miss  Frank  McClure  ;  First  Primary,  Miss  Emma  Baker  ; 
Second  Primary,  Miss  Emma  Rodman.  East  Side — Intermediate,  Miss  Lucy 
Banks  ;  First  Primary,  Miss  Jennie  Bradbury ;  Second  Primary,  Miss  Agnes 
Mcllduff.     Superintendent  of  East  Side,  Mrs.  T.  M.  Wright. 

As  already  noted,  the  first  sermon  preached  in  Dwight,  was  by  Rev. A.  D. 
Field,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  in  1855.  His  circuit,  known  as  the 
''  Mazon  Circuit,"  embraced  all  that  tractof  country  south  of  the  Illinois  River,  and 
extending  from  Morris  to  Avoca  Township.  The  society  was  organized  with 
six  members,  viz. :  Simeon  Lutz,  John  Routzong,  Isaac  Baker,  Isabella  Baker, 
David  McWilliams  and  Jeremiah  Travis.  John  Routzong  was  appointed  leader 
of  the  class.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Field  preached  a  few  times  during  the  summer, 
and  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Conference,  two  ministers  were  appointed  to  the 
"Mazon  Circuit,"  and  Dwight  became  one  of  the  regular  preaching  places. 
From  this  time  forward,  there  was  preaching  every  alternate  Sunday  in  the  school 
house,  then  just  built.  In  1862,  the  society  was  struck  off  from  the  Mazon 
Circuit,  and  Rev.  0.  W.  Pollard  appointed  to  the  charges  of  Dwight,  Odell  and 
Pontiac.  The  society  erected  their  first  building  in  1858,  which  was  dedicated  in 
July  of  that  year  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kidder,  of  Evanston.  About  1862-63,  the 
society  had  so  increased  in  numbers,  as  to  necessitate  the  enlargement  of  their 
building,  and  it  was  lengthened  twenty  feet.  For  nine  years  they  worshiped 
in  this  building,  when  their  present  elegant  church  was  erected,  at  a  cost  of 
about  $16,000,  under  the  pastorate  of  Rev.  E.  D.  Hall,  and  dedicated  in  October, 
1867,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Eddy,  then  of  Chicago.  It  is  a  handsomely  finished  edifice, 
is  capable  of  seating  about  500  persons,  and  the  society  numbers  260  members, 
with  Rev.  E.  P.  Hall  as  Pastor.  The  Sunday  school  of  this  society  was  organ- 
ized at  an  early  period,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition.  Mr.  McWilliams  was 
the  first  Superintendent,  a  position  he  held  for  thirteen  years  in  succession. 
The  present  Superintendent  is  W.  Rhodes. 

The  Presbyterian  Church  society  was  organized  in  Dwight  in  1856,  the 
next  year  after  the  Methodist.  Their  original  members  were  three  males  and 
five  females,  and  their  first  place  of  worship  was  the  school  house,  in  which  they 
continued  to  hold  their  meetings  until  the  next  year,  when  their  present  church 
building  was  erected,  on  lots  donated  by  James  C.  Spencer  and  R.  P.  Morgan. 
This  was  the  first  church  built  in  Dwight,  and  cost  originally  $2,620.  The 
pulpit  was  filled  by  various  ministers  irregularly,  until  1869,  when  Rev.  L.  F. 
AValker  was  called  to  the  charge.  In  the  Fall  of  1871,  he  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  W.  L.  Boyd,  who  filled  the  pulpit  until  1873.  There  is  no  regular  Pastor 
at  present.  The  Elders  of  the  church  are  Hugh  Thompson,  Robert  Thompson, 
James  George,  James  Paul  and  John  C.  George.  The  Sunday  school  is  in  a 
flourishing  condition,  and  well  attended. 


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HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTV.  493 

The  next  society  organized  was  the  Congregational.  December  1,  1865, 
the  first  sermon  was  preached  in  this  faith,  by  Rev.  J.  A.  Montgomery,  a 
student  from  the  Congregational  Seminary  of  Chicago.  Their  meetings  were 
held  in  "Gerson's  Hall."  On  the  12th  of  January,  1866,  a  "council  of  del- 
egates" from  the  neighboring  churches  was  convened,  and  invited  to  give 
advice  regarding  the  permanent  organization  of  a  church,  and  eleven  persons 
identified  themselves  with  the  congregation.  In  1867,  an  effort  was  made  to 
build  a  church,  the  lots  procured,  and  the  building  commenced.  In  January, 
1868.  their  present  elegant  church  was  dedicated,  free  of  debt.  The  total  cost 
of  the  building,  grounds,  etc.,  was  $5,425.  Rev.  J.  A.  Montgomery  was  Pastor 
from  the  first  organization  of  the  church  until  1873,  when  he  accepted  a  call  to 
Morris,  and  the  pulpit  is  at  present  filled  by  Rev.  W.  C.  Rogers,  with  about 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  members.  It  has  also  a  flourishing  Sabbath  sohool, 
with  an  attendance  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty,  of  which  A.  Brubaker  is 
Superintendent. 

The  Baptists  made  the  next  efforts,  but  have  not,  from  some  cause  or  other, 
flourished  as  some  of  the  other  denominations  have  done.  They  own  a  build- 
ing, we  believe,  on  the  West  Side,  but  have  no  settled  Pastor.  The  German 
Lutheran  Church  was  built  in  1867,  and  cost  $1,400 ;  has  about  fifty  members, 
and  a  flourishing  Sunday  school.  Rev.  Mr.  Schleitweig,  of  Cayuga,  is  the 
Pastor.  The  German  Evangelical  Association,  or  Albright  Methodists,  have  a 
handsome  little  frame  church  edifice,  22x30  feet,  which  cost  about  fifteen  hundred 
dollars.  The  ministers  are  Revs.  Willman  and  Shaflfle,  and  the  society  has 
twenty-six  members.  A  Sunday  school,  with  an  attendance  of  forty  children, 
is  carried  on  by  Dr.  H.  G.  Thole,  Superintendent.  The  Danish  Lutherans 
have  a  pretty  little  frame  church,  built  a  few  years  ago,  which  has  a  large  and 
flourishing  membership.  The  Pastor  is  Rev.  Jacob  Holm.  There  is  also  a 
Roman  Catholic  Church  in  the  village,  and  with  a  membership  of  about  fifty 
families.  Their  church  is  a  neat  and  tasty  little  building,  put  up  at  a  cost  of 
about  fifteen  hundred  dollars.  The  present  Pastor  is  Father  James  Halpin, 
who  is  also  Superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school,  which  is  in  a  flourishino' 
condition. 

The  Masonic  fraternity  was  organized  here  March  1, 1862,  when  Livingston 
Lodge,  U.  D.,  was  formed,  with  the  following  officers,  viz. :  E.  N.  Jencks, 
Worshipful  Master  ;  W.  L.  Gross,  Senior  Warden  ;  J,  W.  Rockwell,  Junior 
Warden ;  C.  S.  Newell,  Secretary.  October  8,  1862,  the  Lodge  received  a 
charter,  issued  by  F.  M.  Blair,  Grand  Master  of  Masons  in  Illinois,  and  coun- 
tersigned by  H.  G.  Reynolds,  Grand  Secretary.  It  has  a  large  and  increasing 
membership,  and  the  present  officers  are :  Curtis  J.  Judd.  Master ;  W.  S.  Sims, 
Senior  Warden,  and  W.  S.  Wilson,  Junior  Warden. 

Dwight  Lodge,  No.  513,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  in  Dwight  by  J.  S. 
Hunter,  of  Odell,  D.  G.  M.,  May  22,  1873.  The  first  Noble  Grand  was  C.  C. 
Gilbert,  and  M.  W.  Tambling,  Secretary.     In  October  of  the  same  year,  a 


494  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

charter  was  issued  by  G.  M.  Bross,  Grand  Master,  to  the  following  charter 
members  :  C.  C.  Gilbert,  W.  S.  Sims,  M.  W.  Tambling,  John  L.  Clarke, 
Thomas  Weldon,  Hugh  A.  Stevens  and  E.  P.  Utley.  At  present,  John 
Thompson  is  Noble  Grand,  and  W,  H.  Bobbins,  Secretary. 

The  tub  and  pail  factory  of  W.  H.* Conrad  is  quite  an  institution.  The 
work  is  all  done  by  machinery,  which  is  run  by  steam.  In  connection  is  a 
planing-mill  and  turning  lathe.  Works  a  number  of  hands,  and  does  quite  a 
business  in  his  way.  Another  is  the  sash  and  blind  factory,  and  steam  planing- 
mill  of  W.  H.  Walker.  He  was  burned  out,  some  six  months  ago,  and 
lost  everything,  amounting  to  about  eight  thousand  dollars,  on  which 
there  was  no  insurance.  His  indomitable  energy  w^ould  not  allow  him  to 
remain  idle,  and  he  immediately  rebuilt,  and  is  running  again  to  his  full 
capacity. 

The  first  bank,  devoted  exclusively  to  that  business,  established  in 
Dwight,  was  by  J.  G.  Strong,  in  1866,  and  continued  as  such  for  a  number 
of  years ;  but  at  present  is  being  wound  up,  preparatory  to  engaging  in 
some  other  business.  D.  McWilliams  &  Co.  gradually  drifted  into  banking 
from  doing  that  kind  of  business  in  connection  with  their  store.  They  now 
have  as  handsome  a  bank  building,  adjoining  their  store  house,  and  with 
which  it  communicates  through  the  rear,  as  is  to  be  found  in  any  country 
town. 

It  has  been  said  that  no  "town  is  a  town  without  a  newspaper."  In  1868» 
the  first  newspaper  was  established  in  Dv/ight,  and  a  Star  appeared  in  its  firma- 
ment which  still  shines  in  undiminished  brilliance.  On  the  5th  of  May,  1868, 
C.  L.  Palmer  issued  the  first  copy  of  the  Dwight  Star.  Says  Hargreave's 
History  of  Dwight :  "  The  Editor,  C.  L.  Palmer,  issued  this  paper  more  for 
amusement  than  profit,  but  in  a  short  time  it  was  evident  that  the  Star  occu- 
pied a  place  which  could  not  be  filled  by  any  other  claimant  to  popular  favor." 
Since  its  commencement,  the  Star  has  been  enlarged  nine  times,  is  a  large 
quarto  sheet,  and  is  in  the  tenth  year  of  its  existence,  and  the  only  steam 
printing  establishment  in  Livingston  County.  It  is  Republican  in  politics,  and 
is  still  owned  by  C.  L.  Palmer,  its  original  founder.  On  the  5th  June,  1868, 
the  Dwight  Weekly  Courier  made  its  appearance,  but,  after  a  fitful  and  brief 
existence,  it  quietly  passed  away.  The  Dwight  Commercial  was  established  in 
December,  1877,  by  a  stock  company,  composed  chiefly  of  the  business  men  of 
the  town.  It  is  Independent  in  politics,  and  is  edited  by  C.  M.  Cyrus  ;  is  a  very 
handsome  eight-page  six-column  paper.  The  Western  Postal  Review  is  edited 
by  H.  A.  Kenyon,  Postmaster,  and  published  at  the  Star  office,  devoted  chiefly 
to  post  office  matters.  We  have  thus  taken  a  brief  glance  of  the  little  prairie 
city,  and  traced  its  history  from  the  first  laying  out  of  the  village  through  the 
different  stages  of  its  progress  and  growth  to  its  present  standing  as  a  commercial 
point.     A  local  bard,  imbued  with  prophetic  wisdom,  lifts^  the  veil  of  Dwight's 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  495 

future  greatness,  and  through  the  columns   of  the  Star  thus  sings  of  its  glory 
fifty  years  hence : 

DWIGHT   IX   1928. 

Dropped  from  above  by  the  big  balloon 

That  rushes  by  each  afternoon, 

A  stranger  came  from  a  distant  land  : 

His  hair  was  bleached  and  his  face  was  tanned. 

At  the  City  Hotel  he  touched  a  spring, 

Which  wrote  his  name  in  a  twinkle-ing. 

A  glance  at  the  open  register's  date 

Showed  Nineteen  Hundred  and  Twenty-eight. 

And  now  you'll  wait  awhile  before 

I  tell  you  the  name  the  stranger  bore — 

For  I  didn't  look  at  the  book  very  close : 

It  was  not  good  manners,  just  under  his  nose. 

After  dinner  he  sat  on  his  chair, 

And  picked  his  teeth  with  an  anxious  air. 

"  What  a  conductorl"  muttered  the  man  ; 

"  I  wanted  to  go  to  Bloomington, 

But  he  dropped  me  here,  did  the  young  gal»ot, 

And  sent  me  down  in  a  parachute. 

I  thought  I  was  nearing  Ji  forest  of  trees. 

And  never  expected  streets  like  these  : 

And  such  big  buildings — I  cannot  tell  'em, 

Hid  by  the  cottonwood,  maple  and  ellum." 

All  looked  strange,  but  still  there  were 

Tokens  of  things  familiar  I 

"  This  can't  be  D wight !  "   at  length  he  cried  ; 

"That's  what  they  call  it,''  quick  replied 

The  host,  who  smiled  as  landlords  do, 

As  he  marked  his  room  two  hundred  and  two. 

"  Well  I  "   said  the  guest.  "  I  once  lived  here. 

In  times  gone  by,  full  fifty  year : 

Then  I  was  young,  and  spry  and  gay  ; 

Now  I  am  old  and  turning  gray. 

Nobody  knows  me,  but  I  once  knew 

Lots  of  men  here.''     The  landlord  grew 

Quite  interested,  and  he  said  : 

"  The  men  you  knew  are  probably  dead. 

Charley  Stafford — a  fat  old  person — 

Once  kept  this  house,  then  called  the  McPherson. 

A  merchant  owned  it — a  rich  old  chap 

Whose  property  covered  half  the  map 

Of  what  was  known  as  the  village  once. 

(He  always  watched  for  the  main  chance.) 

He  left  to  the  church  several  millions, 

And  the  Methodists  call  him  "Saint  McWilliams." 

Gould,  Hetzel  and  Eldredge  followed  suit : 

Plodding  merchants  of  good  repute. 

About  Old  Keeley  ?  the  actual  fact  is 

That  he  got  rich  on  his  country  practice. 

I  knew  him  well  I     Bv  the  old  stone  mill 


496  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

He  grew  quite  fat,  and  never  was  ill ; 

But  once  when  he  took  the  patient's  dose, 

He  brought  his  precious  life  to  a  close. 

He  prided  himself  on  his  learned  diction, 

And  diluted  the  truth  with  a  good  deal  of  fiction." 

"  Enough  of  him  I  "   said  the  stranger  guest, 

"  Tell  us  something  about  the  rest — 

Judd  and  Parsons,  and  Strong  and  Brad., 

Bakers  and  Thompsons,  and  Kenyon  and  Cad  !  " 

"  Well !     General  Parsons  of  the  millish 

Kept  his  command  in  good  condish ; 

But  he  lost  his  life  in  a  commune  riot, 

Since  which  he's  been  remarkably  quiet. 

His  name  appears  in  the  Patriots'  list — 

Brave  boy  was  Jim  !  and  very  much  missed. 

Major  Judd  married  a  prim  old  maid 

Who  brushed  his  clothes  and  combed  his  head. 

Of  this  great  State  he  was  Adjutant  General, 

And  all  the  troops  here  went  down  to  his  funeral. 

Strong  grew  rich  and  jolly  again. 

And  died  a  stout  old  Congressman. 

Brad,  wrote  poetry  more  and  more. 

And  got  to  be  a  terrible  bore  ; 

Died  of  Astronomy  on  the  brain — 

'  His  loss  was  our  eternal  gain  I ' 

Post  Office  Kenyon  kept  that  place, 

And  always  won  the  political  race. 

Cad.  went  West  for  change  of  air. 

And  died  a  Kansas  millionaire. 

Bakers  and  Thompsons  spread  all  over. 

Children  and  grandchildren  thick  as  clover. 

Palmer,  the  printer,  went  last  week  : 

Died  of  enlargement  of  the  cheek, 

Which  began  growing  in  early  youth — 

Plain  to  all  but  himself,  forsooth  I  " 

"  Give  us  a  rest,"  said  the  ma»  ;     'I  think 

It  is  just  about  time  to  take  a  drink." 

No  liquors  now  for  imbibition. 

We're  living  under  Prohibition ! 

To  distil  or  not ;  that  was  the  question 

Decided  at  last  Fall  election. 

None  to  be  made  or  sold  or  drank. 

For  all  of  which  we  have  to  thank 

The  Red  Ribbon  flag  that's  now  unfurled 

O'er  the  soberest  country  in  all  the  world. 

The  guest,  disgusted,  turned  his  eyes, 

And  saw  some  bottles  with  surprise. 

"  Oh,"  said  the  landlord,  with  a  laugh, 

"  That's  nothing  but  our  Phonograph  : 

The  bottled  talk  of  great  men  gone — 

Sweet  souvenirs  I  shall  I  open  one  ?" 

He  drew  the  cork,  and  it  went  round : 

Forth  from  the  inside  came  a  sound — 

Rapid  and  rasping — as  long  as  he'd  let  it. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

"  That's  what  I'm  telling  yon  :   don't  you  forget  it ! 

Have  I  no  rights  here  ?  that's  what  I  meant ; 

Royal  oUl  rooster — don't  care  a  cent"  — 

"Hold  !  "  said  the  guest,  "that's  our  friend  Joe  ; 

I've  heard  him  oft — he  wasn't  slow  !  " 

The  landlord  then,  with  purpose  cruel. 

Opened  a  bottle  marked  Neilson  ^  Newell. 

O'ercome  with  memories,  the  guest  shed  tears. 

Rushed  from  the  room  and  stopped  his  ears. 

A  bottle  of  "Lewis  "  lay  up  on  the  rack, 

Ready  for  use  when  he  got  back. 

After  supper  he  strolled  around 

And  viewed  the  once  familiar  ground. 

The  mill  was  mossy  with  decay. 

And  dwarfed  by  buildings  tall  and  gay. 

The  "  Strips"  were  parks  with  iron  gates, 

The  railroads  ran  not  a  car  but  "freights,'" 

For  passenger  tratfic  went  by  balloon, 

Night  and  morning  and  afternoon. 

Large  as  cathedrals  loomed  the  churches. 

With  grand,  high  towers  and  spacious  porches. 

Oaklawn  grounds  were  green  and  sweet, 
OfiFering  a  calm  and  cool  retreat. 
Distance  a  mile  from  the  city  limits, 
Time  by  the  air-car.  just  three  minutes. 
Here,  midst  the  fragrance  of  flowers  rare. 
Slabs  and  obelisks  pierced  the  air. 
Former  inhabitants  all  were  there, 
Sleeping  beneath  the  solemn  trees. 
Till  God  shall  show  them  His  mysteries  ! 
Town  Boards,  School  Boards,  Supervisors, 
Profligates  and  stingy  misers. 
Lazy  folks  and  early  risers  ; 
Mother  and  daughter,  father  and  son, 
Gathered  together,  one  by  one  ! 
Epitaphs  gave  of  the  dead  below 
Lists  of  virtues  set  up  for  show. 
Phonographs  treasured  the  precious  tones 
Of  old  John  Smith  and  young  Bill  Jones. 
Photographs  shone  on  the  top  of  each  tomb, 
Glowing  with  faces  of  life-like  bloom. 
Said  the  guest,  quoting  against  his  will, 
"The  dead,  the  dead  are  living  still !  " 

He  saw  his  relations  scattered  around 
In  every  part  of  the  burial  ground. 
Sabbath-school  teachers  of  goodness  and  truth, 
And  Pollard,  the  faithful  old  friend  of  youth. 
Playmates  of  childhood,  all  dead  long  ago — 
Lay  under  the  grass  where  the  roses  blow. 
He  thought  of  them  and  of  by-gone  years. 
And  his  heart  dissolved  in  a  flood  of  tears. 


49' 


498  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Hastening  back  to  the  City  Hotel, 

He  asked  the  amount  of  his  little  bill. 

"  Now,''  said  he,  "  Landlord,  here's  your  money  ; 

Put  your  mouth  to  the  telephunny. 

And  tell  the  night  watchman  to  check  the  balloon  up. 

And  I'll  start  off  as  soon  as  it's  moon  up." 

He  mounted  the  tower  for  his  midnight  trip, 

And  soon  was  scooped  by  the  big  air-ship. 

I  looked  at  his  name  in  the  book  again. 

And  read,  "Bones  Thompson,  f7-om  Japan!" 

A  very  important  part  of  the  history  of  the  village  of  Dwight  is  the  litiga- 
tion concerning  what  is  popularly  known  as  "The  Strips."  These  are  two 
narrow  strips  of  ground,  1,004  feet  in  length  and  each  50  feet  in  width,  lying, 
one  between  East  street  and  the  railroad  and  the  other  between  West  street  and 
the  railroad.  The  first  suit  brought  to  test  the  question  of  title  to  these  lands 
was  a  suit  brought  by  D.  McWilliams  and  James  H.  Hagerty,  to  enjoin  R.  P. 
Morgan,  Jr.  (who  claimed  the  title),  from  erecting  an  office  at  the  corner  of 
East  and  Morgan  streets,  the  complainants  claiming  that  the  lands  had  been 
"dedicated  to  the  public."  The  case  went  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois, 
and  was  decided  adversely  to  the  complainants. 

In  1873,  one  R.  P.  Tansey,  who  had  purchased  the  undivided  interest  of 
one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the  village,  in  and  to  all  such  property  as 
had  not  been  sold  and  the  proceeds  divided,  and  which  belonged  to  the  original 
enterprise,  commenced  suit  for  partition ;  and,  being  a  non-resident  of  the 
State,  the  suit  was  brought  in  the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  in  Chicago. 
R.  P.  Morgan,  Jr.,  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  Company  and  others  were 
made  parties  defendant,  and  Morgan  and  the  Railroad  Company  filed  cross  bills, 
each  claiming  absolute  title  to  the  premises.  This  suit  was  decided  in  favor  of 
the  Railroad  Company,  but  was  appealed  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  Avhere,  after  an  able  review  of  the  facts  in  the  case,  by  Justice  Swayne, 
the  decision  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  was  affirmed.  The  opinion  of 
the  Supreme  Court  is  an  able  document,  and  we  would  be  glad  to  give  it  in  this 
histor}?^  as  an  item  of  interest  to  the  legal  fraternity  of  the  county,  but  its 
great  length  forbids  it.  Pending  this  litigation,  Morgan  had  leased  and  sold 
difi"erent  portions  of  the  two  "  Strips,"  and  a  row  of  wooden  buildings  had 
sprung  up  thereon,  fronting  on  both  East  and  West  streets ;  but  when  the 
opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  was  rendered,  the  Railroad  Company,  having 
been  declared  the  owners,  as  above  stated,  notified  all  parties  who  held  titles 
under  Morgan  to  vacate ;  and  the  result  is,  the  buildings  are  rapidly  being 
removed,  thereby  adding  greatly  to  the  appearance  of  the  village,  as  well  as  to 
its  safety. 

The  village  of  Dwight  is  distinguished  for  the  honor  of  being  the  military 
headquarters  of  the  Tenth  Battalion  of  Illinois  National  Guards,  Lieut.  Col.  J.  B. 
Parsons,  commanding.  The  battalion  was  organized  August  15,  1876,  com- 
posed of  companies  from  Dwight,  Odell,  Pontiac,  Streator,  Joliet  and  Marseilles. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  499 

The  field  officers  elected  then  were  J.  B.  Parsons,  of  Dwight,  Lieutenant 
Colonel;  L.  C.  Miles,  of  Streator,  Major.  Staff  appointed :  L.  C.  Mitchell,  of 
Joliet,  Surgeon  ;  Rev.  J.  F.  Culver,  of  Pontiac,  Chaplain  ;  J.  B.  Fithian,  of  Joliet 
Adjutant,  and  C.  J.  Judd,  of  Dwiglit,  Quartermaster.  The  battalion  has  since 
been  reorganized  and  some  of  the  compaYiies  attached  to  other  commands,  while 
two  new  companies  have  been  added  to  the  Tenth,  whose  headquarters  still 
remain  at  Dwight.  Under  reorganization,  it  is  composed  of  the  following 
companies,  viz. :  Parsons  Guards,  Co.  E  ;*  Pontiac  Guards,  Company  A  ; 
Wenona  Guards,  Co.  B:  Odell  Guards,  Co.  D;  Fairbury  Guards,  Co.  C. 
The  battalion  officers  at  present  are :  J.  B.  Parsons,  Dwight,  Lieutenant 
Colonel,  commanding;  J.  K.  Howard,  Odell,  Major;  H.  E.  W.  Barnes,  Fairbury, 
Surgeon  ;  Rev.  J.  F.  Culver,  Pontiac,  Chaplain  ;  C.  J.  Judd,  Dwight,  Adjutant ; 
Cadet  Taylor,  Wenona,  Quartermaster.  The  entire  command,  except  the 
Wenona  Guai'ds,  is  of  Livingston  County.  They  are  armed  with  the  uniform 
breech-loading  Springfield  rifles,  of  the  Prussian  pattern.  The  companies  are 
well  drilled  and  ready  to  meet  a  foe  at  a  moment's  warning.  A  complete  roster 
of  the  Tenth  Battalion  will  be  found  in  the  War  Record  of  this  work. 

The  Dwight  Guards,  a  company  of  the  Tenth  Battalion,  was  organized 
June  20,  1874,  and  its  first  officers  were :  J.  B.  Parsons,  Captain ;  S.  H. 
Kenny,  First  Lieutenant ;  S.  M.  Witt,  Second  Lieutenant.  Upon  the  organi- 
zation of  the  battalion,  Capt.  Parsons  was  promoted  to  its  command,  and  his 
old  company,  the  Dwight  Guards,  by  a  company  vote  and  as  a  token  of  esteem 
for  their  late  Captain,  changed  the  name  of  the  company  to  "  Parsons  Guards," 
which  name  they  still  retain.  Their  officers  at  present  are  as  follows,  viz.  :  S. 
H.  Kenny,  Captain ;  S.  M.  Witt,  First  Lieutenant ;  J.  H.  Lloyd,  Second 
Lieutenant. 

The  bar  is  represented  in  Dwight  by  the  following  gentlemen  learned  in  the 
law  :  L.  G.  Pearre,  R.  S.  Mcllduff,  J.  I.  Dunlap,  W.  H.  Bradbury,  F.  B. 
Hargreaves,  Lewis  Kenyon,  J.  G.  Strong  and  F.  E.  Peck.  Of  this  array  of 
native  talent,  Hon.  J.  G.  Strong  has  represented  his  district  in  both  branches 
of  the  State  Legislature,  while  the  others  are  all  lawyers  of  ability.  The  health 
of  the  village  and  country  is  looked  after  by  Drs.  L.  E.  Keeley  and  C.  D. 
Chalfant,  of  the  Allopathic  school,  and  Dr.  H.  G.  Thole,  of  the  Homeopathic 
profession. 

One  of  the  loveliest  spots  around  Dwight  is  Oaklawn  Cemetery,  which  has 
been  laid  out  and  improved  in  the  most  beautiful  manner.  A  few  years  ago, 
they  had  a  landscape  artist  from  Chicago  to  lay  it  off  and  divide  it  into  lots  and 
plats  of  the  most  approved  style  of  art.  In  1877,  they  had  1,300  young  trees 
planted,  which  are  growing  finely.  On  the  15th  of  August  of  this  year,  it  was 
incorporated  under  act  by  H.  A.  Kenyon,  President ;  C.  M.  Baker,  Secretary ; 
J.  H.  Hetzel,  Treasurer ;  H.  T.  Newell,  J.  B.  Parsons  and  A.  E.  Gould, 
Directors.     The  first  party  buried  in  this  cemetery  was  Miss  Margaret  Speers, 

♦Formerly  Dwight  Guards. 


600  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

a.sister  of  Isaac  Baker's  wife  and  of  Squire  Mcllduff 's,  in  1855,  the  year  Mr. 
Baker  came  to  the  country. 

Like  the  majority  of  Western  towns  and  villages  which  spring  up  in  a  few 
■weeks  and  are  usually  built  almost  exclusively  of  wood,  Dwight  has  but  few 
brick  buildings,  and  these  few  are  t)f  recent  erection.  Naturally,  with  so 
much  combustible  material  and  light  wood  buildings,  it  has  not  escaped  fires. 
The  most  destructive,  perhaps,  occurred  in  1869.  The  following  account  is 
from  the  Dwight  Star,  of  that  date :  "  About  fifteen  minutes  past  1  o'clock  A. 
M.,  on  the  24th  of  March,  the  alarm  was  given  that  a  fire  had  broken  out  in 
the  rear  of  Gerson's  Hall.  It  rapidly  spread  to  Harris'  store,  and,  in  a  brief 
space  of  time,  Hagerty  k  Baker's  drug  store,  Monahan's  building  and  Newell 
&  Co.'s  hardware  store  were  wrapped  in  flames.  The  buildings  of  Mrs.  Marsh, 
A.  Wait,  Dr.  Morgan  and  M.  Rearick  were  torn  down  in  order  to  arrest  the 
progress  of  the  fire."  After  giving  some  further  particulars,  the  editor  summed 
up  the  loss  at  about  ^40,000,  and  the  insurance  at  $25,000.  In  December  of 
this  same  year,  another  fire  occurred.  It  commenced  in  Mrs.  Henry's  millinery 
store,  which,  together  with  McWilliams'  bank  building  (a  wooden  structure), 
was  consumed.  The  loss,  oAving  to  the  exertions  of  the  citizens,  was  trifling, 
amounting  to  only  about  §1,000. 

The  war  history  of  Dwight  is  flattering,  and  presents  a  noble  record  of  the 
loyalty  of  the  citizens  of  both  township  and  village.  When  the  tocsin  of  war 
sounded  over  the  land,  and  President  Lincoln  called  for  soldiers  to  defend  the 
Union,  the  young  men,  and  the  old  ones,  too,  rose  up  together  and  offered 
themselves  for  duty.  Company  B,  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth 
Regiment  of  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry,  was  recruited  almost  entirely  in 
Dwight.  The  first  Colonel  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth  (Smith)  was 
from  Dwight.  When  Company  B  was  mustered  into  the  service  on  the  8th 
of  September,  1862,  the  officers  were:  Samuel  T.  Walker,  Captain;  George 
W.  Gilchrist,  First  Lieutenant ;  Elihu  Chilcott,  Second  Lieutenant ;  Homer 
A.  Kenyon,  Orderly  Sergeant.  These  were  all  from  Dwight,  as  well  as  most 
of  the  rank  and  file.  The  history  of  this  company  and  of  the  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty-ninth  Regiment  is  important  and  of  much  interest  from  its  first 
organization  until  mustered  out  of  the  service,  and  will,  together  with  all  the 
soldiers  who  went  from  Livingston  County,  be  found  recorded  in  the  War  History 
of  this  work. 

LONG  POINT  TOWNSHIP. 

From  the  year  1833  till  1845,  the  older  settled  States,  especially  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Ohio,  were  flooded  with  circulars  describing  the  beauties  of  the  West- 
ern country,  especially  Central  Illinois,  recommending  its  lands,  praising  its 
climate,  and  offering  every  inducement  to  the  homeless  to  emigrate.  The 
scheme  was  carried  on  bv  associations  or  societies,  somewhat  after  the  manner 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  501 

of  the  later   railroad  corporations,  who,  at  the  present  time,  spread  broadcast 

advertisements  portraying  the  advantages  of  the  country  still  further  west. 

The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  one  of  the  circulars  aent  out  in  the  earlier 

times,  and  which  was  the  means  of  directing  the  attention  of  one  of  the  early 

settlers  of  Long  Point  toward  Central  Illinois : 

Philadelphia,  Pa..  ,  183 — . 

Dear  Sir :  We  wish  to  call  the  attention  of  yourself  and  friends  to  the  fact  that  we  are  the 
agents  of  the  Central  Illinois  Emigrant  Society,  formed  for  the  purpose  of  giving  information  and 
otherwise  aiding  those  desiring  to  remove  to  the  West,  in  selecting  for  themselves  homes  in  that 
desirable  locality.  The  Indian  troubles  are  all  settled,  the  Indians  themselves  having  been  re- 
moved to  Iowa.  A  canal  through  this  section  of  the  country  is  projected,  and  will  soon  be  built, 
putting  tliis  territory  in  close  communication  with  Chicago  and  the  East.  The  land,  which  has 
just  come  into  market,  is  of  an  excellent  character,  and  can  be  had  at  from  sixty  cents  to  f2.00 
per  acre.  Wood  is  plenty,  water  is  good  and  abundant,  the  soil  is  extremely  fertile,  producing- 
crops  that  would  astonish  the  Eastern  farmer,  and  the  climate  is  healthful.  We  shall  be  pleaseil 
to  have  you  correspond  with  us,  and  we  will  be  glad  to  give  you  fuller  information. 

Your  obedient  servants,  .1.  M.  Tidu  &  Co.,  Bankers, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

These  circulars  and  other  advertisements  were  handled  largely  by  people 
already  in  the  country,  who  w^re  desirous  of  having  their  friends  emigrate, 
and  anxious  to  have  the  country  fill  up.  Realizing  the  lack  of  social,  educa- 
tional and  church  privileges,  they  were  solicitous  that  the  country  should  be 
immediately  settled. 

A  few  years  later,  when  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  had  become  a 
fixed  fact,  this  additional  argument  was  urged,  and  Ave  find  in  a  pamphlet  pub- 
lished at  that  time,  in  the  interests  of  emigration,  a  statement  which,  though  a 
poor  argument  to-day,  brought  hundreds  of  families  to  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try. After  describing  the  country  in  the  highest  terms,  the  writer  proceeds  to 
say  that,  within  a  year,  the  canal  will  be  open  for  travel,  which  will  make  Jthe 
trip  by  water  a  comparatively  easy  and  short  one.  He  says  :  "  Heretofore  the 
journey  from  Erie,  Penn.,  to  Central  Illinois  has  occupied  not  less  than  two 
months.  After  the  completion  of  the  canal,  the  length  of  time  occupied  in 
making  the  journey  will  be  about  as  follows  :  Erie,  Penn.,  to  Chicago,  four  days  : 
Chicago  to  the  Rapids,  on  Section  21,  Town  33  north.  Range  1  east  of  the  Third 
P.  M.,  thirty-three  hours,  supposing  the  boats  go  at  the  rate  of  three  miles  per 
hour ;  thus  making  in  all  a  trip  of  only  five  days  and  nine  hours.  Besides 
making  the  journey  of  such  short  duration,  it  would  obviate  the  great  fatigue 
and  hardships  incident  to  a  trip  by  land."  He  also  hints  at  the  possibility  of  a 
railroad,  which  would  traverse  this  section  in  the  near  future.  Although 
such  statements  seem  to  us  quite  modest  at  present,  it  was  thought  by  many, 
into  whose  hands  the  information  fell,  that  it  was  somewhat  overdrawn.  Indeed, 
the  most  enthusiastic  could  not  have  imagined  that  Livingston  County,  with  a 
population  of  a  few  hundred,  would  see  the  time  that  five  railroads  would  pass 
through  its  limits,  or  that  Long  Point  Township  would  be  settled  to  its  entire 
limits  within  a  space  of  twoscore  years.  Such,  however,  is  the  case,  and  much 
more  ;  for,  not  only  has  all  this  come  to  pass,  but  the  social  and  educational 


502  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  ^ 

features  have  fully  kept  pace.  Long  Point  is  so  called  from  the  long  stretch  of 
timber,  extending  from  the  northeast  corner  of  the  township  almost  to  its  west- 
■ern  limit,  and  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  creek  bearing  the  same  name.  The 
creek  itself  rises  in  what  is  termed  the  "  pan-handle  "  of  La  Salle  County,  and 
flows  in  a  northeasterly  course,  leaving  the  township  at  the  northeast  corner. 
A  tributary  of  this,  called  Diamond  Creek,  also  flows  from  the  southwest  cor- 
ner and  empties  into  Long  Point  Creek  at  the  northeast  corner  of  Section  10. 
These  two  creeks  furnish  the  only  natural  supply  of  water  to  the  township. 
The  land  is  quite  level,  especially  in  the  southern  part,  being  almost  flat;  though, 
except  in  the  wettest  season,  none  is  so  level  as  to  prevent  cultivation.  Proba- 
bly no  richer  land  can  be  found  in  the  county  than  that  of  Long  Point  Town- 
ship. It  is  well  adapted  to  the  production  of  corn,  rye,  oats  and  vegetables  of 
various  kinds.  Twenty  years  ago  but  a  small  portion  of  the  township  had  been 
brought  under  cultivation  ;  but,  at  the  present  writing,  but  a  very  sjiiall  portion 
has  not  been  utilized.  The  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad  crosses 
the  nortl-west  corner,  cutting  ofi"  about  five  sections.  Since  the  building  of  this 
Toad,  the  village  of  Long  Point  has  been  established  on  Sections  4,  5  and  9. 

Prior  to  1838,  none  of  the  lands  of  Long  Point  Township  had  been  dis- 
posed of,  though  they  had  been  in  market  two  years.  On  the  6th  of  November 
of  the  year  named,  Andrew  McDowell,  who  had  come  to  the  township  some 
time  before,  and  who  was  the  first  settler,  entered  the  first  piece  of  land  in  the 
township.  Mr.  McDowell  was  from  Pennsylvania,  and  when  he  first  came  to 
the  county  it  must  have  had  a  wild  appearance  indeed,  as  compared  with  the 
well  cultivated  fields,  comfortable  farm  houses  and  improved  roads  that  he  had 
left  behind.  Not  only  was  the  township  entirely  destitute  of  inhabitants,  but 
for  twenty-five  miles  to  the  west,  and  as  many  south,  all  was  an  open  plain, 
with  not  a  fence,  or  shanty,  or  any  other  indication  that  the  country  had  ever 
been  visited  by  man.  Five  or  six  miles  to  the  north  were  the  Moons  and 
Barackmans,  and  on  the  east,  in  Amity  Township,  as  many  miles  distant,  were 
a  few  cabins ;  but  McDowell  was  literally  on  the  frontier. 

Very  soon  after  the  date  mentioned,  Isaac  Hodgson  made  his  entry.  Hodg- 
son was  also  from  Pennsylvania.  He  lived  here  until  1853,  when  he  sold  out 
to  Samuel  Sillik,  and  removed  further  West. 

Edwin  L.  and  Oscar  B.  Wheeler  were  from  New  York.  They  came  to  this 
township,  the  former  in  1839  and  the  latter  in  1841.  Both  have  accumulated 
from  almost  nothing,  by  farming  and  stock  raising,  large  fortunes. 

By  the  last  named  date,  quite  a  number  of  accessions  had  been  made  to  the 
community,  among  which  are  remembered  James  Argubright  and  his  father-in- 
law  Caleb  Odle,  John  Evans,  Edward,  David  and  Orin  Rhodes,  David  and 
Loman  Miller,  Crawford  Isenhour  and  Lorin  Pratt.  The  first  two  of  these 
were  from  Ohio,  while  the  other  eight  were  natives  of  Pennsylvania. 

John  Evans  died  years  ago,  but  the  old  homestead  is  still  occupied  by  his 
son  Harrison. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  503 

The  Rhodes  boys  were  brothers  and  unmarried  men.  They  resided  here 
until  about  1858,  when  they  sold  out  and  went  further  west. 

David  and  Loman  Miller  were  cousins,  the  former  also  being  brother-in-law 
of  Isenhour. 

In  1842,  Frederick,  Edward  and  Benjamin  Carlton,  three  brothers  and 
Englishmen,  settled  in  the  township. 

During  the  next  ten  years,  the  settlements  in  the  township  were  very  few. 
only  one  or  two  new  families  a  year  making  their  appearance  ;  and  at  the  end  of 
the  period  named,  not  more  than  a  dozen  additional  ones  had  located  here.  These 
were  Erastus  and  William  Eaton,  Samuel  Sillik,  E.  L.  Stratton,  E.  C.  Allen, 
Orlando  Chubbuck,  Aaron  and  Philo  Zielman  with  their  father,  Hiram  and 
Ferdinand  Verner  with  their  father,  Thos.  Mills,  Absalom  Hallam,  Harvey 
Windsor  and  Jas.  P.  Morgan.  The  first  six  and  the  last  named  were  all  from 
Pennsylvania.  The  Zielmans  had  been  living  in  the  adjoining  county  of  La 
Salle ;  the  Verners  were  German,  and  Mills  and  Hallam  were  natives  of  Ohio. 

Hon.  E.  C.  Allen  was  Clerk  pro  tern,  of  the  first  election  held  in  the  town- 
ship, and  was  elected  to  the  office  at  the  first  township  meeting.  In  1859,  he 
was  elected  Supervisor,  and  was  re-elected  every  year  until  1862.  In  1870, 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  same  office,  and  held  it  continuously  until  his  elec- 
tion to  the  more  honorable  position  of  Representative  in  the  State  Legislature, 
in  1876,  when  he  declined  re-election. 

E.  L.  Stratton,  familiarly  known  as  "  Stub"  Stratton,  was  elected  to  the 
office  of  Supervisor  at  least  five  times,  and  has  held  many  other  positions  of 
honor  and  trust. 

0.  Chubbuck  has  figured  as  largely  in  politics,  in  Long  Point  Township,  as 
any  other  man.     He  removed  to  Streator,  some  years  since,  to  practice  law. 

Thomas  Mills  is  one  of  the  stanchest  men,  morally  and  socially,  that  the 
town  has  ever  had  for  a  resident. 

Absalom  Hallam  was  the  first  Postmaster.  He  was  appointed  to  the  office 
soon  after  his  settlement,  and  kept  the  same  in  his  house  a  few  years,  when  it 
was  moved  to  the  house  of  E.  L.  Wheeler,  who  was  appointed  Postmaster.  The 
office  had  a  kind  of  migratory  existence,  until  the  village  of  Long  Point  was 
laid  out,  when  it  was  permanently  established  at  that  place,  with  Dr.  J.  N. 
Markle  as  Postmaster. 

James  P.  Morgan  came  to  this  country  in  1835,  and,  but  for  a  little  unfavor- 
able impression  that  he  received  on  his  arrival,  we  might  have  had  the  privilege 
of  recording  him  as  one  of  the  earliest  settlers.  Mr.  Morgan  was  a  printer  in 
his  younger  days ;  had  worked  at  his  trade  at  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  and  for 
Horace  Greeley,  in  New  York  ;  and,  like  most  of  the  journeymen  of  that  trade, 
desired  to  see  some  of  the  world.  So,  he  packed  his  few  effects  and  drifted 
down  the  Ohio  River  and  up  the  Mississippi  to  St.  Louis,  and  thence  up  the 
Illinois  to  Ottawa,  where  he  obtained  a  job  of  work  on  which  he  was  to  com- 
mence on  a  certain  day.     On  the  morning  specified,  he  proceeded  to  the  print- 


504  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

ing  office  and  prepared  to  commence  operations.  In  the  mean  time,  the  other 
boys  rolled  up  their  sleeves  with  like  intentions,  and  Mr.  Morgan  noticed  their 
arms  were  sore  from  their  wrists  to  their  shoulders  ;  and  being  somewhat  inquis- 
itive, inquired  the  reason  of  the  ''raw  "  appearance.  He  was  informed  that  it 
was  what  was  called  the  prairie  scratches ;  and  his  informant,  with  frequent 
passages  of  the  finger  nails  over  the  afflicted  parts,  which  included  not  only  the 
arms  but  all  parts  of  the  body,  more  expressive  than  language,  continued: 
"  We've  all  got  it.  and  you'll  have  it,  but  you'll  get  used  to  it  after  a  while." 
Mr.  Morgan  thought  he  had  seen  enough  of  the  prairie,  and  without  even  offer- 
ing his  hand,  said  •'  good  by  "  and  took  the  first  boat  for  St.  Louis.  He  felt 
itchy  for  several  days,  and  could  scarcely  convince  himself  that  he  had  not 
caught  it.  After  eighteen  years  more  of  tramping,  he  returned  to  the  scene  of 
his  adventure,  and  soon  after  settled  in  this  town.  On  the  organization  of  the 
town,  in  1858,  he  was  elected  the  first  Supervisor.  He  now,  at  the  age  of  76, 
resides  at  Long  Point  Station. 

We  have  reliable  information  in  regard  to  the  first  school  taught  in  the  town- 
ship. Our  informant  was  then  a  young  unmarried  man ;  and,  though  not  one 
of  the  Directors,  took  a  very  deep  interest  in  the  school  and  visited  it  frequently, 
in  the  evening,  just  after  school  was  out. . 

There  is  no  doubt,  then,  that  the  first  school  was  taught  in  an  old  log  cabin, 
on  Section  4,  and  that  the  teacher's  name  was  Jane  Devens,  a  relative  of 
Andrew  McDowell.  Our  informant  is  certain  that  it  was  in  the  year  1843 — 
just  two  years  after  he  came  out  from  New  York.  School  was  kept  here,  by 
various  parties,  for  two  or  three  years,  when  a  building  was  erected  for  church 
and  school  purposes,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Absalom  Hallam's.  This  house, 
like  all  others  before  1855,  was  erected  on  the  mutual  plan.  It  was  a  small 
frame,  and  was  used  for  church,  school  and  all  other  purposes,  for  a  number  of 
years. 

The  first  church  building  erected  in  the  township  was  by  the  Evangelical 
denomination,  about  fourteen  years  ago,  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,800, 

The  finest  church  building  in  the  township  is  that  erected  by  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Society,  in  1872.  It  is  located  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  town- 
ship. The  building,  complete,  cost  about  $6,000,  and  excepting  perhaps  one 
is  the  best  of  its  kind  in  the  countv  west  of  the  Vermilion  River. 

Three  years  ago,  the  Protestant  Methodists  completed  a  neat  little  house  of 
worship,  in  the  middle  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  township.  The  cost  of  the 
building  was  about  |1,200. 

The  Lutherans  have  just  completed,  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,  a  very  handsome 
church  house,  near  0.  B.  Wheeler's. 

Besides  the  ones  already  mentioned,  the  Methodists  have  a  society  organ- 
ized at  the  village  of  Long  Point.    A  room  is  hired  and  regular  services  are  held. 

As  before  stated,  in  1858  the  township  of  Long  Point  was  organized.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  the  persons  elected  to  the  respective  offices  :    J.  P. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


505 


Morgan,  Supervisor;  E.  C.  Alien,  Clerli  :  0.  B.  Wheeler,  Assessor:  James 
I  Worlds,  Collector  ;  Thomas  Mills,  Overseer  of  the  Poor :  E.  L.  Wheeler  and 
I  Amos  Roberts,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;    James  Worlds  and  William  Werner, 

Constables ;  George  Stilson,  C.  Zielman  and  A.  J.  Evans,  Commissioners  of 
fj  Highways ;  E.  L.  Wheeler  and  Jeremiah  McDowell,  Pound  Masters. 

The  following  are  the  principal  officers  elected  at  each  succeeding  town 

meeting : 


II  Date. 

I 

1859 
*  1860 
!  1861 
I  1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 


Supervisor. 


C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 

L.  Stratton. 
L.  Stnitton. 
Chubbuck.. 
L.  Stratton. 
L.  Stratton. 
L.  Stratton. 

Stratton. 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 

C.  Allen 


Clerk. 


Assessor. 


Collector. 


J.  Bosserman. 


A.  J.  Bosserman E.  L.  Stratton.. 

M.  Van  Fleet James  Worlds. 

E.  L  Stratton 

E.  L.  Stratton 

O.  Chubbuck 

Ulysses  Howell 

Ulysses  Howell 

Stephen  Coleman.... 

S.  1).  Carson , 

S.  D.  Carson 

R.  S.  Ensign 

S.  Coleman 

S.  Coleman 

S.  Coleman 

R.  S.  Ensign 

A.  .1.  Bosserman.... 

S.  D.  Carson 

A.  J.   Bossermaii.... 
J.  N.  Markle 


A.  .).  McDowell 

A.  .J.  McDowell 

A.  .1.  McDowell 

Thomas  Mills 

Thomas  Mills 

A.  J.  McDowell 

A.  J.  McDowell 

A.  .1.  Ewart 

Thomas  Mills 

L.  .J.  Halstead 

Thomas  Mills 

.Joseph   Bayne 

Thomas  Mills 

S.  Coleman 

T.  B.  Ramsey 

Andrew  Jacobs 

F.  L.  Saxton 


James  Worlds. 
James  Worlds. 
William  Verner. 
Henry  Roberts. 
Henry  Roberts. 
Aaron  Zielman. 
Milton  Bayne. 
A.  J.  Ewart. 
John  Argubright. 
William  H.  Mills 
Ulysses  Howell. 
I.  T.  Ramsey. 
A.  J.  Opdyke. 
James    Argubright. 
Joseph  Bayne. 
A.  J.  Bosserman. 
R.  S.  Ensign. 
Joel  Hakes. 
W.  S.  Ramsey. 


The  officers  elect  at  the  present  time  are :  A.  J.  Bosserman,  Supervisor ;  A. 
A.  Graham,  Clerk  ;  J.  B.  Phillips,  Assessor  ;  E.  L.  Stratton,  Collector  ;  S. 
D.  Carson  and  A.  M.  Taggart,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  James  Bradbury  and 
Joel  Hakes,  ConstEtjbles  ;  H.  Verner,  Isaac  Ramsey  and  A.  J.  Ewart,  Road 
Commissioners ;   S.  D.  Carson,  School  Treasurer. 

An  idea  of  the  present  condition  of  schools  may  be  gained  from  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  the  Township  Treasurer's  report  for  1877  : 

Number  of  schools 12 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled 263 

Number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 404 

Number  of  persons  under  21 633 

Number  of  teachers 1^ 

Amount  paid  teachers |2,635 

Whole  amount  paid  out 3,289 

Amount  of  township  fund 2,635 

VILLAGE    OF    LONG    POINT. 

The  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad  was  completed  through  this 
township  in  1872,  and  immediately  there  sprang  up  all  along  the  line  at  the 
distance  of  a  few  miles  apart,  new  towns,  among  which  was  the  village  named. 
The  Burvey  was  made  by  A.  C.  Huetson,  County  Surveyor,  for  F.  Plumb, 
Samuel  Sillik  and  A.  J.  McDowell,  from  parts  of  Sections  4,  5  and  '.>. 


506  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

As  soon  as  it  was  settled  that  a  station  was  to  be  located  here,  this  became 
a  busy  point  indeed.  Lots  were  bought,  houses  were  built,  stores  opened,  shops 
erected,  and,  within  less  than  a  year,  almost  every  kind  of  business  carried  on 
in  a  town  a  dozen  years  old  was  flourishinof. 

The  first  building  erected  was  the  one  afterward  occupied  by  Hiram  and 
Wesley  Grable,  of  Wenona,  as  a  store  room.  John  Gossett  followed  soon  after 
with  a  portion  of  the  hotel  to  be  used  as  a  boarding  house.  The  first  dwelling 
was  put  up  by  Peter  Bennet. 

The  road  at  first  refused  to  make  a  station  of  Ancona ;  and,  consequently, 
some  of  its  best  institutions  were  removed  to  this  point,  among  which  were  Amos 
Bosserman  and  the  Masonic  Lodge.  Bossermau  was  made  agent  of  the  road  at 
this  place,  and  still  remains  in  the  position.  The  Lodge,  previously  known  as 
Ancona  Lodge,  was  removed  the  year  following  the  establishment  of  the  town ; 
and  in  1877,  its  name  was  changed  to  Long  Point  Lodge.  This  Lodge  was 
organized  in  October,  1866.  The  first  officers  were :  Abel  Bradley,  W.  M.; 
0.  Chubbuck,  S.  W.;  J.  C.  Mills,  J.  W.;  J.  B.  Phillips,  Treas.;  A.  J.  Bosser- 
man, Sec;  E.  L.  Stratton  and  J.  C.  Fulton.  Deacons;  and  I.  D.  Bullock, 
Tiler.  The  present  officers  are  A.  J.  Bosserman,  W.  M.;  S.  D.  Carson,  S.  W.; 
E.  L.  Stratton,  J.  W.,  A.  M.  Taggart,  Sec;  Wm.  Miller,  Treas. 

The  township  of  Long  Point  bore  an  honorable  part  in  the  struggle  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union.  The  promptness  with  which  volunteers  flocked  to 
the  standard  of  the  country  was  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  other  community, 
and  several  of  them  sacrificed  their  lives  in  their  eff'orts  to  protect  it. 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 

This  is  one  of  the  latest  organized  townships  in  the  county.  It  was 
sparsely  settled  until  the  commencement  of  the  war,  and  from  the  date  of  its 
earliest  settlement  was  attached  to  Odell  for  judicial  purpose.  It  remained  in 
this  connection  until  February  2,  1864,  when,  upon  a  petition  from  twenty-four 
of  its  citizens,  it  was  set  off"  into  a  township  by  itself,  and  named  "  Union." 
As  a  Congressional  township,  it  is  Town  29,  Range  7. 

The  earliest  settler  in  its  limits  was  Mr.  John  Harbison,  who,  with  his 
family,  came  from  Pennsylvania  in  1856,  and  settled  on  land  belonging  to  Mr. 
Alex.  Campbell,  a  native  of  the  same  State,  and  a  large  land  owner  in  the 
township.  He  knew  Mr.  Harbison  in  his  Eastern  home,  and,  offering  him 
liberal  encouragement  to  come  West,  induced  him  to  try  his  fortune  in  the  Prairie 
State.  That  same  season,  a  Mr.  Scott  located  in  the  township,  and  Mr.  Joseph 
Walton,  with  his  family,  came  from  Boston,  Mass.,  and  settled  near  them. 
These  three  families  Avere  the  pioneers  of  Union  Township.  They  were  the 
first  to  subdue  it  from  the  hand  of  nature  to  its  present  condition,  and  the 
leaders  in  its  cultivation.  The  last  mentioned,  Islr.  Walton,  sold  out  in  1864, 
and  returned  to  the  East.     When  they  came  to  this  part  of  Livingston  County, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  507 

not  an  inhabitant  dwelt  near  them,  and  not  a  road  was  laid  out  to  mark  their 
way.  They  found  the  township  a  beautiful  undulating  prairie,  possessed  of  an 
excellent  soil,  and  traversed  by  iwo  small  creeks.  In  many  places  large  sloughs 
were  found,  which,  since  the  settlement  of  the  township,  have  been  ditched, 
and,  in  many  cases,  are  now  valuable  pasture  lands.  The  township  represents 
now  an  unbroken  series  of  excellent  farms,  all  in  an  advanced  state  of  cultiva- 
tion, and  all  showing  in  a  remarkable  degree  the  rapid  progress  of  its  settlers. 

Hardly  had  these  three  families  got  settled,  when  they  were  joined  by 
\Yestly  and  Fletcher  Hedenburg,  who  purchased  a  section  of  land  on  which 
Fletcher  settled,  and  on  which  he  remained  in  the  pursuit  of  farming  until  his 
death  in  1868  or  1869.  Westly  was  then  a  resident  of  St.  Louis,  and  a  dealer 
in  real  estate.  He  never  lived  in  the  township,  coming  occasionally  to  attend 
to  his  interests  here  and  to  visit  his  brother.  He  is  now  living  in  Chicago. 
William  and  Hugh  Thompson  were  also  land  owners  at  that  date. 

The  first  settler  of  1857  was  Mr.  Levi  Dell,  who  came  with  his  familv 
from  Williamsburg,  Penn.,  and  opened  a  farm.  When  the  war  broke  out,  he 
enlisted  in  the  army  of  the  Union,  and  in  one  of  the  engagements  was  severely 
wounded.  After  his  return  he  sold  his  property  and  removed  to  Chicago. 
Mr.  Joseph  Dell  settled  the  same  year.  His  wife  died  the  next  year,  and  is 
believed  to  be  the  first  death  in  the  limits  of  the  township.  Her  grave  was 
by  some  means  unmarked,  and  is  now  unknown  and  trodden  over  by  the  foot 
of  the  plowman  as  he  yearly  turns  the  lea.  In  1858,  Mr.  Arthur  Marshall  came 
from  Belmont  County,  Ohio.  He  soon  after  married  one  of  Mr.  Thompson's 
daughters,  and  became  a  resident  of  the  township. 

The  following  Summer,  Mr.  Samuel  Hoke  brought  his  wife  and  three  chil- 
dren from  Blair  County,  Penn..  and  located  on  his  present  farm. 

While  a  resident  of  the  Keystone  State  and  a  mechanic  in  his  native  town^ 
he  became  acquainted  with  the  owner  of  much  of  the  land  east  of  Odell,  in 
Livingston  County,  and,  desirous  of  seeking  a  location  and  an  avocation  more- 
conducive  to  his  health,  was  induced  to  try  the  West,  and  became  a  farmer. 
After  selling  his  property  there,  like,  others  of  his  day,  he  took  the  cars  for 
Chicago,  and  from  there  to  his  newly  chosen  Western  home.  Emigrants  of  his 
day  were  not  obliged,  like  their  predecessors,  to  come  West  with  ox  or  horse 
teams,  drawing  the  huge  emigrant  wagon,  but  could  come  by  a  much  swifter 
and  easier  way — the  railroad.  While  many  followed  the  example  of  their  ances- 
tors, in  their  western  journeys,  none  of  them  were  compelled  to,  and  only  adopted 
that  mode  of  migration  from  choice. 

Mr.  Hoke  states  that  on  his  arrival,  Odell  contained  a  small  grocery,  the 
station  house,  and  probably  a  small  shop  or  two.  The  storekeeper  was  Peter 
Lundgren,  still  a  resident  of  Odell.  There  was  no  road  out  to  the  new  settle- 
ment, each  one  going  in  as  direct  a  line  across  the  prairie  to  his  home  as  the 
nature  of  the  country  allowed.  It  was  nearly  twenty  miles  to  the  east  before 
a  habitation  was  encountered ;    while  to  the  south  it  was  nearly  eight  miles 


508  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY'. 

before  a  similar  structure  was  to  be  seen.  In  order  to  obtain  a  certain  road  to 
Odell,  Mr.  Hoke  drove  there  with  a  heavy  wagon  while  the  ground  was  quite 
wet,  and  thereby  made  a  track  that  remained  plainly  apparent  some  time.  This 
track  the  others  gradually  began  to  follow,  and  the  first  road  from  Odell  to 
Union  Township  was  established.  As  many  of  the  first  residents  were  liable  to 
get  lost  on  their  way  to  Pontiac,  there  being  no  road  there,  Mr.  Hedenberg  took 
his  breaking  plow  and  made  a  furrow  directly  from  the  settlement  to  the  county 
seat.  By  following  this,  the  settlers  soon  had  a  road  quite  plainly  marked,  and 
which  remained  in  use  until  the  laying  out  of  roads  on  the  section  lines. 
This  road  was  a  matter  of  considerable  importance  to  the  earliest  settlers,  as 
they  were  compelled  to  go  to  Pontiac  to  mill,  and  to  attend  to  any  necessary 
legal  business  incident  to  the  purchase  of  their  farms,  or  business  affairs.  Odell 
was  their  post  office  and  usual  trading  point,  although  some  preferred  D wight, 
then  a  small  place. 

Early  in  the  Autumn  of  1859  Mrs.  Walton  opened,  in  her  house,  the  first 
school  in  the  neighborhood,  and  conducted  it  successfully  a  few  months.  On 
Oct.  20th,  Mrs.  Hoke  began  a  similar  undertaking  in  her  residence.  Mrs.  Wal- 
ton's school  was  paid  by  subscription,  the  common  price  being  $1.50  per  scholar. 
Mrs.  Hoke  taught  her  school  six  months,  in  compliance  with  the  law,  which,  at 
that  time,  required  that  number  of  months  to  entitle  the  district  to  any  public 
money.  She  received  $20  per  month — $120  in  all — and,  what  would  delight 
many  of  us  now,  received  her  pay  in  gold.  She  was  required  to  teach  six  days 
in  the  week  ;  and  states  now,  that  she  did  all  her  house  work  mornings  and 
evenings,  and  was  always  punctually  at  her  post.  This  was  the  first  public 
school  in  the  township;  and  taking  into  account  all  its  inconveniences,  was 
(juite  a  success.  Mrs.  Hoke  relates,  that  while  attending  to  her  school  duties, 
one  day,  she  was  stopped  by  a  knock  at  the  door,  which,  ,when  opened,  disclosed 
to  her  view  a  man,  shivering  with  the  cold,  and  apparently  suffering  from  its 
effects.  He  inquired  if  he  could  bring,  his  family,  consisting  of  eleven  persons, 
to  the  fire  to  warm.  It  was  a  bitterly  cold  day,  and  the  family  had  been,  for 
some  time,  traveling  over  the  cheerless  prairie ;  and  as  they  were  rough  looking 
and  weary  from  exposure  to  the  weather,  no  one  would  extend  to  them  a  hos- 
pitable hand.  Mrs.  Hoke,  however,  immediately  granted  their  request ;  took 
all  in  and  warmed  them,  and  furnished  them  a  bountiful  dinner.  They  were 
exceedingly  grateful  for  this  kindness;  and  to  render  some  equivalent,  the 
stranger,  who  proved  to  be  Dr.  Wild,  and  on  his  way  to  his  claim,  left  a  colt 
almost  old  enough  to  work,  for  Mr.  Hoke,  refusing  his  note  for  it,  telling  him 
his  word  was  enough,  and  as  he  desired  a  horse,  to  take  this  one  and  pay  when- 
ever he  could.  It  is  worth  while  to  mention,  that  when  Mrs.  Hoke  finished  her 
school,  part  of  the  money  was  used  to  pay  for  the  colt !  The  doctor,  after 
thoroughly  warming  himself  and  family,  went  on,  a  most  grateful  and  much 
encouraged  man.  This  incident,  like  many  others  of  a  similar  nature,  shows 
something  of  the  discomforts  endured  at  that  date,  and  the  dangers  encountered 
in  traveling  over  a  new  country. 


--■.ft-'.  ; 


ONEOFTHEPIONEEffS  OF  READING  TOWNSHIP 
iVHO  SETTLED  IN  AUG Jd 33 


^,^,lVfcJWl»^  ^- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  511 

The  Spring  after  Mrs.  Hoke's  school  closed,  Miss  Ellen  Craig  was  employed 
to  teach  a  Summer  school,  and  continued  in  Mr.  Hoke's  house.  While  this 
school  was  going  on,  the  residents  were  erecting  a  school  house,  to  be  ready  for 
the  Winter  term.  They  had  experienced  some  difficulty  with  non-resident  land 
owners  concerning  taxing  their  lands,  but  had  carried  the  day,  and  organized 
themselves  into  a  school  district  and  were  ready  to  open  a  school  by  the  time 
frost  came.  The  election  for  School  Trustees  was  held  in  the  Spring  of  1860, 
Mr.  Hoke  thinks.  Frank  Whipple  built  a  house  on  Dr.  Brown's  land.^  about 
this  time.  He  and  the  doctor  came  from  La  Salle  County.  The  doctor  was 
a  large  land  owner,  and,  consequently,  opposed  to  taxation  to  support  schools 
from  which  he  derived  no  immediate  benefit,  and  seemed  to  forget  that  educat- 
ing any  persons  near  property  belonging  to  him  made  that  property  more  secure. 
The  school  element  prevailed,  as  we  have  mentioned,  and  that  Winter  the  first 
public  school  house  was  opened  in  the  bounds  of  the  township.  Arthur  Mar- 
shall, James  Hamilton  and  Mr.  Hoke  were  elected  the  first  School  Trustees, 
and  before  the  year  had  gone  by  another  district  was  formed,  and  soon  another, 
and  so  on,  until,  when  Union  Township  was  formed  from  Odell.  nine  districts 
were  made,  in  a  part  of  which  houses  were  at  once  built.  The  last  school  house 
in  the  township  was  built  in  1876,  and  school  opened  in  it  that  Winter.  They 
are  well  sustained,  are  conducted  about  seven  months  during  the  year,  often 
longer,  and  are  a  credit  to  the  township. 

Before  the  school  houses  were  built,  religious  meetings  were  held  in  the 
houses  of  the  settlers,  generally  at  Mr.  Hedenberg's.  When  this  was  not  the 
case,  especially  after  the  roads  were  opened,  and  during  that  part  of  the  year 
when  they  were  in  good  repair,  many  went  to  Odell  and  Dwight  to  attend 
church.  As  the  school  houses  were  erected,  in  many  of  them  Sunday  schools 
were  opened  and  sustained  during  the  Summer  months.  This  practice  was 
kept  up  until  about  1866,  when  the  Presbyterians  living  in  the  township  con- 
cluded to  organize  a  church,  and  thereby  bring  preaching  nearer  to  them.  Rev. 
G.  S.  Bascom  often  came  from  Odell,  afoot,  to  the  school  house  where  the  congre- 
gation met,  preached  to  them,  and  returned  the  same  evening.  Old  Dr.  Bettle- 
heim,  a  man  who  spoke  several  languages,  and  who  at  one  time  was  interpreter 
to  the  United  States  Legation  at  Japan,  often  came  to  the  little  church  and 
ministered  to  them.  Although  Presbyterian  in  name,  it  was  composed  of 
members  of  several  denominations  united  under  that  name.  Rev.  Mr. 
Hargrave,  a  former  missionary  to  India,  was  one  of  the  first  pastors  after 
the  church  was  formally  organized.  Rev.  Dr.  Rabe  is  the  present  Pastor, 
the  congregation  numbering  over  one  hundred  members,  and  still  using  the 
school  house. 

The  German  Catholics,  formerly  attending  church  in  Odell  and  Dwight,  in 
1876  organized  a  church  in  Union  Township,  and  soon  after  built  a  neat  frame 
church.  The  congregation  numbers  upward  of  one  hundred  members,  and  at 
present  does  not  sustain  regular  services. 

R 


512  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  general  reader  may  be  at  a  loss  to  know  why  the  lands  comprising  thi» 
township  were  so  long  allowed  to  remain  unoccupied.  The  chief  reason  lies  in  the 
fact  that,  until  after  the  completion  of  the  railroads  through  this  part  of  the  State, 
no  market  nearer  than  Chicago  could  be  had  to  sell  farm  products.  Another 
reason  was  this  :  the  township  lay  in  the  canal  grant  of  lands,  and,  in  some 
instances,  land  was  not  offered  for  sale  until  after  1850.  These  lands  at  first, 
in  this  township,  sold  for  $6.00  and  $7.00  per  acre,  on  long  time.  They  rose 
rapidly  in  value,  however,  and  soon  brought  three  times  those  prices.  When 
the  first  sale  of  the  school  section  was  made,  one-half  sold  for  only  about  $8.00 
per  acre.  A  few  years  after,  the  remainder  brought  $24  per  acre.  All  im- 
proved land  is  now  worth  ft'om  $40  to  $60  per  acre. 

The  surface  is  sufficiently  rolling  to  prevent  a  failure  from  excessive  rains,  or 
from  drought.  Good  water  is  easily  obtained  at  a  moderate  depth,  and  is  gen- 
erally used  in  watering  stock  instead  of  the  surface  slough  water,  not  always  to 
be  depended  upon  in  dry  seasons. 

When  the  township  was  organized  in  1864  active  measures  were  at  onc& 
taken  to  secure  good  roads.  Mr.  James  C  Brown  was  elected  Supervisor  at 
the  Spring  election,  and  before  long  the  benefit  from  this  form  of  government 
from  that  of  an  adjunct  of  Odell  Township  was  quite  apparent.  From  that 
time  forward,  the  progress  has  been  strongly  marked,  until  Union  Township, 
although  one  of  the  youngest  in  the  county,  is  now  one  of  the  best. 

In  politics  the  people  are  pretty  evenly  divided.  During  the  war  they 
were  strongly  in  favor  of  the  Union,  and  gave  many  a  brave  -soldier  to  the 
defense  of  the  country.  As  these  generally  enlisted  in  Dwight,  Odell  or  Pon- 
tiac,  they  were  credited  to  those  places.  The  residents  of  the  township  will, 
however,  know  them  each  by  name,  and  in  the  War  Record  of  the  county,  pub- 
lished elsewhere  in  these  pages,  can  readily  trace  each  one  in  his  life  in  the 
army. 

We  have  stated  the  township  was  formed  in  February,  1864,  The  elec- 
tions have  been  regularly  held  each  year  since,  the  township  making  no  changes 
in  its  limits.  The  present  officers  are:  Assessor,  Edward  Collins;  Clerk, 
William  Trecker ;  Supervisor,  W.  E.  Thompson  ;  Road  Commissioners,  John 
Fulton  and  J.  E.  C.  EbersoU  ;  Collector,  Peter  Trecker;  William  A.  Hutch- 
ins  and  J.  A.  Jones,  Justices  of  the  Peace. 

EPPARD'S  POINT  TOWNSHIP. 

Town  27  nortlf,  Range  5  east,  lies  directly  south  of  Pontiac,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  irrigated  townships  in  the  county.  Rook's  Creek  traverses  the  west- 
ern side  of  the  township,  Turtle  Creek  the  center,  and  Hickory  the  eastern 
portion  These  all  find  an  outlet  in  the  Vermilion  River,  which  flows  near  the 
northeast  corner,  ,A11  these  creeks  are  more  or  less  skirted  by  timber,  and  all 
of  them  were  the  scene  of  the  first  settlements  in  the  township.  The  early 
residents  found  here  material  for  the  erection  of  their  cabins,  fuel  and  a  natural 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  513 

protector  from  the  cold  of  Winter.  Around  their  primitive  cabin  homes  clus- 
tered a  memory  fraught  with  incidents  of  the  past,  over  which  our  grand- 
sires  and  grandams  love  to  linger. 

Excellent  timber  grew  along  the  banks  of  the  streams,  and  occasionally  in 
groves,  in  the  early  days  of  its  settlement,  and  afforded  a  considerable  source  of 
revenue  to  those  who  cared  to  cut  it,  construct  mills  and  saw  it  into  lumber. 
The  first  persons  engaging  in  this  enterprise  were  nearly  always  in  advance  of 
civilization,  yet  a  factor  in  the  history  of  the  country.  They  were  not  at  all 
particular  in  ascertaining  whether  the  timber  land  was  entered  or  whether  the 
General  Government  was  paid  for  it.  A  kind  of  general  disregard  exists  in 
the  minds  of  many  people  concerning  the  property  of  governments  or  of  larore 
corporations.  This  spirit  was  largely  prevalent  among  those  who  despoiled  the 
forests  of  their  choicest  trees,  and  who  thereby  rendered  the  life  of  the  early 
actual  settlers  more  difficult. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  country  were  generally  denominated  "squatters." 
They  were  said  to  "  squat  "  on  any  piece  of  land  that  suited  their  fancy.  If 
they  remained  until  the  land  came  into  market,  and  went  to  the  land  office  to 
enter  it  legally,  they  were  always  allowed  the  first  choice  and  chance  in  secur- 
ing the  claim  they  had  chosen.  It  was  unsafe  for  speculators  to  purchase  and 
endeavor  to  hold  such  a  claim.  The  squatters  were  a  kind  of  law  unto  them- 
selves, and  dealt  with  such  persons  in  a  summary  manner,  seldom  if  ever  allow- 
ing them  to  occupy  a  claim  thus  obtained.  Tliese  measures,  vigorous  as  they 
were,  almost  always  secured  them  the  homes  for  which  they  had  labored,  and 
considering  the  times  and  the  known  greed  and  rapacity  of  the  speculators, 
the  measures  may  be  looked  on  as  just. 

The  first  residents  of  Eppard's  Point  were  the  s(|uatters.  Of  those  known 
to  belong  to  this  class,  living  in  this  township,  were  the  Eppard,  Haves,  Pen- 
die,  Brock,  Suttle  and  Anderson  families,  but  one  of  whom  now  remains.  Just 
when  they  settled  cannot  now  be  accurately  stated.  It  is  known  to  be  before 
the  land  came  into  market,  and  was  probably  about  the  year  1834  or  1835. 
When  the  township  was  organized  in  the  Winter  of  1857-58,  it  received  the 
u?me  Eppard's  Point  from  one  of  these  families,  supposed  to  be  the  earliest 
settler  here.  Of  the  heads  of  the  families  named,  Eppard,  Suttle,  Hayes  and 
Tuttle  have  moved  away. 

These  persons  were  all  squatters.  Those  who  moved  away  sold  their  claims 
to  others  who  have  since  improved  them.  When  they  came  Pontiac  was  hardly 
known  ;  Bloomington  was  a  primitive  frontier  town  ;  Ottawa  was  the  principal 
trading  point  for  this  part  of  Illinois,  while  Chicago  was  one  of  its  chief  mar- 
kets. They  are  all  who  are  now  known  to  have  located  prior  to  1850  ;  and  many 
of  them  made  but  a  short  stay. 

In  the  Fall  of  that  year.  Judge  Eli  Myer  located  in  the  western  part  of  the 
township  on  land  previously  entered  by  some  of  these  squatters.  He  lived  to 
become  a  very  prominent  man  in  the  township,  and  held  several  offices  of  trust 


514  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

in  it.  He  was  one  of  the  Associate  Justices  of  the  county  several  years  before 
the  present  system  of  township  organization  was  adopted.  His  death  occurred 
some  years  since,  one  of  his  last  acts  being  to  give  $600  from  his  property  to 
aid  in  the  erection  of  the  Ocoya  Baptist  Church.  He  was  always  a  firm  friend 
of  education  and  religion,  and  was  the  first  teacher  in  the  township,  and  the 
first  School  Treasurer  and  Clerk  after  its  organization. 

The  next  Spring,  John  Powell  and  Frank  and  Samuel  Uraphenour  located. 
They,  like  Judge  Myer,  settled  near  the  timber.  Mr.  Powell  made  his  home  on 
Section  '29,  near  a  fine  spring.  Here  he  lived  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he 
sold  and  came  to  Pontiac  Township,  where  he  now  resides.  Samuel  Umphen- 
our  yet  resides  in  the  township.  J'rank  Umphenour  died  some  years  ago.  The 
next  year  after  these  came  Squire  Payne,  John  Umphenour,  Alexander  and 
John  Morton,  Thos.  B.  Craycraft  and  Samuel  and  John  St.  John  settled.  Of 
these  'Squire  Payne  is  yet  on  his  original  claim;  John  Umphenour  is  dead; 
John  Morton  is  still  living  on  his  farm  ;  Alexander  Morton  removed  to  Pontiac, 
where  he  died  a  few  years  ago ;  Thos.  B.  Craycraft  is  dead ;  Samuel  St.  John  is 
now  residing  in  Chenoa,  while  John  St.  John,  his  brother,  is  numbered  among 
those  who  have  gone  to  that  bourn  from  which  no  one  returns. 

During  the  year  185o,  probably  in  the  Spring  and  Summer,  D.  W.  Young, 
Washington  Stafford,  Addison  Muzzy,  Samuel  Freeman,  Wm.  Vickroy,  Wm. 
Griflfith  and  J.  H.  Turman,  joined  the  other  settlers  and  became  residents. 

The  next  year  marks  the  opening  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road and  a  consequent  rush  to  all  parts  of  the  county  was  the  result.  Eppard's  : 
Point  partook  of  the  inflation  of  emigration,  and  filled  so  lapidly  that  to  enu-  i 
merate  all  who  came  would  be  a  repetition  of  names  given  in  the  biographical  i 
part  of  this  book.  Of  those  who  came  in  1853,  Messrs.  Young,  Vickroy  and  i 
Griffith  moved  away.  Muzzy  and  Staftbrd  ai'e  yet  residents,  and  Freeman  and  > 
Turman  are  dead. 

Among  those  who  located  in  1854,  Asbury  Minier  may  well  be  mentioned. 

The  completion  of  the  railroad  in  the  Summer  of  that  year  gave  the  town,  or  , 
settlement  it  may  better  be  termed,  a  post  ofiice,  near  where  the  first  school  house  *l 
was  built,  just  below  where  the  railroad  crosses  Rook's  Creek,  which  name  the ' 
oflice  received,  and  was  continued  until  the  establishment  of  Ocoya. 

This  village  was  laid  out  by  Jonathan  Duff"  and  A.  W.  Cowan,  then  partners  ?1" 
in  the  banking  business  in  Pontiac.  The  land  where  the  village  is  situated  was 
entered  by  Peter  A.  Badeau,  in  June,  1854.  After  passing  through  the  hands 
of  several  owners,  it  was  purchased  by  Charles  Roadnight,  then  General  Freight 
Agent  of  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  who  soon  after  erected  a 
small  warehouse  and  depot. 

Part  of  the  warehouse  was  used  as  a  store,  Alexander  Martin  generally 
attending  to  the  business  of  Agent,  Postmaster  and  Storekeeper.  D.  S.  Shire- 
man  and  E.  M.  Babbitt  began  about  this  time  to  buy  grain,  and  were  owners 
of  the  stock  of  goods  in  the  little  store. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  515 

It  was  during  the  Winter  of  1858-59,  that  Reuben  Macy  came  to  the 
"Corners,"  as  the  village  was  then  often  termed,  and  taught  the  school,  and 
with  others  in  the  community  began  to  discuss  the  feasibility  of  getting  a 
town  here.  He  had  been  an  early  settler  in  Nebraska  Township,  from  whence 
he  moved  to  a  farm  near  Pontiac,  where  he  was  living  when  he  came  to  Ocoya 
to  teach.  Nothing  further  was  done,  however,  and  the  town  remained  at  a 
stand-still  nearly  ten  years.  A  few  goods  were  kept  in  the  little  store,  a  few 
bushels  of  grain  annually  purchased,  and  the  mail  was  daily  put  oif  to  the  few 
who  made  this  their  post  office. 

'  Leaving  the  village,  if  it  may  be  called  such,  we  will  return  to  the  other 
part^  of  the  township,  which  we  left  just  entering  on  the  year  1854. 

Soon  after  'Squire  Payne's  arrival,  sickness  appeared  in  a  malignant  form 
among  his  children,  and  before  long  four  of  them  were  consigned  to  any  early 
grave.  They  were  buried  near  the  creek,  on  a  beautiful  knoll,  which,  in  after 
years  became  a  general  burying  ground,  and  which  is  yet  used. 

The  year  before  the  advent  of  the  railroad,  the  settlers  determined  to  erect 
a  school  house,  for  well  they  knew  such  an  insitution  among  tliem  was  well 
worth  its  price.  They  got  together,  as  all  pioneers  did  for  such  occasions,  cut 
and  notched  logs  for  its  construction,  and  on  an  appointed  day,  all  the  settlers 
on  the  creek  came  to  assist  in  the  raising.  It  was  covered  with  ''  shakes,"  held 
on  by  weight  poles,  had  a  strong  wooden  door,  a  good  floor,  and,  for  those  days, 
what  was  to  many  a  luxury,  had  a  good  box  stove,  for  warmth.  Mr.  Eli  Myer 
taught  school  in  this  log  structure,  now  a  worn-out  affair,  on  the  farm  of  D.  J. 
Taylor,  where  it  passed  away  its  days  as  an  out-house  for  cattle.  The  school 
continued  for  three  months,  and  though  the  first  in  a  school  house  in  the  town- 
ship, was  the  second  school  therein,  Mr.  Myer  having  taught  a  few  months  the 
previous  Winter  in  his  own  cabin. 

The  log  school  house,  with  its  slab  seats  and  slab  desks,  continued  alone 
until  about  1856,  when  a  school  house  was  built  near  the  Rook's  Creek  Rail- 
road bridge,  the  first  under  the  district  system,  and  here  Mr.  Reuben  Macy 
taught  school  the  next  Winter. 

Another  was  also  built,  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township,  about  tliis 
date,  for  a  few  families  had  located  here  and  had  succeeded  in  getting  a  school 
house  built. 

In  this  part  of  the  township,  Thomas  Virgin,  S.  P.  Garner,  Thomas  Car- 
son and  Nelson  Guthrie  were  among  the  earliest  settlers.  Mr.  Virgin  was  a 
native  of  Indiana,  and  remained  here  until  1865,  when  he  sold  his  farm  to  W. 
H.  Wagner  and  removed  to  La  Salle  County.  Wagner  is  still  living  on  this 
fai-m.  Garner  has  also  removed,  having  sold  his  farm  to  W.  T.  Russell.  Car- 
son went  to  Missouri,  while  Guthrie,  of  all  these,  is  the  only  one  still  living  on 
his  first  claim. 

These  residents  erected  a  school  house  about  the  time  mentioned,  which  they 
occupied  both  for  educational  and  religious  purposes  as  long  as  it  could  be  kept 


516  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

in  repair  and  was  large  enough  to  accommodate  the  growing  youthful  popula- 
tion. When  more  room  was  demanded,  a  comfortable  brick  house  was  erected 
in  this  part  of  the  township,  which,  for  a  while,  was  large  enough  to  accommo- 
date all  who  desired  to  attend  from  this  part  of  the  township.  After  the  organ- 
ization of  the  township  it  was  assigned  to  District  No.  6,  where  it  still  fulfills 
its  mission.     It  is  the  only  brick  school  house  in  the  township. 

The  township  organization  went  into  effect  in  the  Spring  of  1858.  From 
the  time  of  the  building  of  the  railroad  until  this  date,  the  township  had  filled 
very  rapidly  with  settlers,  and  at  the  Spring  election,  held  on  April  6th,  the 
highest  number  of  votes  cast  for  any  one  candidate  was  61  (for  S.  P.  Coldren 
as  Assessor),  which  showed  a  population  of  about  three  hundred  and  fifty 
persons.  At  this  election,  Eli  Myer  was  elected  Supervisor,  receiving  40  votes ; 
W.  C.  Babcock,  Clerk,  45  votes :  S.  P.  Coldren,  Assessor.  61  votes ;  William 
Perry,  Collector,  40  votes ;  T.  P.  Virgin,  S.  T.  Turner  and  S.  L.  Payne,  Com- 
missioners of  Highways,  the  first  receiving  56  votes,  the  second  60  and  the  third 
59 :  J.  A.  Wright  and  0.  P.  Cray  craft.  Constables,  receiving  51  and  38  votes 
respectively ;  and  E.  B.  Persons,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  54  votes.  As  it  may 
be  of  some  interest  to  the  readers  of  these  pages,  we  append  the  names  of  the 
Supervisors  and  Clerks  from  that  year  until  now,  giving,  where  the  records 
show  it,  the  number  of  votes  cast  for  each  : 

1859— Supervisor,  Otis  Richardson,  37  votes  ;  Clerk,  W.  C.  Babcock,  68 
votes.  1860— Supervisor,  Otis  Richardson.  39  votes :  Clerk,  W.  C.  Babcock 
75  votes.  1861— Supervisor,  E.  B.  Persons,  32  votes;  Clerk,  Eli  Myei,  52 
votes.  1862— Supervisor,  William  Manlove ;  Clerk,  Eli  Myer.  1863— Super- 
visor, William  Manlove:  Clerk,  Eli  Myer.  1864— Supervisor,  Francis 
Umphenour;  Clerk,  Eli  Myer.  These  two  continued  in  office  till  1867. 
1867— Supervisor,  Francis  Umphenour;  Clerk,  Geo.  S.  Babbitt.  1868-69— 
Supervisor,  Geo.  A.  Sutton;  Clerk,  D.  J.  Handly.  1870-71— Supervisor,  E. 
A.  Sweet;  Clerk,  D.  J.  Handley.  1872-73^Supervisor,  E.  A.  Sweet;  Clerk. 
Josiah  Herr.  1874— Supervisor,  D.  J.  Taylor ;  Clerk,  G.  J.  Graves.  The  last  ■: 
two  named  have  held  these  offices  continuously  since,  and  still  retain  them.  The 
other  township  officers  were:  Assessor,  J.  N.  Guthrie;  Collector,  E.  B.  Myer; 
Road  Commissioner,  B.  F.  Myer :  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Osborn  Ashley  and 
W.  H.  Wagner. 

During  all   these  intervening  years,  the  growth  of  the  township  had  been  n 
decidedly  onward,  and  when  the  organization  was  effected  active  measures  were 
at  once  inaugurated   to   lay  out  and  improve  the  roads  on  the  section  Imes. 
Previously,  they  had  gone  stragglingly  across  the  prairies  in  any  and  all  dn-ec- 
tions,  only  diverging  from  any  due  course  on  account  of  the  numerous  sloughs  « 
in  the  central  portions.     Here  the   land  remained  idle  until  about  1865.  when  > 
it  was  sold  to  more  adventurous  farmers  as  swamp  lands,  who  now  own  prosper- 
ous farms.     The  schools  partook  of  the  change  in   common  with  the  growth  of  < 
he  township.     From  a  report  made  by  Eli  Myer  in  October,  1858,  we  learn  i 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  517 

there  were  for  the  year  ending  October  1,  1857,  two  schools  in  the  township. 
One  had  been  taught  ten  months  by  a  male  teacher,  and  one  three  months  by  a 
female  teacher.  The  male  teacher  received  $33.33^  per  month,  the  female 
teacher,  $25.00.  The  amount  of  the  principal  of  the  township  fund  was 
$3,418.13  ;  the  amount  of  interest,  $341.81,  and  the  amount  of  common  school 
fund  received  by  the  Township  Treasurer,  $273.88.  The  amount  paid  for 
teachers'  wages  was  $308.83,  and  for  building  and  repairing  school  houses, 
$531.00.  He  states  that  there  are  92  children  attending  scliool — 48  boys  and 
44  girls;  and  for  the  next  year  reports  265  persons  under  21  years  of  age. 
For  1858,  he  does  not  report  an  increase  in  schools  or  teachers  ;  but  after  that 
year,  owing  to  the  organization  of  the  township  and  the  more  eftective  measures 
adopted,  a  marked  increase  in  the  schools  appears,  until  the  present  number 
— nine — was  reached. 

The  growth  of  the  township  carried  with  it  a  steady  improvement  in  the  dwell- 
ings of  the  people.  Now  many  fine  residences  are  seen,  and  many  evidences  of 
culture  and  ease  appear.  From  the  12x12  or  16x16  cabins  of  the  early  pioneers, 
which  in  some  cases,  like  those  of  Judge  Myer  and  Squire  Payne,  who  each 
had  large  families,  and  often  were  compelled  to  accommodate  as  many  more 
travelers — for  hotels  were  few  then  and  far  between — have  grown  the  fine,  capa- 
cious farm  house,  with  its  large,  airy  rooms,  and  cool,  shaded  yard.  Instead  of 
hauling  salt,  sugar  or  other  necessaries  from  Ottawa,  Chicago  or  Danville, 
or  rafting  their  lumber  across  the  streams,  they  now  enjoy  the  home 
market,  the  neighborhood  post  office  and  good  bridges.  There  was  no  starv- 
ation, however,  or  lack  of  generosity  in  these  old-time  days,  for  thev  tell  us 
when  their  sup])ly  of  corn  meal  gave  out,  they  went  to  tlieir  neighbors  just 
beyond  Pontiac,  eight  miles  away,  from  whom  they  could  borrow  meal  for 
breakfast. 

In  the  early  days  of  the  township,  the  Democrats  claimed  the  greatest  num- 
ber of  adherents ;  since  then  the  tide  has  gradually  turned,  and  the  Republicans 
are  in  the  ascendency. 

During  the  war  the  township  furnished  a  goodly  number  of  soldiers,  who  gal- 
lantly did  their  duty  wherever  called. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  the  village  of  Ocoya  again  comes  into  notice. 
Roadnight,  who  had,  as  has  previously  been  stated,  purchased  40  acres  and 
made  a  switch,  built  a  small  warehouse  and  depot,  and  leased  them  to  D.  S. 
Shireman  and  E.  M.  Babbitt,  who  continued  the  grain  business  with  varying 
results,  for  several  years.  The  village  was  all  this  time  in  its  primitive  con- 
dition, and  making  no  progress.  Indeed,  it  could  not  yet  properly  be  called  a 
village,  for  no  plat  had  been  surveyed,  nor  had  any  move  been  made  toward 
laying  out  a  town. 

In  1869,  Duff  &  Cowan  purciiased  the  land,  and  surveyed  and  platted  the 
ground,  giving  it  the  old  name.  "Ocoya."  They  failed  in  business  shortly 
after,  however,  and  no  plat  of  the  town  was  ever  recorded. 


618  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

John  A.  Bogie,  of  Paris,  Bourbon  County,  Ky.,  an  extensive  owner  of"  land 
adjoining  the  town,  laid  off  "  Bogie's  first  addition  to  Ocoya,"  April  30,  1870. 
The  record  of  this  plat  is  the  only  recorded  instrument  relating  to  the  town  of 
Ocoya. 

On  the  failure  of  Duif  &  Cowan,  Reuben  Macy  purchased  the  40  acres 
originally  intended  for  a  town  site,  and  in  1871  built  an  elevator.  He  was^ 
associated  with  C.  N.  Coe,  of  Cayuga,  a  short  time,  but,  purchasing  his  interest, 
for  several  years  managed  a  store,  of  which  he  became  the  owner.  He 
removed  here  in  September,  1867,  and  at  once  took  an  active  part  in  the  growth 
of  the  town.  Finding  his  business  too  much  for  one  person,  he  associated  hi* 
son-in-law,  John  McCalla,  with  himself,  who  came  to  Ocoya  in  1870,  and  at 
once  took  the  store.  He  remained  here  until  1877,  when  he  sold  to  the  present 
owner,  E.  M.  Reily,  who  is  also  Postmaster,  and  came  to  Pontiac.  Macy  con- 
tinued actively  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  a  few  years  ago,  when  he 
traded  his  interest  for  80  acres  of  land  adjoining  the  village,  which  he  now 
farms. 

The  school  is  still  conducted  in  the  district  school  house,  a  little  south  of 
town.  In  this  building  the  first  religious  services  in  this  part  of  the  township 
were  held.  In  1865,  E.  A.  Sweet  established  a  Sunday  school,  of  which  he 
was  the  Superintendent  twelve  years.  It  was  quite  prosperous  in  its  time,  and 
continued  to  meet  in  the  school  house  until  the  completion  of  the  Baptist 
Church  in  the  village,  when  it  was  taken  there.  Its  average  attendance  has 
always  been  nearly  one  hundred,  and  it  has  had  a  marked  influence  for  good 
on  the  community. 

The  Baptists  were  the  first  to  attempt  a  religious  organization  in  this  settle- 
ment. It  organized  in  the  Sunday  school  referred  to,  and  from  that  beginning 
arose  the  present  church.  One  of  its  best  friends  and  supporters  was  Judge 
Myer,  who  at  his  death  willed  to  it  f  600,  to  be  used  in  the  erection  of  a  suita- 
ble house  of  worship.  Two  lots  were  donated  by  Duff  k  Cowan,  on  which 
the  church  was  to  be  erected  ;  and  after  the  Judge's  death,  friends  of  the  church 
went  actively  to  work  to  raise  the  balance  necessary  to  complete  the  building. 
As  it  was  erected  when  material  and  labor  of  all  kinds  were  high,  it  cost  nearly 
$2,000,  probably  much  more  than  such  a  building  would  cost  now.  It  is  a  neat 
frame  structure,  and  was  completed  in  the  Autumn  of  1872,  and  has  been  reg- 
ularly occupied  since.  The  dedication  services  Avere  held  on  Sunday,  Novem- 
ber 17,  conducted  by  Elder  Goss,  at  which  time  a  very  appropriate  hymn,  com- 
posed by  Reuben  Macy  for  the  occasion,  was  sung.  , 

This  congregation  is  the  only  one  in  the  township  ;  people  in  tlie  eastern  and     r 
southern  parts  going  to  McDowell  or  Chenoa,  or  meeting  at  irregular  intervals 
in  different  school  houses. 

But  little  remains  to  be  said  of  Eppard's  Point.  In  the  biographical  part 
of  this  work  the  personal  history  of  many  of  its  settlers  is  given,  and  in  the 
statistical  portion  its  yield  of  the  cereals  will  be  found.     The  people  are  indus- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  511) 

trious,  and  need  only  to  use  the  natural  advantages  bestowed  so  freely  upon 
them  to  secure  a  competence  and  a  life  of  comfort  and  ease  in  their  declining 
years. 

FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 

Forrest  lies  in  the  southeastern  part  of  the  county,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
north  by  the  township  of  Pleasant  Ridge,  on  the  east  by  Chatsworth,  on  the 
south  by  Fayette  and  on  the  west  by  Indian  Grove.  It  is  all  prairie,  except 
a  narrow  belt  of  timber  along  the  south  branch  of  the  Vermilion  River,  whicii 
flows  across  the  northeast  corner  of  the  town.  The  prairie  portion,  however, 
has  been  supplied  with  timber  sufficient,  through  the  energies  and  industry  of 
man,  for  shelter  from  the  burning  rays»of  a  Summer  sun  and  the  pierx)ing  blasts 
of  the  Winter  storms.  Beautiful  groves  are  found  in  all  parts  of  the  town  in 
such  plenitude  that,  should  the  ghosts  of  Shabbona,  Pontiac,  Saunemin  or  any 
of  their  dusky  warriors  leave  their  "  happy  hunting  grounds  "  for  a  visit  to  the 
scenes  of  their  youth,  they  would,  doubtless,  find  more  changes  in  this  section 
than  did  Rip  Van  Winkle  in  the  little  village  among  the  Oatskill  Mountains 
after  his  twenty  years'  slumber.  Where,  a  few  years  ago,  grew  the  tall  grass, 
the  willows  and  rosin-weeds,  now  flourish  the  corn  and  other  crops  of  the  thrifty 
farmer ;  while  little  artificial  groves  of  trees  here  and  there  relieve  the  level  sur- 
face of  the  monotonous  aspect  borne  by  the  prairies  in  their  natural  state..  Much 
of  the  land  in  Forrest  was  denominated  "swamp  lands,"  and  donated  by  the 
State  to  Livingston  County,  and  hence,  through  this  means,  this  section  obtained 
rather  a  hard  name  abroad,  and  was  for  years  avoided,  save  in  the  little  skirt 
of  timber  along  the  river ;  when,  after  a  few  years  of  efficient  drainage  and 
good  farming,  these  lands  have  become  as  productive  and  as  well  adapted  to 
agricultural  purposes  as  those  of  an}^  portion  of  the  county  ;  and,  with  two  rail- 
roads— the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  and  the  Chicago  &  Paducah — intersecting 
it,  the  town  has  every  facility  for  moving  the  vast  amount  of  grain  and  stock 
produced  annually  within  its  limits. 

The  first  actual  settlement  made  in  the  territory  now  embraced  in  Forrest 
Township  was  by  Charles  Jones.  He  came  from  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  and  entered 
the  land  where  the  village  of  Forrest  now  stands  in  1836,  and  remained  thero 
about  seven  years,  when  he  sold  out  his  claim  and  improvements  to  James  Beard 
and  removed  into  Pontiac  Township.  After  remaining  in  Pontiac  several  years, 
he  at  last  removed  into  Belle  Prairie  Township.  Having  lost  his  eyesight  and 
become  almost  totally  blind,  with  the  weight  of  fourscore  years  resting"  upoi» 
him,  he  lives  with  his  children,  quietly  waiting  for  his  summons  home.  His 
wife  died  in  1841.  His  recollection  is  still  good  as  to  the  early  privations 
endured  in  settling  in  the  wilderness.  Mr.  Jones  relates  an  instance  of  going 
to  Chicago  with  a  load  of  produce,  some  forty  years  ago,  and  glutting  the  egg 
market  there  with  a  few  barrels  of  eggs,  and  was  compelled  to  throw  away  a  part 


520  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

of  them.     Chicago,  as  well  as  Forrest  Township,  has  grown  and  expanded  some- 
what since  that  day. 

John  Thompson  was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York,  but  had  lived  some 
time  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  from  whence  he  came  to  Illinois  in- 1837,  and 
settled  permanently  in  Forrest  Township,  about  three  miles  from  the  present 
village  of  the  same  name.  He  remained  upon  his  original  settlement  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1849.  Mr.  Thompson  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  par- 
ticipated in  many  of  the  fierce  battles  fought  during  our  last  struggle  with  John  Bull. 
The  name  of  his  Captain  was  Drake,  but  to  what  regiment  he  belonged  the  surviv- 
ing members  of  his  family  have  forgotten.  After  his  death,  Mrs.  Thompson  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  a  land  warrant  for  his  services  during  the  war  of  1812,  which 
she  laid  on  Section  13 — the  section  on  which  they  had  settled  when  they  first 
came  to  the  counti-y.  When  the  Thompsons  first  settled"  here,  prairie  wolves 
were  plenty,  and  their  dismal  howl  was  the  usual  evening  carol  to  lull  the  tired 
laborer  to  his  night's  repose.  Mrs.  Wilson,  a  daughter  of  Thompson's,  now 
living  in  the  village  of  Forrest,  gave  us  much  of  the  information  pertaining  to 
the  family,  and  related  how,  upon  one  occasion,  Avhen  her  father  was  down  at 
McDowell's,  in  Avoca  Township,  the  wolves  came  around  their  cabin  in  such 
numbers  and  appeared  so  ravenous  as  to  excite  in  the  family  fears  of  an  attack 
from  them.  Their  cabin  had  been  but  a  short  time  built,  and  was  without  a 
door,  other  than  a  quilt  hung  before  the  opening.  At  this  opening,  the  brave 
mother,  Mrs.  Thompson,  stood  with  an  axe  to  defend  her  offspring,  whom  she 
had  placed  on  the  bed,  the  safest  place  within  the  cabin,  against  these  voracious 
wild  beasts.  The  wolves,  however,  made  no  attack,  but  howled  around  their 
cabin,  rendering  the  night  hideous  with  their  doleful  music.  Mr.  Thompson 
had  money  when  he  settled  here,  and  horses ;  but  the  latter  all  died  the  first 
season  with  the  milk  sickness,  except  a  pony,  and  it  he  traded  for  provisions. 
He  sometimes  had  to  go  fourteen  miles,  on  foot,  to  get  cam,  and  carry  it  home 
on  his  shoulder.  It  was  often  the  case  that,  after  he  had  procured  corn  and 
brought  it  home,  he  would  have  to  pound  it  in  a  kind  of  mortar  made  in  the 
top  of  a  stump.  This  substitute  for  meal  his  wife  would  sift,  and  the  finest  of 
it  make  into  bread  and  the  remainder  cook  as  hominy.  Mr.  Thompson  seems 
to  have  been  a  man  of  iron  constitution,  as,  in  those  early  days  in  the  wilder- 
ness, his  exposure  in  trying  to  build  up  a  comfortable  home  would  kill  a  dozen 
men  of  the  present  day.  His  wife  used  to  tell  him  that  he  would  kill  himself, 
but  he  would  reply  that  it  was  hard  to  kill  an  old  soldier.  Charles  Jones  set- 
tled the  year  previous ;  and,  aside  from  these  two  families,  no  others  settled  in 
this  itoniediaie  vicinity  for  several  years.  When  Nathan  Townsend,  the  first 
settler  in  Pleasant  Ridge,  moved  to  the  country,  he  came  by  where  Thompson 
lived,  and  Mrs.  Wilson  informed  us  that  his  children  were  almost  starved.  He 
had  been  on  the  road  some  time  and  was  out  of  food ;  the  country  was  thinly 
settled  and  provisions  almost  wholly  unattainable.  Mrs.  Thompson  took  them 
in,  divided  her  scanty  store  and  gave  them  shelter  until  they  had  somewhat 
recuperated  and  looked  around  for  an  eligible  location. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  521 

Mrs.  Wilson,  referred  to  as  a  daughter  of  Thompson's,  was  married  first  to 
W.  C.  Popejoy,  of  Avoca,  who  died  some  years  later,  when  she,  after  several 
years,  married  Nicholas  Wilson.  He  was  a  native  of  Sweden,  and  came  here 
at  an  early  day,  and  for  many  years  was  known  in  this  section  as  a  dry  goods 
peddler.  His  team  ran  away  with  him  in  Chatsworth,  one  day,  by  which  acci- 
dent he  was  killed. 

Another  of  the  early  settlers  in  Forrest  Township  was  Grin  Phelps,  a  son- 
in-law  of  Charles  Jones.  He  was  originally  from  New  Jersey,  but  had  lived 
some  time  in  St.  Louis,  before  coming  to  this  neiirhborliood.  He  remained  in 
Forrest  until  1847,  when  he  sold  out  and  removed  into  Belle  Prairie  Township, 
where  he  still  resides,  one  of  the  thrifty  farmers  of  that  town.  There  were  but 
few  families  living  in  what  is  now  Forrest  Township  when  Phelps  settled  in  it. 
Jolin  Thompson,  he  states,  was  living  in  the  little  grove  southeast  of  Oliver's 
Grove,  and  a  family  named  Brooks,  living  in  the  creek  bottom,  are  all  he  remem- 
bers besides  Mr.  Jones,  his  father-in-law.  The  man  Brooks,  whom  he  alludes  to 
here,  is  the  same  Charles  Brooks  mentioned  in  the  early  settlement  of  one  or  two 
other  townships.  It  was  from  him  that  Townsend  bought  his  claim  when  he 
settled  in  Pleasant  Ridore. 

George  and  Frederick  Cranford  were  among  the  next  settlers,  and  repre- 
sent a  kind  of  second  era  in  the  settlement  of  the  town.  They  came  from  Mus- 
kingum County,  Ohio,  and  settled  here  in  1853,  at  which  time  there  were  but  a 
few  people  in  the  settlement,  and  they  were  squatted  in  the  timber. 

Of  this  latter  era  of  settling  in  Forrest,  Israel  J.  Krack  occupies  a  prom- 
inent place.  He  came  from  Tippecanoe  County,  Ind.,  a  county  distinguished 
and  hallowed,  almost,  in  consequence  of  containing  the  battle  field  of  Tippeca- 
noe, where  Gen.  Harrison  won  his  great  battle  over  the  Indians.  Mr.  Krack 
was  present  on  the  Tippecanoe  battle  ground  in  1840,  at  the  grand  rally,  when 
Harrison  was  a  candidate  for  President  of  the  United  States.  He  says  that 
never  before  or  since  has  he  seen  so  large  a  crowd  of  people  together.  There 
were  "more  than  any  man  could  number"  of  excited  Hoosiers  and  natives  of 
the  surrounding  hills,  and  the  burden  of  their  song  of  rejoicing  was : 

Tippecanoe  and  Tyler  too. 
With  them  we  can  beat  little  Van  : 
Oh  !  Van,  Van,  Van  is  a  used-up  man  ! 
The  Marshals  of  the   Day  tried  to  form  the  crowd  in  procession,   but   room 
for  the   parade   could  not  be  found,  and    the  leaders   gave  it  up  in  despair- 
When  Krack  removed  to  Forrest,  there  were  in  that  township  the  Thompson 
family  (Mr.  Thompson,  the  head  of  the  family,  had  died  some  years  before), 
Charles  Cranford,  George  Williams,  John  Towner,  Fred  and  James  Farnsler, 
Samuel  L.   Hillery  and  Levi  Ide.      George  Williams  and  the  Farnslers  were 
from  Indiana,  John  Towner  from  New  York  and  Ide  was  from  Ohio.     The  lat- 
ter is  mentioned  in  Pleasant  Ridge  as  dying  at  the  house  of  Nathan  Townsend, 
and  as  the  first  death  in  that  township.      Hillery  bought  out   Orin   Phelps,  and 
settled  on  the  claim  made  by  Phelps,  where  he  remained  some  time. 


522  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

James  Beard  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Forrest,  but  of  him  not  much 
information  could  be  obtained.  He  bought  Charles  Jones'  improvements,  which 
originally  consisted  of  but  one  "forty,"  and  around  this  he  entered  enough 
additional  land  to  make  a  half  section,  and  this  place  Krack  bought  when  he 
removed  to  the  town.  It  was  the  most  important  place  in  the  neighborhood, 
near  the  center  of  the  township,  and  a  kind  of  nucleus  around  which  other  set- 
tlements clustered  as  people  came  into  the  settlement.  A  law  suit  of  huge 
proportions  was  brought  by  Oliver  in  regard  to  this  place,  in  which  Beard, 
Krack  and  a  man  named  Covault  were  made  parties,  involving  some  techni- 
cality in  the  entry  of  it.  But  after  dragging  some  time  and  being  continued 
from  one  session  of  court  to  another,  was  ultimately  dismissed  without  trial. 

Among  the  early  settlers  may  also  be  added  the  following  persons  who  settled 
in  the  township  up  to  1860  :  John  Francis,  John  Harper,  William  Edwards 
and  his  sons,  Charles  Holmes  and  perhaps  a  few  others.  Francis  came  from 
Ireland,  and  is  still  living  on  the  place  of  his  original  settlement ;  Harper  is 
dead  ;  Edwards  was  an  Englishman,  and  moved  away  several  years  ago ;  Holmes 
was  from  the  old  Bay  State,  and  lives  now  in  Chicago.  S.  A.  Hoyt,  who 
is  further  noticed  in  the  history  of  the  village,  is  a  New  Yorker,  and  came 
here  before  there  was  any  village.  A  farm^,  entered  in  that  early  day  in  what 
was  termed  the  "  Swamp  Lands,"  was  sold  by  him  recently  for  $38  per  acre, 
which  shows  what  efficient  drainage  will  do. 

In  these  early  times,  the  few  people  living  here  used  to  go  to  Indian  Grove 
and  Avoca  to  church,  and  not  think  it  a  very  great  undertaking  either.  A  man 
would  hitch  a  yoke  of  cattle  to  his  wagon,  or  to  a  big  sled,  the  family  get  aboard, 
and  off  they  would  go,  on  Sunday  morning,  ten  or  twenty  miles  to  church.  The 
first  church  services  were  held  in  people's  residences,  and  in  warm  weather, 
under  the  trees.  These  were  the  temples  of  worship  until  the  building  of  school 
houses.  The  church  history  is  mostly  confined  to  the  village  of  Forrest,  where 
it  will  be  again  referred  to. 

Byron  Phelps,  a  son  of  Orin  Phelps,  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  white 
child  born  in  Forrest  Township.  He  grew  up  to  manhood's  estate,  and  is  meu- 
tioned  in  another  part  of  this  history  as  having  filled  the  office  of  County  Clerk 
satisfactorily.  He  now  lives  in  Decatur.  John  James  Thompson,  a  little  son  of 
Mr.  Thompson,  so  often  mentioned  in  the  early  history  of  Forrest,  was  the  first 
death,  and  took  place  in  1838,  the  next  year  after  Thompson  came  here.  There 
were  no  neighbors  in  reach,  and  the  family  themselves  had  to  bury  the  child. 
Mr.  Thompson  dug  a  kind  of  trough  out  of  a  walnut  tree,  in  which  the  corpse 
was  placed,  then  covered  with  a  slab,  and  in  this  rude  coffin  was  buried  by  its 
own  family.  Chas.  Jones'  wife  died  in  1841,  and  is  noted  among  the  early 
deaths  of  this  township.  She  was  buried  in  the  northwest  corner  of  what  is 
now  Judge  Burton's  deer  park,  and  where  she  still  sleeps.  Orin  Phelps  and 
Miss  Jones,  Chas.  Jones'  daughter,  are  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  parties  to 
commit  matrimony  in  the  township.      Since  then,  there  has  been  much  "  marry- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  528 

ing  and  giving  in  marriage.  "  and  still  there  are  brows  waiting  for  the  orange 
blossoms. 

Just  when  the  first  school  house  was  built,  and  who  taught  the  first  school  in 
Forrest  Township,  wex-e  points  we  could  not  have  fully  determined.  Mrs.  Wilson 
informed  us  that  she  went  to  school  in  the  old  Court  House  in  Pontiac  before 
there  were  any  schools  in  Forrest,  but  she  could  not  call  to  mind  who 
taught  the  first  in  her  own  neighborhood.  In  1855,  the  public  school  system 
■was  adopted  in  Illinois,  and  the  people  of  Forrest  seem  not  to  have  lost  a  single 
day  in  organizing  their  schools.  On  the  24th  day  of  February,  1855,  we  find 
a  record  of  a  meeting  held  at  the  residence  of  I.  J.  Krack,  at  which  "  Three 
School  Trustees,  viz.,  Sam'l  Hillery,  Chas.  Crauford  and  James  Farnsler,  were 
elected  for  Town  26  north.  Range  7  east."  Cranford  was  elected  President  of 
the  Board.  At  a  meeting  held  April  7, 1856,  John  Towner  was  elected  School 
Treasurer  of  the  town,  and  a  tax  of  10  cents  on  tiie  $100  was  voted  for  school 
purposes.  The  township  was  one  school  district.  The  present  School  Board  is 
J.  B.  Hinman,  N.  B.  Eastman  and  Thomas  B.  Riley.  The  last  annual  report 
of  Treasurer  Bullard  shows  the  following :  No.  of  males  in  township  under 
21  years  of  age,  343  ;  females,  303  ;  total,  646.  No.  of  males  between  6  and 
21  years,  228  ;  females,  217  ;  total,  445.  Males  at  school,  188  :  females,  152 ; 
total.  340.  Estimated  value  of  school  property,  $12,400 ;  estimated  value  of 
school  apparatus,  $210  ;  principal  of  township  fund,  $11,286.99  ;  tax  levy  for 
support  of  schools,  $8,523.22  ;  highest  wages  paid  any  teacher,  $80  ;  lowest 
wages  paid  any  teacher,  $25  ;  average  wages  paid  male  teacher,  $53.92;  aver- 
age wages  paid  female  teachers,  $36.48  ;  whole  amount  paid  teachers,  $3,384.41. 
There  are  nine  school  districts  in  the  township,  in  each  of  which  there  is  a  good, 
comfortable  frame  school  building.  The  very  best  of  teachers  are  em))loyed. 
and  the  schools  are  in  the  most  flourishing  condition. 

As  stated  in  the  history  of  Chatsworth,  this  township  was  a  part  of  the 
former,  and  was  called  Oliver's  Grove.  At  the  September  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors  in  1861,  Forrest  petitioned  that  body  to  be  set  off',  which  was 
granted.  April  1,  1862,  the  following  township  officers  were  elected,  viz.  : 
John  Towner,  Supervisor ;  Chas.  Cranford,  Town  Clerk  ;  Nicholas  Wilson, 
Collector;  I,  J.  Krack,  Assessor;  John  Francis  and  John  G.  Harper,  Justices 
of  the  Peace  ;  Edward  Francis  and  Wm.  Edwards,  Jr.,  Constables  ;  and  Wm. 
Edwards,  Sr.,  Overseer  of  the  Poor. 

The  following  table  shows  the  Supervisors  and  Clerks  from  township  organ- 
ization to  date  : 

Supervisors.  Town  Clerks. 

1863 .Jnti.  G.  Harper George  H.  TownsenJ. 

1864 Jno.  G.  Harper George  H.  Townseml. 

186-j .Jno.  G.  Harper George  Cranford. 

186'i Bronson  Smith George  Cranford. 

1867 Bronson  Smith George  Cranford. 

1868 Bronson  Smith .J.  G.  Francis. 

186lt Brnnson  Smith Lucian  BuUarJ. 


524  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Supervisors.  Town  Clerk. 

1870..... Bronson  Smith E.  C.  Keeler. 

1871 Bronson  Smith G.  B.   Hogaboom. 

1872 Lucian  Bullard A.  L.  Gooding. 

1873 J.  P.  Knight A.  L.  Gooding. 

1874 Bronson  Smith .J.  B.  Hinman. 

1875 E.  W.  Dickinson J.  B.  Hinman. 

1876 1-  J-   Krack C.  L.  Coyner. 

1877 1.  J.  Krack Jas.  E.  Riley. 

1878 Stephen  A.  Hoyt .Jas.  E.  Riley. 

Other  township  officers  at  present  are  :  J.  P.  Knight  and  Jacob  L,  Spoor, 
Justices  of  the  Peace ;  L.  Bullard,  Assessor ;  and  J.  G.  Fitch,  Collector. 

The  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  was  built  through  Forrest  in  1867, 
and  its  history  here  is  but  a  repetition  of  that  in  other  portions  of  the  county 
as  given  in  the  chapter  devoted  to  Indian  Grove  and  Chatsworth  Townships. 
An  item,  however,  gathered  in  Forrest  regarding  this  road  is  additional  to  its 
history  as  already  received.  We  learned  from  good  authority  that  the  Illinois . 
Central  constructed  the  line,  or  contributed  very  liberally  to  its  construction, 
from  El  Paso  to  Gilman,  for  which  they  obtained  a  twenty-years  lease  of  it 
between  those  points,  thus  making  a  connection  between  their  main  line  and 
their  Chicago  division.  From  its  early  troubles  it  has  grown  into  one  of  the 
great  thorotighfares  of  travel  and  traffic  through  our  country.  The  town  gave 
no  assistance,  beyond  the  right  of  way,  to  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Road,  which 
crosses  its  southwest  corner,  and  which  was  built  through  this  section  in  1872. 
The  people  would  not  agree  to  pay  any  interest  on  bonds  until  the  road  waus 
completed,  and  voted  that  way.  This  did  not  satisfy  the  Company,  as  they 
could  not  use  bonds  which  bore  no  interest,  and  so  changed  the  route  to  cross 
the  T.,  P.  &  W.  Road  at  Fairbury  instead  of  Forrest,  as  was  at  first  intended. 
The  road  has  two  small  stations  or  shipping  points  in  this  township,  viz.  :  Nor- 
man and  Murphy.  The  former  place  contains  a  store,  post  office,  blacksmith 
and  wagon  shop.  The  post  office  was  established  in  1875,  with  W.  T.  Kerr  as 
Postmaster.  F.  M.  Dwyer  is  the  present  Postmaster.  The  first  store  was 
opened  by  Kerr  and  Cording,  in  January,  1875.  In  1877,  Cording  bought  out 
his  partner,  since  which  time  he  has  conducted  the  business.  The  blacksmith 
shop  is  kept  by  F.  M.  Dwyer,  and  the  wagon  shop  by  Albert  Walter. 

Murphy  Station  is  known  as  McClary  post  office,  and  is  but  a  shipping 
point  a  few  miles  north  of  Norman.  The  Postmaster  at  McClary  is  Geo.  W. 
Ne)son,  who  lives  on  a  form  close  by.  J.  F.  Stratton,  who  keeps  a  small  store 
and  buys  grain,  attends  to  the  business  of  the  post  office. 

Forrest  Township  was  named  for  Forrest  Village,  and  Forrest  Village  for 
Forrest  Township,  and  both  for  a  Mr.  Forrest,  of  New  York,  who  was  the  busi- 
ness partner  of  Mr.  Frost,  President  of  the  Peoria  &  Oquawka  Railroad,  when  the 
T.,  P.  &  W.  was  known  by  that  euphonious  title.  It  was  first  called  Forestville,* 
but  at  the  special  request  of  Mr.  Frost,  was  changed  to  the  name  of  Forrest,  his 

*  Spelled  with  one  r.  but  the  present  name  is  spelled  with  two. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  525 

partner,  and  who,  he  promised,  woukl  do  something  handsome  for  the  young- 
village — a  promise  however,  which  still  remains  unfulfilled. 

Among  the  more  prominent  citizens  of  Forrest  we  may  mention  Hon.  A.  A. 
Burton,  Hon.  Lucian  Bullard  and  Messrs.  Bronson  Smith,  I.  J.  Krack  and  S, 
A.  Hoyt.  Judge  Burton  was  born  in  Garrard  County,  Ky.,  and  graduated  in 
Transylvania  University,  at  Lexington,  after  which  he  studied  law  under  Gen. 
Leslie  Coombs,  of  Frankfort,  and  Avas  appointed  Criminal  Judge,  by  Gov. 
Letcher,  the  second  year  after  his  admission  to  the  bar.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  Kentucky  many  years  ago,  and  sought  to  have 
a  clause  ingrafted  in  the  constitution,  looking  to  the  gradual  emancipation  of 
slaves ;  and  was  one  of  the  very  first  men  in  the  State  to  publicly  proclaim 
abolition  sentiments.  He  was  Chairman  of  the  Kentucky  delegation  to  the 
Convention  at  Chicago,  in  1860,  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  Presi- 
dent, and  elector  for  the  State  at  large  in  Kentucky  during  the  canvass.  Mr. 
Lincoln  appointed  him  United  States  Judge  of  Dakotah,  and  a  few  years  later, 
Minister  to  Bogota  in  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  South  America,  which 
position  he  held  for  six  years.  After  his  return  from  Bogota  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law  in  Kentucky,  with  an  office  in  Washington,  D.  C.  And  in 
1871,  from  his  knowledge  of  the  Spanish  language,  was  appointed  Secretary 
and  Interpreter  of  the  San  Domingo  Commission,  and  furnished  a  full  report  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  Commission  to  the  Government.  A  few  years  ago  he 
removed  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  the  township  of  Forrest,  near  the  village  of 
that  name,  where  he  died  on  the  13th  of  July  of  the  present  year.  He  owned 
about  800  acres  of  land  in  this  township,  and  1.300  acres  in  Minnesota  ;  the 
latter  yielded  him  last  year  about  30,000  bushels  of  wheat.  Judge  Burton 
entertained  the  most  unbounded  veneration  for  President  Lincoln,  and  had  care- 
fully preserved  in  his  spacious  library  a  rail  draped  in  mourning,   to  which  is 

attached  the  following  certificate  : 

Dfcatur,  III.,  June  1,  1860. 
I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  piece  of  rail  this  day  delivered  to  Dr.  G.  W.  McMillan  to  be  by 
him  sent  to  A.  A.  Burton,  of  Lancaster,  Ky  ,  is  from  a  lot  of  3,000  made  by  Abraham    Lincoln 
and  myself  in  this  county,  and  that  I  have  resided  in  this  county  ever  since  that  time. 

his 
John  X  Hanks. 
mark  ' 

Attest:   R.  J.  Oglesby. 

He  has  carefully  kept  this  relic  of  the  honest  "old  rail  splitter,'"  and  when 

he  fell  by  the  assassin's   hand,  he  draped  it  in  mourning,  and  so  it  remains  to 

the  present  day.     His   library  contains  over  a  thousand   volumes,  and  to  it  is 

added  an  extensive   cabinet  of  curiosities.     Although  the  place  was  draped  in 

mourning  for  its  late  master,  we  received  permission  to  visit  it  and  examine  the 

relics  and  curiosities.     In  it  are  many  valuable  works  rarely  found  in  a  private 

library,  among  them  seventy  volumes  of  Voltaire  in  the  French  language,  and 

over  one  hundred  years  old  ;  also  several  volumes  in  Spanish  that  bear  date  away 

back  in  sixteen  hundred.     Among  his  relics  and  curiosities  we  noticed  a  por- 


526  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

trait  of  the  Haytian  Liberator,  Toussaint  I'Ouverture,  which  bears'the  following 

inscription  : 

A.  A.  Burton.  Garrard  Co..  Ky. 
Presented  by  F.  L.  Duthiers. 

Port-au-Prince,  Hayti,  February  14,  1873. 

Engraved  from    the    only  genuine  portrait    of  Toussaint  Jean  Dominique    I'Ouverture  in    the 

Soulongue  Palace,  near  Port-au-Prince. 

He  also  has  a  portrait  of  Pizarro  and  a  piece  of  his  battle-flag,  a  sketch  of 
Simon  Bolivar  in  Spanish,  a  piece  of  rosewood  labeled  "a  piece  of  Washington's 
coffin,"  and  a  vast  number  of  curious  South  American  relics,  together  with  a 
large  ornithological  collection  from  the  same  country.  Among  his  pictures  is 
one  representing  the  Savior  of  the  world,  at  12  years  of  age,  disputing  in  the 
Temple  with  the  chief  priests  and  doctors  of  the  law,  painted  on  wood  by  Vas- 
quez,  and  which  is  over  two  hundred  years  old ;  also,  one  of  Maria  Theresa,  by 
the  same  artist  and  of  the  same  age.  Another  relic,  preserved  by  him  with 
much  care,  is  a  silver  cross,  beaten  out  of  the  crude  material  by  a  converted 
Indian  and  carried  to  Rome  to  be  blessed  by  the  Holy  Father.  The  degree  of 
LL.D.  was  conferred  on  Judge  Barton,  a  short  time  since,  by  Center  College, 
of  Danville,  Ky.,  one  of  the  proudest  institutions  of  learning  in  the  State. 
Embraced  in  the  Judge's  spacious  grounds  is  a  handsome  deer  park  of  several 
acres,  and  in  which  are  some  dozen  or  more  deer  of  various  sizes  and  species. 

Hon.  Lucian  Bullard,  the  present  Postmaster  at  Forrest,  was  elected  to  the 
State  Legislature,  in  1874,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  where  he  faithfully  served 
the  people  of  his  district. 

Bronson  Smith  has  served  his  township  six  years  as  Supervisor.  His  great- 
grandfather settled  in  the  old  town  of  Milford,  in  the  New  Haven  Colony, 
originally,  but  in  1773  moved  to  Washington,  Conn.  He  had  ten  children, 
and  when  the  youngest  died,  their  combined  ages  were  900  years.  Mr.  Smith 
attended  the  centennial  of  his  family  in  New  England  in  1873,  at  which  were 
present  150  members  of  this  Smith  family,  and  it  was  known  of  a  certainty  that 
there  were  living  at  that  time  225  members  of  that  direct  branch  of  the  Smiths. 

I.  J.  Krack,  the  present  County  Treasurer,  has  been  one  of  the  leading 
spirits  of  Forrest  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  place.  He  was  elected  Treas- 
urer of  the  county  in  the  Fall  of  1877,  an  office  his  honor  and  integrity 
eminently  qualify  him  to  fill. 

Stephen  A.  Hoyt  is  another  of  the  solid  business  men  of  Forrest.  He  came 
here  before  the  town  was  laid  off,  and  almost  before  there  were  settlements  made 
in  it.  Honesty  and  industry  have  built  up  a  large  business  for  him,  and  he 
ranks  among  the  heaviest  grain  dealers  in  the  county.  He  handles  lumber, 
also,  and  in  the  early  days  of  the  village  sold  lumber  to  this  entire  section.  In 
one  year,  he  informed  us,  he  paid  the  T.,  P.  &  W.  Road  |10,000  for  freight 
on  lumber  alone. 

Forrest  Township  is  Republican  in  politics — indeed,  has  long  been  one  of 
the  strongholds  of  that  party  in  Livingston  County.      According  to  its  popula- 


PONTIAC 


^^^^--i^i/Tt/ 


tmwp^'  •  ■  "^ 


''»n.if<ai:^ 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  529 

tion,  it  gives  larger  Republican  majorities  than  any  other  township.     Its  war 
record  is  on  a  par  with  other  sections  of  the  county. 

THE    VILLAGE    OF   FORREST. 

Forrest  village  was  surveyed  and  laid  out  by  Alfred  C.  Huetson,  County 
Surveyor,  for  I.  J.  Krack,  the  original  proprietor  of  the  place,  on  the  11th  of 
December,  1866.  It  originally  embraced  parts  ojt"  the  southwest  quarter  of  the 
northwest  quarter,  and  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter,  and 
parts  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter,  and  the  northeast  quar- 
ter of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  3.  He  has  since  made  two  additions  to 
it.  and  Bullard  has  made  one  addition,  February  9,  1876.  Forrest  is  situated 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  about  equidistant  between  Fairbury 
and  Chatsworth,  and  has  about  five  hundred  inhabitants.  The  first  house  was 
built  by  Mr.  Krack,  and  he  was  the  first  Postmaster  and  Station  Agent  of  the 
railroad.  The  post  office  was  a  diminutive  affair  then,  and  it  is  still  remem- 
bered by  many  how  Krack  used  to  carry  the  entire  office  in  his  hat.  Hoyt, 
who  in  those  early  times  used  to  make  frequent  trips  to  the  village  of  Eureka 
dear  hunting,  says  that  he  would  ask  Krack  to  look  over  the  mail,  after  it  was 
thrown  off  the  train,  and  give  him  his,  and  Krack  would  empty  the  mail  bag  on 
the  ground,  sort  over  the  letters,  hand  out  those  belonging  to  him,  and  he 
would  step  on  the  train  before  it  pulled  out. 

The  village  was  organized  under  the  incorporation  act,  in  1870  ;  the  first 
meeting  held  on  the  20th  of  February  of  that  year.  At  this  meeting  C.  W. 
Wilson,  J.  F.  Dennis,  W.  D.  Lee,  M.  Clement,  E.  Shaw,  J.  Keller  were  elected 
a  Board  of  Trustees,  ani  organized  by  electing  Elias  Shaw,  President,  and  John- 
son Keller,  Clerk.  The  Board  qualified  before  S.  A.  Hoyt,  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  The  present  Board  is  L.  Bullard,  President ;  H.  C.  Twitchell,  Clerk : 
and  J.  A.  Coyner,  J.  L.  Delatour,  D.  Duckett,  S.  A.  Dunham,  P.  W.  Burgess. 

The  first  hotel  in  Forrest  was  built  by  William  Umberfield,  in  1870,  and  is 
now  known  as  the  "Forrest  House,"  and  is  kept  by  Robert  Russell,  while  Mr. 
Umberfield,  the  original  proprietor,  keeps  a  hotel  and  restaurant  on  the  north 
side  of  the  railroad.  The  only  mill  in  the  village  or  township  was  built  by  R. 
B.  Wilson,  about  six  or  seven  years  ago.  It  is  a  frame  building,  and  cost 
I  ^1,500;  has  two  run  of  buhrs,  and  is  used  mostly  in  grinding  stock  feed. 

I.  J.  Krack  built  the  first  grain  elevator  put  up  in  the  village,  about  1861—2, 

to  which  Hoyt  &  Beebe  have  made  large  improvements  and  additions.     It  is 

[provided  with  "grain  dumps,"  and  is  run  by  steam,  and  is   one   of  the  best 

,  appointed   elevators  in  the  county.      Hoyt  &  Beebe   handle   annually  about 

1300,000  bushels  of  grain — mostly  corn — the  larger  portion  of  which  they  ship 

.east.     They  likewise  handle  stock  extensively.     Miller  &  Kelly  built  the  East 

'Elevator,  now  used  by  Burgess  &  Son,  who  do  a  large  grain  business.     It  is 

estimated  that  Forrest  handles  annually  over  a  half  million  bushels  of  grain, 

as  well  as  being  quite  a  stock  market. 


530  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  the  first  church  edifice  in  Forrest,  was 
built  in  1868.  The  first  preacher  was  Rev.  Myron  Dewey.  When  he  first 
came  to  the  charge,  Mr.  Krack  says,  he  presented  a  rather  unministerial  appear- 
ance. He  was  riding  an  old  gray  horse,  with  a  blanket,  and  without  saddle  or 
stirrups.  He  rode  up  to  his  place,  alighted  from  his  horse  and  came  into  the 
yard,  where  he  (Krack)  was  dressing  a  hog;  informed  him  that  he  was  the 
preacher  sent  by  conference  to  that  charge.  Krack  looking  at  him,  replied, 
"Are  you? "  and  continued  at  his  work,  thinking,  as  he  says,  that  he  was  rather 
a  hard-looking  specimen  for  a  preacher.  But  he  was  a  good  man,  and  labored 
faithfully  in  the  church  at  this  place.  The  next  minister  was  Hiram  Popejoy, 
of  Avoca  Township,  who,  according  to  his  own  story,  was  rather  a  hardened 
youngster  in  his  youth,  but  being  coviverted  at  Fairbury,  finally  decided  that 
he  was  called  to  preach,  and  was  sent  to  the  charge  at  Forrest,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years.  Contrary  to  the  saying  that  "  a  prophet  is  without  honor 
in  his  own  country,"  he  was  very  successful  in  his  pastorate,  and  left  the  church 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  The  edifice  is  quite  an  elegant  affair,  and  cost 
$8,000.  It  was  dedicated  by  Rev.  Alexander  Meharry,  of  Cincinnati,  on  its 
completion,  and  is,  at  present,  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev.  Mr.  Eignus. 
The  church  numbers  about  150  members,  and  maintains  a  flourishing  Sabbath 
school,  with  an  average  attendance  of  about  seventy-five  children,  under  the 
superintendency  of  E.  R.  Francis. 

The  Congregational  Church  was  organized  in  June,  1866,  with  an  original 
membership  of  six  persons;  but  the  church  building  was  not  erected  until 
sometime  afterward.  It  was  dedicated  June  4,  1874,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Roy,  of 
Chicago.  Rev.  H.  G.  Pendleton,  now  of  Chenoa,  was  the  first  Pastor,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  W.  E.  Catlin,  who  continued  in  charge  until  1871, 
when  Rev.  David  Sherrill  became  the  Pastor,  and  still  remains  in  charge.  The 
membership,  at  present,  is  eighty-six.  The  Sunday  school  was  organized  about 
the  same  time  as  the  church  society ;  at  present,  it  is  attended  by  about  ninety 
children,  in  charge  of  E.  P.  Beebe,  Superintendent. 

Both  the  Masons  and  Odd  Fellows  are  represented  in  Forrest  by  flourishing 
lodges.  Forrest  Lodge,  No.  614,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M.,  was  chartered  October  5,  1869, 
by  H.  G.  Reynolds,  Grand  Master,  and  the  ofiicial  warrant  is  signed  by  0.  H. 
Miner,  Grand  Secretary.  William  D.  Lee  was  the  first  Master.  At  present 
Fred.  Duckett  is  Master  and  W.  D.  Corrie  is  Secretary,  with  forty  names  on  the 
roll  of  membership. 

Good  Will  Lodge  No.  379,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  was  instituted  January  9,  1869,  by 
J.  W.  Ellis,  Grand  Master,  and  Samuel  Willard,  Grand  Secretary.  The  first 
ofiicers  were  J.  A.  Fulwiler,  Noble  Grand,  and  S.  A.  Hoyt,  Secretary.  At 
present  James  E.  Riley  is  Noble  Grand  and  R.  M.  Odell  is  Secretary. 

The  elegant  village  school  house  was  erected  in  1869  at  a  cost  of  $6,000 ; 
is  a  two-story  frame  building,  and  a  model  of  architectural  beauty.  The  full 
corps  of  teachers  for  the  coming  year  are  not  yet  selected,  but,  so  far  as  chosen. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  531 

are  Prof.  H.  H.  Grafton,  Principal ;  Miss  Alice  Clement,  Teacher.  The  average 
attendance  of  pupils  during  the  school  term,  is  about  140. 

We  have  written  of  fires  in  Livingston  County,  until  it  has  become  an  old 
song.  Forrest,  as  many  other  prairie  villages  which  have  sprung  up  like 
Aladdin's  castle  in  a  night,  as  it  were,  and  built  almost  or  wholly  of  pine  lum- 
ber, has  been  deluged  in  fire.     In  the  early  part  of  the  Winter  of  1868-69.  its 

citizens,  » 

Newly  risen  from  troubled  sleep, 

Stared  with  uncomprehending  eyes, 
On  homesteads  smoldering,  black  and  bare, 
Beneath  the  dreary  Winter  skies. 

About  six  buildings  were  burned,  mostly  business  houses,  and  some  of  the 
largest  in  the  village,  including  the  East  grain  warehouse.  The  loss  was  esti- 
mated at  between  sixty  and  seventy  thousand  dollars,  which  was  but  partially 
covered  by  insurance.  However,  with  that  indomitable  energy  characteristic 
of  the  western  people,  their  buildings  were  at  once  replaced,  and  soon  all  traces 
of  the  fire-fiend  were  completely  obliterated. 

NEWTOWN    TOWNSHIP. 

Although  the  history  of  this  township  has  quite  an  ancient  flavor,  being 
almost  contemporary  with  the  oldest  settled  neighborhoods  in  the  county,  yet  we 
are  not  left  in  uncertainty  as  to  the  foundations  of  its  growth,  as  the  very  first 
settlers  within  its  limits  are  still  among  us.  and  their  memories  being  yet  unim- 
paired by  hardships  or  age,  we  are  privileged  to  draw  from  them  the  stories  of  its 
earliest  life. 

Probably  no  township  in  the  county  numbered,  in  its  early  days,  so  many 
men  of  earnest  and  stern  purpose,  or  of  such  positive  character,  as  did  this. 
I  They  were  men  whose  aims  were  not  solely  to  make  homes  for  themselves,  with- 
out a  thought  for  the  welfare  of  the  balance  of  humanity ;  but  it  seems 
to  have  been  a  characteristic  of  them  that  their  chief  desire  was  to  benefit  oth- 
ers. Accordingly,  we  find  its  first  settlers  engaged  in  such  enterprises  as  would 
be  of  mutual  benefit.  In  morals,  education  and  religion,  this  community  took 
the  lead.  The  first  attempt  at  newspaper  publishing  was  made  here  ;  the  first 
church  building  was  erected  in  this  township  ;  the  first  and  only  school  designed 
for  a  higher  course  of  instruction  was  organized  in  Newtown  Township.  This, 
too,  was  the  very  center  for  that  class  of  philanthropists  then  reproached  with 
the  epithet  "Abolitionist."  Not  only  were  many  of  the  citizens  members  of 
the  society,  but  all  of  their  institutions,  including  their  church  and  school,  had 
the  reputation  of  being  organized  and  conducted  in  accordance  with  the  ideas 
which  their  founders  promulgated.  Doubtless,  most  of  the  leading  citizens  were 
ultra  on  the  subject,  and  doubtless,  if  tradition  is  to  be  relied  on,  much  aid  and 
comfort  was  given  to  the  colored  man,  especially  to  such  as  were  so  fortunate  as  to 
make  their  way  this  far  on  their  road  toward  freedom,  and  thus  causing  much 


532  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

sorrow  to  his  former  master,  or  his  agent,  the  pursuer.  There  is  but  little 
doubt  that  the  vicinity  was  well  known  and  described  to  the  dissatisfied  slave 
in  many  localities  in  the  South,  as  a  station  on  the  underground  railroad,  and 
that  the  name  of  the  agent,  conductor,  and  other  officers  of  the  institution, 
located  at  this  point,  were  minutely  given  to  such  as  desired  passage. 

Somewhat  previous  to  the  development  of  the  peculiarities  of  the  community, 
however,  two  or  three  persons  had  come  into  the  neighborhood  and  located,  the 
first  of  which  was  Erasley  Pope,  mentioned  more  at  length  on  a  former  page.  He 
was  a  native  of  North  Carolina,  and,  as  has  already  been  hinted,  was  a  man  of 
much  more  than  ordinary  combativeness.  This  seemed  to  be  his  peculiarity,  as 
long  as  his  physical  ability  warranted  him  in  cultivating  the  propensity.  It  is, 
however,  notorious  that  he  always  contended  for  right,  and  was  seldom  adjudged 
second  best  in  the  result.  He  is  still  living  on  the  old  place,  of  which  he  has 
been  a  resident  forty-five  years. 

Ewin  Houchin  was  the  second  settler.  He  came  to  this  part  of  the  State 
in  1835.  He  had,  however,  lived  in  what  is  now  Logan  County,  for  five  years 
previous  to  coming  to  this  place.  He  located  in  the  northwest  part  of  the  town, 
about  two  miles  from  the  present  site  of  Streator.  He  claims  to  be  the  only  man 
now  living  who  built  a  house  or  cabin  in  the  county  previous  to  the  Fall  of 
1835.  Mr.  Houchin  has  been  a  very  successful  farmer,  and,  by  industry  and 
economy,  has  accumulated  a  large  property.  He  says  that  when  he  came  to 
the  county,  a  young  man  of  21,  he  worked  many  a  day  from  sunrise  till 
suns'et  for  25  cents  per  day,  and  was  glad  to  take  his  pay  in  goods  at  prices 
that  would  be  deemed  exorbitant  at  the  present  day.  He  split  more  than 
100,000  rails ;  has  hauled  oats  to  Chicago  for  10  cents  per  bushel,  and  pork  at 
$1.50  per  hundred,  and  went  to  mill  twenty-four  miles  distant,  waiting  five  days 
for  his  grist. 

M.  A.  Newman  came  to  the  country  in  1 838,  and  was  traveling  merchant 
for  all  this  part  of  the  country,  and  for  many  years  was  personally  acquainted 
with  every  family  in  the  county.  In  1850,  having  frequently  visited  this  neigh- 
borhood, he  located  at  the  place  now  occupied  by  the  village  of  New  Michigan. 
A  settlement  had  been  made  in  this  vicinity,  which  bid  fair  to  be  a  thriving 
community,  and  Newman  conceived  the  idea  of  establishing  here  a  town ;  so, 
proceeding  to  Danville,  he  pre-empted  the  land,  the  claim  of  which  he  had 
already  bought.  On  the  7th  of  November,  of  the  year  named,  E.  B.  Oliver 
surveyed  for  Newman  the  plat  of  the  village,  from  the  northeast  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion 22.  At  about  the  time  that  Newman  commenced  his  peddling  operations, 
several  families  moved  to  the  community. 

Enoch,  John  and  Amos  Lundy  and  their  brother-in-law,  Thomas  Copes,  came 
from  Logan  County.  They  proved  to  be  first-class  citizens,  whose  words  were 
counted  to  be  as  good  as  their  notes.  Samuel  Broomfield  came  from  Ottawa. 
He  was  somewhat  peculiar  in  some  respects,  more  especially  in  his  notions  on 
the  subject  of  religion.     He  greatly  deplored  the  wickedness  of  the  world,  but, 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  533 

curious  as  it  may  seem,  placed  the  responsibility  on  the  Creator.  He  reasoned 
that  if  God  created  everything,  He  was  also  the  author  of  sin.  Further,  that 
if  God  is  omnipotent.  He  is  not  only  able  to  control  sin,  but  to  abolish  it;  and 
that  He  is,  therefore,  directly  guilty  of  all  of  the  wickedness  in  the  world.  He 
made  frequent  appointments  to  preach  his  peculiar  doctrine,  and  discoursed  on 
the  subject  with  much  ingenuity,  but  Avith  poor  success  in  the  way  of  conver- 
sions. A  favorite  method  of  presenting  his  faith  was  to  arraign  the  Author  of 
the  Universe  as  a  criminal  before  a  bar  of  justice,  and  then  bring  witnesses  to 
prove  Him  guilty.  On  other  subjects  Broomfield  was  sane,  and  transacted  busi- 
ness with  the  utmost  precision.  Jacob  Phillips  came,  with  his  father,  from 
Ohio.  The  elder  Phillips  was  a  very  zealous  Methodist,  and  i^racticed  the 
religion  he  professed.  Jacob  Phillips  is  still  a  resident,  and  is  one  of  the  old- 
est settlers  in  this  part  of  the  county. 

From  1840  to  1850,  Charles  Paget,  John  and  M.  A.  Smith,  Charles  Dixon, 
Zephaniah  Schwartz,  James  Calder,  Wm.  Bowman,  James  and  Malley  Brown, 
Charles,  Harvey  and  Samuel  Thompson  made  their  appearance.  Charles  Pa- 
get's  advent  into  the  township  marks  the  beginning  of  that  decided  agitation  of 
the  Abolition  movement  which  has  not  only  made  this  town  notorious,  but  has 
had  great  influence  in  molding  the  public  sentiment  of  the  whole  county.  He 
was  perfectly  fearless,  and  made  assaults  on  the  institution  of  slavery  in  every 
place  and  under  all  circumstances ;  and  neither  threats  nor  bribes  were 
sufficient  to  cause  him  to  hold  his  peace.  The  ground  of  his  agitation  has  now 
passed  away,  and  Paget's  voice  is  not  heard  advocating  the  cause  of  the  down- 
trodden race ;  but  the  Avork  of  liberation  is  credited  to  him,  with  others  who 
were  bold  enough  to  speak  his  sentiments  in  that  time.  Mr.  Paget  is  still  a 
resident  of  the  tOAvnship,  and  is  engaged  in  buying  and  selling  cattle.  The 
Smith  families  are  still  represented  in  the  town,  though  the  two  original  settlers 
of  that  name  are  both  dead. 

Zephaniah  Schwartz  came  here  from  Magnolia  and  lived  until  a  dozen  years 
ago,  when  he  moved  to  Streator,  and  opened  the  hotel  now  known  as  the  Streator 
House.  James  Calder  came  to  the  township  nearly  forty  years  ago,  and  still 
resides  here.  John  Calder,  father  of  the  above,  was  originally  from  Scotland. 
He  died  recently  at  the  advanced  age  of  93,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was 
the  oldest  Freemason,  with  two  exceptions,  in  the  State.  His  wife,  to  whom 
he  had  been  married  sixty  years,  still  survives,  at  the  age  of  82. 

The  Browns,  with  their  father,  were  from  Magnolia.  The  elder  Brown  died 
years  ago,  but  the  two  sons  still  reside  in  the  township.  Charles  Harvey  was  a 
hunter  and  trapper,  and  made  his  home  for  several  years  in  the  timber,  making 
the  business  of  hunting  his  only  occupation.  In  the  time  of  which  we  write, 
game  of  all  kinds  was  very  plenty,  and  old  settlers  are  wont  to  tell  how  they 
killed  a  dozen  deer  in  a  day,  sometimes  bringing  down  two  or  more  at  a  single 
shot.  Wild  turkeys  and  prairie  chickens  were  so  plenty  as  to  become  almost 
an  annoyance.     Harvey  moved  further  west  some  years  ago. 


534  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Samuel  Thompson  lived  here  a  few  years,  and  then  changed  his  residence  to 
Reading,  where  he  still  resides.  Moses  Rummery  still  resides  here.  He  came 
to  this  vicinity  in  1853.  Mr.  Rummery  is  known  as  one  of  the  old  "  wheel 
horses  "  of  anti-slavery,  and  has  never  been  known  to  let  an  occasion  slip  of 
punishing  his  opponents  when  words  would  tell  upon  them. 

In  1848,  George  Sardinia  and  Xenophon  Richards,  their  sisters  and  brother- 
in-law  Russell  Nelson,  made  the  first  settlement  on  the  prairie.  They  were 
from  the  State  of  Michigan.  This  was  the  year  of  the  completion  of  the  Michi- 
gan and  Illinois  Canal,  and  from  this  time  forward,  for  several  years,  a  good 
many  emigrants  came  from  Northern  Ohio  and  Indiana  and  Southern  Michigan 
by  way  of  the  canal.  The  Richardses  settled  in  the  vicinity  of  the  site  of  New 
Michigan,  and  named  the  locality  after  their  native  State.  These  were  enter- 
prising and  progressive  men.  When  they  went  so  far  out  on  the  open  prairie 
to  select  their  location  for  a  home,  they  were  pitied  by  those  who  lived  near  the 
timber,  and  admonished  that  they  would  scarcely  survive  a  single  Winter.  They 
also  deprecated  their  loss  of  social  privileges  and  of  neighborly  protection 
against  thieves,  with  which  the  country  was  then  infested.  However,  after 
awhile  their  sympathy  turned  to  ridicule,  and  finally  to  opposition,  as  the  prairie 
settlers  were  stirring  fellows,  and  the  "  settlement  on  the  plains  "  bid  fair  to 
rival  the  timber  people.  One  of  the  first  things  proposed  by  them  was  to  organ- 
ize a  school  for  the  benefit  of  their  own  children,  and  the  children  of  those  who 
might  settle  near  them.  A  few  years  later,  a  move  was  made  by  them  to  estab- 
lish a  public  school  at  this  place,  which  met  with  decided  opposition,  as  it  was 
believed  it  would  injure  the  one  already  in  operation  in  the  edge  of  the  timber. 
However,  gradually  the  opposition  wore  away  and  this  neighborhood  became 
popular  to  such  an  extent  that  it  was  proposed  to  lay  off"  a  town  at  the  place. 
This,  as  before  intimated,  was  done  by  Martin  A.  Newman.  As  soon  as  the 
town  had  been  platted  and  it  had  become  known  that  a  trading  point  was  to  be 
established  here,  settlements  in  the  vicinity  were  frequent.  By  this  time  it  had 
been  ascertained  that  the  land  was  of  a  better  quality  than  that  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity  of  the  river.  Coal  was  beginning  to  be  mined  also,  which  made 
the  prairie  people  more  independent  in  regard  to  fuel.  Then,  too,  the  canal 
was  completed,  and  lumber  could  be  had  at  Ottawa,  instead  of  the  necessity  of 
going  to  Chicago  for  it.  M.  A.  Newman  started  a  little  store  in  the  new  vil- 
lage ;  other  parties  opened  blacksmith  shop,  shoemaker  shop  and  other  branches 
of  business,  and  soon  New  Michigan  was  the  most  thriving  village  in  the  county. 
The  town  also  drew  about  it  men  of  education,  intelligence  and  piety,  and 
churches  were  soon  organized  and  houses  of  worship  erected.  In  1854,  the 
Great  Air  Line  Railroad,  which  proved  to  be  all  that  its  title  suggested,  was 
projected,  and  thus  a  further  impetus  was  given  to  the  prosperity  of  the  village 
and  township.  Before  the  date  last  mentioned,  a  large  number  of  families  had 
made  their  appearance  in  all  parts  of  the  township,  among  which  are  remem- 
bered Otis  Whaley,  son-in-law  of  Moses   Rummery.  C  G.   Cusick,  Otho  and 


HISTORV  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  535 

son  Otho  F.  Pearre,  Horace  H.  Hinman,  Flavius  Manley,  Alexander  Savage, 
James  and  Thomas  Gibson,  Eben  Norton,  Charles  Decker,  George,  James  and 
William  Applegate  and  Joshua  and  son  David  Mcintosh.  Whaley  and  Hin- 
man were  both  of  the  Abolition  school,  not  only  as  pupils  but  as  teachers  ;  and 
they  never  let  a  picnic  or  meeting  of  any  kind  pass  but  that  a  good  word  was 
said  for  the  negro.  Hinman  was  a  man  of  education,  as  well  as  of  ideas,  and 
enforced  his  doctrine  in  such  a  manner  as  to  almost  overcome  opposition. 

He  was  the  first  School  Commissioner  after  the  adoption  by  the  State  of  a 
school  system. 

Otho  Pearre  was  a  man  of  intelligence,  and  was  highly  respected  by  the  cit- 
izens of  the  town.  Joshua  Mcintosh  was  a  local  Methodist  preacher— a  man 
of  much  native  talent  and  an  impressive  talker.  David  Mcintosh  is  one  of  the 
best  business  men  in  the  county;  has  been  School  Treasurer  of  the  township' 
nearly  twenty  years ;  and  as  Representative  in  the  Legislature  from  this  dis- 
trict, made  a  record  which  does  honor  to  himself  and  his  constituents. 

In  1856,  there  existed  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  of  New 
Michigan  and  vicinity,  that  this  would  be  a  town  of  more  than  ordinary  impor- 
tance. The  Air  Line  Railroad  had  been  surveyed  through  the  township,  and 
reports  were  current  that  English  and  American  capitalists  were  interesting 
themselves,  with  a  view  to  making  this  a  national  east  and  west  railroad.  It  is 
not  surprising,  then,  with  this  prospect  in  view,  and  with  the  intelligence  and 
culture  of  the  community,  that  a  move  should  be  made  to  establish  in  their 
midst  an  institution  of  learning  of  a  higher  grade  than  that  afforded  by  the 
common  schools.  Accordingly  the  Livingston  Academy  was  founded.  The 
projectors  and  proprietors  of  the  scheme  were  Washington  Houston,  William 
Strawn,  Otis  Whaley,  C.  P.  Paget,  Eben  Norton,  C.  G.  Cusick  and  Moses 
Rummery.  With  such  men  as  these  as  organizers,  the  project  was  sure  of  accom- 
plishment; and  a  building  and  a  corps  of  teachers  were  s6on  on  the  ground. 
Thefirstyear,  E.  B.  Neville  was  put  in  charge  of  the  institution.  Though  the 
proprietors  and  many  of  the  citizens  were  enthusiastic  in  regard  to  the  enter- 
prise, they  doubtless  left  out  of  account  a  few  necessary  elements  of  success, 
among  which  was  the  necessary  growth  of  the  town,  which  was  dependent  on 
the  completion  of  the  railroad,  and  from  which  was  to  come,  in  a  great  measure, 
the  support  of  the  academy.  The  school  was  kept  up  one  year;  and  then,  for 
two  years,  the  building  was  idle.  In  the  Fall  of  1859,  0.  F.  Pearre  was  em- 
ployed, and  took  charge  of  the  school  for  three  years.  During  his  adminis- 
tration, through  a  good  deal  of  hard  work,  the  school  was  quite  prosperous. 
However,  at  the  end  of  the  period  named,  Mr.  Pearre  accepted  the  position  of 
Principal  of  the  Dwight  school ;  and  then  the  academy  drooped,  and  finally 
died.  The  building  of  other  railroads— the  Illinois  Central  and  the  Chicago 
k  Alton — attracted  the  attention  of  merchants,  mechanics  and  tradesmen  to  other 
points,  and  in  a  few  years  New  Michigan,  with  its  institutions,  lost  rank.  It 
continued  to  be  a  local   trading  point,  until  within  a  few  years,  when  it  was 


536  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

overshadowed  by  Streator;  and  later,  when  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Raih'oad 
was  completed,  and  a  station  established  within  a  short  distance,  the  place,  as  a 
business  point,  was  entirely  abandoned.  One  of  the  churches  was  moved  away, 
all  of  the  stores  were  closed,  the  post  office  was  abolished,  and  the  academy 
having  been  a  few  years  before  consumed  by  fire,  nothing  remains  but  a  few 
dwelling  houses,  as  a  monument  of  blasted  hopes. 

The  first  church  building  erected  in  Livingston  County  was  the  one  known 
as  the  "  Old  Bethel,"  of  this  township.  Although  a  very  modest  looking  aflair,  as- 
it  now  stands,  weather-beaten  and  decaying,  it  outranks  all  its  present  contem- 
poraries, in  the  one  thing  that  makes  it  interesting  in  antiquity.  It  does  not 
look  as  though  it  could  have  cost  more  than  $300  at  first ;  and  probably  it  did 
not.  It  was  sold  some  years  ago,  by  its  original  owners,  for  half  the  amount 
named.  It  is  thirty  feet  wide,  by  forty  in  length,  and  the  ceiling  is  only  eight 
feet  in  height.  It  is  built  mostly  of  hard-wood  lumber,  weather-boarding  and 
all.  As  much  of  the  lumber  as  could  be  obtained  in  the  neighborhood  was  used 
in  its  construction;  the  balance,  such  as  shingles,  window-sash  and  a  small 
amount  of  pine  boards,  were  brought  from  Ottawa.  Amos  Lundy,  Ewin 
Houchin  and  Henry  Lundy  were  some  of  the  principal  originators  of  the 
enterprise.  Amos  Hart,  once  Sheriff  of  Livingston  County,  and  Orlando- 
Chubbuck,  now  a  lawyer  of  Streator,  have  immortalized  themselves  in  connec- 
tion with  this  house,  as  its  architects  and  builders.  The  building  was  com- 
pleted in  1848,  and  stood  for  nearly  nine  years — the  only  house  of  the  kind  in 
the  county.  The  old  church  now  belongs  to  the  United  Brethren  society,  but 
is  not  at  present  used  for  any  purpose. 

The  United  Brethren  also  have  a  comfortable  house  of  worship  in  the  village 
of  New  Michigan. 

The  first  attempt  at  newspaper  publishing  was  made  here  in  1853.  Thomas 
Cotton,  who  has  been  mentioned  in  several  other  townships  as  a  preacher  of  the 
Methodist  denomination,  was  the  projector  of  the  scheme.  The  name  of  the 
publication  was  the  Vermilion  Herald.  He  obtained  quite  a  number  of  sub- 
scribers and  issued  the  first  number.  It  is  said  to  have  been  quite  a  sprightly 
little  paper,  and  great  hopes  were  entertained  that  it  would  be  successful ;  but 
after  careful  calculation  of  expenses  and  profits,  its  proprietor  concluded  that  it 
would  break  him  up,  and  he  did  not  issue  a  second  number.  He  had  obtained 
a  good  many  cash  subscribers,  and  on  all  of  these  he  called  and  tendered  the 
price  they  had  advanced  for  the  paper.  About  three  years  later,  the  first  copy 
of  the  Livingston  County  News,  published  at  Pontiac,  made  its  appearance. 

One  of  the  most  sad  and  mournful  accidents  that  have  occurred  in  the  county, 
happened  here  September  13,  1877.  Three  young  men,  Clark  Cusick,  Isaac 
Rummery  and  James  Scovell,  undertook  the  job  of  cleaning  out  an  old  well,  on 
the  farm  of  C.  G.  Cusick,  formerly  owned  by  Otho  Pearre.  The  well  was  about 
thirty-five  feet  deep.  Rummery  was  let  down  by  means  of  a  rope,  and  when 
within  ten  feet  of  the  bottom,  he  let  go  of  the  rope  and  fell.     Perceiving  that 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  53T 

an  accident  had  occurred  to  their  companion,  Cusick  hastened  down  to  his  relief, 
but  had  not  been  let  down  more  than  fifteen  feet,  when  he  also  fell.  Then 
young  Scovell,  who  was  a  grandson  of  C.  G.  Cusick,  was  let  down  ;  but  he  fell 
before  he  had  proceeded  ten  feet.  Assistance  was  obtained  as  soon  as  possible, 
and  some  old  well-diggers  coming  upon  the  spot  pronounced  the  well  infected 
with  "damps,"  or  carbonic  acid  gas.  Burning  straw  being  thrown  into  the  well, 
and  instantly  being  extinguished,  proved  their  theory  correct,  and  that  the  per- 
sons at  the  bottom  were  dead.  Grappling  irons  were  then  brought  into  requi- 
sition, and  three  hours  after  the  bodies  had  all  been  brought  to  the  surface. 
The  names  of  the  parties  will  be  recognized  as  descendants  of  some  of  the  first 
settlers,  and  most  esteemed  citizens  of  the  township.  The  accident  cast  a  deep 
gloom  over  the  whole  community. 

The  township  of  Newtown  was  organized  April  6,  1858,  by  the  election  of 
Supervisor  and  other  officers.  This  part  of  the  county  had,  prior  to  this  time, 
been  set  off  as  a  voting  precinct,  with  Judges  of  Election,  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Constable,  and  was  called  the  "  New  Michigan  Precinct."  Charles  Decker, 
whose  name  will  be  recognized  as  one  of  the  old  settlers,  had  served  in  the 
capacity  of  Justice  of  the  Peace  from  the  establishing  of  the  precinct  in  1854. 
until  the  organization  of  the  town  in  1858.  The  first  Supervisor  was 
Eben  Norton,  who  is  the  only  man  serving  on  the  Board  at  the  present 
time  who  was  a  member  at  the  first  meeting.  Since  1858,  the  Super- 
visors in  succession  have  been  as  follows :  Eben  Norton,  C.  H.  Hart, 
Otho  Pearre,  David  Mcintosh,  Chester  Manley,  Jacob  Phillips,  David  Hoobler, 
Z.  E,.  Jones  and  Stephen  Hinds.  The  following  is  a  complete  list  of  the  town- 
ship officers  as  returned  for  1878  :  Stephen  Hinds,  Supervisor  ;  William  A. 
Phillips,  Clerk ;  John  S.  Paget,  Collector ;  David  Mcintosh,  Treasurer  of 
Schools  :  John  Forsythe,  Assessor  ;  Z.  R.  Jones  and  E.  Sheibley,  Justices  of 
the  Peace ;  F.  M.  Davis  and  A.  J.  Fulwiler,  Constables,  and  Jacob  Phillips, 
James  Mortlan  and  Z.  R.  Jones,  Road  Commissioners. 

In  1855,  when  the  present  system  of  schools  was  adopted  (which  indeed  was 
the  first  public  school  system  adopted  in  the  State),  Newtown  Township  ha(|| 
more  schools  within  its  limits  than  any  other  in  •  the  county.  More  attention 
was  given  to  education  in  this  locality  than  in  any  locality  within  forty  miles. 
Though  one  township  reports  eight  more  children  than  this,  Newtown  had  twice 
as  many  schools,  and  171  scholars  in  the  schools  against  110  in  any  other. 

A  few  items  extracted  from  the  report  of  John  Hoobler,  first  School  Treasurer^ 
will  doubtless  be  interesting.  In  many  particulars,  as  compared  with  other 
townships  at  that  date,  they  will  be  found  much  higher. 

Number  of  schools ', 4 

Number  of  persons  under  21  345 

Number  of  scholars  in  attendance  at  schools 171 

Highest  wages  paid  teachers,  per  month $  33  33^ 

Amount  paid  for  support  of  schools 1,421  00 


538  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

For  the  purpose  of  comparing  with  the  present,  a  few  items  from  the  report 

of  D.  Mcintosh,  for  the  year  1877,  are  also  given. 

Number  of  schools 9 

Number  of  persons  under  21 493 

Number  of  scholars  in  attendance  at  school 293 

Number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 340 

Number  of  teachers 21 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers |2,705  00 

Total  paid  for  the  support  of  schools 3,511  00 

In  the  selection  of  teachers,  this  township  has  almost  always  been  very  fort- 
unate. Some  of  the  best  schools  in  the  county  have  been  taught  here,  and 
many  of  the  best  teachers  have  been  educated  in  these  schools. 

As  might  be  expected  from  the  sentiments  which  had  prevailed  in  this  town- 
ship for  many  years  prior  to  the  war  which  liberated  4,000,000  of  slaves,  many 
of  the  young  men  shouldered  their  muskets  and  marched  to  the  scene  of  action, 
thus  proving  by  their  acts  their  belief  in  the  doctrines  taught  them  by  their 
fathers.  Some  never  returned  alive.  The  names  of  a  few  are  given  as  remem- 
bered :  Henry  F.  Houston  was  killed  at  Gallatin,  Tenn.  ;  John  Benrick  was 
killed  by  accident  in  Tennessee;  Wm.  R.  Houchin  was  killed  at  Bowling  Green, 
Ky. ;  Franklin  Hoobler  was  accidentally  killed  at  Buck's  Lodge,  Tenn.  Some 
others,  whose  names  we  could  not  get,  died  either  of  wounds  or  of  army  diseases, 
some  in  hospital  and  some  living  till  they  had  reached  home,  dying  among  their 
friends  and  kindred. 

Newtown  Township  consists  of  a  little  less  than  a  full  Congressional  town,  the 
west  line  of  the  township  being  Vermilion  River,  which  cuts  off  all  of  Sections 
30  and  31  and  parts  of  7,  18  and  19  of  Township  30  north.  Range  4  east  of  the 
Third  Principal  Meridian,  and  throwing  this  territory  into  Reading  Township. 
The  river,  however,  flows  through  the  northeast  corner  of  Section  30,  Range  3, 
and  these  add  about  two  sections  of  that  town  to  Newtown,  thus  making  the 
township  consist  of.  about  thirty -four  full  sections.  In  the  general  appearancet 
of  its  surface  it  much  resembles  Sunbury,  which  lies  on  the  east,  being  somewha 
%olling.  About  one-sixth  of  the  land  is  covered  by  the  timber  of  the  Vermil- 
ion and  Mud  Creek.  These  streams  of  water,  together  with  some  small  tribu- 
taries, furnish  stock  water  to  almost  all  of  the  farms  in  the  western  and  southern 
parts.  Coal  is  believed  to  underlie  the  whole  township.  Considerable  mining 
has  already  been  done  in  the  west  part,  along  the  river,  where  the  coal  crops 
out. 

At  Vermilion  City,  where  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad 
crosses  the  Vermilion  River,  the  Vermilion  Coal  Company  have  sunk  shafts 
from  which  immense  quantities  of  the  article  are  taken.  The  Western  Division 
of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  crosses  the  township  from  east  to  west,  giving 
the  township  a  direct  outlet  to  Chicago  by  way  of  Dwight.  The  Chicago,  Pekin 
k  Southwestern  Railroad  traverses  a  small  portion  of  the  northwestern  corner, 
and  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  passes  through  the  town  from  northwest  to  southeast. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  539 

The  stations  on  the  several  roads  in  this  township  are  Smithdale.  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  ;  Collins,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  ;  and  Vermilion  City,  on  the 
Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern. 

VILLAGE    OF   COLLINS    OR    NEWTOWN. 

The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  having  been  completed  through  this  part 
of  the  county  in  1871,  and  a  switch  being  laid  at  this  place,  steps  were  imme- 
diately taken  to  found  a  town.  On  the  7th  of  August,  in  the  year  mentioned, 
M.  E.  Collins,  who  had  been  actively  engaged  in  procuring  the  location  of  the 
road,  caused  to  be  laid  out,  from  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  21,  the  plat 
since  known  as  Collins.  A  few  weeks  later,  October  18th,  Jacob  Kuns  and 
David  Hoobler  laid  out  a  second  plat  of  eleven  acres,  from  the  same  section, 
naming  it  Newtown.  While  the  post-office,  established  here  soon  after,  has 
always  retained  the  name  of  Collins,  the  village  has  generally  been  known  by 
the  other  name. 

The  first  house  in  the  limits  of  the  village  was  a  dwelling,  brought  by  M. 
A.  Newman  from  his  farm.  Chester  Manley  built  the  first  dwelling  in  the 
town  ;  and  M.  E.  Collins  erected  the  first  store  building.  David  Hoobler  and 
David  Gouty  moved  a  store  room  from  New  Michigan  the  same  Fall.  Soon 
after,  J.  &  W.  Hossack,  of  Odell,  erected  a  small  warehouse,  built  cribs  and 
commenced  buying  grain.  By  the  Winter  of  1871-2,  business  was  quite  well 
established,  and  thus  bid  fair  to  be  a  town  of  considerable  importance.  Since 
that  time,  the  village  has  continued  to  improve  slowly,  so  that  at  present  there 
are  some  twenty  families  in  the  place. 

In  the  Fall  of  1874,  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  New  Michigan, 
following  the  example  of  other  buildings,  moved  to  the  station.  No  school 
house  has  yet  been  erected,  but  one  is  contemplated,  and  will  doubtless  be  built 
soon,  as  the  wants  of  the  town  demand  such  accommodations. 

VERMILION    CITY. 

This  is  simply  a  settlement  made  by  the  miners  about  the  Vermilion  Coal 
Oo.'s  works,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Vermilion  River,  a  mile  southwest  of  Streator.  A  plat  of  the  place 
was  made  by  A.  C.  Huetson,  for  J.  M.  Walker,  President,  and  A.  T.  Hall, 
Secretary,  of  the  Chicago,  Wilmington  k  Vermilion  Coal  Company.  The  plat 
consists  of  fifty-one  acres,  from  Section  2,  Township  30,  Range  3.  In  the 
record  of  the  plat,  the  right  of  mining  all  coal  beneath  the  land  is  reserved. 
The  town  consists  of  forty  or  fifty  miners  and  other  employes  of  the  Company, 
a  fcAv  of  whom  have  families. 

SMITHDALE. 

This  is  only  a  station  on  the  western  extension  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad.  Wm.  Shepard  laid  out  a  town  here  in  1870.  The  plat  consists  of 
thirty-two  acres,  from  Section  8,  but  has  never  been  improved,  and  the  station- 
house  is  all  that  exists  to  indicate  the  presence  of  a  town. 


540  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


ESMEN  TOWNSHIP. 

It  is  Dot  only  interesting  and  instructive  to  look  over  a  map  of  the  country 
as  it  was  in  the  olden  time,  but,  in  a  sense,  quite  amusing.  If  we  compare  a 
map  of  the  eastern  coast  of  the  United  States,  as  published  by  the  authority 
of  the  British  government  in  the  year  1700,  with  the  more  modern  publications 
of  like  character,  we  shall  find  features  so  different  in  the  two  as  would  not  only 
be  surprising  to  people  ignorant  of  the  history  of  the  country  subsequent  to 
that  date,  but  which  would  cause  no  little  astonishment  in  the  minds  of  the  well 
informed.  Look  at  a  map  of  the  Northwest  during  a  period  just  prior  to  1765, 
and  you  will  find  it  marked  as  "  French  Territory."  Then  this  same  territory^ 
from  the  date  named  until  1778,  is  delineated  as  a  "British  Province."  After 
this,  from  1778  until  1787,  what  is  now  the  State  of  Illinois  appears  a  part  of 
Virginia.  After  this,  for  thirteen  years,  with  a  vast  amount  of  other  country, 
it  was  called  the  "Northwest  Territory."  [n  1800,  when  our  grandfathers 
were  going  to  school,  they  were  taught  to  call  the  whole  of  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Wisconsin  and  Michigan  by  the  name  of  "  Indiana  Territory,"  and  by  this  title 
it  was  known  until  1809,  when  the  map  makers  again  had  to  change,  and 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin  were  called  the  "  Illinois  Territory."  In  1818,  when 
our  fathers  began  to  study  geography,  the  atlases  in  which  grandfather  and 
grandmother  studied  would  no  longer  answer  the  purpose,  for  Illinois  had  then 
become  a  State,  with  boundaries  co-extensive  with  what  we  now  find  them. 

The  changes  which  have  come  to  the  geographical  features  of  the  State 
since  its  admission  into  the  Union  are  equally  noticeable.  The  original  num- 
ber of  counties  was  only  fifteen.  These  have  been  divided  and  changed  so  that 
we  now  have  102,  each  change  being  a  source  of  grief  to  the  map  publishers. 

The  original  number  of  voting  precincts  in  Livingston  were  only  Center, 
Indian  Grove  and  Bayou ;  but  these  were  divided  as  the  county  settled  up, 
until  1858,  when  there  were  nine.  In  the  year  named,  twenty  townships  were 
organized  out  of  these,  and  since  then  ten  more  have  been  struck  off,  making 
at  present  thirty  separate  organizations. 

The  township  of  Esmen,  like  many  others  of  the  county,  has  worried  the 
map  makers.  In  1835.  there  was  nothing  except  the  creeks,  the  little  strips  of 
timber  on  their  banks,  and  a  sea  of  grass  ;  but  since  then,  changes  have  been 
so  frequent  and  marked  that,  almost  before  a  chart  of  the  township  was  ofi"  the 
press,  a  new  one  was  required. 

The  first  permanent  settlement  made  in  this  township  was  by  John  Chews, 
from  Ohio,  in  the  year  1835.  However,  some  young  men,  whose  names  are  not 
remembered,  came  into  the  neighborhood  a  year  or  two  before,  and  built  a  cabin, 
planted  a  little  corn,  and  did  a  good  deal  of  hunting  and  fishing,  but  had  left 
the  country  before  Chews  came.  At  this  time,  all  the  country  between  Mud 
Creek  (where  Chews  settled)  and  Pontiac,  and  for  forty  miles  to  the  east,  was  an 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  541 

open  plain.  At  Pontiac  were  two  or  three  cabins,  occupied  by  the  Youngs  and 
Weed,  who  eventually  laid  out  the  county  seat  and  became  the  proprietors  of 
the  town.  There  were  yet  no  stores  at  Pontiac,  or  any  other  kind  of  business 
carried  on  either  there  or  at  any  other  point  in  the  county  ;  and  Mud  Creek, 
from  all  appearances,  seemed  as  likely  to  become  the  metropolis  of  the  county 
as  any  other  location.  The  county  had  not  been  vet  laid  out.  but  was  included 
in  other  county  limits.  The  canal  from  Chicago  to  La  Salle  had  not  yet  been 
built,  though  it  had  been  talked  of;  and  so  the  nearest  market  was  Chicago. 
The  early  settler,  however,  cared  but  little  for  markets  or  shops.  His  gun  and 
his  hoe  supplied  him  with  all  the  real  necessaries  of  life,  including  clothing  ; 
and  as  for  luxuries,  he  had  left  them  behind  when  he  set  his  face  toward  the 
then  far  West. 

Chews  lived,  like  all  pioneers,  both  a  hard  and  an  easy  life — hard  as  taking 
into  account  the  many  comforts  and  advantages  which  abounded  in  the  <  ountry 
from  which  he  had  come,  and  easy  as  regards  the  amount  of  actual  labor  per- 
formed to  eke  out  a  living.  He  remained  in  the  township  until  about  1860, 
the  date  of  his  death. 

The  next  settler  was  Wm.  K.  Brown.  He  was  a  mail  contractor,  and  car- 
ried the  bags  from  Ottawa  to  Pontiac  and  Indian  Grove.  He  located  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  the  township,  and  made  this  his  stopping  place,  and  soon 
after  obtained  an  order  for  establishing  the  Sunbury  post-office  at  his  house. 
Though  in  Esmen  Township,  it  was  north  of  the  Creek,  and  was  at  first  called 
by  the  name  which  the  adjoining  township  now  bears.  What  few  mails  were 
then  brought  to  this  part  of  the  country,  were,  of  course,  brought  on  horseback  ; 
and,  though  postage  was  three  to  five  times  what  it  is  now,  and  mails  were  car- 
ried for  a  very  small  salary,  the  postal  service  was  not,  in  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try, self-sustaining.  The  post-boy,  with  his  fleet  horse  and  shrill  horn  to  apprise 
the  community  of  his  approach,  has  become  almost  legendary,  his  place  having 
been  usurped  by  the  steam  horse  and  his  fiery  driver. 

James  Funk  and  William  Ross  settled  in  the  grove,  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  town,  now  known  as  Babcock's  Grove.  They  had  been  in  the 
township  a  few  years,  when,  in  1848,  B.  P.  Babcock  came  from  New  York 
and  bought  them  both  out.  They  each  owned  an  eighty  of  the  grove,  and, 
thinking  to  better  their  condition,  sold  their  claims  and  removed  to  other 
parts. 

"Judge"  Babcock,  as  he  is  more  familiarly  known,  came  from  Utica,  in  the 
year  last  named,  and,  being  highly  pleased  with  the  appearance  and  location  of 
,the  little  grove,  which  has  since  borne  his  name,  concluded  to  make  this  his 
ihome.  Funk  and  Ross  had  each  built  a  little  log  cabin,  near  where  the  Judge's 
jresidence  now  stands,  and  into  one  of  these  he  moved  and  resided  until  he  could 
'erect  a  better  house.  Even  at  the  time  he  came  to  the  country  it  was  but 
Ithinly  settled,  and  neighbors  were  few  and  far  between.  He  relates  that,  while 
Tfioving  his  goods  from  Chicago  to  his  future  home,  and  when  within  twenty-one 


542  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

miles  of  the  Grove,  he  came  upon  a  cabin,  on  the  Mazon  Creek,  which  proved 
to  be  the  abode  of  one  Salt  Marsh.  Babcock  stopped  here  to  water  the  horses, 
and  while  thus  engaged  the  proprietor  of  the  domicile  came  out  and  conversed 
with  different  parties  of  the  moving  company.  Just  as  the  Judge  was  about 
to  move  on,  the  resident  of  Mazon  said  to  him  :  "  Stranger,  are  you  not  the  man 
who  lately  bought  the  grove  just  this  side  of  Pontiac  ?  "  and,  on  being  informed 
that  he  was  right  in  his  suspicions,  he  continued :  "  Well,  now,  as  it  is  late  in  the 
day,  and  you  are  to  be  neighbors,  I  would  like  to  have  you  unhitch  your  horses 
and  stay  with  me  over  night,  so  that  we  may  become  acquainted."  This  fur- 
ther illustrates  the  very  cordial  and  friendly  feeling  that  existed  in  those  times* 
The  stranger  was  perfectly  welcome,  and  all  seemed  glad  to  contribute  to  each 
other's  comfort  and  welfare.  The  petty  jealousies  which  exist  in  older-settled 
communities  were  unknoAvn. 

Mr.  Babcock  has  proved  to  be  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  respected  citi- 
zens of  the  county,  and  in  its  early  days  was  one  of  its  most  popular  and  influ- 
ential politicians.  He  was  the  first  County  Judge,  and  under  the  administration 
of  himself  and  his  two  associates,  Eli  Myer  and  John  Darnall,  the  first  brick 
Court  House  was  built.  They  also  built  the  bridge  across  the  Vermilion,  at 
about  the  same  time.  He  relates  that,  while  the  bridge  enterprise  was  under 
consideration,  he  was  authorized  to  go  to  Chicago  and  contract  with  Messrs. 
Stone  &  Boomer  to  build  the  same.  The  trip  to  the  city  was  taken  on  horse- 
back, and  a  very  favorable  contract  was  obtained.  On  the  assembling  of  the 
court,  at  the  next  session,  the  Judge  presented  his  bill  for  expenses  attending 
his  journey  to  Chicago,  among  the  items  of  which  was  one  day's  board 
at  the  hotel,  $1.50.  Judge  Myer,  after  examining  the  bill  carefully,  re- 
marked that  he  thougTit  "  the  bill  was  in  every  respect  proper,  and  ought 
to  be  paid ;  but  that  he  thought  he  might  have  saved  something  by  stopping 
at  a  cheaper  hotel." 

In  1850,  Hugh  Cummins  came  to  the  township  to  reside,  and  to  marry  the 
oldest  pioneer's  daughter.  Cummins  had  been  one  of  the  old  residents  of  Pon- 
tiac Township,  having  been  in  that  vicinity  six  or  eight  years.  His  first  wife, 
in  the  meantime,  having  died,  and  John  Chew  having  a  comely  daughter,  it  was 
no  hard  matter  to  persuade  Hugh  that  the  soil  in  the  vicinity  of  Mud  Creek 
was  of  a  superior  character,  and  the  daughter  preferring  to  live  near  her  pater- 
nal relatives,  he  removed  his  effects  to  Esmen  and  became  one  of  its  permanent 
and  respectable  citizens. 

The  year  1852  brought  two  of  the  most  substantial  and  useful  citizens  that 
have  ever  resided  in  the  township.  ApoUos  Camp  and  his  son-in-law  Bennett 
Humiston  came  that  year  from  Connecticut.  Camp  had  been  in  the  employ 
of  Seth  Thomas,  a  man  whose  memory  time  will  certainly  never  obliterate;  for 
if  he  has  not  made  time,  he  surely  has  made  more  machines  for  computing  it 
than  any  other  American.  Mr.  Camp  was  the  foreman  of  the  shops  of  the 
great  clock-maker,  and  the  husband  of  the  time-maker's  daughter.    Ben.  Hu- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  54.S 

miston  has  been  a  most  successful  farmer  and  stock  raiser,  and  has  made  a 
fortune  from  the  products  of  the  soil.  Neither  of  these  men  has  ever 
been  much  in  politics  or  in  office — not  because  their  services  were  not 
desired,  but  because  they  preferred  to  give  their  attention  to  their  own 
business,  and  allow  those  who  had  time  and  disposition  to  attend  to  such 
matters.  Camp  still  makes  his  home  in  the  township,  while  Humiston. 
having  built  one  of  the  finest  residences  in  Pontiac,  has  removed  to  that 
place. 

By  the  last  date  mentioned,  that  is  1852,  David  Brown,  Isaac  Dickey,  Cor- 
nelius Walrath  and  James  Day  had  made  their  appearance.  The  first  three 
settled  on  Mud  Creek,  and  the  last  named  was  one  of  the  first,  and  perhaps  the 
very  first,  who  ventured  out  on  the  prairie.  Brown  removed  some  years  ago  to 
Iowa.  Dickey  resided  here  until  his  death,  which  occurred  several  years  since. 
His  widow  still  occupies  the  old  homestead.  Walrath  and  Day  have  both  been 
dead  some  years.  The  last  named  was  a  man  who  took  much  interest  in  edu- 
cation, and  was  the  first  school  treasurer  in  this  township,  being  chosen  to  that 
office  in  1855.  The  next  year  after  Camj)  and  Humiston  arrived,  Moses  Ross 
came  from  Ohio  and  settled  near  them  in  the  center  of  the  township,  where 
he  continued  to  live  until  his  death,  which  occurred  a  year  and  a  half  ago.  No 
further  additional  settlements  are  now  remembered,  until  the  completion  of  the 
railroad,  and  then  they  were  so  frequent  as  to  excite  but  little  interest,  and  no 
exact  information  can  be  had  in  regard  to  the  date  of  their  arrivals.  Suffice  it 
to  say  that  within  five  years  of  the  last-mentioned  date  not  less  than  fifty 
families  had  settled  within  the  limits  of  what  is  now  denominated  Esmen 
Township. 

One  family,  not  on  account  of  respectability  alone,  but  also  on  account  of 
number,  will  receive  special  mention.  Thomas  Pearson,  from  Ohio,  came  to 
the  township  during  the  last-named  period.  He  had  a  large  family  and  had 
married  a  widow  with  another  large  family  ;  and  the  two  together  coming  to  a  new 
country  like  this,  added  very  largely  to  its  population.  The  family  consisted 
of  Thomas  Pearson,  Sr.,  Job,  Ezra,  William,  Jesse,  Moses  and  Thomas  Jr.. 
and  on  the  other  side  Mrs.  Pearson  and  son,  John  Anderson,  and  three  daugh- 
ters. The  sons  and  daughters  were  almost  all  grown  and  several  of  them  mar- 
ried. In  the  meantime,  William  R.  Babcock,  J.  N,  Barr,  C.  W.  Sterry,  Jos. 
Finley,  H.  Marsh,  John  Campbell,  Thornton  Knight,  E,  Chase,  Arlineus 
BroAver  and  others  had  arrived. 

By    the    time    that    the  act  for    township    organization    went    into    effect 

in   this    county,   it  was  found   that  this   Congressional  town   contained   quite 

enough    voters   for  organization   as   a  separate  precinct;    and  it  was  accord- 

1  ingly  set  apart  as  one  of  the  twenty  original  townships.       On  the  6th  day 

!  of  April,  1858,    the   first   election    took    place,   and    Wm.   R.   Babcock  was 

elected  first  Supervisor;   C.W.  Sterry,  Clerk;   John  Campbell,  Assessor;  and 


HI 


-544 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


J,  N.  Barr,  Collector.     Their  successors  to  the  present  time  have  been  as 
follows : 


Date. 


Supervisor. 


Clerk. 


Assessor. 


ISSftW.  R.  Babcock. 

1860  W.  R.  Babcock. 

1861  W.  R.  Babcock. 

1862  W.  R.  Babcock. 

1863  W.  R.  Babcock. 

1864A.  Camp 

1865C.  W.  Sterry.... 

1866  Milton  Wooley.. 

1867  Milton  Wooley.. 
3868,C.  W.  Sterry.... 
1869C.  W.  Sterry.,.. 

1870  Milton  Wooley. 

1871  Milton  Wooley. 

1872  Milton  Wooley 
1873Milton  Wooley. 

1874  Milton  Wooley. 

1875  Milton  Wooley. 

1876  Joseph  Potter... 
1877. Joseph  Potter... 
1878  E.  W.  Pearson. 


C.  W.  Sterry 

C.  W.  Sterry 

C.  W.  Sterry 

C.  W.  Sterry 

H.  F.  Krum 

Edward  Gurnsey. 

George  Clark 

George  Clark 

George  Clark 

George  Clark 

Milton  Wooley.... 
Nelson  A.  Bemis.. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis.. 


John  Campbell.. 
John  Campbell.. 

H.  F.  Krum 

H.  F.  Krum 

E.  G.  Rice 

W.  R.  Babcock.. 
W.  R.  Babcock.. 
•James  Hannum. 

D.  Quint 

Geo.  Hobbs 

Joseph  Rucker.. 
James  Hannum. 
John  Gourley... 


Collector. 


Nelson  A.  Bemis John  Gourley 


Nelson  A.  Bemis. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis. 
Nelson  A.  Bemis. 


John  Gourley.... 
James  Hannum.. 
Joseph  Potter.... 
P.  F.  McDonald. 
P.  F.  McDonald. 
P.  F.  McDonald. 


J.  N.  Barr. 
A.  W.  Camp. 
S.  H.  Putnam. 
S.  H.  Putnam. 
S.  H.  Putnam. 
A.  Brower. 
D.  E.  Gault. 
W.  Worth. 
H.  C.  Streator. 
Joseph  Cowan. 
C.  L.  Dunham. 
Aaron  Ross. 
H.  H.  Hight. 
James  Hannum. 
Geo.  Ni.xon. 
J.  C.  Pearson. 
J.  C.  McGrew. 
A.  W.  Camp. 
F.  P.  Corbin 
F.  P.  Corbin. 


The  balance  of  the  township  officers  elect  are  :  Eli  W.  Pearson,  School 
Treasurer  ;  C.  W.  Sterry  and  A.  W.  Camp,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  E.  W. 
Pearson  and  Thomas  Schlosser,  Constables. 

The  first  school,  as  noted  in  Sunbury  Township,  was  taught  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  township  by  Catharine  Sprague.  As  the  grove  about  Mud 
Creek  was  partly  in  Esmen  and  partly  in  Sunbury,  so,  consequently,  the  first 
settlements  were  made  near  each  other  in  what  is  now  denominated  the  Two 
Sections.  Of  course  the  history  of  the  two  sections  of  the  neighborhood  is  the 
same.  They  had  the  same  school,  the  same  religious  meetings,  and  whatever 
was  an  event  in  one  was  known  and  commented  on  by  all ;  and  until  the  arbi- 
trary lines  made  by  the  commissioners  were  drawn,  this  was  called  the  Mud 
Creek  Precinct.  So,  as  the  foundation  of  the  schools  and  churches  has  already 
been  given  in  a  foi^mer  page,  it  is  not  deemed  necessary  to  repeat  the  same  here. 

From  the  first  report  made  by  the  Township  Treasurer,  James  Day,  in  1855, 
we  are  permitted  to  glean  the  following  facts  :  There  w^ere  in  the  township  two 
public  schools  supported  by  public  money  ;  there  were  97  persons  under  21 
years  of  age,  of  whom  42  were  in  attendance  at  the  schools  :  they  were  sup- 
ported at  an  expense  of  $193.00,  and  the  highest  wages  paid  either  of  the 
teachers  was  $16.00  per  month. 

That  the  reader  may  have  an  idea  of  the  progress  of  education  in  this  town- 
ship during  the  next  twenty-three  years,  the  following  table  is  introduced  : 


No.  of  schools. 

No.  of  schol'rs 

At.  teachers' 
wages. 

Whole  am'unt 
paid  out. 

1866 

1872 

1878 

6 
10 

9 

235 
249 
243 

$22  30 
33  43 
31  80 

11,905  00 
3,245  00 
3,003  00 

NEVADA 


tiN|VW»»»»  »H»M. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  547 

Except  the  two  branches  of  the  Norwegian  Lutheran  Church,  no  religious 
societies  exist  in  the  township ;  though  we  would  not  have  it  understood  that 
the  people  of  this  township  are  strangers  to  the  influence  of  the  Gospel,  for 
they  are  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  churches.  At  Pontiac,  Cayuga,  Odell,  Cor- 
nell and  Blackstone,  all  Avithin  convenient  distance,  are  organizations  to  which 
many  of  the  people  of  Esmen  belong,  and  to  the  support  of  which  they  con- 
tribute. Sunday  schools  and  preaching  in  the  school  houses  are  privileges  of 
which  they  also  avail  themselves. 

The  two  houses  of  worship  alluded  to  are  situated  in  the  southwest  corner 
of  the  township,  one  in  the  village  of  Rowe,  and  the  other  about  a  mile  north- 
west of  town.  The  one  in  the  village  was  built  in  1876,  and  is  still  not  quite 
completed,  though  nearly  enough  so  to  permit  the  holding  of  services.  The 
building  is  thirty  by  forty  feet,  and  has  cost  about  $1,900.  Rev.  J.  I.  Welo  is 
the  present  Pastor. 

The  other  building  Avas  erected  during  the  war,  and  is  of  about  the  same 
size  and  cost  about  the  same  amount.  In  this  building  a  select  school  is  sup- 
ported during  a  portion  of  the  year,  but  more  for  religious  training  than  for  sec- 
ular, the  children  attending  the  public  schools  the  most  of  the  time. 

The  call  of  the  President  for  soldiers  to  suppress  the  rebellion  was  heard  by 
many  in  this  township,  and  hearing,  they  left  all — homes,  firesides,  friends  and 
kindred — and  followed  the  beat  of  the  drum  to  the  field  of  battle.  A  number 
of  the  brave  boys  who  left  us  never  returned.  Their  bones  lie  mingled  with 
the  soil  of  the  country  which  they  went  out  to  rescue  from  the  hands  of  traitors. 
The  names  of  a  few  are  here  given.  There  were  others,  but  on  account  of  an 
unfortunate  method  of  registration,  many  of  the  names  are  accredited  to  other 
towns.  However,  in  the  general  War  Record,  in  a  subsequent  portion  of  this 
work,  will  be  found  not  only  these,  but  the  names  of  all  who  enlisted  from  the 
township.  Among  those  who  were  killed  or  died  from  their  wounds  or  disease, 
are  remembered  :  George  Perry,  Henry  H.  Reid,  Wm.  H.  Perry  and  Andrew 
Allen. 

VILLAGE  OF  ROWE. 

On  the  completion  of  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  among  the  many 
little  towns  which  sprang  up  along  the  line  was  this.  It  was  surveyed  and 
platted  by  A.  C.  Huetson,  from  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  32,  for  James 
Rowe,  the  proprietor,  July  24,  1871.  As  will  readily  be  guessed,  the  name 
iwas  for  the  originator  of  the  scheme.  The  project  has  been  scarcely  as  success- 
ful as  many  who  lived  in  the  vicinity  hoped,  though  it  has  proved  a  great  con- 
Ivenience  to  shippers  of  grain  and  stock,  and  as  a  minor  trading  place ;  and  the 
road  has  been  quite  an  accommodation  as  a  means  of  communication  with  the 
,30unty  seat.  The  village  contains  at  this  time  about  fifty  inhabitants,  one  store, 
one  grain  elevator  and  one  blacksmith  shop.  J.  M.  Rowe  still  owns  the  plat  of 
he  town,  though  he  has  removed  to  the  town  of  Sheridan  in  this  State. 


548  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  , 

Esmen,  otherwise  in  the  survey  described  as  Town  29  north,  Range  5  east 
of  the  Third  Principal   Meridian,  is   bounded    north  by  Sunbury  Township ; 
east  by  Odell ;  south  by  Pontiac,  and  west  by  Amity.     Its  surface  is  slightly 
undulating  in  the  eastern  part,  and  somewhat  more  level  in  the  southwestern 
part.     Nearly  all  of  the  land  is  of  an  excellent  quality,  though  in  portions  of 
the  township,  the  soil,  being  rather  thin  with  a  clay  subsoil,  is  rendered  subject 
to  drought.     It  is  traversed  by  Wolf  Creek  and  its  branches.  Baker's  Run  and 
Mud  Creek,  all  of  which  flow  from  the  township  on  its  western  side,  and  empty 
into  the  Vermilion.     The   Chicago   &   Alton   Railroad  from  the   northeast  to 
southwest,  cuts  oif  a  few  acres  from  the  southeast  corner  of  Section  36,  near  the 
village  of  Cayuga.     The  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  passes  through  the  south- 
western part,  from  northwest  to  southeast,  cutting  off"  two  sections  from  the  south- 
west corner.     Perhaps  two  sections  in  the  vicinity  of  Mud  Creek,  and  a  quarter 
section  at  the  head  of  Wolf  Creek,  called  Babcock's  Grove,  embrace  all  of  the 
timber  in  the  township. 

The  valuation  of  property  for  the  year  1877  was  $475,986,  as  returned  by 
the  Assessor. 

READING  TOWNSHIP. 

A  few  periods  in  the  history  of  every  nation,  of  every  man   and  of  every 
locality  are  seemingly  of  more  importance  than  all  of  the  balance  of  their 
existence.     Probably  no  year  in  the  history  of  Illinois  has  been  more  eventful 
than  that  of  1832.     Certainly  no  year  has  brought  so  much  anxiety  and  excite- 
ment to  Central  and  Northwestern  Illinois  as  did  the  one  named.     Previous  to 
this  time,  it  is  true,  there  was  considerable  unrest  and  fear  experienced  by  the 
inhabitants  from  their  red  neighbors,  the  Indians.     Though,  to  all  outward 
appearances,  they  were  on  friendly  terms,  yet  the  former,  conscious  that  they 
were  encroaching  on  the  assumed  rights  of  the  others,  and  knowing  full  well 
their  dispositions  and  their  sensitiveness  on  the  subject,  were  all  the  while 
apprehensive  of  trouble.     During  the  year  mentioned,  all  of  their  forebodings 
and  much  more  were  realized.     Black  Hawk  and  his  allies  had  been  wrought  up 
to  such  a  pitch  that  neither  threats  nor  promises  by  the  Government  or  the  State 
would  longer  avail,  and  war  between  the  two  races  seemed  inevitable.     The 
State  and  nation  were  prompt  to  deal  with  the  belligerents,  but  not  until  a  num- 
ber of  wholesale  butcheries  had  been  perpetrated,  were  the  Indians  brought  into 
subjection  and  removed   from  the  State.     In  the  mean  time,  though  no  actual 
demonstration  occurred  in  this  section,  yet  all  were  in  such  a  state  of  suspense  and 
anxiety  that  the  county  was   for  a  time   entirely  deserted,  some  going  to  the 
nearest  fortifications  for  protection,  and  others  returning  to  their  friends  in  the 
East,  to  be  out  of  harm's  way  until  the  troubles  might  blow  over.     After  peace 
and  order  had  been  restored,  those  who  had  for  a  time  left  their  pioneer  homes 
returned,  bringing  with  them  many  new  settlers.      Of  this  number  were  Jacob 
Moon  and  his  sons,  Rees,  Albert  and  Thomas,  and  daughter  Margaret.     These 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  549 

were  the  original  and  first  settlers  of  what  is  now  Reading  Township.  They 
were  from  the  State  of  Ohio,  a-nd,  like  all  early  emigrants  from  wooded  countries, 
were  attracted  by  the  timber  and  water  features  of  the  country,  and  hence  set- 
tled in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  river,  and  near  the  little  stream  of  water 
which  now  bears  their  name.  The  point  of  timber,  still  known  as  Moon's 
Point,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  spots  in  this  part  of  the  country,  and  no 
wonder  is  expressed  that  they  should  have  been  pleased  with  the  fine  scenery  as 
well  as  satisfied  with  the  more  material  prospects.  At  the  time  of  which  we  speak, 
there  were  not  to  exceed  a  dozen  families  in  the  whole  county,  of  which  were 
Rook,  at  Rook's  Creek,  the  McDowells  at  Avoca,  and  Darnalls  at  Indian  Grove. 
These  were  from  ten  to  fifteen  miles  apart ;  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  some 
trepidation  was  felt  at  the  nearness  of  the  wild  men,  and  of  their  very  insecure 
condition,  should  an  enemy  appear.  Even  after  the  troubles  were  all  over, 
frequent  frights  occurred.  It  is  related  of  one  of  the  Moons  that,  one  evening, 
on  his  return  from  work,  seeing  his  wife  at  a  distance  from  the  house,  he  gave 
the  well  known  Indian  war-whoop,  and  was  rewarded  for  his  little  pleasantry  by 
seeing  his  wife  go  into  spasms,  from  which  she  was  recovered  with  great  diffi- 
culty. The  Moons  were  not  alone  in  the  township  a  great  length  of  time,  for 
in  a  short  time  they  were  joined  by  others  from  their  native  State. 

Daniel  Barackman,  or  "Bergman,"  as  the  name  was  spelled  in  the  German 
language,  came  from  Ohio  a  very  short  time  after  the  Moons  had  lifted  the  light 
of  their  countenances  upon  the  region.  This  family  Avas  a  very  large  one,  and 
this,  with  the  large  Moon  family,  went  a  good  ways  toward  settling  the  township. 
The  family  consisted  of  Daniel  Barackman,  Sr.,  James,  Upton,  Jacob,  Benja- 
min, Daniel,  Jr.,  and  daughters  Harriet  and  Mary  Ann.  Of  these  original 
settlers  but  few  still  remain,  but  their  descendants  are  quite  numerous.  The 
original  Moons  are  all  dead  ;  and  all  of  the  first  Barackmans,  except  Benja- 
min and  Daniel,  Jr.,  are  either  dead  or  have  removed  to  other  parts. 

M.  I.  Ross,  mentioned  in  Pontiac  Township,  settled  here  in  1835.  He  was 
clerk  of  the  first  precinct  election,  held  at  the  house  of  Alexander  Breckinridge 
in  the  Bayou  Precinct.  He  was  the  first  C.  C.  C.  C,  as  he  signs  himself — 
Clerk  of  the  County  Commissioners'  Court.  He  lived  here  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  at  an  early  date. 

It  may  seem  almost  unaccountable  that  for  the  next  fifteen  years,  scarcely  a 
new  settlement  was  made  in  this  township.  However,  when  it  is  remembered 
that  the  prairie  lands  of  Livingston  County  did  not  find  purchasers  until  1848, 
or  a  little  later,  and  that  though  one  whole  side  of  the  township  is  bordered  with 
timber,  it  is  mentioned  that  the  Moons  and  Barackmans  occupied  nearly  all 
of  it,  the  explanation  becomes  easy.  There  were  several  of  the  Moon  fam- 
ilies, and  also  several  families  of  the  Barackmans,  and  they  spread  themselves 
along  the  whole  side  of  the  township.  In  Amity  it  was  quite  different.  The 
edge  of  the  timber  bordering  on  the  prairies  was  nearly  four  times  as  great  in 
length,  and  the  families  who  settled  did  not  usually  consist  of  grown-up  and 


550  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

married  sons  and  daughters  ;  hence  the  amount  of  land  occupied  by  a  single 
family  was  much  less,  and  there  being  a  much  longer  stretch  of  timber,  made 
room  for  nearly  four  times  as  many  settlers.  It  was  not  until  about  1848  that 
the  township  began  to  fill  up,  and  settlements  began  to  be  made  in  the  prairie. 
By  1854,  which  is  generally  named  as  the  end  of  the  pioneer  period  in  these 
parts,  about  a  dozen  families,  mostly  from  Ohio,  moved  into  the  neighborhood, 
entered  land  and  became  permanent  residents.  Of  these  were  the  Defenbaughs, 
Bussards,  Mathises  and  Millses,  almost  all  of  whom  were  from  the  same  neigh- 
borhood. The  original  Defenbaughs  were  Samuel,  Andrew  and  John.  The 
descendants  of  these,  together  with  others  who  have  come  more  recently  to  the 
neighborhood,  constitute  the  largest  number  of  a  single  connection  in  the 
township.  The  time  has  been  when  almost  every  second  person  met  would 
prove  to  be  a  Defenbaugh. 

Jacob  and  William  Bussard  were  brothers,  the  former  of  whom  is  dead  (the 
widow  living  in  the  village  of  Reading),  and  the  latter  residing  in  the  town- 
ship. Jerry  and  Caleb  Mathis  were  amongst  the  very  first  who  entered  land 
here,  their  names  appearing  upon  the  original  entry  book  as  early  as  1852. 
Caleb  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  town  of  Reading,  and  for  him  and  David 
Boyle  the  town  was  laid  out,  in  the  early  part  of  1851. 

Jeremiah  Mathis  was  the  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  what  is  now  known 
as  Reading,  being  elected  to  the  office  in  1854. 

John  Mills  and  sons,  John  W.,  Joshua  and  Thomas,  came  in  1851,  the  first 
three  settling  in  this  township,  and  the  last  just  across  the  line  in  Long  Point. 
This  family  is  known  and  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  substantial  and  straight 
in  the  township.  John  Mills,  Sr.,  has  been  dead  several  years.  The  sons  still 
reside  where  they  first  settled.  J.  C.  Mills  was  the  first  Collector  elected  in 
Reading  Township,  was  Supervisor  a  number  of  terms,  and  has  held  many 
other  official  positions. 

Ephraim  Clark  is  one  of  the  solid  men  of  this  part  of  the  county.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  two  Justices  of  the  Peace  elected  after  the  township  organiza- 
tion act  was  adopted,  John  A.  Hoskins  being  the  other.  Hoskins  was  a  man 
of  some  note.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  enlist  in  the  service  of  the  country 
during  the  rebellion,  was  elected  Captain  of  Co.  D  of  the  20th  I.  V.  I.,  and 
was  afterward  promoted  to  the  office  of  Major. 

Richard  S.  Hick  was  also  one  of  the  early  settlers.  We  find  his  name 
recoMed  in  the  county  archives  as  a  "Magistrate  of  the  Precinct  of  Reading  " 
in  the  year  1857. 

Wm.  B.  Lyon,  while  he  remained  in  this  section,  was  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent citizens  ;  he  was  also  a  native  of  Ohio,  and  came  to  this  part  of  the 
county  in  1851.  He  was  the  first  School  Treasurer  of  Reading,  being 
appointed  to  that  office  in  1855  ;  and  was  one  of  the  first  merchants  of  Read- 
ing. Upon  his  election  to  the  office  of  Sheriff"  of  the  county,  he  removed  to 
the  county  seat,  and  thus,  while  the  township  was  honored  by  the  selection  of 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


551 


one  of  its  citizens  to  an  important  oflfice,  it  lost  one  of  its  best  citizens,  and  Pon- 
tiac  gained  one. 

The  northwestern  part  of  the  township  was  settled  principally  by  natives  of 
the  "  Keystone  State."  Among  the  earliest  and  most  prominent  were  the  Brad- 
fords,  Woolvertons  and  Kysers.  Joseph  Woolverton  was  elected  from  this  town- 
ship Treasurer  of  the  county,  and  removed  to  Pontiac,  where  he  resided  until 
1876,  when  he  again  removed  to  Colorado.  This  township  has  been  further  hon- 
ored by  the  selection  from  among  its  citizens  of  two  other  men  to  fill  prominent 
offices.  In  1861,  Samuel  Maxwell  was  elected  County  Treasurer.  He  was  at 
the  date  named  the  most  prominent  politician  in  Livingston  County,  and  could 
manage  elections  and  manipulate  caucuses  in  a  manner  that  surprised  every- 
body, especially  his  opponents.  Maxwell  removed  to  Missouri  about  ten  years 
ago.  Amos  Hart  was  elected  Sheriff  in  1864,  and  resided  in  Pontiac  until  a 
few  years  ago,  when  he  went  to  California  to  hunt  gold,  where  he  is  at  present. 

In  1858,  the  population  of  the  township  had  increased  to  about  400,  and 
the  voting  population  was  nearly  100.  Previous  to  this,  what  is  now  Reading 
and  a  small  part  of  Long  Point,  were  known  as  the  Reading  Precinct ;  but  in 
the  year  mentioned,  all  that  portion  of  Town  30,  Range  4,  west  of  the  Vermil- 
ion, and  all  of  Town  30,  Range  3,  were  set  off  by  the  commissioners  as  a  sep- 
arate precinct  or  political  township,  and  an  election  ordered  for  the  6th  of  April. 

At  this  election,  J.  S.  R.  Overholt  was  elected  Supervisor ;  Alex.  H.  Boyd, 
Clerk;  Christopher  Brazee,  Assessor;  J.  C.  Mills,  Collector;  Albert  Moon, 
Overseer  of  the  Poor;  Samuel  Woolverton,  J.  G.  Defenbaugh  and  Hugh  Grant, 
Commissioners  of  Highways. 

The  successors  to  the  principal  offices  have  been  : 


Date. 


1859 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 

1865 

186G 

186 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

187-7 


Supervisor. 


Samuel  H.  Bradford. 

J.  C.  Mills 

E.  S.  Woolverton 

J.  C.  Mills   

J.  C.  Mills 

J.  C.  Mills 

J.  C.  Mills 

A.  H.  Boyd 

M.  Tombaugh 

A.  H.  Boyd 

J.  S.  R   Overholt 

A.  Defenbaugh 

A.  Defenbaugh 

A.  Defenbaugh 

A.  Defenbaugh 

A.  Defenbaugli 

L.  H.  Mallery 

John  W.  Mills 

J.  W.  Moon 


Clerk. 


A.  H.  Boyd 

A.  H.  Boyd 

A.  H.  Boyd 

A.  S.  Bradford.... 

A.  H.  Boyd 

A.  H.  Boyd 

J.  S.  Gumm 

J.  S.  Gumm 

J.  S.  Gumm 

J.  S.  Gumm 

S.  U.  Thompson.. 

R.  D.  Clark 

L.  H.  Mallery 

L.  H.  Mallery 

L.  H.  Mallery 

J.  F.  Overholt.... 

James  Holt 

James  Holt 


Collector. 


ABsesBor. 


Wm.  B.  Lyon Samuel  Thompson. 

J.  W.  Mills J.  Mathis. 

J.  M.  Black J.  W.  Mills. 

M.  F.  Overholt J.  W.  Mills. 

Wm.  Wilson J.  W.  Mills. 

Wm.  Wilson A.  Defenbaugh. 

Johnson  Bradley E.  S.  Clark. 

C.  Wulzen J.  Mathis. 

C.  Wulzen A.  J.  Bosserman. 

A.  Defenbaugh A.  J.  Bosserman. 

L.  C.  Mills J.  Mathis. 

Johnson  Bradley A.  J.  Bosserman. 

Jacob  Yothers A.  J.  Bosserman. 

A.  J.  Bosserman ).  M.  Gvdve. 

J.  McFadden J.  M.  Grove. 

W.  S.  Krith A.  H.  Boyd. 

J.  F.  Overholt John  Coe. 

L.  N.  Arnold JJ.  M.  Grove. 

J.  Carpenter jJ.  Patterson. 


L.  H.  Mallery 

The  township  officers  elect  for  1878  are  J.  W.  Moon,  Supervisor;  L.  H 
Mallery,  Clerk;  Lovejoy  Hunt,  Collector;  John  Coe,  Assessor;  L.  H.  Mai 
ery  and  J.  H.  Holt,  Justices  of  the  Peace  ;  Samuel  Yorty  and  Joseph  Defen 
baugh,  Constables  ;  and  John  Coe,  School  Treasurer. 


552  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Education  has  received  due  attention  in  this  township.     Our  information  as 
to  the  very  first  school,  by  whom  taught,  and  when,  being  somewhat  conflicting, 
it  is  thought  best  to  venture  no  positive   assertions  ;  but  that  the  first  school 
opened  was  in  a  little  log  building  at  Moon's  Point,  and  that  it  was  at  an  early 
date  is  not  doubted.     We  have  reliable  information  for  stating  that,  in  1856, 
there  were  two  schools,  one  at  Reading  and  the  other  in  the  Barackman  neigh- 
hood  ;  there  were  in  attendance  at  these  schools  110  scholars,  and  that  there 
were  two  other  organized  districts  in  the  township.     In  these  last  mentioned 
districts,  which  were  the  Ancona  and  Woolverton,  houses  were  built  the  next 
year.     One  noticeable  item  in  the  report  of  the  Treasurer  for  that  year,  is  that 
the  average  wages  paid  for  their  Winter  school  was  |47.50  per  month.     This 
was  higher  wages  than  that  paid  in  any  other  township  that  year,  and  is  a  good 
indication  of  a  favorable  sentiment  in  regard  to  the  then  new  public  school 
system.     Since  that  time  material  changes  have  taken  place  in  population,  pol- 
itics and  society,  in  which  the  town  has  shown  commendable  progress,  and  the 
subject  of  education  has  continued  to  hold  a  prominent  place,  as  is  indicated  by 
the  following  figures  extracted  from  the  report  of  the  School   Treasurer  for 
1877: 

Number  of  schools 12 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled 431 

Number  of  persons  between  6  and  21 579 

Number  of  persons  under  21 846 

Number  of  teachers 1" 

Amount  paid  to  teachers  for  the  year $3,410  00 

Whole  amount  expended  for  school  purposes 4,476  00 

This  township  is  quite  well  supplied  with  church  privileges.  Besides  those 
afforded  by  Streator  and  in  other  adjoining  townships,  there  are  four  very  com- 
fortable and  convenient  buildings,  situated  in  different  parts  of  the  township. 
In  the  village  of  Reading,  the  Methodists  erected  a  house  of  worship  in  1857. 

A  year  or  two  later,  the  Protestant  Methodists,  in  conjunction  with  the 
Christian  or  Campbellite  denomination,  built  a  Union  Church  at  Ancona.  A 
few  years  later,  in  1867,  a  Union  Church  was  erected  at  Coalville,  which,  how- 
ever, has  since  been  used  mostly  by  the  United  Brethren  society.  In  1871-2, 
the  Presbyterians,  who  had  for  some  years  been  worshiping  in  the  Methodist 
Church  at  Reading,  erected  a  neat  little  house  of  worship  a  couple  of  miles 
northwest  of  the  village. 

All  of  these  buildings  are  occupied  by  flourishing  societies  of  the  respective 
denominations.  Sunday  schools  are  kept  up  at  all  of  them,  and  also  in  some 
of  the  school  houses  besides. 

No  township  took  a  livelier  interest  in  the  defense  of  the  Government  in  the 
great  struggle  against  those  who  would  have  destroyed  it  in  1861-5.  Reading 
Township  furnished  men  for  the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-ninth,  the  Seventy- 
seventh,  and  several  other  regiments,  many  of  whom  received  deadly  wounds, 
and  some  fatal  ones.     Of  those  who  proved  their  valor  by  such  a  precious  sac- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  553 

rifice,  the  following  are  remembered :  Andrew  S.  Bradford,  S.  H.  Henion, 
David  Jones,  Marion  Rush,  William  T.  Boyd,  Fred.  W.  Hall,  James  H.  Chrit- 
ten,  John  Roberts  and  Stephen  Shipley. 

Politically,  until  within  a  few  years,  this  township  has  been  a  Democratic 
stronghold,  whose  fortifications  were  impregnable  to  any  assault  which  the 
enemy  could  make.  However,  lately,  on  local  questions,  factions  of  both 
Republicans  and  Democrats  have  united,  and  formed  the  Anti-Monopoly  or 
Greenback  party,  so  that  it  would  not  be  safe  to  state  positively  that  it  belonged 
to  either  of  the  old  parties. 

VILLAGE    OF    READING. 

Excepting  the  county  seat,  this  is  the  oldest  laid  out  town  in  the  county, 
having  been  surveyed  and  platted  previous  to  1851.  In  the  year  named,  it  was 
surveyed  by  Franklin  Oliver  for  David  Boyle  and  Caleb  Mathis,  from  the 
southeast  quarter  of  Section  15.  Scarcely  a  prettier  location  for  a  town  could 
be  found  in  the  whole  county  than  this.  The  ground  is  high  and  dry ;  and 
being  on  the  bank  of  a  fine  little  stream  of  water,  good  drainage  is  rendered 
easy.  The  first  house  built  in  the  village  was  put  up  by  L.  S.  Latham.  Dr. 
Follet  built  an  office  near  the  same  time. 

The  parties  who  laid  out  the  town  Avere  also  interested  in  its  business  and 
its  early  improvement;  and  David  Boyle,  who  was  one  of  the  proprietors,  and 
Jeremiah  Mathis,  brother  of  the  other,  built  the  first  store  house.  Mathis  also 
built  a  hotel,  and  was  the  conductor  of  the  same.  About  this  time  the  coal 
mines  in  this  vicinity  were  being  developed ;  and  people  from  all  sections  of  the 
country,  within  fifty  miles,  came  here  for  coal.  Being  unable  to  make  the  trip 
in  one  day,  and  sometimes  having  to  await  their  turn,  necessitated  hotel  accom- 
modations for  those  who  were  obliged  to  stop  here  over  night.  So  extensive 
did  this  business  become  in  a  few  years  that  three  hotels  Avere  at  one  time  in 
successful  operation.  Those  times  are  all  passed;  and  the  weary  and  worn 
traveler,  unless  he  be  so  fortunate  as  to  find  a  friendly  villager  who  will  take 
him  in,  must  pursue  his  tedious  journey  a  few  miles  further.  Dr.  J.  Hill  came 
in  soon  after  the  town  was  established,  and  built  a  residence  and  opened  an  office. 
C.  R.  Kyser,  who  had  been  living  in  the  township,  came  to  the  village  and 
built  a  blacksmith  shop,  and  carried  on  the  trade. 

Jacob  Bussard,  in  partnership  with  William  B.  Lyon,  opened  up  a  store  a 
short  time  after.  They  afterward  dissolved,  and  each  carried  on  the  business 
independentl}^,  thus  making  at  one  time  three  flourishing  general  stores.  Prior 
to  the  establishment  of  Reading,  the  people  in  all  of  this  section  of  country 
went  to  Lacon  and  Ottawa  to  do  their  trading ;  and,  consequently,  this  enter- 
prise, in  connection  with  the  coal  banks,  drew  a  large  amount  of  business  to  this 
point.  The  town  grew  rapidly,  and  bid  fair  to  be  a  place  of  importance ;  but  rail- 
roads, built  soon  after  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  drew  business  and  capital 
away  from  the  place,  and  Reading  was  left  to   languish.      The  town  is   still  a 


654  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

pleasant  little  place  to  live  in,  but  the  greatness  that  was  anticipated  for  it  has 
all  vanished. 

VILLAGE    OF    ANCONA. 

The  history  of  Ancona  is  quite  similar  to  that  of  Reading.  With  the  change 
of  dates  and  names,  the  remarks  which  apply  to  the  one,  might  with  propriety  be 
repeated.  Ancona  was,  however,  founded  on  a  different  basis.  The  Great  Air 
Line  Railroad,  from  Fort  Wayne  to  Council  Bluffs,  had  been  projected,  surveyed 
and  partially  graded  through  this  section,  and  there  was  not  a  doubt  entertained 
that  it  would  be  completed.  Accordingly,  in  1854,  the  town  of  Ancona  was 
surveyed  for  Orson  Shackleton  and  Joseph  Gumm.  Depot  grounds  were  set 
apart,  and  a  street  for  a  track  surveyed.  True  to  expectation,  the  road  was 
graded  through  the  village,  and  then  Ancona  real  estate  was  held  at  high  figures. 
Lots  were  sold  out  rapidly,  and  buildings  went  up  as  if  by  magic.  Stores  were 
opened  and  a  hotel  was  built.  Orson  and  Benjamin  Shackleton  built  the  first 
house,  a  store,  and  occupied  it  with  a  stock  of  goods.  The  Shackletons  were 
form  New  York,  and  remained  here  until  about  eight  years  ago,  when  they 
removed.  L.  B.  Smith,  who  had  been  living  in  the  township,  and  who  was 
formerly  from  Pennsylvania,  built  the  first  dwelling,  which  was  the  second 
house  in  the  place.  He  is  still  a  resident,  and  occupies  the  same  old  house. 
William  Boatman,  also  a  Pcnnsylvanian,  soon  after  erected  a  hotel,  and  as  this 
was  but  a  short  distance  from  the  coal  banks  it  was  well  patronized.  Boat- 
man afterward  sold  the  hotel  to  Joel  Willet,  who  had  been  living  in  the  town- 
ship. Boatman  still  resides  in  the  village.  Willet  is  dead,  but  the  hotel  is  still 
kept  open  by  members  of  the  family. 

Johnson  Bradley  came  here  in  1854,  from  Ohio,  and  started  a  wagon  shop, 
and  still  carries  on  the  trade  at  or  near  the  old  stand.  C.  R,  Kyser,  who  had 
been  living  in  the  village  of  Reading,  this  year  sold  out  his  possessions  there 
to  Jacob  Bussard,  and  came  to  Ancona  and  opened  a  blacksmith  shop.  Joseph 
Gumm  had  also  been  in  business  in  Reading,  and,  seeing  a  bigger  thing  here, 
removed  his  store  to  this  point.     Gumm  and  Kyser  have  both  gone  further  west. 

The  enterprise  that  did  most  to  actually  develop  and  give  solidity  to  the 
town  was  the  flour  mill  erected  by  Erastus  Loomis,  who  came  here  from  Ohio, 
in  1857.  At  this  time  there  was  no  such  convenience  in  this  vicinity,  or  for 
miles  west,  and  it  naturally  drew  a  large  amount  of  trade  from  the  surrounding 
country.  Wheat  was  then  considered  a  good  crop,  and  a  great  deal  of  flour 
was  made,  not  only  for  home  use  but  for  the  purpose  of  shipping  abroad. 

After  a  while,  the  railroad  seemed  to  be  a  delusion  ;  and,  though  it  was  a 
severe  blow  to  the  little  village  and  the  neighborhood,  they  did  not  continue  to 
mourn.  A  few  years  subsequently,  however,  the  mill  was  removed,  and  their 
hope  of  making  this  a  town  of  any  great  consequence  went  out. 

Streator  was  built  a  few  years  ago,  and  has  quite  overshadowed  this  place 
and  Reading.     The  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad  was  constructed 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  555 

through  here  in  1872,  and  stations  being  made  of  these  two  places  has  given  to 
them  new  life,  and  they  are  now  convenient  local  trading  points. 

VILLAGE    OF   COALVILLE. 

This  is  a  little  town,  laid  out  by  L.  H.  Mallery,  October  6,  1865,  near  the  coal 
beds,  on  Section  2.  The  town  is  occupied  almost  wholly  by  parties  interested 
in  the  mining  of  the  coal,  of  which  immense  quantities  are  taken  out  here.  As 
much  as  2,000  tons  are  mined  per  year  ;  and  before  the  works  at  Streator  were 
established,  more  than  double  this  amount  was  mined.  The  mines  are  owned 
by  L.  H.  Mallery  and  others,  Avho  allow  them  to  be  worked  by  other  parties, 
who  pay  the  proprietors  a  percentage  of  the  products. 

Reading  is  a  fractional  township,  consisting  of  Congressional  Town  30  north, 
Range  3  east,  except  Section  1  and  part  of  2  (which  are  cut  off  by  the  Vermil- 
ion River),  and  Sections  80  and  31,  and  parts  of  Sections  18  and  19,  of  Town 
80,  Range  4.  It  is  traversed  by  Moon  Creek,  from  the  west,  and  another  small 
tributary  of  the  Vermilion,  flowing  from  the  southwest. 

The  Western  Extension  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  crosses  the  north- 
western corner  of  Section  6  ;  and  the  C,  P.  &  S.  W.  R.  R.  divides  the  town- 
ship into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  from  northeast  to  southwest. 

The  land  is  of  a  very  rich  and  productive  character,  well  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  corn,  oats,  rye  and  vegetables,  large  crops  of  which  are  produced. 

SUNBURY  TOWNSHIP. 

This,  according  to  the  survey,  is  denominated  Township  30  north.  Range  5 
east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian.  It  is  a  full  Congressional  town,  being 
six  miles  square  and  containing  28,040  acres  of  land.  With  the  exception  of 
about  one  section  in  the  southwest  corner,  and  the  little  groves  planted  by  own- 
ers of  the  land,  it  may  be  said  to  be  without  timber.  The  surface  of  the  land, 
especially  in  the  southern  part,  is  quite  rolling,  perhaps  more  so  than  any  other 
township'  in  the  county.  The  only  stream  of  water  flowing  through  any  portion 
is  Mud  Creek,  which  in  reality  rises  in  the  township. 

The  western  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  passes  through  the 
northern  part,  on  the  half  section  line  of  the  second  tier  of  sections. 

Owing  to  the  scarcity  of  timber  and  water,  but  little  of  the  township  was 
settled  until  a  comparatively  recent  date.  A  few  sections  had  been  selected  in 
the  southwest  corner,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mud  Creek,  prior  to  1850,  but  the  larger 
portion  was  yet  unsettled  five  years  later. 

When  rapidly  growing  cities  have  become  so  compactly  built  that  there  no 
longer  remains  ground  on  which  buildings  may  be  placed,  or  when  lots  have 
become  so  dear  that  newer  comers  can  find  no  suitable  location,  corresponding 
to  their  limited  means,  on  which  to  erect  them  a  habitation,  they  are  necessarily 
compelled  to  seek  room  at  a  distance  from  the  occupied  portions  of  the  city. 
In  this  way,  addition  after  addition  is   made  to  the  original  plat  of  the  city, 


556  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

and  suburb  after  suburb  follows,  until  what  was  at  first  considered  a  long  way 
out  in  the  country  becomes  the  very  heart  of  the  city.  Suburban  towns  thus 
grow  and  thrive  from  the  simple  overflow,  until  some  of  them  even  rival  the 
parent  corporation  in  wealth,  population  and  power.  By  this  means,  Brook- 
lyn, which  is  truly  a  suburb  of  New  York,  has  become  the  third  city  in  popula- 
tion in  the  United  States,  containing  half  the  number  of  inhabitants  that  doea 
the  city  of  New  York.  This  is  the  history  of  the  old  world  and  the  new.  The 
people  are  being  perpetually  pushed  off,  thrust  out  and  led  forward  as  the  hu- 
man race  multiplies.  It  is  the  history  of  societies  and  families.  When  the  chil- 
dren are  grown,  though  their  love  for  the  paternal  fireside  is  not  less,  their  love 
for  independence  and  freedom  is  greater,  and,  one  by  one,  they  build  their  own 
tenements  and  erect  their  own  altars.  Human  beings,  like  some  of  the  lower 
orders  of  animals,  love  home,  and,  but  for  the  hope  of  bettering  their  condition, 
would  be  loth  to  change  their  habitations.  There  is  no  better  illustration  of 
this  idea  than  the  settlement  of  the  prairies  of  the  West.  The  Eastern  States 
were  full.  There  was  no  land  there  for  the  increasing  population,  and  young 
men  and  women,  with  the  constantly-arriving  emigrants  from  foreign  shores, 
must  seek  homes  on  the  borders  of  civilization.  So  they  came.  The  first  ones 
settled  in  the  timber  tracts,  because,  perhaps,  it  reminded  them  of  the  well 
remembered  scenes  of  their  youth.  The  later  emigrant,  however,  was  not  per- 
mitted to  rest  his  feet  even  here,  but  was  obliged  to  locate  at  a  greater  or  less 
distance  on  the  open  prairie  ;  and  now,  the  emigrant  finds  not  a  foothold  there, 
but  is  advised  to  continue  his  journey  toward  the  setting  sun. 

The  groves  along  the  Vermilion  River  and  along  Mud  Creek  were  pretty 
well  occupied  by  1850  ;  but  yet,  at  that  time,  all  to  the  north  and  east,  including 
all  of  Sunbury  Township  and  many  other  whole  townships,  was  but  an  open  plain 
on  which  not  a  house  or  a  fence  or  any  other  evidence  existed  to  indicate  that  a 
white  man  had  ever  visited  the  region. 

The  Indian  troubles  of  1882  had  been  removed  by  the  removal  of  the  Indians 
to  their  reservations  beyond  the  Mississippi.  The  panic  of  183T  and  '38  had 
passed,  the  credit  of  the  State  was  beginning  to  recover  from  its  effects,  and 
settlements  were  again  being  made  in  this  section ;  and,  as  they  found  the  land 
along  the  creeks  already  occupied,  shanties,  here  and  there  on  the  open  prairie, 
began  to  appear. 

The  first  actual  settler  of  the  township  was  Andrew  Sprague.  He  came  to 
the  township  in  the  year  1835.  Mr.  Sprague  was  from  the  wooded  part  of 
New  York,  and  was  doubtless  pleased  more  with  the  timber  feature  of  the  town- 
ship than  with  its  rolling  prairie,  and  therefore  selected  his  farm  on  the  bank 
of  Mud  Creek.  He  is  still  living,  but  has  moved  his  residence  to  the  village  of 
Cornell.  He  has  seen  many  changes,  not  only  in  the  appearance  of  the  town- 
ship, but  in  the  county,  as  he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this  part  of  the 
State.  Soon  after  his  arrival,  a  great  financial  panic  swept  over  the  country, 
and  especially  over  this  State ;  and  emigration,  for  several  years,  was  materially 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY..  557 

cbecked.  For  the  next  nine  ^^ears,  Sunburv  did  not  have  a  single  permanent 
addition.  The  few  who  came  to  the  neighborhood  settled  in  the  timber  ;  and 
as  this  belt  in  Sunbury  was  quite  limited,  Sprague  occupying  the  largest  and 
(then  considered)  the  best  portion,  they  were  constrained  to  look  elsewhere  for 
their  ideal  of  a  farm. 

The  financial  crisis,  however,  had  passed  by  1844 ;  the  Michigan  &  Illi- 
nois Canal  project  was  again  on  foot;  and  the  eyes  of  emigrants  were  again  on 
the  central  part  of  Illinois.  In  the  year  named,  Jacob  Longnecker  made  his 
appearance.  Longnecker  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ;  but,  when  but  a  boy 
of  ten  years,  went  to  Kentucky,  where  he  lived  until  of  age,  when  he  married 
and  removed  to  Tippecanoe  County,  Indiana,  and  finally,  in  1844,  as  stated,  to 
this  township. 

Ephraim  Sprague,  brother  of  Andrew,  though  not  a  permanent  resident, 
had  bought  land  in  the  neighborhood,  and  had  built  cabins  thereon.  Into  one 
of  these  cabins  the  Longnecker  family  removed,  and  worked  the  land  for  a  year, 
and  then,  having  pre-enipted  land  and  built  them  a  cabin,  moved  to  it.  In  this 
house  the  family,  or  members  of  it,  resided  untd  1865,  when  the  building  was 
turned  into  a  blacksmith  shop.     Mr.  Longnecker  died  in  1861. 

Three  years  after  the  coming  of  Longnecker,  E.  G.  Rice  and  Luther  Smith 
settled  here.  Rice  was  a  native  of  Maine.  He  had  left  that  State,  however, 
two  years  before,  and  had  spent  a  year  in  Michigan  and  another  in  Kendall 
County  of  this  State.  He  is  now  a  resident  of  the  southern  part  of  the  State. 
His  son  George,  who  was,  at  the  time  of  his  father's  coming  to  the  township, 
but  a  boy,  is  now  a  resident  of  Pontiac.  Luther  Smith  was  the  first  man  who 
had  the  hardihood  to  settle  on  the  prairie.  He  selected  his  home  in  the  north- 
west part,  near  the  present  site  of  the  village  of  Blackstone.  His  farm  has 
always  been  known  as  ''Smith's  Mound."  Smith  died  about  fifteen  years  ago, 
but  the  Mound  is  still  occupied  by  representatives  of  the  family. 

Philip  Hilton  is  now  the  oldest  living  resident,  having  come  to  the  township 
a  short  time  after  Sprague. 

Gabriel  and  Joseph  Brown  were  also  early  settlers.  They  removed  to  Iowa 
a  feAv  years  ago. 

For  five  years  after  the  arrival  of  Smith  and  Rice,  though  the  timbered  por- 
tions of  the  county  received  accessions  yearly,  no  others  had  the  temerity  to 
settle  on  the  open  prairie.  However,  in  1852,  characteristic  of  the  man,  con- 
trary to  the  advice  of  his  friends,  who  added  ridicule  to  solicitude,  Asa  Blakes- 
lee  took  up  a  claim  in  the  central  part.  He  was  laughed  at  by  those  who  lived 
in  the  timber,  and  was  told  that  he  would  certainly  be  eaten  up  by  the  wolves, 
and  that,  should  he  live  out  there  till  he  was  old,  he  would  never  have  any 
neighbors.  But  Blakeslee  comforted  himself  with  the  reflection  that  he  would, 
in  that  case,  like  Robinson  Crusoe,  be  "  monarch  of  all  he  surveyed."  He 
bought  200  head  of  young  cattle,  and  had  no  trouble  to  find  plenty  of  pasture 
for  them,  as  the  adjoining  sections  were  all  vacant.     Soon  after  coming  to  the 


558  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

neighborhood,  he  went  with  his  team  to  Ottawa,  and  bought  a  load  of  lumber. 
On  his  return,  as  he  passed  through  the  timber,  he  cut  two  forked  saplings  and 
one  long  pole,  which  he  brought  with  him.  The  two  saplings  were  planted  at 
a  distance  of  fifteen  feet  from  each  other,  and  the  pole  laid  in  the  forks.  The 
boards  were  then  placed  one  end  upon  the  pole  and  the  other  end  on  the  ground, 
thus  making  in  appearance  a  habitation  resembling  the  roof  of  a  rough  stable. 
In  this  simple  shelter  he  lived  while  his  house  was  being  built.  For  six  months 
he  did  not  see  the  face  of  a  white  man.* 

He  lived,  for  the  first  six  months,  on  corn  meal,  pork  and  turnips.  These 
items  are  given  not  on  account  of  any  peculiarity  in  the  mode  of  living,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  because  it  was  the  usual  manner  with  the  first  settlers.  Mr. 
Blakeslee  is  a  native  of  Litchfield  County,  Connecticut ;  he  has  been  closely 
identified  with  every  public  and  political  movement  of  his  township,  and,  at  an 
advanced  age,  he  resides  in  the  vicinity  of  his  first  settlement. 

Very  soon  after  the  advent  of  Blakeslee,  Isaac  Ames,  from  Maine,  settled  a 
little  northeast  from  the  point  of  timber  on  Mud  Creek,  and  built  a  log  cabin, 
in  which  he  resided  for  a  time,  until  he  had  erected  a  better  house.  Isaac 
Ames,  Jr.,  now  of  Streator,  had  been  teaching  school  in  Michigan,  and  had 
practiced  medicine  there  and  in  La  Salle  County  in  this  State.  He  lived  on  the 
Ames  place  until  about  ten  years  ago,  Avhen  he  sold  out,  removed  to  Streator 
and  engaged  in  the  hardware  trade. 

James  L.  Hadley  was  a  Methodist  preacher.  He  came  from  Ohio  at  about 
the  time  that  the  Ameses  made  their  appearance.  The  first  preaching,  except 
an  occasional  sermon,  was  done  by  him  and  Jacob  Hoobler,  of  Newtown. 

In  1854,  the  two  great  railroads,  the  Chicago  &  Alton  and  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral, had  been  finished  through  Central  Illinois,  and  not  only  conveyed  immi- 
grants to  this  part  of  the  State,  but  some  of  the  contractors  and  laborers  on  the 
works  became  some  of  our  very  best  citizens.  During  the  two  preceding  years, 
Thomas  F.  Norton,  J.  0.  Corey,  Erastus  Corey,  Ansel  Gammon  and  brothers, 
and  Perry  Corbin  came  to  this  part  of  the  State.  Thomas  F.  Norton  was  from 
Maine,  and  settled  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  township.  He  first  settled  in 
La  Salle  County,  a  little  north  of  Ottawa,  where  he  taught  school  a  year  before 
making  this  his  permanent  residence.  After  a  short  residence  in  the  county, 
he  was  elected  County  Surveyor,  the  duties  of  which  office  he  performed  in  a 
very  satisfactory  manner.  In  1862,  he  was  ordained  as  a  minister  of  the  Baptist 
Church,  and  preached  at  New  Michigan  and  other  points  until  his  death,  in  1866. 

J.  0.  Corey  and  his  brother  Erastus  were  from  Pennsylvania.  The  former 
was  a  man  of  no  ordinary  ability.  He  had  been  an  officer  of  high  rank  in  the 
Mexican  war.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  having  distinguished  himself  as  a 
soldier,  he  was  proposed  by  his  friends  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Sergeant- 
at-Arms  of  Congress,  and,  though  not  elected,  received  a  very  flattering  vote. 
He  was  the  first  Supervisor  of  this  township,  being  elected  in  1858.      He 

*In  the  meantime,  Sbabbona  (see  Page  149)  paid  him  a  visit. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  559 

removed  to  Iowa  two  years  ago.  Erastus  was  a  carpenter,  and  worked  most  of 
the  time  at  the  trade.  He  came  to  this  part  of  the  State  in  tlie  employ  of  the 
railroad  company,  in  1853.  He  afterward  returned  to  his  native  State,  where 
he  was  killed  by  falling  from  a  building  on  which  he  was  working. 

The  Gammons  were  from  La  Salle  County.  They  lived  here  for  a  few 
years,  and  then  removed  to  different  portions  of  the  State. 

Perry  Corbin,  a  relative  of  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Rook's  Creek,  came 
here  from  Virginia.  He  and  his  brother  Anderson,  who  came  a  few  years  later, 
w^ere  both  blacksmiths,though  only  Anderson  worked  at  the  trade  after  settling  here. 

Enos  Thatcher,  H.  H.  Brower,  and  John  Gower  and  son,  B.  A.  Gower, 
though  not  among  the  earliest  settlers,  are  deserving  of  mention  as  men  of  more 
than  ordinary  character.  The  first  was  an  early  settler  of  La  Salle  County. 
He  still  resides  in  this  township.  Brower  came  from  Ashtabula  County,  Ohio. 
He  was  a  lawyer,  and  practiced  in  the  courts  of  this  county.  In  1860,  he^  was 
a  candidate  for  Representative  to  the  Illinois  Legislature,  but  was  not  elected. 
A  few  years  since,  he  removed  to  Nebraska,  where  he  now  resides.  Gower  and 
son  were  from  Maine,  and  being  men  of  education  and  ability,  have  proved 
themselves  valuable  accessions  to  the  social  and  business  wants  of  the  community. 

The  first  school  to  which  the  children  of  Sunbury  had  access  was  established 
in  the  edge  of  the  timber  of  Mud  Creek,  just  outside  the  limits  of  the  town- 
ship, and  near  the  Sprague  property.  It  was  taught  by  Catharine  Sprague, 
mother  of  Andrew  and  Ephraim.  This  was  about  the  year  1836,  and  twenty 
years  before  the  public  school  system  of  the  State  was  adopted,  hence  Avas  a  private 
affair,  maintained  by  subscription.  In  1855,  the  Hilton  school  house  was  built, 
and  the  next  year  the  Ames  house.  The  report  of  the  first  School  Treasurer, 
Thomas  F.  Norton,  shows  that  in  1855  there  was  but  one  school,  thirty-four 
scholars  in  attendance,  ninety-two  children  in  the  township,  and  one  teacher ; 
the  highest  wages  paid  was  |12  per  month,  and  the  whole  amount  paid  out  for 
school  purposes  was  $38.75.  He  also  reports  that  a  canvass  of  all  the  town- 
ship discloses  the  fact  that  there  are  107  school  books  in  all  of  the  houses, 
sixty-five  of  which  are  elementary  spellers.  But  few  townships  made  more 
satisfactory  progress  during  the  next  ten  years.  The  one  school  had  been 
multiplied  by  seven,  each  of  which  had  a  comfortable  house ;  the  number  of 
scholars  had  increased  to  217  ;  the  average  monthly  wages  paid  to  teachers  was 
^28.50 ;  and  the  total  amount  paid  out  for  the  support  of  schools  was  thirty- 
three  times  as  great,  being,  in  1865,  over  |1,300. 

The  following  extract  from  the  report  of  the  Township  Treasurer  will  indi- 
cate the  condition  of  schools  at  the  close  of  1877  : 

Number  of  schools 9 

Number  of  scholars  enrolled 385 

Number  of  teachers 15 

Amount  paid  teachers $2,569  00 

Total  amount  paid  for  support  of  schools 4,629  00 

Amount  raised  by  special  tax 1,855  00 

Principal  of  school  fund 7,798  00 


i 


660 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


The  first  post  office  for  the  benefit  of  this  community,  like  the  first  school, 
was  established  in  Esmen  Township,  was  called  Sunbury,  and  kept  at  the 
Brown  residence.  It  was  afterward  moved  to  Andrew  Sprague's,  and  has 
since  had  a  migratory  existence,  like  all  country  post  offices,  going  from  one 
house  to  another,  as  different  persons  could  be  found  who  were  willing  to  be 
bothered  with  it.  At  last,  when  the  village  of  Blackstone  was  established,  the 
post  office  was  moved  there  ;  and,  as  its  name  was  changed,  it  can  hardly  now 
be  said  to  exist. 

Though  preachers  have  had  a  permanent  residence  here,  and  though  many 
pious  Christian  people  have  lived  here,  neither  church  house  nor  organization 
existed  in  the  township,  until  the  village  of  Blackstone  began  to  build.  Sab- 
bath schools  held  in  the  public  school  houses,  with  preaching  at  the  same  places, 
have  been  as  common  as  in  other  parts  of  the  county ;  and  the  morals  and 
religion  of  the  people  are  as  well  cultivated  as  in  other  towns. 

The  township  of  Sunbury  was  organized  April  6,  1858,  by  the  election  of 
J.  0.  Corey,  Supervisor;  J.  S.  Cummings,  Clerk;  T.  F.  Norton,  Assessor; 
A.  S.  Blakeslee,  Collector;  A.  Sprague,  John  Gower  and  R.  C.  Myer,  Com- 
missioners of  Highways :  Isaac  H.  Ames  and  A.  J.  Collins,  Justices  of  the 
Peace;  A.  A.  Blakeslee  and  Wm.  M.  Hopkins,  Constables.  The  whole  number 
of  votes  cast  at  this  first  election  was  but  nineteen,  and  as  most  of  them  were 
elected  to  an  office,  it  will  be  seen  that,  by  1858,  but  few  new  names  appear  to 
the  old  settlers'  list. 

The  following  list  gives  the  names  of  the  principal  officers  elected  at  each 
successive  meeting,  to  this  date  (1878),  which  list  has  been  kindly  furnished  by 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee,  present  Township  Clerk : 


Date. 


Supervisor. 


1859 John  Gower. 

I860 John  Gower. 

1861 Isaac  Ames. 

1862 H.  H.  Brewer. 

1863 John  Gower. 

1864 Isaac  Ames. 

1865 T.  F.  Norton. 

1866 B.  A.  Gower., 

1867 R.  G.  Morton 

1868 H.  H.  Brower. 

1869 B.  A.  Gower. 

1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 

1876 !J.  0.  Corey 

1877 [Julius  Smith 


Town  Clerk. 


M.  Tombaugh. 
A.  K.  Brower. 
A.  K.  Brower. 
A.  K.  Brower. 
J.  0.  Corey.... 
I.  0.  Corey.... 


J.  S.  Cummings... 
J.  S.  Cummings... 
J.  S.  Cummings... 
J.  S.  Cummings... 

E.  Weeks 

VVm.  M.  Hopkins. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee 

H.  J.  Oaks 

R   F.  Norton 

A.  Corbin 

G.  W.  Thatcher.... 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee, 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee 


Assessor. 


Collector. 


T.  F.  Norton 

T.  F.  Norton 

John  Gower 

Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 
Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 
Asa  S.  Blakeslee,.. 

R.  F.  Norton 

H.  R.   Hamilton... 

R.  F.  Norton 

Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 

E.  Corey 

Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 
Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 

John  Gower 

Asa  S.  Blakeslee... 

John  Green 

A.  Corbin 

jA.  Corbin 

IT.  La  Veil 


Isaac  Ames. 
Wm.  Hopkins. 
Geo.  H.  Blakeslee. 
T.  Roe. 
T.  Roe. 

M.  W.  Gammon. 
C.  D.  Gammon. 
T.  Roe. 
|J.  Naugle. 
jT.  La  Veil. 
jJ.  Norton. 
A.  K.  Brower. 
IPat  Ruddy. 
Pat  Ruddy. 
N.  Longnecker. 
Ipat  Ruddy. 
]M.  J.  Bos  worth, 
ijas.  Ruddy. 
;jas.  Ruddy. 


The  officers  elect  of  the  township  are :  H.  H.  Kent,  Supervisor ;  George 
H.  Blakeslee,  Clerk  ;  Bernard  Demsey,  Collector ;  Thomas  LaVell,  Assessor  ; 
Samuel  B.  Norton  and  M.  J.  Bosworth,  Justices  of  the  Peace ;  W.  B.  Hamil- 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  561 

ton  and  Jas.  Goi'don,  Constables  ;  John  Brooker,  Jas.  Nichols  and  Pat  Ruddy, 
Commissioners  of  Highways. 

At  the  last  election  it  was  found  that  the  number  of  voters  had  increased  to 
209. 

During  the  "late  unpleasantness,"  this  township  bore  a  very  considerable 
part.  Quite  a  number  of  the  young  men  of  this  vicinity  enlisted  in  the  various 
regiments  raised  in  this  portion  of  the  State.  Several  who  thus  exchanged 
liome  and  family  comforts  for  the  hardships  and  suffering  of  the  camp  and  field, 
in  addition,  sacrificed  their  lives  for  the  principles  which  they  loved  better  than 
fireside,  and  better  even  than  existence.  Some  were  killed  outright  in  the 
affray  ;  some  received  wounds  of  which  they  died  after  a  lingering  illness  ;  and 
others,  though  never  receiving  a  saber  cut  or  a  musket  shot,  received  the  seeds 
of  disease,  contracted  from  exposure  and  hardships,  which  finally  terminated 
their  existence.  All  honor  to  the  townships  which  they  represented ;  and  in 
an  especial  manner,  all  honor  to  the  brave  representatives  who  proved  their  love 
of  country  by  their  valor. 

VILLAGE    OF    BLACKSTONE. 

Blackstone  is  situated  on  the  western  extension  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  nearly  midway  between  Streator  and  Dwight,  being  ten  miles  from 
the  former  and  thirteen  from  the  latter.  It  is  a  neat  little  town  of  nearly  two 
hundred  inhabitants  ;  and,  in  the  amount  of  business  transacted,  is  not  exceeded 
by  any  town  of  its  size  in  the  county. 

The  land  which  constitutes  its  site,  originally  belonged  to  R.  B.  Hamilton. 
About  the  time  when  the  line  of  railroad  was  completed  through  this  section, 
the  land  was  purchased  by  Wm.  Shepard,  of  Jersey  County,  Illinois,  and  for 
him  the  village  was  laid  out  by  A.  C.  Huetson,  on  January  6,  1870.  The 
original  plat  consisted  of  eighty  acres  of  Section  7,  lying  on  the  north  side  of 
the  railroad  track. 

The  town  was  called  Blackstone  in  honor  of  the  President  of  the  road  ;  and 
much  of  the  plat  being  property  of  the  officers  of  the  road,  the  town  is  natu- 
rally looked  upon  as  being  a  favored  point. 

The  first  house  within  the  limits  of  the  place  antedates  the  village  or  the 
road,  having  been  built  years  ago  by  R.  B.  Hamilton.  As  soon  as  the  survey 
had  been  made,  Frank  Mcintosh  built  a  store,  and  this  was  the  first  building  of 
the  kind  erected  here.  As  soon  as  it  was  completed,  he  put  into  it  a  stock  of 
general  merchandise,  and  has  continued  in  the  business  ever  since.  About  the 
same  time,  R.  B.  Hamilton  erected  a  warehouse  and  commenced  buying  grain. 
This  warehouse  is  now  idle,  the  whole  grain  business  having  been  absorbed  by 
the  Kent  Brothers,  who  built  an  elevator  here  a  few  years  later.  They  handle 
about  400,000  bushels  of  grain  per  year,  mostly  corn. 

As  soon  as  the  town  had  been  certainly  established,  the  post  office  of  Sunbury 
was  removed  to  the  station,  and  Charles  A.  Holton  installed  as  Postmaster, 
which  position  he  still  retains. 


562  '  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Among  the  others  who  manifested  their  confidence  in  the  future  of  the 
place  by  settling  here  at  its  beginning,  were  J.  L.  Colier,  Enoch  Sherick,  R.  D. 
Gregg  and  J.  A.  Tout.  The  last  named  was  a  blacksmith ;  and  the  first  was  a 
carpenter,   who  built  nearly  all  of  the   houses  that   have  been   put  up  in  the 

town. 

There  are  no  organized  churches  here ;  but  religious  services  are  held  by 
several  denominations,  who  occupy  the  school  house  for  that  purpose  by  turns. 
A  Sunday  school,  in  which  all  of  the  citizens  take  a  deep  interest,  is  conducted 
under  the  superintendence  of  M.  F.  Waters. 

The  public  school  is  under  the  charge  of  A.  H.  Johnson,  a  competent  and 
successful  teacher. 

FAYETTE  TOWNSHIP. 

This  is  a  fractional  town  and  lies  in  the  southern  tier  of  townships,  between 
Belle  Prairie  and  Germantdwn,  with  Forrest  on  the  north  and  Ford  County  on 
the  south.  It  is  mostly  rolling  prairie,  but  with  a  few  sections  that  are  low 
and  flat,  and  is  wholly  devoid  of  native  timber.  The  latter  defect,  however, 
has  been  supplied  by  the  planting  and  cultivation  of  trees ;  and  many  beautiful 
groves  are  to  be  seen  in  every  part  of  the  township.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  which  enters  the  town  through  Section  4,  and 
crosses  Sections  3,  10  and  15,  in  almost  a  southerly  direction.  Fayette  is 
known  as  Town  25  north.  Range  7  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian. 

The  first  settlement  within  the  present  limits  of  Fayette  was  made  by 
Rees  Morgan,  on  Section  16,  in  June,  1863.  He  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  came  to  Illinois  in  1829,  and  to  this  neighborhood  as  stated  above.  His 
settlement  was  made  on  the  School  Section,  with  the  expectation  of  long  enjoy- 
ing the  entire  section ;  but  the  town  developed  more  rapidly  than  anticipated, 
and  he  was  only  permitted  to  occupy  it  about  seven  years,  when  it  was  sold 
according  to  law,  for  school  purposes.  Mr.  Morgan,  now  well  advanced  in  years, 
lives  in  the  village  of  Strawn,  a  highly-respected  citizen  and  honored  among  his 
fellow-men.  He  Avas  a  soldier  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1832,  and  was  with 
Col.  Stillman  in  his  memorable  defeat  at  Pawpaw  Grove,  which  occurred  on  the 
14th  day  of  May  of  that  year.  Possessing  fine  conversational  powers,  his  de- 
scription of  the  Black  Hawk  campaign  is  graphic  and  entertaining. 

At  that  early  period,  military  organizations  were  in  their  embryonic  state, 
and  the  authority  of  a  militia  Major  extended  over  an  entire  county.  Four 
companies,  he  states,  were  raised  in  Peoria,  Tazewell  and  McLean  Counties, 
and  he  volunteered  in  Tazewell,  under  command  of  Captain  Adams.  These 
troops  were  ordered  to  rendezvous  at  Dixon,  and  await  the  arrival  of  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, Governor  Reynolds,  and  his  forces.  A  dispute  arose  among 
Majors  Stillman,  Bailey  and  Johnson,  as  to  which  of  them  belonged  the  right 
to  command  the  entire  forces  from  this  section.  On  the  arrival  of  Governor 
Reynolds,   Stillman  was  appointed    Colonel   of  the  forces  from   the  counties 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  565 

already  named,  on  account  of  the  seniority  of  his  appointment  as  Major. 
Jealousy  on  the  part  of  the  other  two  followed  as  a  natural  consequence  at 
the  high  honor  conferred  on  Stillman,  each  feeling  that  his  own  peculiar  fitness 
for  the  position  had  been  wholly  disregarded,  and  they  were  quite  willing 
to  encompass  him  with  defeat,  and  compromise  him  or  any  one  else  in  order  to 
gratify  an  envious  disposition. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  Governor  and  his  forces  at  Dixon,  Col.  Stillman  was 
sent  with  his  command  on  a  scouting  expedition.  His  force  numbered  200 
men.  while  Black  Hawk's  was  not  far  short  of  450  warriors.  Army  regu- 
lations in  the  far  West  were  not  as  strict  then  as  at  the  present  day,  and  each 
soldier  was  allowed  a  pint  of  whisky  as  a  part  of  his  daily  rations.  In  drawing 
their  supplies  for  a  three-days  scout,  they  were  careful  to  obtain  three  square 
pints  of  whisky  each,  to  the  utter  neglect  of  the  more  substantial  necessaries. 
Their  frequent  imbibitions  on  the  second  day  of  their  march  resulted  in  dire  con- 
fusion, and  each  man  became  his  own  commander.  Not  the  slightest  attention 
was  paid  to  the  commands  of  the  ofhcers,  and  they  raced  over  the  broad  prairies, 
spoiling  for  a  hand-to-hand  fight  with  the  "  redskins."  Near  the  close  of  the 
days  march  (if  march  it  could  be  called),  Indians  were  seen  in  the  distance, 
and  immediately  the  whites  charged  pell-mell  toward  them.  On  arriving  on  the 
spot  where  the  Indians  had  been  seen,  what  was  their  consternation  to  find 
themselves  flanked  on  the  right  and  left.  A  "  V  "  had  been  formed  by  the  wily 
chieftain — a  trap  had  been  set,  and  into  it  they  had  ridden  at  full  speed. 
And  now  came  the  time  for  retreat.  Mr.  Morgan  says,  if  they  "  rode  fast  in 
coming  up  to  the  Indians,  they  certainly  attempted  to  make  double-fast  time  in 
cc«iiing  away."  The  running  away  was  as  promiscuous  as  the  advance  had 
been,  and  some  of  the  troops  did  not  reach  Dixon  for  two  or  three  days,  though 
distant  but  thirty  miles  from  the  scene  of  disaster.  Stillman  was  defeated  and 
disgraced,  and  Johnson,  who  succeeded  to  the  command,  correspondingly  grati- 
fied. This  little  notice  of  a  war  with  which  all  are  familiar  seems  so  appi'o- 
priate  in  the  history  of  Mr.  Morgan,  the  first  settler  in  this  toAvnship,  that  we 
deem  no  excuse  necessary  for  giving  place  to  it. 

The  next  settlement  in  Fayette  was  made  by  B.  F.  Brandon  in  the  Spring  of 
1864.  He  settled  on  Section  8,  where  he  remained  several  years,  and  then  sold 
out  and  removed  to  La  Salle  County.  John  and  Thomas  Brownlee  came  from 
Knox  County,  but  were  originally  from  Scotland.  They  settled  in  Fayette 
Township  in  1865,  but  recently  Thomas  has  removed  into  the  village  of 
Strawn  and  John  removed  to  Kansas.  Among  other  early  settlers,  we  may 
notice  George  Seaton,  Charles  Wilson,  James,  Benjamin  and  Robert  Turner, 
William  Walker,  John  and  Daniel  Parsley  and  the  McCormicks.  Seaton  came 
from  New  York  in  1867,  and  when  he  settled  in  Fa3^ette,  his  was  the  fourth 
house  in  the  township.  Charles  Wilson  was  from  Kendall  County,  and  settled 
I  here  in  1866,  when  he  broke  the  farm  and  built  the  house  where  Seaton  now 
'lives.     Wilson   removed  to   Forrest  when  Seaton   came   in,  and  now  lives  in 


566  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Hoopeston.  The  Turners  were  from  near  Ottawa,  and  settled  here  in  1867, 
where  they  still  reside.  Walker  came  from  Galena,  and  the  Parsleys  from  La 
Salle  County,  and  settled  here  in  1867,  and  still  live  in  the  township.  The 
McCormicks  were  also  from  La  Salle  County,  and  settled  here  in  1865. 

The  first  birth  in  Fayette  Township  was  Rose  McCormick,  a  daughter  of 
James  and  Jane  McCormick,  who  was  born  December  15,  1865.  The  first 
death  was  that  of  a  young  man  of  the  name  of  Eaton,  and  occurred  at  the  resi- 
dence of  John  Brownlee  about  the  1st  of  August,  1867.  The  first  marriage 
which  took  place  in  the  township  was  that  of  Moses  K.  McDowell  and  Mary 
Morgan  ;  and  the  second,  that  of  D.  R.  Morgan,  a  brother  to  the  first  bride, 
and  Jennie  McDowell,  a  sister  of  the  first  bridegroom,  on  the  principle,  we  pre- 
sume, that  "  a  fair  exchange  is  no  robbery."  Since  the  occurrence  of  the  two 
marriages  above  recorded,  Frank  C.  McDowell  and  Laura  Morgan  have  been 
united  in  holy  wedlock,  thus  forming  a  triple  alliance  between  the  McDowell  and 
Morgan  families.  The  first  physician  was  Stacy  Stephens,  who  located  in  the 
village  of  Strawn  soon  after  it  was  laid  out.  Dr.  G.  S.  Harvey  has  recently 
located  there,  and  both  practice  their  profession  in  the  village  and  township. 
The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  town  was  H.  McCormick,  who  was  elected  in 
1869,  and  held  over  on  the  separation  of  Fayette  from  Belle  Prairie  Township 
in  1871. 

It  seems  appropriate  that  some  mention  should  be  made  in  the  history  of 
Fayette  Township  of  the  "•  Burr  Oak  Farm,"  the  largest  farm  in  the  world, 
perhaps,  owned  and  controlled  by  a  single  individual.  The  Burr  Oak  Farm  of 
M.  L.  Sullivant  embraces  nearly  40,000  acres,  eight  sections  of  which  lie  in 
Fayette  Township  and  four  sections  in  Germantown,  while  the  remainder  of  it 
is  in  Ford  County.  People  who  have  never  visited  the  great  West,  and  in 
whose  eyes  a  farm  of  two  or  three  hundred  acres  is  large,  have  very  little  con- 
ception of  the  magnificent  scale  on  which  farming  operations  are  carried  on  in 
the  regions  of  the  prairie  country.  Notwithstanding  the  vast  area  of  this 
gigantic  plantation,  its  management  is  reduced  to  so  perfect  a  system  that  every- 
thing moves  on  with  as  much  harmony  as  though  but  a  few  hundred  acres  were 
embraced  in  it.  In  1871,  the  Harpers  sent  out  a  special  artist  and  reporter  to 
visit  "Burr  Oak  Farm,"  as  Mr.  Sullivaut's  place  is  called,  and  to  write  a 
description  of  it,  with  illustrations.  An  issue  of  their  Illustrated  Weekly  in 
September,  1871,  contained  about  three  columns,  descriptive  of  this  great  farm 
and  the  mammoth  establishment  of  Sullivant's,  accompanied  by  some  dozen 
engravings  of  diff'erent  scenes  and  occupations.  Among  the  illustrations  we 
noticed  the  following:  First,  a  striking  portrait  of  M.  L.  Sullivant,  the  pro- 
prietor of  Burr  Oak  Farm;  "The  Homestead,  Burr  Oak,"  "Evening  in  the 
Burr  Oak  Grove,"  "Planting  Corn,"  "Ditching  Plow,"  "  Cultivating  Corn,*' 
"Hedge  Gang,"  "Breaking  Raw  Prairie,"  "Farm  Gang,"  "Harvesting,"  "Mr. 
Sullivant  and  his  Captains  at  Evening,"  "  Sunday  in  Burr  Oak  Grove,"  etc. 
The  system  observed  on  this  place  is  equal  to  military  discipline.     Sullivant 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  567 

was  Commander  in  Chief,  then  an  Adjutant  under  him,  who  assisted  him  in  the 
management  and  saw  that  all  orders  were  obeyed ;  next,  there  were  twelve  Cap- 
tains, each  of  wliom  had  three  Lieutenants  under  him,  and  each  Lieutenant  had 
charge  of  a  gang  of  six  to  ten  hands.  The  farm  was  laid  of  into  stations,  and 
each  station  was  in  charge  of  a  Captain,  whose  duty  it  was  to  report  every  day's 
business  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  at  night.  A  bookkeeper  was  employed 
and  an  account  opened  with  every  station,  and  in  this  account  was  entered 
everything  done  on  that  station  each  day,  viz.,  how  many  men  were  employed, 
how  many  horses,  mules  and  oxen,  together  with  what  kind  of  labor  each  had 
performed. 

The  following  table  will  show  for  one  day's  work : 

Date.  Men.  Horsee.  Oxen. 

One  month 4,979|  7.060  1,987 

ONE    DAY. 

Men.  Horses. 

Overseeing  generally ', 45  90 

Errands  and  chorea .31  58 

Harness  shop 8 

Water  hauling 27^  27|^ 

Blacksmith  shop 114 

Stables ! 191  160 

Kitchens 273 

Implements 82  1 

Masonry 79J  18 

Hedges 38.33  214^ 

This  is  but  a  fragment  of  the  list,  but  shows  the  system  adopted.  Nor 
was  the  Commander  idle.  Seldom  a  day  passed  but  either  he  or  his  Adju- 
tant was  in  every  field  on  the  entire  plantation  ;  so  that  if  a  Captain  had 
attempted  a  false  report  it  would  have  been  detected  at  once.  The  following 
extract  is  from  Harpers'  WeeMy^  of  the  date  already  alluded  to :  "  The 
machinery  in  use  at  Burr  Oak  would  handsomely  stock  two  or  three  agricultural 
implement  stores :  150  steel  plows,  of  different  kinds  ;  75  breaking  plows  ;  142 
cultivators,  of  several  descriptions ;  45  corn  planters ;  25  gang  harrows,  etc. 
The  ditching  plow,  a  huge  affair  of  18  feet  in  length,  with  a  share  of  11  feet 
by  2  feet  10  inches,  is  worked  by  68  oxen  and  eight  men.  These  finish  from 
three  to  three  and  a  half  miles  of  excellent  ditch  each  day's  work.  *  * 
There  is  300  miles  of  hedge,  6  miles  of  board  fence  for  stock,  and  150  miles  of 
ditching  to  drain  the  wet  places.  The  stock  of  Burr  Oak  at  present  is  300 
mules,  50  horses  and  50  yoke  of  cattle.  There  may  be  1,000  or  1,200  hogs 
and  a  magnificent  herd  of  milch  cows — mostly  Durhams — and  very  valuable. 
An  entire  section  of  land  is  devoted  to  raising  produce  for  feeding  stock  and 
hands.  There  are  2,500  acres  of  tame  grass,  which  will  cut  an  average  of  a 
ton  and  a  half  to  the  acre ;  besides  this,  much  wild  grass  is  cut."  But  any- 
thing like  an  accurate  and  complete  description  of  this  immense  farm  would 
occupy  more  space  than  we  can  give  it  in  these  pages,  and,  therefore,  we  must 
i  let  it  pass  with  this  meager  notice. 


568  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  first  school  in  Fayette  Township  was  taught  by  Rebecca  Morgan, 
in  1868,  in  a  small  shanty  on  Section  6,  located  on  the  present  site  of  the 
school  building  near  the  residence  of  William  Walker.  In  1873,  there  were 
eighty-five  children  in  the  township  entitled  to  school  privileges,  and  seventy- 
six  reported  as  attending  school.  Two  schools  were  reported,  with  one  male 
teacher  and  four  female  teachers.  School  fund,  $10,803.  The  treasurer's  last 
report  shows  the  following  : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years 192 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21  years 16-5 

Total , 357 

Number  of  males  between  6  and  21  years 93 

Number  of  females  between  G  and  21  years 103 

Total 196 

Number  of  males  attending  school 69 

Number  of  females  attending  school 73 

Total 142 

Estimated  value  of  school  property $1,965  00 

Principal  of  township  fund 2,078  47 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  male  teachers 40  00 

Lowest  monthly  wages  paid  any  teacher 30  00 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers 665  43 

There  are  four  school  districts  in  the  town  and  four  good,  substantial  school 
houses,  in  which  first-class  schools  are  maintained  for  the  usual  period  each 
year. 

The  building  of  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  through  this  township  has 
been  the  means  of  developing  it,  and  has  been  a  great  convenience  to  the  peo- 
ple, particularly  to  those  who  have  business  occasionally  at  the  seat  of  justice. 
The  road  received  their  hearty  support  and  they  have  always  been  friendly 
toward  it. 

As  previously  stated,  Fayette  was  a  part  of  Belle  Prairie  until  1871,  when 
it  was  set  off  by  act  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors.  The  present  officers  of  the 
township  are  as  follows,  viz.:  J.  W.  Ebersol  and  M.  M.  Gatchel,  Justices  of 
the  Peace;  William  McCormick,  Assessor;  Adam  Kopp,  Collector;  John 
Hopkins,  Town  Clerk,  and  D.  A.  Morgan,  Supervisor. 

The  color  of  Fayette  politics  is  about  half  and  half;  that  is  to  say,  it  is 
about  evenly  divided  between  Democrats  and  Republicans.  At  least,  it  has  been 
so  for  some  time  past;  but  it  is  not  edsj  to  say  just  what  effect  the  Green- 
backers  will  have  in  the  township.  The  war  record  is  given  in  the  histories  of 
other  sections  of  the  county,  as  there  were  no  settlements  made  here  until  very 
near  the  close  of  the  war.  ^ 

THE    VILLAGE    OF    STRAWN. 

Strawn  is  situated  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  about  ten  miles 
south  of  Fairbury,  and  was  laid  out  June  6,  1873.     It  was  surveyed  by  Alfred 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  569 

C.  Huetson,  County  Surveyor,  for  David  Strawn,  the  original  proprietor,  and 
for  whom  the  village  was  named.  The  original  plat  contained  30.09  acres,  in 
Section  3,  of  Town  25  north,  etc.,  and  has  since,  we  believe,  had  some  addi- 
tions made  to  it.  In  order  to  induce  settlers  to  locate  in  the  village,  and  in 
building  it  up,  Mr.  Strawn  adopted  the  plan  of  giving  every  alternate  lot  to  such 
as  would  erect  houses,  under  certain  specifications,  by  the  1st  of  September  fol- 
owing  its  laying-out.  The  houses  might  be  as  large  as  the  proprietors  chose  to 
build,  but  must  not  fall  below  certain  dimensions.  No  shanties,  either  as  busi- 
ness or  dwelling  houses,  were  to  be  erected.  The  first  business  house  inclosed 
in  the  village  was  that  of  E.  H.  Roberts,  who  selected  the  first  lot,  on  the  day 
the  village  was  laid  out.  The  business  houses  of  H.  McCormick,  T.  H.  Aaron 
and  Brownlee  Brothers  were  under  process  of  erection  at  the  same  time.  The 
first  dwelling  was  erected  by  John  Golfer,  now  owned  by  Hampton  McCormick, 
and  operated  as  an  hotel.  About  the  same  time,  dwellings  were  put  up  by  L.  L. 
Graves,  James  Stevenson  and  a  Mr.  Welch. 

E.  H.  Roberts,  now  of  the  firm  of  Aaron,  Roberts  &  Co.,  sold  the  first 
goods  in  the  village.  His  store  was  opened  about  the  1st  of  July,  1873. 
At  the  present  time,  there  are  eight  stores  in  Strawn,  also  harness  shops,  black- 
smith shops,  shoe  shops,  grain  firms  and  one  saloon.  Indeed,  the  village  seems 
to  have  completely  risen  above  the  swamps  and  marshes,  where  it  languished 
when  a  poet  of  the  period  evoked  the  muses  and  thus  described  its  condition  : 

The  frogs  are  hatching  their  spawn 

In  the  streets  of  the  village  of  Strawn  ; 

And  their  music  down  there 

Fills  the  ambient  air 
From  the  falling  of  night  till  the  dawn. 

The  post  office  was  established  October  6,  1873,  and  E.  H.  Roberts  was 
appointed  Postmaster,  which  position  he  still  holds.  The  .first  freight  received 
at  Strawn  station  was  July  1,  1873,  and  was  a  barrel  of  meat  for  S.  K. 
Mitchell,  who  kept  a  boarding  house.  The  first  shipment  of  freight  was  a  car- 
load of  hogs,  and  was  made  by  Walter  D.  Strawn,  July  7,  1873.  The  freight 
shipments  for  the  six  months  ending  July  1,  from  Strawn,  were  as  follows : 

Forwarded — Number  of  carloads  of  grain,  stock,  etc 195 

Way  freights  in  lbs 32,000 

Freight  received  in  tons 810 

Ticket  sales,  six  months  to  July  1, 1878 $48;'). 70 

The  amount  of  grain  shipped  from  this  point  during  the  year  is  not  far 
I  short  of  250,000  bushels.  The  first  corn  bought  here  for  shipment  was  by 
W.  Reed,  agent  for  Hoyt  &  Beebe,  of  Forrest. 

The  first  school  was  taught  in  Strawn  by  Sarah  Hanagan,  of  Ottawa,  in  the 
Summer  of  1874,  and  a  temporary  school  house  built  the  same  year.  The 
jviUage  at  present  supports  a  good  school,  which  is  well  patronized  and  main, 
'tained  about  eight  months  in  the  year.  At  the  last  election,  a  tax  of  $1,800 
;wa8  voted  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  suitable  school  building,  and  soon  the 


570  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

clangor  of  the  seminary  bell  will  be  heard  in  the  village,  morning,  noon  and 
night. 

The  Methodist  society  was  organized  in  the  village  in  the  Summer  of  1874, 
under  the  ministerial  care  of  Rev.  R.  D.  Russell.  The  membership  at  the  date 
of  organization  did  not  exceed  eight  persons,  and  the  church  now  numbers  on 
its  roll  some  twenty  active  members,  and  is  in  a  flourishing  condition. 

Strawn,  like  hundreds  of  other  railroad  towns  and  villages,  has  sprung  up 
in  the  last  few  years  like  a  hot-house  plant.  It  is,  however,  a  flourishing  little 
place,  full  of  energy  and  enterprise,  and  does  a  large  amount  of  business.  It 
is  increasing  in  importance  each  year,  and  will  soon  overtake  some  of  its  elder 
neighbors,  unless  they  rub  off  the  rust  of  years,  and,  like  Dickens'  Little  Joe, 
"move  on." 

GERMANTOWN  TOWNSHIP. 

0  sprecht !   warum  zogt  ihr  von  dannen  ? 

Das  Neckarthal  hat  Wein  und  Korn  ; 
Der  Schwarzwald  stoht  vol!  finstrer  Tanneu, 

Im  Spessart  klingt  des  Alplers  Horn. 

Wie  wird  es  in  den  fremden  Waldern 

Euch  nach  der  Heimathberge  Grun, 
Nach  Deutschlands  gelden  Weizenfeldern, 

Nach  seinen  Rebenhugeln  ziehn  ! 

Wie  wird  das  Bild  der  alten  Tage 

Durch  cure  Traume  glauzend  wehn  ! 
Gleich  einer  stillen,  frommen  Sage 

Wird  es  euch  vor  der  Seele  stehn. 

Der  Bootsmann  winkt ! — Zieht  hin  in  Frieder 
Gott  schutz'  euch,  Mann  und  Weib  und  Greis  ! 

Sei  Freude  eurer  Brust  beschieden, 
Und  euren  Feldern  Reis  und  Mais ! 

This  township  is  very  appropriately  named.  It  is  strictly  a  German  town. 
Three-fourths  of  its  population,  perhaps,  are  from  the  "Faderland,"  and  have 
sought  the  prairies  of  the  New  World,  and  homes  where  all  are  free  and  all 
are  equal.  No  more  honest  and  enterprising  farmers,  or  quiet  and  peaceable 
citizens  exist  in  Livingston  County,  than  these  hard-working  Germans  of  the 
township  heading  this  chapter.  They  move  on  in  the  "  even  tenor  of  their 
way"  without  ostentation  or  display,  quietly  enjoying  their  pipes  and  their 
lager  beer,  and  very  rarely  interfering,  to  their  credit  be  it  said,  in  the  affaixs  of 
others.  Germantown  occupies  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  the  county,  and 
is  described  as  Township  25  north.  Range  8  east  of  the  Third  Principal  Meridian. 
It  is  a  fractional  town,  and  is  almost  entirely  prairie,  with  but  very  little  native 
timber,  and  a  small  quantity  of  what  was  in  the  earlier  days  of  settlement, 
termed  "swamp  lands."  Until  1867,  Germantown  was  included  in  Chatsworth 
Township,  as  noticed  in  that  part  of  this  work.     At  the  meeting  of  the  Board 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  571 

<tf  Supervisors  that  year,  Germantown  petitioned  to  be  set  off,  and  thus  became 
an  independent  town. 

Thomas  Y.  Brown  made  the  first  actual  settlement  in  Germantown  Town- 
ship in  1855.  He  came  from  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.,  and  located  as  noticed- 
above,  in  Germantown,  where  he  lived  until  a  few  years  ago  when  he  retired 
from  active  business  and  removed  to  the  village  of  Chatsworth.  He  still  owns 
his  farm  in  Germantown,  which  is  cultivated  by  tenants,  while  he  resides  in  the 
village  enjoying  the  competence  his  life  of  industry  and  perseverance  in  busi- 
ness has  won  for  him.  A  son  of  Mr.  Brown's  is  engaged  in  the  banking  busi- 
ness at  Chatsworth,  and  is  one  of  the  honorable  business  men  of  the  place. 

The  next  year  after  the  settlement  of  Mr.  Brown  in  Germantown  witnessed 
the  arrival  of  Nicholas  Fraoeb  and  P.  Goembel,  from  the  "  Black  Forests  of 
the  Rhine."  They  settled  here  in  the  Fall  of  1856,  and  were  soon  followed 
by  others  from  "Deutschland,"  until  to-day,  as  stated  a  little  space  ago,  nearly 
the  entire  town  is  settled  up  with  Germans,  many  of  whom  cannot  speak  a 
word  of  English,  and  among  whom  the  mellow  accents  of  Germany  alone  are 
heard.  Dr.  R.  B.  Wilson,  who  came  from  Ireland,  but  lived  in  Washington, 
Tazewell  County,  owned  a  section  or  two  of  land  in  this  township.  He  sold 
the  most  of  it  to  Germans,  Avho,  through  his  instrumentality  came  here  and 
made  their  settlement  within  a  few  years  from  the  time  of  the  first  opening 
made  by  Brown. 

Hon.  Samuel  T  Fosdick  is  from  New  York  City,  and  was  induced  to  come 
West  by  his  physician,  with  a  hope  of  restoring  his  feeble  health.  He  settled 
in  Germantown  in  1858.  At  that  time,  he  informed  us,  there  wefe  living  in 
the  town  Thomas  Y.  Brown  and  a  few  German  families  ;  the  remainder  of  the 
lands  were  unoccupied.  A  few  years  ago  Mr.  Fosdick  removed  into  Chats- 
worth village,  where  he  at  present  resides.  He  is  a  lawyer  of  merit,  and  a 
member  of  the  State  Senate,  from  the  district  composed  of  the  Counties  of 
Livingston  and  Ford.  But  a  more  complete  history  of  him  is  given  in  the 
chapter  devoted  to  Chatsworth.  This  includes  the  first  settlements  made  in 
this  township,  and  brings  its  history  up  to  a  period  when  immigrants  came  in? 
mostly  from  the  "  old  country,"  with  too  much  rapidity  for  the  historian  to 
keep  trace  of  them. 

Germantown  has  no  church  edifices,  nor  a  store  or  post  office,  within  its 
territorial  limits.  There  are,  however,  several  church  societies  of  the  German 
Lutheran,  Ormish  and  Evangelical  Association,  who  hold  their  religious  meet- 
ings in  the  school  houses,  and  at  the  people's  residences  but  of  them,  we  were 
unable  to  obtain  much  definite  information.  Their  mail  is  received  from  Chats- 
worth, Strawn  and  other  offices  around  its  borders,  and  their  trading  is  likewise 
done  at  these  places. 

The  schools  of  Germantown  are  in  a  very  flourishing  condition,  and  well  up 
to  the  standard  of  public  schools  in  any  other  section  of  the  county.  The  first 
school  was  taught  in  1859.  but  the  name  of  the  teacher  is  forgotten.      We  find 


572  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

from  the  records  that  in  1866  there  were  three  school  districts  in  the  county, 
and  thirty-five  scholars  in  attendance.  White  persons  under  21  years  of  age 
were  forty-five,  and  the  school  fund  was  $146.  In  1873  there  were  five  schools  ; 
161  children  between  the  ages  of  6  and  21  years,  and  the  number  at  school 
101,  Two  male  and  six  female  teachers  were  employed,  and  the  district  tax 
levy  for  support  of  schools  was  $947.  The  following  figures  are  taken  from  the 
last  annual  report  of  A.  B.  Minnerly,  School  Treasurer  of  the  township,  to  the 
county  superintendent  of  schools  : 

Number  of  males  in  township  under  21  years 168 

Number  of  females  in  township  under  21  years 158 

Total 326 

Number  of  males  between  6  and  21  years 101 

Number  of  females  between  6  and  21  years 118 

Total 219 

Number  of  males  attending  school 75 

Number  of  females  attending  school 60 

Total 135 

Number  of  male  teachers  employed •  6 

Number  of  female  teachers  employed 4 

Total 10 

Estimated  value  of  school  property $4,600.00 

School  fund  for  support  of  schools 8,790.50 

Highest  monthly  wages  paid  any  teacher 46.00 

Lowest  monthly  wages  paid  any  teacher 25.00 

Whole  amount  paid  teachers 1,237.75 

There  are  at  present  in  the  township,  which  is  fractional,  five  school  districts, 
in  all  of  which  there  are  good,  comfortable  school  houses,  and  schools  main- 
tained for  the  usual  term  each  year. 

We  have  stated  that  Germantown  was  without  churches,  stores  and  post 
oflSces,  and  we  may  add,  without  mills,  railroads,  mighty  water  courses  or  great 
forests.  In  fact  it  has  little  history  beyond  the  settlement  of  its  quiet  citizens. 
It  is  well  supplied  with  good  roads  ;  but  these  are  of  too  modern  construction 
to  be  an  interesting  matter  of  history.  Its  political  faith  is  pretty  evenly 
divided  between  the  two  great  parties  of  the  day,  and  indeed,  it  is  stated  that 
the  Presidential  contest  in  1876  between  Hayes  and  Tilden  was  a  tie  vote. 
The  present  township  officers  of  Germantown  are  A.  B.  Minnerly,  Supervisor; 
John  Leggate  and  A.  B.  Minnerly,  Justices  of  the  Peace  ;  F.  C.  Dassan,  Town 
Clerk  ;  Charles  Roedel,  Collector,  and  John  Leggate,  Assessor. 

This  concludes  our  history  of  Livingston  County,  and  to  the  patient  reader, 
who  has  followed  us  through  these  pages,  we  kindly  bid  you  adieu. 


The    following  Chapters    were  received   too  late   for  insertion   in 

their   proper   place. 


GEOLOGICAL  FEATURES. 

[For  the  benefit  of  our  patrons  who  are  interested  in  the  subject,  we  copy 
from  the  Geological  Survey  of  Illinois  that  portion  pertaining  to  the  coal  measures 
of  Livingston  County.  The  plates  of  this  work  were  destroyed  by  fire  at  Spring- 
field some  time  since,  and  hence  no  more  copies  will  be  issued,  which  renders 
this  extract  of  great  interest  in  the  history  of  the  county.] 

COAL    MEASURES. 

The  Big  Vermilion  River,  from  the  north  line  of  the  county  to  Pontiac 
affords  many  exposures  that  help  to  determine  the  changes  in  the  coal  measures. 

A  coal  bank  on  the  southwest  quarter  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  1, 
Township  30  north,  Range  3  east,  shows  the  Streator  coal,  which  is  here  di- 
vided by  a  clay  seam  fifteen  inches  thick,  leaving  thirty-three  inches  of  coal 
above  and  twelve  inches  of  coal  below  it.  The  coal  here  is  a  little  below  the 
bed  of  the  river,  and  a  quarter  of  a  mile  below  it  is  at  the  river  level.  A  quar- 
ter of  a  mile  above  the  mine,  the  coal  at  Newtown  Mill  is  in  the  bed  of  the  river 
below  the  dam.  A  half-mile  below  the  mine  the  clay  parting  is  only  one- 
eighth  of  an  inch  thick. 

Glen  wood  Mill,  on  the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  12,  about  the  middle  of 
the  quarter  section.  The  river  runs  north,  35°  west,  and  the  sandstone  above 
the  shale  that  overlies  the  coal  at  Sreator,  shows  here  with  a  dip  south,  35° 
east,  one  foot  in  ten.  At  the  mill  the  dam  rests  upon  the  coal.  One  mile 
above  the  dam  the  coal  appears  again.  It  was  worked  in  1860  and  1861,  and 
said  to  be  three  and  a  half  feet  thick. 

One  hundred  and  twenty  rods  north  of  the  south  line  of  Section  18,  Town- 
ship 30  north.  Range  4  east,  the  coal  is  four  and  a  half  feet  thick  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river.  At  the  south  line  of  Section  18,  the  coal  is  under  the  river 
not  more  than  eight  feet.  Further  down  the  river  a  short  distance,  on  the 
west  side  the  coal  is  three  feet  thick. 

At  the  northwest  corner  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  of 
Section  19,  Township  30,  Range  4  east,  a  limestone  nearly  six  feet  thick 
appears  where  the  river  makes  a  bend  west.  This  rests  on  a  blue  clay,  and 
appears  to  be  No.  12  of  the  general  section  of  La  Salle  County.  Fossils 
found  in  it  were  Productus  longistinus,  Spinifer  cameratus,  Sp.  lineatus, 
Athyris  subtilita  and  Cyathoxonia. 


574  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

The  same  limestone  appears  again  in  the  elbow  of  the  river,  on  the  right 
bank,  on  the  south  part  of  Section  19,  near  the  middle  line;  also  in  a  de- 
tached mass,  slipped  down  in  the  east  part  of  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section 
19,  with  the  underlying  greenish  clay  and  shale  forming  the  bank. 

Sandstone  appears  on  the  north  line  of  Section  30,  Township  30,  Range 
4  east,  near  the  middle  corner.  This  seems  to  be  No.  49,  of  the  general 
section  of  La  Salle  County.  The  base  is  shaly,  discolored  by  wafer  bands 
of  coal  and  coal-plant  fragments.  This  sandstone  continues  in  sight  to  the 
mouth  of  Long  Point  Creek,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  in  the  southeast  cor- 
ner of  Section  29  ;  then  reappears  on  the  right  bank  just  above  the  mouth  of 
Long  Point  Creek.  The  dip  shows  well  here  to  the  northeast,  one  foot  in  twenty. 
In  the  northeast  quarter  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  32,  in  the  bend  of 
of  the  river,  the  direction  of  the  dip  is  a  little  more  east,  and  the  massive  sand- 
stone is  overlaid  by  a  bed  of  silicious  and  micaceous  shale,  on  which  rests  a  clay 
shale  of  a  light  blue  color,  the  silicious  shale  being  of  a  grayish  light  blue. 
In  the  clay  shale  are  two  bands  of  limestone  somewhat  like  ironstone,  irregular, 
separated  by  clay  shale  and  each  about  one  foot  thick.  The  main  sandstone 
appears  again  one  quarter  of  a  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Mud  Creek,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  river,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Mud  Creek  is  the  underlying  shaly 
sandstone.     This  is  near  the  middle  of  Section  32. 

Continuing  up  the  river,  this  sandstone  appears  in  the  south  part  of  Section 
5,  Township  29,  Range  4,  with  five  or  six  feet  of  the  underlying  shales.  One 
quarter  of  a  mile  further  up,  and  probably  in  the  north  part  of  Section  8,  coal 
comes  in  suddenly,  with  section  as  follows  : 

Sandstone ?  .. 

Coal '.. 1  6 

Fire-clay 1  .. 

Shale ?  .. 

This  eighteen  inches  of  coal  is  generally  represented  elsewhere,  and  in  La 
Salle  County  are  fragments  and  wafer  seams  of  coal.  The  fire-clay  is  absent. 
A  thin,  shaly  sandstone  of  eighteen  inches  is  here  found  two  feet  thick  below 
the  coal. 

Southeast,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  or  less,  in  a  straight  line  from  this 
point,  a  coal  seam  appears  in  the  bed  of  the  river.  Its  thickness  could  not  be 
determined,  but  is  at  least  one  and  a  half  feet.  The  right  bank  shows  argilla- 
ceous shales,  with  bands  of  nodules,  and  thin  shales  indicating  the  Streator 
coal.  The  dip  is  between  southeast  and  east.  This  point  is  a  little  below  the 
mouth  of  Scattering  Point  Creek,  and  is  probably  in  the  north  part  of  the 
southeast  quarter  of  Section  8.  The  shales  in  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  in 
the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  9,  in  that  part  of  the  river  which  runs  near 
the  west  line  of  the  section,  appear  to  be  the  same  just  referred  to.  In  the 
bend  of  the  river  at  the  middle  of  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  9,  the 
strata  of  sandstone  and  shale  dip  about  west  one  foot  in  twenty.  Ten  rods 
further  up  the  river,  the  dip  is  a  little  south  of  east  at  the  same  rate. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  575 

Near  the  south  line  of  Section  9,  the  same  sandstone  appears  again,  and  dips 
southeasterly ;  in  the  bank  of  the  river  in  the  southeast  quarter  of  Section  16, 
the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  15  and  the  northwest  quarter  of  Section  22, 
limestone  before  referred  to  appears  in  loose  masses,  the  banks  formed  of  the 
underlying  blue  clay.  A  slippery  bank,  and  the  limestone  slipped  down,  is 
everywhere,  it  appears,  characteristic  of  this  portion  of  the  vertical  section, 
often  obscuring  the  details.  Near  the  north  line  of  Section  22,  and  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  east  of  the  northwest  corner,  the  limestone  in  place  is  down  to  the 
river  level.  The  character  of  this  rock  to  disintegrate  into  irregular  frag- 
ments, is  exhibited  here  in  abundant  loose,  coarse  limestone  gravel,  two  to  four 
inches  in  diameter. 

From  this  point  to  Allen's  Mill,  in  the  southwest  quarter  of  Section  23, 
nothing  noticeable  is  to  be  seen.  This  limestone  appears  again  at  the  mill  dam, 
and  also  ait  the  ford,  two  miles  and  a  half  below  Pontiac,  and  at  Pontiac.  The 
fossils  are  Spirifer  cameratus,  S.  lineatus,  S.  planoconvexus,  Productus  longis- 
pinus,  and  Bellerophon. 

The  branches  of  the  river  in  this  county  afford  no  aid  in  determining  the  rock 
strata,  excepting  at  a  very  few  points,  the  drift  concealing  everything  below. 
Above  Pontiac,  but  little  exposure  is  found.  The  details  given  of  the  tracing  of 
the  river  up  to  Pontiac  show  the  upheaval  of  the  coal  measures  continued  as  in 
La  Salle  County,  and  also  seem  to  indicate  some  slight  local  disturbances  or 
parallel  axial  lines  with  the  main  axis.  • 

On  Rook's  Creek,  in  the  northwest  quarter  of  the  northeast  quarter  of  Sec- 
tion 23,  Township  28,  Range  43,  a  sandstone  is  quarried.  The  section  is  as 
follows  : 

Feet. 
Sandstone,  in  thin  laminae 5 

Sandstone  in  thick  beds,  slightly  micaceous,  bluish  color,  fine  building  stone  ...     2 

Shaly  sandstone  to  water  line 1 

Dip  S.  80°,  W 1  in.  to     1 

One  hundred  yards  west,  down  the  creek,  it  shows  again.  Two  hundred 
yards  west,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  creek,  a  limestone  comes  in,  stratified  in 
masses,  brecciated,  about  five  feet  altogether ;  no  fossils.  The  sandstone  shows 
again  in  the  bed  of  the  creek,  about  eighty  to  one  hundred  rods  in  the  south- 
east corner. 

Section  of  coal  shaft  at  Pontiac,  as  furnished  from  the  record  of  the  com- 
pany : 

Ft.      In.  Ft.  In. 

1.  Drift  clay 18  9 

2.  Limestone 15  20  2 

3.  Blue  shale 6     ...  25  2 

4.  Limestone 4     ...  20  2 

6.     Brown  shale 4     ...  33  2 

6.  Red  shale 2     ...  35       2 

7.  Blue  shale 1     ...  36       2 

8.  Limestone 17       6  53       8 


676  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Ft.      In.  Ft.      In. 

9.  Black  slate 1     ...  54       8 

10.  Brown  shale 8       2  62     10 

11.  Limestone 6     ...  68     10 

12.  Dark  shale : 2     ...  70     10 

13.  Limestone 5     ...  75     10 

«           14,  Red  shale 16     ...  91     10 

15.  Blue  shale 40     ...  131     10 

16.  Black  slate 14     ...  145     10 

17.  Black  slate 19     ...  164     10 

18.  Black  slate 12     ...  176     10 

19.  Rock— limestone  ? 4       6  181       4 

20.  Soapstone 1     ...  182      4 

21.  Coal 4       6  186     10 

22.  Dark  slate— 2  in.  clay  on  top 12     ...  198     10 

28.  Brown  shale 7     •••  205     10 

24.  Dark  slate 6       6  212       4 

25.  Brown  shale 12     ...  224       4 

26.  Very  dark  clay 7     ...  231       4 

27.  Black  slate 50     ...  281       4 

28.  Rock— limestone 7       6  228     10 

29.  Soapstone 18     .  .  306     10 

30.  Limestone 6     ...  312     10 

31.  Soapstone— hard 20     ...  332     10 

32.  Black  slate— hard 30     ...  362     10 

33.  Septara,  containing  bitumen 2     ...  364     10 

34.  Fire-clay? 3     ...  367     10 

35.  Coal 2       6  370      4 

36.  Fire-clay 3       6  373     10 

I  do  not  regard  the  section  as  a  valuable  one.  Some  specimens  oi'Aviou- 
lopecten  rectilaterarius,  found  in  the  waste  pile,  were  reported  as  from  No.  27 

of  the  section,  and  Productus  longispinus,  said  to  be  from  No.  34.  . 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  A.  Matson's  boring  at  Pontiac,  one-quarter  of  a 
mile  northeast  of  the  coal  shaft,  made  in  1863: 

Feet.  Feet. 

1.  Drift 18 

2.  Limestone 1  19 

3.  Blue  slate 9  28 

4.  Hard  rock 4  32 

5.  Red  shale 13  45 

6.  Blue  shale 20  65 

7.  Hard  rock 10  75 

8.  Light-colored  shale 20  95 

9.  Hard  rock 4  99 

10.  Red  shale 18  117 

11.  Blue  shale 30  147 

12.  Black  shale 9  156 

13.  Bfue  shale 44  200 

14.  Coal  shale 3  203 

15.  Coal 1  204 

16.  Blue  shale 23  227 

17.  Black  shale 5  232 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


577 


Shaft  of  H.  L.  Marsh,  Fairbury,  on  southwest  quarter  of  Section  4,  Town- 
ship 26,  Range  6  east: 


Ft.   Iq. 

1.  Black  soil 2     .. 

2.  Yellow  clay 14     .. 

J  Blue  clay 8  1.. 


Ft. 

2 

16 

28 


In. 


4. 

5. 


7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 

11. 

12. 
13. 

14. 

15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 


ly. 


20. 
21. 
22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 
26. 

27. 
28. 
29. 


6 

10  10 
2 

10  11 
..     4 

o 
O 

1 

3 

2 

10 


33 
36 

49 

57 
64 

75 

75 
78 

'83 
88 
95 
96 

105 


6 
4 

6 

6 


1 
1 
4 

6 

4 


181  4 
216  .. 
220  10 
247     6 

248 


\Soft  blue  clay 4 

Quicksand 5 

Limestone 3 

f  Blue  clay, 6     101 

\  Red  and  brown  clay ».■••••  5  J 

J  Limestone 10 

\  Limestone,  shale  and  clay 7 

/Blue  clay 5     5 

\  Red  clay 5     6 

Limestone 

Coal,  0  3;  slate,  2  ft 2 

(Blue  clay 5 
Red  clay 5 
Red  clay,  very  dark 7 

Blue  limestone,  very  hard 1 

Red  clay 8 

(Sandstone,  tine  and  light  colored  at  top,  coarser  descend' g  70     .. 
Sandstone  in  thin  bands,  interstratified  with  thin  bands 
of  clay 9     .. 

Soapstone 31     8 

Coal 4  10 

Fireclay 26     8 

Limestone,  hard 1     2 

Slate,dark 2  .. 

Slate,  light 15  6 

Slate,  dark 10  8 

Slate,  black 1  5 

Slate,  band  of  nodules 2 

Slate,  black,  with  some  coal 1  11 

Clay,  light  colored,  soft 

Limestone 6 

Soapstone,  light,  sandy 3 

Slate,  dark,  soft 7 

(  Sandy  shale 1     5 

\  Sandy  shale,  changing  to  clay  shale  at  bottom 38     7 

Sandstone,  micaceous  and  shaly  at  top,  harder  at  bottom....  40     7 

Shale,  soft  at  top  and  hard  at  bottom 8  11 

Coal 2     5 

Fire-clay 20     6 

Sandstone,  sandy  shales  with  thin  clay  bands,  to 

From  the  coal  No.  27  the  section  was  ascertained  by  boring  in  bottom  of 
shaft.  Water  was  noticed  at  427  feet.  The  upper  sixteen  feet  of  No.  25, 
reported  to  contain  calamiles  and  large  wood-like  fossils,  body  being  of  sand- 
stone, probably  sigillaria  incrusted  with  coal.  Limestone  No.  5  of  4;his  section 
outcrops  near  town. 


31 


1  11 


2 


8 


280     4 


282 

288 

291 

292 

293 
332 

372 

381 

383 

404 

571 


6 
11 


578  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 

The  shaft  and  boring  of  Amsbury  &  Jones,  on  southwest  quarter  of  Section 
2,  at  Fairbury,  exhibit  the  following  section,  as  reported  by  them  : 

SECTION. 

Ft.    In.  Ft.  In. 

1.  Soil 2  6 

2.  Yellow  Clay 8     8  11  2 

3.  Blue  clay  and  mixed  with  sand 9     7  20  9 

4.  Gravel,  with  little  water 11  21  10 

5.  Hard-pan,  sand  and  gravel,  with  little  clay,  cemented 

and  vei-y  hard 39     2  61  .  . 

6.  Blue  clay 29     4  90  4 

7.  Black  and  brown  shale  mixed,  changing  into  sandstone, 

and  bottom  6  or  8  feet,  contains  fossil  plants  covered 
with  coal  crust,  making  gray  colored  debris  ;  water 

abundant  at  bottom  of  this 43     ..  133  4 

8.  Sandstone 14     ..  147  4 

9.  Clay,  light  colored 4     ..  151  4 

10.  Coal  (working  this  bed) 4     2  155  6 

11.  Fire-clay,  with  pyrite  balls 8     ..  163  6 

12.  Red  shale 7     ..  170  6 

13.  Sandstone 4     ..  174  6 

14.  Limestone 7  175  1 

15.  Shale 6     ..  181  1 

16.  Limestone 1     6  182  7 

17.  Blue  shale  or  clay 21     ..  203  7 

18.  Coal ..     2  203  9 

19.  Sandstone 3     ..  206  9 

20.  Blue  shale  or  clay 2     ..  208  9 

21.  Coal 2  208  11 

22.  ill^'Y a'-\:"\ in  I     17     ••  '-^25  11 

\  Shale  or  dark  clay 10  J 

23.  Black  slate  with  little  coal 2     ..  227  11 

24.  Fire-clay 1     6  229  5 

25.  Sandstone 5     ..  234  5 

26.  Fire-clay 7     ..  241  5 

27.  Limestone,  hard 18  243  1 

28.  Fire-clay 3     6  246  7 

29.  Sandstone 11     ..  257  7 

30.  Blue  clay  or  shale 45     ..  302  7 

81.     Coal 3     6  306  1 

32.  Fire-clay 1     ..  307  1 

33.  Sandstone 2     ..  309  1 

The  mine  is  wet,  water  dripping  from  the  sandstone,  No.  8  of  the  sectionr 

the  clay  next  above  the  coal  giving  way,  and  varying  from  two  to  eight  feet  in 
thickness.     H.  L.  Marsh's  mine  is  dry. 

Chatsworth  boring  west  of  town  for  coal,  southeast  quarter  Section  4, 
Town  26,  Range  8  east : 

SECTION. 

Ft.      In.  Ft.  In. 

1.  Soil,  blue  clay  and  sand 65 

2.  Soft  sandstone  (sand?) 15     ..  80  .. 

3.  Vegetable  dirt  bed,   grains  of  wood  discernible  like 

old  rotten  logs  and  portions  of  leaves 4     ..  84 

4.  Fire-clay  (so-called) 4     ..  88 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  579 

Ft.   In.  Ft.   In. 

5.  Sandstone 85  ..  123   .. 

6.  Shale 13  ..  136   .. 

7.  Coal  or  black  shale 2  136       2 

8.  Fire-clay 1     ..  137       2 

9.  Soapstone  or  shale 11     ..  148       2 

10.  Coal 13  149       5 

11.  Fire-clay 3     ..  152       5 

12.  Soapstone 15     ..  167       5 

13.  Black  slate 1     6  168     11 

14.  Soapstone  or  shale 31     1  200     ... 

To  coal  or  slate,  a  thin  bed,  with  iron  pyrite. 

This  boring  is  fifty  feet  from  the  railroad,  near  east  line  of  Section  4. 
Artesian  well  at  Chatsworth,  southeast  quarter  of  Section  3,  Township  26, 
Range  8  east : 

Section.                                                                                                                  Feet.  Feet. 

1.  Soil  and  clay 4 

2.  Yellow  clay 4  8 

3.  Blue  clay 44  52 

4.  Sand  and  gravel 8  60 

5.  Blue  clay 10  70 

6.  Sand 5  75 

7.  Hard-pan  (clay  and  gravel) 53  128 

8.  Sand 7  135 

9.  Hard-pan  and  clay 52  187 

10.  Soft  clay  and  gravel 13  200 

11.  Soapstone 21  221 

12.  Limestone 69  290 

13.  Limestone 94  384 

14.  Limestone 70  454 

15.  Limestone 115  669 

16.  Black  slate 40  609 

17.  Gritstone 80  689 

18.  Limestone 65  754 

19.  Limestone 70  824 

20.  Dark  shale 36  860 

21.  Limestone 147  1,007 

22.  Flint 109  1,116 

23.  Dark-gray  shale,  with  streaks  of  flint 84  1,200 

A  comparison  of  the  two  borings  above  shows  an  abrupt  change  from  the 

coal  measures  to  the  older  rocks,  and  a  great  difference  in  the  depth  of  the 
drift. — [Geological  Survey  of  Illinois.] 


THE  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY  AGRICULTURAL  ASSOCIATION. 

The  earliest  attempts  at  popular  exhibitions  of  the  agricultural  and  mechan- 
ical products  of  the  county  were  held  about  the  year  1850,  in  the  Court 
House  Square.  The  principal  mover  in  these  exhibitions  was  Mr.  Samuel 
Ladd.  But  few  articles  were  exhibited  ;  and  at  the  close  of  the  day's  enter- 
tainment, a  hat  was  passed  around  to  raise  means  to  defray  expenses. 


580  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

These  primitive  fairs  generally  went  by  the  name  of  '•'rope  fairs,"  from  the 
fact  that  a  rope  was  stretched  around  the  articles  shown.  These  fairs  were  held 
at  irregular  intervals  until  1856,  when,  at  a  meeting  of  several  gentlemen  inter- 
ested in  the  subject,  a  permanent  organization  was  effected. 

This  meeting  was  held  at  the  Court  House,  on  Jan.  5,  1856,  at  which  meet- 
ing Wm.  J.  Murphy  was  chosen  Chairman  and  James  Stout,  Secretary.  A 
Constitution  was  submitted  and  adopted,  and  the  following  officers  elected  at 
said  meeting  : 

William  J.  Murphy,  President ;  M.  D.  Edgington,  Vice  President ;  C.  B. 
Ostrander,  Vice  President ;  S.  McCormick,  Vice  President ;  Otis  Richardson, 
Secretary  ;  James  Stout,  Corresponding  Secretary  :  James  M.  Perry,  Treaurer. 

The  first  County  Fair  was  held  in  the  Fall  of  1856,  in  the  Court  House 
Square  in  Pontiac.  No  admission  fee  was  charged  and  a  very  small  list  of  pre- 
miums offered. 

On  the  18th  day  of  April,  1857,  the  Board  reorganized,  and  a  Constitution 
was  adopted.  Section  1  of  the  Constitution  provided  that  this  society  shall 
be  called  "  The  Livingston  County  Agricultural  Society."  Its  objects  shall  be 
to  improve  the  condition  of  agriculture,  horticulture,  mechanic  and  household 
arts.  Also,  that  this  Board  shall  consist  of  such  persons  as  shall  pay  into  the 
treasury  not  less  than  |1.00  and  |1.00  annually  thereafter.  The  payment  of 
$20  or  more  shall  constitute  a  life  member  of  this  society. 

The  officers  of  this  Board  shall  consist  of  a  President,  a  Vice  President,  a 
Secretary,  a  Treasurer  and  a  Board  of  nine  Directors  (five  of  whom  shall  con- 
stitute a  quorum). 

Under  this  organization  twenty  fairs  were  lield,  with  a  very  good  attendance 
at  each.  The  result  has  been  a  growing  interest  in  agricultural,  horticultural 
and  mechanical  pursuits. 

In  1865,  the  society  purchased  the  old  fair  grounds,  south  of  the  Vermilion 
River,  which  they  furnished  with  buildings,  stalls  and  a  good  half-mile  track, 
and  which  were  occupied  until  the  present  season. 

In  1872,  the  Legislature  passed  a  law  changing  the  State  Agricultural 
Society  to  the  State  Agricultural  Board,  and  giving  it  certain  privileges.  The 
same  act  provided  that  any  County  Agricultural  Society  forming  an  organiza- 
tion in  compliance  with  this  law  would  be  entitled  to  $100  each  season  a  fair 
was  held. 

That  year,  the  Livingston  County  Agricultural  Society  changed  to  the  Liv- 
ingston County  Agricultural  Board,  in  compliance  with  this  law,  and  continued 
under  that  organization  and  name  until  Jan.  1,  1878.  At  this  date,  it  was 
decided  to  form  a  stock  company,  sell  the  oLl  grounds,  purchase  new  and  more 
<lesirable  grounds  and  extend  the  aim  and  purpose  of  the  society.  One  thousand 
shares  at  $10  each  were  decided  upon  and  readily  disposed  of,  thereby  creating 
a  fund  of  $10,000.  This  is  used  in  part  to  defray  expenses,  insure  payment 
of  premiums  and  to  supply  any  deficiency  that  may  occur. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  583 

The  grounds  comprise  fifty-five  acres  southeast  of  the  city  on  the  bank  of 
the  river.  One-third  of  the  grounds  are  admirably  shaded,  affording  a  pleasant 
retreat.  A  most  excellent  one-half-mile  track  is  graded  and  ready  for  use. 
Oood  buildings,  stables  and  other  necessax'y  adjuncts  will  be  at  once  erected,  so 
that  by  the  Fall  meeting — first  week  of  September — every  thing  will  be  in 
readiness.  The  premiums  offered  aggregate  $3,000,  and  an  excellent  exhibition 
is  anticipated. 

The  present  officers  of  the  association  are  as  follows :  President,  W.  C. 
Burleigh;  Vice  President,  Bailey  A.  Gower;  Secretary,  A.  W.  Kellogg :  Treas- 
urer. D.  C.  Eylar ;  Executive  Committee,  J.  P.  Houston,  W.  P.  Corbin.  A.  E. 
Sweet,  James  Marks,  C.  W.  Ament. 

A  Director  from  each  township  in  the  county  is  elected  by  the  stockholders 
for  three  years.  These  Directors  are  divided  into  three  classes,  one  class  going 
•out  each  year. 

OLD  SETTLERS'  ASSOCIATION. 

The  Old  Settlers'  Association  of  Livingston  County  was  organized  on  the 
30th  day  of  December,  1875,  at  the  Court  House  in  Pontiac,  111.,  being  the 
first  public  meeting  held  in  the  new  Court  House. 

Constitution  and  By-Laws  were  adopted.  James  McDowell  was  elected 
President;  E.  C.  Allen  and  J.  W.  Darnell,  Vice  Presidents;  John  A.  Fellows, 
Secretary  ;  Samuel  C.  Ladd,  Scribe ;  James  E.  Morrow,  Treasurer,  and  Rev. 
James  Parcells,  Chaplain. 

The  second  meeting  of  the  Association  was  held  at  the  fair  grounds  at  Pontiac 
•on  the  28th  day  of  September,  1876.  James  McDowell  was  elected  President, 
with  one  Vice  President  from  each  township  ;  John  A.  Fellows,  Secretary  ; 
D.  L.  Murdock,  Scribe ;  James  E.  Morrow,  Treasurer ;  Rev.  James  Parcells, 
Chaplain. 

The  third  meeting  was  held  at  Fairbury,  111.,  on  September  4,  1877.  Wal- 
ter Cornell  was  elected  President,  with  one  Vice  President  from  each  township  ; 
John  A.  Fellows,  Secretary ;  D.  L.  Murdock,  Scribe ;  James  E.  Morrow, 
Treasurer,  and  Rev.  James  Parcells,  Chaplain. 

The  fourth  meeting  has  been  appointed  to  be  held  at  Cornell,  111.,  on  the 
.21»th  day  of  August,  1878. 

The  Rev.  James  Parcells  died  March  13,  1878. 

I         The  following  is  a  list  of  the  first  settlers  of  different  towns,  as  furnished  us 

I  by  John.  A.  Fellows  and  D.  L.  Murdock,  Secretary  and  Scribe  of  the  Associa- 

'  tion.     The  list  is  not  as  complete  as  they  would  like  to  have  had  it,  from  the 

fact  that  many  failed  to  respond  to  inquiries  sent  out  to  obtain  the  information : 

AVOCA    TOWNSHIP. 

Isaac  Burgit,   born  in   Schenectady  County,   N.  Y. ;    settled  here  in   1834  ; 
removed  to  Ottawa  in  1850. 


584  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

Harrison  Flesher,  born  in  Virginia ;  settled  here  in  1835  ;  removed  to  Iowa  m 

1840. 
John  Hannamon,  settled  here  in  1831 ;  died  in  November,  1832. 
Nicholas  Hefner,  born  in  Greenbrier  County,  Virginia ;  died  in  March,  1850. 
Isaac  Jordon,  born  in  Ohio  ;  settled  here  in  1830  ;  removed  to  Southern  Illinois 

in  1834. 
McDowell,  born  in  Bourbon  County,  Kentucky ;  settled  here  in  1832 ; 

died  September  6,  1834. 
W.  G.  McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio;  settled  here 

in  1832. 
James  McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio  ;  settled  here 

in  1832. 
John  McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio ;   settled  here 

in  1832. 
Hiram  McDowell,  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio  ;  settled  here  in  1832  ;  removed 

to  Kansas  in  1876. 
Joseph  B.  McDowell,  born  in  Scioto    County,   Ohio ;    settled  here  in  1832 ; 

removed  to  Kansas  in  1869. 
McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury,  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio ;  settled  here 

in  1850. 
I.  P.  McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;    born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio ;   settled  here 

in  1850. 
Thomas  G.  McDowell,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Scioto  County,  Ohio ;  settled 

here  in  1848. 
William  Popejoy,  born  in  Darke  County,  Ohio ;  settled  here  in  1831 ;  died  in 

November,  1848. 
Elijah  Thompson,  born  in  Ohio :  settled  here  in  1833;  removed  to  Kankakee 

in  1834 ;  died  in  1839. 
J.  Titus,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Washington  County,  Massachusetts ;  settled 

here  in  1850. 

AMITY    TOWNSHIP. 

Walter   Cornell,    P.    0.    Cornell ;    born   in    Rhode    Island ;    settled  here    in 

1838. 
T.   M.    Campbell,  P.   0.    Cornell  ;    born  in  Licking  County,  Ohio ;    settled 

here  in  1835. 
L.    Louderbach,  P.  0.  Cornell :    born  in  Brown  County,  Ohio ;    settled  here 

in  1837. 

BELLE    PRAIRIE    TOWNSHIP. 

J.  F.  Cooper,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;    born  in   Overton  County,  Tenn.  ;  settled  here 

here  in  1834. 
V.  M.  Darnall,  P.    0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Virginia  ;  settled   here  in   October, 

1830. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  585 

Benj.  Hieronymus,  P.  0.   Fairbury :  born  in    Fayette   County,   Ky.  ;    settled 

*  here  in  1840. 
Jasper  N.  Hieronymus,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  here  in  1844. 
William  Hieronymus,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  here. 
V.  M.  Hieronymus,  born  here  in  1846 :  died  Aug.  29,  1877. 
John  G.  Steers.  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Boone  County,  Ky.  ;  settled  here  in 

1836. 
J.  M.  Steers,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  here  in  1839. 
Williamson  Spence,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Madison  County,   Ky. ;  settled 

here  in  1831. 
David  P.  Travis,  P.  0.   Fairbury :    born  in   Overton   County,   Tenn. ;  settled 

here  in  1834  ;  died  in  1852. 
Martin  M.  Travis,  P.  0.  Fairbury  :  born  in  Overton    County,  Tenn. ;  settled 

here  in  1834. 
John  H.*  Travis.  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Overton  County,  Tenn.;  settled  here 

in  1834. 
Jeremiah  M.  Travis.  P.  (J.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Overton  County.  Tenn. ;  settled 

here  in  1834. 
John  D.  Travis,  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  here  in  1843. 

DWIGHT    TOWNSHIP. 

Isaac  H.  Baker,  P.  0.  Dwight  :    born  in  Huntingdon  County,  Penn.  ;    settled 

here  in  1855. 
John  Connant,  born  in  Berkshire   County,  Mass.  ;  settled  here  in  1854  ;  died 

in  1860. 
Nelson  Cornell,  P.  0.  Dwight ;  born  in  New  York  ;  settled  here  in  1854. 
James  Mclllduflf,  P.  0.  Dwight :  born  in  Ireland ;  settled  here  in  1855. 
David  McWilliaras.   P.  0.   Dwight :  born  in  Belmont  County,  Ohio  ;  settled 

here  in  1855. 
0.  F.  Pearre,  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  born  in  Clermont  County,  Ohio  ;  settled  here  in 

1860. 
James  C.  Spencer,  P.  0.  Milwaukee,  Wis. ;    born  in  Albany  County,  N.  Y.  ; 

settled  here  in  1854 :  removed  to  Milwaukee  in  1860. 

FORREST    TOWNSHIP. 

Thos.  A.  Jones,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  New  Jersey  ;  settled  here  in  1837. 
T.  B.  Jones,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  New  Jersey ;  settled  here  in  1838. 
Orin  Phelps,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Boston,  Mass. ;  settled  here  in  1840. 
John  Thompson,  born  in  New  Y'ork  ;  settled  here  in  1837  ;  died  in  1849. 
Nancy  Wilson,  P.   0.  Forrest ;  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio  :  settled  here 

in  1837. 
Nicholas  Wilson,  settled  here  in  1854 :  died  in  1876, 


586  HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 

INDIAN    GROVE    TOWNSHIP. 

R.  G.  Crouch,  p.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Grafton  County,  New  Hampshire  , 
settled  here  in  1850. 

Henry  Darnall,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Madison  County,  Kentucky  ;  settled 
here  in  1849. 

Nathan  0.  Darnall,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  here  in  1838. 

James  W.  Darnall,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  here  in  1833. 

Jefferson  Donaho,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Madison  County,  Kentucky:  set- 
tled here  in  1839. 

Isam  Moore,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Rutherford  County,  North  Carolina ; 
settled  here  in  1834. 

Richard  Moore,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Rutherford  County,  North  Carolina; 
settled  here  in  1832. 

Francis  Moore,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Orange  County,  North  Carolina;  set- 
tled here  in  1834. 

Andrew  B.  Phillips,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Overton  County,  Tennessee; 
settled  here  in  1832. 

Robert  Smith,  settled  here  in  1836  ;  died  in  1867. 

John  D.  Spence,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Madison  County,  Kentucky  ;  settled 
here  in  1833. 

Decatur  Veatch,  born  in  Harrison  County,  Indiana ;  settled  here  in  1846 ; 
died  in  1873. 

Mrs.  Martha  R.  Veatch,  P.  0.  Fairbury :  born  in  Franklin  County,  Kentucky  ; 
settled  here  in  1836. 

LONG    POINT    TOWNSHIP. 

E.  C.  Allen,  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  born  in  Tioga  County,  Tennessee ;  settled 
here  in  1841. 

Absalom  Halem,  P.  0.  Long  Point;  born  in  Pennsylvania:  settled  here  in 
1850. 

James  McDowell,  born  in  County  Cavan,  Ireland  ;  settled  here  in  1837 ;  died 
in  1846. 

Andrew  J.  McDowell,  P.  0.  Long  Point :  born  in  Bradford  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania; settled  here  in  1837. 

0.  B.  Wheeler,  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  born  in  Columbia  County.  New  York :  set- 
tled here  in  1841. 

NEWTOWN   TOWNSHIP. 

David  Mcintosh,  P.  0.  Collins  ;  born  in  Fayette  County,  Indiana ;  settled  here 

in  1852. 

PONTIAC    TOWNSHIP. 

H.  G.  Popejoy,  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Darke  County,  Ohio  :  settled  here  in 
1832. 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY.  587 

WALDO    TOWNSHIP. 

Peter  Baxendale,  P.  0.  Gridley  ;  bom  in  Manchester,  England ;  settled  here 
in  1859. 

NEBRASKA    TOWNSHIP. 

Joel  J.  Doolittle,  P.  0.  Streator ;  born  in  New  York ;  settled  here  in  1857  ; 
removed  to  Streator. 

Gilbert  Evans,  P.  0.  Fairbury  :  born  in  Pickaway  County,  Ohio ;  settled  here 
in  1858. 

Daniel  Graft,  settled  here  in  1855. 

Moses  Hopwood,  settled  here  in  1856. 

Levi  James,  P.  0.  Minonk,  Woodford  Co.;  born  in  Logan  County,  Ohio;  set- 
tled here  in  1850  ;  died  August,  1866. 

James  Murphy,  P.  0.  Zookville  ;  settled  here  in  1856. 

Joseph  Martin,  P.  0.  Zookville ;  born  in  Illinois ;  settled  here  in  1856. 

Able  Pearson,  P.  0.  Zookville  ;  born  in  England ;  settled  here  in  1856. 

N.  J.  Pillsbury,  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  born  in  York  County,  Maine  ;  settled  here 
in  1858. 

S.  N.  Pillsbury,  P.  0.  Gridley ;  born  in  Maine ;  settled  here  in  1858. 

Andrew  J.  Snider,  P.  0.  Weston  ;  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Kentucky  ;  set- 
tled here  in  1857. 

James  Smith,  P.  0.  Minonk,  Woodford  Co.;  born  in  Illinois ;  settled  here  in  1858. 

Isaac  Sheets,  P.  0.  Gridley  ;  settled  here  in  1855  ;  removed  to  Gridley. 

Robert  Smiley,  settled  here  in  1855;  removed  to  Kansas. 

Levi  Thompson,  P.  0.  Minonk  ;  settled  here  in  1857. 

Hilyerd  A'^andoren,  P.  0.  Zookville  ;  born  in  New  Jersey  ;  settled  here  in  1856. 

B.  F.  Wood,  P.  0.  Minonk  ;  settled  here  in  1857. 

S.  G.  Wilcox,  P.  0.  Minonk ;  settled  here  in  1857. 

rook's  creek  township. 

Mary  Jane  Bennett,  P.  0.  Cornell ;  born  in  Virginia ;  settled  here  in  1830. 

Garret  Blue,  born  in  Virginia ;  settled  here  in  1831. 

Mary  Jane  Louderbach,  P.  0.  Cornell ;  born  in  Virginia  ;  settled  here  in  1831. 

SULLIVAN    township. 

J.  G.  Cheesebrough,  born  in  New  York  ;  settled  here  in  1855. 

S.  B.  Cheesebrough,  born  in  Albany,  New  York ;  settled  here  in  1855  ;  died 

in  May,  1861. 
Alex.    Harbison,  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in   Albany,   New   York;  settled  here 

in  1855. 
D.  Harbison,  born  in  Albany,  New  York ;  settled  here  in  1855. 
Rev.  F.  Thornton,  settled  here  in  1856 ;  removed  to  Iowa. 

SUNBURY    township. 

Andrew  Sprague,  P.  0.  Cornell  :  born  in  Delaware  County,  New  Y^'ork ;  set- 
tled here  in  1835. 


-  C»t-  CO. 


LIVINGSTON  COUNTY  COURT  HOUSE. 


ILLINOIS  NATIONAL  GUARDS. 


TENTH  BATTALION. 

BegimentcU  Headquarters  at  Dicight. 

Organized  August  21,  1876,  and  at  present  composed  of 
<'«Dipaoy  A,  stationed  at  Pontiac;  Company  B,  stationed 
at  Wenona;  Ck)mpany  C,  stationed  at  Fairbury ;  Company 
P.  f'tationedatOdell,and  Company  E, stationed  at  Dwight. 

BATTALION   0FFICEB8. 

J.  B.  Parsons,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Commanding,  Dwight. 

J.  K.  Howard,  Major,  Oilell. 

H.  E.  W.  Barnes,  Surgeon,  Fairbury. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Culver,  Chaplain,  Pontiac. 

C.  J.  Jndd,  Adjutant,  Dwight. 

Cadet  Taylor,  Quartermaster,  Wenona. 

Company  A,  Pontiac  Guards. 

B.  E.  Kobinson,  Captain. 

B.  J.  Johnson,  First  Lieutenant. 
J.  C.  Keach,  Second  Lieutenant. 
James  Fenton,  First  Sergeant. 
John  Cleary,  Second  Sergeant. 
John  J.  Anderson,  Third  Sergeant. 
S.  C.  Wolf,  Fourth  Sergeant. 

C.  L.  Bigelow,  Fifth  Seigeant. 


Geo.  W.  Bay. 
Wm.  Hogue. 
Chas.  ('.  Wyman. 
Charles  Harvey. 


E.  W.  Mcintosh, 


Algoe,  Wm. 
Brenzel,  Geo.  W. 
Byrnes,  Francis. 
Boyer,  Wm.  H. 
Bastion,  C.  E. 
Bell,  Albert. 
Cooke,  Wm. 
Curry,  Thos. 
Fox,  Robert. 
Frakcs,  Francis. 
Fox,  Edward. 
Gatr,  Jas.  H. 
Hancock,  Chas. 
Herbert,  John. 
Heenan,  Dan'l. 
Johnson,  Leander. 
Johnson,  Jno.  J. 
Jones,  L.  H. 


CORPORALS. 

John  W.  Fugate. 
Geo.  W.  Harris. 
George  Herbert. 
M.  A.  Smith. 

MUSICIANS. 

Wm.  H.  Hodge. 


PRIVATES. 

Kissenback,  W.  F. 
Kinney,  Jolin 
Kay,  Saml.  L. 
Kirkpatrick,  J.  0. 
Kingston,  Cassius. 
Linell,  W.  B. 
Lorbach,.John. 
Li)hr,  Pnilip. 
Maxwell,  F.  J. 
McDonald,  .\lex. 
Merritt,  J.  C. 
Marks,  J.  D. 
McNichols,  Frank. 
Ostrander,  Jos. 
O'Connell,  John. 
Pierce,  A.  J. 
Pride,  Edward. 


Peaslee,  Geo.  I. 
Rankin,  Thos.  J. 
Reed,  H.  B. 
Rowell,  Henry. 
Reed,  Edward. 
Slocum,  Thos.  D. 
Smith,  H.  M. 
Smith,  R.  B. 
Smith,  W.  B. 
Stewart,  F.  F. 
Strawn,  C.  C. 
Stratford,  Edgar. 
Umphenour,  Jacob. 
Uuderwood,  W.  H. 
Wallace,  Chas. 
Wells,  D.  L. 
Westcott,  Louis  K. 


Co.  B,  Wenona  Guards.'' 

'  Tfds  Company  is  not  in  Livingston  Countii,  but  it  attached 
tc  the  Tenth  Battalion,  and  is  inserted  here  at  the  request  of 
the  commanding  officers,  who  wished  a  complete  list  of  the  com- 
mand given 

O.  M.  Southwell.  Captain. 
S.  B.  Patch,  First  Lieutenant.  - 
P.  Beckwith,  Second  Lieutenant. 
Samuel  Brown,  First  Sergeant. 
0.  Wingate,  Second  Sergeant. 
Porter  Moore,  Third  Sergeant. 
Georgt*  A.  Wise,  Fourth  Sergeant. 
Thomas  Dixon,  Fifth  Sergeant. 


Chas.  H.  Fowler. 
Joseph  Miller. 
Henrj-  McDermott. 
H.  L.  Taylor. 


G.  C.  Depue. 


Allen,  0.  G. 
Beacher,  R.  F. 
Brennan,  Jas. 
Chambers,  Frank. 
Clifford,  George. 
Decker,  W.  C. 
Dugau,  J.  W. 
Drerrer,  C.  B. 
Dicus,  Geo.  W. 
Gipe,  S.  E. 
Gardner,  E.  C. 
Hamilton,  G.  W. 
Hunt,  W.  H. 


CORPORALS. 

H.  C.  Wise. 
W.  P.  Wixom. 
W.  S.  Wood. 
Brice  Chumbury. 

MUSICIANS. 

M.  Stateter. 


Hoge,  J.  B. 
Hunt,  S.  M. 
Judd,  Thomas. 
Judd,  Ashley. 
Judd,  F.  Lee 
Kemp,  E   M. 
McCuUom,  L.  A. 
McCall,  M. 
Moore,  J.  M.  W. 
Moore,  J.  W. 
McAdam,  G  G. 
McAllister,  W.J. 
Potts,  C.  S. 


Russell,  C.  J 
Ream,  L.  R. 
Stateter,  A.  H. 
Southwell,  Thos 
Taylor,  W.  H. 
Thierry,  F.  F. 
Taylor,  J.  T. 
Thomas,  Jno. 
Walises,  J.N. 
Wise,  A.  W. 
Wilson,  Reubin. 
Work,  J.  P. 
Winter,  H.  A. 


Company  C,  Fairbury  Guards. 

L.  J.  Sacriste,  Csptain. 
J.  M.  Wright,  First  Lieutenant. 
J.  W.  Morris,  Second  Lieutenant. 
John  S.  DeWolf,  First  Sergeant. 
M.  E.  DuBois,  Second  Sergeant. 
J.  H.  Scibird,  Third  Sergeant. 
J.  H.  Garner,  Fourth  Sergeant. 
A.  G.  Patton,  Fifth  Sergeant. 


CORPORALS. 


E.  Brubaker. 
George  Coggswel  1 . 
A.  B.  Chesebrough. 
P.  Marshall. 


.Tospph  Ritchie 
Lyman  Potter. 
.John  F.  Taylor. 
M.  Currigan. 


Allum,  Wm. 
Bennett,  Henry, 
Butler,  Fred. 
Blakesley,  Jas. 
Chesebrough, W.  L. 
Cump.ston,  Chas. 
Carson,  Lud, 
Cuddaback,  W. 
DuBois,  Thomas. 
Daily,  Thomas. 
Elliott,  Geo.  S. 
East,  L.  B. 
Franzin,  G.  H. 
Galbreth,  J.  A. 
Gross,  Benj. 
Gibb,  Walter. 


PRIVATES. 

Gavin,  George. 
Haffy,  J.  B. 
Henshaw,  Benj. 
Johnson,  W.  H. 
Johns,  Elmer. 
Jones,  J.  0. 
Lovell,  Harry. 
McLughlin,  Jas. 
McKernin,  John. 
McClurg,  David  F, 
MoCurdy,  Joel. 
Maxwell,  John. 
McKernin,  Thos. 
Oxli-y,  Samuel. 
Pierson,  Alonzu. 
Robinson,  C.  H. 


Redd,  Geo.  W. 
Sterling,  Milton. 
Sharp,  C.  W. 
Smith,  Wm. 
Thompson,  H.  D. 
Turner,  R.  W. 
Tolbert,  Al. 
Virgin,  Allen. 
Woods,  James. 
Waggoner,  W.  L. 
Wright.  W.  D. 
Woodrufif,  Henry. 
Walker,  A. 
Wilson,  N. 
Yoe,  Joseph. 


Co.  D,  Odell  Guards. 

.1.  F.  Trowbridge,  Captain. 

E.  M.  Vaujjhan,  First  Lieutenant. 

J.  L.  Trowbridge,  Second  Lieutenant 
H.  R.  French,  First  S  Tgeant. 
A.  R.  Hoke,  Second  Sergeant. 

F.  H.  Schornmaker,  Third  Sergeant. 

J.  French,  Jr.,  Fourth  Sergeant.  ♦ 

P.  Borry,  Fifth  Sergeant. 


590 


HISTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY. 


F.  A.  Trowbridge. 
W.  Gebhardt, 
F.  Finefield. 
C.  Borry. 


Ira  W.  Dibble. 


Aerl,  L. 
Angell,  W.  H. 
Brewer,  A.  J. 
Baker,  W.  E. 
Bosworth,  M.  J. 
Blue,  N. 
Benedict,  J. 
Corney,  T.  H. 
Courtney,  J. 
Dibble,  G.  L. 
Davis,  U.  C. 
Fairfield,  H.  M. 
Heath.  F.  M. 


CORPORALS. 

E.  B.  French. 
J.  Corcoran. 
J.  Borry. 
Lewis  Almy. 

MUSICIANS. 

Henry  Trowbridge. 


PRIVATES. 

Hamilton,  F. 
Kennedy,  J.  C. 
Kelt,  F. 
Kidder,  C. 
Jewett,  F. 
Lee,  F.  A. 
Lightholder,  T. 
Murkins,  F.  L. 
McLean,  C.  F. 
McCormick,  B. 
McCormick,  D.  P, 
Miller,  D. 
Massey,  H. 


Moore,  J. 
Murkinp,  J.  L. 
Nagle,  M. 
Ranev,  J. 
Ray,  J.  E. 
Rielly,  A.  D. 
Schornmaker,  F.  C. 
Schultz,  G. 
Stine,  J.  R. 
Thompson,  T. 
Theiss,  J. 
Woodruff,  J.  L. 
Whisner,  A. 


Co.  E,  Parson's  Guards  (Dwight). 

S.  H.  Kenny,  Captain. 
S.  M.  Witt,  First  Lieutenant. 
J.  H.  Lloyd,  Second  Lieutenant. 
Jas.  Kelaher,  First  Sergeant. 
Hans,  Madsen,  Second  .Sergeant. 
G.  W.  Gaghagan,  Third  Sergeant. 
Levi  Wood,  Fourth  Sergeant. 
C.  M.  Mackley,  Fifth  Sergeant. 


Kenny,  John  M. 
Lewis,  Danl. 
Dunlop,  Jas.  M. 
Winters,  I.  G. 


James  Biggs. 


Alyea,  Isaac. 
Blair.  M.  H. 


CORPORALS. 

Lewis,  Frank  L. 
Magee,  Wm.  T. 
Miller,  Alfred. 
Jensen,  0.  H. 

MUSICIANS. 

Herschel  Hagerty. 


PRIVATES. 

Irving,  Andrew. 
Kingman,  Chas. 


Byrus,  John. 
Baker,  John  W. 
Calkins,  R.  D. 
Charitan,  D.  F. 
Chester,  F.  B. 
Cornelson,  John. 
Conefry,  Patrick. 
Duncan,  David. 
Englebert,  Louis. 
Foster,  Samuel  H. 
Gaghagan,  J.  S. 
Gillen,  Smith. 
Goodman,  S.  A. 
Goodman,  J.  S. 


Luther.  Jabez. 
Melhuish,  Henry. 
Morris,  James. 
Morris,  Wm. 
Miller,  Chas. 
Miller,  Egbert. 
Mullen,  Eli. 
McNeill,  Geo. 
Parker,  Henry. 
Perry,  John. 
Rice,  Chas. 
Riling,  Joseph. 
Roe,  Laurence. 


Staley,  Chas.  J. 
Stevens,  A.  R. 
Slyder,  Samuel  L, 
Sherwood,  Wm. 
Thompson,  Henry. 
Thackeray,  Wm. 
Winkler,  Wm. 
Wood,  M.  C. 
Winters,  S.  W. 
Walker,  Thos.  H. 
Walker,  Ralph 
White,  James  N 
Walso,  Chas.  A. 


Schow,  Hans. 
Sims,  Henry  C. 


Fairbury  Zouave  Cadets. 

[Note. — Does  not  belong  to  the  Tenth  Battalion,  but  U  an 
independent  company  of  small  boys  n'ho  are  well  drilled  and 
organized,  and  deserve  record  in  the  military  department  of 
ihis  worlc.] 

J.  H.  Scibird,  Captain. 
Thomas  Baker,  First  Lieutenant. 
Willie  Van  Doom,  Second  Lieutenant. 
Charley  Rettenmayer,  First  Sergeant. 
Harmon  Gillett,  Second  Sergeant. 
Fred  Baker,  Third  Sergeant. 
Frank  Duell,  Fourth  Sergeant. 
Fred  Wright,  Fifth  Sergeant. 


Grant  McDowell. 
George  Decker. 
Clarence  Murdock. 
Eddie  Smith. 


CORPORALS. 

Thos.  Langabeer. 
Henry  Sweet. 
Bruce  Ambury. 
Robby  Mack. 


Adams,  Willie. 
Bartlett,  Harry. 
Baker,  George. 
Burrell,  U.  S. 
Bryant,  Willie. 
Cramer,  Willie. 
Gardner,  Walter. 
Hurdle,  Henry. 
Jones,  Willie. 


PRIVATES. 

Jones,  Jasper. 
Kinnear,  Charley. 
Knight,  Henry. 
McDowell,Charley 
McKiernan,Frank 
McDowell,  John. 
McCurdy,  Dan. 
McLean,  Wilmer. 
McCurdy,  Jacob. 


Morris,  Charley. 
Nichols,  Earl. 
Stafford,  Malcom 
.Scouler,  Tommia. 
Scibird,  Bertie. 
Wright,  Harry 
Wright,  Frank. 
Westervelt,  Emery 


LIVINGSTON     COUNTY 

WAE    HISTORY  AND    EEOORD. 


ADBBRE'S^I^TIONS 


Ai^t Adjutant. 

Art Artillery. 

Col Colonel. 

Capt Captain. 

Corp Corporal. 

Oomsy Commissary. 

comd commissioned. 

car ~.  cavalry. 

captd captured. 

coDsdn consolidation. 

disab disabled. 

died discharged. 


e enlisted 

'    excd exchanged 

'    inf infantry. 

I    kid killed. 

m.  o mustered  out 

'    prmtd promoted 

prisr prisoner 

rect recruit. 

Kegt Regiment 

resd resigned. 

Sergt Sergeant 

I    wd wounded 


ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY- 
NINTH   INFANTRY. 

President  Lincoln  had  issued  his  call  for  three  hundred 
thousand  volunteers,  and  loyal  men,  all  over  the  North, 
were  enlisting  in  the  service  of  their  country.  The  idea 
that  seventy-five  thousand  men  could  crush  the  rebellion 
io  three  months  had  exploded;  and  the  call  of  the  Presi- 
dent met  a  hearty  response  in  Livingston  County.  Pro- 
fessional men,  mechanics  and  farmers  left  their  families 
and  their  business,  and  enrolled  their  names  "  for  three 
years  or  during  the  war."  Company  A  was  raised  in 
Pontiac,  Reading,  Oddl,  Long  Point  and  other  towns; 
Company  B,  in  Dwight  and  vicinity ;  Company  C,  largely 
in  Rook's  Creek,  Nevada,  Odell  and  other  townships; 
Company  E,  in  Fairbury,  and  Company  G,  mainly  in  Pon- 
tiac and  vicinity.  Of  course  it  will  not  be  understood 
that  other  townships  are  excluded  from  the  credit  of  rep- 
resentation in  this  regiment ;  but.  on  account  of  an  un- 
fortunate method  which  prevailed,  of  giving  the  name  of 
the  post  ollice,  instead  of  the  township,  the  actual  resi- 
di-ncc  of  a  large  number  was  not  recorded.  The  balance 
of  the  regiment  was  raised  in  the  counties  of  Scott  and 
Rock  Island.  John  A.  Hoskins,  who  was  subsequently 
promoted  to  the  office  of  Major,  was  elected  Captain  of 
Company  A;  .1.  F.  Culver,  who  afterward,  by  promotion, 
Buccceded  Hoskins  as  Captain,  was  elected  First  Lieuten- 
ant, and  John  W.  Smith,  subsequently  promoted  to  the 
First  Lieutenancy,  was  elected  Second  Lieutenant.  To 
the  last  named  office  C.  C.  Yetter  eventtially  succeeded. 

Company  B  was  officered  as  follows :  Samuel  T.  Walk- 
ley,  Caiitain  ;  George  \V.  Gilcrist,  First  Lieutenant,  and 
Elihu  Chilcott,  Second  Lieutenant.  John  B.  Perry  was 
elected  Captain  of  Company  C ;  Robert  P.  Edgiiigton  was 
chosen  First  Lieutenant,  and  A.  A.  McMurray.  who  on 
the  resignation  of  Perry  was  promoted  to  the  Captaincy, 
was  elected  Second  Lieutenant.  To  the  office  made 
vacant  by  the  promotion  of  McMurray,  S.  H .  Kyle  was 
advanced. 

The  officers  of  Coiujiany  E  were  C.  N.  Baird,  Captain  ; 
John  F.  Blackburn,  First,  and  B.  F.  Fitch,  Second  Lieu- 
tenant. To  the  last  mentioned  office  W.  H.  H.  McDowell 
succeeded,  on  the  resignation  of  Blackburn,  Fitch  being 
promoted  to  the  First  Lieutenancy. 

The  officers  of  Company  G  were  H.  It.  Reed,  Captain  ; 
Lemuel   Morse.   First,  and  John   P.  McKuight,  Second 


Lieutenant,  which  offices  they  respectively  held,  without 
succession,  until  they  were  mustered  out. 

The  regiment  was  organized  September  8,  1862,  with 
George  P.  Smith,  of  Dwight,  as  Colonel;  Henry  Case,  of 
Winchester,  Lieutenant  Colonel ;  A.  J.  Cropsey,  of  Fair- 
bury,  Major;  Philip  D.  Plattenburg,  of  Pontiac,  Adjutant ; 
W.  C.  Gwinn,  Regimental  Quartermaster;  Dr.  Dariu> 
Johnson,  of  Pontiac,  Assistant  Surgeon,  and  subsequently 
promoted  to  Surgeon,  with  Dr.  0.  S.  Wood  as  his  Assistant, 
and  Rev.  Thomas  Cotton,  of  Pontiac,  Chaplain  ;  and  non- 
commissioned officers,  I.  G.  Mott,  of  Pontiac,  Hospital 
Steward,  to  which  office  John  A.  Fellows,  of  Pontiac,  suc- 
ceeded on  Mott'g  death  ;  W.  H.  H.  McDowell,  of  Fairbury, 
Sergeant  Major,  and  George  W.  Quackenbosh,  Quarter- 
master Sergeant. 

The  regiment  remained  in  camp,  at  Pontiac,  until  th'- 
22d  of  September,  when  it  was  ordered  to  Louisville.  Ky., 
where  it  joined  the  Thirty-eighth  Brigade  of  the  Twelfth 
Division,  under  Maj.  Gen.  Gilbert.  On  the  3d  of  October, 
they  were  ordered  forward,  in  pursuit  of  Gen.  Bragg, 
who  was  threatening  Louisville.  His  retreat  led  them  by 
way  of  Frankfort  and  Danville,  to  Crab  Orchard.  On  the 
2Uth  of  October,  the  brigade  having  been  transferred  to 
the  Tenth  Division,  commenced  a  return  march  to  Bowling 
Green,  arriving  at  which  place,  they  remained  until  th<- 
2l8t  of  November,  when  they  were  ordered  to  Mitchell- 
ville,  to  guard  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  In 
this  duty  the  regiment,  being  statiomd  in  detachments  at 
Mitchellville,  Buck's  Lodge,  Fountain  Head  and  South 
Tunnel,  continued  until  June  9,  ISOli,  when  they  were 
ordered  to  Gallatin,  where  they  went  into  camp  and 
remained  until  August  20,  when  they  received  orders  to 
move  forward  to  Nashville.  Here  the  regiment  remained 
for  six  months,  when,  on  the  24th  of  February,  1864,  tents 
were  struck,  and  they  again  took  up  the  line  of  march, 
this  time  to  make  their  way  to  Chattanooga,  to  join  the 
army  under  Gen.  Slierman.  From  this  point  to  Atlanta, 
Ga.,  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  almost  a  continu- 
ous fight  with  the  enemy.  On  the  14th  of  May,  the  regi- 
ment came  in  contact  with  the  rebels  at  Re.saca,  which 
was  a  continual  fight  of  two  days,  endifig  in  the  capture 
of  the  place.  On  thi^  2.'>th,  they  came  upon  the  enemy  at 
Burnt lllickory,  where  a  bloo<ly  battle  was  fought;  and 
from  the  18th  of  June  till  tlie  3d  of  July,  they  were 
engaged  at  Kenesaw  Moiintain  and  Marietta.  On  July 
17th,  they  crossed  the  Chattahoocliio  River,  and  continued 


592 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


their  march  to  Peach  Tree   Creek,  where  they  were  con- 
fronted  by  the  rebels  under  Gon.  Hood,  who  had  super- 
seded Johnson.     After    a    hard    fought    battle,    lasting    • 
through  the  day,  the  rebel  army  fled,  the   Union  army 
pursuing  toward  Atlanta,  which  place  they  reached  on 
the  22d.     After  a  siege  of  six  weeks,  the  rebels  abandoned 
Atlanta,  and  the  Union  army  took  possession.     This  was    \ 
one  of  the  most  important  victories  of  the  war.     On  the    , 
13th  of  November,  the  army  began  to  move  forward,  fur- 
ther into   the  interior  of  the  enemy's  country.    From 
here  until   the   entrance   of  the  army  into   the  city  of    , 
Savannah,  their  progress  was,  in  a  measure,  without  oppo- 
sition, though  the  fatigue  and   privations  to  which  the 
soldiers  were  subjected  were  severe  in  the  extreme.   They    ^ 
reached  the  neighborhood  of  Savannah  on  the  10th  of    ' 
December,  and  entered  the  city  in  triumph,  just  as  the 
last  of  the   enemy   were  retiring.     Their  sore  feet  and    ■ 
tired  limbs  were  permitted  to  rest   here,  until  the  last  of 
January,  1865,  when  they  commenced  the  march  through 
the  Carolinas.     Their  route  now  lay  through   Columbia, 
Fayetteville,  Bentonville  and  Goldsboro  to  Raleigh,  reach-    I 
ing  the   last   named  place  on  the  13th   of  April.     Their 
advance  to  this  place,  with   the  exception  of  the  sharp 
conflict  at  Bentonville,  in  which  the  One  Hundred  and    j 
Twenty -ninth  took  a  prominent  part,  met  with  no  opposi-    ' 
tion  of  importance,  and  the  work  of  the  army  consisted 
mainly  in  destroying  railroads  and  bridges,  and  foraging    ' 
on  the  country.    While  resting  here,  negotiations  were  in 
progress  for  the  surrender  of  the  rebel   armies;  and,  on 
the  30th  of  April,  the  army  was  on   its  way  to  Washing- 
ton, where  it  arrived  without  incident  of  importJince,  on 
the   24th   of  May.    After  a  few  days,  the  One  Hundred 
and  Twenty -ninth  was  mustered  out  of  service,  and,  on 
the   8th  of  June,  took  leave  of  the  city,  and  arrived  at 
Chicago  on  the   11th.     On   the   19th,  the  men   received    ; 
their  discharges  and    final  pay,  and,  at  once,  those  from    ! 
Livingston    County  took  the    train  for  Pontiac,  having 
been  absent  from  their  homes  two  years  and  nine  months. 


C!ol.  George  P.  Smith,  e.  Sept.  8, 1802;  read  May  8,  1863. 
Lieut.  Col.  Andrew  J.  Cropsey,  e.  as  Maj.  Sept.  8,  1862; 

prmtd.  to  Lieut.  Col.  May  8,  1863  ;  resd.  Feb.  27, 1804. 
Maj.  John  A.  Hoskins,  e.  as  Capt.  Co.  A  Sept.  8,  1862; 

prmt<i.  to  Maj.  Feb.  27,  1864 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Adjt.  Philip  D.  Plattenburg,  e.  Sept.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June 

8,  1805. 
Surg.  Darius  .Johnson,  e.  as  First  Asst.  Surg.  Sept.  8, 1862; 

prmtd.  to  Surg.  Jan.  19, 1804;  resd.  April  9, 1865. 
Surg.  Orlando  S.  Wood,  e.  Jan.  27, 1864,  as  1st  Asst.  Surg.; 

prmtd.  May  8  1865,  to  Surg. 
Chaplain  Thomas  Cotton,  e.  Sept.  8,  '62;  resd.  Aug.  6, '64. 

Sergt.  Maj.  Curtis  J.  Judd,  e. ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Com.  Sergt.  John  P.  Lathrop,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  reduced  to 

ranks  Co.  G  Nov.  1,  1803. 
Hosp.  Steward  Isaac  G.  Jlott,  e.  Aug.  9,  1802 ;  died  at  So. 

Tunnel,  Tenn.,  April  12,  1803. 
Hosp.  Steward  Johij  A.  Fellows,  e. ;  m.  o.  June  8. 

1865. 
Principal  Musician  ,lohn  H.  Carroll,  e. ;  drowned 

Aug.  27, 1864. 

Company  A. 

Capt.  Jos.  F.  Culver,  e.  as   First  Lieut.   Sept.   8,   1862; 

prmtd.  to  Capt.  Feb.  27,  1864;  m.  o.  June  8, 1805. 
First  Lieut.  John  W.  Smith,  e.  as  Second  Lieut.  Sept.  8, 

1862;  prmtJ.  to  First  Lieut.  Feb.  27,  1864;  resd.  Sept. 

23,  1864. 
First  Lieut.  Christopher  C.  Tetter,  e.  as  Sergt.  Aug.  2,  '02; 

prmtd.  to  First  Lieut  Sept.  23, 180J ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '05. 
First  Sergt.  Andrew  S.  Bradford,  e.  Aug.  2.  1862;  died  at 

Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  Jan.  2,  1863. 
Sergt.  Earl  H.  Henyon,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802  ;  died  at  Fountain 

Head,  Tenn.,  Jan.  6,  1863. 
Sergt.  James  Little,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862  ;  deserted  Jan.  27,  '63. 
Sergt.  Frank  M.  Steamer,  e.  Aug,  2,  1862;  deserted  Jan. 

27,  1863. 
Corp.  Frank  Long,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862:   private,  trans,  to  Co. 

H,  16th  111.  Inf 
Corp.  Adam  Gamble,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  died  at  Mitchellville 

Tenn.,  Dec.  6,  1862. 
Corp.  Erastus  J.  Nelson,  e.  Aug.  2,1802;  disd.  Oct.  8,  '64, 

as  private;  wounds. 
Corp.  Wm.  H.  Godfrey,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;   m.  o.  June  8,  '65, 

as  First  Sergt. 
Corp.  Jimes  K.  Wesner,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  disd.  April  7, 

1805.  as  Sergt.;  wds. 
Corp.  Henry  V.  Houston,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 :  died  it  Gallatin, 

Tenn.,  Feb.  14, 1863. 


Corp.  Simeon  N.  Henion,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  died  at  Gallatin, 

Terjn.,  Feb.  23,  1863. 
Corp.  John  E.  Hitchcock,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  deserted  Jan 

27,  1863. 
Musician  Jacob  Lautz,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Musician  James  M.  Harber,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862,  m.  o.  June  8 

1865. 
Wagoner  Mark  Wilson,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Allen,  Bartlett,   e.  Aug.  2,  1802 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Allen,  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Byrne,  Francis,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Bronson,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;   disd.   April  10,  1865, 

disab. 
Burton,  Robt.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802;  disd.  Nov.  1,  1863,  disab. 
Cook,  Charles,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1805. 
Cooley,  L.  0.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Conner,  G.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  wd. 
Campbell,  Aaron  J.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  disd.  April  24, 1863, 

disab. 
Chritten,  Jas.  M.,  e.  Aug.,  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Conley,  Jos.  B.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Davis,  G.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  died  of  accidental  wds., 

Madison,  Ga.,  Nov.  17, 1864. 
Davis,  L  N.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865.  as  Corp. 
Delong,  Martin,  e.  Aug.  2,  1*02;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  wd. 
Fisher,  H.  U.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  disd.  March  13, 1803,  disab. 
Farr,  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Gorbit,  F.  A .,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  died  at  Mitchellville,  Tenn., 

Dec.  10,  1862. 
Geller,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;   m.  o.  June  8,  1805,  as 

Corp. 
Groft,Daniel,  e.Aug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Horie,  David,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802 ;  deserted  March  19,  1863. 
Hoag,  Judson,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 

Marcli  18,  1863. 
Horie,  John,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  disd.  April  22, 1863,  disab. 
Houston,  S.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 

Feb  28,1863. 
Houston,  J.  J.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802  :  m.  o.  June  8.  1865. 
Haley,  J.  E.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Huetson,  A.  C,  e.  Aug.  2,1802;  m.o.  June  8, 1865,  as  Corp. 
Hill,  N.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Hughes,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Huetson,  F.  G.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  disd.  March  23, 1865,  wds. 
Hopwood,  B.  G.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862  ;  disd.  Dec.  16, 1862,  disab. 
Higbee,  David,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802 ;  disd.  Jan.  9,  1803,  disab. 
Irvin,  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Jones,  David,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  died  at  Chesterfield  Court 

House,  S.  C,  March  3,  1865. 
Kelley,  W.  S.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  H,  1865. 
Laycock,  Thompson,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802  ;  died  at  Nashville 

"  Jan.  2, 1864. 
Lucas,  J.  B.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  died  at  Bowling  Green,  Ky., 

Jan.  2,  1863. 
Lucas,  Edwin,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Long,  L.N.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Loomis,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Leonard,  C.  C,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Miller,  W.  F.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  Juno  8, 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Morgan,  Chas.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  deserted  Jan.  27,  1863. 
Miller,  John,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
McDermit,  John,  e.  Aug.  2. 1802  ;  ra.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Moran,  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  kid.   at   Marietta,  Ga., 

July  3,  1864. 
McQuown,  Sherman,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  m  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Massey,  Jesse,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  ra.  o.  June  8,  1865,  wd. 
Mason,  C.  M.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  disd.   Dec.  17,  1802,  disab. 
Noyes,  J.  G.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Ong,  I.  C,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Pembleton,  J.  M.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  kid.  at  Averysboro,  N. 

C,  March  16,  1865. 
Peck,  D.  R.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Perry,  W.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Polk,  H.  T.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862  ;  m.  o.  July  1,  1865,  pris.  war. 
Rockwell,  A.  A.,  e.  Aug.  2,   1862 ;  disd.  Nov.  21,  1862, 

disab. 
Keust,  Abraham,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  disd.  March  13, 1865,  as 

Corp.,  disab. 
Rush,  Marion,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  died  at  Bowling  Green, 

Ky.,  Nov.  19,  1862. 
Snyder,  H.  E.,  e.  Aug.  2,1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Sheets,  W.  H.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  wd. 
Scaulan,  Cornelius,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Shallenbarger,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  died  at  Wauhatchie, 

Tenn.,  March  31, 1864. 
Smith,  T.  R.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  absent,  wounded,  at  m.  o. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


593 


Cyphers,  Reason,  e.   Aug.   2,  1862 ;    disd.  Nov.  1,  1862, 

disab. 
Stephens,  Mark,  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865  ;  twice 

wounded.  • 

Sutcliff,  W.,Aug.2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Sheets,  Ale.\.,  e.  Aug.  2,  18(12 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Springer,  Uriah,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  died  at  Bowling  Green, 

Ky.,  Dec.  25, 1862. 
Sutcliff,  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  kid.  at  Kesaca.Cta.,  May 

15,  1864. 
Taylor,  0.  B.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 :  died  at  Fountain   Head, 

Tenn.,  Dec.  30,  1862. 
Thompson,  Benjamin,  e.  -Vug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  .Fune  8,  1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Ullery,  Josephus,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Ullery,  N.  H.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862  ;   m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Vandoreu,  F.  M.,  e.  Aug  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  wd. 
Vaudoren,  Luthor,  e.    Aug.   2,  18lJ2;  drowned   June   10, 

1863,  in  Cumberland  River,  near  Gallatin,  Tenn 
AVood,  Josiah,  o.   Aug.  2,  1862 ;  died  at   Fountain   Head, 

Tenn.,  Jan.  7,  1863. 
Wilson,  T.  J.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Willet,  Joel,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862 ;  disd.  Sept.  4,  1863,  disab. 
AVattB,   Daniel,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
"NVritenour,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
IJrecken ridge,  R.  W.,  e.  Sept.  19,  1802,  rect.;  m.  o.  June 

8,  1865. 

Brown,  W.  I.,  e. ,  rect.;  deserted  Nov.  9,  1862. 

Hill,  W.  C,  e.  Nov.  24,  1863,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  H,  16th 

111.  Inf. 
Peck,  H.  S.,  6.  Jan.  7,  1865,  rect.;   trans,  to  Co.  H,  16th 

III.  Inf. 
Pemberton,  A.  P.,  e.  Sept.  19,  1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  June  8, 

1»65,  W(l. 

Company  B. 

Capt.  Samuel  T.  Walkley,  e.  Sept.  8,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 

1865. 
First  Lieut.  Geo.  W.  Gilcrist,  e.  Sept.  8, 1862  ;  m.  o.  June 

8,  1865. 
Second  Lieut.  Elihu  Chilcott,  e.  Sept.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June 

8.  1865. 
First  Sergt.  Homer  A.  Kenyon,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;  reduced 

to  ranks  at  his  own  request;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Sergt.  Wm.  E.  Swift,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;    disd  Jan.  9,  1863. 
Sergt.  Northrup  R'ggs,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 

1865,  as  First  Sergt. 
Sergt.  Leander  B.  Morgan,  e.  Aug.  10, 1862 ;  disd.  Jan.  29, 

1863,  disab. 
Sergt.  Francis  Angle,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  kid.  at  Taylor's 

Hole  Creek,  N.  C,  March  16,  1865. 
Corp  Peter  Garton,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Wm.  R.  Snyder,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Danl.  W.  Gallup,  e.  Aug.  10,  T862 :    m.  o.  June  8, 

1805,  as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Augustus  Becker,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862;    m.  o.  June  8, 

1805,  as  jirivate. 
Corp.  Saml.  Percels,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862 ;  disd.  for  disability. 
Corp.  John  0.  Collister,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862;  died  at  Fountain 

Head,  Tenn.,  Jan.  8,  1863. 
Austin.  Kufns  H  ,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Bintenburgher,  Ludwig,  e.  Aug.  11.  1862  ;  deserted  Oct. 

6,  1862. 
Brar.denburgher,  Rudolph,  e.   Aug.   15,  1862,  as   Corp.; 

absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Borin,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  10,  1862;     disd.  March  13,  1863, 

disab. 
Broadbent,  Joshua,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  disd.  Feb.  16,  1863, 

disab. 
Bochtler,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Beach,  John  F.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862  ;  deserted  April  24, 1864. 
Butler,  ('has.  F.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862:  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Barry,  JIartin.  e.  Aug.  14, 1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865 
Broughton,  Jas.,  e.   Aug.  14,  1862  ;  died  at  Mitchellville, 

Tenn.,  Dec.  8, 1863. 
Borer,  Fidel,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862 ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Bradbury,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  1 1,  1862  ;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Caldwell,  Wm.  J.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  disd.  March  16,  1863. 
Currier,  Lewis,  e.  Aug.  15, 186i;  ni.o.  June  8,  1865. 
Dick,  Anton,  e.  Aug.  1 1, 1862 ;  disd.  March  19,  18()3,  disab. 
Flaherty,  Thos.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Flynn,  John,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
FuUorton,  John,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  absent,  wd  ,  at  m.  o. 
Fuge,  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  11,  18(52;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Griswold,  David  M.,e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  disd.  April  26,1863, 

disab. 


Gwin,  Chas.  A.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862  ;  Corp.,  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Hoffman,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;    kid.  at  Aliatoona,  Ga., 

June  15,  1864. 
Hand,  Ira  W.,  e   Aug.  12,  18(i2  ;  .disd.  Jan.  23, 1865,  wds. 
Huntley,  A«i!,  e.  Aug.  12   1862;  m   o.  June  8,  1805. 
Judd,  Curtis  J.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862 ;  prmtd.  Sergt.-Maj. 
Ketchnm,  John  L.,  e.  Aug.  10,  1802;  died  at  Chattiinooga, 

June  26,  1864,  wds. 
Kochleim,  Chas.,  e.  Aug  14,1862;  m.  o  June  8,  1865. 
Lower,  Eli  L.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  July  I,  1865,  prisr. 
Legner,  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  1802;    disd   May  9,  1803,  disab. 
Mc Williams,  John, e.  Aug.  10,  1862  ;  prmtd.to  First  Lieut. 

and  R.  Q.  M. 
McFee,  Henry  Lacy,  e.  Aug.  10,  1862;  detached  at  m.  o. 
McGooden,Saml.,e  Aug.  l(t.  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
McDonald,  Jos.  D.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805,  as 

Corp. 
McKinney,  Edwin,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  trans,  to  navy  April 

15,  1864. 
Mehue,  Albert,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Morrison,  David,  e.  Aug.  12,  18()2 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Neilson,  Peter  J.,  e.  Aug.  12,  18(52;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Prait,  Jas.  R.,  e.  Aug  15,  1862 ;    trans,  to  V.  R.  C.  April 

20,  1865. 
Pratt,  Wm.  H.,  e  Aug.  15, 1862  ;  disd.  June 2. 1863,  disab. 
Rawlins,  Thos.  E.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1802;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Reinmiller,  Carl,  e.  Aug.  12,  1802  ;  disd.  Oct.  25,   1864, 

disab. 
Randall,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;    disd.  April  26,  1863, 

disab. 
Randall,  .Terry,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862 ;  died  at  NashTille,  July 

3,  1864,  wds. 

Rogers  John  H.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862 ;  disd.  March  13,  1863, 

disab. 
Kawliiigs.  Chas.  M.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862;  ra.  o.  July  1,   1865, 

prisr.  war. 
Reed,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  13,  1862  ;  m.  o.  July  1,1865,  prisr 

war. 
Randall,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  died  at  Gallatin, Tenn., 

Feb.  21,  18(53. 
Sullivan,  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  1802;  deserted  Sept.  2.5,  1862. 
Stevens,  Eugene  R.,  e.  Aug.  10,  1802;  disd.  Feb  6,1864. 
Schneider,  Ludwig,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862 ;  disd.  March  2,  18(53, 

disab. 
Sadler,  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Schaum,  John  F.,   e.  Aug.  13,1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865, 

as  Corp. 
Smith,  Manning,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Stahl,  .\ugust,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  died  at  Resaca  June  20, 

1864,  wds. 

Sanford,  Israel  J.,  e.  Aug.  16, 1862 ;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Vandtrlmrgh,   Henry,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862,  as  Corp.;  died  at 

Vining  Station,  Ga.,  July  29,  1804,  wds. 
Wilgus,  James,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corj!. 

Company  C. 

Capt.   Albert  A.   McMurray,  e.  Aug  14,  1802,  as  Sergt.; 

prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  Dec.  1,  1862  ;  prnitd.  to  Capt. 

May  11,  1865  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Second' Lieut.   Stephen   H.   Kyle,  e.  Sept.  8, 1862;  died 

Dec.  1,  1862. 
First  Sergt.  Geo.  W.  Yeaglev,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  died  Nov. 

24,  1862. 
Sergt.  Ambrose  S.  Roberts,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 

1865,  as  First  Sergt. 

Sergt.  J.  M   Edeiifield,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  disd  Feb.  15,  '63. 
Sergt.  Delos  Robinson,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Corp.  Chas.  Spencer,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  died  Nov.  25,  1862. 
Corp.  John  S.  Records,  e.  Aug.  7, 1802.  as  private  ;  absent, 

wd.,  at  m  o. 
Corp.  Wm.  H.  Evans,  e.  Aug.  12,  18(52;  m.o.Juno  8,  '65. 
Corp  David  Harbeson,  e.  Aug.  9,  1802;  m.  O.June  8, '65. 
Corp.  John  C.  George,  e.  Aug.  5,  1H02  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Corp.  Wm.  Thomson,  e.  Aug.  o,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Corp.   Elijah   B.   Burnham,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  died  Feb. 

4,  1863. 

Corp.   Peter  P.   Shafer,   e.    Aug.  13,  1862;  disd.  May  23, 

1804.  as  private. 
Argubright,  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  14,  18(>2;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Akurst,  John  T.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Adams,  Oscar  G.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  died  Dec.  9,  1862. 
Akers,  John  W.  C,  e.  Aug.  12,  1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Anderson.  Samuel  S.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Barr,  Benj   F.,  e.  Aug.  12,  ls62 ;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Ctdlins,  Mich.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1«(52,  as  Corp  .died  Nov.  18, '63. 
Carter,  Abner,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Cripliver,  Simon  P.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  disd.  April  9,  1863. 


0 


94 


WAR   HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


C3ottrell,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Gannett,  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
CUambers,  '\\'m.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Dunham.  Alburtus,  e.  Aug.  19,  1862;  died  Jan.  8,  1863. 
Dawson,  John,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  died  Dec.  14,  1862. 
Durflinger,  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Daw,  Lynas  W.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  died  Feb.  15, 1863. 
Dunham,  Ohas.  S.,  e.  Aug.  20, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Edgington,  John,  e.  Aug.  21,  1862  :  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Edgington,  Newton,  e.  Aug  5,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Edgington,  Alvin  D.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  died  Feb.  2, 1863. 
Funk,  John,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Faster,  James,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Finley,  David,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  ni.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Gregory,  Tliomas  J.',  e.  .\ug.  14,  1862;  disd.  March  10, 

1863. 
Good,  Walter,  e.  .\ug.  9, 1862;  disd.  Nov.  10,  1864,  as  First 

Sergt.,  wd. 
Green,  Edwin,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65,  as  Corp. 
Guise,  Clinton,  e.  Aug.  11,  1S62;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Griffin,  John  J.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Green,  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  died  Nov.  17, 1864. 
Gordan,  David,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Hallam,  Wni.  H.,  e.  Aug.  21,  18G2 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Howard,  David,  e.  Aug.  15,  '62,  as  Corp.;  kid.  May  15,  '64. 
Johnson,  Stephen,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  disd.  Feb.  28,  1863. 
Louderback,  Mills,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Lucas,  Reason,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Lawler,  Peter,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862 ;  kid.  May  27,  1864. 
Largents,  Jos.  V.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  died  May  9,  1863. 
Marble,  Albert  D.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 :  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
Massie,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  20,  1862;  died  Dec.  20,  1861. 
McLure,  James,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
McRay,  Orson,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 :  in.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Malone,  Samuel  E.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Malone,  Wm.  S.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  disd.  March  12,  1863,  to 

enlist  in  Miss.  Marine  Brigade. 
Martin,  John,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865.  as  Corp. 
McMillen,  Robt.  B.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  disd.  March  13,  1863. 
Millham,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Morris,   Enos,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;   killed  in  action  July  20, 

1864. 
Mott,  Isaac  G.,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862  ;  entered  by  error  on  mus- 
ter roll,  entered  Co.  K. 
McCaroly.  John,  e.  Aug.  21, 1862;  disd.  April  22,  1863. 
McDonald,  Patrick,  e.  Aug.  30,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Nokes,  Jesse  B.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862 ;  died  July  31,  1863. 
0' Bryan,  Matthew,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Pratt,  Dean  J.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  died  Aug.  31, 1864,  wds. 
Perry,  Daniel  S.,  e.  Aug.  19,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Ruston,  James,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Ragan,  George,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;  disd.  Jan.  19,  1863,  as 

Sergt. 
Recor,  Isaac,  e.  .^ug.  14, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Ross,  Wiley,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Ross,  .Aaron,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862;  ni.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Rush,  John  W.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;  on  muster  roll  by  error, 

entered  Co.  K. 
Springer,  Nathan,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  :  m.  o.  'June  8,  1865. 
Sarvis,  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Swan,  Tillman,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Scott,  James  A.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8.  1865. 
Searce,  John  H.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1862 ;    trans.  V.  R.  C.  July  26, 

1864. 
Spencer,  Orson,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862 ;  disd.  Dec.  5, 1864. 
Sarvis,  George  R.,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862 ;  kid.  in  action  July  20, 

1864. 
Springer,  Rensalier,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Stambaugh,  Daniel,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;  died  June  15,  1864, 

wounds. 
Sclosher,  Elijah,  e.  Aug.  19,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  as 

Corp. 
Thompson.  Hugh,  c.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Sergt.,  wd. 
Winters,  Zephaniah,  e.  Aug.  25,1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.o. 
Whaly,  Geo.  N.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Worthington,  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Jun.-  8,  1865. 
Williams,  Isaac  H.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
\Vliit8on,  Levi  H.,  e.  .Aug.  14.  1862;  disd.  April  18,  1865. 
Whiteside,  John  W.,  e.  Aug.  19,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Whitney,  Franklin  M.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  deserted  Sept.  25, 

1862. 
Carroll,  John  H.,  e.  as  rect.:  prmtd.  to  Fife  Major. 
Funk,  Jas.  R..  e.  Dec.  17.  1863 ;  rect.,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  16th 

111.  Inf. 
Hayes,  James  A.,  e.  Dec.  17,  1863  ;  rect..  trans,  to  Co.  I, 

16th  111.  Inf. 
Haney.  Charles,  e.  Sept.  22, 1862 ;  rect.,  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 


,    Company  E. 

Capt.  Cyrus  N.  Baird,  e.  Sept.  8,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
First  Lieut.  John  F.  Blackburn,  e.  Sept.  8, 1862;  resd.  Feb 

26,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  Benj.  F.  Fitch,  e.  as  Second  Lieut.  Sept.  8 

1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8.  1865. 
Second  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  H.  McDowell,  e.  as  private  Aug.  8, 

1862  ;  prmtd.  to  Sergt.  Maj.;   prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut'. 
Feb.  26,  1863;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

First  Sergt.  Smith  Olney,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  absent  on  fur- 
lough since  Oct.  20,  1864. 
Sergt.  Isaac  Vail,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Sergt.  John  Cumpton,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  died  at  Louisville,. 

Ky.,  Oct.  23,  1862. 
Sergt.  Thomas  Clawson,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  died  at  Gallatin 

Tenn.,  Feb.  4,  1863. 
Sergt.  Otis  S.  Mason,  e.  Aug.  9,  '62  ;  m.  o.  May  25,  '65,  wd. 
Corp.  Bennett  Hall,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  a» 

Sergt. 
Corp.  David  E.  Straight,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  disd.  Oct.  26,  '64, 

for  promotion  in  U.  S.  Col.  Troops. 
Corp.  John  R.  Phillipps,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  died  at  TuUa- 

homa,  Tenn..  March  17,  1864. 
Corp.  Thos.  E.  Shaw,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Corp.  James  Kirby,  e.  Aug.  14, 1862 ;  disd.  March  18, 1865; 

disab. 
Corp.  James  H.  Phillips,  e.  Aug.  7. 1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Corp.  John  A.  Sellman,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
Corp.  Theodore  Hunt,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862  ;  Sergt.,  absent,  sick, 

at  m.  o. 
Austin,  Robert  L.,  e.  Aug. 8, 1862 ;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 

March  16,  1863. 
Acker,  David,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Ayers,  James  T.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  on  detaclied  duty  with 

view  to  promotion  in  tf.  S.  Colored  Troops. 
Baird,  Jesse  W.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Bright,  James  A.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  18(^5. 
Barrack,  Robert  H.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  detached  for  exam- 
ination for  naval  service  since  April  25,  1864. 
Burdick,  James   H,,   e.   Aug,   7,   1862;  died  at  Bowling 

Green,  Ky,,  Dec,  18,  1862, 
Brannan,  James,  c  Aug.  4,  1862;  m,  o,  June  8,  1865, 
Bliss,  Irvin  E,,  e,  .Aug,  14, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Bailey,  James  C,  e.  Aug  7,  1862 ;  Corp.;  died  at  Gallatin, 

Tenn,,  May  1,  1863, 
BuUman,  Horatio  S,,  e,  Aug.  7, 1862;  Corp.;  kld.atPeacb 

Tree  Creek,  Ga,,  July  20, 1864. 
Banta,  George,  e,  Aug,  9,  1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m,  o. 
Coon,  Charles  H.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1862;  wd.  May  27,  1864, 
Crabb,  Charles,  e,  Aug.  8,  1862;  disd,  Nov,  15,  1862;  disab. 
Crull,  James  L.,  e,  Aug,  7, 1862;  disd,  Nov.  25, 1862;  diaab. 
Conn,  James,  e,  Aug,  14,  1862 ;  m,  o.  June  8,  I860. 
Crabb,  Benjamin  F.,  e.  Aug.  12,1862;  m,  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Cannon,  Turner  H,,  e,  Aug,  7,  1862;  m,  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Champlin,  Lewis  C,  e.  Aug,  7, 1862  ;  Corp,;  absent,  witU 

leave,  at  m,  o. 
Cables,  Stephen  A.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865, 
Curtis,  .John.  e.  Aug.  11,  1862 ;  deserted  Dec,  30,  1862, 
Caritoo.  John  F„  e  .Aug.  8,  1862;  m.o.  June  8,  1865. 
Drew.  Thomas,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  detached  at  m,  o. 
Darnall,  IJicholas  H.,  e.  Aug.  10,  1862  ;  disd.  March  30 

1863  ;  disab, 

Darnall.  John  M.,  e.  .Aug,  10,  1862  ;  Corp,;  died  at  South 

Tunnel,  Tenn..  March  10,  1863, 
Desmond,  William  F,,  e,  Aug,  12,  1862;  kid.  on  picket 

duty  July  11,  1864, 
Eanihart,  John  F.,  e.  Aug.  28,  1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Earnhart,  Junes  F.,  e,  Aug,  7,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Englert.  Uriah  S.,  e  Aug.  7,  1862  ;  m,  o,  June  8,  1865. 
Englert,  Hiram  W.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  disd,  March  16, '63; 

disab, 
Edwards,  William,  e,  Aug.  7,  1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Fitzgerald,  Elhanan,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  deserted  Dec.  30,  '62. 
Fitzgerald,  James  E,,  e,  Aug,  13, 1862 ;  disd.  Dec.  29,  '62 ; 

disab. 
Gilman,  Edwin  M..  e.  Aug.  6.  1862;  m,  o,  June  8, 1865,  as 

Corp, 
Harrison,Preston,  e.  Aug,  7,  1862;  m.  o,  June  8. 1865, 
Hildreth,  Joshua  T,,  e,  .Aug.  10,  '62  ;  absent, sick,  at  m.o. 
Hinkle,  Charles  D,,  e,  Aug,  15,  1862;  m,  o,  June  8,  1865, 
Haynes,  Albert  M,,  .•,  Aug,  7,  1862;  m,  o.  June  8,  1865. 
John,  Lockwood,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 

Feb.  9,  1863. 
Jorndt.  Aug,,  e.  Aug,  8,  1862 ;  m,  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Knight,   Robert,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862,   Corp.;  absent,  with 

leave,  at  m.  o. 
Law.  John,  e,  Aug.  28,  1862  ;  m,  o.  June  8, 1865, 
McDowell,  Franklin  E.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  '65. 
McClain,  Daniel,  e.  Aug,  6,  1862  ;  m,o.  June  8,  1865. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


595 


Maston,  Merrill  S.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Maston,  Harvev,  e.  Aug,  7,  1862;  died  at  Gallatin.  Teun., 

Feb.  12,  1863. 
Moere,  George  W.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Morris,  Ulich,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862 ;  ni.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Moore,  Wm.  F.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 

May  12,  1863. 
Markle.  Abe.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Newton,  George  A.,  c  Aug.  12, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Patton,  David  A.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;   disd.  June  24,  1865; 

wounds. 
Phillips,  Wm.  G.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Priest,  Wm.  J.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Keed,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1862;  m.  o.  Juno  8, 1865. 
Reed,  Wm.  K.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  disd.  April  6,  1865,  wds. 
Rilea,  Josh  D.,  e.  Aug.  8, 18G2  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  as  Corp. 
Smith,  John  T.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Shaw,  Amos,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  16, 1865,  wd. 
Straight,  Leander  L.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  kid.  at  Resaca,  Ga., 

May  15,  1864. 
Stoddard,  Simeon  A.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  kid.  at  Peach  Tree 

Creek,  Ga.,  July  20,  1804. 
Stafford,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Juno  8,  1865. 
Sage,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  30,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Tanner,  Boyd  P.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862 ;  died  at  Fountain  Mead, 

Tenn.,  Jan.  18,  1863. 
Tanner,  Robt.,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Thomas,  Chester  G.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Thomas.  John  R.,  e.  Aug.  11, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Titus,  Elisha  B.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862 ;  disd.  to  accept  commis- 
sion June  2,  1864. 
Vail,  Hubbard  F.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;    disd.  June  11,  1863, 

disab. 
Wells,  Hejiry,  e.  Aug.  0,  1862 ;  disd.  March  19,  1863,  disab. 
Wince,  Philip,  e.  Aug.  19,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Wheeler.  Manly  A.,  e.  Aug.  6,1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Hashman,  John  F.,  e.  Jan.  18,  1865,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  G, 

16th  111.  Inf. 
Irvin,  Jesse,  e.  Feb.  25,  1863,  rect.;  kid.  at  Atlanta,  Ga., 

Aus.  13, 1864. 
Tracy,  Levi  C,  e,  Nov.  U,  1863,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  16th 

111.  Inf. 
Barger.  Nathaniel,  e.  Sept.  29,  1864,  sub.;  assigned  to  Co. 

E,  45th  111.  Inf. 
Edwards,  John,  e.  Sept.  25,  1864,  sub.;  assigned  to  Co.  H, 

45th  111.  Inf. 
Francis,  .Tos.,  e.  Sept.  29, 1864,  sub.;  assigned  to  Co.  D,  45th 

111.  Inf. 

Company  C. 

Capt.  Henry  B.  Reed,  e.  Sept.  8,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
First  Lieut.  Lemuel  Morse,  e.  Sept.  8,  1802 ;   m.  o.  June 

8, 1865. 
Sergt.  Aug.  F.  Fisher,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865, 

as  private. 
Sergt.  H.  C.  Streetor,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Sergt.  Richard  D.  Folks,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;    m.  o.  June  8, 

1865,  as  First  Sergt. 
Sergt.  John  P.  Lathrop,  o.  Aug.  5,  1802 ;  furloughed  by 

War  Dept.  Dec.  1,  1863. 
Corp.  John  A.  Fellows,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  prmtd.  to  Hosp. 

Steward. 
€orp.  Jas.  E.  Morrow,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Wm.  B.  Fife,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

private. 
Corp.  Thos.  Catton,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862 ;  mustered  in  Co.  K, 

wrongly  entered  as  mustered  in  Co.  G. 
Corp.  Douglass  Lyon,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  absent  on  duty  in 

Pioneer  Corps. 
Corp.  Jas.  H.  Goff,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Sergt. 
Corp.  Geo.  H.   Blakeslee,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  disd.  Feb.  1, 

1863,  disab. 
Allen,  Geo.  C,  e,  Aug.  5,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Allen,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Anderson,  Sam'l ,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  trans,  to  V.  B.  C,  Oct. 

7,  186-1. 
Alden,  Asa  N.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862 ;  absent,  sick  at  m.  o. 
Boxwell,  Henry  J.,  e.  Aug.  .5,  1862;   died  at  Gallatin, 

Tenn.,  March  3,  1803. 
Bodley,  David,  e.  Aug.  0,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Barstow,  P.  M.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  disd.  Jan.  21,  1882,  disab. 
Bemerick,  John,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862  ;    kid.,  accidental  shot, 

at  Buck's  Lodge,  Tenn.,  April  8,  1863. 
Bay,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;  Corp.,  absent,  sick  at  m.  o. 
Bastion,  Jas.  E.,  e.  .\ug.  4,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Blake,  Daniel  W.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  Juno  8, 1865. 


Converse,  Daniel  B.,  c.  Aug.  5, 1862 ;  died  at  Chattanooga, 

Sept.  4,  wds. 
Clark,  .Xmos,  e.  Aug.  0,  1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Campbell,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  0,  1862;  m.  o.  Juno  .8,  1865. 
Conn,  Isaiah,  «.  Aug.  12,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865,  as  Corp. 
Crark,  Alvah   G.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  May  24,  1865, 

absent. 
Converse,  Orlin,  e.  Aug.  5,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Sergt. 
Cornwell,  Jas.  H.,  e.  Aug.   5,  1862  ;     died  at   Gallatin, 

Tenn.,  Feb.  21,  1803. 
Craycraft,   Jos.    N.,  e.  Aug.  2,   1862 ;     died  at   Bowling 

Green,  Ky.,  Dec.  27,  1803. 
Craycraft,  Samuel  I.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  disd.  March  1,  186;?, 

disab. 
Dell,  Levi,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Dudley,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;   m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Dunlap,  Samuel,  e.  Aug.  2. 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Earp,  Ephr.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  disd.  Feb.  20,  18—,  disab. 
Freeman,  .Jas.  W.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Frazee,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  22,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Gould,  Clifford  A.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Hannah,  David,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Houchins,  Wm.  R.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;    died  at  Bowling 

Green,  Ky.,  Dec.  17,  1862. 
Houchins,  Henrj',  e.  -Vug.  13, 1862  ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Hamilton,  John  F.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1802 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Hanley,  John  T.,  e.  .Vug.  5,  1802  ;   absent,  sick,  at  m  o. 
Helms,  Jonathan   B.,  o.  Aug.  5,  1862  ;    deserted  April  — , 

1864. 
Handor,   Daniel,  e.  Aug.  5,   1862 ;    kid.  at  Peach   Tree 

Creek,  Ga.,  July  20,  1864. 
Harper,  John  A.,  e.  .\.ug.  5,  1862 ;    m.  o.  July  1, 1865,  as 

Corp  ;  prisoner  of  war. 
Hays,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  7,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
Henes,  Stephen,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
■    Harper,  John  G.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;    disd.  Feb.  20,  , 

disab. 
I    Hood,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  6,  1802;    on  duty  as  Acting  Hosp. 
;  Steward;  m.  o.  June  20,  1865,  as  Corp. 

{    Hoobler,  Franklin,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;    kid.  by  accidental 
I  gunshot  at  Buck's  Lodge,  Tenn.,  April  8,  1863. 

Johnson,  Jas.  S.,  e.  .Vug.  12, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Jenkins,  Clarkson  D.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;    deserted  Nov.  7, 

1862. 
Jewett,  Ralph  P..  e.  Aug.  9, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8.  1865. 
Jewett,  James  E.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;   m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Kingford.  Robert,  e.  Aug.  5,  1802;  disd.  Sept.  9, 1864. 
Lee,  John  S.,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Laurence,  Reuben  E.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;    absent  for  e.\am. 

to  enter  naval  service. 
Leonard,Franklin,e.  Aug.9, 1862;  died  at  Gallatin,  Ten  n. 

April  17,  1863. 
Mclntire,  Robert,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;    absent  for  exam,  to 

enter  naval  service. 
Mclntire,  Chas.,  e.  .\ug.  5,  1862 ;    absent  for  exam,  to 

enter  naval  service. 
McCIoud,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Murphy,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.,  9, 1862  ;  deserted  Nov.  3,.  1862. 
Myers,  Jos.  E.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1862 ;  Corp.;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Marble,  Milo  P.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1802  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1805. 
McKee,  Samuel  W.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;  disd.  March  13, 1863, 

disab. 
Oleson,  Oley,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Pearson,  Christopher,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Parker,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862  ;  died  at  Bowling  Green, 

Ky.,  Dec.  15,  1862. 
Penfield,  Francis,  e.  Aug.  4,  1862  ;    kid.  at  Peach  Tree 

Creek,  Ga.,  July  20,  1864. 
Perry,  Wm.  H.  H.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;  absent,  wd.,  at  m.  o. 
Pound,  Joseph  J.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Pound,  Hugh  T.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Page,  Charles  N.  P.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862;   m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Pierson,  Martin,  e.  Aug.  2, 1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Perry,  Ebenezer,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862 ;    trans,  to  V.  B.  0.  Nov. 

22,  1864. 
Ruter,  Matthais,  e.  Aug.  5,  1862 ;    m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Rockwell,  Eugene  B.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1862  ;    on  furlough  since 

July  10,  1803. 
Rightsell,  Wm.  H.,e.  Aug.  1, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Sample,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  2,  1802;  disd.  April  7,  1863. 
Schlax,  John  P.,  e.  Aug.  0,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8, 1865. 
Stewart,  .\ndr«w,  e.  Aug.  9,  1802;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Sexton,  Alonzo  D.,  e.  Aug.  3,  1862;   disd.  Dec.  2,  1862, 

disab. 
St.  John,  Wm.  J.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Snell,  Arphad,  e.  Aug.  5, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 
Smith.  Levi  W.,  e.  Aug.  6, 1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1866. 


596 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


Sillman,  Thoa.  M.,  e.  Aug.  6.  1862 ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Stewart,  J«s.,  e.  Aug.  22, 1862;    missing,  supposed  to  be 

prisoner  of  war. 
Wycoff,  T.  R.,  e.  Aug.  26, 1862  ;  detached  at  m.  o. 
Whalfy,  C.  D.,  e.  Aug.  22. 1862;  m  o.  June  8,  1865. 
York,  P.  H.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,1865 
Penfield.  Artemus,  e.  Nov.  27, 1863;  trans,  to  Co.  F,  16th 

Sample,  Alfred,  e.  Nov.  24,  1863;  disd.  Dec.  16,  1864,  wds. 
Weatherwax,  Henry,  e.   Feb.  18,  1864;  trans,  to  Co.  F, 
Iflth  III.  Inf. 

Company  K. 

Allen,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  wrongly  entered  ;  was  mus- 
tered in  Co.  G.  TO  -,o<?f: 

Coffman,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,1865,  as 
Sergt. 

Chains,  H.  G.,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Cullen,  Richard,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Cotton,  Thos.,  e.  Aug.  15.  1862;  prmtd.  Chaplain. 

Dudley,  Wm,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  wrongly  entered;  was 
mustered  in  Co.  G. 

Donivan,  Ulich,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  deserted  Dec.  20.  1862. 

Flannegan,  Tbos.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Gasmick,  J.  G.,e.  Aug.  15, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865,  as 
Sergt.  . 

Gibson   Thos.,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 

Hallam,  J.  C,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  wrongly  entered  ;  mus- 
tered in  Co.  G. 

Hood,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862 ;  wrongly  entered ;  mus- 
tered in  Co.  G. 

Jenks,  Wm..  e.  Aug.  15, 1862;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Myers,  Emmet,  or  Emil,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  absent,  sick,  at 

m.  o.  „  J 

Mott,  I.  G.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  prmtd.  Hospital  Steward. 

Mclntire,  R.  M.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862 ;  wrongly  entered  ;  was 
mustered  in  Co.  G. 

Myers,  Chas.,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Plattenburg,  P.  D.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  prmtd.  to  First 
Lieut,  and  Adjt. 

Rush,  J.  W.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  disd.  May  16,  1865,  Wag- 
oner, disab. 

Stopher,  Jas.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  8,  1865. 

Sanford,  Lewis,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862  ;  died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 
April  9,  1863. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Remington,  George,  e.  Feb.  24,  1864. 

Small,  Peter,  e.  Feb.  4,  1865  ;  m.  o.  May  21,  1865. 

Taylor,  Lawrence  E.,  e.  Jan.  9, 1865. 


TWENTIETH  INFANTRY. 

The  Twentieth  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry  was  or- 
ganized at  Joliet,  111,,  May  14,  1861.  Mustered  into  the 
United  States  service,  for  three  years,  June  13,  1861,  by 
Capt.  T.  G.  Pitcher,  U.  S.  A.  Left  Joliet,  June  18,  by 
order  of  Gov.  Yates,  and  proceeded  to  Alton,  111.  July  6, 
moved  to  St.  Louis  Arsenal.  10th,  moved  to  Cape  Girar- 
deau. 12lh,  Bird's  Point.  October  17th,  Cape  Girardeau ; 
19th,  Frcdericktown ;  and,  on  the  20th,  had  an  engage- 
ment with  the  enemy  under  Jett.Thon  pson.  Victorious. 
January  14,  1862,  accompanied  Gen.  Grant  on  reconnois- 
sance  in  Kentucky,  toward  Columbus;  20th,  returned  to 
Bird's  P..int.  February  2,  moved  to  Fort  Henry.  4th, 
occupied  Fort,  llth,  arrived  before  Fort  Donelson.  Was 
engaged  in  the  three  days'  battle.  Arrived  at  Pittsburg 
Landing,  March  24.  Was  engaged  in  buttle  of  Shiloh, 
April  6th  and  7th.  Left  position  before  Corinth,  June  3d, 
arriving  at  Jackion,  8tb.  Weut  to  Ostenaula,  Aug.  14. 
Fought  battle  of  Britton's  Lane,  September  Ist.  Returned 
to  Jackson,  4th.  Left  Jackson,  Novembe'-  8th.  Arrived 
at  La  Grange,  nth.  Left,  Nov.  27.  Arrived  at  Holly 
Springs,  30th.  Left  Holly  Springs,  December  Ist.  Crossed 
Tallahatchie  River,  3d,  and  arrived  at  Oxford.  Returned 
to  Tallahatchie  River,  24th  December,  1862. 

Mustered  out  July  16, 1865,  at  Louisville,  Ky.     Arrived 
at  Chicago,  July  19, 1865,  for  final  payment  and  discharge. 


Company  A. 

Walker,  Henry  A.,  e.  Jan.  12, 1865;  m.  o.  July  16, 1865. 

Company  C. 

Burns,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Sept.  22.  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  16,  '65. 
Bangs,  E.  A.,  e.  Sept.  22, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  June  5, 1865. 


Connpany  D. 

Capt.  Chas.  L.  Page,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  prmtd.  to  Sergt. 
Major,  then  to  Capt.  Jan.  17,  1862;  kid.  in  battle  of 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  22,  1864. 
Capt.  Frederick  Shearer,  e.  as  Sergt.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e. 
as  vet.  Dec.  13,  1863;  prmtd.  to  Capt.  June  26, 1865; 
m.  o.  as  First  Sergt.  July  16, 1865. 
First  Lieut.   Jo^hua   Whitmore,   e.  April  22, 1861 ;  resd. 

March  28,  lJ-62. 
First  Lieut.  George  McFadden,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  prmtd. 

to  First  Lieut.  May  3,  1863 ;  resd.  July  1.  1864. 
First  Lieut.  James  McCabe,  e.  June  13,  1861  ;  re  e.  as  vet. 
Jan.  5)  1864;   prmtd.  to  First  Lieut.  June  26,  1865; 
m.  o.  as  Sergt.  July  16,  1865. 
Second  Lieut.  Henry  B.  Reed,  e.  as  Sergt.  June  13,  1861 ; 
prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  Jan.  17,  1862  ;  resd.  .lune 
20, 1862. 
First  Sergt.  Charles  W.  Clark,  e.  Juno  13, 1861 ;  disd.  June 

13,  1864. 
Sergt.  Albert  S.  Jones,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd,  Nov,  28,  '61. 
Sergt.  Warren  Robinson,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  June  13, 

1864. 
Corp.  Pleasant  Zeph,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  died  at  Pontiac, 

111.,  March  4,  1862. 
Corp.  Jacob  Gilmore,  e.  June  12,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  disd.  Apiil  10,  1865,  disab. 
Corp.  Anthony  Knight,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  supposed  kid.  at 

Shiloh  April  7,  1862. 
Corp.  James  G.  Lord,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  kid.  at  Raymond, 

Miss  ,  May  12,  1863. 
Corp.  Theo.  Hiegins,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  June  13,  '64. 
Corp.  Thomas  Kelly,  p.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  at  La  Grange, 

Tenn.,  May  12,  1863. 
Corp.  H.  McArthur,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  at  Avoca,  111., 

March  4,  1862. 
Musician  Esam  A.  Johnson,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  prmtd.  to 

Prin.  Musician  ;  disd.  Nov.  — ,  1861. 
Musician  John  R.  Garner,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  Feb.  14, 

1863,  for  prom. 
Wagoner  John  Mossholder,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  at  Pon- 
tiac. III.,  Dec.  4,  1861. 
Boyles,  Wilson,  e.  Juno  13,  1861 ;  re-e.as  vet.  Jan. 5, 1864; 

m.  o.  July  16,  1805. 
Bousch,  Lawrence,  e,  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  16, 

1863;  m.  o.  July  16,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Brownson,  Urban  A.,  e.  June  13,  '61 ;  died  April  6,  '62.  wds. 
Bonard,  Jos.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  19, 1863; 

m.  o.  July  16,  1865. 
Clark,  John  N.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  March  4, 1862,  wds. 
Crosby,  Daniel  W.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  deserted  Nov.  10,  '61, 
Danii,  Henry,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864  ; 

kid.  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  22,  1864. 
Evans,  Richard,  Jr.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  at  Pontiac,  III., 

Feb.  15,  1862. 
Egan,  Wm.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  died  Feb.  17, 1862,  wds. 
Fowler,  George  J  ,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  o  July  16,  1865. 
Fortner,  Jas.  N.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  Dec.  2.  '62,  disab. 
Foster,  Chris.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864; 

m.  o.  July  16, 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Freeman,  Geo.  J.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  died  at  Bird's  Point 

Jan.  13,  1862. 
Garner,  Geo.  D.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  June  13, 1864. 
Goodwin,  George  M.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  Oct.  16. 1862, 

disab.  T       c  10CJ 

Garner,  Alva,  e.  June  13,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 18b*; 

m.  o.  July  16,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Gates,  William,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  June  13, 1864 
Hanley,  Summerfield,  e!  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  June  13,  64. 
Hunt,  Loveioy,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  June  13,  1864. 
Haves  Henry,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  Oct.  3, 1862,  disab. 
Higbshoe,  Jacob,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  kid.  at  Fort  Donelson 

Feb.  15,  1862.  .     .„    „ 

Howell,  Wm.  B.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  at  Louisville  May 

Hammers,  Wm.  B.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  June  13, 1864. 
Harhaugh,  George  C,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  O.July  16,  1865,  as  Corp, 
Herbert,  Benedict,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  O.July  16,  1865.  .  i  laiu 

Krise,  Frederick,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  deserted  Sept,  1,1864. 
Lacalf,Nich.,e.  June  13,   1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  March  17, 

1864;  m.  O.July  16, 1865.  ,^„^       , 

Lentz  F;ed.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  died  Feb.  16, 1862,  wd. 
Malone,  Frank  M.,  e.  June  13,  1861. 
Milan,  Lindsay  W.,  c.  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  lb, 

1863;  died  Aug.,  1864,  wds.  „.  chiloh 

Murteugh,   Michael,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;    kid.   at  Shiloh 
,      April  6,  1862. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


597 


Miller,  Wm.  H.,  No.  1,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 

4,  18«4;  m.  o.  July  IG,  18(15. 
Morris.  Elijah  J.,  e.  June  13,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  o  July  16,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Milligan.  C'has.  W.,e.  June  13,1861 ;  disd.  March  31, , 

disxh. 
Machpn,  Levi,  W.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5. 

1864 ;  prmtd.  Corp. 
Moore,  Cornelius,  e.  June  1.3,   1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  4, 

1864  ;  ni.  o.  July  16,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Miller,  Wm.  H.  No.  2,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  ni.o.  July  16, 1865. 
Potter,  Joel  A.,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  died  at  Cape  Girardeau, 

July  26,  1861. 
Robinson,  Marion,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  aa  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  July  13,  1865. 
Koach,  John,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  disd.  Dec.  15, 1861,  disab. 
Robinson,  .John  C,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  June  13,  1864. 
Sheedy,  Michael,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  disd.  June  13,  1864. 
Shanbecker,  Henry,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;    deserted  June  2, 

1862. 
Smith,  Daniel  A.,  e.  .Tune  13,  1861 ;  disd.  Oct.  27,  1862. 
Smith,  Robert  J.,  e.  June  13,  1861;    disd.  Nov.  28,  1861, 

dihab. 
Titus,  IJenj.  F.,  e.  June  13,  1861  ;  disd.  June  13, 1864. 
Titus.  Henry,  e.  June  13,  1861  ;  disd.  Nov.  28,  1861,  disab. 
Taylor,  Wm.  H.,  e.  June  13,  1861  ;  dif d.  June  6, 1862,  disab. 
Tuckerrnan,  Hume,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  o.  July  16,  1865. 
UUery,  Jacob  A.,  e.  June  13,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864 ;  kid.  at  Atlanta.  Ga.,  July  21. 1864. 
UUery,  David  E.,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  m.  o.  July  13,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Williams,  James,  e.  June  la,  1861 ;  deserted  Dec.  17, 1861. 
Walden,  Wm.  D.,  e.   June  13,  1861  ;  disd.  June  20,  1862, 

disab. 
Williams,  Charles,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5. 

1864;  m.o.  July  16,  1865. 
Deadrich.  Angustug,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  vet.;  m.o.  July  16 

1865. 
Foster,  Christian,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864,  vet. ;  m.  o.  July  16, 1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Smith,  Franklin,  e.  Jan.  .5,  1864,  vot.  ;  m.  o.  July  13,1865. 
Thompson,  Lewis,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  July  13, 1865, 

as  I'orp. 
Tubbs,  Reuben,  e.  Jan.  4, 1864,  vet. ;  m.  o.  July  16,  1865. 
Young,  Peter  H.,  e  Jan.  5, 1864,  vet. ;  m.  o.  July  16, 1865. 
Duflinger,  Jas.,  e.  June  18,  1861,  rect. ;  died  ai  Pontiac, 

111.,  Dec.  16,  1861. 
Herbert,  John,  e.  April  22, 1861,  rect. ;  disd.  May  9, 1862, 

wd. 
Hartley,  John  e.  Dec.  5. 1861,  rect. ;  deserted  Feb.  22,1863. 
Hendershot,  Philip,  e.  March  1,  1865,  rect;  m.  o.  July  16, 

1865. 
Miller,  Daniel,  e.  April  22, 1861,  rect. ;  died  at  Cincinnati 

May  21, 1862. 
Malone,  Joseph,  e.  June  1 8, 1861, rect. ;  disd.  June  13,1864. 
McCoy,  Ja".,  e.  Dec.  5,  1861,  rect.;  disd.  for  disab. 
Shobert,  John,  e.  Dec.  17,  1863,  rect. ;  m.  o.  July  19,1865. 
Myers.  Wm.  W.,  e.  rect.;    re-e.  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864;   m.o. 

Ju  y  16,  1865. 
Umphenour,  Frank,  e.  March   29,  1864,   rect.;    deserted 

May  5, 1866. 

Company  I. 

Sergt.  Jason  B.  Ward,  e.  June  13, 1861 ;  deserted  Aug.  8, 

1862. 
Corpe,  Danl.  S.,  e .  June  13, 1861 ;  re-e.  vet.  Jan.  5, 1864. 
Collister,  Henry  A.,  e.  June  13,  1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  5, 

1864;  kid.  in  action  July  22, 1864. 
Davis,  Nathan  W.,  e.,  June  13,1861;  re-e.  vet.  Dec.  16, 

1863;  m.  o.  July  16,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Shafer,  Henry,  e.  June  13,  1861 ;  re-e.  vet.  Jan.  5,  1864; 

died  at  Big  Black,  Miss..  Jan.,  1864. 
Terwilliger,  Jame-s  H.,  c.  June  13, 1861 ;  m.o.  June  14, 1864. 
PlaUh,  G<o.  P.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  July  16,  1865. 
Miller,  Harrison,    e.  June  13,  1861;   kid,  at  Raymond, 

Miss.,  May  12, 1863. 


THIRTY-NINTH  INFANTRY, 

YATES  PHALANX. 

We  mustere  1  into  U.  S.  service,  Oct.  13,  1861,  and 
moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.  October  29th,  leceived  orders 
to  move  to  Williiimsport,  Md.,  where  it  was  fully  armed 
and  equipped.  The  following  are  the  most  imporlant 
events  in  the  history  of  this  cclcbr»ted  regiment:  Held 
a  force  of  10,000  rebels  under  command  of  Stonewall 


Jackson,  for  twenty-four  hours.  Participated  in  battle 
of  Winchester.  Four  companies,  under  Major  S.  W. 
Munn,  captured  thirty  prisoners  at  Colunibia  Bridge. 
Was  in  Gen.  McClellan's  seven  days'  figlit.  Was  at 
Suffolk.  Va.,  September,  October  and  Nov.mber,  fortify- 
ing the  place  and  nuiking  frcciuent  raids,  ciipturirig,  on 
one  occasion,  two  cannon  and  forty  prisoners.  Jan.  5, 
186.3,  broke  camp  and  marched  to  Chowan  River,  where 
it  took  tran.sports  and  reported  to  Gen.  Foster,  at  New- 
burn,  N.  C.  Here  its  Colonel,  T.  0.  Osborn,  took  com- 
mand of  the  Brigade.  Moved  on  expedition  to  Hilton 
Head.  Was  in  Gen.  Hunter's  e.\])edition  agiiinst  Charles- 
ton. At  Morris  Island,  was  assigned  to  Gen.  Terry's  ex- 
pedition, and  participated  in  c;ipture  of  Fort  WMgner. 
AVas  first  in  the  fort.  Left  Hilton  Head  on  veteran  fur- 
lough, Jan.  1, 1864,  via  New  York.  Returned  750  strong, 
and  was  on  Butler's  expedition  up  .James  River,  the 
entire  loss  being  nearly  2(iO.  At  Wier's  Bottom  Church, 
May  20th,  the  Thirty-ninth  was  ordered  to  dislodge  the 
enemy,  which  it  did  most  gallmtly,  losing  forty,  but 
capturing  many  jirisoners,  including  Gen.  Walker.  On 
Kith  of  May,  had  an  engagement  with  Longstreet's  com- 
mand, losing  seme  thirty-five.  August  14lh,  crossed 
James  River  and  operated  with  .\rniy  of  the  James.  On 
Aug.  15th,  the  regiment  lost  104  men,  among  them 
several  valuiible  officers.  Oct.  Kith,  in  a  charge,  the 
Thirty-ninth  lost  sixty  out  of  2.')0  engaged.  March  27th, 
about  100  recruits  joined.  Took  part  in  movements  that 
resulted  in  capture  of  Petersburg  and  Richmond.  [n 
engagement  at  Fort  Gregg,  which  was  mostly  hand  to 
hand,  the  loss  was  sixthfiife  out  of  150  engaged.  For 
this  gallantry  Gen.  Gibbon,  their  commanding  General, 
had  a  niagifieent  brazen  eagle  cast  and  presented  to  the 
regiment.  After  various  manoeuvers  and  surrender  of 
Lee,  the  Thirth-ninth  «as  mustered  out  at  Norf  Ik,  Va., 
and  received  linal  pay  and  discharge  at  Springfield,  111., 
Dec.  15,  1865. 


Principal  Musician  Henry  T.  Jones,  e.  Sept.  21,  1861,  as 
musician;  prmtd.  Sept.  21,1861.  to  principal  musi- 
cian ;  disd.  June  3,  1862,  disab. 

Principal  Musician  Philip  M.  Lace,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  as 
rect.:  prmtd.  to  principal  musician  ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6, 
1805; 

Musician  B.  W'.  Fisher,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861,  as  rect;  trans,  to 
reg.  band  ;  m.  o  June  4,  1862. 

Musician  \.  Schemmerhorn,  e. ;  va.  o.  June  4, 1862. 

Musician  C.  E.  Smith,  e  Oct.  5, 1861 ;    m.  o.  June  4,  1862. 

Musician  Geo.  0.  Cutler,  e.  Aug.  28,  1861,  as  private; 
trans,  to  reg.  band ;  m.  o.  June  4,  1862. 

Company  C. 

Capt.  John  Gray.e.  Aug.  12,  1861;  res.  May  26,  1862. 

Capt.  James  Wightman,  e.  as  sergt.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  prmtd. 
to  first  lient.  Jan.  24,  1862;  prmtd.  to  capt.  May  26. 
1862;  died  May  16,  1864. 

Capt.  John.  H.  Johnson,  e.  as  private,  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  re-e. 
as  vet.  Jan.  30,  1864  ;  prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  July  1, 
1864;  prmtd.  to  Capt.  May  16,  1864;  kid.  in  action 
(as  Fii-st  Sergt.),  Oct.  13,  1864. 

Capt.  James  Hannum,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861,  as  Sergt.;  re-e.  as 
vet.  Jan.  1,1864;  First  Sergt.,  prmtd.  to  First  Lieut. 
April  20,  18G4;  prmtd.  to  Capt.  May  16.  1864;  m.o. 
Dec.  6,  1865. 

First  Lieut.  Wallace  Lord,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861;  res.  Jan.  24, 
1862. 

First  Lieut.  Simon  .S.  Brucker,  e.  Aug.  12, 18()1,  as  Sec- 
ond Lieut.;  prmtd.  to  First  Lieut.  May  26,  1862;  res. 
.\pril  20,  1864. 

First  Lieut.  Daniel  Guisinger,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861,  as  Corp.; 
re-e.  Jan.  1,  1864,  as  vet.;  prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut, 
from  Sergt.  Oct.  13,  1864,  prmtd.  to  First  Lieut.  May 
16,  186i;  res.  July  12,  1865. 

First  Lieut.  Henry  H  DeLong,  e.  Aug.  28.  1861,  as  pri- 
vate ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864;  piomtd.  Oct.  4,  1865, 
to  First  Lieut.;  m.  o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  a.s  First  Sergt. 

Second  Lieut.  James  Henderson,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861,  as 
First  Sergt.;  prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  May  26, 1862; 
r  B.  June  24,  186:1. 

Second  Lieut.  .lolin  S.  Shafer,  e.  as  private  .■Vug.  12,  1861; 
re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864;  prmtd.  Oct.  4,  186,5,  to  Sec- 
ond Lieut.;  m.  o.  Dt  c.  6,  1865,  as  Sergt. 

Sergt.  Wm.  Johnson,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861;  re-e.  a«  vet.  Jan.  1, 
1864;   m.o.  Dec.  6.  1865. 

Sergt.  Chas.  Ellinwood,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861;  disd.  July  4, 
1863,  disab. 

Corp.  Martin  Howder,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 
1, 1864;  Sergt.;    died  at  Florence,  S.  C,  Oct.  11, 1864. 


598 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


Corp.  Augustus  Gurnsey,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;    disd.  Oct.  28, 

1862,  disab.  ^   ^ 

Corp.  Wm.  R.  Worth,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 

27, 1864;    m.  o.  July  15,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Chas.  Streater,  e.  Aug  12, 1861  ;    disd.  June  5, 1862, 

disab. 
Corp.  EdwiB  0.  Chapman,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  disd.  Sept.  10, 

1864,  as  Sergt.;  term  ex.  ,,,.„,_ 

Corp.  Walter  Gray,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  Sergt.;  deserted  Feb. 

3  1863. 
Corp  Albert.  A.  Fellows,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;    m.  o.  May 

21, 1862. 
Allen,   Andrew,   e.   Aug.   12,  1861;    died  a  prisoner,  at 

Charleston,  S.  C,  April  28,  1864. 
Akhurst,  James,  e.  Aug.   12,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864;  ilied  at  Hampton,  Va.,  May  28, 1864,  wds. 
Akhurst,  Henry  C,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;   disd.  Oct.  11, 1862, 

disab. 
Anderson,   F.  M.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861;    disd.  June,  1862, 

disab. 
Atwater,  H.  J.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1861;     disd.  Sept.  16,  1864, 

term  ex. 
Baer,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;   re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864 ;  m. 

o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Burnham,  Freeman,  e.  Aug.  21,1861;  disd.  July  —,1862, 

disab. 
Brown,  0.  P.,  e.  Aug.  18,  1861;  died.  Oct.  28, 1862,  disab. 
■Cooper,   W.  S.,  e.  Aug.  28,   1861;    disd.  Dec.   12,  ,1863, 

Converse,'  Melvin,  e.  Aug.  28, 1861 ;    m.  o.  May  18,  1865; 

prisoner  of  war. 
Converse,  Charlee,  e.  Aug.  28,  1861 ;    disd.  Sept.  10,  1864, 

term  ex. 
Davideon,  James,  e.  Aug.  28,  1801 ;    disd.  Sept.  27,  1862, 

disab. 
Drake,  Jasper  N.,  e.  Aug.  17,  1861 ;    disd.  July  — ,  1862, 

disab. 
Eggenberger,  Gallus,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861;    trans,   to   Inv. 

Corps,  Sept.  26,  1863. 
Fellows,  Albert,  e.  Aug.  28,  1861 ;   m.  o.  Feb.  19,  1865 ; 

was  prisoner. 
■Gott,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  28,1861 ,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864  ; 

died  at  Andersonville  prison  Jan.  15,  1865. 
Gorbett,  Quincy,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;    disd.   Aug.  16,  1862, 

disab. 
Oorbett,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan  1,1864 ; 

m.o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  as  Wagoner. 
■Gamble,  Harvey,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  absent  on  furlough,  at  ra.  o.  of  regt. 
<Tirardee,  Herman,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864;  ni.  o,  Dec.  6.  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Hamilton,  Lester,  e.  Aug.  28,  1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864;  kid.  in  action  May  20,  1804. 
Haney,  Matthew,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;   disd.  Aug.  21,  1862, 

disab. 
Haney  James,  e.  .\ug.28,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

m.  o.  Dec.  6,  1865. 
Hughes,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  disd.  for  disab. 
Howder,  Ephraim,  e.  Sept.  16,  1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Johnson,  Stephen,  e.  Sept  19,  1861 ;  kid.  in  action  May  20, 

1864. 
Jenkins,  Isaac  K.,  e.  Aug.  19,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Kendall,  John,  e.  Sept.  17,  1861;    disd.  Sept  10,  1864,  as 

Corp.,  term  expired. 
Long,  W.  P.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  disd.  July  4, 1863,  disab. 
Larkins,  John  W.,  e.  Aug,  22,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864;  disd.  June  19,  1865,  wds. 
Lilly,  Joseph,  e.  Aug.  22,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Oct  12, 1864. 
Miller,  J.  D.,  e.  Oct.— 1861;  deserted  Feb.  4,  1862. 
Moore,  A.  L.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861;  re-e.  as  vet,  Jan.  1, 1864; 

kid.  in  action  April  21865. 
Malone,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  22, 1861 ;    disd.  Oct.  18,  1864, 

term  expired. 
Malone,  A.  J.,  e.  Aug.  22, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864 ; 

m.  o.  Dec.  6, 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Murphy,   David,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861;   disd.  Dec.   12,   1863, 

disab. 
McGregor,  Alonzo,  e.  Aug.  22,  1861 ;  disd.  Sept.  10,  1864, 

term  expired. 
Nash,  L.  H  ,  e.  Sept.  27, 1861 ;  disd.  July  25, 1862,  disab. 
Perry,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  12,   1861 ;   died  at  Cumberland, 

Md.,  Feb.  25,  1862. 
Pennett,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  9, 1861 ;  disd.  Sept.  10,  1864,  term 

expired. 
Pembroke,  Jerry,  e.   Aug.   12,  1861 ;   disd.  Jan.  1,  1862, 

disab. 
Palmer,  Gershon,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861;  died  at  Newbern,  N. 
C,  Feb.  21,  1862. 


Potter,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861;  died  at  Cumberland,  Md., 

Feb.  20,  1862. 
Raney,  Sam'l,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

disd.  Sept.  26, 1865,  disab. 
Rieley,  Thos.  E.,  e.  Aug.  12,   1861 ;   disd.  May  10, 1883, 

disab. 
Robinson,  W.  E.,  e.  Aug.   12,   1861  ;  disd.   May  18, 1862, 

disab. 
Richardson,  Jerry,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  m.  o.  June  24,  1865, 

prisnr.  war. 
Reid,  Henry  H.,  e.  Aug.,  12, 1861 ;  died  at  Hancock,  Md., 

Dec.  25,  1861. 
St.  John,  Seth,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861,  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

Corp.,  died  at  Florence,  Jan.  23, 1865. 
Shultz,  Valentine,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;   disd.  Jan.  18, 1862, 

disab. 
Scott,  Wesley,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

died  at  Annapolis,  Nov.  10, 1864. 
Springer,  Reason,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861  ;    disd.  July  1,  1862, 

disab. 
Sellman,  John,   e.  Aug.  12,   1861 ;   disd.  Sept.  10,  1864, 

term  expired, 
Sellman,  Marion,  e.  Aug.  28,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6, 1865,  as  Corp. 
Stephenson,  Albert  A.,  e.  Aug.  27,  1861;  died  at  Florence, 

S.  C,  Oct.  11, 1864. 
Unrine,  Oscar,  e.  Aug.  28, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864 ; 

m.  o.  Dec.  6, 1865,  as  Corp. 
Van  Valkenberg,  E.  P.,  e.  Aug.  30, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan. 

1,  1864  ;  m.o.  July  18,  1865. 
Vieux,  John,  e.  Sept.  10,1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

kid.  at  Drury's  BlulT,  Va.,  May  16, 1864. 
Vieux,  Cassimere,  e.  Aug.  16,  1861;  disd.  Dec.  22,  1862, 

disab. 
Weidman,  Uriah,  e. Sept.  16,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1. 1864 ; 

died  at  Camp  Parole.  Dec.  31, 1864. 
Yapp,  Seneca  P.,  e.  Aug.  12,  1861 ;  deserted  Dec.  6, 1861. 
Argubright,  Caleb,  e.  Feb.  16.  1864,   rect;  m.  o.  Dec.  6, 

1865,  as  Corp. 
Eaton,  Lanson  M.,  p.  Feb.  14,   1864,   rect. ;   m.  o.  Dec.  6, 

1865,  as  Corp. 
Gardner,  Oscar,  e.  Oct.  24, 1861 ;  rect. ;  m.  o.  Oct.  12,1864. 
Gorbett,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Feb.  1,1864,  rect.;  died  near  Alex- 
andria, Va  ,  April  17,  1864. 
Johnson,  Saml.  B.,  e.  Sept.  20,  1862,  rect.;  died  at  Ber- 
muda Hundred,  June  30,  1864. 
Jenkins,  Wm.,  e.  Dec.  30,  1.S63,  rect. ;  disd.  May  18,  1865, 

wds. 
Lacy,  Thos.,  e.  Aug.  12, 1861,  rect.;  trans,  to  Fifty-second 

111.  Inf.,  Oct.  6,  1861. 
Rooker,  Vincent,  e.   March   7,  1864,  roct;    m.  o.  July  5, 

1865. 
Starkey,  Oriando,   e.  Feb.  10,  1864,  rect.;   m.  o.  Dec.  6, 
1805,  as  Corp. 

Company  D. 

Corp.  Cornelius  D.  Gaul,  e.  Sept.   21,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet. 

Jan.  1, 1864  ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Gaurley,  Alex.,  e.  Sept.  21,  1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

m.  o.  Dec.  6, 1865. 
Kyler,  John  W.,  e.  Sept.  5,   1861 ;   died  at  Dwight,  111., 

Oct.  24,  1861.  ^,    ,.^^ 

Rost,  Lewis  T.,  e.  Sept.  21,  1861 ;   disd.   Sept.   21,  1864, 

term  expired. 
Spinnings,  Clark,   e.  Sept.  3,   1861 ;   disd.  June  27, 18b3, 

disab.  ,.    ,  c     » 

Cutler,  Geo.  0.,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862,  rect. ;  Corp.  ;  died  Sept. 

11,1863,  wds. 
Doran,  Jas.,  e.  Nov.  24,  1862,  rect. ;   diad.  June  27,  186.3, 

disab.  ,^       „ 

Elli?,  Dwight  D.,  e.  Dec.  16, 1802,  rect.;  kid.  at  Deep  Run, 

Va.,  Aug.  16,  1864.  . 

Staley,  Abner,  e.  Dec.  16,  1862,  rect. ;  m.  o.  Dec.  6, 1865. 

Company  C. 

Magee,  W.  T.,  e.  Sept.  5,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 
m.  0.  Dec.  6,  1865. 

Company  H. 

Cochlin,  David,  e.  April  5,  1862 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  1, 1864 ; 

died  Aug.  20,  1864,  wds. 
Robinson,  Hiram,  e.  April  5,  1862;  m.  o.  May  9, 1865. 

Company  K. 

Lewis,  John,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  rect;  captd.  May  16,  1864. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


601 


THIRTY-THIRD  INFANTRY. 

The  Thirty-third  Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry  wag  or- 
ganized at  Camp  Butler,  111.,  in  the  month  of  September, 
1861,  by  Col.  Chas.  E.  Hovey,  anil  mustered  into  the 
United  States  service  by  Capt.  T.  G.  Pitcher.  U.  S.  A. 

September  20,  moved  to  Ironton  Mo.,  via  St.  Louis. 
Remained  at  Ironton  during  the  Winter,  with  occasional 
ecout.'?  into  the  country.  On  one  of  theee  the  battle 
of  Fredericktown  was  fought — Company  A  on  skir- 
mish line.  March,  18(12,  moved,  with  the  command 
of  Gen.  Steele,  southward,  passing  into  Arkansas 
at  Pitman's  Ferry,  and  marching  via  Pocahontas  and 
Jacksonport,  to  Batesville,  where  it  joined  Gen.  Curtis' 
army  ;  thence,  via  .Jacksonport.  Augusta  and  Clarendon, 
to  Helena.  Was  engaged  in  the  liattle  of  Cache,  and  in 
many  skirmishes.  At  the  battle  of  Cotton  Plant,  Com- 
pany A,  on  skirmish  line,  met  and  checked  a  charge  of 
2,000  Texan  Bangers. 

During  July  and  A  ugust.were  camped  twenty  miles  south 
of  Helena,  and  engaged  in  eight  expeditions  up  and  down 
the  river. 

September  1st,  was  moved  up  the  river  to  Sulphur 
Springs,  and  thence  to  Pilot  Knob,  where  it  arrived  the 
middle  of  October,  1862. 

November  l.oth,  moved  to  Van  Buren,  Ark.,  in  Col. 
Harris"  Brigade,  Brig.  Gen.  W.  P.  Benton's  Division,  of 
Gen.  Davidson's  Corps.  Made  Winter  campaign  in  South- 
east Missouri,  passing  through  Patterson,  Van  Buren, 
Alton,  West  Plains,  Eminence  and  Centerville,  and  re- 
turned to  Bellevue  Valley,  near  Pilot  Knob,  about  March 
l8t,  ISliS. 

The  Thirty-third  was  then  ordered  to  Ste.  Genevieve, 
Mo.,  where,  with  the  command,  it  embarked  forMilliken's 
Bend,  La.  Attached  to  the  Firet  Brigade,  Firet  Division, 
Thirteenth  Army  Corps,  it  was  engaged  in  all  its  battles, 
participating  in  the  battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Champion 
Hills,  Black  Kiver  Bridge,  assault  and  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
and  the  siege  of  Jackson. 

In  August,  moved  to  New  Orleans,  with  the  Thirteenth 
Corps.  In  October,  with  Brigade  of  Col.  Shunk,  Eighth 
Indiana,  Maj.  Gen.  C.  C.  Washburn's  Division,  and  Maj. 
Gen.  E.  0.  C.  Ord's  Corps,  engaged  in  the  campaign 
np  the  Bayou  Teche.  Returned  to  New  Orleans 
in  November.  Thence  ordered  to  Brownsville,  Texas, 
but,  before  landing,  was  ordered  to  Arkansas  Pass.  Dis- 
embarked on  St.  Joseph  Island,  marched  up  St.  Joseph 
Island  and  Matagorda  Island  to  Saluria,  participating  in 
the  capture  of  Fort  Esperanza.  Thence  moved  to  In- 
dianola  and  Port  Lavaca. 

The  First  Brigade,  while  on  the  main  land  of  Texas, 
■was  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen.  Fitz  Henry  Warren. 

January  1st,  1864,  the  regiment  re-enlisted  as  veterans, 
and  March  14th  reached  Bloomington,  111.,  and  received 
veteran  furlough. 

April  18, 1864,  regiment  was  re-organized  at  Camp  But- 
ler, Illinois,  and  proceeded  to  New  Orleans,  via  Alton  and 
St.  Louis — arriving  29th,  and  camping  at  CarroUton. 

May  17th,  ordered  to  Brashear  City,  La.  Soon  after  its 
arrival,  the  regiment  was  scattered  along  the  line  of  the 
road,  as  guard,  as  follows  :  Companies  F,  0  and  K,  at 
Bayou  Boeuf;  Company  I,  Bayou  L"Ours  ;  Companies  A 
and  D,  Tigerville;  Company  G,  Chacahoula ;  Company 
E,  Terre  Bonne;  Company  B,  Bayou  Lafourche  and 
Bayou  des  AUemands  ;  Company  H,  Boutte.  Regimental 
headquarters,  Terre  Bonne.  The  District  was  called  the 
"District  of  Lafourche,"  commanded  by  Brig.  Gen. 
Robert  A.  Cameron,  headquarters  at  Thibodaux. 

September  17, 1864,  the  nou-veterans  of  the  regiment 
were  started  home,  vta  New  York  Citj',  in  charge  of  rebel 
prisoners,  and  were  mustered  out  at  Camp  Butler,  about 
October  11,  1864. 

March  2,  1865,  ordered  to  join  th«  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps.  Near  Boutte  Station  the  train  was  thrown  from 
the  track,  and  nine  men  killed  and  70  wounded.  18th, 
regiment  embarked  on  Lake  Ponchartrain,  for  Mobile 
expedition.  Company  K,  remaining  behind  to  guard 
transportation,  joined  the  regiment  April  11,  at  Blakely. 
Moved,  via  Fort  Gaines  and  Navy  Cove,  landed  on  Fish 
River,  Ala.,  and  marched  with  Gen.  Canby's  army  up  east 
eide  of  Mobile  Bay.  The  regiment  was  in  the  First 
Brigade,  Col.  W.  L.  McMillan,  Ninety-fifth  Ohio ;  First 
Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  McArthur;  Sixteenth  Army  Corps, 
Maj.  Gen.  A.  J.  Smith. 

March  27,  arrived  in  front  of  Spanish  Fort,  the  main 
I  defense  of  Mobile,  and,  until  its  capture,  April  8th,  was 
I  actively  engaged.  Loss,  one  killed,  two  died  of  wounds, 
1  and  nine  wounded. 

After  the  surrender  of  Mobile,  marched,  April  IH,  1805, 
I  with  the  Sixteenth  Corps,  for  Montgomery,  Ala.,  where  it 


arrived  on  25th,  and  encamped  on  the  Alabama  River. 
Here  it|received  the  news  of  Li-e  and  Johnston's  surrender, 
after  which  its  operations  were  not  of  a  hostile  character. 

May  10,  marched  to  Selma,  and  May  17,  by  rail,  to 
Meridian,  Mississippi.  Here  remained.  In  the  latter  part 
of  July,  the  regiment  was  filled  above  the  maximum,  by 
men  transferred  from  Seventy-second,  One  Hundred  and 
Seventeenth,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-second  and  One 
Hundred  and  Twenty-fourth  Illinois. 

Moved  to  Vicksburg,  April  14th,  1865,  and  remained  at 
that  place  until  mustered  out  of  service,  Nov.  24,  1865, 
and  ordered  to  Camp  Butler,  Illinois,  for  final  payment 
and  discharge. 


Company  A. 

Farwell,  Selah  B.,  e.  Aug.  21,  1861 ;  disd.  Feb.  16,  1863, 

disab. 
Munzo,Wm.  E.,  e.  Aug.  21,1861;  re-e.asvet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 
Straight,  Johnson  W.,  e.  Aug.  21,  1801;   disd.  Sept.  15, 

1862,  wds. 

Company  D. 

Pettibone,  Sanford,  e.  Jan.  0,  1805,  rect.;    m.  o.  Nov.  24 
1865. 

Company  F. 

Capt.  John  Stillwell,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861 ;    prmtd.  to  Second 

Lieut,  from  First  Sergt.  May  6,  1863  ;  prmtd.  to  First 

Lieut.  March  23,  18G4 ;  prmtd.  to  Capt.  Oct.  4,  1865 

m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 
First  Lieut.  George  W.  McKee,  e.  Aug.  1,1861;    prmtd. 

to  Second  Lieut,  from  Sergt.  Jan.  12,  1863;  prmtd.  to 

First  Lieut.  Jan.  23,1863;  died  at  Chicago  May  6,  '63. 
Second  Lieut   Otis  T.  Barrows,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861 ;    re-e.  as 

vet.  Jan.  1,1864;  prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  Oct.  4, 1805; 

m.  o.  as  First  Sergt.  Nov.  24, 1865. 
Armon,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864 ;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Armon,  Philip,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 

m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1805,  as  Corp. 
Argubright,  John  T.,  e.  .\ug.  1,  1801 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 
Bewley,  Aaron  C,  e.  Aug.  1,1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1804;  drowned  Dec.  22,  1804. 
Burns,  Robt.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1801 ;    disd.  Dec.  25, 1865,  disab. 
Haines,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861. 
Haines,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861;    died  at  St.  Louis  Nov. 

7,  1862. 
Hester,  Dilman  K.,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861 ;   died  at  Ironton,  Mo., 

Nov.  24,  18G1. 
Lauderback,  Thos.,  a.  Aug.  1,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan  1, 

1864  ;  disd.  Sept.  4,  1805,  disab. 
Lauderback,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1S64 ;  died  at  home  March  9,  1864. 
Laycock,  Elihu,  e.  Aug.  1, 18G1;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 

'  disd.  Oct.  12,  1805,  disab. 
Morris,  "Wm.  H.,  e.   Aug.  1,  1861 ;    died  at  Benton  Bar- 
racks Nov.  26,  1862. 
Morris,  Andrew,  e.  Aug.  1, 1801 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864 ; 

disd.  Oct.  25,  1805,  disab. 
McDougall,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1804 ;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1805,  as  Corp. 
McMann,  Wm.  P.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;    died  at   Benton  Bar- 
racks March  6,  1803. 
Morris,  David  M.,  c.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1804 ;  disd.  Oct.  25,  1805,  disab. 
Nigh,  Jasper,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 

m.  o.  Nov.  24. 1865,  as  Sergt. 
Ostrander.  Chas.  H.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;  m.  0.  Oct.  11, 1864. 
Perry,  Thos.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;  deserted  Nov.  14,  1861. 
Schriver.  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

m.  o.  Nov.  24, 1865. 
Starkley,  C.  S.,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861  ;  disd.  Feb.  14, 1863,  disab. 
Shackleton,  J.   A.,  e.   Aug.  1,  1861 ;   died  near  Helena, 

Sept.  .30,  1862. 
Trimble,  M.  M.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;    trans,   to  Inv.   Corps 

March  15, 1864. 
Thomas,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;   disd.   Dec.  8.  1862, 

disab. 
Thomas,  C.  W.,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861 ;  disd.  Jan.  1, 1864. 
Wilson,  Thos.,  e.  Aug.  1, 1861 ;    Corp.;  died  at  Ironton 

Nov.  9,  1861. 
Bean,  W.  A.,  e.  Jan.  1,  1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Brown,  W.  T.,  e.  Nov.  3,  1862,  rect;  m.  o.  Nov.  24, 1865. 
Carpenter,   David,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug,  10, 
1865. 


602 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


Carpenter,  Adam,  e.  Jan.  17, 1865,  rect.;  m.o.  Nov.  24,  '65. 
Erkson,  Ira,  e.  Jan.  17. 1865,  rect.;  m.o.  Nov.  2i,  1865. 
Halderman,  J.  W.,  e.  Jan.  24,  1865,  rect.;  ni.  o.  Nov.  24, 

JackBon," Peter,  e.  Jan.  17, 1865,  rect.;  disd.  Sept.  4,  1865, 
disab.  „       „,   ,„, 

Johnson,  Jacob,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865,  rect;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  65. 

Nlckerson,  Wm.,  e.  Jan.  17.  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  65. 

Olson,  John,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 

Perry,  T.  C,  e.  March  28, 1864,  rect.;  died  at  Vicksburg 
Sept.  26,  1865. 

Platner,  Daniel,  e.  March  28, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  65. 

Shurvington,  Henry,  e.  Jan.  24,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov. 
24.  1865. 

Company  C, 

Corp.  Nathan  L.  Spencer,  e.  Aug.  20,  1861 ;  re-o.  as  yet. 

Jan.  1,  1864;  Sergt.;  died  at  Terre  Bonne  Feb.  22,  65. 
Bunell,  Wm.,  e.  Aug. 20,  1861;  re-e.  as.  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 

m.o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 
Brook,  M.  M.,  e.  Aug.  20, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865,  as  First  Sergt. 
Spencer,  J.  A.,  e.  Aug.  20, 1861;  disd.  Dec.  4, 1862    disab. 
Whiteman,  H.  F.,  e.  Aug.  20,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.   1, 

1864;  m.  o.  Nov.  24,  1865. 
Edwards,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  11, 1861,  rect.;  died  at  St.  Louis 

Aug.  19,1863. 
Spencer,  J.  W.,  e.  March  22,  1864,  vet.  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov. 

24.  1865. 

Company  K. 

Campbell,  Arch.,  e.  Feb.  18,  1865;  never  reported; 
drowned  March  2.  1865. 

Hinchcliff,  Henry,  e.  Feb.  17, 1865,  rect.;  died  at  Vicks- 
burg Oct.  4, 1865. 

Plummer,  E.  S.,  e.  Feb.  17, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  24, 1865. 

Sims,  B.  F.,  e.  Feb.  17, 186.5,  rect;  m.  o.  Nov.  24, 1865. 


FORTY-FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

The  Forty-fourth  was  organized  in  August,  1861,  at 
Camp  Ellsworth,  Chicago,  under  the  supervision  of  Col. 
Chas.  Knoblesdorff,  and  was  mustered  into  service  Sept. 
13,  and  immediately  embarked  for  St.  Louis.  Mo.  Thence 
on  the22d  to  Jefferson  City.  On  29th,  marched  to  Sedalia. 
and  was  assigned  to  Gen.  Sigel's  famous  division.  Oct. 
13th,  took  up  line  of  march  for  Springfield,  Mo.  The 
Forty-fourth  was  too  late  to  participate  in  the  battle  of 
Wilson  Creek.  It  then  moved  to  Rolla,  where  it  en- 
camped for  the  Winter.  Gen.  Curtis  having  asiumed 
command,  on  Feb.  2,  the  Forty-fourth  moved  toward 
Springfield,  to  attack  Price's  army,  but  found  him  gone; 
pursued  him  into  Arkansas.  The  two  armies  concen- 
trated their  whole  strength  and  met  at  Pea  Ridge,  where 
a  bloody  battle  was  fought,  defeating  the  enemy,  and  in 
which  the  Forty-fourth  took  a  prominent  part.  It  was 
also  one  of  the  most  effective  regiments  in  the  pursuit  of 
the  retreating  rebels,  capturing  one  stand  of  colors,  many 
prisoners  and  several  pieces  of  artillery.  Resumed 
march  April  5,  to  Forsythe,  Mo.,  and  Bateaville,  Ark., 
where  the  army  was  re-organized,  and  the  Forty-fourth 
placed  in  Col.  Osterhaus'  brigade.  It  thence  proceeded 
to  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  and  thence  by  steamer  to  Pitts- 
burg Landing,  Tenn.,  where  it  arrived  May  26,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  army  then  besieging  Corinth,  two  days  after 
arrival,  rebels  evacuated  and  the  Forty-fourth  was  as- 
signed to  Gen.  Pope's  command,  and  went  in  pursuit  of 
the  fleeing  enemy. 

Was  in  camp  at  Rienzi,  Miss.,  two  months.  Cincin- 
nati, Ohio,  being  threatened,  the  brigade,  under  com- 
mand of  Col.  Grensel,  marched  thither,  where  it  arrived 
Sept  1,  and  on  the  17th  moved  by  rail  to  Louisville. 
Here  the  army  was  again  re-organized,  and  the  Forty- 
fourth  as-signed  to  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  under  Gen. 
Buell,  and  was  in  the  battle  of  Perryville,  Oct.  8,  in  a 
division  commanded  by  Gen.  P.  H.  Sheridan.  Marched 
to  Crab  Orchard  and  Bowling  Green,  when  Gen.  Kose- 
crans  assumed  command. 

Marched  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  Dec.  26.  Moved,  with 
the  army,  against  Murfreesburo,  Tenn.,  and  was  attached 
to  the  Second  Brigade,  Third  Division,  Twentieth  Army 
Corps,  Col.  Shaffer  commanding  the  brigade.  Gen.  Sheri- 
dan the  division,  and  Gen.  McCook  the  corps. 

At  Stone  River  the  Forty-fourth  lost  half  its  number 
in  killfd  and  wounded. 

June  26,  1863,  was  engaged  at  Hoover's  Gap,  Shelby- 
ville  and  TuUahoma,  Tenn.  Thence  moved  to  Stevenson 
and  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  and  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and  took 


part  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga.  In  the  battle  of  Mis- 
sion Ridge,  soon  after,  Gen.  Sheridan  gave  the  Forty- 
fourth  the  praise  of  placing  their  flag  among  the  very 
first  on  the  rebel  works.  It  then  made  a  forced  march 
to  relieve  our  aiTiiy  at  Knoxville,  arriving  there  three 
days  after  the  siege  was  raised.  The  Twentieth  and 
Twenty-first  Corps  being  consolidated,  the  Forty-fourth 
was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Corps,  and  Gen.  F.  T.  Sher- 
man to  the  command  of  brigade. 

After  many  marches  and  hardships,  the  Forty-fourth 
arrived  at  Chattanooga,  Feb.  3,  1864,  and,  for  the  first 
time  in  four  months,  drew  full  rations  from  the  Govern- 
ment. Here  the  regiment  re-enlisted  and  went  home  on 
veteran  furlough,  arriving  in  Chicago,  March  1,  having 
marched  during  its  term  of  enlistment  over  5,000  miles. 

April  14,  it  arrived  at  Nashville,  and  immediately 
marched  to  Chattanooga,  and  from  thence  entered  on  the 
memorable  Atlanta  campaign,  and  participated  in  the 
following  skirmishes  and  engagements :  Buzzard  Boost, 
Rocky-Faced  Mountain,  Besaca,  Adairsville,  Dallas,  New 
Hope  Church,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Gulp's  Farm,  Chatta- 
hoochie  River,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  Atlanta  and  Jonesboro. 
Its  movements  then  were  to  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  Athens, 
Ala.,  Pulaska,  Tenn.,  and  from  thence  gradually  fell  back 
on  Nashville,  closely  pursued  by  the  enemy,  and  took  a 
very  prominent  part  in  the  battle  of  Franklin.  Thence 
proceeded,  via  Nashville,  to  HuntsviUe,  Ala.,  arriving 
January  5,  1865.  March  28,  was  ordered  to  Kno.xville, 
thence  te  Blue  Springs,  Tenn. 

After  the  surrender  of  the  rebel  armies,  the  Forty- 
fourth  was  ordered  to  New  Orleans,  arriving  June  22.  It 
then  moved,  by  steamer,  to  Port  Lavaca,  Texas,  where  it 
remained  until  Sept.  25,  when  it  was  mustered  out  and 
proceeded  to  Springfield,  111.,  arriving  Oct  15, 1865,  and 
received  its  final  payment  and  discharge. 


Lieut.   Col.  John   Russell,  e.  as  Capt.   Co.  C,  Aug.  14, 

1861 ;  prmtd.  to  Lieut.  Col.  Feb.  23, 1863  ;  m.  o.  Sept. 

25,  1 865. 
Mai.  Lewis   C.  Mills,  e.  as  Sergt.  July  1, 1861 ;    prmtd.  to 

Second  Lieut  Feb.  23,  1863;   prmtd.  to  Capt.  Sept  28. 

1864;  prmtd.  to  Maj.  Oct.  4,  1865;  m.  o.  as  Capt. Sept. 

25,  1865. 
Com.  Sergt.  Nicholas  W.  New,  e.  July  1,  1861,  as  Corp., 

re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864;     Sergt.;  prmtd.   to   Com. 

Sergt.  Jan  1,  1864  ;  returned  to  Co.  C. 

Company  C. 

Capt  Wm.  H.  Mills,  e.  July  1,  1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 
1864;   prmtd.  to  First  Lieut  March  20, 1865;   prmtd 
to  Capt.  Oct.  4, 1865  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  25, 1865. 
First  Sergt.  Loren  H.  Malery,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Corp.  Milan  Barrackman,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Corp.  Albert  H.  Keith,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Corp.  Wesley  Pickle,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Corp.  Alvin  Ritchie,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Wagoner  Thomas  Edwards,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Arguebright,  Jas.  C,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Arguebright  John  W.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Belrose,  Chas.  H.,  e  July  1,  1861. 
Benedic,  Wm.  H.,  e.  July  1,  1861;    re-e.  as  vet  Jan.  1, 

1864  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  25,  1865. 
Buchanan,  John  N.,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Boyd,  Wm.  T  .  e.  July  1, 1861  ;    re-e.  as  vet  Jan.  1, 1864; 

died  July  28,  1864,  wds. 
Castigan,  Henry  R.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Conner,  Newton,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Davis,  Francis  M.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Fleming,  Isaac  B.,  e,  July  1, 1861. 
Fenn,  Wm.  E.,  e.  July  1, 1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet  Jan.  1,  18b4; 

m.  o.  Sept  25,  1865,  as  Corp.  ,   ,oeA 

Hall,  Fred  W.,  e.  July  1, 1861 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864; 

kld.at  Jonesboro,  Ga.,  Sept.  1,1864. 
Kelley,  Jos.,  e.  July  1, 1801;   re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864;  m- 

o.  Sept  25,  1865.  * 

McFadden,  Wm.,  e.  July  1,  1861.  ,  -.oca 

Piles,  Alfred,  e.  July  1,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet  Jan.  1,  isb*, 

m.  o.  Sept.  25,  1865. 
Sullivan,  John,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Warner,  Wm.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Warner,  Jas.,  e.  July  1, 1861. 
Williams,  John  Y.,  e.  July  1,  1861. 
Critton,  Jas.  H.,  e.  March  31,  1864,  rect;    died  at  cnat- 

tanooga,  July  4,  1864.  _„^ 

Cook,  Wm    R.,  e.  April  11,  1864,  rect;    trans,  from  7M 

111.;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1865.  . 

Campbell,  Daniel,  e.  March  21,  1865,  rect;   trans,  from 

73d  111.;  m.  o.  Sept.  25,  1865. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


603 


Elliott,  Henry  A.,  e.  Jan.  14,  1»G6,  rect.;    m.  o.  Sept.  25, 

1865. 
Fenner  Koswell,  e.  March  31,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  25. 

1865,  as  Corp. 
Johnson,  David,  e.  Jan.  14,  186.5,  rect. ;  m.  o.  Sept.  25, 1865. 

DKAFTEI)  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 

Connerj',  Morris,  e.  Sept.  22, 1864;  ni.  o.  June  15,  1865. 
Church,  Fred.  J.,  e.  Sept.  22,  1864  ;  m.  o.  June  1.5, 1865. 
Costello,  Keren,  e.  Oct.  4,   1864.   substitute;    missinji  in 

action  Nov.  3(1,  1864. 
Debolt,  Jacoli,  e.  Sept.  19, 1864  ;  m.  o.  June  15,  1865. 
Harrison,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  22,  1864;  m.  o.  March  27, 1866. 
McKee.  Matthew,  e.  Sept.  23,  1864;  died  May  30, 1865. 
McGlanthlin,  Timothy,  e.  Sept.  22,  1864;  m.  o.  June  15, 

1865. 
Tucker,  Willard  B.,  e.  Sept.  23, 1864  ;  m.  o.  June  15, 1865. 

Company  D. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Kelley.  Barney,  e.  Sept.  3,  1864  ;  m.  o.  June  14, 1866. 

Company  C. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Cowan.  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  22, 1864  ;  ni.  o.  June  15, 1865. 

Company  H. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Antrim,  John,  e.  Sept.  22,  1864;  m.  o.  June  15,  1865. 
Boland,  Augustine,  e.  Sept.  28,  1864;  ni.  o.  June  15,  1865. 
Blue,  Calvin,  e.  Sept.  22,  1864  ;  m.  o.  June  15,  1865. 


FIFTY-THIRD  INFANTRY. 

The  Fifty-third  Infantry  Illinois  Volunteers  was  or- 
({anized  at  Ottawa,  111.,  in  the  Winter  of  1861-2,  by  Col. 
W.  H.  W.  Cushman.  On  tlie  27th  February,  1862,  moved 
to  Camp  Douglas,  Chicago,  111. 

Ordered  to  Savannah,  Tenn.,  March  23d.  Arrived  at 
Shiloh  on  the  night  of  April  7th,  and  was  placed  in  the 
First  Brigade,  Fourth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  G.  Lauman 
commanding  brigade,  and  Brig.  Gen.  S.  A.  Hurlbut  com- 
manding division. 

Engaged  in  the  seige  of  Corinth.  Marched  to  Grand 
Junction,  and,  June  26th,  to  La  Grange;  thence  via 
Holly  Springs  to  Memphis,  July  21st.  On  the  6th  of 
September,  moved  toward  Bolivar,  arriving  13th.  Moved, 
October  4th,  from  Bolivar,  and  on  the  5th  engaged  four 
times  their  number  of  the  enemy,  who  were  retreating 
from  Corinth.  While  crossing  Davis'  Bridge,  on  the 
Hatchie,  a  regiment  from  another  State  Hed,  breaking 
through  our  lines  in  disorder;  but  the  Fifty -third  moved 
promptly  forward  and  formed  line,  and  fought  two  and  a 
half  hours,  losing  10  killed  and  49  wounded.  Returned 
to  Bolivar  October  8th,  and  to  La  Grange  November  4, 
1862.   , 

On  the  28th  of  November,  moved  southward,  with  Gen. 
Grant's  army,  to  Cold  Water,  Holly  Springs,  Waterford, 
Abbeville  and  Oxford,  Miss.,  arriving  at  Yocona  Creek 
December  13th,  and  on  the  22d  commenced  the  north- 
ward march  toward  Tallahatchie  River. 

January  1,  1803,  the  regiment  was  brigaded  with  First 
Brigade,  Fourth  Division,  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  Col. 
I.  C.  Pugh  commanding  brigade.  Brig.  Gen.  J.  G.  Lauman 
commanding  division,  and  Maj.  Gen.  J.  B.  McPherson 
commanding  corps.  Moved  from  Tallahatchie  River  and 
arrived  at  Moscow,  Tenn.,  January  11th.  Was  trans- 
ferred, with  the  division,  to  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps 
(Maj.  Gen.  Hurlbut's),  and  remained  during  the  Winter. 

Moved  to  Memphis  March  11th,  and  May  17th  embarked 
for  Young's  Point.  On  the  2(nh,  moved  to  Haines'  Bluff. 
Went  into  position  at  Snyder's  Bluff,  and  on  the  25th 
joined  the  main  army. 

Was  actively  engaged  in  the  seige  of  Vicksburg,  being 
temporarily  assigned  to  the  Thirteenth  Corps,  Maj.  Gen. 
E.  0.  C.  Ord  commanding.  (.)n  July  5th,  moved,  with 
Gen.  Sherman's  army,  against  Jackson.  On  the  12th, 
was  engaged,  with  the  Third  Iowa  and  Twenty-eighth 
and  Forty-first  Illinois,  in  battle  of  Jackson.  The  Fifty- 
third  participated  in  the  gallant  but  disastrous  charge  of 
that  day,  going  into  the  fight  with  2(iO  men  and  officers 
and  coming  out  with  but  60.  Col.  Earl  fell,  pierced  with 
four  bullets.  Lieut.  Col.  McClanahan  was  severely 
wounded.  Capt.  Michael  Leahey  and  Lieut.  George  W. 
Hemstreet  were  killed,  and  Capt.  J.  E.  Hudson  mortally 


wounded.  Capts.  Potter  and  King,  wounded.  Lieut. 
Smith  lost  an  arm  and  was  taken  prisoner,  and  Capt 
Lodge  was  taken  prisoner;  the  entire  loss  being  88  killed 
and  wounded,  and  46  missing. 

A  few  days  afterward,  returned  to  Vicksburg,  and  was 
transferred  to  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  Brig.  Gen.  M 
M.  Crocker  commanding  division.  Moved  to  Natchez 
August  18th.  Returned,  November  3Uth,  to  Vieksliurg, 
and  camped  at  Slilldale. 

On  the  1st  i^f  February,  1864,  the  regiment  having  re- 
enlisted,  was  mustered  as  a  veteran  organization,  and,  on 
the  3d,  started  on  the  Meridian  campaign,  and,  return- 
ing, arrived  at  Hebron,  Miss.,  February  2'.tth. 

Left  Vicksburg  March  13,  and  arrived  at  Ottawa  22d. 
where  the  men  were  furloughed  for  thirty  days. 

Company  I  having  been  consolidated  with  Company 

E,  in  1863,  a  new  company  was  orgatiized  and  assigned 
to  the   regiment.     Rejoihed  the  division  at  Cairo.     Gen. 

F.  P.  Blair  having  been  a.ssigned  to  the  corps,  it  moved 
up  the  Tennessee  to  Clifton,  and  marched,  via  Decatur 
and  Huntsville, joining  Gen.  Sherman'sarmy  at  AUatoona 
June  8th.  The  Second  Brigade,  Col.  George  C.  Rogers 
commanding,  was  ordered  to  garrison  that  place.  July 
13th,  ordered  to  Marietta,  and  on  the  17th  joined  the 
division  at  the  front. 

Was  engaged  in  the  seige  of  Atlanta,  and  in  the  en- 
gagements of  .July  2(»th,  21st  and  22d  lost  101  men  killed 
and  wounded — Capt.  Samuel  Haynie  being  among  the 
killed.  After  a  few  days'  rest  at  East  Point,  moved,  Octo- 
ber 4th,  in  pursuit  of  Hood,  returning  to  Marietta,  where 
the  Second  Brigade  was  doing  garrison  duty,  on  Novem- 
ber 6tli. 

November  13th,  moved  to  Atlanta,  and,  on  the  15th, 
commenced  the  Savannah  campaign,  Brig.  Gen.  Giles  A. 
Smith  commanding  division,  and  Col.  B.  F.  Potts  com- 
manding First  Brigade,  in  which  the  regiment  was  serv- 
ing; arrived  at  the  fortifications  of  .Savannah  December 
10th.  Lost  4  killed  and  6  wounded  in  its  advance  on 
the  works,  and  on  the  21st  marched  into  the  city. 

January  4,  18G5,  the  Forty-first  Illinois  Volunteers — 
222  men  and  officers,  Maj.  Robert  H.  McFadden  com- 
manding— was  consolidated  with  the  Fifty-third,  and  on 
the  6th  the  division  embarked  for  Beaufort,  S.  C,  and 
soon  after  moved  to  Pocotaligo. 

On  January  2'Jth,  commenced  the  Carolina  campaign. 
Brig.  Gen.  B.  F.  Potts  commanding  brigade.  Moved  via 
Orangeburg,  Columbia,  Fayetteville  and  Cheraw,  partici- 
pating in  the  battle  of  Bentonville,  March  20th  and  21st, 
1865,  and  marched  to  Goldsboro,  Raleigh  and  Jones' 
Station ;  and,  after  Johnston's  surrender,  marched  with 
the  army  to  Washington,  and  participated  in  the  grand 
review  of  May  24th. 

June  6th,  moved  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  July  22d  was 
mustered  out  of  service  by  Lieut.  Robert  M.  Woods,  A.  C. 
M.,  and  moved  to  Chicago,  111.  July  28th,  received  final 
payment  and  discharge. 

Distance  marched 2,8.55  miles. 

Distance  by  rail  and  steamer 4,168  miles. 

Total 7,023  miles. 


Company  A. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Hart,  John,  e.  Sept.  30, 1864;  sub.;  disd.  at  Washington. 

Company  B. 

Achurst,  John,  e.  Feb.  25, 1862,  rect.:  m.  o.  March  26,1865. 

Campbell,  D.  W.,  e.  Feb.  21, 1862,  rect.;  m. o.  July  22, 1865, 
prisoner  war. 

Evans,  J.  A.,e.  Feb.  20, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  March  25,  1865. 

Fowler,  Henry,  e.  March  17,  1862,  rect.;  m.o.  April  22, '65. 

Gilpin,  Thos.  J.,  e.  March  8,  1862,  rect.;  died  at  Tunnel 
Hill,  Ga.,  Feb.  22,  1805. 

Highshoe,  C.  P.,  e.  Feb.  20, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  March  26, 1 865. 

Lloyd,  Aaron,  e.  Feb.  18,  1862,  rect.:  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 

March,  A.  B.,  e.  March  24,  1864,  rect.;  trans,  from  Forty- 
first  111.;  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 

McDonald,  Dennis,  e.  Feb.  24,  1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  May  21, 
1865. 

Sclosser,  Saml.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  2vi,  1865. 

SOierling,  Owen,  e.  Jan.  6,  180.5,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 

Thomi)son,  J.  A.,  e.  Jan.  20,  1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  Feb.  8,  1865. 

Young,  W.  R.,  e.  Jan.  19, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  March  23, 1865. 

Company  E. 

Montgomery,  Hiram,  e.  Jan.  4, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Julv  22, 
1865. 


604 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


Company  G. 

Capt.   Morgan   L.   Payne,  e.  Jan.   2iJ,  1862,  as  private; 

promtd.  Capt.  March  1, 1862;  resd.  June  14,  1863. 
First  Lieut.  John  A.  Anderson,  e.  Jan.  20, 1862,  as  private.; 

prmtd.   to  Second   Lieut.  March  3,  1863;  prmtd.  to 

First  Lieut.  June  14, 1803;  term  exp.  1864. 
Second  Lieut.  Geo.  W.  Hemstreet,  e.  Feb.  20,  1802,  as  pri- 
vate; prmtd.  to  Second   Lieut.  June  14,  1863;  kid. 

July  12,  1863. 
Aerl,  Enos,  e.  Feb.  25,  1862;  died  at  Savannah,   Tenn., 

April  26, 1862. 
Achehurst,  John,  e.,  Feb.  25,  1862 ;  trans,  k)  Co.  B. 
Bradfield,  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  20, 1802;  died  at  Natchez,  Miss., 

Nov.  10,  1863 
Campbell,  David  W.,  e.  Feb.  21, 1862;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  22, 

1804;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Clark,  Stephen,  e.  March  15, 1862;  died  at  Natchez,  Miss., 

Sept.  12,  1863. 
Clark,  Chas.  H.,  e.  March  18, 1862  ;  prmtd.  Q.  M.  Sergt.; 

disd.  Dec.  23,  1864. 
Coulter,  John,  e.  Feb.  20,  1862;  died  at  Corinth  June  13, 

1862. 
Cullum,  Jas.,   March  5,  1862 ;  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn., 

May  n,  1863. 
De  Lorimer,  Alphonso,  e.  March  1,  1862  ;  trans,  to  V.  R. 

C;  m.  o.  March  15,  1865. 
Eagan,  J.  M.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1862  ;  trans,  to  Co.  K. 
Evans,  J.  A.,  e.  Feb.  20,  1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Fowler,  Henry,  e.  March  20,  1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Gilpin,  T.  J.,  e.  March  8,  1862  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  9,  1864 ; 

trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Griffith,  W.  P.,  e.  Feb.  20,  1862 ;  deserted  Aug.  2,  1862. 
Hays,  J.  N.  R.  P.,  e.  Feb.  24,  1862  ;    disd.  Oct.   4,   1862, 

disab. 
Highshoe,  C.  P.,  e.  Feb.  20,  1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Hoover,  Francis,  e.  Feb.  21,  1862 ;  desrtd.  Sept.  20,  1863. 
Houghton,  Orson,  e.  Feb.  28, 1862 ;    disd.   June   6,   1862, 

disab. 
Joy,  Rodney,  e.  March  17,  1862 ;  trans,  to  Inv.  Corps. 
Lovevrell,  W.  W.,  e.  Feb.  10,  1862;  disd.  July  8,  1862, 

disab. 
Loyd,  Aaron,  e.  Feb.  8,  1862 ;  re-e.  as  vot.  Feb.  19,  1864 ; 

trans,  to  Co.  B. 
McDonald,  Dennis,  c.  Feb.  24,  1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B ;  was 

prisoner. 
McMillan,  J.  C,  e.  March  5,  1862;    disd.  May  25,  1862, 

disab. 
Morey,  Francis,  e.  Feb.  18,  1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Morton,  A.  N.,e.  Feb.  20,  1862;  died  at  La  Grange,  Tenn., 

July  4, 1862. 
Morrell,  G.  W.,  e.  March  22, 1862 ;  Corp.;  died  at  St.  Louis, 

Aug.  21,  1863. 
Schlosser,  Samuel,  e.  Jan.  20,  1862;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  21, 

1804 ;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Scott,   Mahlon,  e.  Feb.   21,   1862;    disd.  April  23,   1862, 

disab. 
Shade,  F.  L.,  e.  Jan.  22, 1862 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  22, 1864; 

trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Smith,  W.  G.,  e.  Feb.  26, 1862 ;  died  May  18,  1862. 
Springer,  Joseph,  e.  Feb.  26, 1862 ;  died  at  Vicksburg  July 

30,  1863,  wds. 
Thompson,  J.  A.,  e.  Jan  20, 1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Waters,    Alonzo,   e.  Feb.   19,  1862;    deserted    Aug.   20, 

1862. 
Wood,  J.  L.,  e.  March  1,  1862;  disd.  June  10, 1862,  disab. 
Wood,  Richard,  e.  March  18,  1862  ;  deserted  May  8, 1864. 
Young,  W.  R.,  e.  Jan.  19, 1862;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 

RECRUITS    TRANSFERRED    FROM    FORTY-FIRST 
ILLINOIS   INFANTRY. 

Gallitan,  C.  A.,  e.  Jan.  21, 1804;  m.  o.  July  22, 1865. 

Company  K. 

Eagan,  M.  J.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1862;  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
Lovewell,  W.  W.,  e.  Feb.  5,  1862  ;  trans,  to  Co.G. 
Slosser,  Samuel,  e.  Jan.  20,  1802;  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
Shade,  F.  L.,  e.  Jan.  23,  1802 ;  trans,  to  Co.  G. 
Thompson,  J.  A.,  e.  Jan.  20,  1862 ;  trans,  to  Co.  B. 
Guffy,  J.  W.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1805,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 
Morrison,  J  A.,  e.  Jan.  20,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 

RECRUITS  FROM  FORTY-FIRST  ILLINOIS  IN- 
FANTRY. 

Conklin,  Andrew,  e.  March  24, 1865:  m.  o.  July  22,  1865. 
Scott,  J.  P.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1865 ;  ra.  o.  July  22,  1865. 
Swarthout,  J.  W.,  e.  March  24, 1864;  rejected. 


SIXTY-NINTH  INFANTRY. 

(Three  Months  ) 

The  Adjutant  General's  Reports  do  not  give  any  his- 
tory of  this  regiment. 


Company  F. 

Klaine,  Hubert,  e.  June  15, 1862 ;  ni.  o.  Oct.  6, 1862. 

Company  G. 

Second  Lieut.  John  Herbert,  e.  June  14, 1862  ;  m.  o.  Sept 

27,  1862. 
First.  Sergt.  D.  M.  Lyon,  e.  June  2, 1862  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 

1862. 
Sergt,  Jos.  Ross,  e.  May  30, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Sergt.  Milton  0.  Jayne,  e.  May  28, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Sergt.  Robert  Lowery,  e.  June  2,  1862;  m.  o.'Sept.  27,  '62. 
Corp.  Isaac  Rumery,  e.  May  30,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Corp.  Elias  Corey,  e.  May  28,  1862 ;  m.o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Corp.  Henry  G.  Challis,  e.  May  28, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Corp.  Elias  H.  Banks,  e.  June  6,  1802  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Corp.  Geo.  B.  Reed,  e.  June  2,  1802  ;  m.  o  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Archer,  George,  e.  June  3, 1802;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Butterfleld,  John,  e.  May  30,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Bonner,  Jerome,  e.  June  10, 1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Bristone,  Alva  C,  e.  June  2, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Calder,  George,  e.  June  7, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Concannon,  Thos.,  e.  June  4, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862 ; 

Musician. 
Cotteral,  Jos.,  e.  June  7,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Clelland,  Wm.  H.,  e.  June  10, 1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Connery,  John,  e.  June  11,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Crabb,  Jos.  D.,  e.  June  11,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Demoss,  James,  e.  June  5,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Dragoo,  Isaac,  e.  June  6, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Davis,  Daniel,  e.  June  6,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Elithorp,  Halsey,  e.  June  11,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Graham,  Edward,  e.  June  10,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Herbert,  George,  e.  May  31,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Hinman,  Albert  H.,  e.  June  2,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Houston,  John  W.,  e.  June  6, 1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Hanneman,  Robt.  L.,  e.  June  2,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Hanneman,  Duncan  M.,  e.  June  6, 1802  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Hougue,  Wm.,  e.  June  10,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Irwin,  Jesse,  e.  June  3,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Johnson,  Robert  J.,  e.  June  10,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Kabus,  Gottlieb,  e.  June  3,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Kellogg,  Chas.  G.,  e.  June  24,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Leech,  James,  e.  June  0,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Melody,  Michael,  e.  May  30, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
McDowell,  Moses,  e.  June  2, 1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Millard,  Amos  W.,  e.  May  30,  1862  ;    m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
McClelland,  Milo  A.,  e.  June  — ,  1802 ;  disd.  June  28, 1862. 
Moore,  Jas.  J.,  e.  June  6,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Ostrander,  Geo.  H.,  e.  June  10,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Overholt,  John  F.,  e.  June  10,  1802;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Peters,  Hebner,  e.  June  4,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Pound,  John  G.,  e.  June  5, 1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Phillips,  Josiah  C,  e.  June  2,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Patterson,  Hugh  S.,  e.  June  10, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Robinson,  Hugh,  e.  June  2, 1862 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Sweet,  Fernando  C,  e.  June  2, 1862  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Sparks,  Alfred,  e.  June  2,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Shields,  Andrew,  e.  June  6,  1862  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Tibbetts,  Theo.,  e.  June  5,  1802 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  R02. 
Wilhour,  Peter,  e.  June  2,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  1862. 
Wright,  Jacob  H.,  e.  June  10,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Warner,  Jacob,  e.  June  12,  1862;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1862. 
Anderson,  Marion,  e.  June  7, 1862,  rect. 
Pitzemeyer,  Freiderich,  e.  June  2.  1862,  rect. 
Ross,  Dillard  D.,  e.  July  10, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Smock,  Isaac  U.,  e.  July  16, 1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 
Schepes,  Adolph,  e.  July  10,  1862,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  27,  '62. 


ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY- 
EIGHTH  INFANTRY. 

(100  Days.) 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-eighth  Illinois  Infantry 
Volunteers  was  organized  at  Camp  Wood,  Quinoy,  111., 
by  Col.  John  W.  Goodwin,  and  mustered  in  June  21, 1864, 
for  100  days. 

On  the  20th  July,  the  regiment  moved  to  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kan.,  and  was  assigned  to  garrison  duty.  Col.  Good- 
win commanding  post.  Maj.  Tunison,  with  Companies  C 
and  F,  occupied  the  post  of  Weston,  Mo.,  from  July  7th  to 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


605 


August  3d — Brig.  Gen.  Thomas  A.  Davis  commanding 
District  of  North  Kansas,  and  Maj.  Gen.  Curtis  commaml- 
ing  Department  of  Kansas. 

The  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  of  the 
United  States  at  Springfield,  111.,  October  14,  1864. 


Col.  John  W.  Goodwin,  e.  June  21, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  '64 

Company  F. 

Capt.  David  M.  Lyon,  e.  June  21,  1864;  m.   o.  Oct.  14,  '64 
First  Sergt.  Jos.  S.  Collester,  e.  May  7,  18C4  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 

1864. 
Sergt.  Moses  K.  McDowell,  e.   April  30, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct. 

14, 1864. 
Sergt.  Robt.  J.  Johnson,  e.  April  30,  '64;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,'64. 
Sergt.  \Vm.  H.  Cleland,  e.  April  30, 1864;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14,'64. 
Corp.  Geo.  H.  Herbert,  e.  April  30, 18()4;  disd.  Sept.  1,  '04, 

to  re-enlist. 
Corp.  Edwin  Turner,   e.   May  16, 1864,  as  private ;  disd. 

Sept.  1,1804,  to  re-enliet. 
Corp.  Hugh  Robinson,  e.  May  30, 1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  '04. 
Corp.  Nathaniel  G.  Dible,  e.   May  30, 1864  ;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14, 

1804. 
Corp.  Clias.  Hyndman,  e.  May  .30, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  '64. 
Corp.  Beiij.  F.  Myer,  e.  May  30,  1804  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Corp.  Henry  Carson,  e.  May  7,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Musician  Levi  Fames,  e.  Jlay  S,  1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Musician  Jos.  S.  Borer,  e.  May  10,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  '64. 
Allen,  Henry,  e.  May  7,  1864  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Burnes,  Francis,  e.  May  7, 1864 ;  disd.  Sept.  1, 1804,  to  re- 
enlist. 
Buck,  Willard  P.,  e.  April  30,  1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1804. 
Corney,  Alonzo  R.,  e.  May  11,  1804;  disd.  Aug.  31,  1804, 

to  re-enlist. 
Costilor,  Jas..  e.  May  7, 1804;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Clark,  Leonard,  e.  May  10,  1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Cannon,  John  F.,  e.  May  16,  1864  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Cox,  John,  e.  April  30,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Cooper,  Jas.  T.,  e.  May  7,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Errickson,  Ira,  e.  May  7, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Fleming,  Wm.  T.,  e.  May  7, 1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 18G4. 
Garner,  Wm.  G..  e.  April  30,  1804  ;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14, 1804. 
Guttcridge,  Wm.  W.,  e.  Mav  2, 1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Gould,  Erastus  L.,  e.  May  9,  1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1801. 
Houston,  John  W.,  e.  May  13,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Harris,  Thos.  T.,  e.  April  30,  1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Hendershot,  Philip,  e.  April  .30,  1804  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Houchin,  Willoughby  R.,  e.  April  30. 1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,- 

1804. 
Jacobson,  Peter,  e.  May  7, 1804  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Johnson,  Jacob,  e.  May  7, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Knight,  Henry,  e.  May  12, 1864  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Lanfear,  David,  e.  May  5,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Millington,  Irving  L.,  e.  May  19, 1864  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864, 

as  Corp. 
McCloud,  Simeon,  e.  Ajiril  30, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Maxwell,  Richard  E.,  e.  April  30,  1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  '64. 
Mason,  Alfred,  e.  May  9,  1864  ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Ostrander,  Jos.,  e.  May  20,  1804;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Preston,  Albert  AV.,  e.  May  7,  1804 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Pratt,  Lorenzo,  e.  Mav  7,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Price,  Chas.  J.,  e.  May  16,  1804  ;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Powell,  Newman  J.,  e.  May  7,  1804  :  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Pratt,  Wra.H.,  e.  May  7,  1864:  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Rigel,  John,  e.  April  30,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Smith,  Martin  P.,  e.  April  30,1864;  disd.  Sept.  1,1864,  to 

re-enlist. 
Stephens,  Wallis  D.,  e.  May  7,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,1864. 
Scott,  Morgan  D.,  o.  May  7,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Streamer,  John  V.,  e.  April  30,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Travis,  Charle,s  W.,  c.  Mav  0,  1864;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14,  1804. 
Tanscoy,  Wm.  F.  P.,  e.  April  30,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Woolverton,  Geo.  C,  <•.  April  30,  1804 ;  ni.  o.  Oct.  14,  1864. 
Coats,  John,  e.  May  7, 1804,  rect.;  absent,  sick,  at  ni.  o.,  not 

mustered  in. 
Praley,  Fred.,  e.  May  16, 1864,  rect.;  deserted  June  5,  '64. 

Company  I. 

KyRer,  Orron,  e.  May  12, 18G4;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Morr<\n,  Wm.,  e.  May  12,  1864;  m.  O.Oct.  14,  1864. 
nsburn,  Wm.,  e.  May  12, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  14, 1864. 

FIFTY-SECOND   INFANTRY. 

The  Fifty-second  Infantry  Illinois  Volunteers  was  or- 
ganized at  Geneva,  Kane  County,  111.,  in  November,  1861, 
by  Col.  J.  G.  Wilson,  and  mustered  into  United  States' 
service  Nov.  19th,  by  Lieut.  J.  Christopher. 


November  28th,  moved  with  945  men  to  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  went  into  quarters  at  Benton  Barracks.  Here,  Col. 
Wilson  resigned. 

December  8th,  the  regiment,  Lieut.  Col.  J.  S.  Wilcox 
commanding,  moved  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  January  16, 
1862,  moved  to  Cairo,  via  Palmyra,  Qiiincy  and  Missis- 
sippi River.  January  24th,  moved  to  Smithland.  Feb- 
ruary 7th,  T.  W.  Sweeny  was  commissioned  Colonel  of 
the  Fifty-second.  February  10(h,  embarked  for  Fort 
Donelson,  and  arrived  17th;  18th,  was  sent  with  pris- 
oners to  Chicago.  March  7th,  arrived  at  St.  Louis.  March 
13th,  left  for  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  20th  disem- 
barked at  Pittsburg  Landing,  and  were  assigned  to  Third 
Brigade,  Second  Division,  Col.  Sweeny  commanding 
brigade  and  Gen.  Smith  the  division. 

The  regiment  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  April  6th  and  7th,  losing  170  killed,  wounded 
and  missing — Maj.  Stark  commanding  first  day  and  Capt. 
Bowen  on  the  second.  The  regiment  was  engaged  in  the 
siege  of  Corinth,  May,  1802.  Pursued  the  retreating 
enemy  to  Booneville,  Miss.,  and  returned  to  Corinth, 
where  the  regiment  remained  until  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
October  3d  and  4th.  Was  heavily  engaged  in  this  action. 
Col.  Sweeny  commanding  the  regiment — the  loss  being 
70  killed  and  wounded.  Pursued  the  retreating  enemy 
as  far  as  Ruckerville,  and  returned  12th. 

October  I3th,  moved  to  Hatchio  River,  and  returned. 
December  9,  1862,  moved  with  an  expedition  to  Ala- 
bama. Met  the  enemy  near  Little  Bear  Creek,  drove  him 
tifteen  miles,  and  returned  to  Corinth,  arriving  14th. 
December  I'Jth,  under  command  ol  Lieut.  Col.  W^ilcox, 
left  Corinth  with  the  expedition  of  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge,  to 
intercept  Forrest.  Marched  100  miles  in  four  and  one- 
half  days,  and  returned,  weary  and  footsore. 

January  2,  1803,  moved  to  Tennessee  River  to  inter- 
cept Forrest,  as  he  had  already  crossed  at  Crump's  Land- 
ing.    Expedition  returned. 

January  26th,  moved  to  Hamburg,  Tenn.;  embarked 
on  a  little  steamer,  and  on  the  next  day  disembarked  and 
returned  to  Corinth. 

February  25th,  moved,  Maj.  Brown  commanding  reg- 
iment. Col.  Sweeny  commanding  expedition,  to  Jacinto, 
Miss.  Arrived  27th.  Remained  until  March  4th,  wlien 
it  returned  to  Corinth. 

On  the  15th  of  April,  Lieut.  Col.  Wilcox  commanding 
regiment,  moved  with  an  expedition  of  four  brigades  of 
infantry,  one  of  cavalry,  and  fourteen  pieces  of  artillery. 
Brig.  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge  commanding,  to  Northern  Ala- 
bama. Marched  to  BurnsvUle  on  the  15th ;  through 
luka  on  the  16th  ;  crossed  Bear  Creek  on  the  17th — Col. 
Cornyn's  cavalry  skirmishing  with  the  enemy. 

April  20th,  Col.  Sweeny  promoted  to  Brigadier  General; 
23d,  the  whole  force  advanced,  driving  the  enemy.  That 
night,  lay  in  line  of  battle;  24th,  moved  forward  and  en- 
tered Tuscumbia,  Ala. 

April  27th,  moved  toward  Courlland.  Met  the  enemy 
at  "Town  Creek,  and  skirmished  till  night;  28th,  gained 
possession  of  the  railroad  bridge,  ett'ected  a  crossing  and 
drove  the  enemy  three  miles;  29th,  returned,  arriving  in 
Corinth  May  2d. 

August  18th,  moved  to  Germantown,  and  regiment  as- 
signed to  guarding  railroad. 

October  29th,  moved  to  luka;  31  st,  bivouacked  three 
and  a  half  miles  east  of  luka.  November  6th,  the 
whole  left  wing  of  the  Sixteenth  Corps  moved  eastward. 
Arrived  at  Eastport  and  crossed  the  Tennessee.  Novem- 
ber 11th,  arrived  at  Pulaski,  Tenn.  Remained,  doing 
provost  duty. 

January  9th,  three-foiirths  of  the  regiment  having  re- 
enlisted,  it  was  mustered  as  a  veteran  organization. 
Started  for  Illinois,  and  arrived  at  Chicago  January  17th. 
Proceeded  to  Geneva,  Kane  County,  and  was  furloughcd 
20th. 

February  24tli,  moved  for  Pulaski,  Tenn.,  under  com- 
mand of  Lieut.  Col.  E.  A.  Bowen,  Col.  Wilcox  having  re- 
signed. Arrived  at  Pulaski  29th.  April  29tli,  in  Col.  E. 
W.  Bice's  brigade  (First  Brigade),  Gen.  Sweeny's  division 
(Second),  left  wing,  Maj.  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge,  Sixteenth 
Army  Corps,  moved  southward,  arriving  at  Chattanooga 
May  2d. 

May  3d,  1864,  commenced  the  Atlanta  Campaign.  The 
regiment  participated  in  the  t  ittles  of  Snake  Creek  Gap, 
Resaca,  Lay's  Ferry,  Rome  Cross  Roads,  Dallas,  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Nickajack  Creek,  Decatur,  July  22d  and  28ih, 
before  Atlanta  and  Jonesboro,  and  went  into  camp  at 
East,  Point. 

Septendjer  26,  1804,  the  Second  Division,  left  wing, 
Sixteenth  Army  (^orps,  was  transferred  to  Fourth 
Division,  Fifteenth  Army  Corps,  moved  to  Rome,  and,  by 
rail,  to  Cartersville;  and  from  thence  marched   to  Alia- 


606 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD, 


toona.  Arriving  too  late  for  the  battle,  it  returned  to 
Kome. 

October  llth,  Lieut.  Col.  Bowea  being  mustered  out, 
Maj.  Bojd  took  command. 

The  regiment  marched  with  the  division,  Brevet  Maj. 
Gen.  J.  M.  Corse  commanding,  to  Savannah,  Ga. 

December  18th,  the  non-veteran  officers  were  mustered 
out,  and  J.  D.  Davis,  having  received  a  commission  as 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  took  command  of  the  regiment. 

December  21st,  marched  into  .Savannah. 

January  29,  18ti5,  started  on  the  Carolinas  campaign. 
Was  present  at  the  battle  of  Bentonville,  and  arrived  at 
Goldsboro  March  24th. 

April  loth,  marched  to  Kaleigh.  Lay  at  Morrisville 
during  Johnston's  surreniler. 

Marched  via  Kiohniond  and  Alexandria,  and  was  in 
the  grand  review  at  Washington,  May  24th,  1865.  June 
2d,  moved  to  Louisville,  Ky. 

July  5th,  mustered  out  of  United  States'  service. 
Moved  to  Camp  Douglas,  Chicago,  III.,  and  received  final 
payment  and  discharge  July  12, 1865. 


in  Gen.  Banks'  Red  River  Campaign.  Was  in  siege  of 
Fort  De  Ru8sey,and  first  into  the  fort.  At  Pleasant  Hill, 
the  Fifty-eighth  crowned  itself  with  glory  by  standing  its 
ground  while  others  gave  way,  and  capturing  150  pris- 
oners, and  recapturing  a  battery  belonging  to  First  U.  S. 
Artillery.  In  this  engagement  the  Fifty-eighth  lost 
heavily.  The  Fifty-eighth  was  mustered  out  at  Mont- 
gomery, Ala.,  April  1,  1866. 


Company  D. 

Capt.  Alex,  M.  Watson,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861,  as  private;  re-e. 

as  vet.  Dec.  25.  1803 ;  prmtd.  Sergt.  then  Capt.  Nov. 

9,  1864 ;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Bristol,  Edward  S.,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25, 

1863 ;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865,  as  Corp. 
Curbey,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  10, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25,  1863 ; 

m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
ITenton,  Ephr.  T.,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25, 

If^;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Guss,  Samuel,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861. 
Hadley,  James  F.,  e.  Sept  10,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25, 

1863  ;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Hight,  Harvey,  e.  Sept.  10, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  25, 1863 ; 

m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Muncill,  George  H.,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861. 
McGinnis,  Edw.,  e.  Sept.  10,  1861. 
Rice,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Dec.  25,  1863,  as  vet.;  m.  o.  July  6,  18G5, 

as  First  Sergt.;  com.  Second  Lieut ,  but  not  mustered. 
Brooker,  Edward,  e.  Sept.  11,  1862,  rect.;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec. 

25,  1863  ;  m.  o.  July  6, 1865. 
Bristol,  F.  J.,  e.  Feb.  5,  1864,  roct.;  m.  O.July  6,  1865. 
Blown,  D.  S.,  e.  Feb.  10,  1865.  rect.;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Dickey,  J.  H.,  e.  Jan.  23,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  June  24,  1865. 
Gammon,  M.  W.,  e.  Feb.  6, 1865,  rect.;  disd.  June  20, 1865.    i 
Ingraham,  W.  P.,  e.  Feb.  3, 1863,  rect.;  m.  o.  June  9, 1865. 
Longnecker,  W.  W.,  e.  March  20,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  July 

6,  1865. 
McDowell,  Henry,  e.  March  20,  1865,  rect.;  ni.  o.  July  6, 

1865. 
McKoane,  John,  e.  Feb.  6,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  6, 1865. 
Mathews,  Wilson,  e.  March  20,  1865.  rect.;  m.  o.  July  6, 

1865. 
Roe,  Thos.,  e.  Feb.  6,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  6,  1865. 
Stott,  Emanuel,  e.  Feb.  9,  1864,  rect.;  died  at  Allatoona, 

Ga.,  June  13,  1864.  j 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS.  ' 

Ingraham,  Chas.,  e.  Feb.  24, 1865;  died  at  Camp  Butler,  111. 


FIFTY-EIGHTH   INFANTRY. 

(Consolidated.) 

Was  recruited  at  Camp  Douglas,  Chicago,  Feb.  11,  1862. 
Moved  to  Cairo  and  reported  to  Gen.  Paine  on  the  12tli. 
Proceeded  to  Smithland,  Ky.,  and  thence  to  the  vicinity 
of  Fort  Donelson,  disembarking  on  tlie  morning  of  the 
14th,  having  been  assigned  to  Third  Brigade,  Third  Divi- 
sion. Was  there  assigned  to  Second  Division  in  Gen. 
Lauman's  Brigade,  participating  in  the  battle  of  Fort 
Donelson.  Marched  to  Fort  Henry  and  embarked  in 
steamer  for  Pittsburg  Landing.  Was  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh,  and  captured  while  nobly  standing  their  ground, 
although  surrounded  on  all  sides.  After  a  horrible  im- 
prisonment of  seven  mouths,  what  were  left  of  the  noble 
regiment  were  paroled.  The  few  not  captured  partici- 
pated in  all  the  battles  of  their  command,  viz.:  siege  of 
Corinth,  battles  of  Corinth,  luka,  etc.  After  being 
paroled,  they  did  guard  duty  at  Mound  City,  Illinois. 
Jan.  21,  1864,  the  regiment  being  re-organized,  embarked 
for  Vicksburg.  Wiis  assigned  to  First  Brigade,  Third 
Division,  Fifteenth  A.  C.  Marched  to  Meridian,  Miss.; 
was  tfie  first  regiment  to  cross  the  Big  Black;  first  to  en-  , 
gage  the  enemy  at  i^ueen's  Hill,  and  first  to  enter  Meri- 
dian.    Returning  to  Vicksburg,  were  ordered  to  take  part 


Company  A. 

Corp.  Stephen  WigUtman,  e.  .Tan.  1,  1864;  m.  o.  April  1 
1866,  as  Sergt. 

Company  F. 

Corp.  Booker  Dove,  e.  March   11,1865;    absent,  sick,  at 

m.  o. 
Corp.  Francis  A.  Peters,  e.  March  3,  1865  ;   m.  o  March  3 

1866. 
Anderson,  John  T.,  e.  March  22, 1865;    m.  o.  Feb.  21,  "66. 
Benson,  John  M.,  e.  March  22,  1865 ;  m.  o.  March  21,  '66. 
Cartwright,  Robert  B.,  e.  March  22,  1865 ;    m.  o.  March 

21,  1866. 
Cartwright,  John,  e.   March   22,  1865 ;    m.  o.  June  29, 

1865. 
Darling,  Chas.,  e.  March  22. 1885 ;  m.  o.  March  21, 1866. 
Faust,  John  W.,  e.  March  22,  1865  ;   died  at  Montgomery, 

Ala.,  July  27,  1865. 
Frizzee,  John,  e.  March  22,  1865;    died  at  Montgomery, 

Ala.,  July  18,  1865. 
Hetherington,  Hiram,  e.  March  22,  1865 :    m.  o.  July  6, 

1865. 
Mercer,  Richard,  e,  March  22, 1865;  m.o.  March  21, 1866. 
Moyer.  Daniel,  e.  March  22,  1885;    m.  o.  March  21,  1866. 
Stift,  Wilson,  e.  Marcn  22,  1865:  m.  o.  March  21,  1866. 
Turner,  Chas.,  e.  March  11,  1865;  m.  o.  March  10,  1866. 
Willingbani,  J.  H.,  e.  March  22,  1865  ;    m.  o.  March  21, 

1806. 
Willingham,  Isaac,  e.  March  22,  1865;    m.  o.  March  21, 

1866. 

Con^pany  H. 

Cannon,  Henrv,  e.  March  22,  1865;    deserted  April  *, 

1865. 
O'Connor,  James  E.,  e.  March  22,  1865;    deserted  April 

8,  1865. 
Simpson.  Benjamin,  e.  March   22,  1865;    deserted  April 

8, 1865. 


SEVENTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY. 

The  Seventy-fifth  Illinois  Infantry  was  organized  at 
Dixon,  III.,  on  the  2d  day  of  September,  1862,  by  Col. 
George  Ryan. 

Ordered  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  September  27th.  Was  brig- 
aded with  Thirtieth  Brigade,  Col.  Post;  Ninth  Division, 
Gen.  Mitchnll,  of  Bue  I's  army. 

October  1st,  marched  in  pursuit  of  Bragg.  October 
8th,  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Chaplin  Hills,  losing  47 
killed,  166  wounded  and  12  prisoners.  Marched  to  Crab 
Orchard,  Col.  Woodruff  assuming  command  of  the  divi- 
sion. Returned,  via  Lebanon  and  Bowling  Green,  to 
Nashville,  Gen.  Jeff.  C.  Davis  taking  command  of  the 
divi^ioll. 

Encamped  four  miles  from  Nashville,  on  the  Lebanon 
Pike,  November  7,  1862;  since  which  time,  no  historical 
memoranda  has  been  furnithed. 

Mustered  out  June  12,  1865,  at  Camp  Harker,  Tenu., 
and  arrived  at  Chicago  June  15,  1865,  where  the  regi- 
ment received  final  payment  and  discharge. 


Q.  M. Sergt.  Chas.  W.Redfern,  e/Aug.  20, 1862,  as  private  ; 
prmtd  ;  m.  o.  June  12,  1865. 

Company  B. 

Boston,  John  A.,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  m.  o.  June  12,  1865. 
F  11..WS.  (lias,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  m.  o.  June  12,  1865. 
Green,  John  S.,  e.  Aug.  15.  1862;  trans,  to  V.  R.  C. 
Howe,  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  12,  1865. 

Company  C. 

Sergt.  Irving   W.  Hendsliaw.  e.  Aug.  — ,  1862;  died  it 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  Feb.  22,  1864. 
Bacon,  Ed-on    L.,  e.  Aug.  3,  1862;  Corp.;    trans,  to  U.  3. 

Engineers. 
Edson.  Simnel  W.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;   trans,  to  Invalid 

Corps,  Sept.  26,  1863. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


607 


<;undennan,  Wm.,  f.  Aug.  7, 1802 ;  klJ.  at  Perryville,  Ky., 

Oct.  8,  1862. 
Mason,  Tlios.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  m.  o.  June  12,  1865. 
Mftthfcw,  Robert,  e.   Aug.  7,1862;  died  at  Murfreesboro, 

Tenn..  April  11,  186:i. 
t^eeley,  Oscar  A.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  12, 18C5,  as 

Sergt. 
Schut,  (."has  ,  c.  Aug.  7,  18r.2  :  m.o.  June  12. 186'),  as  Corp. 

Company  C. 

Wliallon,  Frank,  e.  Jan.  4, 18G4,  rect.;  m.  o.  .\u)r.  1,  1.>(k">. 


.SEVENTY-SEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  mustered  into  the  Unittd  States  ser- 
vice Sept.  3,  1802.  at  Peoria,  111.  October  4th.  proceeded 
to  Covington,  Ky.,  and  was  assigned  by  Maj.  Gen.  Gor- 
don Granger  to  duty  in  the  division  commanded  by  Gen. 
A.  J.  Smith.  Marched  from  Covinjfton.  with  the  division, 
Oct.  17th,  and  reached  Lexington  on  the  29tli,  and  Rich- 
mond 2d  November.  Marched  from  thit  point  on  Nov. 
11th,  and  arrived  at  Louisville  on  the  17th. 

At  Memphis,  the  division  wa-s  re-orjjanized,  and  reported 
forduty  toMaj.  (Jen.  Sherman  ;  embarked  at  Memphis  on 
the  20th  of  Ueceaiber,  and  procefded  down  the  river  with 
Sherman's  irmy,  for  the  capture  of  Vicksburg.  Disem- 
barked in  the  Yazoo  River,  near  Chickasaw  Bayou,  on  the 
27th.  The  Seventy-seventh  occupied  the  extreme  right  of 
the  line,  and  participated  in  theattackon  the  rebel  works. 
After  four  days'  tif;htinfi.  the  attack  was  abandoned,  and 
the  army  embarked  on  their  boats  and  proceeded  to  Mil- 
liken's  Bend,  La.  At  this  pl.ace,  Maj.  (Jen.  McClernand 
arrived  and  assumed  command  of  the  army.  He  organ- 
ized it  into  two  corps — the  Thirteenth  and  Filteenth.  The 
Seventy-seventh  was  assigned  to  the  Tenth  Division, 
Thirteenth  Army  Corps;  division  commandeil  by  Gen. 
A.J.Smith,  iindCorpsl)y (Jen.  JIc(,'lernand.  Left  Milliken's 
Bend  Jan.  .5, 180.{,  aiid  arrived  at  .\rkansas  Post  on  the  10th. 
Immediately  disembarkeil,  and,  on  the  following  morn- 
ing, participated  in  the  assault.  After  a  few  hours'  hard 
fighting,  carried  the  place  by  assault,  capturing  all  it 
contained.  The  loss  to  the  regiment  here  w.as  six  killed 
and  thirty-nine  wounded — some  of  the  latter  mortally.  The 
regiment  in  this  battle  behaved  admirably,  and  was  com- 
plimented by  the  Commanding  General  for  its  gallant 
conduct. 

Jan.  14tli,  again  embarked  and  proceeded  to  Young's 
Point,  La.  On  the  last  day  of  April,  crossed  the  river  be- 
low Grand  Gulf,  and  marched  all  night,  arriving  at  Port 
Gib.^on  early  on  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  May,  and  par- 
ticipating iu  the  engagement  there  during  the  entire  day. 
The  regiment  remained  with  (<en  Grant's  army  during 
the  entire  campaign  around  Vicksburg,  and  the  siege  of 
the  latter  place  until  its  surrender. 

The  regiment  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Chimpion 
Hills,  May  17th,  Black  River  Bridge,  May  19th,  and  first 
charge  on  Vicksburg,  May  22d  and  2ad,  losing  in  these 
engagements  twenty  killed,  eighty-six  wounded  and 
twenty-six  missing.  Vicksliurg  suirendeied  on  the  4th 
of  July,  and  the  next  day  the  regiment  marched  for  Jack- 
son, with  the  army  under  Sherman.  Arrived  there  .Inly 
9th,  and  was  undertlie  fire  of  the  enemy  at  that  place 
until  the  ItHh,  when  Jackson  was  i-vacnated,  and  the 
Seventy-seventh  returned  to  Vicksburg.  Remained  in 
camp  at  Vicksburg  until  August  25th,  when  it  embarked 
for  New  Orleans,  where  it  remained  in  camp  until  Oct.  ;id. 
Atter  service  in  varion.s  parts  of  Louisiana,  they,  with 
the  rest  of  the  army  under  Gen.  Banks,  met  the  enemy  in 
force  at  Sabine  Cross  Roads  oti  the  8th  of  April,  1864,  and 
was  immediately  engaged. 

The  Seventy-seventh  belotiged  to  the  division  under 
<-ommand  of  Gen.  Ransom,  whieli  division  was  first  or- 
dered forward  to  support  the  advance  cavalry.  Before 
th''  army  could  be  brought  forward  to  their  support,  the 
whole  rebel  army  came  down  on  them  ami  overwhelmed 
the  whole  division.  In  this  engagement,  the  Seventy- 
seventh  suffered  terribly.  Lieut.  Col.  Webb  was  killed 
instantly,  by  a  musket  ball  through  the  brain,  and  170 
officersand  men  were  killed,  wounded  an<l  made  prison- 
erSj  leaving  only  about  12.')  men  in  the  regiment  for  duty. 
On  the  next  day,  Gen.  .\.  .1.  Smith's  corps  came  up,  and 
at  Pleasant  Hill  another  battle  was  fought,  ending  in  the 
complete  defeat  of  the  rebels.  The  regiment  remained 
with  (Jen.  Banks  throughout  h  s  retreatdcjwn  Red  River, 
and  until  ho  reached  the  ^Mississippi.  Here  it  was  or- 
dered into  camp  at  Baton  Rouge,  until  the  first  part  of 
August.  At  that  time,  witli  five  or  six  other  regiments, 
it  embarked  and  was  transported  to  Dauphine's  Island, 


under  the  command  of  Gen.  Gordon  Granger.  Here  it 
assisted  in  the  reduction  of  Forts  Gaines  and  Morgan, 
and  then  returned  to  Morgan/.a  Bend  on  the  Mississippi. 
In  March.  1804.  it  joined  Gen.  Canby's  army  for  the  cap- 
ture of  Mobile.  The  regiment  was  with  Gen.  Can'oy's 
army  during  the  entire  siege  and  captnreof  Spanish  Fort, 
Blakely  and  Mobile,  and  was  under  ftrednrins  the  entire 
time. 

Remained  in  camp  in  Mobile  until  July  Kith,  1865,  at 
which  time  it  was  mustered  out  of  service,  and  ordered 
to  Springfield,  111.,  for  final  payment  and  discharge, 
where  it  arrived  .Inly  23,  1H05. 

The  Seventy-seventh  Illinois,  during  its  term  of  ser- 
vice, was  engaged  in  sixtren  battles  and  sieges,  and  in 
every  one  of  them  carried  itself  with  honor  and  credit  to 
the  State. 


Company  H. 

Sergt.  Stephen  0.  Pillsburv,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862;  disd.  June 

18,  1803,  disab. 
Corp.  Thos.  R.  Clark,  e.  Aug.  9, 1862;  m.  o.  July  Id,  1866, 

as  private. 
Corp.  David  L.  Murdock,  e.  Aug.  12, 1862 ;  m.  o.  July  10, 

180.i,  as  Sergt. 
Arnett,  John,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  July  10,  1865. 
Blake,  Wm.  D.,  e.  Aug.  r,,  18t;2;  di.sd.  Feb.  21,  1803,  disab. 
Farrell,  John,  e.  Aug.  13,  1802  ;  m.  o.  July  Id,  1865. 
Hofnagle,  Ira,  o.  Aug.  11,  1802;  died  June  10,  1803,  wds. 
Howell,  John  W.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1«(;2;  m.  o.  July  lo,  1805. 
Herrick,  Flavins,  e.  Aug.  13,  1802;  disd.  Jan.  10, 1803. 
Jones,  Wm.  D.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1802;  died  at  Nicholsville,  Ky., 

Nov.  3,  1862. 
Miller,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  10, 1802;  m.  o.  July  10,  1865. 
Spandan,  .fohn  M.,  e.  Aug.  6,  1862 ;  m.  o.  June  17,  1865. 
Self,  Wm.  B.,  e.   Aug.  9,  1862;  died  at  St.   Louis  May  16, 

is6;i. 
Smith,  David,  e.  Aug.  8,  1862;  died  at  St.   Louis  Feb.  18, 

1S03. 
Swift,  Robt.  S.,  e.  Aug  8,  1862;  disd.  July  1,  1863,  disab. 
Smith,  John  M..  e.  Aug.  9,  1802 ;  m.  o.  June  17,  1865. 


OHE   HUNDRED   AND  THIRTY- 
THIRD   INFANTRY. 

(.100  Days. ) 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  Illinois  Volunteer 
Infantry  was  organized  at  Camp  Butler,  111.,  by  Col. 
Thaddeus  Phillips,  and  mustered  in  for  one  hundred 
day.i.  May  31,  1864.  On  the  3d  of  June,  imved  to  Rock 
Island  Barracks,  and  was  assigned  to  duty,  guarding 
prisoners  of  war.  The  regiment  I'erformed  the  duty 
faithfully  and  efficiently  during  its  term  of  service.  On 
the  24th  of  September,  1804.  was  mustered  out  of  service 
at  Camp  Butler,  111. 


Company  C. 

Capt.  Walton  51.  (Collins,  e.  May  :'.l,  1«04;  m.  o.  Sept.  24, 

1804. 
First  Lieut.  Wm.  H.  Carrol,  e.  May  31, 1804;  m.  o.  Sept. 

24,  1804. 
Corp.  Samuel  M.  Withite,  e.  May  9,  1804;  -tn.  o.  Sept.  24, 

1S04. 
Corp.  (Jeorge  W.  Jones,  e.  May  9, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  '04. 
Corp.  Wm.  A.  Viney,  e.  May  9,  1864 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Corp.  John  Hand,  e.  Blay  9,  1804 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Bacon,  J.  N  ,  e.  May  9, 1804;  m.  o.  Sept  24,  1864. 
Barrow,  J.  T.,  e.  May  9,  1864;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Cole,  (Jeorge,  May  9,  1804;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
(Jviswold,  F.  A.,  e.  May  9, 1804  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Jackson,  .Vdam,  e.  May  9,  1804;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Rouen,  John,  e.  May  9,  1804;  m.  o   Sept.  24,  1804. 
Sherman,  Edmond,'e.  May  9,  1804;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Smith,  J.  A.,  e.  Ma}' 9,  1804;  m.  o.  Sept.  24.1804. 
Smith,  N.  M.,  e.  May  9,  1804  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 
Whitman,  J.  H.,  e.  May  9,  1864;  m.  o.  Sept.  24,  1864. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRTY- 
FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

(100  Days.) 

The  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-fourth  Illinois  Volunter 
Infantry  was  organized  at  Camp  Fry,  (Jhicago,  III.,  by 
Col.  Waters  W.  McChesuey,  and  was  mustered  in    May 


608 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


31  1864.  for  one  hundred  days.  Left  camp  June  3d,  for 
Columbus,  Ky..  where  it  was  assigned  to  garrison  duty. 
Mustered  out  of  service  Oct.  25.  1864,  at  Chicago.  111.,  by 
Lieut.  Joseph  Horr.  Thirteenth  United  States  Infantry. 

Company  E. 

Corp.  George  Kogers,  e.  May  9, 1864;  «>•  «•  Oct.  25  1864. 
Carlisle,  Alfred,  e.  May  10, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct  2.5  1864 
Gaghuen,  Alfred,  e.  May  10,1864;  m.  o.  Oct  25  1864. 
Guipey,  J.  H.,  e.  May  14,  1864;  m  o.  Oct.  ^5,  1864 
McAllister,  Frank,  e.  May  10, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  25, 1864. 
McCormick,  Oliver,  e.  May  5, 1864;  died  at  Paducah,  Ky., 

Snow^Albert,  e.  May  16, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  25, 1864 
Streeter.  Charles,  e.  May  5, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  25, 1864,  as 

Vieux°'^Peter,  e.  May  15, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  25, 1864. 

Company  K. 

Greeley,  John,  e.  May  25, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  "25, 1864. 


ONE 


HUNDRED    AND    FIFTIETH 
INFANTRY. 

(One  Tear.) 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  C«mp  Butler,  Feb.  14th, 
and  mustered  in  Feb.  14, 1865,  for  one  year,  and  left  for 
the  Irout,  Feb.  18.  1865.  Arrived  at  Bridgeport,  Ala., 
Feb  27th,  where  it  garrisoned  Forts  Nos.  3  and  4 
and  the  block  houses  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga 
Kailroad,  from  Bridgeport  to  Cliattanooga.  Left  Bridge- 
port March  24th,  and  arrived  at  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  March 
25th  Left  Cleveland.  Mav  2d.  and  •rrived  at  Dalton, 
Ga,.  May  3d.  Left  wing  of  the  regiment  marched  to 
Spring  Place.  Ga.,  and  garrisoned  that  town  until  July 
Ist,  the  right  wing  remaining  on  duty  at  Dalton.  Left 
Daiton.  July  7th,  and  arrived  at  Atlanta.  Ga.,  July  »th, 
being  the  first  regiment  that  passed  over  the  road  since 
the  grand  march  of  Maj.  Gen.  Sherman.  Left  .\tlanta, 
August  14th,  and  arrived  at  Griffin,  Ga.,  the  same  day, 
where  it  occupied  the  Second  Sub-District,  District  of 
Allatoona,  Third  Division.  Department  of  Georgia,  as  fol- 
lows:  Companies  A  and  E.  Griffin;  Company  D.Jackson; 
CompanvC.  West  Point;  Company  F,  Newnan  ;  Companies 
B  and  G",  La  Grange  ;  Company  K,  Greenville;  Company 
H,  Franklin ;  and  Company  I.  Atlanta.  December  Slst, 
the  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  District  of  Atlanta, 
with  headquarters  at  Atlanta.  Ga. 

Mustered  out  of  service  Jan.  16,  1866.  at  Atlanta,  Ga., 
and  ordered  to  Springfield,  111.,  where  it  received  final 
payment  and  discharge. 

Company  F. 

First  Lieut.  Sylvester  B.  Miller,  e.  Feb.  14,1865;  read. 

May  15,  1865. 
Corp.  Edward.  C.  Votan,  e.  Feb.  7,  1865;    m.  o.Jan.  16, 

1866. 
Musician  Henry  Myers,  e.  Feb.  2,  1865  ;    m.   o.  Jan.   16, 

1^66. 
Wagoner  Chas.  S.  Tomes,  e.  Feb.  2,  1865 ;  m.  o.  Jan.  16, 

1866,  as  private. 
Clark,  Henry,  e.  Feb.  7, 1865 ;  m.  o.  July  24, 1865. 
Dobbs,  John,  e.  Feb.  2,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Jan.  16,  1866. 
Gibbons.  Henry  E.,  e.  Feb.  2,  1865;  m.  o.  Sept.  20,  1865. 
Hartsock.  Elias  E.,  e.  Feb.  9, 1865  ;  m.o.  Sept.  8, 1865. 
Jennings,  Jas.  T.,e.  Feb.  2,  1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  16, 1866. 
Linder,  Saml.,  e.  Feb.  2,  1865 ;  m.  o.  Jan.  16, 1866. 

Company  Ci 

Corp.  Jas.  Thomley.  e.  Feb.  1,  1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  16,  1866. 
Cummings,  John,  e.  Feb.  6, 1865 ;  m.  o.  Jan.  16, 1866. 

THIRD  CAVALRY. 

The  Third  Resiment  of  Cavalry  was  organized  at  Camp 
Butler,  111.,  by  Col.  E.  A.  Cair,  in  August,  1861.  The  reg- 
iment moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Sept.  25th.  Oct.  1st,  moved 
up  the  Missouri  River,  to  Jefferson  Citj',  and  thence 
marched  to  Warsaw,  arriving  Oct.  11th.  On  23d,  marched 
toward  Springfield,  Mo.,  in  C*.l.  Carr's  Brigade,  Brig.  Gen. 
Asboth's  Division. 

On  Nov.  2d,  Gen.  Hunter  took  command  of  the  army. 
Nov.  13th,  the  First  and  Second  Battalions  moved,  with 


the  army,  on  RoUa,  Mo.  The  Third  Battalion, Maj.  Rng- 
gles  commanding,  remained  with  Sigel's  Division,  and 
was  the  last  to  leave  Springfield.  Arriving  at  RoUa,  Nov. 
19th,  the  regiment  remained  until  Dec.  29th,  when  it 
moved  in  the  advance  of  Gen.  Curtis'  army,  for  the  South- 
west. 

On  Feb.  11th,  the  regiment,  in  Carr's  Division,  moved 
to  Marshfield ;  and  on  13th,  to  near  Springfield,  where 
the  Third  Cavalry  fought  the  first  engagement,  and  won 
the  first  victory  of  Curtis'  campaign.  On  Feb.  14, 1862, 
occupied  Springfield,  Mo.  On  the  15th,  came  up  with 
Price's  retreating  army  at  Crane  Creek,  capturing  some 
prisoners.  On  18th,  at  Sugar  Creek,  Ark.,  the  Thiid 
Battalion  participated  in  a  cavalry  charge,  routing  the 
enemy.  On  20th,  the  Second  Battalion  marched  to  Cross 
Hollows,  and,  on  March  5th.  fell  back  to  Pea  Ridge.  On 
the  6th,  the  First  and  Third  Battalions  marched  with 
Col.  A'andever's  Brigade,  from  Huntsville,  forty-eight 
miles.  On  the  7th,  the  First  and  Third  Battalions,  in 
Dodge's  Brigade,  and  the  Second,  in  Vandever's,  were 
engaged  all  day,  losing  10  killed  and  40  wounded.  March 
191^1  moved  to  Keetsville.  Lieut.  Col.  JlcCrillis  and  Maj. 
Hubbard  arrived  and  went  on  duty.  April  10th,  arrived 
at  Forsyth.  On  29th,  moved  to  West  Plains;  and  May 
1st,  started  for  Batesville,  arriving  on  3d. 

On  May  14th,  1862,  moved  to  Little  Red  River.  On 
25th,  in  crossing  White  River,  Capt.  McClelland  and  5 
men  were  drowned.  On  June  4th,  the  regiment  fell  back 
to  Fairview.  On  7th,  Capt.  Sparks,  with  66  men,  was  sur- 
rounded by  300  of  the  enemy's  cavalrj',  and  cut  his  way 
out,  losing  4  wounded  and  4  prisoners.  Returned  to 
Batesville  on  the  11th.  June  11th,  marched  to  Jackson- 
port.  Julv  5th,  moved,  with  the  army,  for  Helena,  where 
it  arrived'on  the  15th,  and  went  into  camp.  During  the 
stay  at  this  point,  detachments  of  the  regiment  were 
sent  on  scouts  and  expeditions  to  different  places,  includ- 
ing Capt  Kirkbridge's  raid  to  St.  Francis  River,  and  five 
companies  with  Gen.  Hovey's  raid  to  Grenada,  Miss.  Dec. 
23d,  1862,  six  companies,  B,  C,  D,  H,  I  and  L,  Capt.  Klrk- 
bridge  commanding,  embarked  for  Vicksburg,  under 
Maj.  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman.  Companies  E  and  G  were  on 
duty  with  Gen.  Carr,  at  St.  Louis.  Companies  A,  K,  F 
and  M,  Capt.  Camahan  commanding,  reported  to  Brig. 
Gen.  Steele,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo  River. 

At  Chickasaw  Bavou,  the  regiment  was  detailed  as 
pickets  and  escorts  "for  Commanding  Generals,  and  did 
good  service  in  the  disastrous  attack  on  Vicksburg,  Com- 
panies A,  K,  L  and  M  being  the  last  to  embark  after  the 
battle 

In  the  Spring  of  1863,  Col.  McCrillis,  with  a  battalion, 
moved  to  Memphis,  leaving  Company  L  as  escort  to  Maj. 
Gen  McClernaiid:  and  Capt.  Camahan,  with  Companies 
A  G  K  and  E,  with  Brig.  Gen.  P.  J.  Osterhaus  and  the 
Thirteenth  Corps.  This  battalion  took  part  in  the  battles 
of  Port  Gibson,  Champion  Hills,  Black  River  Bridge  and 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  Aug.  16,  1863,  reporting  to  Maj. 
Gen  N.  P.  Banks,  was  assigned  to  Brig.  Gen.  Lee's  Cav- 
alry Division,  and  took  part  in  the-"  Western  Louisiana 
campaign,  and  at  Vermilionville,  Opelousas  and  Carnon 
Crow  Bayou.  , 

In  December,  1864,  Maj.  O'Connor  took  command  of 
the  battalion,  and  it  moved  to  Port  Hudson,  and  thence 
to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  rejoining  the  regiment.      The  regi- 
ment had,  meantime,  participated  in  the  battles  of  Tu- 
'    pelo,  Okolona  and  Guntown,  Miss. 

During  the  month  of  July,  a  large  portion  of  the  regi- 
ment re-enlisted  as  veterans.  The  non-veterans,  und^r 
Maj.  O'Connor,  were  stationed,  as  garrison,  at  German- 
town,  Tenn. 

In  July,  1864,  a  portion  of  the  regiment,  Capt.  Carna- 
han  commanding,  went  on  a  scout  through  Western  Keu- 
tuckv.  Aug.  21st,  the  regiment  took  part  in  repulsing 
Gen."N.  B.  Forrest,  in  his  attack  on  Memphis.  Aug.  24th, 
the  non-veterans  having  been  mustered  out,  the  veterans 
were  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  six  companies.  Mad 
Capt.  Carnahan  promoted  to  Lieutenant  Colonel.  On 
Sept  nth,  left  Memphis.  Crossed  the  Tennessee,  at  (.lit- 
ton,  and  confronted  Hood's  army.  Fell  back,  skirmish- 
ing and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Lawrenceburg,  Spring 
Hill  Campbellsville  and  Franklin.  On  Dec.  l.^th,  in 
First  Brigade,  Fifth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  Hatch  command- 
ing was  on  the  right  of  the  army  when  it  turned  the 
enemv's  left,  and  was  first  in  the  enemy's  works.  In 
January,  1865,  the  enemy  having  been  driven  across  the 
Tennessee,  the  cavalry,  under  Gen.  Wilson,  camp^  at 
Gravelly  Springs,  Ala.,  and  in  February,  moved  to  IjHSI- 

^°In  Mav,  moved  to  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  thence  to  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  reporting  to  Maj.  Gen.  Curtis.  On  Jw  *P' 
sUrted  on  an  Indian  expedition,  over  the  plains  ot  M.m- 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


609 


neeota  and  Dakota — north  to  the  BritiBh  lines,  south  and 
west  to  Devil's  Lake  »nd  Fort  Berthold — and  returned  to 
Fort  !>nelling  Oct.  1st. 

Arrived  at  Springfield,  111.,  Oct.  13th,  1865,  and  was 
mustered  out  of  service. 


Company  B. 

Johnson,   Henry,  e.  Aug.  13,  1861  ;  ree.  as  vet.  Jan.  4, 
1864  ;  trans,  to  Co.  F,  as  consol. 

Company  K. 

First   Lieut.  Aaron  Welder,  e.  .Sept.  21,  1861;  term  exp. 

Sept.  5,  1864. 
Second  Lieut.  John  Zimmerman,  e.  Sept.  21,  1861;  resd. 

Aug.  7,  1863. 
Second  Lieut.  Byron  Phelps,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861,  as  Co.  Q.  M. 

Scrgt ;  prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  Fel>.  17,1864:  prmtd. 

to  First  Lieut.  Co.  A,  as  consol.,  March  29,  1865 ;  resd. 

May  20,  1865. 
First  Sergt.  Walter  Scott,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861  ;  disd.  April  18, 

1863,  disab. 
Sergt.  Thos.  Davis,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Sergt.  Frederick  Journt,  e.  Aug.   7,  1861 ;  disd.  July  2, 

1862,  disal^ 

Sergt.  Julius  F.  Gould,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  '64. 
Corp.  Geo.  Lynn,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864,  as 

private. 
Corp.   Henry  Hay,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861  ;  died  at  Camp  Stark, 

Mo.,  Jan.  6,  1862. 
Corp.  Jacob  S.  Tucker,   e.    Aug.  7,   1861  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5, 

18»4,  as  Sergt. 
Corp.  Meede  Baker,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  disd.  April  15,  1863, 

disab. 
Corp.  Michael  Weider,  e.  -\ug.  7,  1861 ;  died  at  Young's 

Point  Feb.  l.i,  1863. 
Corp.   Morton  A.  Pratt,  e.  Aug.  7, 1801  :  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb. 

21,  1864 ;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as  consol. 
Corp.   Geo.  H.  Thrift,   e.  Aug.  7,  1861  ;  disd.  March  28, 

1863,  disab. 

Corp.  Warren  Griswold,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861;  m.o.  .Sept.|5, '64. 
Bugler  Edward  Jones,   e.   .\ug.   7,   1861 ;  disd.  July  20, 

1862,  disab. 
Bugler  Gipson  De  Long,  e.  Aug.  7,  '61 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  '64. 
Wagoner  John  Johnson,  e.  Aug.  7,  '61 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  '64 
Baker,  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861  ;  disd.  April  6,  '62,  disab. 
Bennington,  John.   e.  Aug.  7,  18G1;  drowned  in  White 

Kiver  March  11, 1862. 
Blue,  John  L.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861;  disd.  June  19, 1862,  disab. 
Bastian,  Robt.,  e.  Aug  7,  1861  ;  disd.  Oct.  10,  1862,  disab. 
Brownson,  Gibson   B.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  ni.  o.  to  join  Ma- 
rine Brigade. 
Clark,  Lewis,  e.  Aug  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept,  5, 1864. 
Chambers,  Robert  C,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Cox,  J.  S.,  e.  Aug.  7.  1861 ;  died  at  Rolla,  Mo.,  Jan.-,  '62. 
Clarey,  Putsey,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5, 1864. 
Cook,  Robt.,  e.  Aug.  171861 ;  disd.  June  25, 1862,  disab. 
Crosby.  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  died  Feb.  1,  1863. 
Dyer,  Myron  J.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861;  deserted  Dec.  23,  1862. 
Downing,   Francis   H.,  e.   -Aug.  7,  1861 ;    deserted  April 

8,  18&3. 
Dixon,  Robert,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  accidentally  kid.  Aug. 

12,  1864. 
Felkey,  Marion  C,  e.  Aug.  7.  "61 ;  disd.  Aug.  5,  '63,  disab. 
Fillej-,  Abel  F..  e.  Aug.  7,1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Graves.  Horace,  e.  Aug.  7,  1801 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5. 1864. 
G.arner,  Moses,  e.  Aug.  7,1861;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Gibson,  Owen,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861;  disd.  Oct.  30, 1862,  disab. 
Gray,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  disd.  March  20,  '63,  disab. 
Heartley,  Geo.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Hefner,  Oscar  M.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1801 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Heartman,   Wm.,   e.   Aug.   7,  1861 :  kid.  near  Memphis, 

Aug.  21, 1864. 
Hudson,  Henry,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  disd.  June  24,  '62,  disab. 
Hays,  Byron,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  disd.  Aug.  9,  1862,  disab. 
Hoover,  John  W.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864,  as 

Co.  Com.  Sergt. 
Hefner,  Harper,   e.   Aug.  7,  1801 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864,  as 

Corp. 
Hanselman,  Christopher,   e.   -Aug.  7, 1861 ;  died  at  New 

Orleans  Aug.  27,  1863. 
Johnson,  .\bram  0.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;    died   at  Morganza, 

La.,  March  31,  1864,  wds. 
Kohn,  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Kring,  John,  e.  Aug.  7, 1801 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5, 18(i4. 
Loveless,  Edward  L.,  e.  Aug.  7,  '61  ;  deserted  April  8,  '63. 
Layton.  .Tames  A.,  e.  Aug.  7,  '61 ;  disd.  April  6,  '62,  disab. 
-Miller,  Arlington,  e.  Aug.  7,  1801  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1865. 
Macy,  Isaac  E.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  disd.  -Aug.  5,  '63,  disab. 


Macv,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  ra.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
McDowell,  James   M.,  e.   Aug.  7,  1861 ;  died  at  Helena, 

Ark.,  Sept.  13, 1862. 
Matthews,  Tliomas  J.,  e.  -\.ug.  7,  1861 ;  disd.   March  19, 

1S62,  disab. 
Ott,  Wni.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1801  ;  disd.  Oct.  31,  1862,  disab. 
Pratt,  Charles  A.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1801  ;  died  at  Young's  Point, 

La.,  Jan.  29,  1803. 
Pierre.  David,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Popejoy,  Alfreil,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  21,  '64  ; 

tniiis.  to  Co.  A,  as  consol. 
Peabody,  James  G.,  e.  Aug.  7,1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5, 1864,  as 

Corp. 
Bema.  Hiram,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Spangler,  I.  J.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  deserted  June  21,  1864. 
Spangler.  Isaac,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Spear,  Edward  H.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5, 1864. 
Steers,  Martin,  e.  Aug.  7.  1861  ;  disd.  June  25,  '62,  disab. 
Sniiw,  Freeman,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861  ;  disd.  Jan.  19,  '62,  disab. 
Smith,  Ovid,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  21,  1864 ; 

trans.  toCo.  A,  as  consol. 
Thornton,  Chas.   R.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864, 

as  Sergt. 
Thornton.  Jlilton  T.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864, 

aa  Corp. 
Timmons,  Francis  M.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  '64. 
Veatch,  Harrison  E.,  e.  Aug.  7,  1861  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1864. 
Walden,  James  H.,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  .5, 1864,  as 

Corp. 
Anderson,  Theo.  T.,  e.  Sept.  22,  1862 ;   rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 

A,  as  consol. 
Baker,  Thomas  F.,  e.  Sept.  10, 1862 ;  rect;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Bennett,  Alex.,  e.  Jan.  27, 1864;  root.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Baker.  Samuel,  e.  Sept.  10,  1802;  rect.;  died  at  Young's 

Point,  La.,  Jan.  25,  1863. 
Costello,  Karan,  e.  Aug.  13,1862;  rect.;  disd.  Feb.  4, 1863; 

disab. 
Cowen,  William  C,  o. ;  rect.;  trans  to   Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Carrier,  Peter,  e.  Jan.  25, 1864 ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.   A,  as 

consol. 
Caswell,  Charles  D.,  e.  Jan.  11,  18^;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 

A,  as  consol. 
Cook,  or  Cork,  Theo.,  e.  Jan.  4, 1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  A,  as 

consol. 
Crouch,  Thomas  A.,  e.  Jan.  11,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 

A,  as  consol. 
Dingman,  Zachary,  e.  Jan.  11,1864;  rect;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Davis,  Adolphus  W.,  e.  Jan.  4, 1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Dye,  William  H.  H.,  e.  Jan.  27, 1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 

A,  as  consol. 
Davis,  .Jasper,  e.  Sept.  23, 1861;  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  5,  1804. 
Elliott,  Jesse  T.,  e.  Jan.  25,  1804 ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Finigan.  Arthur,  c.  Jan. 11, 1864 ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Harder,  Hudson  R.,  e.  Jan.  11, 1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Hill,  John  R.,  e.  Dec.  29,  1863;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Killbury,  Thomas  C,  e.  .Tan.  25, 1864 ;  rect,;    trans,  to  Co. 

A.  as  consol. 
Kemp,  John  H.,  e.  Feb.  21,  1864;  rect.;  traus.  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 

Lamb,  John,  e.  ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A.  as  consol. 

Loveless.  Loren  T.,  e.  Jan.  25,  1864 ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 

Mc.Mlen,  Alex.,  e. ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as  consol. 

Morey,  John  C,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

consol. 
Nichols,  Benjamin  F.,  e.  Jan.  28, 1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 

A,  as  consol. 
Pratt,  William  L.,  e.  Aug.  16,  1862 ;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Paris,  Sylvester,  e.  Jan.  11, 1864;  rect.;    trans,  to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Perrv.  George,  e.  Oct.  18,  1862  ;  rect.;  kid.  at  Vicksburg 

June  16,  1863. 
Qnaif,  George  N.,  e.  Jan.  5, 1864;  rect;  trans,  to  Co.  Jm,  as 

consol. 
Richards,  James  S.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864;  rect;  trans  .to  Co.  A, 

as  consol. 
Ruddv,  Harrison,  e.  Sept  11, 1861 ;  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept  5, 

1864. 
Russell,  Jerome  W.,  e.  Sept  25,1862;  rect;  died  at  Ba- 
ker's Creek,  Miss.,  July  23,  1863. 


610 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


Reynolds,  Orison  S.,  e.  Sept.  1, 1862  ;  rect.;  died  at  Mem- 
phis March  17,  186:5. 

Stinson,  Edward  A.,  e.  Sept.  1,  1862;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 
as  coiisol. 

Stull,  John,  e.  Aug.  15, 1862;  rect.;  trans,  to  A,  as  consol. 

Smith,  Eugene,  e.  Jan.  11,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 
consol. 

Smith,  James  W.,  e.  Jan.  25,  1864;  rect ;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 
as  consol. 

Tucker,  Moses  B.,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862;  rect.;  died  at  Mem- 
phis May  28,  186.3. 

Veatch.  John  N.,  e.  Nov.  23,  1861 ;  rect.;  disd.  Jan.  24,  '63, 
disab. 

Veatch,  Rufus  R.,  e.  Sept.  1, 1862;  rect.;  died  at  Young's 
Point,  La.,  Jan.  24,  1863. 

Van  Wormer,  William,  e.  Jan.  25,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to 
Co.  A,  as  consol. 

Warner,  Morris  H.,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co. 
A,  us  consol. 

Wenger,  Reuben,  e.  Jan.  26,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 
as  consol. 

Williams,  Daniel,  e.  .Jan.  25,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A, 
as  consol. 

Young,  James  L.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  A,  as 

CODSol. 

Zuch,  Thos.,  e.  Jan.  6, 1862 ;  rect.;  tirans.  to  Co.  A,  as  consol. 

UNASSI6NED  RECRUITS. 
Cummings,  William  F.,  e.  Jan.  27, 1864. 


three  battalions  were  separate  and  remote  from  each 
other,  and  so  e.xtended  were  their  (jaovements  that  it  is 
impossible  to  follow  them  in  this  brief  sketch.  They 
seem  to  have  been  all  over  Missouri  after  Price's  and  Jeff. 
Thompson's  guerrilla  bands,  following  them  in  Kansas 
and  Arkansas,  doing  most  efficient  service. 


(Consolidated.) 

Company  A. 

First  Lieut.  Byron  Phelps,  e.  as  Second  Lieut.  Feb.  17, 

1864;    prmtd.  to  First  Lieut.  March  29,  1865;  resd. 

May  20,  1865. 
Bohan,  James,  e.  Dec.  18, 1864;  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  10, 1865. 
Colon,  William,  e.  Jan.  23,  1865;  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,1865. 
Dunham.Chas.  H.,  e.  Jan.16,1865;  rect.;  ra.  o.Oct.10,1865. 
Gilbert,  Edward  W.,  e.  Oct.  17, 1864 ;  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  10, 

1865. 
Spendlove,  Edward,  e.  .Tan.  16,  1865 ;  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  10 

1865. 

Company  C. 

Company  Com.  Sergt.,  e.  Feb.  4,  1865;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1865. 
Bower,  James,  e.  Feb.  18,  1865;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1865. 
McCloud,  James,  e.  Jan.  23, 1865;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1865. 

Company  H. 

First  Sergt.  William  II.  Mills,  e.  Feb.  27,  1865;  m.  o.  Oct 

10,  1865. 
Sergt.  Adam  Drury,  e.  Feb.  27,  1865 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  18fi5. 
Rale,  Charles,  e.  Feb.  24, 1865:  m.  o.  Oct.  in,  1865. 
Rale,  Case,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865 ;  deserted  July  4,  1865. 

Company  K. 

Taylor,  Freeman  H.,  e.  March  21,  1865;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  '65 


SEVENTEENTH  CAVALRY. 

The  Seventeenth  Regiment  Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry 
was  organized  under  special  authority  from  the  War  De- 
partment, issued  Aug.  12,  186:_i,  to  Hon.  John  F.  Farns- 
worth.  '1  he  rendezvous  was  established  at  St.  Charles, 
Kane  County,  Illinois.  By  the  approval  of  the  Governor 
of  the  Stato,  the  Colonelcy  of  the  regiment  was  offered  John 
L.  Beveridge,  then  Major  in  the  Eighth  Illinois  Cavalry, 
who  assumed  the  work  of  recruitment  and  organization, 
and  opened  the  rendezvous  Nov.  15,  1863.  Eight  com- 
panies were  mustered  in  Jan.  22,  1864.  Four  other  com- 
panies were  mustered  in  and  the  organization  of  the  regi- 
ment completed  Feb.  12,  1864.  The  regiment  was  sent  to 
Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.,  where  1,1U0  sets  of  horse  equip- 
ments were  received.  From  there  it  moved  to  Alton,  111., 
and  relieved  -he  Thirteenth  Illinois  Cavalry  in  guarding 
the  Military  Prison  at  that  place. 

Early  in  June  following,  the  First  Battalion  was  ordered 
to  St.  Louis,  and  the  Second  Battalion  followed  immedi- 
ately. Both  being  fully  mounted,  were  ordered  at  once 
to  North  Missouri  District.  The  First  Battalion,  Lieut. 
Col.  Dennis  J.  Hynes  commanding,  proceeded  to  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.,  where  the  commanding  officer  reported  in 
person  to  Gen.  Fisk,  commanding  District  of  North  3Ii8- 
souri  The  Second  Battalion,  IMajor  Lucius  C.  Matlack 
commanding,  was  assigned  by  Gen.  C.  B.  Fisk  to  the  post 
at  Glasgow,  Mo.     From  this  period,  for  four  months,  the 


Company  A. 

First   Lieut.    Byron    Hayes,   e.   Nov.  26,  1863,  as  Sergtt 

prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  May  6,  1864  ;  prmtd.  to  First 

Lieut.  July  8.  1864;  resd.  Nov.  17,  1864. 
Farrier  Thomas  E.  Wilson,  e.  Dec.  15, 1863  ;  m.  o.  July  8, 

1865. 
Farrier  Edward  L.  Wilson,  e.  Dec.  23,  1863;    m.  o.  Deo 

15,  1865. 
Armstrong,  Francis,  e.  Dec.  23, 1863 ;    disd.  Jan.  26, 1866, 

to  date  Dec.  15,  1865. 
Akehurst,  Henry,  e.  Dec.  31, 1863;  m.  o.  Dec.  15, 1865,  as 

Sergt. 
Brown,  Wm.  A.,  e.  Dec.  30, 1863;    m.  o.  Dec.  15, 1865,  as 

Corp. 
Brown,  Geo.  W,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864;    died  at  Weston,  Mo., 

Aug.  31, 1864. 
Cox,  Henry  C,  e.  Dec.  25, 1863 ;  died  at  Pontiac,  111.,  Aug. 

21,  1864. 
Fletcher,  Isaac,  e.  Dec.  23,  1863;    Sergt.;  deserted  Oct.  25, 

1865. 
Garner,  Samuel  W.,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863;    m   o.  Dec.  15, 1865, 

as  Sergt. 
Hopkins,  Elliott,  e.  .Ian,  18,  1864 ;    m.  o.  Sept.  15, 1865,  as 

Saddler. 
Johnson,  Oliver,  e.  Dec.  23, 1863  ;    m.  o.  Sept.  15,  1865,  a« 

Sergt. 
Latonsette,  John  H.,  e.  Dec.  26,  1863 ;    died  at  Weston, 

Mo.,  Oct.  30, 1864. 
McLaughlin,  Michael,  e.  Dec.  25,1863;  disd.  Jan.  26, 1866, 

to  (late  Dec.  15,  1865. 
Milham,   Henry,  e.  Dec.  25,  1863;   disd.  Jan.  26, 1866,  to 

date  Dec.  15,  1865. 
Pile,  Amos  L.,  e.  Dec.  30,  1863 ;  deserted  June  22,  1865. 
Sampson,  Peter,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864;  m.  o.  Dec.  15,  1865. 
Settle,  William,  H.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864;  m.  o.  Dec.  15,  1865,  aa 

Sergt. 
Winslow,  Charles,  e.  Jan.  2. 1864,  rect.;    deserted  July  2, 

1864. 

Company  D. 

Capt.  John  Herbert,  e.  Dec.  24, 1863,  as  Sergt.;    prmtd.  to 

Second  Lieut.  Dec.  1,  1864;    prmtd.  to  First  Lieut. 

March  28,  1865 ;  prmtd.  to  Capt.  May  10, 1865 ;    m.  o. 

Dec.  20,  1865. 
Dame,  Alfred,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863:   m.  o.  Dec.  20,  1865,  as 

Corp. 
Garner,  Jerome   P.,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864;    Sergt.;    died  at  Ft. 

Larned,  Kas:,  Oct.  24,  1865. 
McCawley,  Franklin,  e.  Dec.  26,  1863;  m  o.  Dec.  20,  1865. 
Quinn,  Decker,  e.  Dec.  7,1863;  m.  o. 'Dec.  20,  1865. 
Robinson,  Ransom,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863;    deserted  June  27, 

1864. 
Robinson,  Alonzo,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863;    deserted  June  27, 

1864. 
Royle,  Wm.,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863;  m.  o.  Dec.  20, 1865. 
Royle,  Jas.,  e.  Dec.  28,  1863;    died  at  Pontiac,  111.,  July 

19,  1864. 
Robinson,  James  G.  M.,  e.  Dec.  28, 1863  ;    deserted  Feb. 

15,  1864. 
Warren,  Shadrach,  e.  Jan.  2, 1864 ;    m.  o.  Dec.  20, 1865,  as 

Corp. 
Dike,  Jer.,  e.  March  19,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Dec.  20,  1866. 
England.  Ren.,  e.  .Jan.  23,  1864,  rect.:  m.  o.  May  18. 1865. 

Estabrook,  Geo.  A.,  e. ,  rect.:  deserted  July  14,  1864. 

Farago.  Daniel  E.,  e.  Jan.  16.  1864;    m.  o.  Dec.  20, 1865,  s(t 

First  Sergt. 
Frederick,    Martin   V.,  e.  .lau.  26,   1864;    dishonorably 

discharged  JIarch  17,  1865. 
Horton,  Fenl.,  e.  Jan.  28,  1864,  rect.;    ileserted  Nov.  18, 

1864. 
Miller,  John,   e.  Jan.  15,  1864,  rect.;    Farrier ;  deserted 

Sept.  28,  1865. 
Newton,  Warren  D.,  e.  Jan.  28, 1864,  rect.;    died  at  Odell, 

ni.,  Oct.  27, 1864. 

Company  E. 

Gower,  Truman   M..  e.  Feb.  1.  1864,  rect.:  died  at  Alton. 
111.,  July  1.3,  1864. 

Company  C. 

Gipaon,  Isaac,  e.  Dec.  2-5.  1863:  deserted  April  20,  1864. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


611 


Company  K. 

Wcver,  David  M.,  e.  Dec.  26,  1863;    trans,  from  I2th  III. 
■  Tav.;  m.  o.  Dec.  22,  1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Prfston,  W.  S.,  e.  Oct.  14, 1864. 
Stone,  Chas.,  p.  Oct  14, 1864. 


€0(iSWELL'S     BATTERY.     LIGHT 
ARTILLERY. 

CogswelPs  Battery  Illinois  Light  Artillery  was  organ- 
ized at  Ottawa,  111.,  by  (apt.  William  Cofiswell,  and  was 
mustered  in,  Nov.  11,  1861,  as  Company  A,  .Vrtillery, 
Fifty-third  Illinois  Volunteers,  Col.  Cushman  command- 
ing the  regiment. 

On  Fel).  28tli,  I.Sia,  moved  to  Chicago,  111.,  and  on  March 
17th,  it  was  detached  from  the  regiment,  and  moved  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  On  April  8,  embarked  for  Pittsburg  Land- 
ing. Was  assigned  to  duty  in  Third  Division,  .\rmy  of 
Tennessee,  Brig.  Gen.  Lew  Wallace  commanding.  Par- 
ticipated in  advance  on  Corinth, and  from  thence  marched 
to  Memphis,  Tenn.,  arriving  .Tune  14,  1802.  On  Nov. 
■iiOlh,  was  assigned  to  Filth  Division,  Brig.  Gen.  J.  W. 
Denvc-r  commnnding,  and  marched  with  Gen.  Sherman's 
expedition  toward  Vicksburg.  On  the  return  of  Sher- 
man's army,  the  battery  moved  with  McPhersun's  army 
to  the  Yaconapatalfa  River,  and  afterward  marched  to 
<iran<l  Junction,  arriving  ,Ian.  9,  lS6;i. 

March  8,  1863,  moved  to  La  Grange.  On  June  4th, 
moved  to  Memphis,  and  embarked  for  Vicksburg.  Par- 
ticipated in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  On  Sept.  28th,  em- 
barked for  Memphis.  On  11th  October,  marched  from 
Memphis,  and  Nov.  2:id  and  24th,  participated  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Mission  Ridge. 

April  20,  1864,  moved  to  Nashville.  On  Dec.  1.5  and  16, 
1S64,  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Lieut. 
McClary,  commanding.  Marched  to  Pulaski,  Clifton  and 
East  port. 

On  Feb.  5,  1865,  embarked  for  New  Orleans.  From 
March  28th  to  April  8th,  was  engaged  with  the  Sixteenth 
Corps  in  operations  against  Spani^h  Fort,  Ala.  Moved 
thence  to  Blakely,  and,  after  its  capture,  to  Blontgomery, 
Ala.  July  28,  1865,  ordered  to  Springfield,  111.  Mustered 
out  Aug.  14,  1865. 

The  battery  was  in  the  service  three  years  and  nine 
months,  and  has  marched  over  7,500  miles,  and  partici- 
pated in  seven  sieges  and  battles. 


Corp.  Charles  Lawnsberry,  e.  Nov.  22, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Dec.  3, 

1864,  as  Sergt.,  term  ex. 
■Compton,  W.  J.,  e.  Nov.   12,  1.861 ;   re-e.  as  vet.  Sept.  17, 

1864;  m.  o.  Aug.  14,  1865. 
Compton,  J.  F.,  e.  Nov.   16,  1861 ;    m.  o.  Nov.  20,  1864, 

term  ex. 
Campbell,  J.  W.,  e.  Dec.  5,  18C1;   kid.  by  railroad  acci- 
dent near  La  Grange,  Tenn.,  Jan.  29,"  1863. 
Davis,  James,  e.  Nov.  12,  1861 ;  disd.  Julv  16,  1863,  disab. 
Evans,  Benj.,  e.  Oct.  23,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Sept.  17,  1864 ; 

m.  o.  June  5,  1865. 
Fogle.  George,  e.  Feb.  16,1862;  re-e.  as  vet.  Sept.  17,  1864; 

m.  o.  June  5,  1865. 
■Gebboiis,  Michael,  e.  Nov.  12,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  2, 

1864;   m.  o.  Aug  14,1865. 
Kyser,  Timothy,  e.  Nov.  7,  1861 ;    re-e.  as   vet.  Sept.   17, 

1864:  m.  o.  June  5,  1865. 
Lehman,  Wm.,  e.  Nov.   12,   1861;    m.  o.   Nov.  20,  1864, 

term  ex. 
Morgan,  James  P.,  e.  Nov.  30, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Nov.  20,  1864, 

term  ex. 
Pratt,  L.  D.,  e.  Dec.  1, 18C1 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  27, 1864  ;  m. 

o.  Aug.  14,  1865. 
Pratt,  V.  S.,  e.  Dec.  1,  1861 ;  re-e.  as   vet.  Sept.   17,   1864  ; 

m.  o.  June  5,  1865. 
Ray,  or  Wray,  Robert,  e.  Jan.   11,  1862;  died  at  Mem- 
phis Sept.  14,  1862. 
Swarthout,  J.  P.,  e.  Nov.  12,  1861  ;  deserted  Sept.  22, 1864. 
Swartiiout,  Orramus,  e.  Nov.  12, 1861 ;  re-e.  as.  vet.  Jan. 

2,  18fi4;  Artificer;  died  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  July  11, 

1865. 
Sawyer,  John,  e.  Nov.  27,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  2,  1864; 

m.  o.  Aug.  14,  1865,  as  Sorgt. 
Sawyer,  A.  J.,  e.  Dec.  I,  1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Sept.  17.  1864; 

m.o.  Aug  14,  186.5. 
Boatman,  Stephen,  e.  March  7,  1S62,  rect.;  desrtd.  May  26, 

1862,  in  face  of  the  enemy. 


Olezott,  John,  e.  Feb.  18,  1862,  rect.;  trans,  to  V.  R.  0. 

May  1,  1864. 
Graham,  J.  E.,  e.  Jan.  19,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  14,  1865. 
Hills,  N.  F.,  0.  .Ian.  21,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o   Aug.  14,  1865. 
Harper,  G.  W.,  c.  Jan.  19,  18(;4,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  14,  1865. 
Ide,   Sherman,   e.   Jan.   19,   1864,    rect.;    m.  o.   May    27, 

1865. 
Lelar,  Henry,  e.  Jan.  23, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  14,  1865, 

a.s  Q.  M.  Sergt. 
Morgan,  Charles,  e.   Feb.   19,  1863,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  14, 

1865,  a4  Sergt. 
Morgan,  Nathan,  e.  .Tan.  21,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  -14,  '65. 
Matson,  George,  e.  Jan.  22,  1864,  rect.;  kid.  at  Huntsville, 

Ala.,  April  11,  18(i4. 
Pembrook,  J.  W.,  e.  Jan.  22,  1864,  rect.:  m.  o.  Aug.  14,  '65. 
Scoville,  S.  L.,  e.  .Jan.  4,  1864,  rect.;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Singer,  W.  A.,  e.  Jan.  25,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  A>ig.  14,  1865. 
Tompkins,  Thomas,  e.  Jan.  25,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  14, 

1865. 
Wilson,  Charles,  e.  Jan.  21,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  .Vug.  14,  '65. 

1805. 


MISCELLANEOUS  INFANTRY 


SEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

Companies  C  and  I  Consolidated  as 
Company  I. 

Cooper,  Robt.  T.,  e.  Oct.  2ii,  1804,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  9,  1865. 
Woods,  J.  W.,  c.  Nov.  21,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  9,  1865. 

Company  K. 

Dryon,  Isaac  W'.,  e.  Feb.  20,  1864,  rect.;  deserted  June  23. 

1864. 
Pattkin,  Levi,  e.  Feb.  27,  1865,  rect ;  m.  o.  .Tuly  9, 1865. 

UNASSIGNED   RECRUITS. 

Henderson,  Chas.,  e.  Oct.  20, 1864. 

Wilkes,  Daniel,  e.  Jan.  12, •1865;  m.  o.  Aug.  23, 1865. 


EIGHTH   INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Barns,  J.  A.,  e.  Jan  17,  1865,  rect ;  m.  o.  Jan.  16,  1866. 
Houck,  Jacob,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Jan.  16,  1866. 

Company  B. 

RECRUITS,  DRAFTED  MEN  AND  SUBSTITUTES. 
Heart,  Robt ,  e.  Jan.  10,  1805;  m.  o.  Jan.  9, 1866. 
Heart,  Richard,  e.  Jan.  10,  1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  9,  1866. 
Vording,  Chas.,  e.  Jan.  17, 1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  16, 1866. 
Zwissler,  J.  D.,  e.  Jan.  10,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Jan.  9, 1866. 

Company  C. 

Plank,  W.  W\,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Jan.  16,  1866. 

Company  H. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Wooden,  John,  e.  Oct.  19,  1864,  sub.;  m.  o.  Oct.  19, 1865. 

Company  K. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Washabaugb,  Henry,  e.  Sept.  27,  1864;  m.  o.  Sept.  26,  '65. 
West,  J.  F.,  e.  Oct.  3, 1864,  sub.;  m.  o.  Oct.  2,  1865. 
William,  Jas.,  e.  Oct.  5, 1864,  sub.;  m.  o.  Oct.  4, 1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Jones,  Benj.  T.,  e.  .Tan.  24,  1865;  deserted. 

McEwin,  David,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865;  m.  o.  June  13,  1865. 


TENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Howard,  W.  H.,  e.  Sept.   22,  1804;  assigned  Nov.  9,  1864; 
never  reported. 


612 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


ELEVENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Angle,  Enoch,  e.  Sept.  1,  1861 ;  died.  Aug.  16,  1864,  term 
expired. 

Company  O. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUIT. 
Dean,  J.  K.,  e.  Sept.  23, 1864 ;  m.  o.  July  14, 1865. 

Company  K. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Hopkins,  W.  M.,  e.  Sept.  23, 1864;  m.  o.  July  14, 1865. 
Jones,  A.  D.,  e.  Sept.  23,  1864;  m.  o.  June  28,  1865. 
John,  Aaron,  e.  Sept.  22, 1864 ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Brussels,  Thos.,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865. 
Russell,  Thos.,  e.  Feb.  24, 1865. 

TWELFTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Atwood,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;  kid.  at  Ft.  Doneleon  Feb. 

15,  1862. 
Bailey,  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  9, 18U1 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1.   1864: 

m.  o.  July  10,  1865. 
Clover,  John,  e.  Aug.  1,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864 ; 

m.  0.  July  10,  1865. 
Drake,  Sidney  W.,  e.  Sept.  15,  18C1 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864 ;  ni.  o.  July  10,  18C5. 
Kinline,  John,  e.  Sept.  3,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864 ; 

m.  o.  July  10,  1865. 
O'Neil,  Edward  F.,  e.  Aug.  31, 1861. 
Ryder,  Squire  E.,  e.  Sept.  13,  1861,  disd,  Sept.  12,  1864. 
Wimple,  Albert  A.,  e.  Aug.   1,1861;   re-e.  a.s  vet.  Jan.  1, 

1864;  m.  o  July  10,  1865. 
Haynor,  Tobias  C,  e.  Jan.  1,  1864,  vet;  m.  o.  July  10,  '65. 
Pease,    Sidney  B.,  e.  Jan.  1,  1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  July  10,  '65, 

as  Sergt.;  com.  as  1st  Lieut.,  but  not  mustered. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Street,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  23,  1864 ;  m.  o.  May  31,  1865. 

Company  C. 

Umphenonr,  Jacob,  e.  Feb.  29, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  10, 
1865. 


(Three  months.) 

Company  B. 

Pence,  Sidney  B.,  m.  o.  July  25,  18C1. 

THIRTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Wells,   Horatio,  e.  May  24,  1861 ;  m.  o.  June  18, 1864,  as 
Corp. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Drake,  Caleb,  e.  Jan.  4,  1864. 

FOURTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Dwever,  David,  e.  May  25, 1861;  kid.  in  R.  R.  collision 
Jan.  29,  1863. 

FOURTEENTH  RE-ORGANIZED 
INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Corp.  J.  R.  Maddox,  e.  Feb.  28, 1865;  m.  o.  Aug.  8,  1865. 
Davis,  James  E.,  e.  March  1,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  18,  18G5. 
Norris,  Jos.  C,  e.  March  1,  1865;  m.  o.  Sept.  16, 1865. 
Raney,  Jno.  R.,  e.  March  1, 1865  ;  deserted  June  27, 1865. 
Eichey,  Jas.  0..  e.  Feb.  28,  1865  ;  m.  o.  May  18,  1865. 
Stoneycypher,  L.  C,  e.  Feb.  28, 1865;  m.  o.  June  7, 1865. 
Stoneycypher,  John,  e.  Feb.  28.  1865  ;  m.  o.  Aug.  8,  1865. 


Company  F. 

McCormack,  James  H.,  e.  April  11,  1865,  rect.;  deserted 
May  25, 1865. 


FIFTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  D. 

Sergt.  Aaron   C.   Perry,  •.  Mav  24,  1861 ;  trans,  to  Inv 

Corps  Sept.  28,  1863 ;  m.  o.  May  24,  18ii4. 
Musician   Nathaniel   F.  Andrew,  e.  May  24,  1861 ;  died 

Nov.  8,  1802. 
Andrews,  Robert  K.,  e.  May  24, 1861 ;  disd.  Aug.  23, 1861, 

disab. 
Bliss,  John  D.,  e.  May  24,  1861;  disd.  Dec.  17  1862,  disab. 
Gould,  Ed.  6.,  e.  May  24, 1861 ;  disd.  Dec.  13, 1862,  disab. 
Haskins,  Orville  T.,  e.  Mav  24,  1861. 
Meyers.  Wm.  H.  H.,  e.  May  24, 1861 ;  disd.  Nov.  22, 1862, 

disab. 
Towelle,  Thos.,  e.  May  24,  1861  ;  died  Oct.  14,  1861. 
Pelton,  Addison  G.,  e.  Sept.  8, 1861 ;  died  Dec.  6,  1862. 


SIXTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Penfield,   Artemus,   e.   Nov.  27,  1863,  rect.;  trans,  from 

129th  111.;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865. 
Weatherwax,  Henry,  e.   Feb.  18,  1864,  rect.;  trans,  from 

129th  111.;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865. 

Company  C. 

Aker,  George  W.,  e.  Jan.  18, 1865 ;  trans,  from  129th  III. 
Inf.;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865. 

Company  I. 

Funk,  James  R.,  e.  Dec.  17,  1863,  rect;  trans,  from  129th 

111.;  m.  O.July  8,  1S65. 
Hayes,  James  A.,  e.  Dec.  17,  1863,  rect.;  trans,  from  129th 

111.;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865. 


EIGHTEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Rubenacker,  Joseph,  o.  Dec.  15,  1863,  vet.;  m.  o.  Dec.  16, 
1865,  from  Co.  C  of  18th  111.,  re-organized. 


TWENTY-SIXTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Jefferson.  Wm.,  e.  Nov.  1,  1861,  rect.;   died  at  New  Mad- 
rid, Mo.,  April  18,  1862. 

TWENTY-EIGHTH  INFANTRY. 

(Consolidated.) 

Company  F. 

Atchison,  Jesse,  e.  Feb.  25,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Feb.  25,  '66. 

Company  K. 

Corp.  Isaac  Hale,  e.  March  18, 1865 ;  m.  o.  March  22,  '66. 
Bruce,  Cyrus,  e.  March  18,  1865;  m.  o.  March  15,  1866. 
Breidenstein,  Chas.,  e.  March  18,  1865 ;  m.  o.  May  11,1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Booker.  Dove,  e.  March  11. 1865  ;   m.  o.  July  6, 1865. 

TWENTY-NINTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Mott,  William  H.,  e.  Nov.  16,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  6, '65. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


613 


THIRTY-FIRST  INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Anderson,  Henry,  e.  Oct.  14,  1864,  sub.;  m.  o.  June  19,  '65. 

Company  C. 

DRAFTED  AKD  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 

Fraley,  Frederick,  e.  Sept.  30,  1864,  sub.;   m.  o.  May  29, 
1865. 

THIRTY-SECOND  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 

Dufield.    Galand,  e.  Sept.  23,  1864,  drafted ;    m.  o.  June 
3, 1865. 

Company  H. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Stroud,  Ezra,  e.  Oct.  18,  1864 ;  m.  o.  May  25,  I860. 

THIRTY-FOURTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Bunley,  J.  M.,  e.  Sept.  7,  1861. 
Durstin,  J.  E.,  e.  Sept.  7,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  7, 1864. 
Durstin,  Harvey,  e.  Sept.  7,  1861  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  7, 1864. 
Duntin,  Jacob,  e.  Aug.  27,  1862,  rect. 

Company  E. 

McCarty,  Jeremiah,  e.  Sept.  18, 1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  17, 1864. 

THIRTY-SIXTH   INFANTRY. 
Company  G. 

Gould.  Wm.,  e.  Aug.  19, 1861 ;  Corp.;  died  Jan.  11,  1863, 
of  wds. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Howard,  Alrah,  e.  Oct.  4, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  8,  1865. 

Company  I. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 
Shankland,  Robert,  e.  Oct.  18,  1864,  sub.;  m.  o.  Oct.  18,  '65. 

FORTY-FIRST  INFANTRY. 
Company  D. 

Koonce,  John,  e.  July  30, 1861 ;    died  at  Evansville,  Ind. 
July  3, 1862. 

FORTY-FIRST  INFANTRY,  VET- 
ERAN BATTALION. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Brazen,  Henry,  e.  .Ian.  10,  1865. 
Conklin,  Andrew,  e.  March  24,  1865  ;  trans,  to  Co.  K,  53d 

111.  Inf. 
Disney,  Jos.,  e.  Jan.  20, 1865. 
Gruffy,  John  W.,  e.  Jan.  20,  1865 ;    trans,  to  Co.  K,  53d 

111.  Inf. 
Morrison,  Jas.  A.,  e.  Jan.  20,  1865;    trans,  to  Co.  K,  53d 

111.  Inf 
Marsh,  Alonzo  B.,  e.  March  24,  1865;  trans,  to  Co.  K,  53d 

111.  Inf. 
Smith,  Alf.  L.,  e.  Jan.  11, 1865. 
Scott,  Joseph  P.,  6.  Jan.  20,  1865;    trans,  to  Co.  K,  o.3d 

III.  Inf. 

FORTY-SIXTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Hays,  David,  e.  Oct.  1, 1861;  died  at  Pittsburg  Landing 

April  9,  1862. 
Bnissells,  Thos.,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865,  rect. ;  trans,  from  11th 

111. ;  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 


Company  A. 

Buck,  Willard  P.,  e.  Aug.  10,  1861 ;  disd.  April  19,  1862, 
disab. 

FORTY-SEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

(Consolidated.) 

Company  E. 

Sergt.  Jas.  Haley,  0.  Feb.  28,  1865 ;    deserted  March  14, 

1865 ;  second  desertion. 
Dunnigan,  John,  e.  Feb.  28, 1865  ;  deserted  March  6, 1865. 
Hanley,  Jas.,  e.  Jan.  27,  1865 ;  deserted  March  6,  1865. 
Ryan,  Martin,  e.  Feb.  28,  1865 ;  deserted  March  17,  1865. 
Scott,  Wni.,  e.  Feb.  28,  1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  21,  1866. 

FORTY-EIGHTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Coram,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Sept  14, 1861 ;  died  at  Savannah,  Tenn., 
Nov.  28,  1862. 

FIFTIETH  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Birdsall,  Guy  W.,  e.  Aug.  20,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1864. 
Gayhart,  Leo,  e.  Aug.  20,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  27, 1864. 
Lewis,  Slater,  e.  Aug.  20,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864; 

m.  o.  July  13,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Leach,  Matthew,  e.  Sept.  9, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1, 1864  • 

m.  o.  July  13,  1865,  absent,  sick. 
Manuel,  John  L.,e.Sept.  9, 1861  ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.l.  1864- 

m.  o.  July  13, 1865. 
Nichols,  Moses,  e.  Sept.  12,  1861 ;    died  at  Quincv.  Ill 

Nov.  9,  1862.  ■' 

Reed,  Wm.  G.,  e.  Sept.  9,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864 ; 

m.  o.  July  13, 1865,  as  Sergt. 

FIFTY-FIRST   INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Rubsamer,  Henry,  e.  Nov.  18, 1861. 

Saunders,  John,  e    Nov.  14,  1861 ;  re-e.   as   vet   Dec   24 

1863 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  25,  1865,  as  Sergt. 
Sentell,  Michael,  e.   Oct.  27,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec  24 

1863  ;  m.  o.  Aug.  8,  1865;  was  prisnr. 
York,  Troyet,  e.  Nov.  7,  1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  24,  1863  • 

kid.  at  Franklin,  Tenn.,  Nov.  30,  1864. 

Company  B. 

Abbott,  Albert  G.,  e.  Jan.  31,   1862;  disd.   Feb.  "28,  1865, 
term  expired. 

Company  E. 

Yunt,  Harrison,  e.  Nov.  5,  1861 ;    disd.   March  18,  1862, 

disab. 
Yunt,  Silas,  e.  Nov.  5,  1861 ;    disd.  Jan.  16,  1865,   term 

expired. 
Yunt,  Stephen,  e.  Nov.  5, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Dec.  24, 1863 ; 

m.  o.  Sept.  25, 1865,  as  Sergt. 

FIFTY-FOURTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Parsons,  J.  C,  e.  Jan.  16, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  15, 1865. 

FIFTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Corp.  Myron  Wheeler,  e.  Aug.  5,  1861 ;  disd.  Dec.  25,  '64 
Hendryx,  L.  P.,  e.  Aug.  5,  1861;  died  at  St.  Louis  April 

17.  1863.  ^ 

Hendrjx,  Timothy,  e.  Oct.  14,  1801 ;  deserted. 
Wheeler,  Wm.,  e.  Oct.  7, 1861;  deserted. 

Company  G. 

Wheeler,  Jos.,  e.  Jan.  23,  1864,  vet.;  Corp.;  desrtd.JuneSO, 

1864. 

Company  I. 

Corp.  Thomas  Adams,  e.  Aug.  7, 1861. 
Peters,  Peter,  e.  Oct.  5,  1861;  re-e.  a-s  vet.  Jan.  14,  1864; 
m.  o.  Aug.  14, 1865. 


i 


614 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


FIFTY-SIXTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  H. 

Karnes,  A.  V.,  e.  Dec.  29,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  12, 1865. 
Matherly,  Wm.,  e.  Dec.  29, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  12,  '65. 

FIFTY-EIGHTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  A 

Graber.  Michael,  e.  Oct.  1,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Feb.  7,  1865. 
Wightman,  Stephen,  e.  Nov.  1, 1861;    re- e.  as  vet.;   trans. 

to  Co.  A,  as  consol. 
Ward,  John,  e.  Nov.  1, 1801 ;  deserted  Feb.  11, 1862. 

Company  D. 

Johnson,  Wm.  W.,  e.  Dec.  30, 1801 ;  died  at  Camp  Doug- 
las, Feb.,  1862. 

Johnson,  Geo.,  e.  Dec.  30,  1861;  m.  o.  Feb.  7,1865. 

Dayton,  Jas ,  e.  Jan.  20,  1862,  rect.;  wd.  at  Shiloh,  April 
6, 1862 


FIFTY-NINTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Fielding,  Edward,  e.  Dec.  5, 1863,  vet.;    kid.  at  Kenesaw 
Mt.,  June  27,  1864. 

Company  F. 

Armstrong,  Geo.  D.,  e. ,  rect.;    disd.  Nov.  28,  1862, 

disab. 

Company  I. 

BECRUITS  TRANSFERRED  FROM  EIGHTY-NINTH 
ILLINOIS  INFANTRY. 

Johnson,  Wallace,  e.  Nov.  8, 1863 ;  missing  in  action  Aug. 
3, 1864 ;  not  heard  of  since. 


SIXTY-FIRST  INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Atkins,  Bartlett.  e.  Feb.  10,  1865,  rect;    m.  o.  Sept.  8, 

1865. 
Young,  Francis  M.,  e.  Feb.  16, 1865.  rect.;    m.  o.  Sept.  8, 

1865. 


Company  C. 

NSFERRED  FROM 
jLINOIS   INFANTR 
Porter,  Julius  P.,  e.  March  8, 1865 ;  m.  o.  Sept,  8, 1865. 


RECRUITS  TRANSFERRED  FROM   EIGHTY-THIRD 
ILLINOIS   INFANTRY. 


Company  i. 

RECRUITS  TRANSFERRED   FROM  EIGHTY-THIRD 
ILLINOIS  INFANTRY. 

Shofer,  Robert,  e.  March  8,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  8,  1865. 
Singleton,  J.  R.,  e.  March  4, 1865 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  8, 1865. 
Singleton,  Allen  P.,  e.  March  4, 1865 ;   m.  o.  Sept.  8,  1865. 
Sturgeon,  John,  e.  March  8,  1865 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  8, 1865. 


SIXTY-SECOND  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Corp.  Elisha  Strang,  e.  Jan.  15,  1862 ;    re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  1, 

1864;  trans,  to  Co.  B,  as  consol. 
Corp.  Joseph  Gralton,  e.  Jan.  15,  1862;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  1, 

1864 ;  trans,  to  Co.  B,  as  consol. 
Hubbard,  Jas.  C,  e.  Jan.  15,  1862 ;  died  at  Memphis  Sept. 

26,  1863. 
Hudson,  Francis,  e.  Jan.  15, 1862 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  1, 1864; 

trans,  to  Co.  B,  as  consol. 
Johnson,  Mills,  e.  Feb.   1,1864,  vet;  trans,  to  Co.  B,  as 

consol. 

Company  E. 

Capple,  John,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865,  rect ;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  as 
consol. 


Company  I. 

DRAFTED  AND  SUBSTITUTE  RECRUITS. 

Hildebrand,  Alvies,  e.  Feb.  17,  1865;   sub.;  trans,  to  <>j . 
G,  as  consol. 

SIXTY-SECOND  INFANTRY. 

(Consolidated.) 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Hill,  Jamos,  e,  Feb  24,  1865. 
Mellow,  James  M.,  e. ;  rejected  and  dischargeil. 

SIXTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Waldrick,  Franklin  0.,  e.  March  12,  1862;  re-e.  as  vet 
Maj^ch  31, 18M;  trans,  to  Co.  B,  as  consol. 

SIXTY-EIGHTH   INFANTRY. 

(Three  Months.) 

Company  F. 

Desvoignes,  Alfred,  e.  June  11,  1862. 
Hill,  Robert,  e.  June  5,  1802. 
O'Connor,  Roger,  e.  June  11, 1862. 
Vieux,  Peter,  e.  June  5,  1862.      ' 

Company  C. 

Schneider.  John,  e.  June  12,  1802. 

Company  K. 

Corp.  Lysander  B.  Young,  e.  June  2, 1862. 

SEVENTY-FIRST  INFANTRY. 

(Three  Months.) 

Company  D. 

Sergt.  Jesse  Elliott,  e.  July  4, 1862. 

Corp.  Garrison  Bowen,  e.  July  2,  1862. 

Adams,  Alonzo,  p.  July  19,  1862. 

Cannon,  John,  e.  July  19,  1862. 

Chase,  Wm,,  e.  July  — ,1862;  died  at  Mound  City,  III.. 

Sept.  16,  1862. 
Fogleman,  Fredrick,  e.  July  16, 1862. 
Frazier,  Alex.,  e.  July  19, 1862. 
Irving,  Jas.  0.,  e.  July  19,  1802. 
Longworthv,  Phineas  T.,  e.  July  19,  1862. 
Mahona,  Edward,  e.  July  19,  1802. 
Pnjllips,  Oregon  H.,  e.  July  18,  1862. 
Rowley,  Judson,  e.  July  17,  1802. 
Robinson,  Devias  A.,  e.  July  19,  1802. 
Stoddard,  Bela  M.,  e.  July  19, 1862. 
Vanevormer,  Wesley,  e.  July  15, 1862. 
Warrick,  John,  e.  July  15,  1802. 

SEVENTY-SECOND  INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Naugles,  Wm.  H.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862;   kid.  at  Vicksbura; 

May  22,  1863. 
Naugle.  John  F.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862 ;  m.  o.  Aug.  7, 1865. 

Company  C. 

Bacon,  Madison,  e.  Aug.  — ,  1862 ;    kid.  at  Vicksburg  May 
22,  1803. 

SEVENTY-NINTH    INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Armontrout,   Wm.   H.,  e.  July  19,1802;  m.  o.  June  li, 
1805,  as  Sergt. 

Company  E. 

Robison,  Henry,  e.  July  30,  1802;  trans,  to  19th  U.S.  Inf. 
Dec.  7, 1862. 


WAR  HI8T0RY  AND  RECORD. 


615 


ETGHTY-THIRl)   INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Porter,  (ieo.  W.,  e.  March  8,  18G5;  rect.,  trans,  to  Co.  G, 

Gist  111    Inf. 
Porter,  Julius  I'.,  e.  March  8,  1865  ;  rect.,  trans,  to  Co.  G, 

61st  111.  Inf. 

Company  H. 

Palmer,  FrcU.  R.,e.  Aug.  12,  ISG'Z;  died  at  Fort  Donelson, 

Nov.  25,  1862.       . 
Shafler,  Rubt.,  e.  March  8.  1865;  rect.,  trans,  to  Co.  I,  6l8t 

111.  Inf. 
Singleton,  Albert  P.,  c.  March  4,  1865  ;  rect..  trans,  to  Co. 

I,  61st  111.  Inf. 
Singleton,  Jos.  R.,  e.  Marcli  4,1865;  rect.,  trans,  to  Co.  I, 

61st  111.  Inf. 
Sturgeon,  John,  e.  March  8,  1865;  rect.,  trans,  tn  Co  I, 

Gist  111.  Inf. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

Brought,  Albert,  c.  Marcli  8,  1865;  ni.  o.  June  13,  1865. 
Coy,  Henry  M..  e.  March  S.  1865 ;  ni.  o.  May  11.  1865. 

NINI]TY-FIRST   INFANTRY. 
Company  K. 

Bower,  Leonard,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  ni.  o.  July  12,  1865. 
Meng,  -John  C,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862;  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Pridgen,  Wiley  E.,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  July  12, 1865, 

as  Corp 
Ranev,  W.C.  e.  Aug.  7,  1862;  died  Nov.  20,  1864. 
Speelman,  John.  e.  Aug.  11,  1862  ;  m.  o.  July  12, 1865. 
Tanner,  .las.,  e.  Aug.  11,  18<i2:  m.  o.  July  12. 1865. 

ninety-sf:venth  infantry. 

Company  F. 

Dodson,  Eme/.iah,  e.  Jan.  17,  18(^5;  rect.,  trans,  to  37th 

111.  Inf. 
McStaunton,  John  B..  e.  Jan.  17,1865 ;  rect.,  trans  to  37th 

111.  Inf. 

ONE  HUNDREDTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  D. 

Scott,  A.  C,  e.  Jan.  6.  1865  ;  rect.,  trans,  to  51st  111.  Inf. 

ONE  HUNDRED    AND    FIRST 
INFANTRY. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Jett,  Elisha,  e.  Jan.  13,  1865. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  THIRD 
INFANTRY. 
Company  B. 

Arringdah,  Francis,  e.  .\ug.  20,  18G2 ;  ra.  o.  June  21,  '65. 
Pepitt,  W'm.,   e.  Aug.  14,  18G2 ;  kid.   at   Mission   Ridge 
Nov.  25,  18G3. 

ONE  HUNDRED   AND   FOURTH 
INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Rush,  Nicholas,  e.  Aug.  14,  1SC2;  disd.  Jan.  63,  '6,  disab. 

ONE   HUNDRED  AND   SIXTH 
INFANTRY. 

Sergt.  Bernard  J.  Bettelheini,  e.  Aug.  10,  1863  ;  resd.  Dec. 
28. 1863. 

Company  C. 

Robs,  Daniel,  e.  Feb.  28, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  12,  1865. 

Company  F. 

Carr.  Wni.,  e.  Feb.  25,  18t;5,  rect.;  ni.  o.  July  12,  1866. 


ONE    HUNDRED   AND    SEVENTH 
INFANTRY. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Flick,  Albert  P.,  e.  Nov.  12,  1863 ;  trans,  to  65th  111.  Inf. 

ONE   HUNDRED    AND   EIGHTH 
INFANTRY. 
Company  A. 

Washburn,  Ed.,  e.  Oct.  4,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  5,  1865. 

Company  E. 

Palmer,  Andrew  J.,  e.  Jan.  17,  18C5,  rect.;  deserted  Feli. 
27, 1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Clayton,  Wm.  N.,  c.  Jan.  12,  18G5. 
Carlton,  James,  e.  Jan.  17, 1865. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  ELEVENTH 
INFANTRY. 
Con^pany  I. 

Cole,  Leonard,  e.  Aug.  15,  1862;  m.  o.  June  7,  1865. 
French,  Jos.,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862  ;  m.  o.  June  7,  1865. 
French,  Kendrick,  e.  Aug.  14,  1862;  m.  o.  June  7,  1865. 


ONE     HUNDRED  AND    THIR- 
TEENTH INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Scott,   Milford  A.,  e.  Nov.  18,  1863,  rect.;  trans,  to  120th 
111.  Inf.;  prisr.  war. 

ONE     HUNDRED     AND     FOUR- 
TEENTH  INFANTRY. 
Company  C. 

Prather,  W.  B.,  e. ,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  3,  1865,  as  Corp. 

Company  H. 

Campbell,  R.,  e.  Jan.  5,  '65,  rect.;  trans,   to  58th  111.  Inf. 
Thomas,  C,  e.  Jan.  6,  1865,  rect.;  trans,  to  58th  111.  Inf. 

Company  I. 

Hanson,  R.  J.,  e.  Jan.  14,  '05,  rect.;  trans,  to  58th  111.  Inf. 
Sidner,  J.,  e.  Jan.  12,  1865,  rect  ;  trans,  to  58th  Ml.  Inf. 
HoUinger,  Chas.  W.,  e.  March  14,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  May 
11,  1865. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  SIXTEENTH 
INFANTRY. 
Company  F. 

Williams,  G.  W.,  e.  Sept.  25,  1862  ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Yapp,  Seneca,  e.  Aug.  11,  1862 ;  deserted  Oct.  30, 1862. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  SEVEN- 
TEENTH INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Shards,  Lemuel,  e.  Aug.  14,  1.sg2;  died  at  Memphis  Nov. 
20,  1862. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY- 
SECOND  INFANTRY. 
Company  E. 

Kuch,  Wm.   E.,  e.  Jan.   18,  1805,  rect.;  trans,  to  33d  111. 
Inf.,  wd. 


616 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


ONE    HUNDRED    AND    TWENTY- 
THIRD   INFANTRY. 

Company  C. 

Winterment,  Leonard  D.,  e.  Jan.  24, 1865,  rect.;  trans,  to 
61st  111.  Inf. 

ONE    HUNDRED    AND    TWENTY- 
FIFTH  INFANTRY. 

Company  D. 

McDonald,  Aaron,  e.  Aug.  10,  1862;   disd.  May  4,  1863' 
disab. 


ONE   HUNDRED  AND  TWENTY- 
SEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

Company  D. 

Atkinson,  Kobert,  e.  Aug.  13, 1862;  m.  o.  May  31, 1865, as 
Corp. 


ONE     HUNDRED    AND     THIRTY- 
FIRST   INFANTRY. 

Company  D. 

Sergt.  Wyatt  Brooksheer,  e.  Aug.  12,  1862 ;  trans,  to  Co. 
A,29tli  111.  Inf. 


ONE   HUNDRED   AND   THIRTY- 
SECOND  INFANTRY. 

(100  Days.) 

Company  B. 

Jones,  El  wood,  e.  May  12,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  17,  1864. 
Joyce,  M.  H.,  e.  May  9,  1864 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  17, 1864. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FORTY- 
FIRST  INFANTRY. 

(100  Days.) 

Company  K. 

Bulard,  Alonzo,  o.  May  1,  18G4 ;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1864. 
Gardner,  Alonzo,  o.  May  1, 1864;  m.  o.  10, 1864. 
Green,  Clias.  J.,  e.  April  30,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  10, 1864. 
Hill,  Chas.  L.,  e.  May  10, 1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  10, 1864. 
James,  John  H.,  e.  May  1,  1864 ;  ra.  o.  Oct.  10,  1864. 
Leach,  Nathan  H.,  e.  May  17, 1864  ;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1864. 
Pike,  Ezra  G.,  e.  May  17,  1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  10,  1864. 
Stowell,  Oscar,  e.  May  2,  1864:  m.  o.  Oct.  10, 1864. 

ONE    HUNDRED    AND   FORTY- 
FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Company  F. 

Holmes,  Andrew  J.,  e.  Sept.  15, 1864;  m.  o.  July  14,  1865. 

Company  C. 

Adams,  Edward,  e.  Sept.  16, 1864;  trans,  to  121st  Ohio  Inf. 

as  a  deserter  from  that  regiment. 
Adams,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  16,  1864;  trans,  to  12l8t  Ohio  Inf., 

as  a  deserter  from  that  regiment. 
Hicks,  John  W.,  e.  Sept.  10,  1864 ;  m.  o.  July  14,  1865. 
Kinser,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  15,  1864;  m.  o.  July  14,  1865. 
Stevenson,  Wm.,  e.  Sept.  15, 1864;  m.  o.  July  14,  1865. 
Ambrose,  M»rris,  e.  Oct.  10,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  14,  '65. 


ONE    HUNDRED    AND    FORTY- 
FIFTH  INFANTRY. 

(100  Days.) 

Company  A. 

Sergt.  Isaac  Hughson,  e.  May  21, 1864 ;  died  at  BolU,  Mo., 

Aug.  10, 1864. 
Corp.  Thos.  Roper,  e.  May  21,  1864  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  23,  1864. 
Corp.  Saml.  M.  Hues,  e.  May  21, 1864 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  23, 1864. 

Company  K. 

Ramsey,  Jas.  W.,  e.  May  26,  1864;  m.  o.  Sept  23,  1864. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FORTY- 
SEVENTH  INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Company  B. 

Hawes,  Geo.  B.,  e.  Feb.  1, 1865  ;  ni.  o.  Jan.  20, 1866. 

Company  G. 

Peterson,  Jos.  H.,  e.  Feb.  9, 1865 ;  m.  o.  Jan.  20,  1866. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FORTY- 
NINTH  INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Col.  Wm.  C.   Kueffner,   e.   Feb.  15,  1865;    prmtd.  Brevet 
Brig.  Gen.  March  13,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Jan.  27, 1866. 

Company  A. 

Sergt.  Rufus  W.  Parks,  e.  Feb.  1,  1865;  m.  o.  Jan.  27, 
1866,  as  First  Sergt. 

ONE    HUNDRED   AND  FIFTY- 
SECOND   INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Company  A. 

Doss,  Saml.  H.,  e.  Feb.  11,1865;  m.  o.  Sept.  11,1865,  aa 
Sergt. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY- 
FOURTH  INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Company  C. 

Corp.  John   Davis,  e.  Feb.  16,   1865;    private,  deserted 

Feb.  25,  1865. 
Ellison,  Geo.,  e.  Feb.  15,  1865 ;  m.  o.  May  22,  18G5. 
Hammel,  Simon,  e.  Feb.  15, 1865  ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Marlow,  James  A.,  e.  Feb.  17,  1865;  m.  o.  Sept.  1, 1865. 
Peyton,   Silas,   e.   Feb.  15,  1865  ;   died  at  Murfreesboro, 

Tenn.,  April  3,  1865. 
Petei-s,  Jacob  I.,  e.  Feb.  15,  1865  ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Short,  Alfred,  e.  Feb.  17,  1865;  m.  o.  May  20,  1865. 

ONE  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY-FIFTH 
INFANTRY. 

(One  Year.) 

Company  D. 

First  Lieut.  Thomas  J.  Hamilton,  e.  as.  Sergt.  in  Co.  G, 
Feb.  20,  1865;  prmtd.  Com.  Sergt.;  prmtd.  totirst 
Lieut.  Co.  D,  Aug.  8,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  4, 1865. 

Company  C. 

Bell,  Waterman,  e.  Feb.  21.  1865 ;  m.  o.  Sept.  4,  1865,  as 

Guppy,'jo9iah,  e.  Feb.  21,  1865  ;    m.  o.  Sept.  4,  1865. 
Murphy,  John,  e.  Feb.  23,  1865  ;  deserted  March  2, 1865. 
Ox,  John,  e.  Feb.  24,  1865  ;  deserted  March  2,  1865 
Palmer,  Jos.  J.,  e.  Feb.  21, 1865  ;  m.  o.  Sept.  4, 1805. 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


619 


CAVALRY. 


SECOND  CAVALRY. 
Company  L. 

liounsbury,  Guy  F.,  e.  Aug.  ,">,  1861 ;  m.  o.  Aug.  11,  1864. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Miner,  Chas.,  e.  Oct.  17,  1864,  vet.;  disd.  May  21,  1865. 

FOURTH   CAVALRY. 
Company  A. 

Wilson,  James  M.,  e.  Dec.  2, 1863*;  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  C,  as 
ronsol. 

Company  B. 

Briscoe,  Francis  M.,  e.  Sept.  4,  1863 ;  rect.;  tram,  to  Co.  B, 
as  coDSol. 

Company  E. 

Noe,  George  E.,  e.  Sept.  20,  1861 ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 

Company  H. 

Bnitke,  Gust.,  p.  Feb.  14,  1864,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  as 

cousol. 
Flick,  Danl.  W.,  e.  Feb.  11. 1864,  rect ;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  as 

consol. 
Oa^enicb,  Ernest,  e.  Feb.  14, 1864,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  E,  as 

consul. 

Company  I. 

KhDiinke,  Ernst,  e.  Nov.  18, 1863,  rect.;  died  at  Natchez, 
Miss.,  June  19, 1864. 


FOURTH   CAVALRY. 

(Consolidated.) 

Company  B. 

Hall,  R.  A.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1S65,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  I,  Twelfth 
Illinois  Cavalry. 

FIFTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  C. 

Bote,  Chas.  e.  Dec.  10, 1861 ;  disd.  Oct.  1, 1862,  disab. 

SIXTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  A. 

King.  T.  R.,  e.  Feb.  17,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.,  Nov.  5,  1865. 
Milos,  Jas.  A.,  e.  Feb.  17,  1865,  rect. 

Company  D. 

Obapman,  Jos.,  e.  Feb.  28,  1805,  r»>ct.;  m.  o.  Nov.  5, 1865. 

Company  F. 

Arnold,  Michael,  e.  Feb.  16,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  5, 1865. 
Brush,  Jonathan,  e.,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  17,  1865. 

Company  L. 

Burns,  Conda,  e.  March  11,  1805,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  5,  1865. 
Porter,  J.  H.,  e.  March  11,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  5, 1865. 
Scndmore,  Jos.  B.,  e.  March  11,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  5, 
1665,  as  Sergt. 


SEVENTH   CAVALRY. 
Company  C. 

Beam,  S.  D.,  e.  Dec.  10,  1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  4,  1865. 
Fox,  A.  F.,  e.  Dec.  10, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  4, 1865. 


EKJHTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  A. 

Hall,  Lewis,  e.  Nov.  4,  1S64,  rect.;  deserted  July  2,  1865. 

Company  H. 

Barberry,  Peter,  e.  Dec.  7,  1863,  rect.;  m.  o.  July  17,  1865, 
as  vet. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUIT3. 
Hall,  Louis,  Nov.  4,  1864. 

NINTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  A, 

Cleland,  S.  D.,  e.  Jan.  1,  1804,  vet.;  m.  o.  March  16,  1865. 
Webster,  G.  P.,  e.  Jan.  ,1,  il864,  vet.;  prmtd.  Sergt.,  then 
Second  Lieut. 

Company  B. 

Williams,  Robert,  e.  Jan.  19, 1865,  rect.;  deserted  July  19. 
1865. 

Company  D. 

Hartwick,  Uriah,  e.  Oct.  4, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  24, 1865, 

to  date  Oct.  3,  1865. 
Sinclair,  Alex.,  e.  Oct.  4, 1864,  rect.;  m.  o.  Oct.  24,  1865. 

Company  K. 

Murray,  Wallace,   e.  Oct.  21,  1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  .Ian.  1, 

1864;  m.  o.  Oct.  31,  1805,  as  Corp. 
McKay,  Jos.,  e.  Oct.  24,  1861 ;  trans,  from  Co.  D.;  trans. 

to  Co.  L. 

Company  M. 

Corp.  Daniel  P.  Clark,  e.  Jan.  1, 1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  Aug.  15, 

186^ 
Guiles,  Nelson,  e  .Tan.  1,  1864,  vet.;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865,  to 

date  May  30,  1865,  prisr.  war. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Swartout,  Jas.  M.,  e.  April  7, 1864. 

TENTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  M. 

Sparks,  Alfred,  e.  Jan.  5,  1864,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  C,  as 
re-organized. 

ELEVENTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  B. 

Clark,  David,  e.  ,Ian.  2ti,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  30, 1865. 

Company  C. 

Russell,  Geo.,  e.  Feb.  25,  m)r>,  rert.:  ni.  o.  Sept.  30,  1865. 

Company  O. 

Hart,  Lewis  C,  e.  Jan.  2:5,  1804.  vet.:  m.  o.  Sept.  30, 1865, 
as  Corp. 

Company  H. 

Reed,  John  W.,  e.  Jan.  18,  1805.  r.,ct.;  m.  o.  Sept.  30,  1865. 

Company  L. 

Judd,  Harrison  T.,  e.  March  14, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  30, 
1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 

King.  Wm.  E.,  e.  Jan.  4, 1864 ;  died  at  Camp  Butler,  HI. , 

Feb.  9, 1864. 
Wilcox,  Harmon  H.,  e.  March  14, 1865. 
Wilson,  Geo.  W.,  e.  Jan.  5,  18t)5. 


620 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


TWELFTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  F. 

C.apt.  Henry  L.  Reans,  e.  Dec.  31,  1861,  as  First  Lieut.; 

prmtd.  to  dipt.  June  28,  1862;  resd.  June  2,  1864. 
Duncan,  Jas.  F.,  e.  Oct.  7,  1861 ;   re-e.  as  Tet.  Nov.  10, 

1863 ;  trans,  to  Co.  F,  as  consol.  _ 

Morns,  Wm.,  e.  Oct.  7, 1861 ;  disd.  April  1,  1862,  disab. 
Pitchford,  Grannis,  e.  Oct.  7, 1861. 

Simmons.  Daniel  A.,  e  Oct.  7,  1861 ;  disd.  May  2o.  1862. 
Skaggs,  Thomas,  e.  Oct.  7,  1861.  „   ,„„„ 

Wilkerson,  Wm.,  e.  Oct.  7,  1861 ;  deserted  June  15, 1862. 
Maher,  Patrick,  e.  Nov.  10,  1863,  vet.;  trans,  to  Co.  F,  as 

consol. 

Company  C. 

Second  Lieut.  John  M.  Eussell,  e.  Dec.  30, 1861,  as  Corp.; 

prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  March  3%  1864 ;  trans,  to  Co. 

E,  consol.;  resd.  June  11, 1865. 
Bugler  Jos.  Hitz,  e.  Dec.  24,  1861 ;  disd.  Nov.  1,  1864. 
Kinline,  Valentine,  e.  Feb.  10,  1862. 
Sutherland,  Wm.,  e.  Dec.  24, 1801.  ,  „  ^  „«  -.cc^ 

Whalon.  Thos.,  e.  Dec.  24, 1861;  re-e.  as  vet.  Feb.  29, 1864; 

trans,  to  Co.  E,  as  consol. 

Company  L. 

Vandel,  Abram,e.  Dec.  22,  1863;  trans,  to  Co.  G,  as  consol. 


FOURTEENTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  B. 

Sergt.  Peter  Reising,  e.  Sept.  18,  1863;    wd.  and  captd. 

July  31,  1864 ;  not  heard  from  since. 
Sergt.  John  Molitor,  e.  Sept.  19, 1862;  trans,  to  V.  R.  C, 

Oct.  1,  1863. 
Ehmi,  Anthony,  e.  Dec.  1, 1862;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
Forrer,  John.  c.  Sept.  20,  1SC2;    captd.  July  31, 1864;  not 

heard  from  since. 
Hierniier,  John,  e.  Sept.  9,  1862;  m.  o.  July  8,  1865, 

prisr.  of  war. 
Mechmel.  Henry,  e.  Oct.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  .Tuly  31, 1865. 
Munk,  John,  e.  Oct.  2,  1862;  m.  o.  March  25,  1863. 
Peters  Helmer,  e.  Sept.  20, 1862;  deserted  March  25, 1863. 
Shott,  Jchn,  or  Joseph,  e.  Sept.  25,  1862;  disd.  June  23, 

1865,  disab. 
Sausfans,  Jacob,   e.  Sept.  25,  1862;   disd.  May    1-,  1864, 

disab. 
Shramm,  Fred.,  e.  Sept.  18,  1862;  disd.  May  30,  1863, 

disab. 

Company  K. 

Curry,  Nathan  G.,  e.  Sept.  14,  1862;  disd.  July  2,  1863. 
Connery,  John,  e.  Oct.  7,  1862;  deserted  March  24,  1863. 
Kime,  Wister  G.,  e.  Nov.  15, 1862  ;  disd.  July  2, 186.5. 
Pratt,  Augustus  G.,  e.  Dec.  1,  1802;  disd.  Jan.  9,  1864,  as 

Ridley,  Jas.,  e.  Sept.  14,  1862;    kid.  at  Tullatown,  N.  C, 

Feb.  2, 1864. 
Smith,  L.  B.,  e.  Dec.  7, 1862;  m.  o.  Aug.  19, 1865. 
Gleason,  Albert  H..  e.  Feb.  9,  1864,  rect.;   m.  o.  July  31, 

1865,  as  Sergt. 


FIFTEENTH   CAVALRY. 


ARTILLERY. 


Company  L. 


Merriman,  Geo.,  e.  Feb.  10, 1862 ;  trans,  to  10th  111.  Cav., 

as  consol. 
McFadden,  John,  e    Sept.  4, 1862,  rect.;  trans,  to  Co.  F, 

loth  111.  Cav.,  as  consol. 


SIXTEENTH  CAVALRY. 
Company  B. 

Sanders,  Wm.  G.,  e.  Oct.  11,  1801. 
Trjden,  or  Spiden,  J.  H.,  e.  July  21,  1861. 

Company  Nl. 

Mussey,  Pulaski,  e.  Aug.  5,  1863 ;  was  prisr.;  m,  o.  June 
16,  to  date  May  Sn,  1865. 


FIRST  ARTILLERY  REGIMENT. 
Battery  M. 

Second  Lieut.  Wm.  J.  Murphy,  e.  as  Q.  M.  Sergt.  July  i. 

1862;    prmtd.  to  Second  Lieut.  Oct.  10,  1863;    m.  ). 

July  24,  1865. 
Barr,  Josiah  N.,  e.  Aug.  8, 1862  ;  m.  o.  July  24, 1865. 
Kempb,  John,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  ni.  o.  July  24,  1865. 
Loomis,  Maynard,  e.  July  17, 1862;   m.  o.  July  24, 1865 
Patton,  Samuel,  e.  July  17,  1862;  m.  o.  July  24,  1865. 
Rawley,  Albert  J.,  e.  July  19,  1862 ;  m.  o.  July  24,  1865, 
Rollins,  James,  e.  July  9,  1862  ;  m.  o.  July  24, 1865. 
Setzer,  P.  W.,  e.  Aug.  9,  1862  ;  disd.  Oct.  24,  1862,  disab 
Trowbridge,  James  F.,  «*  Aug.  5, 1862 ;  disd.  June  3, 1865, 

disab. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Gower,  Eben  W..  e.  Jan.  2,  1864. 


SECOND  ARTILLERY. 
Battery  B. 

Snow,  Philip,  e.  May  25, 1861,  rect.;    died  at  Detroit,  111. 
June  26,  1864. 

Battery  C. 

Barr,  Miletus  E.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1805,  rect.;    m.  o.  Aug.  3, 1866 
Ryan,  Jas.,  e.  Jan.  5,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Aug.  3,  1865. 

Battery  D. 

Gatruby,  Edward,  e.  Aug.  24, 1861,  rect. 

Battery  C. 

Flischman,  John,  e.  Feb.  25,  1865,  rect.;    m.  o.  Sept.  t 
Kuntz,  Fred.,  e.  Feb.  25, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Sept.  4, 1865. 

Battery  I. 

Grant,  Thos.,  e.  Oct.  26,  1861. 

Hodge,  Irvin,  or  Tanin  C,  e.  Dec.   15, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet. 

Jan.  1,1864;  m.  O.June  14, 1865. 
Hodgo,  G.  N.,  e.  Dec.  15, 1861 ;  re-e.  as  vet.  Jan.  1,  1864  ; 

m.  o.  June  14, 1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECRUITS. 
Chalnger,  Reuben  D.,  e.  Jan.  26, 1864. 


SPRINGFIELD   LIGHT   ARTIL- 
LERY. 

Coleman,  George,  e.  Jan.  5, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o-?u"e30' '65. 
Flynn,  Patrick,  e.  Jan.  5,  1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  May  29, 1865. 


HENSHAW'S  BATTERY. 

Cummlngs,  Jas.  B.,  e.  Nov.  6, 1862 ;  m.  o  July  18, 1866. 
Dunnivan,  Michael,  e.  Nov.  14,  1862 ;    died  at  KnoxviUe. 

Tenn.,  May  19,  1865.  o±  MiM 

Luckes,  Presley  P.,  e.  Dec.  4, 1862;  -leserted  Jan  24, 1863 
Murphy,  Wm.,e.  Nov.  14,  1862;  m.  o.  J"'y  18-1865. 
Stafford,  John  M.,  e.  Sept.  3, 1862 ;  m.  o.  J^'y  ^f- J^f  ^j., 
Turk,   Sanford,  e.   Dec.  19,  1862;    died  at  Ottawa,  lU., 

March  6,  1863. 


TWENTY-NINTH  REGIMENT  U.  S. 
COLORED  INFANTRY. 

Company  A 

Buckner,  Wm.,  e.  Jan.  24, 1865  rect. ;  m.  o- Nov.  6,18M. 
Curtis,  David,  e.  Jan.  17,  1865.  rect. ;  m.  o.  Nov  6  18W. 
Smith   Frank,  o.  Jan.  24, 1865,  rect.;  m.  o.  Nov.  fa,  i»w- 


WAR  HISTORY  AND  RECORD. 


621 


Company  B. 

Johnson,  John  H.,  e.  Aug.  29,  18C4,  rect. ;  died  at   New- 
Orleans  July  20,  18H5. 
Nie,  Kobt.,  e.  Jan.  9,  18G4.  net. ;  m.  o.  Nov.  6, 1866. 

Company  D. 

AdRiuB,  Geo.,  e,  Dec  31, 1864,  rect. ;  m.  o.  Nov.  C,  1865. 

Company  E. 

Green,  Lewis,  e.  Feb.  3,  1865,  rect. ;  absent,  sick,  at  m.  o. 
I'ettiford.  Archie,  e.  Jan.  17, 18G5,  rect. ;  m.o.  Nov.  6,  1806. 

Company  F. 

Douglas.  John,  No.  2,  e.  Jan.  18, 1865,  rect. ;  m.  o.  Nov.  6, 

Company  C. 

Summerville,  Wni..  e.  Jan.  18, 1S65;  m.  o.  Nov.  6, 1865. 

UNASSIGNED  RECKUITS. 

Carter,  Bobert,  e.  Jan.  3.  1865. 

Dowery,  Elijah,  e.  Oct.  17,  18C4;  m.  o.  May  29, 1865. 
Smith,  Chas.,  e.  Jan.  18,  1865. 

Williams,  Edward,  e    Feb.  21,  1865  ;  m.  o.  Nov.  27,  1865, 
to  date  Nov.  0.  1865. 


U.  S.   COLORED  RECRUITS. 
Eighteenth  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry. 

Allen,  Jas.,  e.  Jan.  9, 1865. 
Browning,  Geo.,  e.  Jan.  12,  1865. 
Bute,  Ottawa  Ross,  e.  Jan.  9, 1865. 
Cook,  Willison,  e.  Jan.  7,  1865. 
Clark,  John,  e.  Oct.  31.  1864. 
Frank,  Benj.,  e.  Jan.  6, 1865. 
Harding,  Jas.,  e.  Jan.  9,  1865. 
Logan,  Vincent,  e.  Jan.  9,  1865. 
Bingo,  Bobt,  e.  Jan  6,  1865. 
Stewart,  Jackson,  e.  Dec.  4,  1864. 
Tolley,  Peter,  e.  Jan.  6,  1865. 

Sixty-first  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry. 

Bunkley,  Thos.,  e.  Feb.  28, 1865. 
Martin,  Bichard.  e.  March  1, 1865. 
Wills,  Jacob,  e.  March  1,  1865. 

Eighty-eighth  U.S.  Colored  Infantry. 

Brown.  Chas..  e.  March  21. 1866. 


MISCELLANEOUS  ORGANIZA-' 

TIONS. 

Infantry. 

Craig,  John  W.,  e.  Jan.  25, 1865,  49th  Inf. 
Machwert,  Henry,  e.  Jan.  22,  18f5,  49th  Inf. 

Cavalry. 

Dohme,  Edwin,  e.  Jan.  18, 1865,  2d  Mo.  Cav. 
Haniby,  Wm.  J.,  e.  June  12,  1864,  3d  Mo.  Cav. 
McFadden,  John,  e.  June  5,  1864,  3d  Mo.  Cav. 
Simpkins,  Wm.  J.,  e.  May  23, 1864,  3d  Mo.  Cav. 
Swearengen,  Aaron,  e.  June  13, 1864,  3d  Mo.  Cav. 
Beach,  John  W.,  e.  Sept.  24, 1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
Brown,  Jas.  H.,  e.  Sept.  25,  1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
Harvey,  John,  e.  Sept  25,  1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
Lindsey,  Warren  W.,  e.  Sept.  24,  1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
Linder,  John  M.,  e.  Oct.  23,  18M,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
McGary,  Wm.  L.,  e.  Sept.  24,  1864,  141h  Mo.  Cav. 
Moody,  Thos.  L.,  e.  Sepl.  24,  1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
O'Neal,  Cyrus  C,  e.  Sept.  24,  1864,  14th  Mo.  Cav. 
Shermyer,  Chas..  e.  Sept.  24, 1864, 14th  Mo.  Cav. 


FIRST  ARMY  CORPS. 
Company  No.  I- 

Carson,  Gideon  K,,  e.  Feb.  4,  1865 ;    ni.   o.  Feb.   3,  1866, 

as  Sergt. 
Temple,  Jos.,  e.  Feb.  4, 1866;  m.  o.  Feb.  3, 1866. 

Company  No,  5. 

Grow,  Asa  K.,  e.  March  8,  1865. 
Kelly,  Thos.  J.,  e.  March  8, 1865. 

Company  No.  7- 

Weber,  Peter,  e.  March  24,  1805. 
Uthland,  Jacob,  e.  March  24,  1865. 

Company  No.  8. 

Hitzing,  Wm.,  e.  March  27,  1805;  m.  o.  March  26, 1866. 


RECRUITS  FOR  THE  REGULAR 

ARMY. 

Thirteenth  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Bevis,  John,  e.  Oct.  — ,  1SC4. 
Blake,  Chas.,  e.  Jan.  — ,  1865. 
Frost,  Henry,  e.  Jan.  — ,  1865. 
Jenkins,  Aaron,  e.  Oct.  — ,  1864. 
Wood,  Israel,  e.  Oct.  — ,  1864. 


POPULATION   OF   LIVINGSTON   COUNTY, 


TOWNS. 


Amity 

Avoca  

Avoca 

Belle  Prairie 

Brought on 

Charlotte 

Chats  worth  

Chatsworth  .... 

Dwight 

Dwight 

Eppard's  Point.., 

Esmen  

Fayette 

Forrest 

Germantown 

Indian  Grove 

Fairbui-y  

Long  Point 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

Newtown 

Odell  

Odell  

Owego  

Pike 

Pleasant  Ridge.. 

Pontiac 

Pontiac 

Reading 

Ancona 

Reading 

Rook's  Creek.... 
Round  Grove.... 

Saunemin 

Sullivan 

Sunbury 

Union   

Waldo   


By  Townships. 


1870. 


s 

o 

El 


790 
825 


03 


700 
732 


680 
823 
746 
1622 
999 
1804 
1044 
861 
917 
257 
1084 
369 
2635 
1493 
970 
1162 
877 
1114 
1455 
739 
800 
847 
809 
2438 
1657 
1503 
250 
70 
945 
640 
974 
921 
891 
711 
1051 


547 
660 
568 
1211 
706 
1435 
857 
739 
740 
163 
882 
245 
2228 
1276 
828 
796 
629 
998 
1182 
616 
652 
622 
■653 
2103 
1430 


o 


90 
93 


^ 
^ 


83 
163 
178 
411 
293 
369 
187 
122 
177 

94 
202 
124 
407 
217 
142 
366 
248 
116 
273 
123 
148 
225 
156 
335 
227 


790 
818 


1358 

145 

215 

35 

65 

5 

724 

221  ' 

506 

134 

811 

163 

700 

221 

724 

167 

534 

177 

770 

281 

630 
823 
746 
1618 
995 
1798 
1038 
844 
914 
256 
1082 
369 
2635 
1493 
970 
1162 
877 
1112 
1451 
735 
800 
847 
808 
2374 
1605 
1503 
250 
70 
945 
640 
974 
921 
891 
711 
1051 


4 

4 
6 
6 
17 
3 
1 
2 


1 
64 
52 


I860. 


1850. 


J5 


595 
758 
50 
317 
128 


310 

20 
532 
295 
481 
457 


768 
269 
564 
607 
297 
981 
318 


270 
247 
.336 

1259 
728 

1145 
226 
91 
428 
184 
228 


422 


252 


27 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES 


PONTIAC    TOWNSHIP. 


J.  F.  ADAMS,  brick  maker  and  mason, 
Pontiac;  born  in  (Himberland  City,  Alle- 
ghany Co.,  Md.,  June  21,  1836  ;  he  began 
working  at  the  brick  making  business  at  the 
age  of  13  years ;  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1856,  and  started  a  brick  kiln  in 
Avoca  Township ,  this  was  the  first  kiln 
of  brick  ever  burned  in  Livingston  Co.; 
the  next  year  he  engaged  in  farming,  which 
he  followed  until  1866,  when  he  came  to 
Pontiac,  since  which  time  he  has  been  en- 
gaged at  the  brick  business  and  mason 
work.  He  was  married  on  the  23d  of 
December,  1860,  to  Miss  Nancy  M.  Gar- 
ner, daughter  of  S.  P.  Garner,  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Eppard's  Point  Township ; 
she  was  born  in  Lidiana  March  12,  1843; 
they  have  eight  children — Edward  F., 
Mary  L.,  Grant.  Sarah,  William,  Joseph, 
Lida  and  Nannie. 

HENRY  AUGUSTINE,  nurseryman, 
Normal,  McLean  County,  formerly  of 
Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Lancaster  County, 
Penn.,  July  25,  1844;  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Canton,  Fulton 
County,  in  1857;  in  August,  1861,  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  A,  55th  I.  V.  I.; 
was  soon  ajipoiuted  Sergeant,  and  after  the 
battle  of  Shiloh  was  commissioned  Second 
Lieutenant ;  shortly  after  this  he  was  pro- 
moted to  First  Lieutenant ;  and  on  the 
re-enlistment  of  his  regiment  as  veteran, 
was  elected  Captain  of  the  company ;  after 
the  fall  of  Atlanta,  he  returned  home  and 
recruited  a  company  of  volunteer.s,  which 
was  assigned  to  the  51st  Regiment,  and 
served  until  November,  1865.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Canton  and  spent  five  years  in 
the  drug  business  ;  he  came  to  Livingston 


County  in  March,  1869,  and  engaged  in 
farming  and  the  nursery  business.  On  the 
16th  of  the  same  month  and  year,  he  was 
married  to  MissM.E.  Gapen,of  Lewistown, 
III,  and  has  one  child — Archie  M.  In  Nov. 
1875,  he  removed  to  Normal,  111.,  where  he 
is  now  engaged  in  the  nursery  business. 

FRED  L.  ALLES,  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Pontiac  Sentinel,  was  born  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.,  August  2, 1851 ;  he  attended 
the  public  schools  until  he  was  10  years 
old,  and  afterward  entered  the  ofiices  of 
of  the  Plttshnrgh  Dispatch  and  the  Pitts- 
hurgh  Post ;  in  1868,  he  went  to  Chicago 
and  engaged  as  foreman  of  the  Religio- 
Philosophical  Journal,  where  he  remained 
five  years  ;  after  the  fire,  he  removed  to 
Sparta,  111.,  and  engaged  in  publishing  the 
Sparta  Plaindealer,  and  afterward  the 
Bellevil/e  Advocate ;  he  came  to  Pontiac 
in  1875,  purchased  the  Sentinel,  enlarged 
and  improved  it,  and  increased  its  circula- 
tion and  its  advertising  patronage,  until  it 
now  has  the  largest  office  in  the  county. 
July  1,  1878,  the  Sentinel  was  21  years 
old.  Mr.  Alles  is  Vice  President  of  the 
Illinois  Press  Association,  to  which  he  was 
elected  at  East  St.  Louis  in  June.  1877. 
He  was  married  Dec.  4,  1873,  to  Miss 
Mary  Allen,  of  Randolph  Co.,  Ill  ,  and  has 
(me  child — Allen  C. 

ROBERT  AERL,  dealer  in  live  stock 
and  proprietor  of  Aerl's  feed  yard, 
Pontiac ;  wa.s  born  in  Adams  Co.,  Ohio, 
Oct.  11,  1813;  he  resided  there  until 
1839,  when  he  removed  to  Brown 
Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  lived  until  1853, 
and  then  came  to  Illinois ;  he  spent 
one  year   in   McLean   County,  and   from 


624 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  : 


there  came  to  Liviagstun  Cuiinty  in  185  i;   i 
has  always  been  engaged  in  farming  until 
1857,  when   he  disposed  of  his  farm   and 
moved  into  town ;    in  1859,  he   made   the  i 
overland  trip   to  California,  with  a  team,  I 
being  nearly  five   months  on  the  journey; 
he  followed  mining  nearly  three  years,  re- 
turning by  way  of  the  Isthmus ;  since  that 
time  he   has  continued   in  the  stock  and  ] 
feed  yard  business,   excepting   two  years 
spent  in  Kansas.     He  was  married  Feb.  6, 
1836,  to  Miss  Ann  L.  Grore,  who  was  born 
Loudon  Co.,  Va.,  June   15,    1812  ;    they 
have  three  children  living — Alvaro,  Sarah 
F.  and,  Isaac  ;   one  son,  Enos,  died  in  Sa- 
vannah, Tenn.,  in  1862.   He  was  a  member 
of  the  52d  I.  \^.  I. 

0.  F.  AVERY,  attorney  at  law,  and  Dep- 
uty County  Clerk  ;  was  born  in  Hillsdale 
Co.,  Mich.,  Nov.  19,1841  ;  after  receiving 
a  high  school  education  at  the  Jonesville 
Union  School,  he  entered  Hillsdale  College, 
Michigan,  remaining  until  1861.  He  then 
entered  the  11th  Mich.  Infantry,  as  a  pri- 
vate, and  was  made  a  non-commissioned  of- 
ficer of  Co.  B  ;  served  in  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  taking  part  in  the  battles  of 
Stone  River  and  Chickamauga,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  latter  place ;  he  was  then 
detailed  in  the  Michigan  Military  Agency 
at  Nashville,  and  returned  with  his  regi- 
ment in  1864  ;  returning  soon  afterward  to 
Nashville,  he  entered  the  government  em- 
ploy, and  while  there,  took  command  of  a 
company  of  volunteers  to  defend  Johnson- 
ville,  Tenn.,  which  was  threatened  by  Gen. 
Forrest's  army ;  he  afterward  took  charge 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  of  the 
4Uth  U.  S.  Colored  Infantry,  and  remained 
with  them  until  Nov.,  1865.  He  came  to 
Livingston  Co.  in  1866,  and  taught  seven 
years  in  the  schools  at  Fairbury,  five  years 
as  Principal;  in  1872,  he  became  Principal 
of  the  High  School  at  Burliugame,  Kan., 
remaining  two  years,  during  which  time  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  ;  on  his  return  to 
Fairbury,  he  taught  one  year  as  Principal, 
aad  was  then  admitted  to  the  baB  of  Illi- 
nois, and  commenced  practice.  In  1877, 
he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  County 
Superintendent  of  Schools,  and  though 
defeated,  carried  his  own  township  by  a 
majority  of  374  out  of  a  total  vote  of 
550  ;  he  was  appointed  Deputy  County 
Clerk  the  same  Fall.  He  was  married 
April  2i,  1869,  to  Miss  Mary  E    Kring, 


of    Fairbury ;      they    have     one    child — 
Kittie  M. 

HENRY   BLACKMORE,    proprietor 
city    omnibus    line,     Pontiac ;    was    born 
in  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Jan  6,  1834 ;  his  par- 
ents removed  when  he  was  quite  young,  to 
Indiana;    thence    to   Danville  111.,  and  in 
1844  to  Ottawa  ;  they  resided  there  about 
five  years,   and  then  came  to    Livingston 
Co.,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in  Sunbury  Tp.  ; 
after  becoming  of  ao-e,  Mr.  Blackmore  went 
to  Peoria  County,  and   engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  returning  two  years  later  to  Sunbury. 
He  was  married   Aug.  17,  1855,  to  Eliza- 
beth   King,   of   Peoria  Co.,   111.,    on  the 
17th  of  Aug.,  186 1 ;  he  enlisted  in  Co.  C,  1st 
Illinois  Light  Artillery  ;    he  was  present  at 
Island  No.   10,  siege  of  Corinth,  battle  of 
Stone  River,  siege  of  Atlanta,  and  the  battles 
of  Jonesboro  and  Chickamauga  ;  he  served 
constantly  with  his   regiment  until    Sept., 
1864,  when  he  returned  to  Sunbury.      In 
the  Spring  of  1866,  he  removed   to   Five- 
Mile  Grove,  and  in  1874,  came  to  Pontiac, 
and  purchased  the  city  omnibus  line. 

WILLIAM  BURKE,  dealer  in  wines 
and  liquors,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  County 
Tipperary,  Ireland,  November  3,  1836 ; 
he  received  a  common  English  education 
in  the  pay  schools  of  his  native  coun- 
ty ;  he  was  raised  to  farming  pursuits  ;  he 
came  to  the  United  States  in  Oct.,  1863, 
previous  to  which  time  he  had  been  em- 
ployed as  a  clerk  in  a  flour-mill  and  bakery 
some  ten  years ;  after  spending  seven 
months  in  New  York,  he  came  to  Tazewell 
Co.,  111.,  and  a  year  later  to  Livingston 
Co.,  settling  in  Pontiac  ;  he  engaged  in  his 
present  business  in  1872.  He  was  mar- 
ried Sept.  21,  1872,  to  Mary  A.  Thornton, 
of  Chicago  ;  she  was  born  in  Pittsburgh , 
Penn.,  April  12,  1854  ;  they  have  two 
children  living — Margaret  and  Mary  ;  one 
child — Mary,  died  in  1873. 

JOHN  W.  BRUNER,  farmer,  dealer 
in  real  estate,  stock,  &c.  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ; 
was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  July  8, 
1837  ;  when  he  was  about  4  years  old, 
his  father  moved  with  his  family  to  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  thence  to  Wabash  Co.,  Ind. ; 
after  six  years,  Mr.  Bruner  returned  to 
Ohio,  and  settled  in  Butler  Co.  ;  after  re- 
ceiving a  common  school  education,  he 
spent  nearly  a  year  in  Dennison  University, 
Granville,  Ohio;  in  1859  and  1860,  he 
was  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  in 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


625 


Cincinnati ;  returninji-  to  Butler  Co.,  he 
followed  the  boot  and  shoe  and  clothin"' 
trade  for  three  years.  He  was  married  Aug. 
15,  1861,  to  Miss  Eliza  J.  Crane,  dautrhter 
of  Stephen  C.  Crane,  of  Butler  Co.,  after- 
ward a  prominent  citizen  of  Pontiac ;  she 
was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  25, 
1843  ;  they  have  had  four  children,  one  of 
whom,  Hal.  C,  Ls  living.  They  came  to 
Pontiac  in  1865  ;  Mr.  Bruner  owns  a  farm 
of  160  acres,  a  mile  and  a  half  south  of 
Pontiac,  besides  considerable  property  in 
the  city,  and  as  administrator  of  the  estate  of 
the  late  S.  C.  Crane  has  charge  of  some 
2,000  acres  of  improved  farms  in  Livings- 
ton Co.,  besides  a  large  amount  of  town 
property  and  a  thousand  acres  or  more 
of  land  in  other  parts  of  the  West. 

R.  W.  BABCOCK,  Agent  for  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R.  Co. ;  Pontiac  ;  was 
born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,July  29, 1822  ; 
he  received  an  academic  education,  and  at 
the  age  of  19  began  the  study  of  law  ;  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  184-1,  and  practiced 
his  profession  ten  years.  He  was  married 
Feb.  7.  1847,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Reed,  of 
Franklin  Co.,  Mass. ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom,  Bennie  C,  is  now 
living.  Mr.  Babcock  came  to  Livingston 
County  in  1856,  and  spent  the  first  three 
years  in  farming  ;  he  then  followed  mer- 
chandising from  1859  to  1871,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  the  Agent  of  the  Chicago 
A'  Paducah  and  Chicago  &  Alton  R.  R. 
Cos.  He  served  seven  or  eight  years  in  the 
School  Board,  being  one  of  the  Directors 
at  the  time  of  the  erection  of  the  new  pub- 
lic school  building ;  he  held  the  office  of 
Town  Clerk  one  year  and  served  two  terms 
on  the  Board  of  Supervisors;  he  was  elected 
the  first  Mayor  of  the  city  in  1872,  served 
two  terms,  and  also  served  several  terms  on 
the  Board  of  Trustees  and  as  a  member  of 
the  City  Council. 

H.  S.  BENNETT,  Agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can and  United  States  Express  (companies, 
Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Lake  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov. 
19, 1846  ;  he  lived  there  until  he  was  about 
14  years  of  age,  when  he  came  with  his 
father's  family  tn  Pontiac  in  1860  ;  he  has 
-  been  a  resident  of  the  city  principally  ever 
since;  he  has  been  engaged  in  telegraphing, 
express  and  railroad  business  about  eleven 
years.  He  was  married  Sept.  11,  1872,  to 
Miss  Anna  M.  Miller,  of  Delphi,  Lul.,  who 
was  born  in  the  State  of  Ohio  in  May,  1848 ; 


they  have  one  child — Mabel  E.  His  father, 
Charles  Bennett,  still  resides  in  Livingston 
County  on  a  farm  about  three  miles  east  of 
Pontiac.  Mr.  Bennett  is  also  Manager  of  the 
Western  Union  Telegraph  office. 

J.  ^Y.  BABCOCK,  dealer  in  groceries, 
crockery,  glassware,  etc.,  Pontiac  ;  was  born 
in  Fulton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  28,  1887  ;  he 
lived  there  until  he  was  about  15  years  old, 
and  then  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  his  parents  now 
reside  ;  he  was  raised  to  farming  pursuits, 
which  he  followed  until  his  removal  to 
Livingston  County  ;  he  received  an  aca- 
demic education  at  the  Franklin  Academy, 
Prattsburg,  N.  Y.,  and  after  leaving  school, 
taught  for  several  years  ;  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston County  in  1858,  and  after  teaching 
a  while,  entered  a  hardware  store,  and  three 
years  later  engaged  in  the  grocery  business 
for  himself;  he  followed  this  about  two 
years  and  then  engaged  in  fiirming  for  some 
six  years  ;  he  then  resumed  clerking  for 
four  years,  and  again  engaged  in  mer- 
chandLsing,  which  he  has  followed  to  the 
present  time.  He  was  married  May  18, 
1862,  to  Miss  Minnie  S.  Lawrence,  dau":h- 
ter  of  A.  Lawrence,  Sr.,  of  Pontiac  ;  they 
have  two  children — Nettie  K.  and  Lucy  A. 

FRANCIS  BRUCKER,  merchant,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Alzey,  in  Rhine  Hesse, 
Germany,  Aug.  9,  1806;  he  was  educated 
under  a  private  tutor  at  home,  and  when 
about  15  years  of  age  he  engaged  in  selling 
goods  through  the  country,  and  followed 
that  until  his  marriage,  which  took  place 
June  6, 1828.  His  wife  was  Miss  Jeannette 
Franck,  who  was  born  in  Hes.se  in  1800  ; 
they  have  three  children  living — Julia, 
wife  of  J.  M.  Grreenebaum  of  Chicago, 
President  of  the  Livingston  County 
National  Bank  ;  Adolph  and  Simon  S., 
now  employed  in  the  dry  goods  house  of 
A.  T.  Stewart  &  Co.,  Chicago.  After  his 
marriage.  Mr.  Brucker  engaged  in  the  gro- 
cery trade,  and  from  1848  until  he  came 
to  this  countrv,  in  1854,  was  the  agent  of 
the  Grerman  Emigration  Society ;  on  arriv- 
ing in  this  country,  he  spent  about  nine 
months  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  and  then  came 
to  Chicago,  where  he  resided  three  years, 
coming  to  Pontiac  in  1857,  and  engaging 
in  the  dry  goods  and  grocery  trade,  which 
he  still  continues. 

ADOLPH  BRUCKER,  son  of  Francis 
Brucker ;  was    born  in    Alzey.  (rermany, 


626 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


July  21.  1836,  and  came  to  this  country 
with  his  brother,  Simon  S..  in  1853,  and  to 
Pontiac  in  1857  ;  he  has  always  been 
engaged  in  the  dry  goods  trade,  and  now 
has  charge  of  the  business  in  Pontiac.  He 
was  married  Jan.  11,  18(54,  to  Miss  Bertha 
Rosenhoupt,  of  Peru.  111.,  and  has  four 
children — Bella,  Julia,  Blanche  and  Albert. 

MARTIN  I.  BROWER,  attorney  at 
law  ;  is  a  native  of  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio ; 
he  was  born  on  the  21st  of  March,  1847; 
in  1862,  he  came  with  his  father's  family 
to  Livingston  Co..  settling  on  a  flirm  in 
Esmen  Tp.  ;  his  father,  Arlineus  Brower, 
now  resides  in  Pontiac,  to  which  place  he 
removed  in  1875 ;  Mr.  Brower  was  edu- 
cated at  Lombard  University,  Galesburg, 
111.,  from  which  institution  he  graduated 
in  June,  1871  ;  he  began  the  .study  of 
the  law  in  the  oflSice  of  Judge  L.  E.  Pay- 
son,  in  Pontiac,  in  May,  1872;  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  September,  1874,  and  at 
once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  elected  City  Attorney  in 
April,  1875,  serving  one  year,  and  is  at 
present  Justice  of  the  Peace,  to  which 
oflfice  he  was  elected  in  May,  1877. 

W.  W.  BERRY,  dealer  in  wines  and 
liquors,  Pontiac;  was  born  in  the  county 
of  Cork,  Ireland,  in  1830  ;  he  was  edu- 
cated in  the  national  schools,  and  at  the 
age  of  20  years  he  went  to  Wales,  and  was 
employed  in  an  iron  manufactory  until  April, 
1853,  when  he  came  to  the  United  States  ; 
after  spending  one  year  in  New  York 
City,  he  settled  in  Joliet,  Will  Co.,  111., 
where  he  followed  various  kinds  of  busi- 
ness until  1863  ;  he  .''pent  three  years  of 
this  time  in  attending  the  Academy  there  ; 
he  hauled  the  first  load  of  stone  for  the 
Illinois  State  Penitentiary  in  that  city;  m 
1863,  he  removed  to  Chicago,  and  in  1865, 
to  Pontiac,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since.  He  was  elected  the  first  Street 
Commissioner  of  Pontiac  under  the  city 
organization,  holding  the  office  three  years, 
during  which  tiuie  he  was  Assistant  City 
Marshal.  He  was  foreman  of  the  Pontiac 
Coal  Mine,  and  broke  the  first  ground 
in  the  sinking  of  the  shaft  in  1867.  He 
was  married  Oct.  17,  1859,  to  Miss  Cathe- 
rine Hand,  and  has  three  children  li\ing — 
Daniel  J.,  Charles  J.,  and  Elizabeth  A. 

MRS.  MARY  O.  BABCOCK,  farming 
and  stock  raising ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born 
in  Farmington,   Maine,  April  11.   1834; 


she  was  educated  at  Farmington  Academy  ; 
in  1862,  she  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and 
engaged  in  teaching.  She  was  married  on 
the  29th  of  December,  1862,  to  the  late 
Joseph  S.  Babcock,  who  was  born  in 
Prattsburg,  Steuben  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  26, 
1831.  In  1850,  at  the  age  of  19  years, 
he  entered  Lima  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1854  ;  after  completing  his  col- 
lege course,  he  came  West,  and  iovested 
quite  largely  in  land  in  Livingston  Co.; 
returning  East,  he  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising in  New  York  City,  where  he 
remained  until  the  Fall  of  1860  ;  he 
then  removed  his  stock  of  goods  to  Pontiac, 
and  came  to  Livingston  Co.  to  reside ; 
after  following  the  dry  goods  business  for 
two  years  in  Pontiac,  he  sold  out  and 
engaged  in  farming ;  he  had  been  very 
successful  as  a  merchant,  and,  after  moving 
upon  his  farm,  dealt  quite  extensively  in 
stock  ;  he  died  July  6,  1869,  leaving  two 
children — Mary  H.  and  Joseph  S.  Mrs. 
Babcock  resides  on  her  farm  near  Pontiac, 
where  she  owns  532  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $30,000 ;  she  still  continues  in  the 
stock  business,  and  during  the  past  two 
years  has  devoted  a  great  deal  of  attention 
to  fine  stock  ;  she  has  erected  three  tenant 
houses  on  her  land,  and  keeps  a  hundred 
head  of  cattle  and  large  numbers  of 
horses,  etc. 

A.  L.  BABCOCK,  dealer  in  groceries, 
crockery,  etc.,  Pontiac;  was  born  in  Al- 
bany County,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  22,  1851  ;  in 
1856,  his  father,  W.  C.  Babcock,  removed 
with  his  family  to  Livingston  Co.  and 
located  at  Pontiac,  where  he  followed 
farming  for  about  four  years,  and  then  en- 
gaged in  the  hardware  business  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  and  finally  for  about  seven 
years  previous  to  his  death  he  was  engaged 
in  the  grain  and  stock  business ;  he  died 
Feb.  14,  1876;  Mr.  Babcock's  mother 
still  resides  in  Pontiac  ;  the  family  con- 
sists of  three  children — Albert  L.  and  two 
sisters,  Emma  and  Sadie.  Mr.  Babcock 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Pon- 
tiac, and  at  the  age  of  21  engaged  in  the 
grocery  trade,  which  he  still  continues. 
He  was  married  Sept.  12,  1877,  to  Miss 
Nettie  Packer,  of  Pontiac,  who  was  born 
in  the  State  of   New  York  Jan.  20,  1854. 

L.  R.  BANCROFT,  horticulturist.  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  is  a  native  of  Wayne 
Co.  N.  Y. ;  he  was  born  on  the  6th  day  of 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


627 


May,  181-4  ;  when  he  was  16  years  old,  he 
was  apprenticed  to  the  tailor  business,  which 
lie  followed  until  he  was  about  25  years 
old,  when  he engaired  in  the  clothing  trade; 
he  followed  that  about  twelve  years ;  his 
health  failing,  he  engaged  in  farming  and 
dealing  in  grain,  stock  and  country  pro- 
duce ;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1861, 
and  purchased  ten  acres  of  land  in  the 
timber,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  Pon- 
tiac.  which  he  cleared  and  set  to  fruit,  and 
now  has  twenty  acres,  eight  of  which  are 
under  cultivation  ;  he  raises  every  variety 
of  fruit  which  is  susceptible  of  cultivation 
in  this  latitude,  making  a  specialty  of  small 
fruits  and  plants  ;  he  has  a  fine  orchard  of 
some  six  hundred  apple  and  three  hun- 
dred cherry  trees ;  he  sold  in  1877,  a  hun- 
dred and  sixty  bushels  of  strawberries. 
He  was  married  in  Sept.,  1838,  to  Miss 
Jane  Wanzer,  of  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  who 
died  in  May,  1857,  leaving  one  child — 
Mary,  now  Mrs.  Henry  C.  Jones,  of  Dallas, 
Texas.  Mr.  Bancroft  was  married  again 
in  March,  1859,  to  Miss  Sarah  H.  Green 
of  Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  has  two 
children  -James  L.  and  Edna. 

CALDWELL  &  SMITH,  druggists, 
Pontiac ;  dealers  in  drugs,  medicines, 
books,  stationery,  etc.,  northwest  corner  of 
public  square.  J.  A.  Caldwell  was  born  in 
Kanawha  Co..  W.  Va.,  March  22,  1831  ; 
he  has  followed  the  drug  business  since 
he  was  15  years  of  age ;  came  to  Pon- 
tiac in  1865,  and  established  his  present 
business,  which  he  has  followed  constantly 
to  the  present  time.  J.  W.  Smith  was 
born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  17,  1832; 
came  to  Pontiac  in  1858,  and  taught  two 
years  in  the  public  schools,  and  was  elected 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools  in  1861; 
he  resigned  the  office  in  1862,  and  enlisted 
in  the  129th  I.  V.  I. ;  was  elected  Second 
Lieut,  of  Co.  A,  and  afterward  promoted  to 
First  Lieut.  ;  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of 
Resaca,  Ga..May  15,1864.  Returning,  he 
spent  one  year  in  the  grocery  business  ;  en- 
tered the  111.  State  Normal  University  in 
lH66,and  graduated  in  1870;  taughtoneyear 
of  this  time  ;is  Principal  of  the  Fairbury 
schools  ;  after  graduating,  he  taught  four 
years  as  Principal  of  the  public  schools  in 
Pontiac,  and  then  spent  a  year  in  Califor- 
nia, returning  in  1875  ;  after  teaching  one 
year  in  Odcll,  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  Mr.  Caldwell  in   the  above   business. 


These  gentleman  have  one  of  the  finest 
stores  in  the  county,  and  keep  a  full  stock 
of  all  goods  in  their  line. 

JOSEPH  F.  CULVER,  banker  and 
attorney  at  law,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  Nov.  3,  1834; 
he  attended  the  common  schools  until  he 
was  14  years  of  age,  and  then  spent  two 
years  in  an  academy ;  he  entered  Dickin- 
son College,  Carlisle,  Penn.,  where  he  re- 
mained four  years  and  a  half;  leaving 
school,  he  worked  on  the  farm  during  the 
summer  for  two  years,  spending  the  winter 
months  in  the  study  of  law;  he  after- 
ward removed  to  Ohio  and  spent  two 
winters  as  Principal  in  a  Normal  school ; 
he  came  to  Pontiac  in  1859,  and  entered 
the  office  of  the  County  Clerk  as  Deputy, 
continuing  his  legal  studies  at  the  same 
time.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  he 
entered  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  as  First  Lieut, 
of  Co.  A,  and  was  afterward  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Captain,  and  served  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  participating  in  all  the 
battles  in  which  his  regiment  was  engaged. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  April  28, 1866, 
and  in  the  Fall  of  1865,  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  County  Court,  serving  four  j^ears  ; 
since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in 
loan,  real  estate,  insurance  and  banking 
business,  and  in  the  practice  of  law ; 
he  is  a  Trustee  of  the  State  Reform  School, 
of  which  institution  he  is  also  Chaplain  ; 
he  was  President  of  the  State  Sunday  School 
Association  in  1873-74. 

THOMAS  CLELAND,  retired,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  near  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  22,  1814;  when  about  6  years  old, 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Chautauqua 
Co.  ;  at  the  age  of  14  years,  he  left  home 
and  started  for  himself,  learning  the  black- 
smith's trade  and  working  a  year  and  a 
half  in  an  axe  factory  ;  his  business  has 
always  been  that  of  a  blacksmith  ;  he  re- 
moved to  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  thence  to  Geauga 
Co.,  Ohio,  thence  to  Cuyahoga  Co.  Here 
he  was  mamed  Nov.  22,  1837.  to  Miss 
Mary  A.  Duncan  ;  she  was  born  in  Butler 
Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  17,  1817  ;  they  have  had 
six  children,  four  of  whom  are  livintr — 
Clara,  now  Mrs.  J.  G.  Cheesebro,  of  Saune- 
min  ;  William  H..  Walter  M.  and  Thomas 
0.  From  Ohio  he  moved  to  Mercer  Co., 
Penn.,  and  three  years  later,  to  Allen  Co., 
Ohio  ;  in  1847,  he  came  to  Kendall  Co., 
111. :  in  1850,  he  went  California,  leaving 


628 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


his  family  in  Kendall  Co. ;  returning  in 
1852,  be  removed  with  his  family  to  Pon- 
tiac,  and  has  been  a  resident  of  Livingston 
Co.  ever  since. 

WM.  T.  CKAWFORD,  dealer  in  live 
stock  and  proprietor  City  Meat  Market ; 
Pontiac;    was  born    in  the    city    of   New 
York,    on    the    13th   of  October,    1832;   | 
at  the  age  of  about    6    years,    he   came,   { 
with  his  parents,  to  Harrison    Co.,    Ohio  ; 
he    was   raised    on    the    farm,    and    lived 
there  until  October,  1854  ;  when  he  went 
to    Scott    Co.,   Iowa,  and  spent  one  year, 
returning  to  Ohio  in  1855.     He  was  mar-   : 
ried   Feb.   14,    1856,    to  Miss    Sarah    C. 
Johnson,    of    Harrison    Co.,    Ohio;    they 
have  six  children — Elizabeth,  Greorge,  El- 
mer  E.,  Addie,  William  and    Maud.     In 
April,  1856,  he  removed  to  McLean  Co., 
and,  after  three    years,  removed    to   Taze- 
well Co  ;  he  followed  farming  there  about 
four  years,  and  then  returned  to   McLean 
Co.;  two  years  later,  he  settled  in  Bloom- 
ington,  where  he  resided  until  his  removal 
to  Pontiac,  in  1875.     He  is  a  man  of  the 
strictest   total   abstinence  principles,  and, 
although  he  has  been  engaged  for  the  last 
fifteen  years  in  buying  and  shipping  stock 
in  Illinois,    Indiana,   Iowa,   Missouri   and 
Kansas,  exposed  in  all  kinds  of  weather, 
and  associating,  often,  with  men  of  intem- 
perate habits,  he  has  never  bought  nor  drank 
a  glass  of  intoxicating  liquor   in  his  life, 
never  used  tea  nor  coffee,   nor  smoked   a 
cigar  ;  has  never  played  a  game  of  billiards 
and  does  not  know  one  card  from  another, 
and  yet  he  belongs  to  no  church,  temper- 
ance society  nor  order  of  anv  kind. 

F.  M.  CAMPBELL,  farmer,  stock 
raiser  and  stock  dealer,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Pon- 
tiac ;  is  a  native  of  Livingston  County  ; 
born  in  Pontiac  Township,  on  the  16th  of 
March,  1841  ;  he  is  a  son  of  James  and 
Sarah  (Graham)  Campbell,  who  were 
among  the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county, 
coming  from  Ohio  ;  his  father  died  when 
Francis  M.  was  but  2  years  old,  leaving 
five  children,  of  whom  Francis  M.  was 
next  to  the  youngest.  Mr.  Campbell  set- 
tled on  his  present  farm  in  1871,  and  owns 
20(1  acres  of  land  finely  improved,  with 
irood  buildings  and  valued  at  ^10,000. 

MARTIN  DOLDE,  manufacturer  of 
wagons  and  carriages,  Pontiac  ;  was  born 
in  Wurtemberg,  Germany,  Dec.  9,  1835  ; 
he  learned  his  trade  in  his  native  country ; 


came  to  the  United  States  when    he  was 
16  years  of  age,  and  after  spending  about 
four  years  in  Ottawa,  111.,  came  to  Pontiac  in 
1856,  and  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
He  was  married    July  9,  1855,  to  Miss 
Mary  Wagner,  of  Ottawa.  111. ;  she    was 
born  in  Bavaria,  Germany,  Oct.  28,  1836  ; 
they   have    eight    children — Florinda    L., 
now  Mrs.  John  F.  Cook,  of  Pontiac ;  Al- 
bert,  Mary,  Rosa,   Gertie,   Maud,   Martin 
and  Minnie.     Mr.  Dolde  has  also  a  wagon 
manufactory  at  Ottawa,  under  the  charge 
of  his  son,  Albert.     He  has  served  several 
times  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  Board 
of  Aldermen,  having  been  one  of  the  first 
Aldermen  under  the  city  organization  ;  he 
is  President  of  the  Board  of  Education,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  membar  for  the  past 
four  years;  in    1875,  he  was  the   Repub- 
lican candidate  for  County  Treasurer,  and 
came  within  thirty-four  votes  of  an  eletion. 
ISAAC  T.  DOWNING,  furniture  and 
undertaking,    Pontiac;    was  born    in    Mi- 
nerva, Mason  County,  Ky.,  Aug.  5,  1837; 
when  about  5  years  of  age,  he  went  with 
his  parents  to  Adams  Co.,  near  Winchester, 
where  the  family  resided  about  ten  years, 
and  then  removed  to    Bentonville,  in  the 
same  county.     There  he  was  married  June 
30,  1860,  to  Miss  Amanda   J.    Leedom, 
who  was  born  in  Adams  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug. 
8,     1835  ;     they   have    one    child — Cora 
Dell.     He  engaged  in  mercantile  business 
in   Bentonville  and  continued  in  it  until 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  when  he  went 
with  Todd's  scouts,  4th  Independent  Bat- 
talion, as  sutler,  and  afterward   returned 
and  enlisted  in   Co.   H,    173d  Ohio  Vols., 
and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war.      Re- 
turning in  1865,  he  engaged  in  the  whole- 
sale notion  business  through  Adams  and 
adjoining    counties,    and    after  two   years 
j  came  to  Livingston  Co.  ;  followed  farming 
!  in  Rook's  Creek  Tp.  about  three  years,  and 
1  then    removed   to  Pontiac  ;  he  spent  the 
first  year  as  clerk  in  the  hardware  store  of 
W.   S.   Lacey,  and  then  engaged  in   the 
clothing   business,    which    he    carried   on 
successfully  for  five  years.     In  September, 
1877,   he  exchanged   his  interest  in    the 
clothing  business  for  the  furniture  business 
in    which   he  is   now   eneai^ed.     He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men in  April,  1876,  serving  two  years. 

J.  E.   DYE,    grain   and  coal,  Pontiac ; 
was  born  in   Miami   County,  Ohio,    Feb- 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


629 


ruiiry  20,  1820.  He  followed  merchan- 
dising there  until  1849,  when  he  removed 
to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  continuing  in 
trade  there  until  his  removal  to  Living.ston 
Co.,  in  185G  ;  here  he  opened  a  general 
store,  and  also  engaged  in  the  grain  and 
lumber  business ;  in  18(30,  he  disposed  of 
his  business  and  began  dealing  in  stock  ;  in 
1863,  he  was  elected  Sheriif  of  the  county, 
and  served  as  such  two  years.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  stock  business  until  1868, 
when  he  resumed  the  grain  business, 
which  he  has  followed  ever  since,  with  the 
exception  of  about  a  year  and  a  half,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  superintended  the  Pon- 
tiac  Woolen  Mill,  for  Messrs.  Duff  & 
Cowan.  He  wa.s  married  in  September, 
1844,  to  Miss  Sarah  Ivers,  of  Miami  Co., 
Ohio;  she  died  in  1846,  leaving  one 
child — Deborah  Virginia.  He  was  mar- 
ried again  in  1854  to  Mrs.  Mary  Jackson, 
of  Dayton.  Ohio,  who  died  in  1855.  In 
February,  1857,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
M.  A.  Watson,  of  Jasper  Co.,  Ind.  They 
have  three  children — Carrie  L.,  Sarah  E., 
and  Mary  J  Mr.  Dye  has  served  three 
terms  as  member  of  the  City  Council  of 
Pontiac. 

SAMUEL  DENSLOW,  of  the  firm  of 
E.  Reilly  &  Co.,  proprietors  of  the  Pontiac 
St«am  Mill,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Rich- 
mond, Me.,  October  7,  1808.  He  was 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  until  his 
removal  to  Illinois.  He  held  the  office  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  for  nineteen  years. 
He  was  married  in  1831  to  Miss  Mary  A. 
Jeck,  of  Litchfield,  Me. ;  she  died  in 
September,  1874  ;  they  had  three  children 
—  Henry  M.,  who  was  born  May  28, 
1834,  became  a  prominent  business  man  of 
his  native  town,  and  died  in  January, 
1876;  William  F.,  now  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  his  father  in  Pontiac,  born  Dec. 
28,  1842  ;  and  Clara  M.,  who  became  the 
wife  of  James  Stout,  of  Pontiac,  and  died 
June  13,  1866. 

WM.  F.  DENSLOW  was  born  in 
Richmond,  Me.,  Dec.  8,  1838;  he  was 
educated  at  the  Litchfield  Liberal  Insti- 
tute, and  in  1858  came  to  Illinois  and 
joined  his  father,  who  had  removed  west 
the  year  before,  to  La  Salle  County,  where 
they  resided  until  1860.  The  family 
then  removed  to  Saunemin  Tp.,  Liv- 
ingston County,  and  settled  on  a  farm,  re- 
maining until  1866.  when  they  removed  to 


Pontiac.  Mr.  Denslow  was  engaged  in 
running  the  Pontiac  Sentinel  one  year, 
and  in  1868  he  and  his  father  purchased 
a  farm  of  240  acres  near  the  city,  which 
they  carried  on  until  May,  1876 ;  in 
January,  1878,  they  became  partners  in 
the  firm  of  E.  Reilly  &  Co.  Mr.  Denslow 
was  married  Nov.  14,  1872,  to  Miss  Re- 
becca R.  Gore,  daughter  of  Wm.  Gore,  of 
Pontiac,  and  has  one  child — Carl. 

D.  C.  EYLAR,  Pontiac;  Assistant 
Cashier  Livingston  Co.  National  Bank  ;  was 
born  in  Adams  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  26, 1846  ; 
at  the  age  of  9  years,  he  came  with  his 
parent-s  to  Livingston  Co. ;  his  father,  A. 
A.  Eylar,  still  resides  about  a  mile  and  a 
half  south  of  Pontiac  ;  Mr.  Eylar  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  of  Pontiac,  and 
in  1866  attended  the  Bryant  &  Stratton 
I  Business  College,  Chicago,  completing  his 
course  in  Peoria  in  1867  ;  he  then  entered 
the  office  of  the  County  Clerk,  as  Deputy, 
unler  R.  B.  Harrington,  remaining  about 
two  years,  when  he  entered  the  office  of 
Duft'  &  Cowan  ;  on  the  organization  of  the 
Livingston  County  National  Bank  in  1871, 
he  was  elected  to  his  present  position. 

JOHN  W.  EAGLE,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Pon- 
tiac; was  born  in  Gallia  Co.,  Ohio.  Dec.  20, 
t  1819,  where  he  resided  until  1850,  and 
then  removed  to  Meigs  Co.,  Ohio,  where 
he  followed  merchandising  successfully  up 
to  1856  ;  he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  purchased  640  acres  of  land,  having 
visited  the  county  the  year  before,  and 
bought  80  acres,  and  engaged  in  raising 
fall  wheat ;  the  season  of  1857  was  so  wet 
that  he  lost  300  acres  of  wheat,  and  the 
next  year  500  acres  from  the  same  cause ; 
this,  added  to  a  loss  of  some  $5,000  in 
Ohio,  so  embarra.ssed  him  that  he  sold  off 
all  but  eightv  acres,  and  went  to  Pike's 
Peak,  where  he  succeeded  in  locating  two 
rich  claims,  which,  however,  were  illegally 
taken  from  him  by  the  Kansas  border  ruf- 
fians, who  held  sway  there  for  some  time  ; 
returning  at  the  end  of  three  years,  he 
spent  the  time  from  1861  to  1865  in  farm- 
ing and  carpentering.  He  was  then  ap- 
pointed City  Marshal,  and  held  that  i)Osi- 
tion  three  years ;  during  two  years  of  this 
time  he  sei'ved  as  Deputy  Sheriff,  under 
James  H.  Gaft".  In  18tj8,  he  again  engaged 
in  farming,  which  he  has  followed  to  the 
present  time.  He  was  married  Oct.  25, 
1843,  to  Miss   Jeannette  Womeldorff,  of 


630 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES : 


Gallia  Co.,  Ohio  ;  they  have  two  children 
living — Mary  E.  (now  Mrs.  Charles  L. 
Bigelow,  of  Pontiac)  and  Fannie  L. ;  one 
child,  George  W.,  died  in  1860. 

RICHARD  EVANS, farmer;  P.O.  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  New  Town,  Montgomery- 
shire, North  Wales,  Dec.  3,  1811  ;  he  was 
raised  to  the  business  of  a  woolen  manufac- 
turer, his  father  being  engaged  in  that  busi- 
ness ;  he  came  to  the  United  States  in  1831, 
and  settled  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Conn.,  and  car- 
ried on  the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods 
about  seven  years  in  that  county,  and  ten 
years  in  New  Haven  Co.  In  1834,  he  revisit- 
ed his  native  country  and  was  there  married, 
Jan.  23,  1835,  to  "Miss  Esther  Jones,  of 
Montgomeryshire;  she  was  born  July  10, 
1810  ;  they  have  had  seven  children,  three 
of  whom  are  living — Jane  (now  Mrs.  C.  W. 
Osborn  of  Pontiac),  Mary  L.  (now  wife  of 
Alfred  Dann  of  Owego  Tp.),  and  Esther 
S. ;  one  son,  Richard,  was  a  member  of  Co. 
D,  20th  111.  Vols.,  and  died  in  Feb.,  1862, 
from  disease  contracted  in  the  service  of 
country.  Mr.  P^vans  removed  to  Ohio  in 
1848,  and  in  1854  to  Livingston  Co. ;  he 
resides  in  the  city,  but  owns  a  farm  of  80 
acres  on  Sec.  13,  which  he  is  engaged  in 
cultivating.  He  was  Township  Trustee  and 
Commissioner  of  Highways  in  Owego  Tp., 
and  has  served  several  terras  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Highways  in  Pontiac. 

JOHN  EGAN,  Constable  of  Pontiac 
Tp.,  was  born  in  Kings  Co.,  Ireland,  in 
1823  ;  he  received  a  liberal  education  in  the 
national  schools  of  the  city  of  Dublin  ;  he 
engaged  in  teaching  for  a  number  o'  years 
in  Ireland,  and  in  1854  came  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
where  he  resided  some  ten  years,  being  the 
confidential  clerk  of  the  Northern  Trans- 
portation Company  for  about  six  years  ; 
he  removed  to  Pontiac,  in  May,  1863, 
where  he  has  resided  ever  since.  In  1873, 
he  was  elected  Constable  of  Pontiac  Tp., 
which  office  he  still  holds  ;  he  also  served 
as  City  and  Township  Collector,  in  1875 
and  1876.  He  was  married  Jan.  22, 
1864,  to  Miss  Eliza  Breen,  of  the  Province 
of  Ontario  ;  they  have  four  children  living 
— Thomas  J.,  Margaret  E.,  Mary  E.  and 
Eliza  F.  ;  one  child,  Martin  E.,  died  in 
1874. 

COL.  J.  G.  FORD,  Proprietor  of  Liv- 
ingston County  Democrat,  Pontiac;  was 
born  in  Caldwell  County,  Ky.,  in   1831; 


at   the 
and    went 


age 


of    12    years    he  left   home 
to    Owensboro,     Ky.,    arriv- 


ing on  foot  in  the  town  which  was  after- 
ward his  home  for  thirty-three  years  ;  hav- 
ing a  natural  taste  for  journalism,  he  learned 
the  printing  business,  and  in  i856  estab- 
lished the  Southern  Shield,  the  oldest 
newspaper  in  Southern  Kentucky,  which 
he  continued  up  to  July,  1876.  We  ex- 
tract the  following  from  an  article  in  the 
Illustrated  Historical  Atlas  of  Daviess 
County,  Ky.,  published  in  1875  :  "  Ford's 
Southern  Shield,  one  of  the  most  widely 
circulated  and  influential  papers  of  the 
Green  River  country,  was  established  in 
1856,  by  its  present  editor  and  proprietor, 
Joshua  G.  Ford.  The  claim  is  made  for 
it,  that  it  is  the  oldest  paper  in  Southern 
Kentucky,  and  under  the  control  of  its 
editor.  Col.  Ford,  it  has  been  thoroughly 
identified  with  the  interests  of  this  section 
of  the  State  during  the  score  of  years  of 
its  existence.  Its  columns  have  been  filled 
with  interesting  reading  matter,  and  the 
conduct  of  the  paper  has  been  marked  by 
a  freedom  in  the  discussion  of  various  top- 
ics which  has  made  it  a  live  newspaper  in 
every  sense  of  that  term.  The  editor  has 
not  hesitated  to  express  his  own  opinions 
fearlessly  on  the  issues  of  the  day,  and 
while  the  local  department  has  been  main- 
tained in  a  peculiarly  spicy  and  attractive 
manner,  questions  of  State  and  National 
bearing  have  not  been  passed  over  in 
silence.  It  has  been  Democratic,  of  course, 
in  politics ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  has  pre- 
served an  independence  which  has  done 
much  to  add  to  its  influence."  On  the 
22d  of  December,  1857,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Eliza  Imbler,  of  Owensboro ;  they 
have  five  children — Clinton  G.,  Charlie 
W.,  Daisy  B.,  Frank  W.  and  Josh.  G. 
In  1875,  Col.  Ford  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  from  Daviess  Coun- 
ty, receiving  the  unprecedented  majority 
of  1,100  votes.  In  September,  1876,  he 
removed  to  Marshall  Co.,  111.,  and  estab- 
lished Ford's  Marshall  County  Democrat, 
which  he  published  successfully  until  June, 
1878,  when  he  came  to  Pontiac  and  estab- 
lished Ford's  Livingston  County  Democrat, 
which  is  now  being  conducted  by  him  with 
success. 

RICHARD  D.  FOLKS,  carpenter  and 
builder,  Pontiac;  was  born  in  New  York 
City,  Oct.  25,  1835;    when  he  was  about 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP 


631 


17  years  of  age,  he  learned  the  trade  of 
piano  maker,  at  which  he  worked  until  he 
was?  20  years  old;  he  then  engaged  in  car- 
pentcriDg  and  stair  building;  came  to  Chi- 
cago in  185G,  and  in  1858  removed  to 
Pontiac,  since  which  time  he  has  resided 
here,  engaged  in  his  business  as  a  carpenter 
and  builder;  he  was  the  contractor  and 
builder  of  the  second  Phcenix  Hotel,  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  and  other  prominent 
buildings  ;  he  also  superintended  the  build- 
ing of  the  Methodist  Church.  He  enlisted 
in  August,  1862,  in  Co.  G,  129th  I.  V.  I., 
was  promoted  in  September  to  Orderly 
Sergeant,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war ;  he  was  in  every  battle  in  which  his 
regiment  was  engaged.  He  was  married 
April  25,  18(i0,  to  Miss  Elmira  Wallen,  of 
Pontiac,  and  has  three  children — Carrie 
E..  John  E.  and  Maud. 

WM.  B.  FYFE,  attorney  at  law,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Nov. 
19,  1822 ;  he  was  raised  to  the  mer- 
cantile business,  and  in  1844  came  to  Can- 
ada as  the  em})loye  of  a  wholesale  dry 
goods  house  in  Hamilton,  Ontario,  remain- 
ing until  1849,  when  he  came  to  Ottawa, 
111.,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  trade  in 
company  with  another  employe  of  the 
Hamilton  house.  He  was  always  a  staunch 
Abolitionist ;  was  associated  with  Owen 
Lovejoy,  James  H.  Collins,  Ichabod  Cod- 
ding, Chauncey  Cook,  Otis  Richardson, 
John  Hossack,  Rev.  H.  H.  Hinman  and 
others  in  the  early  days  of  the  anti-slavery 
movement,  and  while  in  Ottawa  kept  one 
of  the  depots  of  the  Underground  Rail- 
road. He  came  lo  Livingston  County  in 
1856,  and  followed  merchandising  two 
yeai-s  at  New  Michigan,  and  then  went  to 
farming;  in  1862,  he  removed  to  Pontiac 
and  entered  the  law  office  of  E.  A.  Hard- 
ing. In  the  Fall  of  the  same  year,  he  en- 
listed in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  Co.  G,  and 
was  with  Sherman  on  his  march  "from 
Atlanta  to  the  Sea."  On  his  return,  he 
was  appointed  Deputy  County  Treasurer  and 
Co.  Land  Commissioner,  and  in  1867  was 
elected  County  Treasurer,  serving  two 
years,  since  which  time  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  law,  to  which  he 
was  admitted  in  1867.  He  was  married 
Aug.  29,  1850,  to  Miss  Mary  M.  Stark,  of 
Glasgow,  Scotland  ;  they  have  seven  chil- 
dren living — Maggie  E.  (now  Mrs.  E. 
Miles  of  Chicago;,  Mary  E.,  Alice,  Hattie 


B.,  Jessie  M.,  William  B.  and  Ormiston 
B.;  one  daughter,  Julia,  died  in  1863. 

JOHN  A.  FELLOWS,  abstract  and 
loan  agent,  Pontiac;  was  born  in  Tomp- 
kins Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  14,  1831  ;  when  he 
was  12  years  of  age,  his  parents  removed 
to  Walworth  Co.,  Wis. ;  after  their  death 
he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  to  reside  with 
his  uncle,  Isaac  Burgit,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Avoca  Tp.  ;  after  one  year,  he 
came  to  Pontiac  and  remained  about  two 
years,  and  then  returned  to  Wise(jnsin ; 
two  years  later,  he  came  again  to  Pontiac, 
which  place  has  been  his  permanent  home 
ever  since ;  up  to  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  he  was  engaged  in  clerking.  In  1862, 
he  enlisted  in  Co.  G,  129th  I.  V.  I.,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  On  his 
return  he  was  appointed  Postmaster,  and 
entered  the  drug  business  wi^h  James  A. 
Caldwell,  which  he  continued  about  thir- 
teen months,  and  then  engaged  in  the  agri- 
cultural implement  business;  he  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Circuit  Clerk  Jan.  1,  1869, 
and  at  the  end  of  four  years  was  elected 
Circuit  Clerk.  During  his  term  of  office, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  R.  Olney, 
Esq.,  in  the  abstract  business,  which  still 
continues.  He  was  married  x\pril  10, 
1862,  to  Miss  Lucinda  H.  Holting.sworth, 
of  Pontiac;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  Oct., 
1831. 

A.  F.  FISHER,  capitalist,  Pontiac; 
was  born  near  the  City  of  Berlin,  Prussia. 
Oct.  4,  1838  ;  he  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1855,  andspentthreeyears  with  an  older 
brother  in  Chicago,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  a  carriage  maker,  and  then  was  em- 
ployed by  his  brother  in  the  lumber  business 
until  he  came  to  Pontiac,  in  1858  ;  he  en- 
tered the  employ  of  Wm.  Ellis,  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  continued  with  hhn  until 
1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V. 
I.,  Co.  G,  and  serving  until  1865,  Avhen  he 
was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment;  he 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and 
was  with  Sherman  from  Chattanooga  to 
Atlanta  ;  he  took  part  in  most  of  the  bat- 
tles in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  after- 
ward served  in  the  famous  march  through 
the  Carolinas.  On  his  return  from  the  war, 
he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  for  him- 
self, and  did  a  successful  business  for  over 
twelve  years,  building  up  a  trade  second  to 
none  in  the  State,  outside  of  Chicago  ;  dur- 
ing the  last  three  years  of  his  business,  he 


632 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


sold  about  four  million  feet  of  lumber  an- 
nually ;  in  Aug.,  1877,  he  sold  his  busi- 
ness to  Mitchell  &  Keck,  and  is  now  en- 
gaged in  looking  after  his  investments, 
loaning  money,  etc. ;  he  has  always  been 
an  enterprising  business  man,  and  a  public- 
spirited  citizen,  and  in  recognition  of  his 
merits,  he  was  elected  Mayor  of  the 
city  in  1877  ;  he  has  also  served  three 
terms  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Alder- 


men. 


JOSEPH  FISCHER,  furniture  and 
undertaker,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Bavaria, 
Germany,  May  1.  1842  ;  he  learned  his 
trade  of  a  cabinet  maker,  at  the  age  of  16 
years,  which  he  followed  in  his  native  coun- 
try until  1865,  when  he  came  to  the  United 
States  ;  after  remaining  in  New  York  City 
one  year,  he  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in 
Geneseo,  where  he  established  himself  in 
the  furniture  business;  in  1872,  he  re- 
moved to  Chicago,  where  he  followed  the 
same  business  four  years,  coming  to  Pon- 
tiac in  1876.  He  was  married  May 
5,  1870,  to  Miss  Annie  Koch,  of  Geneseo, 
111.  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany,  on  the  2d 
of  Feb.,  1847  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Louisa  and  Anton. 

REV.  H.  W.  FINCH,  Pastor  of  St. 
Mary's  Church,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  the 
city  of  New  Orleans,  Nov.  21,  1853  ;  when 
he  was  about  13  years  of  age,  he  entered 
the  University  of  Louisiana,  at  Baton  Rouge, 
remaining  two  and  a  half  years  ;  he  after- 
ward graduated  from  St.  Vincent's  College, 
at  Cape  Girardeau,  Mo.,  in  June,  1869,  and 
remaining  three  years  longer  in  the  insti- 
tution, engaged  in  the  study  of  theology ; 
received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1872  ;  he 
then  returned  to  New  Orleans  and  was 
employed  as  a  reporter  on  the  New  Orleans 
Republican  ;  one  year  later,  he  came  north, 
remaining  three  months  at  Mexico,  Mo., 
and  then  spent  seven  months  at  a  German 
Seminary  in  Milwaukee,  in  order  to  per- 
fect himself  in  the  German  language ; 
thence  he  went  to  Chicago  and  was  or- 
dained a  clergyman,  by  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thos. 
Foley.  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Chicago  ; 
he  then  officiated  one  month  in  St.  Mary's 
Church,  on  Wabash  av.,  in  the  absence  of 
the  Pastor  ;  after  which  he  was  appointed 
assistant  to  the  Rev.  P.  Toner,  of  Cham- 
paign, 111.,  where  he  remained  eleven 
months,  and  on  the  8th  of  July,  1877,  was 
settled  over  the  church  in  Pontiac,  and  has 


also   the  pastoral   charge  of  a   church  in 
Nebraska  Tp. 

J.  M.  FINLEY,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  ; 
Sec.  4 ;  P.  0.  Rowe  Station ;  was  born  in 
Delaware  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  25,  1831  ;  when 
he  was  about  6  years  of  age,  his  father 
removed  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Kane  Co., 
where  Mr.  Finley  resided  until  1853  ;  he 
then  came  to  Livingston  County,  and  the 
following  year  opened  his  present  farm, 
being  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the 
neighborhood;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $45  an  acre.  He  was  married 
on  the  20th  of  November,  1861,  to  Mi.ss 
Frances  E.  McDougall,  of  Livingston 
County  ;  she  was  born  in  East  Manchester, 
Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  25,  1842;  they 
have  two  children — Marian  E.  and  Eloi.se 
0.  Mr.  Finley  has  served  one  term  as 
Commissioner  of  Highways,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent School  Director. 

J.  W.  FILKINS,  M.  D.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Pontiac  ;  is  a  native  of  New  York 
State ;  he  was  born  on  the  22d  of  May, 
1845  ;  when  he  was  2  years  old,  his  parents 
removed  to  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  where  he  lived 
until  1860  ;  he  began  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  Dr.  S.  M.  Davis,  of  River  Falls, 
Wis.,  and  in  1862  entered  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital Medical  College,  graduating  in  1864, 
at  the  age  of  19  years;  he  received  the 
"  ad  eundem"  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the 
Chicago  Medical  College  in  1866;  during 
his  attendance  there,  he  practiced  in  he 
Mercy  Hospital ;  he  settled  in  Pontiac  the 
the  same  year,  and  entered  upon  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  ;  in  addition  to  his 
practice  as  a  physician,  he  had  always  been 
engaged  in  business  enterprises,  being  owner 
of  a  part  of  Union  Block — the  finest  block 
of  buildings  in  the  county — of  the  Union 
Elevators,  having  a  capacity  of  25,000 
bushels,  and  of  the  Union  Drug  Store.  He 
was  married  Dec.  25,  1867,  to  Miss  Carrie 
E.  Moore,  of  Pontiac,  and  has  one  child 
living — Mabel.  Dr.  Filkins  is  United 
States  Examining  Surgeon. 

NATHAN  S.  GRAND Y,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  Sec.  23 ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was 
born  in  Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  6,  1816; 
he  was  raised  to  farming  pursuits,  which  he 
has  followed  most  of  his  life.  He  was  mar- 
ried Jan.  13,  1850,  to  Miss  Eunice  Kent, 
of  his  native  county,  and  in  June,  the  same 
year,  removed  to  Greene  Co.,  111.,  residing 
there  six  years ;  his  wife  died  there  April 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


633 


4,  1853.  He  wa.>;  married  again.  Feb.  13. 
1854,  to  Miss  Harriet  E.  Christy,  uf  Greene 
County,  and  has  eisiht  children — Truman 
E.,  Harriet  A.,  Clara,  Charles,  George, 
William,  Henry  and  Mary.  In  August, 
1856,  he  removed  to  Livingston  County, 
settling  in  what  is  now  Owego  Township, 
which  he  hel])ed  to  organize  in  1858;  re- 
moved to  Pontiac  in  1872,  and  settled  on 
his  present  farm,  adjoining  the  city  on  the 
east,  where  he  has  275  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $20,000  ;  he  also  has  a  farm  of  IGO 
acres  in  Owego  Township,  valued  at 
$6,400.  He  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  1858,  serving  eight  years,  and  has 
also  served  two  years  on  the  Board  of 
Supervisors. 

HENRY  G.  GREENEBAUM,  Cashier 
of  the  Livingston  County  National  Bank  ; 
Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Gelnhausen,  Ger- 
many, on  the  6th  of  May.  1837  ;  he  came 
to  this  country  in  1854,  and  after  spending 
two  years  in  Lexinglon.  McLean  Co., 
came  to  Pontiac  in  1856  ;  he  engaged  with 
his  brother,  J.  M.  Greenebaum,  in  the  cloth- 
ing business,  the  firm  being  Greenebaum 
Bros.,  which  they  continued  until  1874; 
they  established  the  Livingston  County 
National  Bank  in  1871,  with  J.  M.  Greene- 
baum as  President,  and  Henry  G,  as 
Cashier.  He  was  married  Aug.  14,  1864, 
t(»  Miss  Carrie  Hart,  of  Chicago,  who  was 
born  in  Germany,  Nov.  27,  1847  ;  they 
have  three  children — Moses,  Harry  and 
Rosie.  Mr.  Greenebaum  is  considered  one 
of  the  ablest  financiers  of  the  county,  and 
during  a  long  business  career,  has  by  upright 
and  honorable  dealing  gained  the  con- 
fidence of  the  entire  community. 

H.  B.  GUNSUL,  livery,  sale  and  feed 
stable,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Albany,  N. 
Y.,  Dec.  27,  1833  ;  when  he  was  about  6 
years  old,  his  parents  removed  to  Water- 
town,  N.  Y.,  where  they  lived  until  about 
1847,  and  then  came  to  Illinois,  settling  in 
Lisbon,  Kendall  Co.,  where  his  mother  still 
resides  ;  at  the  age  of  18  years,  Mr.  Gun- 
sul  went  to  Chicago,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  business  of  a  carpenter ;  he  came  to 
Pontiac  in  1856,  and  followed  his  trade 
until  1862,  when  he  engaged  in  the  livery 
business. ;  in  the  fire  of  July  4,  1874,  his 
stable  was  burned  down,  and  he  then  built 
his  present  stable — the  finest  in  the  county 
— at  a  cost  of  $4,500  ;  he  keeps  an  average 
of  some  twenty-five  horses,  and  a  fine  stock 


of  carriages,  buggies,  etc. ;  he  is  also 
engaged  in  farming,  having  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres  on  Sec.  3,  which  he  farms  in 
connection  with  eighty  acres  adjoining. 
He  was  married  in  the  Fall  of  1867,  to  Miss 
Kate  Winans,  of  Owego,  N.  Y.,  and  has 
two  children — Louis  1'.  and  Harry. 

J.  H.  GAFF,  blacksmith,  Pontiac;  was 
born  in  Xenia,  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  March 
23,  1827  ;  when  he  was  4  years  of  age, 
his  mother  removed  with  her  f\imily  to 
Fayette  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  resided  until 
1851  ;  he  followed  farm  life  until  he  was 
18  years  old,  and  then  learned  the  trade  of 
a  blacksmith,  which  he  has  followed  to  the 
present  time ;  in  1851,  he  removed  to 
McLean  Co.,  111.,  residing  there  until  his 
removal  to  Pontiac  in  1859.  Worked  at 
blacksmithing  until  September,  1862, 
when  he  enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I., 
as  a  private  in  Co.  G  ;  was  promoted  to 
Sergeant  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war  ;  he  took  part  in  every  battle  in  which 
the  regiment  was  engaged.  In  the  Fall  of 
1866,  he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Livingston 
Co.,  serving  two  years,  and  afterward  two 
years  as  Deputy  Sheriff;  he  held  office  of 
Assessor  for  four  years.  He  was  married 
Dec.  23,  1850,  to  Miss  Catherine  Powell, 
of  Fayette  Co.,  Ohio,  and  has  one  child 
living — Ann  E. 

C.  C.  GILBERT,  bakery,  confectionery 
and  ice-cream  parlors,  Pontiac  ;  was  born 
in  Sidney,  Province  of  Ontario,  March  8, 
1839  ;  he  was  raised  to  ftirming  pursuits, 
which  he  followed  until  his  removal  to  Illi- 
nois, in  December,  1864 ;  coming  to  Chi- 
cago, he  remained  there  a  month,  and  then 
went  to  Lacon,  Marshall  Co.,  where  he 
learned  his  trade  of  a  baker,  and  followed 
it  there  five  years,  coming  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1870  ;  he  settled  in  Dwight,  where 
he  remained  four  years,  and  then  canie  to 
Pontiac  in  1874,  remaining  here  ever  since. 
He  is  a  member  of  Pontiac  Lodge,  No. 
262,  I.  0.  0.  F.,  and  also  of  Vermilion 
Encampment  No.  54,which  he  represented, 
in  1877  and  1878,  in  the  Grand  Encamp- 
ment of  Illinois;  he  was  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  Dwight  Lodge,  No.  513, 1.  O. 
O.  F.,  which  was  instituted  in  1873. 

BENJAMIN  W.  GRAY,  harness  and 
saddles,  Pontiac ;  was  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Pontiac;  born  in  Hopkins- 
ville,  Ky.,  Jan.  31,  1820;  when  about 
15  years  of  age,  he  learned  the  trade  of 


634 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


a  harness  maker,  and  at  the  age  of  19, 
came  to  Clinton,  DeWitt  Co.,  111.,  and, 
some  years  later,  to  Bloomington  ;  in  1853, 
he  removed  to  Pontiac,  and  after  following 
the  saddle  and  harness  business  a  short 
time,  engaged  in  merchandising.  Soon 
after  coming  here,  he  was  appointed  Post- 
master by  President  Pierce,  and  served 
until  1856,  when  he  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Livingston  Co.,  and 
held  that  office  four  years  ;  on  the  expii'a- 
ation  of  his  term  of  office  he  engaged  in 
the  milling  business  for  a  few  years,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  principally 
in  his  business  of  a  harness  maker.  He 
was  married  in  November,  1844,  to  Miss 
Lavenia  Jones,  of  Logan  Co.,  111.;  .she  is 
a  native  of  Indiana,  and  was  born  Feb.  6, 
1826 ;  they  have  one  child  living — Harriet 
H.,  now  3Irs.  John  A.  Montgomery,  of 
Chicago ;  they  have  lost  two  children,  a 
fon  and  a  daughter,  by  death. 

JOHN  H.  GIBBONS,  Constable,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Onondaga  County,  N. 
Y.,  Aug.  30,  1846 ;  he  is  a  son  of  James 
Gibbons,  a  stone  mason  of  that  county, 
who  died  when  John  H.  was  about  8  years 
of  age.  He  enlisted  in  August,  1862,  in 
Co.  E,  111th  Ni  w  York  Vols.,  served  in 
the  army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  present 
at  both  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  the  bat- 
tle of  Gettysburg,  Chancellorsville,  and 
the  seven  days'  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded  on  the  7th 
of  May,  1864,  from  which  he  was  laid  up 
nearly  a  year ;  was  mustered  out  in  3Iarch, 
1865,  and  the  year  following,  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Joliet,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1874,  when  he  removed  to 
Pontiac ;  he  followed  his  trade  of  a  carriage 
painter  up  to  May,  1877,  when  be  was 
elected  Constable.  He  was  married  Oct. 
12,  1870,  to  Miss  Marj  A.  Mehan,  of 
Lockport,  111.:  they  have  one  child — 
John  H. 

H.  W.  GORE,  of  the  firm  of  Evers  & 
Gore,  dealers  in  clothing,  hats  and  caps, 
gents'  furnishing  goods,  trunks  and  va- 
lises ;  was  born  in  Adams  Co..  Ohio,  Aus,-. 
3,  1842 ;  he  is  a  son  of  William  Gore, 
who  came  to  Illinois  in  1851,  and  settled 
in  Livingston  County  in  1853,  and  after 
living  in  Rook's  Creek  Township  until 
1856,  removed  to  Pontiac,  where  his 
father  now  resides ;  he  was  raised  to  farm- 
ing pursuits,  but  on  becoming  of  age,  he 


engaged  in  clerking  in  Pontiac ;  he  started 
in  business  for  him.self  in  November,  1877, 
with  Mr.  F.  0.  Evers,  in  the  clothing  busi- 
ness ;  they  keep  a  complete  stock  of  every- 
thing in  their  line,  which  they  sell  at  the 
lowest  prices.  He  was  married  on  the  24th 
of  Feb.,  1870,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Brown,  of 
Verden,  ^lacoupin  Co.,  111.  ;  they  have 
one  child — Edna  May,  born  May  2,  1877. 

A.  E.  HARDING,  attorney  at  law; 
Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Gene.see  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  24,  1830 ;  he  was  raised  on  the 
farm,  and  in  1849,  entered  the  Genesee 
and  Wyoming  Seminary,  afterward  attend- 
ing Bethany  Academy  ;  prepared  for  Yale 
College,  and  went  to  Connecticut  and 
taught  during  the  Winter,  intending  to 
enter  college  in  the  Spring,  but  his  health 
failing,  he  returned  to  Allegany  County 
and  read  law  in  the  office  of  his  brother, 
E.  E.  Hardhig,  Esq.  ;  while  there,  he  was 
elected  School  Commissioner  of  the  county  : 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  May,  1856,  at 
Buffald,  N.  Y.,  and  practiced  one  year 
with  his  brother,  coming  to  Pontiac  in 
1857.  He  was  married  in  Oct.,  1856,  to 
Miss  Laura  G.  Manwaring,  of  New  Lon- 
don, Conn.,  who  died  in  1875,  leaving  two 
sons — Ben  A.  and  Alfred.  After  his 
arrival  in  Pontiac,  Mr.  Harding  took 
charge  of  the  Livingston  County  \ews, 
which  he  edited  until  Jan.  1,  1859,  advo- 
cating the  cause  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas, 
of  whom  he  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer. 
He  is  the  earliest  attorney  now  practicing 
in  Pontiac.  Was  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  at  the  time  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  city  in  1872,  and  was  elected 
Mayor  in  1875,  holding  the  offi-ce  two 
years ;  he  has  twice  declined  the  nomina- 
tion as  candidate  for  Member  of  Congress 
on  the  Democratic  ticket. 

P.  M.  HANNAMAN,  dealer  in  gro- 
ceries, etc.,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Hamil- 
ton Co.,  Ind.,  Oct.  20,  1837  ;  his  grand- 
father, John  Hannaman,  settled  on  a  Span- 
ish land  grant,  near  East  St.  Louis,  in 
Illinois,  in  1797;  afterward  removing 
to  the  blue  grass  region  of  Kentucky, 
thence  to  Ohio,  and  coming  to  Rooks' 
Creek,  in  what  is  now  Livingston  Co., 
in  1828  ;  during  the  troubles  of  the  Black 
Hawk  war,  he  returned  to  Indiana ;  in 
1841,  Peter  M.,  then  a  child  of  4  years, 
came,  with  his  mother  and  step-father,  to 
Livingston   County ;  he   came  to  Pontiac 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


635 


at  the  age  of  18  years,  and  is  the  second 
oldest  settler  of  the  county  now  livinj^;  in 
the  city  ;  he  has  been  engaf^ed,  since 
185H,  in  the  bakery  and  general  grocery 
business.  He  was  married  3Iarch  25, 
1860,  to  Miss  Marian  M.  Brewer,  of  Ot-  j 
st'go  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  has  three  children 
living — George  B.,  Inez  I.  and  Stella  T.   1 

EPHRAIM  HOUDER,    tanner    and 
stock  raiser  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born   in 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  Dec.  24,   1822;  he  , 
is  a  son  of  Jacob  Ilouder,  one  of  the  prom- 
inent farmers  of  Pontiac  Tp. ;  when  he  was 
9  years  of  age,  his  father's  family  removed 
to    Montgomery    Co.,    Ohio,    where    the 
family  resided  until  1859,  and   then   came 
to  Livingston  Co.  ;  Mr.  Houder,  however, 
removed  to  the  State  in   1851,  settling  in 
Tazewell  Co.,  and  in   1858,  came  to  Liv- 
ing.ston  Co.,  and  after  spending  three  years 
in  Rook's  Creek  Tp.,  settled  on  his  present 
farm  ;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land  in   Ep- 
pard's  Point  Tp.,  valued  at  $35   an  acre. 
In  Aug.,  1861,  Mr.  Houder  enlisted  in  Co. 
C,  39th  I.  V.  I.,  serving  until  six  months 
after  the  surrender  of  Lee's  army  ;  among 
the  principle  battles  in  which   he  was  en- 
gaged may  be  mentioned  Bermuda  Hun- 
dreds, Winchester,  siege  of  Charleston,  the 
Peninsula  Campaign,  etc.     He  married  on 
the  15th  of  May,  1857,  to  Miss  Hannah 
F.  Harder,  of  La  Salle  Co.  ;  she  was  born 
in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  4,  1833  ;  they 
have  one  child — Leroy  G.,  and  an  adopted 
child,  John  H.  Bochen.     Mr.  H.  has  been 
School  Director  for  the  past  seven  years. 

BENNET  HUMISTON,  farmer,  stock 
raiser  and  stock  dealer ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ; 
was  born  in  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Sept.  6, 
1 830  ;  he  received  a  common  school  edu- 
cation, and  afterward  spent  two  years  in  an 
academy;  he  came  West  in  1852,  and 
after  looking  about  the  country,  settled  in 
what  is  now  Esmen  Township,  Livings- 
ton Co.,  and,  with  Mr.  Apollus  Camp, 
entered  a  section  of  land  in  one  body,  be- 
sides other  outlying  tracts ;  Mr.  Humis- 
ton  continued  to  purchase  land  until  he 
had,  at  one  time,  about  a  thousand  acres  ; 
he  now  owns  550  acres,  and  also  a  fine 
residence,  built  at  a  cost  of  not  less  than 
86,000,  in  Pontiac,  to  which  place  he 
removed  in  July  1876 ;  when  he  came  to 
Esmen  Township,  there  was  not  a  house 
between  there  and  Pontiac,  a  distance 
of   seven   miles,    and    the    nearest    house 


in  any  direction  was  nearly  four  miles 
away;  the  timber  for  his  house  was  hauled 
from  Ottawa,  a  distance  of  thirty  miles  ; 
he  has  always  been  engaged  in  raising 
and  dealing  in  stock,  and  has  now  about 
120  head  of  cattle,  a  portion  of  them  thor- 
oughbred, and  twenty  head  of  horses.  Mr. 
Humiston  was  married  May  22.  1856,  to 
Miss  Harriet  J.  Camp,  daughter  of  Apol- 
lus Camp,  who  now  resides  in  Emsen 
Township,  on  the  place  first  located  by 
them. 

S.  W.  HUBER,  dealer  in  live  stock 
and  proprietor  of  Centennial  Meat  3Iarket, 
Pontiac ;  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1866.  He  was  born  in  York 
Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  26, 1833,  but  was  raised  in 
Cumberland  Co.,  whither  his  parents  had 
removed  when  he  was  but  about  2  years  of 
age ;  in  1853,  he  went  to  Harrisburg, 
Penn.,  where  he  spent  one  year,  going 
from  that  place  to  Altoona,  Penn.,  where 
he  was  married  June  18,  1856,  to  Miss 
Amanda  E.  Runyan,  of  Altoona;  they 
have  two  children — Harris  W.  and  Martin 
H.  From  Altoona  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
1859,  and  settled  in  Atlanta,  Logan  Co., 
where  he  resided  until  his  removal,  in 
1866,  to  Pontiac,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since. 

J.  D.  HONEYWELL,  stone  and  brick 
mason,    Pontiac ;     was    born    in    Summit 
Co.,  Ohio,  August  30,  1837.      The   fol- 
lowing year  his  parents  removed  to  Portage 
Co.,.  in  the  same  State;  he   was  raised  to 
farming  and  the  mason's  trade ;  he  came 
to  Illinois  in   1861,  and  settled  in   Mar- 
shall Co.     In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted 
in  the  86th  111.  V.  I.,  and  on  the  organi- 
zation of  the  company  was  elected  Sergeant 
of   Co.    E ;     he    served  for    six  months, 
principally   in   Kentucky    and   Tennessee, 
and  was  discharged  for  disability  incurred 
in  the  line  of  duty.     In  1866,  he  came  to 
Pontiac,   where   he  has   remained    to   the 
present  time.      He  was  married   Sept.  7, 
1868,  to  Miss  Mary  L.  Powell,  daughter 
of  John  Powell,  of  Pontiac ;  she  was  born 
in  Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  7th  of  April, 
1848;  they  have  four   children   living — 
Mary  E.,  Jesse  F.,  Sarah  L.  and  Alva  B. ; 
1  one  child — John  W.,  died  in  July,  1872. 
1       SQUIRE  HENDERSHOT,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  7 ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  July  13,  1823 ; 
I  when   he   was   10   years   old,  his   father 


636 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES ; 


removed  to  Logan  Co.,  where  he  lived  till 
1850,  and  theu  removed  to  Kosciusko 
Co.,  Ind. ;  in  1860,  Mr.  Hendershot  came 
to  Illinois,  spent  four  years  in  McLean 
Co.,  and  then  settled  in  Livingston  Co.  in 
the  Spring  of  18G-4  ;  he  settled  on  his 
present  farm,  where  he  owns  184  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $45  an  acre.  "  He  was 
married  June  30,  1844,  to  Miss  Margaret 
A.  West,  of  Logan  Co.,  Ohio ;  she  was 
born  in  Clarke  Co.,  Ohio,  March  27, 
1824;  they  have  seven  children  living — 
Philip,  Sarah  C,  Oman,  Thomas,  Rosetta, 
Elsie  and  Amos. 

CHARLES  HANEY,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in 
the  province  of  Ontario  June  17,  1837; 
when  he  was  about  17  years  of  age,  his 
father  came  with  his  family  to  Illinois  and 
settled  in  Winnebago  Co.,  near  Rockford  ; 
in  the  Spring  of  1859,  the  family  re- 
moved to  Livingston  Co.  Mr.  Haney 
was  married  in  Pontiac  on  the  19th  of 
December,  1859,  to  Mrs..  Lorril la  Robin- 
son, of  Pontiac ;  her  maiden  name  was 
Lorrilla  Russell ;  she  was  born  in  Alle- 
gany Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  29,  1829,  and 
came  to  Illinois  in  1851  ;  they  have  two 
children — Charles  W.  and  Mattie  J.  Mrs. 
Haney  has  three  children  by  her  former 
marriage — James  P.,  Benjamin  M.  and 
Harriet  A.  On  the  22d  of  September, 
1862,  Mr.  Haney  enlisted  in  Co.  C, 
129th  I.  V.  I.,  and  served  till  the  close  of 
the  war  ;  he  was  with  Sherman  from 
Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  thence  through 
Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  and  home  via. 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  Washington,  D.  C, 
where  the  regiment  was  discharged  and- 
came  to  Chicago  to  be  paid  oif;  among 
the  engagements  in  which  he  participated 
may  be  mentioned  the  battles  of  Resaca, 
Burnt  Hickory,  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
Peach  Tree  Creek,  siege  of  Atlanta,  bat- 
tle of  Bennington,  and  others.  Mr. 
Haney  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1873,  where  he  owns  120  acres  of  land  on 
Sees.  17  and  18,  valued  at  $45  an  acre. 

R.  J.  JOHNSON,  coal  dealer,  Pontaic; 
was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Ind.,  April  2, 
1843 ;  his  parents  lived  in  Warren  Co., 
Ind.,  until  1852,  when  they  removed  to 
Livingston  County,  and  settled  near  Pon- 
tiac;  Mr.  Johnson  received  an  English 
education  in  the  common  schools.  In 
1862,  he  entered  the  69th  I.  V.  I.,  as  a 


member  of  Co.  G,  and  was  promoted   to 
the   rank  of   Sergeant ;  he  served  in  the 

\  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  with  his  regiment  at  the  close  of 

[  the  war.  Returning,  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, following  it  until  1874,  when  he  en- 

,  gaged  in  his  present  business.  He  served 
as  School  Trustee  of  Avoca  Township 
from  1871  till  1874.  He  is  First  Lieu- 
tenant of  Co.  A,  10th  Battalion  111.  Nat. 

:  Guards,  having  enlisted  as  a  private,  and 
promoted  Oct.  1,  1877.  He  was  married 
Jan  1,  1867,  to  Miss  Elmira  Robinson,  of 
Pontiac,  formerly  of  New  Jersey,  and  has 
one  child — Maggie  J. 

A.  K.  JOHNSON,  M.  D.,  homeo- 
pathic physician,  Pontiac;  a  native  of  this 
State;  he  is  a  son  of  William  Johnson,  of 
Ottawa,  and  was  born  in  Marseilles,  La 
Salle  Co.,  Jan.  15,  1852;  after  re- 
ceiving a  liberal  education,  he  began  the 

!  .study  of  medicine  in  1875,  in  the  office  of 
Dr.  G.  A.   Corning,  of  Marseilles,  enter- 

I  ing  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  Chi- 
cago, in  1876,  and  receiving  his  degree 
Feb.  21,  1878;  he  at  once  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  medicine  in  Pontiac,  and 
has  already  an  extensive  practice,  which 
is  steadily  increasing  as  he  becomes  better 
known. 

W.  H.  JENKINS,  Clerk  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Miami  Co., 
Ohio,  Jan.  11,  1846;  he  is  a  son  of 
Samuel  R.  Jenkins,  and  came  with  his 
parents  to  Esmen  Tp.,  Livingston  Co., 
at  the  age  of  13  years.  In  December, 
1863,  he  enhsted  in  Co.  C,  39th  I.  V.  I., 
and  served  until  May,  1865,  in  the  Array 
of  the  James,  in  Virginia;  he  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  neck  at  the  battle  of  Dru- 
ry's  Bluff;  on  the  15th  of  May,  1864; 
after  spending  about  three  months  in  the 
hospital,  he  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  on 
the  13th  of  October,  1864,  was  wounded 
in  the  right  leg  at  the  battle  of  Strawberry 
Plains,  from  the  effects  of  which  his  leg 
was  amputated  in  Chicago,  May  15,  1868. 
The  Winter  of  1866-7  he  spent  at  Bryant 
&  Stratton's  Commercial  College  in  Chi- 
vjago.  He  was  appointed  Deputy  County 
Clerk  in  December,  1868,  occupying  the 
position  six  years;  in  November,  1876, 
he  was  elected  Circuit  Clerk  of  Livingston 
County.  He  was  married  December  28, 
1870,  to  Miss  Emma  G.  Perry,  daughter 
of  Wm.  Perry,  of  Pontiac;    she  was  born 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


637 


ill  Moiitpomcry  Co.,  Ohio.  June  11,  18r)4; 
they  have  one  child  liviriir — Charles  L. 

MORRIS  JOHNSON,  dealer  in  stock, 
Pontiiii-;  was  horn  in  Monroe  Co.,  W. 
Va..  March  24.  182:5;  until  the  age  of  17 
he  remained  on  the  farm,  his  father  follow- 
ing that  calling;  he  then  entered  a  .store 
ji."  a  clerk,  and  at  the  age  of  2H  hegan 
bufine-ss  for  himself;  he  tame  to  Illinois 
in  1858,  spent  a  short  time  in  McLean 
County.  Vfturned  to  Virginia,  and  again 
came  West  the  following  Spring,  and  set- 
tled in  Livingston  County.  He  followed 
merchandising  nearly  five  years,  and  then 
engaged  in  dealing  in  stock.  He  was  mar- 
ried Jan.  7,  1848,  to  Miss  Minerva  Ellis, 
of  the  same  county  and  State  ;  they  have 
two  children  living — E.  M.  Johnson, 
editor  of  the  Fontiac  Free  Trader,  and 
Eunice  J.,  now  Mrs.  C.  A.  McGregor,  of 
Pontiac.  Mr.  Johnson  .spent  the  Winter 
of  1877-8  in  Texas,  returning  in  the 
Spring  of  1878;  he  has  five  farms  in 
Pontiac  and  Eppard's  I'oint  Town.'^hips, 
comprising  571  acres,  and  valued  at  some 
$23  000. 

E.  M.  "JOHNSON,  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Foufidc  Frrr  Trader,  Pontiac  ;  firm 
of  Johnson  &  Stuff;  was  born  in  Monroe 
Co.,  W.  Va.,  May  11,1845  ;  he  left  there 
in  the  Fall  of  1856,  coming  to  Pontiac 
with  his  fatlior,  Morris  Johnson,  in  the 
Spring  of  1 8.*)7  ;  prepared  for  college  at  the 
Blue  Sul]>hur  Springs,  AV.  Va.,  and  en- 
tered the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University 
at  Bloomington.  in  18G3,  graduating  in 
18r(7  :  he  then  pursued  a  course  of  law 
studies  at  the  University  of  Michigan, 
gra<lu;iting  from  the  law  department  of 
that  institution  in  1809  ;  he  then  returned 
to  pontiac,  and  the  following  year,  1870, 
entered  the  newspaper  business  as  editor 
and  publisher  of  the  Free  Trader,  which 
he  has  ])laecd  on  a  firm  fonndation,  in- 
creasing its  circulation  until  it  now  has  a 
circulation  of  from  1.200  to  1,500  copies. 
Mr.  Johnson  being  an  earnest  advocate  of 
the  Greenback  cause,  the  Free-  Trader  has 
always  been  ably  conducted  in  the  interests 
of  the  Greenback  party.  He  was  married 
Dec.  8, 18(;!),  to  Miss  Carrie  M.  Saxton,  of 
Huntingdon,  Pcnii. 

It.  M.  JOHN,  abstract,  real  estate  and 
loan  ofiice,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Greene 
Co.,  Penn.,  May  13,  1844  ;  when  he  was 
about  2  years  old,  his  father's  family  re- 


I  moved  to  Wood  Co.,  Va.,  where  they  re- 
!  sided  seven  years,  removing  t^)  Marietta. 
Ohio,  in  1S53,  and  from  that  place  came 
to  Illinois  in  June,  1857,  settling  in  Coles 
Co.  ;  the  following  year,  Mr.  John  left, 
home  and  went  to  Moultrie  Co.,  where  he 
enlisted  in  (he  lOtli  I.  V.  C,  but  shortly 
after  his  enlistment  he  was  thrown  from  a 
horse,  by  which  his  hip  was  dislocated,  and 
he  was  rejected  at  the  time  of  the  muster  in 
of  his  regiment;  in  18(14,  he  recruited  a 
portion  of  Co.  E,  130th  I.  V.  I  ,  and  was 
appointed  Corporal,  and  was  soon  after 
promoted  to  Sergeant,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  ; 
he  had  jireviously  attended  Heading  Semi- 
nary, and  after  leaving  the  army  he  en- 
tered the  Wesleyan  University  at  Bloom- 
ington, and  in  1808,  attended  one  term  at 
the  State  Normal  Univc^rsity,  teaching 
school  in  the  meantime,  which  profession 
he  followed  principally  until  1872  ;  in  1873, 
he  entered  the  abstract  ofiice, of  R.  Olney 
<fc  Co.,  and  in  1875,  started  in  business  for 
him.self.  He  was  married  April  23,  1873, 
to  Miss  Mary  Nelson  of  Pontiac,  a  daughter 
of  James  Nelson,  Jr. 

LUKE  JORDON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sees.  17  and  18;  P.  0.  Pontiac; 
was  born  in  Wexford  Co.,  Ireland,  in  the 
Parish  of  Killanne,  in  1823;  in  1849,  ho 
came  to  the  United  States,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  various  employments  in  New 
York  City  until  the  4th  of  July,  18r)!», 
when  he  was  married  to  Miss  Ann  Ne- 
valle  of  New  York,  a  native  of  We.xford 
Co.,  Ireland  ;  Mr.  Jordon  resided  in  New 
York  until  1855,  when  he  came  to  Living- 
ston Co.;  after  living  in  Pontiac  three  years 
he  settled  on  his  present  farm,  piiicliasing 
forty  acres  of  land  of  the  county  on  credit, 
to  which  he  has  added  from  time  to  time, 
until  he  now  owiis  240  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  SI  1,000.  Mrs.  Jordon  died  Sept. 
18,  1872,  leaving  four  children — Thomas 
H.,  John,  James  and  Anna  M.  Mr.  Jordon 
has  served  thirteen  years  as  School  Director. 

I.  J.  KRACK,  County  Treasur<-r,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Baltimore  Co.,  iMd., 
Nov.  1(),  181G  ;  he  is  of  German  descent, 
his  grandparents  on  both  sides  being  from 
Germany  ;  in  his  father's  family  the;  Ger- 
man language  was  used  ;  after  receiving  a 
common  school  education,  he  followe<l 
teaching  during  the  winter  months  for 
about  eight  years  ;  in  1835,  h^  came  with 


638 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


his  parents  to  Montgomery  Co.,  Ind.,  and 
a  few  years  later  removed  to  Tippecanoe 
County;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in 
1854,  settling  at  Forrest,  which,  village  he 
laid  out  in  1866  ;  his  principal  business 
has  been  farming  and  dealing  in  'grain. 
He  was  appointed  the  first  Postmaster  at 
Forrest,  continuing  as  such  until  about  three 
years  ago  ;  he  was  Notary  Public  eight"  years 
in  Indiana,  and  several  terms  in  this  State; 
he  was  elected  Treasurer  of  Livingston 
County  in  November,  1877,  and  removed 
to  Pontiac  in  January,  1878.  He  was 
married  March  11,  18-40,  to  Miss  Mary 
Worl,  who  was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ind., 
Feb.  3,  1821  ;  they  have  seven  children — 
Mary  J.  now  Mrs.  Henry  H.  Ulbright,  of 
Forrest ;  o.Hn  M.,  William  L.  and  George 
C.,  all  of  Forrest  Township  ;  Delphia  D., 
wife  of  J.  W.  Grraham,  of  Lafayette, 
Ind. ;    Jessie  0.  and  Lizzie  A. 

JOSEPH  T.  KAY  of  the  firm  of  Duffy 
&  Kay,  insurance  and  real  estate  agents; 
Pontiac;  was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio, 
April  23,  1847  ;  when  he  was  about  6 
years  of  age,  his  parents  removed  to  High- 
land Co.,  Ohio,  residing  there  until  they 
removed  to  Livingston  County  in  1859. 
Mr  Kay  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  Pontiac,  and  at  the  High  School 
in  Peoria,  graduating  there  in  1868.  He 
was  appointed  Deputy  County  Treasurer  in 
1869,  and  remained  in  the  office  five  years, 
and  was  then  appointed  Deputy  County 
Clerk,  which  position  he  held  three  years. 
In  1877,  he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  and 
in.surance  busines.s  with  Mr.  Benjamin  A. 
Duffy,  which  they  still  continue.  He  was 
married  Oct.  15,  1872,  to  Miss  Annie  A. 
Core,  of  Pontiac,  and  has  one  child. 

JOHN  C.  KEACH,  manufacturer  of 
carnages  and  spring  wagons,  Pontiac  ;  was 
born  in  Brooke  Co.,  Va.,  June  8,  1841 ; 
when  he  was  11  years  of  age,  his  parents 
removed  to  Adams  Co.,  Ohio ;  there  he 
resided  until  1868;  he  learned  his  trade 
in  Manchester,  Ohio.  In  September,  1861, 
enli!>ted  in  Co.  F,  70th  Ohio  Vols.,  serving 
in  the  2d  Division,  15th  Army  Corps;  was 
'with  his  rogiment  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh, 
thence  to  Memphis,  at  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  thence  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  thence  to 
Chattanooga,  from  Chattanouga  to  Atlanta 
and  on  the  famous  march  "  From  Atlanta 
to  the  Sea."  After  his  return  he  remained 
in  Ohio  till  1868,  when  he   removed  to 


Union  Co.,  Iowa,  and  a  year  later  to  Pon- 
tiac, and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 

carriages,  etc.  He  was  married  Sept.  27, 
1866,  to  Miss  Sarepta  McKee,  of  Adams 
Co.,  Ohio,  and  has  two  children — Anna 
and  James  N. 

A.  W.  KELLOGG,  teacher,  Pontiac ; 
was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  7, 
1836  ;  he  is  a  son  of  Rev.  H.  H.  Kellogg,- 
and  when  he  was  5  years  of  age,  his  father' 
removed  to  Galesburg,  111.,  to  take  the 
Presidency  of  Knox  JNIanual  Labor  College, 
noAV  Knox  College ;  Galesburg  at  that 
time  contained  only  about  fifty  houses; 
Mr.  Kellogg  lived  there  six  years,  return- 
mg  to  Oneida  County,  where  he  resided 
until  1866  ;  he  received  a  collegiate  educa- 
tion, spending  three  years  in  Knox  College 
and  going  from  there  to  Hamilton  College, 
Clinton,  N.  Y.,  where  he  graduated  in 
1857  ;  he  read  law  with  Prof  T.  W. 
Dwight.  one  year,  when,  his  health  failing, 
he  was  compelled  to  engage  in  other  busi- 
ness; he  cam&to  Livingston  Co.  in  1866. 
Was  appointed  Assistant  U.  S.  Assess- 
or of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  county  in 
1869,  resigning  in  1871.  He  was  employed 
on  the  Pontiac  Stntinel  seven  years,  leav- 
ing the  paper  in  1875 ;  for  the  past  three 
years  he  has  been  teaching  in  the  city 
schools.  He  was  married  Dec.  16,.  1861, 
to  Miss  Sarah  Allen,  of  Oneida  Co.,  and 
has  seven  children.  He  served  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  Oneida  Co. 

L.  E.  KENT,  f'.ain  dealer,  Pontiac; 
has  been  a  residen'  of  Livingston  (yo.  for 
the  past  twenty  •<  .ars ;  he  came  to  Illinois 
in  1857,  from  J'  artford  Co.,  Conn.,  where 
he  was  born  Aug.  18,  1836  ;  after  spend- 
ing one  year  in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  he  caiue  to 
Pontiac  in  1858,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since,  engaged  in  the  grain,  stock  and  lum- 
ber business  ;  he  owns  two  elevators  here, 
having  a  capacity  of  25,000  bushels  of 
grain,  one  at  Blackstone  in  this  county, 
with  a  capacity  of  20,000  bushels,  and  one 
at  Cayuga,  holding  10,000  bushels ;  he 
owns  a  stock  farm  of  160  acres,  at  Black- 
stone,  and  has  other  real  estate  interests  in 
this  county ;  he  is  engaged  in  the  grain, 
stock  and  lumber  trade  at  Blackstone,  the 
business  being  in  charge  of  his  brother, 
D.  W.  Kent;  Mr.  S.  K.  Brittenham  has 
the  management  of  his  grain  and  stock 
business  at  Cayuga.  Mr.  Kent  w;is  mar- 
ried in  1867,  to  Miss  Antoinette  Graves 


_. 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


639 


(if  Pontiac,  and  lias  one  child.     He  was  a 
member  of  the  City  Council  four  years. 

C.  KECK,  of  the  iirm   of   Mitchell  & 
Keck,  dealers  in  lumber,  lime,  cement,  etc., 
Pontiac  ;    was  born  in   Monroe   Co.,  111., 
April    16,   184:3 ;  when   he   was    2   years 
old,  his  father's  family  removed  to  St.  Clair 
Co.,  and  four  years  later  to  Herraon,  Mo.; 
his   father  then  entered  the  ministry,  and 
as  a  Methodist  cleriryman  was  stationed  at 
various  points  in  Illinois,  Iowa  and  Mis- 
souri ;     after     leaving    school    Mr.    Keck 
spent  five  years  clerking  in  St.  Louis,  and 
at    Bunker    Hill,    111.  ;    at   the   breaking 
out  of  the  war.  he  assumed  charge  of  the 
business   of  a   firm   of  army  supply  con- 
tractors, where    he    remaine«l   two  years; 
he  was  afterward  engaged    in  a  dry  goods 
house  in  St.  Louis,  and  in  a  grocery  house 
in  Alton,  111.     In  18G4,  he  recruited   four 
companies  of  the  l-t4th  I.  Y.  I.,  and  was 
appointed  First  Lieutenant  of  Co.  D.     Re- 
turning at  the  end  <  if  his  year's  service,  he 
engaged  for  about  two  years  in  the  grocery 
business   for    himself    in    Litchfield,  111.; 
he  afterward  clerked  for  a  while  in  a  lum- 
ber yard  in   that  place,  and  in   1871,  re- 
moved to  Chicago,  and  was  engaged  fin- 
about  five  years  in  traveling  fi>r  Dean  Bros, 
and   F.   E.   Bradley;     in    May,  187<),  he 
removed  to  Newark,  Ohio,  and  went  into 
partnership  with  Mr.  Bradley  in  the  lumber 
business,  taking  charge  of  the  yard  there  ; 
he  came  to  Pontiac  in  August,  1877,  and 
with  Mr.  S.  B.  Mitchell,  of  Chicago,  pur- 
chased the  lumber  business  of  A.  F.  Fisher. 
He  was  married   March   1.  1869,  to  Miss 
Lucretia  E.  Wright,  of  Upper  Alton,  111., 
and    has    two    children — Warren    P.  and 
Stella  L. 

WALLACE  LORD,  contractor  and 
builder  and  proprietor  of  Lord's  Opera 
House,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Kennebec 
Co.,  Me.,  Dec.  17,  1834;  when  he  was 
17  years  of  age,  he  shipped  on  board  a 
merchantman  bound  for  California  ;  he  fol- 
lowed the  sea  for  three  years,  making  the 
voyage  around  the  world,  and  visiting  Can- 
ton, Calcutta,  Singaptire,  Madras,  Cape 
Town,  the  Island  of  St.  Helena,  and  other 
places;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1855.  re- 
maining in  Chicago  till  1858,  when  he  set- 
tled in  Pontiac.  He  was  married,  in  I860, 
to  Miss  Miss  Matilda  J.  Ross,  of  Pontiac, 
and  has  six  children — Ladella,  Floretta, 
Annie.  James,  Dick  and  Jo.     In  August. 


1861,  ho  was  commissioned  First  Lieuten- 
ant of  Co.  C,  39th  I.  V.  I.,  and  served 
about  six  months,  when,  on  account  of  ill 
health,  he  resigned  and  returned  to  Pon- 
tiac. 

DUDLEY    LAYCOCK,   fiirmer    and 

i  stock  raiser;  P.  0.  Pontiac;  a  resident  of 
Livingston  Co.  since  1854  ;  was  born  in 
Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  13th  of  February, 
1819;    there  he   lived  until   the   Fall   of 

'  1832,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  with  his 
father's  family,  settling  in  Vermilion  Co.; 
there  he  was  married,  in  June,  1840,  to 
Miss  Elizabeth  CIt>w,  of  Vermilion  Co.; 
she  was  a  native  of  Kentucky ;  she  died 
in  March,  1849,  leaving  four  children,  two 
of  whom  are  living — Elihu  and  Jeff"erson. 
In  1854,  he  removed  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settled  on  his  jiresent  farm,  entering  a 
portion  of  it  from  the  Government ;  he 
owns  3(!0  acres  of  land  in  his  home  farna, 
and  several  other  pieces  of  land  in  different 

I  parts  of  the  country,  amounting  to  160 
acres  more,  valued  in  all  at  §21.000.  Mr. 
Laycock  has  neither  sought  nor  accepted 
jiublic  offic^  of  any  kind,  except  three 
years  as  School  Director. 

C.  E.  LEGG,  dealer  in  boots  and  shoes 
(firm  of  Legg  &  Voght),  Pontiac ;  was 
born  in  Monroe  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Nov.  8, 
1856  ;  when  he  was  less  than  a  year  old, 
his  parents  removed  to  Illinois,  residing 
one  year  in  McLean  Co.,  and  settling  in 
Rook's  Creek  Township,  Livingston  Co., 
in  1858;  his  father  resided  there  until 
1869,  when  he  removed  with  his  children 
(his  wife  having  died  iij  1865  )  to  Missouri, 
where  he  now  resides  ;  after  three  years, 
young  Legg  returned  to  Pontiac,  and 
shortly  afterward  entered  the  boot  and 
shoe  store  of  D.  M.  Lyon,  where  he  re- 
mained until  Sept.  1,  1877;  he  then 
formed  a  partnership  with  Mr.  J.  S.  Voght 
in  their  present  business. 

W.  S.  LACEY,  dealer  in  hardware,  tin- 
ware, stoves  and  agricultural  implements, 
Pontiac;  was  born  in  Buckinghamshire, 
England.  Dec.  17,  1829  ;  when  he  was  6 
years  old.  his  parents  came  to  New  York 
City,  and  after  residing  there  seven  yeai"s 
removed  to  Canada  ;  Mr.  Lacey  came  to 
Illinois  in  1854,  and  spent  three  years  in 
Aurora  and  three  more  in  Peru,  coming 
to  Pontiac  in  1861;  he  has  always  followed 
his  present  business.  He  was  married 
Jan.  8,  1853,  to  Miss  Louisa  Leavitt  of 


640 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


Dundas,  C.  W.;  she  was  born  in  Chatau- 
qua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  12,  1832;  they 
have  three  children  living  —  Addie  E., 
George  W.  and  Nellie  D.;  their  oldest 
daughter,  Mary  L.,  a  teacher  in  the  Pon- 
tiac  public  schools,  died  in  Nov.,  1877. 
Mr.  Lacey  served  one  year  on  the  Town 
Board  of  Trustees,  four  years  as  School 
Director,  and  is  at  present  City  Treasurer, 
to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  1877. 

JOHN  S.  LEE,  blacksmith  (firm  of 
Lse  &  Umphenour),  Pontiac;  was  born 
in  New  London  Co.,  Conn.,  March  22, 
1826  ;  he  was  raised  on  the  farm  until  he 
was  17  years  of  age,  when  he  learned 
the  trade  of  blacksmith,  and  followed 
it  until  he  came  West;  in  1858,  he  came 
to  Illinois,  spending  two  years  in  farming 
in  McLean  Co.,  and  settled  in  Livingston 
Co.  in  1860.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted 
in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.;  was  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Peach  Tree  Creek  on  the  20th  of 
July,  1864,  and  mustered  out  with  his 
regiment  June  21,  1865.  Returning  to 
Pontiac,  he  was  sick  for  about  two  years, 
and  then  resumed  his  business  of  black- 
smithing,  which  he  has  continued  ever 
since.  He  was  married  Nov.  26,  1848,  to 
Miss  Eunice  Packer,  of  Colchester,  Conn., 
and  has  four  children — Addie  E.  (now 
Mrs.  Pound),  Hattie  L.,  wife  of  J.  R. 
Roggy,  of  Bureau  Co.,  111.;  Frank  P.  and 
Charles  H. 

D.  M.  LYON,  dealer  in  boots  and  shoes, 
Pontiac;  was  born  in  Sabina,  Clinton  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  13,  1841  ;  he  is  a  son  of  Wm. 
B.  Lyon,  and  came  to  Livingston  Co.  with 
his  fixther's  family  in  1852,  when  he  was 
eleven  years  of  age,  and  after  living  at 
Reading  eight  years  came  to  Pontiac  in 
1860  ;  he  received  an  academic  education 
in  Ottawa,  111.,  and  in  1858  entered  Lom- 
bai'd  University,  Galesburg,  111.,  remaining 
there  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  war, 
when  he  enlisted  in  April,  1861,  in  Co. 
J),  20th  I.  V.  I.,  the  first  company  to 
leave  the  county ;  after  his  term  of  enlist- 
ment— three  months — had  expired,  he  re- 
cruited Co.  F,  138th  I.  V.  I.,  and  was 
commissioned  Captain  of  the  company, 
serving  with  them  until  October,  1864, 
when  they  were  mustered  out  by  reason  of 
the  expiration  of  tht'ir  term  of  service ; 
returning  to  Pontiac,  he  engaged  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  and  clothing  business,  the 
firm  being  AVni.  B.  Lyon  &  Son,  which 


continued  until  1867,  when  it  was  dis- 
solved and  he  continued  the  boot  and  shoe 
business  alone  to  the  present  time.  He 
is  at  present  Township  Treasurer,  to  which 
office  he  was  elected  in  1872.  He  was 
married  Oct.  25,  1865,  to  Miss  Abbie  J. 
Remick  of  Pontiac ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— William  R.  and  James  M. 

P.  S.  LINELL,  harness  maker,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Vt..  May 
13,1833;  when  he  was  quite  young,  his 
parents  removed  to  Champaign  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  afterward  to  Warren  Co.,  Ohio ;  in 
1848,  he  left  home  and  went  to  Franklin 
Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  learned  his  trade  as  a 
harness  maker  ;  resided  there  about  two 
years  and  a  half,  and  then  removed  to 
Peoria,  thence  to  Henderson  Co.,  return- 
ing, thence  to  Indiana ;  he  afterward  re- 
turned to  Henderson  Co.,  from  which 
place  he  went  to  Chicago,  and  from  Chica- 
go he  removed  to  De  Kalb  Co.  ;  in  1866, 
he  settled  in  Pontiac,  .where  he  has  con- 
tinued to  reside  to  the  pref^ent  time.  He 
was  married  on  the  2d  of  Nov.,  1856,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Burkholder  of  Franklin  Co., 
Ind. ;  they  have  three  children  living — 
William  B.,  Frank  A.  and  Cornelia  A. 

WM.  H.  LUNT,  dealer  in  grain  and 
coal,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Sagadahock 
Co.,  Me.,  Aug.  31,  1819  ;  he  was  raised 
to  mercantile  pursuits,  his  father  having 
been  a  merchant  in  Bowdoinham,  Me., 
for  twenty-five  years,  and  at  the  age  of  18 
years  began  business  for  himself;  in  1855, 
he  represented  his  native  town  in  the  State 
Legislature;  in  1856,  he  removed  to  Clin- 
ton, Iowa,  the  next  year  after  the  laying 
out  of  that  city,  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers 
in  the  grain  trade  of  that  State ;  he  has 
always  taken  an  active  interest  in  educa- 
tional matters,  and  as  President  of  the  Board 
of  Education  of  Clinton,  superintended  the 
erection  of  the  fine  public  school  building 
there;  in  1865,  he  Avent  to  Chicago,  lo- 
cating his  family  at  Evanston,  and  contin- 
ued the  grain  business  there,  running  two 
large  elevators,  the  Iowa  and  the  Lunt, 
until  the  great  fire,  when  they  were  both 
destroyed ;  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade  since  1865,andwasa 
Director  for  three  years;  in  1872,  he  became 
Secretary  and  Financial  Agent  of  the 
Northwestern  University  at  Evanston  ;  he 
was  for  two  years  President  of  the  Board 
of  Education   in  Evanston,   and  was  the 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


641 


first  President  of  the  Highland  Park  Build- 
ing Company,  and  one  of  its  original  in- 
corporators;  he  came  to  Pontiac  in  187(5, 
and  has  since  been  engaged  in  the  grain  and 
c<ial  business.  He  was  married  in  1840, 
t<t  Miss  Susan  P.  Littletiekl,  of  Kennebec 
Co.,  Me.  ;  she  died  in  1870,  leaving  four 
children  ;  he  was  married  again  in  187G, 
to  3Irs.  Jennie  Brewster,  of  Evanston,  111. 

L.  F.  LUTYEN,  dealer  in  watches, 
clocks,  jewelry-  and  silverware,  Pontiac; 
vfus  born  in  Newark,  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  Oct. 
8,1839;  he  received  an  academic  educa- 
tion ;  he  early  displayed  great  love  and 
talent  for  music,  and  at  the  age  of  14  years, 
became  leader  of  the  band  in  his  native 
town  ;  he  afterward  spent  two  years  in 
traveling  as  leader  of  a  band,  and  in  1862, 
entered  the  army  as  leader  of  the  band  of 
the  1st  Brigade,  3d  Division,  17th  Army 
Corps  ;  he  served  during  the  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg,  at  Black  River,  Jackson,  Champion 
Hills,  etc.,  his  band  leading  the  army  on  its 
entrance  into  Vicksburg,  after  the  surrender ; 
he  was  present  with  his  band,  and  led  the 
17th  Army  Corps  at  the  grand  review  in 
Washington,  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Re- 
turning in  18t)5,  he  engaged  in  business  in 
Sandwich,  111.,  but  the  next  Spring  sold 
out  and  spent  the  Summers  for  the  next 
five  years  in  traveling;  in  1808,  he  pur- 
chased a  drug  store  in  Secor,  Woodford 
Co.,  which  was  placed  in  charge  of  his 
uncle,  and  during  the  next  three  years  he 
spent  his  Winters  in  the  store  ;  about  1871, 
he  sold  out,  and  purchased  an  interest  in  a 
drug  store  at  Newark,  where  he  remained 
until  his  removal  to  Pontiac  in  1874  ;  be- 
sides his  jewelry  business,  he  is  senior 
partner  in  the  drug  firm  of  Lutyen  Bros.  ; 
he  is  leader  of  Lutyen's  Cornet  Band,  which 
was  organized  in  the  Fall  of  1876. 

S.  H.  MOSSHOLDER,  manufacturer 
and  dealer  in  harness  and  saddles,  Pontiac  ; 
vi&i-  born  in  Lickiug  Co.,  Ohio,  June  18. 
1842  ;  when  he  was  5  years  of  age,  his 
parents  removed  to  Pontiac  ;  that  was  in 
1847  ;  at  that  time  there  were  but  two  or 
three  frame  houses  and  a  number  of  log 
cabins  in  the  town  ;  his  fotlier,  Daniel  Moss- 
holder,  resided  here  until  1859,  when  he 
reriioved  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  died  in 
Feb..  1878  ;  Mr.  Mossholder  has  resided 
here  constantly  since  he  came  in  1847,  and 
one  of  the  frame  houses  of  that  time  consti- 
tutes a  i)art  of  his  residence  at  the  present 


time  ;  he  has  counted  as  many  as  eighty- 
four  deer  at  one  time,  within  a  mile  and  a 
half  of  Pontiac  ;  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
harness  maker  in  1862,  and  has  followed  it 
ever  since.  He  was  married  Oct.  29, 
1865,  to  Miss  Minnie  A.  England,  of  Pon- 
tiac ;  .she  is  a  native  of  Pickaway  Co., 
Ohio  ;  they  have  one  child  living — Milton 
S.  Mr.  M.  is  Collector  of  Pontiac  to  which 
ofiice  he  was  elected  in  1877,  and  re- 
elected in  1878. 

JAMES  E.  MORROW,  President  of 
the  National  Bank  (jf  Pontiac,  has  been  a 
resident  of  Livingston  Co.,  since  1857, 
having  come  at  that  time  from  Highland 
Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  was  born  on  the  23d 
of  Sept.,  1836  ;  in  1859,  he  went  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  was  there  at  the  breaking  out 
of  the  war.  Returning  in  1862,  he  entered 
the  army  as  a  member  of  Co.  G,  129th 
I.  V.  I.,  and  served  until  the  close  of  the 
war,  in  the  20th  Army  Corps  ;  he  was  with 
Gen.  Sherman  in  his  march  to  the  sea.  On 
the  close  of  the  war,  he  returned  to  Pontiac, 
and  took  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  Duff 
&  Cowan.  In  1868,  he  was  elected  Clerk  of 
the  Circuit  Court  of  Livingston  Co.,  hold- 
ing the  office  four  years  ;  he  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  for  the 
past  six  years,  and  as  Chairman  of  the 
Building  Committee,  and  the  only  resident 
member  of  the  board,  had  almost  the  entire 
charge  of  building  the  new  Court  House  ; 
the  efficient  manner  in  which  the  work 
was  performed,  and  his  vigilance  in 
looking  after  the  interests  of  the  county, 
are  evident  from  the  fact  that  the  building 
was  erected  at  a  loss  to  the  contractors,  and 
a  consequent  corresponding  gain  to  the 
county  ;  he  has  also  served  one  term  on 
the  Board  of  Aldermen.  He  organized  the 
National  Bank  of  Pontiac,  March,  1874, 
and  was  elected  President.  He  was  mar- 
ried Sept.  11,  1866,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  J. 
Maxwell,  of  Pontiac,  who  died  July  4, 
1872,  leaving  one   child — Elsie  E. 

WILLIAM  H.  H.  McDowell,  attor- 
ney at  law,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Montgom- 
ery Co.,  Ind.,  March  6,  1840  ;  at  the  age 
of  10  years,  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
where  he  attended  the  common  schools 
until  1857  ;  he  then  returned  to  Indiana 
and  entered  Thorntown  Academy,  remain- 
ing until  1860  ;  i-eturning  to  this  county, 
he  taught  school  during  the  Winter,  and 
resumed  his  studies    at  the  Academy   in 


642 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


the  Spring.  The  war  breaking  out,  he 
enlisted  in  the  17th  Ind.  Y.  I.,  and  was 
discharged  by  reason  of  ill  health  the  fol- 
lowing Winter ;  he  returned  to  Pontiac, 
and  six  months  later  recruited  and  drilled  a 
company  of  men  which  afterward  became  a 
part  of  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  he  was  made 
Sergeant  Major  of  the  regiment,  and  after- 
ward promoted  to  Lieutenant ;  he  par- 
ticipated in  all  the  battles  of  his  regiment, 
and  with  fifteen  picked  men,  captured 
the  noted  gxierilla  chief,  Capt.  Burton, 
receiving  the  warmest  commendation  of 
Brig.  Gen.  Sweet,  commander  of  the 
post;  during  the  Winter  of  18G3  and 
1864,  he  was  sent  to  Springfield,  111.,  on  a 
recruiting  expedition,  rejoining  his  com- 
mand in  the  Spring  of  1864;  he  was  with 
Sherman  in  his  "march  to  the  sea,"  and 
after  the  fall  of  Atlanta  was  detailed  as  an 
Aid-de-Camp  to  the  Brigadier  General- 
Commanding,  holding  the  position  until 
mustered  out,  in  June,  1 865.  On  his  return , 
he  engaged  in  merchandising  at  Fairbury, 
studying  law  at  the  same  time ;  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1869  ;  removed  to 
Pontiac  in  1872,  where  he  still  resides,  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  mar- 
ried Jan.  1,  1866,  to  Miss  Emma  C. 
Thayer,  daughter  oi'  Prof.  Gilbert  Thayer, 
of  Morgan  Park,  111. 

A.  J.  MARSH,  farmer  and  stock  raiser; 
P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Chenango  Co., 
N.  Y.,  in  1838  ;  his  parents  died  when  he 
was  quite  young;  he  remained  in  Chenan- 
go County  until  he  was  16  years  of  age, 
and  then  came  West,  spending  one  year  in 
Wisconsin;  in  1845,  he  came  to  Peoria 
Co.,  111.,  and  went  to  work  on  his  uncle's 
farm  ;  in  1866,  he  removed  to  Livingston 
Co.,  settling  on  his  present  farm,  where  he 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $45  per 
acre.  He  was  married  on  the  30th  of 
November,  1866,  to  Miss  Augusta  Butler, 
of  Peoria  County  ;  she  was  born  in  the 
State  of  Maine  ;  they  have  two  children — 
Adell  and  3Iabel.  Mr.  Marsh  has  been 
School  Director  for  the  past  nine  years, 
and  Commissioner  of  Highways  for  the 
past  three  years. 

JOHN  McCALLA.  dealer  in  boots 
and  shoes,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Brown 
Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  5,  1840  ;  when  he  was 
11  yera"S  of  age,  he  came  with  his  mother's 
family  to  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  and  after  re- 
maining there  two  years  the  family  removed 


to  LaSalle  Co. ;  he  was  engaged  in  farming 
up  to  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion.  He 
enlisted  in  1863,  in  the  53d  I.  Y.  I.,  as 
a  member  of  Co.  I,  and  served  till  the 
close  of  the  war ;  took  part  in  all  the  en- 
gagements in  which  his  regiment  partici- 
pated, among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga.,  Siege  of 
Atlanta,  Allatoona  Mountain,  Jonesboro, 
Savannah  and  Bentonville,  N.  C.  Return- 
ing from  the  war,  he  followed  farming  one 
year,  and  in  1868,  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
and  followed  the  nursery  business  one  year, 
and  then  engaged  in  general  merchandis- 
ing, which  he  followed  till  1877,  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  trade.  He  was  married 
April  29,  1869,  t<.  Miss  M.  A.  Macy,  of 
this  county ;  they  have  two  children — 
Emery  E.  and  Josephine  A. 

MRS.  M.  J.  McGregor,  Pontiac; 
was  born  in  Cincinnati.  Ohio,  March  27, 
1820  ;  she  w;is  married  in  Clinton  Co., 
Ohio,  on  the  3d  of  October,  1838,  to  the 
late  John  H.  McGregor;  he  was  born  in 
Orange  Co.,  N.  C,  August  30,  1814;  his 
parents  emigrated  to  Kentucky  when  he 
was  about  3  years  of  age,  and  settled  near 
New  Castle,  afterward  removing  to  Ohio ; 
when  a  boy  in  Kentucky,  he  learned  the 
printing  business,  and  remained  with  his 
brother  there,  occasionally  teaching  school, 
until  about  1836,  when  the  family  removed 
to  Iowa,  and  kept  the  first  hotel  in  the 
city  of  Davenport ;  after  his  marriage  in 
1838,  he  resided  in  Clinton  County,  where 
he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1845  ;  he  removed  to  Ottawa,  111.,  in 
1850,  and  in  1853,  came  to  Pontiac,  being 
one  of  the  first  attorneys  in  the  place  ;  he 
continued  to  practice  here  until  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  January,  1856.  He 
left  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living 
— Emma  and  Charles  A.  (both  of  whom 
reside  in  Pontiac),  Alonzo  H.  (now  of 
Bloomington,  111.)  and  H.  Buxton  i  of 
Pontiac) ;  one  daughter,  Elizabeth  J.,  died 
in  July,  1877. 
sides  in  Pontiac. 

CHARLES  A.  McGREGOR,  son  of 
J.  H.  McGregor,  was  born  in  Clinton 
Co.,  Ohio,  March  14,  1844 ;  came  to 
Ottawa,  HI.,  with  his  parents  in  1850,  and 
to  Pontiac  in  1853;  he  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Pontiac,  and  spent 
a  year  at  school  in  Davenport.  Iowa,  and 


Mrs.  McGregor  still  re- 


PONTIAC   TOWNSHIP. 


643 


in  1861,  entered  Dickinson  College,  Car- 
lisle, Penn.  In  the  Spring  of  1863,  he 
entered  the  !->l)th  I.  Y.  I.,  Co.  C,  .serving 
till  the  close  of  the  war.  In  the  Spring 
of  1866,  he  engagt'd  in  the  drug  and  book 
business,  in  Pontiac,  which  he  continued 
until  the  Fall  of  1877.  He  was  married 
in  October,  1871,  to  Miss  Eunice  J.  John- 
ston, daughter  of  Morris  Johnson,  E.sq.,  of 
Pontiac  ;  they  have  one  child  living — Bcr- 
nice  E.  Mr.  McGregor  served  two  years 
as  Postmaster,  and  several  terms  as  Town- 
ship Treasurer. 

JOHN  McNICHOL,  manufacturer  of 
boot.s  and  shoes,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
County  Tyrone,  in  the  north  of  Ireland, 
in  1833  ;  he  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1851,  being  then  nearly  18  years  of  age; 
after  spending  about  two  months  in  Phila- 
delphia, he  came  west  to  Adrian,  Mich., 
where  he  learned  his  trade,  and  afterwards 
went  to  Indiana  ;  in  1856,  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  and  worked  in  the  shoe  shop 
of  his  brother,  James  McNichol^  until 
1862 ;  he  afterward  entered  the  employ 
of  W.  B.  Lyon,  till  1874,  since  which 
time  he  has  been  doing  business  for  himself. 
He  was  married  Nov.  15,  1858,  to  Mrs. 
Rachel  Meyers,  of  Pontiac  ;  her  maiden 
name  was  Rachel  Cook  ;  she  was  born  in 
Clinton,  Iiid.,  Sept.  30,  1838  ;  they  have 
four  children  living — James  H.,  John  B., 
Charles  and  Maud. 

G.  D.  NEWCOMB,  of  the  firm  of 
Pierce  &  Newcomb,  contractors  and  build- 
ers, proprietors  of  the  Pontiac  Planing 
Mill  and  manufacturers  of  building  materi- 
al, Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Waldo  Co.,  Me., 
May  '1,  1834  ;  he  received  an  academic 
education  at  the  Freedom  Academy,  and 
then  went  to  Boston,  where  he  learned  the 
machinists'  trade;  in  1855,  he  went  to 
Zanesville,  Ohio,  and  followed  his  trade  until 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  the  last  two  years 
having  charge  of  the  Muskingum  Valley 
Workfi,  manufacturing  portable  engines  and 
saw-mills;  in  Dec,  1861,  he  entered  the 
62d  Ohio  y.  I.,  Co.  I,  and  served  nearly 
four  yetu-s  ;  he  participated  in  sixteen  en- 
gagements, and  was  wounded  during  the 
night  assault  on  Fort  Wagner,  on  Morris 
Island.  July  18,  1864.  He  came  to  Pon- 
tiac in  1866,  and  a  few  years  later  went  to 
Rock  Island,  111.,  where  he  had  charge  of 
the  building  of  the  stairs  in  the  govern- 
ment works  ;  returnin^to  Pontiac  in  1875, 


he  engaged  in  his  present  business.  He 
was  married  Dec.  28,  1865,  to  Miss  Lucy 
Humphrey,  of  Zanesville,  Ohio  ;  they  have 
three  children  living — Lulu  M.,  Carrie  F. 
and  George  D. 

JAMES  NELSON,  Sr.,  retired,  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  March 
4,  1789  ;  his  parents  removed  to  Bourbon 
Co.,  Ky.,  when  he  was  about  1  year  old. 
and  about  three  years  later,  to  Hamilton 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  after  the  death  of  his  father, 
the  family  removed  to  Brown  Co.  He  en- 
tered the  war  of  1812,  serving  six  months 
under  Gen.  Harris(tn.  He  afterward  re- 
moved to  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.  He  was 
married  Nov.  20,  1810,  to  Miss  Rebecca 
Montgomery,  who  was  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, Sept.  17,  1786,  and  died  Sept.  17, 
1833,  leaving  eight  children — Eliza,  Mary, 
John,  James,  Jane,  Susanna  E.,  Clarissa 
and  William  P.  ;  all  but  two  of  whom, 
Eliza  and  Clarissa,  are  still  living.  Mr. 
Nelson  was  thus  left  with  six  children,  the 
oldest  two  being  old  enough  to  start  for 
themselves,  and  he  had  not  over  $250  in 
property ;  packing  up  his  few  household 
effects  in  a  wagon,  he  started  with  his  chil- 
dren to  Kane  Co.,  111.,  reaching  his  desti- 
nation on  the  9th  of  Dec,  1833;  he  un- 
loaded his  goods  in  a  grove  since  known  as 
Nelson's  Grove ;  he  erected  a  rude  log- 
cabin,  covering  it  with  strips  of  timber 
split  out  with  a  froe,  and  stopping  the  crevices 
in  the  walls  by  driving  pieces  of  wood  be- 
tween the  logs ;  in  this,  he  and  his  six 
children  spent  the  Winter,  an  unusually 
severe  one,  and  by  planting  time  he  had 
the  rails  split  and  forty-four  acres  of  land 
fenced  ;  and  after  putting  in  his  crop,  he 
fenced  forty  acres  more  for  a  neighbor  ; 
he  sold  this  claim  in  the  Fall  for  $700  ;  he 
then  bought  half  of  it  back,  improved  it 
and  sold  it  for  $1,200,  and  afterward  im- 
proved another  claim,  which  he  sold  for 
$1,000;  he  then  removed  to  Walworth 
Co.,  Wis.,  and  in  1848  came  to  Rooks 
Creek  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  re- 
sided until  his  removal  to  Pontiac  in  1868. 
He  was  married  again  May  4,  1849,  to 
Miss  Marcie  R.  Middleswart,  who  died 
Aug.  22,  1861  ;  he  was  married  a  third 
time,  June  19.  1862,  to  Mrs.  Ann  Rey- 
nolds, who  was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio, 
May  19,  1810,  and  came  to  Living.ston  Co. 
with  her  former  husband,  Mr.  Joseph  Rey- 
nolds, in  1846. 


644 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES; 


H.  H.  NORTON,  firm  of  Geo.  W.  Rice  & 
Co.,  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  furniture, 
Pontiac  ;  has  been  a  resident  of  Livingston 
Co.  since  1854  ;  he  was  born  in   Farming- 
ton,    Franklin    Co.,    Me.,  May  23,  1829  ; 
he  was  raised  on  the  farm,  and  after  re- 
ceiving a  common  school  education,  he  en- 
tered the  Farmington  Academy,  remaining 
several  terms;  in  1849,  he  went  to  Massa- 
chussetts,  and  there  learned  the  carpenters' 
trade,    and  two   years   later,    returned   to 
Maine,  and  in  the  Fall   of  1852,   came  to 
Illinois,  and  after  spending  about  two  years 
in  various  places,  settled  in  Pontiac  in  May, 
1854,  where  he  has  resided  most   of  the 
time  ever  since.     He  was  married   April 
28,  1855,  to  Miss  Catherine  Sutcliff,   of 
Amity  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.  ;  she  was  born 
near  Sheffield,  Eng.,  Aug.   19,  1829,  and 
came  to  this  country  in  1849  ;  they  have 
two  children  hving — Rufus  W.  and  Emma 
S.,  now  Mrs.  N.    J.    Caldwell,  of  Chats- 
worth  ;  shortly  after  coming  to  Pontiac,  he 
built  a  sash  and   door  factory,  carrying  it 
on  about  three  years  under  the  name  of  H. 
H.  Norton  &  Co.;  in    1866,    he  superin- 
tended the  building  of  the    public   school 
building,  and  a  year  or  more  later,  of  the 
Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  besides  other  prominent 
buildings;    in    Jan.,    1872,    he  became   a 
partner  in  the  furniture  firm  of  Bertram  & 
Norton,  and  they  continued  the  business 
until  July,  1874,  when  they  were  burned 
out  with  the  balance  of  Union  Block  ;  dur- 
ing the  next  year,  he  carried  on  the  furni- 
ture   business  at    Cornell,   and   in   June, 
1875,  became  a   member   of  the    present 
firm.     Mr.  Norton  is  a  member  of  the  City 
Council ;  he  served  on  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees previous  to  the    organization    of  the 
city,  and  also  served  three  years  as  School 
Director. 

J.  0.  PERRY,  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
P.  O.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Miami  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  16,  1823;  he  was  raised  to 
agricultural  pursuits,  which  he  has  followed 
all  his  life  to  the  present  time ;  in  the 
"Winter  of  1862  and  '63,  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  and  purchased  his  present 
farm.  In  1867,  he  returned  to  Ohio,  and 
was  married  on  the  17th  of  January,  to 
Miss  Emma  Dowle,  of  Miami  Co.,  Ohio; 
she  was  born  there,  on  the  8th  of  March, 
1843  ;  they  have  three  children  living — 
Lida  Belle,  Orrin  Bruce  and  Benton.  He 
then  settled  permanently   in   Pontiac ;  he 


owns  210   acres  of  land,  valued  at  $10,- 

000.  Mr.  Perry  served  about  nine  years 
as  School  Director. 

W.  L.  PAYNE,  farmer,  P.  0.  Pontiac  ; 
was  born  in  Kentucky,  Oct.  16,  1852 ; 
he  is  a  son  of  Capt.  M.  L.  and  Sarah 
(Barkley)  Payne  ;  his  parents  moved  to 
Livingston  Co.,  in  1853,  and  settled  on  a 
farm  in  Eppard's  Point  Tp.,  and  after 
living  there  ten  years,  came  to  Pontiac. 
He  was  married  March  13,  1877,  to  Miss 
Fannie  A.  Collins,  daughter  of  E.  B.  Col- 
lins, of  Chicago ;  she  was  born  in  Coving- 
ton, Ky.,  Jan.  24,  1854;  they  have  one 
child — Matie. 

W,  W.  PERRY,  Janitor  of  Court 
House,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Miami  Co., 
Ohio,  Dec.  19,  1841  ;  his  father.  Dr. 
James  M.  Perry,  removed,  with  his  fam- 
ily, to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1852,  and  after 
practicing  medicine  here  for  twenty-two 
years,  died  in  1874 ;  his  mother  died  in 
1860,  after  suffering  eight  years  with  a 
cancer.  Mr  Perry  enlisted  in  the  Summer 
of   1862,  as  a  member  of  Co.  A,  129th 

1.  V.  I.,  and  soon  after  reaching  the  front, 
was  put  upon  detached  service  with  the 
medical  department,  to  care  for  the  sick 
and  wounded,  and  in  that  capacity  served 
till  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning  to 
Pontiac,  in  June,  1865,  he  was  married 
on  the  24th  of  December  following,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Malott,  who  was  born  near 
Wabash,  Ind.,  in  1847,  and  died  Dec.  12, 
1875,  leaving  one  child — Hattie  0.  He 
was  mari'ied  again  July  10,  1876,  to  Miss 
Melissa  E.  Gambel,  of  Pontiac ;  she  was 
born  in  Lexington,  111.,  May  12,  1858. 

A.  J.  PIERCE,  of  the  firm  of  Pierce 
&  Newcomb,  contractors  and  builders,  and 
proprietors  of  the  Pontiac  Planing  Mill 
and  manufacturers  of  builders'  material, 
Pontiac ;  was  born  in  York  Co.,  Me., 
March  7,  1838 ;  he  was  raised  to 
his  present  business,  his  father  being  a 
builder;  in  1856,  he  removed  wi|.h  his 
father's  family  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  in 
1861  he  euli.sted  in  the  2d  Iowa  V.  I.,  Go.  E; 
was  promoted  to  Orderly  Sergeant,  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war  in  the  Army 
of  the  Mississippi  and  the  Army  of  the  Ten- 
nessee, taking  part  in  all  the  battles  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  was  never  off 
duty  for  a  day.  On  the  close  of  the  war,  he 
settled  in  Pontiac  ;  he  started  the  Pontiac 


Planing 


Mill 


in 


1871,    and 


in 


1875 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


645 


Mr.  Newcomb  became  a  partner  in  the 
tirm.  He  was  married  March  11,  1865. 
t(i  Mrs.  Julia  E.  Humphrey,  of  Daven- 
port, Iowa,  and  has  one  child — Mark. 

HON.  N.  J.  PILLSBURY,  Judge  of 
the  Thirteenth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Illinois, 
PdMtiac;  w;us  born  in  York  Co.,  Me., 
October  21,  183^.  In  1850,  he  entered 
the  employ  of  the  York  Corporation,  a 
manufacturiniz;  company  at  Saco,  Me., 
whore  he  remained  until  1855,  when, 
broken  down  in  health,  he  came  to  Illinois, 
and,  in  1858,  removed  to  Living.ston  Co. 
and  opened  a  farm,  on  which  he  resided 
until  18G3  ;  he  then  entered  the  law  office 
of  Samuel  L.  Flemming,  at  Pontiac,  and 
after  completing  his  studies,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  May,  1864,  and  began  the 
practice  of  his  profession ;  in  1869,  he 
was  elec  ed  one  of  the  delegates  from  the 
Forty-fourth  District  to  the  Constitutional 
Convention.  At  the  first  election  for 
Judges,  under  the  new  constitution,  in 
June,  1873,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Thirteenth  Judicial  Circuit  of  Illinois ; 
under  the  act  of  1874,  establishing  the 
Appellate  Courts  of  Illinois,  he  was 
selected  by  the  Supreme  Court  as  one 
of  the  Appellate  Judges  for  the  Second 
District. 

FRANK  E.  PACKER,  painter ;  Pon- 
tiac ;  was  born  in  South  Valley,  Otse- 
go Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  6,  1854 ;  he  is  a 
son  of  Rev.  Jedediah  and  Rhoda  A. 
Packer;  when  he  was  a  year  old  his  par- 
ents came  to  Stark  Co.,  111.,  and  a  year 
later  removed  to  Princeville,  Peoria  Co. ; 
from  that  place  they  went  to  La  Prairie, 
Marshall  Co.,  thence  to  El  Paso,  Wood- 
ford Co.,  and  again  to  Princeville ;  they 
afterward  removed  to  Sandwich,  De  Kalb 
Co.,  and  in  1865,  came  to  Pontiac.  Mr. 
Packer  received  a  public  school  education 
in  these  various  places,  and  afterward 
spent  a  year  and  a  half  in  the  High 
School  in  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  married 
Oct.  25,  1877,  to  Miss  Hannah  D.  Payne, 
daughter  of  the  late  Capt.  Morgan  L. 
Payne,  of  Pontiac;  she  was  born  in 
Eppard's  Point  Tp.,  Living.ston  County, 
Sept.  14,  1857  ;  she  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Pontiac,  and  in  1872 
began  teaching  in  the  schools  of  the 
county. 

CAPT.  MORGAN  LEWIS  PAYNE, 
deceased,  was  born  near  Gnshen,  Orange 


Co.,    N.    Y.,    April    20,    1805;     he    was 
named    after    Hon.    Lewis   Morgan,   then 
Governor  of   New  York.      In   1813,  his 
father  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  and  in 
1818,  to  Rising  Sun,  Ind.     Mr.  Morgan 
was    married    in    1828    to   Miss   Rebecca 
Adams.     By    this    marriage    he    had    six 
children,  four  of  whom  are  living — James 
P.,  George  W.,  Artemisia  (now  Mrs.  Mc- 
Cready,  of  Michigan ),  and  John  A.  (now  a 
Lieutenant  in  the  lOtli  Regt.   U.  S.  A). 
He   removed    to    Illinois    in    1831,    and 
became   a   resident  of  Dan\'ille ;  in  May, 
1832,  he  became  Captain  of  the  local  mili- 
tary   company    of    Danville,    which    was 
attached  to  the  'Jth  111.  State  Guards.    On 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Black  Hawk  war, 
a  company  of  volunteers  was  raised  from 
that    regiment,    and    Capt.     Payne    was 
elected  Captain.    Here  were  first  displayed 
those  soldierly   (jualities   which   afterward 
distinguished  him.      On  arriving  at  Naper- 
ville,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  that 
post,  where  he  erected  a  fort  and  remained 
during  his  term  of  service ;  he  afterward 
lived  some  years  at  Greensburg,  Ind. ;  he 
was  in  Texas  on  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Mexican  war,  and  at  once  took  command 
of    a    company    of   Texan   Rangers,    and 
served  with  bravery  until  after  the  capture 
of    Monterey,    when,    his     time    having 
expired,  he  returned  to  Indiana  and  raised 
a  company  of  volunteers  for  the  war,  and 
returned  to  the  front,  where  he  served  till 
the  close  of   the  war.      Returning,  he  was 
married  on  the  9th  of  December,  1849,  to 
Miss    Sarah    Barkley,    who   was   born   in 
Grant  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  27,  1828  ;  they  had 
seven  children,  all  of  whom  are  living — 
William  L.,  Lydia  H.,  Hannah  D.  (now 
Mrs.  Frank  E.  Packer,  of  Pontiac ),  Anna 
E.,  Burnett  H.,  Jane  E.  and  Belle.    Capt. 
Payne  removed  with  his  family  to  Livings- 
ton Co.  in  1853,  and  settled  in  Eppard's 
Point  Tp.,  and  after  ten  years,  removed  to 
Pontiac.      In  1862,  he  entered  the  Union 
army   as    Captain    of  Co.    D,    53d    1 1. 
V.    I.,    and    served    a   year    and    a  ha  f, 
when,  owing  to    ill    health,    he    resigned 
and    returned    home.     In    1871,    he    was 
elected  Constable,  and,  in  1872,  was  ap- 
pointed   Deputy    Sheriff,     holding    both 
offices  until  the  Spring  of  1877  ;  he  was  a 
man   of  remarkable  energy   and  force   of 
character.     He  died  April  21t.  1878,  hon- 
ored by  all  who  knew  him 


646 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


S.  0.  PILLS  BURY,  foundry  and  ma-  ' 
chine  shop,  Pontiac ;  born  in  York  Co.,  Me., 
Aug.  28,  1837  ;  when  he  was  about  14  ; 
years  of  age,  his  father  removed  to  Saco,  I 
and  four  years  later,  came  to  Illinois,  spend- 
ing two  years  in  Bureau  Co.,  and  settling 
in  Livingston  Co.,  in  1857.  In  the  Fall 
of  1862,  Mr.  Pillsbury  enlisted  in  Co.  H, 
77th  I.  V.  I.,  serving  until  the  following 
Spring,  when  he  was  discharged  by  reason 
of  ill  health.  In  1865,  he  came  to  Pontiac 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business,  and 
about  a  year  and  a  half  later,  engaged  in 
the  foundry  business ;  he  is  a  member  of 
the  grocery  firm  of  Hunter  &  Pillsbury, 
which  was  formed  in  February,  1873.  He 
was  married  Aug.  9,  1862,  to  Miss  Helen 
Parmeter,  who  was  born  in  Kennebec  Co., 
Me.,  Sept.  6,  1837  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— Maud  and  Guy.  Mr.  Pillsbury 
served  one  year  on  the  Town  Board  of  Trust- 
ees, and  two  years  on  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. 

F.  F.  POST,  land  agent  for  the  M.,  K. 
&  T.  R.  R.  Co.,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  St. 
Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  13.  1825  ;  his 
father  was  a  manufacturer  of  carriages,  and 
he  learned  the  trade  when  quite  young, 
and  worked  in  his  father's  shop  until  1844  ; 
he  received  an  academic  education :  in  1844, 
he  went  to  Madison  Co.,  Ky.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  forsome  five  year.s  ; 
he  afterward  spent  two  years  in  teaching ; 
and  then  purchased  a  large  farm,  with  a 
saw  and  grist-mill,  which  he  carried  on 
two  years  more.  While  in  Madison  coun- 
ty, he  was  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
serving  until  his  removal  from  the  county. 
He  was  married  Jan.  18,  1849,  to  Miss 
Eliza  J.  Moberly,  of  Madison  Co.,  Ky.:« 
they  have  six  children  living — Mary  C, 
Alice  L.,  William  W.,  Harry  A.,  John  F. 
and  Thomas  A. ;  in  1857,  he  removed  to 
Bloomington  111.,  and  followed  the  grocery 
business  until  1863,  when  he  came  to  Pon- 
tiac, where  he  was  entiaged  in  the  grain 
business  until  1877 ;  he  is  now  the 
agent  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad  Co.,  for  the  sale  of  their  lands  in 
Kansas.  He  served  two  terms  on  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  Pontiac. 

0.  F.  PEARRE,  attorney  at  law,  Pon- 
tiac ;  a  native  of  Clermont  Co.,  Ohio  ;  born 
on  the  first  of  June,  1836  ;  he  received  an 
academic  education,  and  at  the  aue  of  16 
years,  he  began  teaching,  following  it  dur- 


ing the  Winter,  and  attended  the  academy 
during  the  Fall  and  Spring  terms;  in  1859, 
he  came  to  Illinois  and  entered  Eureka  Col- 
lege, in  Woodford  Co.,  from  which  institu- 
tion he  graduated  in  1871  ;  he  then  came 
to  Livingston  Co.,  and  took  charge  of  the 
New  Michigan  Academy  in  Newtown,  as 
Principal,  remaining  two  years;   he  next 
spent  two   years   as    Principal    of  Public 
Schools    of    Dwight ;    in    1865,    he    was 
elected  School  Commissioner  for  the  county, 
serving  in  that  cg,pacity  for   two  years,  in 
the  meantime  reading  law  with  Samuel  L. 
Flemming  of  Pontiac  ;  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  April,  1866,  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  practicing  ever  since  ;  he  makes  a 
specialty  of  collecting,  having  an  extensive 
business  in  that  line  ;  he  has  been  Local  Ed- 
itor of  either  the  Free  Trader  or  Pontiac 
Sentinel  most  of  the  time  during  his  resi- 
dence in  Pontiac.     He   was  married    Oct. 
20,  I860,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Alden,  of  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  and  has  six  children — Frank, 
Luke,  Victor,  Maud,  Pearl  and  Daisy.    Mr. 
Pearre  was  appointed  United  States  Inter- 
nal Revenue  Collector  in  1864,  serving  un- 
til 1869  ;  he  has  also  served  as  Police  Mag- 
istrate since  1866. 

WILLIAM  PERRY,  proprietor  of  the 
Perry  House,  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  25,  1818  ;  he  was  raised 
on  the  farm.  Was  married  Aug.  9,  1839, 
to  Miss  Catherine  N.  Mathews,  who  was 
born  in  Frederick  Co.,  Md.,  May  29,  1818  ; 
they  have  eight  children  living — John  B., 
William  H.,  Augustus  L.,  Evans  A.,  Ar- 
nold D.,  Emma  G.  (now  Mrs.  W.  H.  Jen- 
kins), Sarah  E.  and  Carrie ;  their  oldest 
daughter,  Oreha  (^wife  of  W.  H.  Clel- 
and),  died  in  1872,  Mr.  Perry  removed 
to  Montgomery  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1843,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  cheese,  which 
he  followed  seven  years ;  he  came  to  Liv- 
ing.ston  Co.  in  1857,  settling  on  a  farm  in 
what  is  now  Eppard's  Point  Tp.  ;  in  1865, 
came  to  Pontiac  and  took  a  contract  in 
grading  the  Chicago  k  Paducah  Railroad ; 
after  which  he  built  the  Perry  House,  which 
he  has  kept  ever  since.  He  was  elected 
Assessor  in  1870,  holding  the  office  four 
years,  and  was  again  elected  in  1877  ;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen 
five  years  fi'om  the  organization  of  the  city 
until  1877. 

MRS.  ELVIRA  RUDD,  farming,  Sec. 
17 ;    P.    0.   Pontiac ;  was   born  in  Clay, 


PONTIAC   TOWNSHIP. 


647 


Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y..July  26,  1835.  She 
was  married  on  the  6th  of  October,  1858, 
to  the  hite  Wm.  Rudd,  who  was  born 
in  Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April 
23,  1828 ;  the  same  year  they  were  mar- 
ried they  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in 
Joliet,  where  they  resided  until  18G4, 
when  they  removed  to  Livingston  Co. 
Mr.  Rudd  died  on  the  18th  of  November, 
1875,  leaving  four  children — Daniel,  Flor- 
ence E.,  Ida  L.  and  William  L.  Mrs. 
Rudd  owns  20(1  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
«9,000. 

JACOB  W.  RIGHTER,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  10,  1882  ;  he 
came  to  Illinois  in  1855,  and  settled  in 
Joliet,  \Vill  Co.,  where  he  followed  farm- 
ing and  contracting  and  building  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  rebellion.  In  the 
Spring  of  1862,  he  entered  the  service  of 
the  government,  and  spent  one  year  in 
constructing  bridges  over  the  Cumberland 
River  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn. ;  in  18(!8,  he 
removed  to  Saunemin  Tp.,  Livingston  Co., 
where  he  resided  until  his  removal  to  Pon- 
tiac in  the  Spring  of  1878.  He  was  mar- 
ried Dec.  24,  1855,  to  Miss  Martha  J. 
Reed,  of  Lockport,  111.  ;  they  have  three 
children — William  H.,  Rose  Etta  and 
Frank.  Mr.  Righter  has  served  one  term 
on  the  Board  of  Supervisors  and  several 
years  as  School  Director.  On  the  organi- 
zation of  the  Saunemin  Mutual  Fire  and 
Lightning  Insurance  Company  in  1876,  he 
was  chosen  Treasurer,  and  held  the  oflSce 
until  he  removed  from  the  township. 

B.  E.  ROBINSON,  Sheriff'  of  Liv- 
ingston Co. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  May  24,  1836,  and  . 
came  with  his  parents  to  McLean  Co.,  111., 
in  1859;  in  May,  1861,  he  went,  with 
others,  to  Missouri,  and  enlisted  in  Capt. 
Wilson's  independent  company,  and  served 
nearly  a  year,  after  which  he  entered  Co.  I, 
95th  Ohio  Vols.,  at  Columbus ;  was  pro- 
moted to  Second  Lieutenant,  and  served  in 
the  army  of  the  Mississippi ;  he  was 
wounded  at  Vicksburg  May  22,  1863,  and 
again  at  Guntown,  Miss.,  June  10,  1864; 
he  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  latter  place, 
and,  with  eleven  men  of  his  company, 
taken  to  Andersonville,  where  he  remained 
about  five  weeks,  and  was  then  taken  to 
Macon,  Ga. ;  he  was  afterward  removed, 
with  about  500  officers,  to  Charleston,  S. 


C,  and  placed  under  the  fire  of  the  Union 
guns,  in  an  open  jail  yard,  for  two  months, 
during  the  bombardment  of  the  city  ;  they 
were  then  taken  to  Columbia,  S.  C.,  from 
which  place  he  madii  his  escape,  and 
attempted  to  join  Sherman's  army,  but, 
after  twenty-six  days,  was  re-captured,  and 
after  being  taken  to  several  Southern  cities, 
was  finally  exchanged  at  ^^'ilmington,  N. 
C,  in  March,  1865.  On  the  close  of  the 
war,  he  came  to  Fairbury,  where  he  was 
married,  March  27,  1867,  to  Miss  Sarah 
E.  Finch,  of  that  town  ;  they  have  two 
children — Lucy  J.  and  Charles  L.  Mr. 
Robinson  was  elected  Sherift"  in  1872,  and 
removed  to  Pontiac;  he  was  re-elected  in 
1874  and  76.  He  is  Captain  of  Co.  A, 
10th  Bat.  Nat.  Guards,  which  was  called 
out  in  the  Summer  of  1877  to  quell  dis- 
turbances at  Braidwood,  and  was  under 
orders  twenty-one  days. 

GEO.  W.  RICE  (of  the  firm  of  G. 
W.  Rice  &  Co. ),  manufacturers  and  dealers 
in  furniture ;  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
Penobscot  Co.,  Me.,  Dec.  20,  1884 ;  when 
he  was  about  10  years  of  age  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  and  after 
spending  one  year  in  Kendall  Co.,  came  to 
Livingston  Co.  in  1847.  His  father,  E. 
G.  Rice,  resided  in  Esmen  Tp.  until  1871, 
and  removed  to  Alexander  Co  ,  in  the  ex- 
treme southern  part  of  the  State.  Mr. 
Rice  made  his  home  in  Esmen  Tp.  princi- 
pally, until  1872,  when  he  removed  to 
Pontiac;  he  engaged  in  his  present  busi- 
ness in  1874.  In  September,  1861,  he 
entered  the  Union  army  as  a  member  of 
Co.  D,  52d  111.  Vols.,  serving  in  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee;  he  was  with  his  regi- 
ment in  all  its  engagements,  the  principal 
ones  being  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  both  bat- 
tles of  Corinth,  siege  of  Atlanta,  and  on 
Sherman's  march  to  the  sea ;  he  was 
promoted  to  Second  Lieutenant  just  pre- 
vious to  his  discharge,  in  July,  1865.  He 
was  married  in  March,  1860,  to  Miss  x\de- 
line  Smith,  of  this  county,  who  died  July 
24th  of  the  same  year ;  he  was  married 
again  Jan.  2,  1870,  to  Miss  Charlotte 
Norton,  of  Pontiac,  and  has  four  children 
—  Elbridge  W.,  Mary  0.,  Charlotte  N. 
and  Georgia.  Mr.  Rice  is  at  present  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Education,  to 
which  he  was  elected  in  April,  1877. 

M.  A.  REXOE,  publisher  and  printer, 
Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  the  Province  of  On- 


648 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES ; 


tario,  Sept.  29,  1833;  when  about  10 
years  of  age,  he  left  home  and  went  to 
Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  learned  the  print- 
er's trade,  graduating  on  the  Detroit  Free 
Press;  he  came  to  Pontiac  in  June,  1855, 
and  became  proprietor  of  the  Livingston 
County  Neics,  which  had  been  started 
about  fourteen  weeks  before  ;  in  1859,  he 
sold  out  to  Albe  Bros.,  and  engaged  in 
farming,  which  he  followed  two  years,  and 
then  returned  to  Detroit ;  in  1865,  he 
came  again  to  Pontiac,  and  for  two  years 
had  charge  of  the  Pontiac  Sentinel ;  in 
1867,  in  company  with  his  brother-in-law, 
H.  C  Jones,  he  established  the  Free  Press, 
which  they  continued  until  1869,  and  then 
purchased  the  Pontiac  Sentinel,  and  com- 
bined the  two  under  the  title  of  the  Seyiti- 
nel  and  Press;  the  same  year  they  dropped 
the  Press  and  continued  the  Sentinel,  until 
1871,  when  he  withdrew  and  carried  on 
the  job  department,  Mr.  Jones  continuing 
in  charge  of  the  paper ;  in  1872,  he  pur- 
chased a  half  interest  in  the  Free  Trader, 
which  he  retained  until  July  1, 1877 ;  since 
which  time  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
drug  business.  He  was  married  in  August, 
1857,  to  Miss  Eliza  Jones,  of  Pontiac; 
they  have  two  children — Edward  E.  and 
Stella  M.  Mr.  Renoe  is  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Aldermen,  to  which  he  was 
elected  in  March,  1877. 

S.  RICKETSON,  dealer  in  hogs  and 
proprietor  of  Ricketson's  feed  yard  and 
Ricketson's  restaurant,  Pontiac  ;  was  born 
in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  8, 1814  ;  he 
followed  farming  there  until  1854,  when 
he  removed  to  New  York  City  and  engaged 
in  the  milk  business  ;  there  he  lived  four 
years,  coming  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1858; 
he  settled  in  Pike  Tp..  about  two  miles  fi-om 
Chenoa,  and  engaged  in  farming;  in  1861. 
he  came  to  Pontiac  and  started  the  first 
restaurant  in  the  city,  which  he  has  con- 
tinued ever  since.  He  was  married  Oct. 
27,  1837,  to  Miss  Mary  Barmore,  who 
was  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1816;  they  have  two  children — 
Annie  (now  Mrs.  Wm.  Barker,  of  Henne- 
pin, 111.)  and  Susan  ( wife  of  John  J.  An- 
derson, of  Pontiac  j. 

EDWARD  REILLY,  of  the  firm  of 
E.  Reilly  &  Co.,  proprietors  of  the  Pon- 
tiac Steam  Mill,  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
County  Meath,  Ireland,  May  23,  1823  ; 
his  father  was  a  farmer,  and  he  was  raised 


to  that  calling  and  followed  it  until  he  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1848  ;  he  received 
in  English  education  in  the  pay  schools  of 
his  native  county ;  arriving  in  this  country, 
he  spent  one  year  in  the  State  of  New 
York  in  making  brick ;  he  then  came  to 
Illinois,  spending  one  year  in  Chicago,  and 
settled  in  Peoria  in  1850 ;  removed  to 
Bloomington  in  1858,  and  Pontiac  in  1869 ; 
engaged  with  the  late  Stephen  C.  Crane 
in  the  brick  making  business ;  Mr.  Crane 
died  in  1877,  since  which  time  Mr.  Reilly 
has  carried  on  the  business  alone ;  he  pur- 
chased the  Pontiac  Steam  Mill  with  Wm. 
Byrne  in  1875 ;  Messrs.  S.  Denslow  & 
Son  becoming  partners  in  Jan.,  1878.  Was 
married  in  May,  1855,  to  Miss  Bridget 
Quinn,  of  Peoria ;  they  have  four  children — 
Rose  A.  (a  teacher  in  the  Pontiac  public 
schools),  Thomas  (now  in  the  brick  busi- 
ness with  his  father),  Mary  and  Maggie 
( both  of  whom  are  engaged  in  teaching  in 
the  county).  Mr.  Reilly  is  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  of  Pontiac. 

THOMAS  J.  RANKIN,  school  teacher, 
Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  March  25,  1845  ;  his  father  was  a 
manufacturer  of  salt,  and  he  assisted  in 
the  business  a  portion  of  his  time,  but 
spending  most  of  his  time  in  school ;  at 
the  age  of  15  years,  he  engaged  in  teach- 
ing, which  he  followed  during  the  Winter 
seasons  for  two  years,  in  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania; in  February,  1863,  he  came  to 
Pontiac,  and  on  the  29th  of  September, 
the  same  year,  he  enlisted  in  the  3d  I.  V. 
C,  Co.  A,  serving  until  July.  1865;  he 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Franklin,  Tenn., 
the  siege  of  Nashville,  and  in  the  series  of 
engagements  between  Gens.  Thomas  and 
Hood,  during  the  retreat  of  the  latter  from 
Nashville.  Returning  to  Pontiac,  he 
learned  the  mason's  trade,  which  he  has 
continued  to  the  present  time,  teaching 
during  a  portion  of  each  year.  He  was 
married  Oct.  4,  1866,  to  Miss  Winnifred 
Ryann,  of  Pontiac ;  she  was  born  in  the 
Province  of  Ontario ;  they  have  one  child 
— Eva  May. 

J.  W.  REMICK,  Pontiac;  was  born 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  1,  1823; 
when  he  was  about  11  years  of  age,  he  en- 
tered the  Mont  Alto  Iron  Works  and  was 
employed  in  manufacturing  cut  nails ;  in 
1841,  he  removed  to  Perry  Co.,  and  fol- 
lowed the  same  business  in  that  county  and 


PONTIAC   TOWNSHIP. 


649 


Cumberland  Co.  until  he  removed  to   Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  July,  1850  ;  he  followed  the 
milling  business  until   the   Fall  of   185»), 
when  he  was  elected   Sheriff,  serving  two 
years;  after   farming   two   years,  he    was 
elected  in  1860,  Clerk  of  the  Circuit  Court 
of  Livingston  Co.  ;  he  held  that  office  two 
terms  of  four  years  each  ;  s'nce  which  time 
he  has  followed  various  kinds  of  business, 
residing  three  years  in  Chicago  ;  during  his 
term  as  Circuit  Clerk,  he  read  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  June,  1808,  but  has 
never  engaged  in  practice  to  any   extent. 
He  was  married  in    July,    1844,  to    Miss 
Sarah  JDeNormandie,  of  Cumberland  Co., 
Penn.;  they  have  two    children    living — 
Abbie  J.  ( now  Mrs.  D.  M.  Lyon,  of  Pon- 
tiac),  and  Lida  E.,  (wife  of  Edgar  Cook,  of 
Pontiac);    one  son,  Noah  P.,  lost  his  life 
by  drowning   in  the  Vermilion  River,  in 
1857,  at  the  age  of  4  years.     Mr.  Remick 
has    also  served    one  term  as   Town  Col- 
lector. 

J.  S.  STUFF,  of  thefii-m  of  Johnson  & 
Stuff,  publishers  of  the  Pontiac  Free  Trader^ 
Pontiac;  was  born  in  Blair  Co.,  Penn., 
Nov.  28>1853;  he  is  the  son  of  Adam 
Stuff;  in  1855,  the  family  removed  to 
Tipton,  Ind.,  where  his  father  died,  and  the 
following  year  the  family  came  to  McLean 
Co.,  111.,  and  after  living  there  three  years, 
removed  to  Fairbury  in  this  county  ;  he 
learned  the  printing  business  in  the  office 
of  the  Fairbury  Journal;  in  1873,  he 
came  to  Pontiac  and  entered  the  office  of 
the  Free  Trader,  and  in  July,  1877,  be- 
came one  of  the  proprietors. 

MRS.  F.  A.   SOULE,  farmer,  Sec.  10; 
P.    0.    Pontiac  ;  was    born    in    Newport, 
Penobscot  Co.,  Me.,  Jan.  23, 1830  ;  she  is 
a  daughter  of  Matthew  and  Mar}'  Patten, 
of  Newport.     She  was  married  on  the  12th 
of  Aug.,  1850,  to  the  late  Wm.  K.    Soule, 
who  was  born  in  Waterville,  Me.,  in  Aug., 
j       182(1 ;  they  came  West  the  same  year  of 
'       their  marriage,  and  settled  in  Decatur,  111.  ; 
several  years  la<^er,  they  removed  to  Alton, 
I       111.,  returning  after   a  year    to    Decatur  ; 
'       about  18G3,  they  removed   to   Ullin,  111., 
and  in  1805   to   Pontiac  5  in   Oct.,  1867, 
I      they  settled  on  the  farm  owned  and  occu- 
'      pied  by  Mrs.  Soule.  where  she  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  845  per  acre  ;  Mr. 
Soule  was,  by  trade,  a  millwright,  and  fol- 
lowed that  business  almost  to  the   time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  in  April,  1868  ; 


he    left    one    son — William    S.,    and    an 
adopted  daughter,  Lilla  V. 

J ACO  B  STREAMER,  drug  and  variety 
store,  Pontiac  ;  familiarly  known  as  "Uncle 
Jake  Streamer;"  he  is  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Pontiac,  having  resided  here 
since  1852;  he  was  born  on  the  8th  of 
Feb.,  1818,  in  Williamsburg,  Blair  Co., 
Penn. ;  he  was  raised  to  the  business  of  a 
tailor,  and  came  to  Illinois  in  1844,  settling 
in  Putnam  Co.,  and  opening  a  grocery  store  ; 
he  established  the  first  Sunday  school  in 
Putnam  Co.;  in  1850,  he  came  to  Read 
ing,  in  this  county,  where  he  remained  tw(» 
years,  and  then  removed  to  Pontiac,  when 
there  were  but  six  houses  in  the  place,  and 
opened  a  tailor  shop;  he  acted  as  Post- 
master two  years,  although  the  regular  ap- 
pointee was  J.  P.  Garner;  he  has  been 
Justice  of  the  Peace  twelve  years.  He  was 
married  April  14,  1853,  to  Miss  Salina 
Sturman,  who  was  born  in  Virginia,  Oct. 
3,  1831  ;  they  have  three  children — Mary 
E.,  Hattie  E.  and  Francis  M. 

JAMES  SINER,  retired,  Pontiac;  was 
born  in  Worcestershire,  Eng.,  Dec.  6, 1804 ; 
his   father  was   a    soldier    in    the   British 
army  for  seventeen  years,  and  served  under 
Wellington;  when  he  was   15    years   old 
he  left  home,  went  to  London  and  shipped 
on  board  a  school  ship ;  he  made  five  voy- 
ages to  the  East  Indies,  in  the  East  India 
Company's  service,  and  came  from  China 
to  the   United  States  in  1829;  he  spent 
four  years  longer  in  following  the  sea,  mak- 
ing thirteen  years  in  all,  and,  in  1833,  set- 
tled in  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  engaged  in  carpet 
manufacturing  ;    he  followed  that  business 
twenty-two  years,  in  New  England,  having 
resided  in  all  of  the  New  England  States, 
excepting    Rhode    Island;    in    1855,   he 
removedto  New  Orleans,  where  he  engaged 
in    the    wholesale    and    retail    hardware 
business,    dealing    largely    in    machinery 
and      mechanics'     supplies,     which      he 
shipped    from    the    Eastern     cities ;     he 
came  to  Pontiac  in  1868,  and  employed  a 
portion   of   his  means  in   the  erection  of 
dwelling  houses ;  he  has  built  as  many  as 
nine  dwellings  in   the   city  ;    he   has  also 
quite  an  amount  of  property  in  Iowa  and 
Texas.     He  was  married  Dec.  8,  1833,  in 
Lowell,  Mass.,  to  Miss  Eliza  Bradford,  of 
that  city  ;  she  died  on  the  31st  of  Decem- 
ber, 1859,  leaving   six    children,  four   of 
whom  are  living — James  B.  (superintend- 


650 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


ent  of  the  Washington  mills,  Lawrence, 
Mass.),  George  H.  and  William  H.  (both 
of  whom  are  now  residing  in  California) 
and  Eliza  (now  Mrs.  Henry  J.  Colburn, 
of  Fitchburg,  Mass.)  ;  Mr.  Siner  was  mar- 
ried again  July  26,  1868,  to  Miss  Rachel 
Averill,  who  ^vas  born  in  York  Co.,  Maine, 
Feb.  8,  1810. 

W.  H.  STORY,  i^hotographer,  Pontiac; 
was  born  in  Sheffield,  Eng.,  Dec.  21, 1839; 
when  he  was  5  years  of  age,  his  parents 
came  to  the  United  States,  coming  at  once 
to  Illinois  and  settUng  in  Peoria ;  he  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  Peoria  Graded 
and  High  Schools,  and,  in  185S,  learned  the 
art  of  photography,  beginning  business  for 
himself  in  1860  ;  after  following  his  busi- 
ness in  various  places,  he  removed  to  Pon- 
tiac in  May,  1876  ;  by  constant  study  of 
his  art  he  has  made  important  improve- 
ments, and  as  an  artist  ranks  second  to 
none  in  the  State.  He  was  married  Dec. 
28,  1875,  to  Miss  Wilhelmina  F.  Elliot, 
of  Farmington,  Fulton  Co.,  111.;  she 
was  born  in  Lewistown,  111.,  April  5, 
1848. 

C.  C.  STRAWN,  attorney  at  law,  Pon- 
tiac ;  is  a  native  of  this  State  ;  he  was  born 
in  Ottawa,  La  Salle  Co.,  Aug.  22,  1841  ; 
his  father,  Eli  Strawn,  is  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Illinois,  having  come  to  the 
State  previous  to  the  Black  Hawk  war  ; 
Mr.  Strawn  received  his  education  at  the 
Northwestern  University  at  Evanston,  en- 
tering the  preparatory  department  in  1857; 
tlie  following  year  he  entered  the  Freshman 
class,  leaving  college  at  the  end  of  his 
second  year,  in  1860  ;  he  then  entered  the 
Albany  Law  School  the  same  Fall,  and  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  I,  11th  I.  V.  I.,  for  three 
months  ;  on  his  return  he  read  law  in  the 
office  of  Arrington  &  Dent  in  Chicago, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1863  ;  he 
practiced  two  years  in  Chicago,  removing 
thence  to  Omaha,  Neb.,  where  he  remained 
until  the  Fall  of  1867  ;  he  then  located  in 
Pontiac,  where  he  is  still  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law.  In  the  Fall  of  1870, 
he  was  appointed  State's  Attorney  for  the 
23d  Judicial  Circuit  of  Illinois,  by  Gov. 
Palmer,  and  performed  the  duties  of  the 
office  in  a  very  creditable  manner.  He 
was  married  in  1863,  to  Miss  Clara  F. 
Bouvrain,  of  Chicago ;  she  is  a  daughter 
of  John  Bouvrain,  who  was  a   Major  in 


Napoleon's  Bodj  Guard,  and  served  with 
him  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo  and  during 
the  retreat  from  Moscow ;  Mr.  Strawn  has 
four  children — Virginia  B.,  Louis  F.,  Ros- 
coe  B.  and  Christopher  C.  He  voted  for 
Gen.  Grant,  at  both  elections,  and,  in  1876, 
for  Cooper  and  Cary,  when  he  was  the 
candidate  for  State  Senator  on  the  Inde- 
pendent Greenback  ticket. 

FRANK  SMITH,  jeweler,  Pontiac  ;  is 
a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York  ;  he 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Utica  on  the  5th 
of  November,  1846  ;  his  parents  removed 
to  Illinois,  when  he  was  about  3  years  of 
age,  and  settled  in  Peoria  ;  he  was  educated 
at  the  public  schools  of  that  city.  In  May, 
1864,  he  entered  the  Union  army  as  a 
member  of  Co.  E,  139th  I.  V.  I.,  serving 
until   November  of  the  same  year,  when 

'  the  regiment  was  discharged  by  reason  of 
the  expiration  of  term  of  service  ;    he  re- 

j  enlisted  in  January,  1865,  in  the  151st  I. 
V.  I.,  Co.  C,  serving  in  Georgia,  and  was 
mustered  out  at  the  close  of  the  war.  Re- 
turning to  Peoria,  he  began  the  business 
of  a  jeweler,  and  continued  it  until  1872, 
when  he  removed  to  Pontiac  and  engaged 
in  business  for  himself.  He  was  married 
Jan.  1,  1871,  to  Miss  Mary  Story,  of  Pe- 
oria ;  they  have  three  children — Maud, 
Bonnie  and  Harry. 

JOHN  F.  STAFFORD,  propr.  Phoenix 
Hotel,  Pontiac ;  born  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  3,  1832  ;  he  received  an  academic 
education  in  his  native  village,  and  at  the 
age  of  about  15  years  engaged  as  cabin  boy 
on  a  steamboat  on  Lake  Champlain.  and  was 
promoted  successively  to  clerk  and  pilot ; 
he  followed  steamboating  until  1859,  when 
he  came  with  his  father,  Capt.  John  Staf- 
ford (nowof  Dwight),to  Joliet,  111.,  where 
they  engaged  in  the  hotel  business  ;  about 
five  years  later,  they  removed  to  Rock 
Island,  and  kept  the  Island  City  Hotel 
about  four  years  ;  his  father  then  removed 
to  Ottawa,  and  he  went  to  Chenoa,  and 
became  poprietor  of  the  Exchange  Hotel, 
where  he  remained  two  years  ;  he  came  to 
I^ntiac  in  1873  and  opened  the  Phoenix 
Hotel,  which  was  burned,  with  the  balance 
of  Union  Block,  on  the  4th  of  July,  1874  ; 
it  was  at  once  rebuilt  and  opened  about 
June  1,  1875  ;  since  then  he  has  spent  three 
years  in  the  Phoenix  Hotel  in  Bloomington, 
the  rest  of  the  time  residing  in  Pontiac. 
He  was  mamed  in  March,   1864,  to  Miss 


I 


PONTIAC   TOWNSHIP. 


651 


Mary  Buffaui,  i>f  Plainfield,  111.,    and  has 
one  child — Fred.  B. 

E.  F.  SCHULZ,  saU-on  and  billiard  hall, 
Fontiac ;  was  born  in  Brandenburg,  Prus- 
sia, Feb.  28,  1844 ;  came  to  the  United 
States  when  he  was  10  years  old,  with  his 
father's  family,  and  lived  in  Richmond,  Va., 
eleven  years,  and  in  18G6,  went  to  Chicago, 
where  he  made  his  home  until  1872,  when 
he  settled  in  Pontiac  and  engaged  in  his 
present  business.  He  was  married  Nov. 
11,  1873,  to  Miss  Kate  Proessel,  of  Pon- 
tiac Tp.  ;  who  was  born  in  Evanston,  111., 
■  April  29,  1854. 

J.  J.  STITES,  M.  D.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Pcmtiac  ;  was  born  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  Sept.  25,  1826  ;  he  wa,s  educated  at 
the  public  schools  of  his  native  city,  and  at 
Woodward  College,  where  he  graduated  in 
1847  ;  among  his  classmates  were  Greorge 
H.  Pendleton  and  George  E.  Pugh  ;  he 
attended  medical  lectures  in  Cincinnati, 
graduating  March  7,  1850  ;  practiced  in 
that  city  until  1854,  and  then  removed  to 
Fayette  Co.,  West  Va.,  remaining  until 
Dec,  1861;  he  graduated  at  the  Virginia 
Medical  College,  in  Feb.,  1860  ;  on  the 
breaking  out  of  the  war,  he  le'urned  to 
Cincinnati,  and  resumed  his  practice  there  ; 
in  1864,  he  removed  to  Pontiac,  where  he 
has  resided  ever  since,  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine ;  he  is  consulting  physician 
of  the  State  Reform  School.  He  was  mar- 
ried Nov.  16,  1851,  in  Covington,  Ky.,  to 
Miss  L.  Virginia  Manser,  of  New  Haven, 
West  Va. ;  they  have  four  children  living 
—Kate  M.  (now  Mrs.  Wm.  H.  Orr,  of 
Covington,  Ky.),  Margaret  A.,  H.  Virginia, 
and  Angie  E. 

J.  D.  SCOULLER,  M.  D.,  Superintend- 
ent of  the  Illinois  State  Reform  School, 
of  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Ayrshire,  Scot- 
land, Jan.  16,  1836  ;  he  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1863,  and  graduated  in 
medicine    at   the    Buffalo    University,    in 

'  1865  ;  practiced  medicine  in  Washington, 
St.  Clair  and  Randolph  Counties  ;  was  ap- 
pointed Assistant  Superintendent  of  the 
St.  Louis  House    of    Refuge,  and   while 

j  there  was  appointed  to  the  Superin- 
tendency  of  the  Illinois  State  Reform 
School  at  Pontiac,  in  May,  1872.  He  was 
m;irried  Jan.  1,  1870,  at  St.  Louis,  to  Miss 
Louisa  Detharding,  of  Belleville,  111.,  and 
has  three  children  livins. 


E.  SCHLOSSER,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Rowe  ; 
one  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  county  ;  was 
born  in  Preble  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  13,  1840  ; 
came  to  this  State  in  1840,  and  was  mar- 
ried Nov.  12,  1873,  to  Miss  Julia  Luglau, 
who  was  born  in  Norway,  April  17, 1853 ; 
they  have  had  three  children — Delia,  May, 
Alta  and  Unis  Hursey.  Mr.  Schlosser 
was  a  soldier  in  the  late  war,  having  en- 
listed in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.  ;  he  served 
nearly  three  years,  during  which  time  he 
was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Kenesaw 
Mountain  and  Peachtree  ;  in  the  latter,  he 
received  a  very  .severe  wound,  fracturing 
his  skull  and  causing  a  partial  deafness  ; 
he  was  in  fourteen  battles  ;  was  discharged 
with  honor  at  the  close  of  the  war,  by 
general  order  77,  and  A.  G.  0..  1865. 

GEO.  C.  TAYLOR,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  O.  Pontiac ;  was  born  on  the 
Island  of  St.  Bartholomew,  West  Indies, 
Jan.  30,  1817  ;  he  was  raisi'd  in  Saratoga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  resided  until  1858; 
when  he  removed  to  Livingston  Co.,  and 
settled  in  Pontiac  Tp..  on  his  present  home  ; 
he  was  raised  to  farming  pursuits,  which 
he  has  followed  principally  to  the  present 
time  ;  he  own.s  a  farm  of  fifty  acres,  finely 
improved,  on  Sec.  36.  valued  at  $100  per 
acre  ;  he  also  owns  business  and  residence 
property  in  Pontiac,  valued  at  $6,000.  He 
was  married  Sept.  13,  1837,  to  Miss 
TJretta  T.  Bentley,  who  was  born  in  Sara- 
toga Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  12,  1817,  and  died 
March  8,  1877,  leaving  one  son — John  C.  ; 
one  son,  Otis  B.,  died  at  Buck's  Lodge, 
Tenn.,  Dec.  30,  1862  ;  he  wa.s  a  member 
of  Co.  A,  129th  I.  V.  I. ;  another  son,  Geo. 
W.,  a  jeweler  of  Pontiac,  died  in  Saratoga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  13,  1871.  Mr.  Taylor 
was  married  again  Aug.  16,  1877,  to  Miss 
Minerva  E.  North,  of  Pontiac  Tp. 

JOSEPH  P.  TURNER,  capitalist, 
Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Aimapolis  Co..  Nova 
Scotia,  Dec.  20, 1825;  at  the  age  of  11  years, 
he  entered  the  store  as  clerk,  and  when  he 
was  15,  began  business  for  himself,  which 
he  continued  until  1845  ;  he  then  came  to 
La  Salle,  111.,  and  engaged  in  clerking ;  in 
1850,  he  made  the  overland  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia, and  after  following  various  kinds  of 
business  with  good  success  for  a  while,  he 
located  on  Mare  Island,  twenty-five  miles 
from  San  Francisco,  comprising  700  acre.-?, 
and  engaged  in  stock  raising ;  after  re- 
siding  there    four  years,   he   was    dispos- 


652 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


sessed  of  his  claim  by  the  government,  by 
whom  it  was  converted  into  a  navy  yard  ; 
after  remaining  two  years  longer  and  dis- 
posing of  his  stock,  he  returned  to  Illinois 
in  1856,  with  the  view  of  purchasing  stock 
and  going  again  to  California;  but  after 
visiting  his  native  country,  business  called 
him  to  Pontiac.  where  he  located  and  en- 
gaged in  real  estate  operations,  loaning 
money,  etc  ;  he  owned  at  one  time  as  many 
as  ten  farms  in  Livingston  Co.,  and  still 
has  considerable  real  estate  interest  in  the 
county,  and  in  the  city  of  Pontiac  ;  after 
the  close  of  the  war,  he  spent  nearly  three 
vears  in  merchandising.  He  was  married 
Feb.  1.  1865,  to  Miss  Susan  E.  Dupuy,  of 
Chicago ;  they  have  three  children — Lorena, 
Josephine  and  Albert  E. 

ISAAC  UMPHENOUR,  of  the  firm  of 
Lee  &  Umphenour,  blacksmiths,  Pontiac  ; 
was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  Va.,  July  15, 
1830  ;  his  father's  family  removed  to  Illi- 
nois in  1841,  and  settled  in  Edwards  Co., 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  State ;  when 
he  was  19  years  of  age,  he  came  to  Ver- 
milion Co.,  and  his  father's  family  followed 
a  few  vears  later :  he  lived  there  about 
three  years,  coming  to  Livingston  Co.,  in 
1853;  spent  a  year  and  a  half  in  Avoca 
Tp.,  removing  thence  to  Eppards  Point, 
and  to  Pontiac  in  1856  ;  he  followed  black- 
smithing  at  each  of  these  places,  and  has 
continued  it  to  the  present  time.  He  was 
married  on  the  29th  of  May.  1851,  to  Miss 
Sarah  F.  Morton,  of  Vermilion  Co.  ;  she 
was  born  near  Xenia,  in  Pickaway  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  14.  1832  ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren living — Martha  J.  (now  Mrs.  W.  H. 
Robinson,  of  Pontiac),  Elizabeth  E.  (wife 
of  J.  W.  Loftus,  of  Pontiac),  Savannah, 
Theodore  B..  Upton  C.  and  William. 
Mr.  Umphenour  has  served  one  term  on 
the  Board  of  Aldermen. 

LEANDER  UTLEY,  Jr.,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in 
Providence,  R.  I.,  May  29,  1828  -,  he  is  a 
son  of  Dr.  Leander  and  Hannah  (Harris) 
Utley,  and  a  descendant  of  Wm.  Harris, 
who  came  to  Massachusetts  with  Roger 
Williams  about  the  year  1632,  and  when 
he  was  banished  from  Massachusetts,'  ac- 
companied him  to  Rhode  Island,  and  with 
him  founded  the  city  of  Providence ;  his 
mother  is  a  sister  of  the  late  Hon.  Elisha 
Harris,  at  one  time  Governor  of  Rhode 
Island ;  Mr.  Utley  received  an   academic 


education,  and  in  1853,  came  to  Illinois, 
and  in  1856,  located  in  Pontiac.  He  was 
married  Jan.  7,  1861,  to  Miss  Margaret  A. 
Murphy,  daughter  of  George  A.  Murphy, 
of  Pontiac  ;  she  was  born  in  Antrim  Co., 
Ireland,  on  the  14th  of  Feb.,  1837,  and 
came  to  New  York  when  less  than  a  year 
old.  and  to  Pontiac  in  1858;  they  have 
had  six  children,  three  of  whom  are  livins 
— Albert  A.,  Nannie  C.  and  Amy  H. 
Mr.  Utley  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1861  ;  he  owns  270  acres  of  land  on  Sees. 
10  and  15  ;  he  makes  a  specialty  of  stock 
raising,  devoting  his  attention  to  the  im- 
provement of  stock,  especially  of  horses. 

JOHN  S.  VOGHT,  of  the  firm  of 
Legg  &  Voght,  dealers  in  boots  and  shoes; 
Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Freeport,  111.,  Sept. 
6,  1848;  his  father  was  a  farmer  near 
Freeport,  and  he  was  employed  on  the 
farm  up  to  the  age  of  nearly  16  years, 
attending  school  a  portion  of  the  year, 
when  he  entered  the  Union  army  in  Sep- 
tember, 1864,  as  a  member  of  Co.  E, 
146th  111.  Vols.,  for  one  year,  and  served 
till  the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  mustered 
out  of  the  service  on  the  8th  of  August, 
1865;  returning  to  Freeport  at  the  close 
of  the  war,  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
painter,  which  he  followed  exclusively  up 
to  1877  ;  he  then  engaged  in  the  boot  and 
shoe  trade  with  C.  E.  Legg ;  he  came  to 
Pontiac  in  October,  1873,  and  has  since 
resided  here ;  he  owns  a  dwelling  and  sev- 
eral lots  in  the  city. 

'C.  R.  WATERS,  Pontiac  111.;  was  born 
at  Williamsburg,  Ohio,  Aug.  13,  1828, 
and  residtd  there  until  he  was  12  yeirs  of 
age,  when  he  went  to  Cincinnati  to  live; 
at  the  age  of  15,  he  entered  a  store  as 
clerk,  in  which  business  he  continued  until 
1849  ;  at  this  time  he  was  21  years  old; 
the  gold  fever  of  California  was  just  then 
breaking  out,  and  Mr.  Waters  went  with 
one  of  the  first  parties  ;  he  stayed  in  the 
gold  region  three  years,  when,  having  ac- 
cumulated a  considerable  amount  of  money, 
he  returned  to  Cincinnati  and  embarked  in 
the  mercantile  trade  with  Alfred  Swing, 
brother  of  Rev.  David  Swing,  of  Chicago, 
and  continued  in  the  business  until  1855. 
In  the  year  last  named,  he  went  Atlanta, 
111.,  where,  three  years  later,  he  was  mar- 
ried to  D.  A.  Downey, of  Springfield,  Ohio; 
Mrs.  Waters  was  born  Aug.  12,  1840; 
after    their    marriage    they    removed   to 


I 


marriage 


PONTIAC  TOWNSHIP. 


653 


Bloominp;ton,  wliere  they  resided  for  five 
years ;  Mr.  Waters,  in  the  meantime,  con- 
tinuing in  the  mercantile  trade  ;  in  18(55, 
thev  removed  to  their  present  residence, 
Pontiac,  and  have  remained  here  ever  since ; 
they  have  had  three  children — Willie  D., 
born  Nov.  (I,  1851),  died  the  next  year;  ^lay 
C,  born  April  0,  18()4  ;  Frank  A.,  born 
July  26,  1867.  Mr.  Waters  is  at  present 
engaged  in  the  grain  trade  at  BlaekfJtone. 

THOMAS  WIIEKLEK,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  18;  P.  O.  Pontiac;  was 
born  in  Kings  Co.,  Ireland,  in  December, 
1824;  he  was  raised  a  firmer;  in  1S5(I. 
he  came  to  America  and  spent  one  year  in 
Troy,  N.  Y. ;  he  then  went  to  Columbia 
Co..  N.  Y.,  and  engaged  in  paper  making. 
On  the  18th  of  October.  1854,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Bridget  Duffy,  of  Colum- 
bia Co. ;  she  was  born  in  Kings  Co.,  Ire- 
land. Feb.  1,  1824;  they  have  four  chil- 
dren— Maiy  A.,  Ellen  J.,  Hugh  P.  and 
Catherine  M.  Mr.  AVheeler  came  to  Ottawa, 
111.,  in  1854,  and  resided  in  La  Salle  Co. 
until  his  removal  to  Pontiac  in  1861  ;  he 
owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $9,000; 
he  was  School  Director  for  nine  years. 

JOHN  WALLACE,  farmer,  Sec.  19; 
P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born  in  Dublin.  Ire-  , 
land,  Aug.  14,  1842 ;  when  he  was  6 
years  old  his  parents  came  to  this  country. 
and,  after  spending  one  year  in  Philadel- 
|»hia,  came  to  Ottawa,  111.,  in  1849  ;  at  the 
age  of  15  years,  young  Wallace  returned  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  spent  two  years  at 
school;  in  July.  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co. 
E,  104th  III.  Vols.,  and  served  in  the  1st 
Brig.,  2d  Div.,  14th  Army  Corps.  At  his 
first  battle,  that  of  Hartsville,  Tenn.,  he 
was  captured  by  the  rebels,  but  exchanged 
at  the  end  of  fourteen  days;  at  the  battle 
of  Chickamauga,  Sept.  20,  1861^.  he  was 
again  taken  prisoner,  together  with  fifty- 
nine  others  from  his  regiment,  and  taken 
to  Libby  Prison,  Danville,  Va.,  and  Ander- 
sonville,  (ia. ;  he  was  a  prisoner  fourteen 
months,  six  months  being  spent  in  Ander- 
sonville  Prison,  fiom  which  he  made  his 
escape,  he  and  one  other  being  the  only 
two  out  of  the  sixty  captured  from  his 
regiment  who  survived  the  privations  and 
hardships  of  j)rison  life;  on  reaching  Sa- 
vannah for  the  purpo.^e  of  joining  Sher- 
man's army,  he  found  it  had  left  three 
days  previously  ;  ca])turing  the  first  horse 
at  hand,  he  overtook  the  army  at  Lexing- 


ton, N.  C. ;  he  was  jiresentat  the  battle  of 
Bentonville,  and  all  the  skirmishes  through 
the  Carolinas;  returning  in  June,  1865, 
he  engageil  in  contract  work  on  roads  and 
railroads;  in  1871,  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  He  was  married  April  10,  1872,  to 
Mi.ss  Isabella  Hicks,  of  Ottawa,  111.  He 
has  been  for  the  past  two  years  School 
Director  and  Commissioner  of  Highways. 

J.  W.  WOODROW,  of  the  firm  of 
Woodrow  cV'  Fursman,  abstract  atid  loan 
agents,  Pontiac;  has  resided  in  Livings- 
ton Co.  since  1868;  he  was  born  in 
Hillsboro,  Highland  Co.,  Ohio,  December 
27,  1826  ;  when  he  was  about  12  years 
old  he  went  to  Greenup  Co.,  Ky.,  where 
he  lived  until  1851,  and  then  removed  to 
Grundy  Co..  111.  After  receiving  an 
English  education  he  read  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1866.  He  served 
four  terms  as  City  Clerk  of  Morris.  He 
was  married  Oct.  24,  1858,  to  Miss  Peorah 
Underwood,  of  Henry,  III.,  and  has  two 
children.  After  his  removal  to  Pontiac  in 
1868,  he  spent  three  years  in  Duff"  & 
Cowan's  bank,  and  then  engaged  iti  the 
abstract  business.  He  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  April,  1872,  and  still 
holds  the  office.  He  has  been  Notary 
Public  since  1863. 

ALVIN  WAIT,  County  Clerk,  Pon- 
tiac; is  a  native  of  Muskingum  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  was  born  Oct.  30,  1843  ;  in  1849  his 
parents  removed  to  Kane  Co.,  Ill,,  where 
they  resided  until  1852,  when  they  re- 
moved to  Grundy  Co.:  they  now  reside  in 
Dwight,  to  which  place  they  removed 
about  four  years  ago.  In  Aug.,  1862, 
Mr.  Wait  entered  the  army  as  a  corporal 
in  Co.  D,  127th  I.  V.  I.,  serving  until 
March,  1865;  he  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Vicksburg,  Arkansas  Post,  and 
was  with  Sherman's  army  from  Chatta- 
nooga to  Atlanta ;  he  lost  his  left  leg  on 
the  28th  of  July,  at  the  battle  of  Atlanta  ; 
after  his  return  he  attended  the  common 
schools  about  a  year  and  then  entered  the 
Soldiers'  College,  at  Fulton,  III.,  remaining 
a  year  and  a  half,  after  which  he  followed 
teaching  for  about  three  years.  He  was 
married  Dec.  31,  1868,  to  Miss  Alice  A. 
Maxwell,  of  La  Salle  Co.,  who  was  born 
in  Taunton.  Mas.>^  ,  April  4,  1849;  they 
have  two  children — Burton  C.  and  Carrie 
E.  He  was  elected  to  his  present  oflBce  in 
Nov.,  1877. 


654 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


R.  R.  WALLACE,  attorney  at  law  | 
(firm  of  Wallace  &  Terry),  Pontiac ;  was 
born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  March  13, 
1835,  and  resided  there  until  1858 ;  he  j 
received  an  academic  education  in  Ohio, 
came  to  Illimiis  and  graduated  at  Mon- 
mouth College  in  ISGl.  In  1862,  he  en- 
tered the  Union  army  as  a  private  in  Co. 
K,  —  0.  V.  I.;  was  promoted  to  Captain 
and  served  four  years ;  after  his  return 
he  completed  the  study  of  law  at  Ottawa, 
111.,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1867  ; 
he  then  located  at  Chatsworth,  in  this 
county,  remaining  there  until  his  removal 
to  Pontiac,  in  the  Spring  of  1874.  He 
was  married  on  the  3d  of  June,  1867,  to 
Miss  C  L.  Strawn,  daughter  of  Isaiah 
Strawn,  Esq.,  of  Ottawa.  They  have  four 
children.  Mr.  Wallace  was  elected  Judge 
of  the  County  Court  in  1873,  and  re- 
elected in  1877. 

EDWARD  L.  WILSON,  blacksmith, 
Pontiac;  was  born  in  Oxfordshire,  Eng- 
land, July  14,  1836 ;  came  to  the  United 
States  at  the  age  of  12  years  with  his 
uncle,  and  lived  in  Schenectady,  N.  Y., 
until  1856  ;  he  began  his  trade  of  a  black- 
smith in  1853,  and  has  followed  it  to  the 
present  time ;  he  settled  in  Pontiac  in 
1856,  and  in  Dec,  1863,  he  enlisted  in 
the  17th  I.  \.  C,  Co.  A,  serving  in  Mis- 
souri and  Kansas,  and  was  mustered  out 
with  his  regiment  at  the  close  of  the  war. 
Returning  in  1865,  he  resumed  his  busi- 
ness in  Pontiac  ;  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Aldermen  in  April,  1877. 
He  was  married  Jan.  28,  1863,  to  Miss 
Madora  H.  Downing,  daughter  of  Harri- 
son Downing,  of  Pontiac ;  she  was  born 
in  Ohio,  Feb.  7.  1845  ;  they  have  one 
child— Harry  F. 

R.  B.  WELCH,  Principal  public  schools, 
Pontiac ;  was  born  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  Ind.. 
July  23,  1850;  in  1864,  his  parents  re- 
moved to  De  Witt  Co.,  111.,  where  they 
now  reside ;  Mr.  Welch  was  educated  at 
the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University,  Bloom- 
ington,  which  he  entered  in  1870  ;  in  the 
Fall  of  1871,  he  published  a  mathematical 
work  entitled  '-'Common  Sense  Applied  to 
Numbers,  or  The  Word  System  in  Read- 
ing Columns  of  Figures  Explained  and  Ex- 
emplified," being  a  classification  of  the 
nine  digits  into  arithmetical  letters,  sylla- 
bles and  words,  by  means  of  which  a  col- 
umn or  columns  of  figures  may  be  read  as 


easily,  rapidly  and  accurately  as  a  line  of 
letters  in  our  written  language ;  this  sys- 
tem has  been  generally  introduced  into  the 
colleges  of    the  country  and  into  all  the 
departments  of  the  Grovernnifent  at  Wash- 
ington, and   has  reached   a   sale   of   some 
50,000    copies ;    after   traveling   with  his 
work  a  year,  he  took  charge  of  the  High 
School    in    Abingdon,  111.,  and    the    next 
year,    1873,   he  accepted  the   position,  at 
an  increased  salary,  of  Principal  of  public 
schools  in  Washington,  111.,  where  he  re- 
mained two  years,  returning  in  1875,  to 
the    University,   where    he    graduated   in 
June,  1877  ;  in  Oct.,  1876,  he  was  chosen 
to  represent  his  college  in  the  Inter-Colle- 
giate Oratorical  Contest,  held  at  Evanstou, 
111.,  and  althoiigli  not  obtaining  the  prize, 
so  acquitted  himself  that  the  press  and  the 
public   were   unanimous   in   praise   of  his 
effort,  and  many  thought  a  prize  should 
have  been  awarded  him  ;  in  1877  he  became 
Principal   of    public    schools    at    Pontiac. 
He  was  married   July  31,  1870,  to   Miss 
Maggie  Hamand,  of  Le  Roy,  McLean  Co., 
[   111.,   and    has    two    children — Charles    D. 
and  Lena  B.     In  1875,  Mr.  Welch  served 
as  Vice    President  of   the  Illinois  State 
Teachers'  Association. 

JOHN  C.  WINANS,  teacher,  Pontiac  : 
was  born  in  Berne,  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec. 
1  20,1832;  he  was  educated  in  Rensselaerville 
Academy,  in  his  native    county,  and    after 
completing  his  course  of  study,  engaged  iu 
teaching,  which  profession  he  has  followed 
I  to  the  present  time,  having  taught  thirty 
terms ;  it  was  at  the  academy  that  he  met 
the  lady  who   afterward  became  his  wife, 
!   Miss  Susan  W.  Crocker,  daughter  of  Ancel 
'   Crocker ;  she  was  born  in  Schoharie   Co., 
j  N.  Y.,  April  30,  1835  ;  after  receiving  a 
;  common    school    education,    she    entered 
Rensselaerville    Academy   where    she   re- 
i  mained  six  years.     She  was  married  to  Mr. 
Winans  on  the  25th  of  Sept.,  1855,  and 
settled  in   Rensselaerville,    residing   there 
until  their  removal  to  Pontiac  in  1864 ; 
they  have  one  son — George   A.,  who   is  a 
teacher  in  the  public  schools,  having  taught 
seven  terms  ;  in   1866,   Mrs.   Winans  en- 
tered the  office  of  the  Circuit  Clerk,  where 
she  remained  nine  years,  during  which  time 
she  became  familiar  with  clerical  work,  the 
making  of  abstracts  and  legal   documents  ; 
in  1875,  she  became  abstract  clerk  in  the 
,  office  of  J.  F.  Culver  &   Co.,  and  on  the 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


655 


13th  of  March,  1876,  she  was  appointed  a 
Notary  Public  l»y  Governor  Bevcridge, 
being  the  only  lady  to  hold  the  office  in 
Livingston  Co. 

J.  C.  WICKERY^  pla.sterer,  Pontiac ;  j 
was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  ! 
6.  1824;  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  plas- 
terer when  he  was  10  years  old.  and  has 
followed  it  to  the  present  time  ;  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  in  1854,  and  in  1856  his 
family   followed ;    he   settled   at    Reading 


where  he  resided  until  1803,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Pontiac,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since.  He  was  married  in  May,  184S, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  B.  Rankin,  of  Wa.shing- 
ton  Co.,  Penn. ;  she  was  born  there  in  July, 
1826  ;  they  have  six  children  living — 
Emma  M.  (now  the  wife  Rev.  D.  H,  Krei- 
dler,  of  Saline  Co.,  Neb.);  Ella  B.  (now  Mrs. 
Frank  McCl<Jud  )  ;  Flora,  (wife  of  L.  F. 
Lutyen,  of  Pontiac) ;  Samuel  G..  John  B. 
and  Frank. 


ODELL    TOWNSHIP. 


CHAS.  E.  AXT,  watchmaker  and  jew- 
eler, Odell  ;  was  born  in  Fort  Madison, 
Iowa,  Feb.  19,  1853  ;  when  he  was  about 
1 2  years  of  age,  he  began  steam-boating  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  in  the  service  of  the 
Northern  Line  Packet  Co.,  in  the  capacity 
of  cabin  boy,  and  afterward  became  steward 
and  second  clerk  ;  after  following  the  busi- 
ness three  years,  he  learned  the  watch- 
maker's trade  in  Fort  Madison,  and 
after  he  had  served  his  time,  worked  at 
home  a  while  ;  he  then  removed  to  Lincoln, 
111.,  where  he  remained  until  1874,  and 
then  .settled  in  Odell,  where,  by  strict  atten- 
tion to  business  and  the  wants  of  his  cus- 
tomers, he  has  succeeded  in  establishing  a 
profitable  business  being  the  first  jeweler 
to  make  a  success  in  Odell.  In  1877  he 
was  elected  Village  Clerk  and  was  re-elected 
in  1878.  He  was  married  Oct.  15,  1873, 
t<.  Miss  Nellie  E.  Stewart,  of  Fort  Madison, 
Iowa  ;  they  have  one  child — Orlinn  May. 

WILLIAM  ALLAN,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  P.  0.  Odell ;  has  been  a  resident  of 
Livingston  Co'.,  sinci-  1856  ;  he  was  born  in 
Berwickshire,  Scotland,  July  4,  1825;  he 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1850,  and 
settled  in  Lisbon,  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  where 
he  resided  until  his  removal  to  Livingston 
Co.,  in  1855  ;  he  opened  a  farm  on  Sec.  12, 
in  Esmen  Tp.  ;  he  built  the  first  house  on 
the  prairie  in  his  vicinity,  the  nearest  house 
being  two  and  a  half  miles  away  ;  he  settled 
on  his  present  farm  in  1871  ;  he  owns  560 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $22,000  ;  he  is  an 
example  of  an  enterjirising  and  successful 
farmer.  He  was  married  in  Sept.,  1855, 
to  Ellen  Imrie,  who  was  born  in  Roxbury- 


shire,  Scotland,  near  the  home  of  Sir  Wal 
ter  Scott,  Feb.  17,  1828 ;  they  have  eight 
children — John  H.,  William  I.,  David  J., 
Andrew  T.,  Agnes  K.,  George  B.,   Charles 
S.  and  Edward  P. 

W.  D.  ANGELL,  former,  P.  0.  Odell ; 
born  in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  25, 1824  ; 
he  was  raised  on  the  farm  until  he  was  23 
years  of  age ;  he  then  spent  a  year  in  the 
Clyde  High  School,  after  which  he  went  to 
Tompkins  Co.,  and  engaged  in  clerking. 
He  was  married  Sept.  25,  1850,  to  Miss 
Mary  J.  Harvey,  of  his  native  county  ;  she 
was  born  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  21, 
1833 ;  they  have  one  child — Elvena  I. 
Mr.  Angell  then  engaged  in  merchandising 
in  Newfield,  Tompkins  Co.,  which  he  con- 
tinued three  years  ;  in  1854,  he  came  to 
Illinois,  settling  in  Will  Co.,  where  he  re- 
sided until  Dec,  1856,  when  he  removed  a 
short  distance  into  Grundy  Co. ;  in  1858,  he 
went  on  to  his  farm  in  Kendall  Co.,  and 
lived  there  until  his  removal  to  Odell  in 
in  1865.  He  has  served  two  terms  on  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  and  for  the  past  five 
years  as  Township  School  Trustee,  and  w;is 
elected  President  of  the  Board  in  1877. 

F.  BALENSIEFER,  dealer  in  general 
merchandise,  Odell ;  was  born  in  Prussia 
on  the  23d  of  November,  1835 ;  he 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1854, 
coming  at  once  to  Illinois  and  settling  in 
Mendota,  where  he  resided  for  twelve 
years ;  he  then  removed  to  Living-ston  Co. 
in  1866,  and  followed  farming  in  Sunbury 
Tp.  until  1872,  when  he  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising in  Odell,  where  he  has  since 
resided.     He  was  married  Aug.  13,  1861, 


656 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


to  Miss  Carrie  Hoberg,  of  Peru,  111. ;   she 
was  born  in  the  Province  of  Westphalia.   | 
Prussia,  in  April,  1840;  they  have  seven   ' 
children — Emma,     Carrie,     Minnie,     Ida, 
Henry,  Bertha  and  Otto. 

T.  0.  BANNISTER,  M.  D.,  physi- 
cian and  surgeon,  Odell ;  was  born  in 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1833  ;  he 
attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Albany 
Medical  College,  and  afterward  entered  the 
medical  department  of  the  University  of 
New  York,  where  he  graduated  in  March,  ; 
1856.  He  engaged  in  practicing  medicine 
at  Waterloo,  N.  Y.,  remaining  there  until 
the  Fall  of  1857,  and  then  removed  to 
Phelps,  Ontario  Co.  ;  in  June,  1862,  he 
entered  the  service  of  the  government  as 
Acting  Assistant  Surgeon  in  the  United 
States  Army,  and  was  stationed  at  the  Fair- 
fax Seminary  General  Hospital,  Va.,  and 
afterward  in  the  Army  Square  and  Camp- 
bell General  Hospitals  in  Washington  till 
the  clo.se  of  the  war  He  came  to  Odell 
in  1865,  where  he  has  been  located  ever 
since,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  married  Jan.  7,  1857,  to 
Miss  Hannah  E.  Pound,  of  Wayne  Co., 
N.  Y. ;  they  have  two  children — George 
S.  and  Harry  J. 

REV.  B.  BOYLAN,  Pastor  of  St. 
Paul's  Catholic  Church,  Odell  ;  was 
born  in  Wareham,  Mass.,  Sept.  25, 
1853  ;  he  attended  the  public  schools  of 
his  native  town  until  hfe  was  11  years 
of  age,  and  then  prepared  for  college  at 
the  Pierce  Academy,  Middleboro,  Mass.  ; 
in  1868,  he  entered  St.  Charles  College, 
near  Baltimore,  where  he  completed  the 
regular  course,  graduating  in  June,  1872; 
in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year,  he  became  a 
student  of  philosophy  in  St.  Laurent's 
College,  near  Montreal,  remaining  there 
two  years;  he  afterward  spent  two  years 
and  a  half  in  the  Grand  Seminary  in 
Montreal,  engaged  principally  in  the  study 
of  dogmatic  and  moral  theology,  the 
Scriptures,  and  canon  laws.  On  the  23d 
of  December,  1876,  he  was  ordained  a 
clergyman  of  the  Catholic  Church  by  the 
Kt.  Rev.  Edward  Charles  Fabre,  Bishop 
of  the  Diocese  of  Montreal,  and  was 
appointed  assistant  to  Rev.  Dr.  Wallace,  of 
St.  Michael's  Church,  Providence,  R.  I., 
remaining  eight  months ;  in  September, 
1877,  he  became  Pastor  of  the  church  in 
Odell. 


N.  BUCHER,  billiard  hall,  Odell; 
was  born  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  on  the 
15th  of  August,  1849;  he  lived  there 
until  February,  1867,  when  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  located  in  Bloomington,  resid- 
ing there  until  his  removal  to  Odell  in 
1876.  He  was  married  Nov.  9,  1872.  to 
Miss  Annie  Hartman,  of  Bloomington,  in 
which  city  she  was  born  on  the  13th  of 
April,  1855  ;  they  have  one  child — Daisy. 
C.  K.BRITTENHAM,  grain  and  live 
I  stock  dealer,  Cayuga  ;  was  born  in  Piatt 
Co..  111.,  Feb.  22,  1852  ;  he  resided  there 
until  he  was  19  years  of  age;  after 
obtaining  a  common  school  education  in 
;  his  native  county,  he  entered  the  Valpa- 
raiso Indiana  Normal  School,  where  here- 
mained  a  year  and  a  half;  he  came  to 
Cayuga  in  1875.  and  engaged  in  the  grain 
and  stock  business,  where  he  has  remained 
to  the  present  time. 

C.  W.  BARBER,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  was  born  in  Sara- 
toga Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  7th  of  July,  1834; 
in  1851,  he  came  to  Illinois  with  his 
father's  family,  settling  in  La  Salle  Co., 
where  he  re-sided  until  his  removal  to  Odell 
i  in  1866  ;  \\is  father  was  a  carpenter  and 
builder,  and  Mr.  Barber  has  always  fol- 
j  lowed  that  trade  ever  since  he  was  old 
enough  to  handle  a  saw  or  plane,  until  about 
1  six  years  ago,  when  he  purchased  his  pres- 
ent farm  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  was 
married  on  the  11th  of  Oct.,  1857,  to  Miss 
Adeline  Hai'ris,  of  Burr  Oak,  St.  Joseph 
Co.,  Mich.  ;  she  is  a  daughter  of  Harvey 
Harris,  Esq.,  now  of  Odell ;  she  was  born 
in  1835  ;  they  have  seven  children — Mary 
E..  Roselle  J..  Emma  J.,  Harvey  C,  Fan- 
nie. Mabel  and  Nellie.  Mr.  Barber  hti-i 
served  several  terms  as  School  Director  ; 
is  at  pre.-^ent  Commissioner  of  Highways;  he 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  8,  valued 
at  $3,200. 

E.  F.  BOULTER,  livery  stable,  Odell ; 
was  born  in  York  Co.,  Me.,  July  30,  1838  ; 
I  he  was  raised  upon  a  farm  and  receive!  a 
good  Englisii  education  ;  he  worked  at 
shoemaking  for  a  time,  then  engaged  in 
the  grocery  and  provision  business  in  the 
city  of  Portland,  in  which  he  continued 
four  years ;  he  then  learned  and  followed 
;  the  trade  of  cooper  about  four  years  ;  he 
came  West  in  1865,  locating  in  Livingston 
Co.,  Sunbury  Tp.,  where  he  bought  295 
acres  of  land,  and  farmed  for  three  years, 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


657 


then  returned  to  Maine  for  a  time,  then 
settling  in  Odcll  and  engaging  in  his  pres- 
ent business.  He  married  Mi.ss  Carrie  K. 
Brooks,  of  Porthind,  Me.,  Aug.  22,  1859  ; 
she  was  born  Fel).  22, 1843 ;  they  have 
four  children — J.illian  G.,  born  in  Port- 
land, Me.,  Dec.  13,  1860  ;  James  W., 
born  in  Portland,  Me.,  Sept.  17,  18(54 ; 
Alice  M.,  born  in  Odell,  Sept.  20,  1S71  ; 
Clarence  E.,  born  in  Odell,  May  20,  1873. 

JOHN  M.  BECK,  butcher,  Odell  ;  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Wurt- 
teraberg,  Germany,  Feb.  25,  1849,  where 
he  received  a  good  German  education  ;  his 
tirst  business  engagement  was  that  of  a 
miller  ;  he  came  to  this  country  in  1868, 
locating  in  Bureau  Co.,  111.,  and  there  found 
employment  as  a  miller;  in  1872,  he 
opened  a  butcher  shop  in  Lyndon,  which 
he  operated  successfully  for  three  years  ;  he 
came  to  Odell  in  1875,  and  ojjeneda  cloth- 
ing .store,  which  business  he  followed  until 
1877,  when  he  established  himself  in  his 
present  business. 

E.  0.  CHAPMAN,  station  agent  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  R.  R,.,  Cayuga  ;  was  born  in 
Morehead,  Lancashire,  Eng.,  May  14, 
1835;  in  1848,  he  came  to  the  United 
States  with  his  parents,  being  then  but  13 
years  of  age;  they  settled  in  Lisbon,  Ken- 
dall Co.,  111.,  where  his  parents  died  the 
same  year,  leaving  him  with  one  brother, 
5  years  liis  senior ;  in  1850,  he  began 
learning  the  carpenter's  trade,  which  he 
followed  ten  years  ;  he  came  to  Cayuga  in 
May,  1855.  In  June,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Union  army,  serving  till  Oct.  4,  1864, 
in  Co.  C,  39th  I.  V.  I. ;  he  enlisted  as  a 
private  and  was  promoted  to  Sergeant,  and 
took  pare  in  all  the  battles  of  his  regiment, 
including  the  first  battle  of  Winchester. 
Black  River,  Port  Repul)lic,  Malvern  Hill, 
siege  of  Charleston  ( his  regiment  being  the 
first  in  the  siege),  the  attack  on  Fort  Wag- 
ner (where  Mr.  Chapman  was  one  of  the 
first  in  the  fort)  and  the  battles  of  Kings- 
land  Creek  and  Deep  Run.  In  1872,  he 
became  station  agent  at  Cayuga,  and  in 
1875,  seeing  the  necessity  of  a  telegraph 
oflBce,  he  learned  telegraphy  with(  ut  an  in- 
structor, putting  in  his  own  wire  and  in- 
strument, although  he  had  never  boon  inside 
of  an  office.  He  was  married  Sept.  16, 
1865,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Thompson,  of  Ed- 
ington,  Ohio,  and  has  three  children  living 
— Agnes,  Mary  and  Edwin  ;  two  children 


(George  and  Emily)  died  in  1875  and 
1874,  respectively.  Mr.  Chapman  has 
served  as  Postmaster  for  the  past  six  years  ; 
he  has  also  served  eight  years  as  School 
Director  and  three  years  as  Commissioner 
of  Highways. 

M.  CLEARY.  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Tipperary,  Ireland, 
Feb.  8, 1840  ;  in  March  of  the  same  year, 
his  parents  came  to  the  United  States,  and 
after  living  one  yeir  in  Ohio,  settled  in 
LaSalle  Co.,  111. ;  Mr.  Cleary  began  farm- 
ing for  himself  in  1861,  renting  a  farm 
and  buying  his  first  team  on  credit ;  in 
1868,  he  removed  to  Odell  Tp.  and  pur- 
chased 320  acres  of  land,  to  which  he  has 
added  until  he  now  owns  720  acres,  well 
improved  and  under  good  cultivation,  and 
valued  at  $36,000 ;  he  turns  oft"  from  200 
to  300  hogs  and  some  150  head  of  cattle  an- 
nually. He  was  married  Aug.  14, 1865,  to 
Miss  Ellen  Burke,  of  Sandwich,  De  Kalb 
Co.,  111.;  they  have  eight  children — Katie, 
William  P.,  John,  Frank,  Alice,  Ellen. 
Michael  A.  and  James.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Supervisors  to  which  he 
was  elected  in  1873,  and  re-elected  each 
succeeding  year  ;  he  has  also  been  School 
Director  for  the  past  eight  years. 

C.  N.  COE,  dealer  in  grain,  coal,  .stock, 
etc..  Cayuga  ;  is  a  native  of  Livingston 
Co.,  N.  Y.;  he  was  born  on  the  20th  of 
June,  1830  ;  on  becoming  of  age,  he  left 
home  and  went  to  California,  where  he  fol- 
lowed farming  and  the  lumber  business  for 
five  years,  returning  in  1856,  and  the  same 
year  came  to  Livingston  Co. ;  he  spent 
about  two  years  at  Cayuga,  and  then  settled 
on  a  farm  about  two  miles  west,  whei-e  he 
lived  until  1866,  and  then  came  to  Cay- 
uga and  engatied  in  dealin*:  in  grain,  coal, 
stock,  etc.,  which  he  has  continued  to  the 
present  time.  He  was  married  on  the  22d 
of  April,  1857,  to  Miss  Martha  S.  Ham- 
mond, of  Cayuga  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  she  died  in 
January,  1872,  in  Cayuga,  leaving  two 
children — ^Lizzie  H.  and  Curtis  H. ;  lu; 
was  married  in  March,  1873,  to  Mrs.  Sarah 
A.  Valentine,  of  Cayuga.  Mr.  Coe  holds 
the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Pcac  ',  to  which 
he  was  elected  in  1872. 

J.  P.  DESVOIGNES,  retired ;  P.  O. 
Odell ;  was  born  in  Switzerland  March  15. 
1815  ;  he  followed  wagon  making  and 
cabinet  making  until  he  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1846,  and  after  spending 


658 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


four  years  in  New  York  City,  he  went 
to  Georgia,  and  about  a  year  later  returned 
to  New  York;  in  1855,  he  removed  to 
Ottawa,  111.,  and  in  1858  settled  in  Odell, 
being  the  third  settler  in  the  town.  He 
was  married  in  September,  1853,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Colon,  a  native  of  France.  He 
has  two  children  living — Alfred  (now  of 
Odell )  and  Sophia  E. 

ALFRED  DESVOIGNES,  manufac- 
turer of  harness,  saddles,  etc.,  Odell;  was 
born  in  Switzerland  February  5,  1845 ; 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1851; 
to  Ottawa,  111.,  in  1855 ;  thence  to  Odell 
in  1858;  in  April,  1862,  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  F,  68th  111.  Vols.,  and  served  five 
months  ;  in  May,  1864,  he  enlisted  again 
in  the  First  Missouri  Light  Artillery,  and 
served  till  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was 
married  Dec.  25,  1807,  to  Miss  Adele 
Chenot,  of  Stark  Co..  Ohio,  and  has  two 
children — Ida  and  George. 

PETER  EPPLER,  M.  D.,  physician 
and  surgeon,  druggist,  and  dealer  in  gen- 
eral merchandise,  Cayuga;  was  born  in 
Wurtemburg,  Germany,  August  29,  1840; 
he  came  with  his  parents  to  this  country 
in  1852,  settling  in  Chicago,  where  he 
he  lived  until  1867.  After  receiving 
a  common  school  education,  he  attended  a 
course  of  study  at  Bryant  &  Stratton's 
Business  College ;  in  1864,  he  entered  the 
Chicago  Medical  College,  graduatiog  in 
1867,  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  after  spending  eight  months  in  Pon- 
tiac  he  settled  in  Cayuga,  where  he  is 
engaged  in  practicing  medicine  and  mer- 
chandising. He  was  married  on  Easter 
Monday,  1872,  to  Miss  Augusta  Schliep- 
sieck,  of  Grundy  Co.,  111. ;  they  have  two 
children — Dora  and  Angle.  He  has  served 
one  term  as  Township  School  Trustee,  and 
three  years  as  School  Director. 

JAMES  H.  FUNK,  attorney  at  law, 
Odell ;  was  born  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio, 
February  15,  1842;  in  1849,  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111. ;  he 
was  raised  on  the  farm,  and  his  opportuni- 
ties for  an  education  were  such  as  were 
afibrded  by  the  district  school.  He  was 
married  Aug.  15,  1862,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
Gibson,  of  La  Salle  Co.,  111. ;  she  died 
June  27,  1865,  leaving  one  daughter — 
Lucinda  I.;  in  1866,  he  removed  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  and  settled  on  a  farm  in 
Union   Tp.      On  the  7th  of   November, 


1866,  he  was  married  again  to  Miss  E.  J 
Gardner,   of   Silver   Creek,  N.    Y. ;    they 
have  two  children — Cynthia  A.  and  Edna 
E.     While  engaged  in  farming,  Mr.  Funk 
pursued  the  study  of  law,  which  he  had 
begun  in  1865,  laboring  on  the  farm  dur- 
ing the  day  and  spending  his  evenings  in 
reading  law.     He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
May  21,  1871,  and  the  following  October 
began  practice  in  partnership  with  A.  P. 
Wright  in  Odell.     This  partnership  con- 
tinued until  May,  1873,  since  which  time 
he    has   practiced    alone ;    in    November, 
1872,    he    was    elected   State's   Attorney, 
holding    the   ofiice   four    years ;    he   also 
served  four  years  as  Corporation  Attorney. 
In   addition   to    his   law     practice,   he    is 
is  still  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising, 
having  a  farm  of  160  acres  in  Union  Tp. 
GEORGE  FERGUSON,   farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.   0.   Odell ;   was  born  in 
Bannfshire,    Scotland,    Dec.     15,     1833;^ 
when  he  was  three  years  old  his  parents 
came  to  the  United  States,  settling  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  111.     Mr.  Ferguson  was  raised  in 
La  Salle  Co.,  remaining  at  home,  and  work- 
ing on  the  farm  during  the  Summers,  and 
attending  school   during  the  Winter  sea- 
sons; when  he  was  22  years  old,  he  began 
farming  for  himself     He  was  married  on 
the  first  of  January,  1858,  to  Miss  Mar- 
garet Cairns,   of   La  Salle   Co. ;  she  was 
born  in  the  province  of  Ontario  in  1831 ; 
they  have  six  children — John  W.,  Eliza- 
beth,   Catherine,    Ida    B.,     Almeda    and 
Agnes.     Mr.  Ferguson  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  January,  1867,  and  settled  on  his 
present  farm  containing  160  acres,  valued 
at  $6,400.      He  served  as  Constable  three 
years  in  LaSalle  Co.,  some  eight  years  as 
School    Director,    and     Commissioner    of 
Highways  two  years  ;  in  Livingston  Co.  he 
has  been  School  Director  for  the  past  five 
years. 

JAMES  FORES,  contractor  and  job- 
ber, Odell ;  is  a  young  man  of  good 
business  ability  and  a  strong  advocate 
of  temperance  ;  was  born  in  the  county  of 
Durham,  Ontario,  April  5,  1848;  he 
came  to  the  United  States  with  his  parents 
in  1858,  locating  in  Kane  Co.,  111.,  where 
they  remained  until  1863,  thence  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  their  present  home  ;  in  1872, 
he  was  engaged  in  contracting  and  remov- 
ing debris  from  a  portion  of  the  burnt 
district  of  Chicago,  in  which  he  was  finan- 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


659 


.  cially  succe!<stul ;  at  present  he  is  engaged 
in  road  grading  and  keeping  roads  in 
repair.  He  is  a  man  of  industry,  and  has 
accumulated  quite  a  good  property. 

SAMUEL  GAMMON,  retired,  Odell ; 
was  born  in  Gorham,  Me.,  May  1-4,  1797  ; 
ho  was  raised  a  farmer,  his  father  being 
an  extensive  farmer  and  hmiberman  ;  on 
the  14th  of  Sept.,  1815,  just  at  the  close  of 
the  war  of  1812,  the  city  of  Portland,  Me., 
was  threatened  by  the  British  men-of-war, 
and  an  attack  was  hourly  expected ;  the 
forts  on  either  side  of  the  harbor  were  com- 
paratively no  protection,  not  being  suffi- 
ciently garrisoned  ;  in  this  emergency  Mr. 
Gammon,  then  18  years  of  age,  volun- 
teered with  others  for  the  defense  of  the 
city,  and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Preble, 
where  he  remained  until  after  the  ratifica- 
tion of  peace  between  the  two  governments ; 
in  1843,  he  came  to  Illinois  and  located  at 
Shabbona  (irove,  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  where 
he  opened  a  farm  and  remained  about  two 
years,  and  then  removed  to  EarlvUle  ;  he 
came  to  Odell  in  1867,  and  after  about 
ten  years  removed  to  Batavia.  He  was 
married  Sept.  24,  1818,  to  Miss  Melinda 
Quint,  of  his  native  town,  with  whom  he 
has  passed  sixty  years  of  married  life  ;  she 
was  born  on  the  7th  of  May,  1798  ;  they 
have  five  children — P]lijah  H.,  Ansel  E., 
Samuel,  Charles  and  Eliza  P.  (now  Mrs. 
Charles  Hennick,  of  Odell  j. 

JOHN  GOWER,  retired  farmer,  Odell; 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.  (then  a  part  of 
Somerset  Co.)  Me.,  Feb.  1,  1808  ;  he  has 
always  been  engaged  principally  in  farm- 
ing ;  he  received  an  academic  education  at 
the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary,  at  Kent's 
Hill,  and  at  the  Farmington  Academy,  and 
taught  school  during  the  Winters  for  seven- 
teen years  ;  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Selectmen  for  a  longtime,  and  also  one  of 
the  committee  superintending  schools ;  he 
came  West  and  settled  in  Livingston  Co. 
in  1850,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Sun- 
bury  Tp.,  which  he  followed  until  the  Fall 
of  1873,  when  he  removed  to  Odell,  still 
retaining  his  farm  of  nearly  400  acres.  He 
was  married  April  8,  1834,  to  Miss  Dora- 
tha  Weeks,  of  the  same  county,  but  then 
a  part  of  Kennebec  Co.,  Me. ;  she  was  born 
on  the  10th  of  March,  1811;  they  have 
two  children  living — Bailey  A.,  of  Sun- 
bury  Tp.,  and  Julia  H.  (now  Mrs.  Gammon). 
Mr.  Gower  has  been  a  member  of  the  Board 


of  Supervisors  a  number  of  years,  and  has 
served  several  years  as  Assessor. 

L.  L.  GREEN,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  ; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Monroe  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Jan.  24,  182G  ;  he  is  a  descendant  of 
Gen.  Nathanael  Greene,  of  Revolutionary 
fame  ;  when  he  was  about  6  years  of  age. 
his  parents  removed  to  Ohio,  settling  in 
Ashtabula  Co.,  where  he  resided  until  he 
came  to  Illinois  in  1854  ;  his  business  in 
Ohio  was  manufacturing  butter  and  cheese ; 
his  first  settlement  in  Illinois  was  in  the 
town  of  Dayton,  La  Salle  Co.,  where  he 
lived  until  the  Fall  of  1870,  when  he  came 
to  Odell,  and  settled  near  town  ;  he  is  also 
engaged  largely  in  buying  grain  in  Iowa, 
shipping  to  Chicago.  He  was  married  on 
the  14th  of  April,  1847,  to  Miss  Marilla 
J.  Randolph,  of  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio  ;  she 
was  born  in  Elizabethtown,  N.  J.,  on  the 
2d  of  April,  1832;  they  have  four  chil- 
dren— Gurley  J.,  Frank  H.,  Oakley  E., 
all  residents  of  Walnut,  Iowa,  and  Iva 
Maud.  He  has  served  nine  years  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  three  years  as  Su})ervisor, 
four  years  as  Collector,  and  several  years  as 
Commissioner  of  Highways  ;  he  has  also 
served  one  term  as  member  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors  of  Livingston  Co. 

REV.  A.  G.  GOODSPEED,  clergyman 
and  farmer,  Odell ;  was  born  in  Clinton 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  November  10,  1823  ;  when 
he  was  1 2  years  of  age,  his  father  removed 
with  his  family  to  Delaware  Co.,  Ohio : 
he  was  educated  at  the  Wesleyan  Seminary. 
Westerville,  Ohio ;  in  1844,  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  engaged  in  farming  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  and,  after  a  few  years,  en- 
gaged in  merchandising  in  Harding, 
which  he  continued  about  four  3  ears ; 
he  then  returned  to  Ohio  and  re- 
mained there  four  years  ;  he  then  returned 
to  La  Salle  Co.  He  was  married  in  1843, 
to  Miss  Abigail  Crane,  of  Delaware  Co.. 
Ohio  ;  she  died  in  1848,  leaving  two  chil- 
dren, one  of  whom,  Lewis  G.,  is  still  liv- 
ing. In  October,  1864,  Mr.  Goodspeed 
was  ordained  a  Deac(»i)  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  and  in  September,  1868, 
was  ordained  an  Elder  of  the  church,  and 
followed  the  work  of  the  ministry  more  or 
less  to  the  present  time ;  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  1864,  and  has  continued  to 
reside  in  the  county  ever  since  ',  he  settled 
on  his  present  farm  in  1872,  where  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  and  also  owns  resi- 


660 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


dence  property  in  Odell.  He  was  married 
A  second  time,  Feb.  23,  1 855,  to  Miss  Mary 
A.  Bradshaw,  of  La  Salle  Co. ;  they  have 
four  children— Eva  M.,  Willie  B.,  Ida  V. 
and  Frankie  R.  Mr.  Gr.  has  served  seven 
years  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  two  years  as 
Supervisor,  eleven  years  as  Assessor  and 
some  fifteen  years  as  School  Director. 

S.  HUNT,  Postmaster  and  dealer  in 
books  and  stationery,  Odell ;  was  born  in 
Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct.  19,  1830;  he 
prepared  for  college  in  the  Woodbury 
Academy,  and  entered  Yale  Collese  in 
1852,  but  owing  to  ill  health  he  left  during 
his  Freshman  year,  and  in  1853,  went  to 
Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  followed 
teaching;  f^jr  about  two  years  and  a  half; 
in  185G,  he  came  to  Illinois  and  followed 
teaching  principally  for  nearly  ten  years  ; 
he  came  to  Odell  in  1865,  and  engaged  in 
clerking,  and  took  charge  of  the  post  office. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  in  1870. 
He  was  married  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1858,  to  Miss  Emma  Mc Allen,  of  Gran- 
ville, 111. ;  they  have  four  children  living 
— Myron  L.,  Charles  N.,  Lula  B.  and 
Frederick  L. ;  one  daughter,  Mary,  died  in 
1865. 

CHARLES  E.  HUNGERFORD,  man- 
ufacturer and  dealer  in  cigars,  Odell;  was 
born  in  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  July  25, 1844  ; 
he  followed  various  kinds  of  business  until 
1862,  when  the  10th  N.  Y.  State  Militia, 
of  which  he  had  been  a  member  for  several 
years,  volunteered  as  the  177th  N.Y.  Vols. 
for  nine  months  ;  he  went  to  New  Orleans 
and  thence  up  the  Mississippi  River,  tak- 
ing part  in  the  siege  of  Port  Hudson,  and 
was  mustered  out  at  the  end  of  eleven 
months.  On  his  return  he  went  to  Hart- 
ford Co.,  Conn.,  whei'e  he  learned  the  trade 
<if  a  cigar  maker,  and,  after  remaining  there 
three  years,  came  to  Chicago  ;  he  came  to 
Odell  in  1869,  since  which  time  he  has 
resided  here,  engaged  in  the  manufacture 
of  cigars.  He  was  married  on  the  16th 
of  January,  1873,  to  Miss  Margaret  J. 
Mc  Allister,  of  Odell ;  she  was  born  in 
Pennsylvania  in  1844 ;  they  have  one 
child — William.  Mr.  Hungerford  became 
a  member  of  Odell  Lodge,  No.  464, 1. 0. 0. 
F.,  in  1874. 

N.  S.  HILL,  station  agent  Chicago  & 
Alton  R.  R.,  Odell ;  was  born  in  St.  Clair 
Co.,  111.,  March  12,  1852  ;  he  remained 
on  the  farm  until  he  was  18  years  of  age ; 


after  receiving  an    English  education    in 
the  common  schools,  he   entered  the  Illi- 
nois Industrial  University,  in  Champaign, 
completing  the   agricultural    course,  after 
which  he  went   to  St.  Louis   and  learned 
tlie  art  of  telegraphy ;    his  first  situation 
was  at   Beecher  City,  111.,  on  the  Spring- 
field &  Southeastern  R.  R.;  after  remaining 
there  six  months  he  came  to  Odell,  and  a 
year  later  went  to  Summit,  spending  two 
years  there  and  one  year  at  McLean,  and 
returning  to  Odell  in   April,  1876.     He 
was  married  May  24,  1874,  to  Miss  Mary 
E.    Thompson,    daughter    of     Mr.    John 
Thompson,  of    Odell ;    they    have    three 
children — Lida  J.,  Ella  J.,  and  Cyrus  A. 
JOHN  HALLIDAY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,   P.   0.  Odell ;  was  born    in    Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  Sept.  3, 1827  ;  when  quite 
young,  his   parents   removed  to   Berwick- 
shire, where  he  lived  until  he  came  to  the 
United  States ;  he  lived  about  fifteen  miles 
from  the  home  of  Sir  Walter  Scott ;  he 
came  to  this  country   in  1854,  and  after 
spending  three  years  in  Kendall  Co.,  III., 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1857,  and  four 
years  later  removed  to  Grundy  Co.,  and 
again,  in  1866,  returned  to  Livingston  Co., 
settling  on  his  present  home.    He  was  mar- 
ried in   1864  to  Mi.ss  Elizabeth  Imire,  of 
Odell  Tp.,  and  has  one    son — William  I. 
Mr.  Halliday  has  eighty  acres  of  land  in 
his  farm  on  See.  8,  valued  at  S40  an  acre. 
EWIN     HOUCHIN,    farmer,    P.   0. 
Odell ;  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Liv- 
ingston Co. ;  was  born  near  the  Mammoth 
Cave,  Ky.,   Feb.  3,    1814;  when   he  was 
about  4  years  old  his  parents  removed  to 
Gibson  Co.,   Ind.,   and  in   1829   came  to 
Logan  Co.,  111.,  then  a  part  of  Sangamon 
Co. ;  in  1835,  Mr.  Houchin  came  to  what  is 
now  Livingston  Co.,  and  opened  a  farm  ia 
Newtown,  and    resided  in    that  town.ship 
although  not  on  the  same  farm,  until  1865, 
when  he  moved  to  Odell ;  he  owned  at  one 
time  600  acres  of  land,  and  still  owns  about 
450   acres  in   the  county ;  when  he  first 
came   to  the  country,  he  used  to  work  for 
twenty-five  cents  a  day,  and  take  his  pay 
in  store  goods ;  his  market  was   Chicago, 
100  miles  distant;  the  best  wheat  brought 
50  cents  a  bushel,  and  from  that  down  to 
25  cents ;    oats,   after   being  hauled    100 
miles,  sold  for   10   cents    a  bushel;    Mr. 
Houchin  estimates  that  he  has  chopped  and 
I  spUt  fully  100,000  rails  in   Illinois;  he  is 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


661 


the  only  man  now  living  in  the  county  who 
built  a  cabin  here  prior  to  the  Fall  of  1835  ; 
he   built    tlie    second  cabin   in   Newtown. 
He  was  married  Ntjv.  2G,  1835,  to  Miss 
Rachel  Hedges,    of  Ohio    Co.,   Ky. ,   she 
died  Jan.   4^^  1870  ;  they  had   eight  chil- 
dren, two  of  wliom  are  living — Saulsbury 
M.  and  John  W.    Four  sons  lost  their  lives  , 
in  the  war  for   the    Union,  viz. :   William  j 
R.,  Henry,  James,   and   Willoughby  R. ;   i 
one   son,    Alston,   died    in    1850,    and    a 
daughter,  p]meline,  in  1871.    Mr.  Houchin 
was  married  again  June  29,  1870,  to  Mrs. 
Barbara  Hagar,  of  Odc^ll. 

J.  K.  HOWARD, contractorand builder, 
Odell ;  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Jan.  4,  18-40;  he  followed  the  farm 
until  he  was  18  years  of  age,  and  then 
learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter  and  builder, 
which  he  has  since  followed.  In  August, 
18()1,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.  C, 
35th  N.  Y.  Vols. ;  was  promoted  to  Orderly 
Sergeant,  and  served  one  year,  when  he 
was  discharged  by  reason  of  injuries  re 
ceived  in  the  service.  He  was  married  on 
the  21st  of  January,  1863,  to  Miss  F.  A. 
Parrish,  of  his  native  county ;  she  is  a 
daughter  of  W.  R.  Parrish,  now  of  Odell ; 
they  have  four  children — Nellie  M.,  Fred- 
die E.,  Virgil  A.,  and  Eula  M.  In  1864, 
Mr.  Howard  recruited  a  portion  of  a  com- 
pany of  volunteers,  which  was  as- 
signed to  an  infantry  regiment,  and  not 
wishing  to  re-enter  that  branch  of  the  ser- 
vice, he  enlisted  in  Co.  F,  10th  N.  Y. 
Heavy  Artillery,  and  served  until  the  close 
of  the  war ;  he  came  to  Odell  in  August, 
1865  ;  in  June,  1876,  he  recruited  Co.  D, 
lOtli  Bat.  I.  N.  Guards,  and  was  chosen 
Captain ;  after  the  strike  at  Braidwood,  in 
1877,  during  which  time  the  battalion  was 
on  duty  twenty-four  days,  he  was  elected 
Major  of  the  battalion,  which  office  he  now 
holds. 

THOMAS  HAMLIN,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Odell ;  was  born  in  Juniata  Co.,  Penn., 
Oct.  4,  1794.  He  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Kepner.  of  the  same  county  ;  they  had 
eight  children,  three  of  whom  are  living — 
Hial  F.,  John  K.  and  Thomas  H.  About 
1827,  Mr.  Hamli»»removed  to  Wayne  Co., 
Ohio,  returning  shortly  afterward  "to  Penn- 
sylvania and  settling  in  Huntingdon  Co.  ; 
he  removed  thence  to  Blair  Co.,  and  from 
there  to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1854,  settling 
(•n  the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  at  the 


age  of  84  years ;  his  wife  died  about  forty 
years  ago. 

HIAL  F.  HAMLIN,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  was  born  in 
Juniata.  Co.,  Penn.,  Sept.  24,  1826  ;  he  Ls 
a  son  of  Thomas  Hamlin,  and  when  he 
was  (juite  young,  his  father  removed  tfi 
Ohio,  thence  to  Huntingdon  Co.,  Penn., 
thence  to  Blair  Co.,  and  thence  to  Liviug-s- 
ton  Co.,  111.,  in  1854;  at  that  time  one 
could  stand  where  his  house  now  stands 
and  not  see  a  house  in  five  miles,  except 
the  station  and  one  small  cabin  in  Odell. 
He  was  married  April  18,  1867,  to  Miss 
Laura  Y.  Kenney,  of  Union  Tp.  ;  she  was 
born  in  Oakland,  Armstrong  Co.,  Penn., 
Jan.  16,  1851,  and  came  to  Illinois  in 
1865  ;  they  have  one  child — Arthur  Y. 
Mr.  Hamlin  owns  160  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $40  per  acre  ;  he  has  served  one 
year  as  Collector,  and  one  term  on  the 
Board  of  Supervisors. 

T.  H.  HAMLIN,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell  ; 
was  born  in  Huntingdon  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
1833  ;  he  is  a  son  of  Thomas  Hamlin,  now 
of  Odell  Tp.,  and  at  the  age  of  about  17 
years,  removed  with  his  father's  family  to 
Blair  Co.,  where  the  family  resided  until 
their  removal  to  Odell,  April  20,  1855  ; 
they  were  among  the  very  earliest  settlers 
here,  there  being  but  the  railroad  depot 
and  one  small  cabin  in  Odell  at  that  time ; 
they  settled  on  a  farm  about  two  and 
a  half  miles  east  of  town,  where  the  elder 
Hamlin  still  resides  ;  Mr.  Hamlin  moved 
to  the  village  in  1874;  in  March,  1877, 
he  engaged  in  the  furniture  business  which 
he  continued  until  the  Spring  of  1878. 
He  was  married  Oct.  29,  1863,  to  Miss 
Ellen  A.  Bateman,  of  Dwight  Tp.  ;  she 
was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  Jan.  1,  1846, 
and  came  to  Illinois  when  but  3  years  of 
age  ;  they  have  one  son — George  B.,  born 
Feb.  4,  1866. 

ABRAHAM  IMRIE,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  O.  Odell ;  was  born  in  the  Par- 
ish of  Ednam  Roxburyshire,  Scotland,  on 
the  6th  of  Feb.,  1833;  in  1855,  he  came 
to  the  United  States  with  his  father  and 
the  other  members  of  the  family,  and  set- 
tled in  Kendall  Co.,  III.  ;  about  four  years 
later,  he  removed  to  Livingston  Co.,  and 
remained  in  Esmen  Tp.  until  1865,  when 
he  located  on  his  present  farm  on  Sec.  7, 
where  he  has  110  acri!.s  of  land,  valued  at 
$4,400.     He  was   married   Jan.   1,  1872, 


662 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


0  Miss  Isabella  Denholru,  of  Odell  ;  she 
was  born  in  Berwickshire,  Scotland,  Nov. 
4,  1850,  and  came  to  this  country  in  1870  ; 
they  have  three  children — William  A., 
Maggie  D.  and  Andrew  D. 

W.  T.  KENYON,  of  the  firm  of  Ken- 
yon  &  Gallaher,  dealers  in  groceries,  fruits, 
toys,  stationery,  periodicals,  etc.,  Odell ; 
was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  28, 
1853  ;  he  is  a  son  ot  P.  W.  Kenyon,  now 
of  Odeil,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  this 
place  in  1868  ;  he  was  educated  princi- 
pally at  the  Newark  High  School,  in  his 
native  county  ;  he  began  business  for  him- 
self when  he  was  17  years  of  age,  and  two 
years  later  engaged  in  the  lumber  trade 
with  his  father,  which  he  continued  nearly 
three  years  ;  in  1 874,  he  engaged  in  his 
present  business.  He  was  married  Dec, 
12,  1877,  to  Miss  Abbie  C.  Supplee,  daugh- 
ter of  Z.  Supplee,  of  Odell. 

P.  W.  KENYON,  lumber  merchant, 
Odell;  was  born  in  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Dec.  17,  1826,  and  received  a  good  edu- 
cation at  Newark,  at  which  place  he  en- 
tered into  mercantile  life  ;  he  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  business,  in  which  he  met 
with  good  success,  having  accumulated  a 
good  property  ;  he  emigrated  to  Illinois  in 
1869,  locating  in  Odell,  and  engaged  in 
his  present  business  ;  he  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Board  of  Trustees  a  number  of 
years,  also  Village  President.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  Grant,  of  Newark,  Oct.  8, 
1848  ;  she  was  born  Oct.  26,  1826  ;  they 
are  parents  of  three  children — Charles, 
deceased;  Willie  T.,  in  the  grocery  busi- 
ness in  Odell.  and  Anna  M. 

B.  F.  LEONARD,  blacksmith,  Cayuga ; 
was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  March  21, 
1840  ;  when  he  was  about  5  years  of  age, 
his  parents  and  brother  and  sister  died, 
leaving  him  the  only  member  of  the  family 
he  then  went  to  Fayette  Co.  to  live  with 
his  grandfather,  where  he  lived  until  he 
was  1 8  years  of  age ;  he  then  went  to 
Washington  Co.,  where  he  learned  his 
trade  and  remained  six  years.  In  1862, 
the  enlisted  ;is  Quartermaster  Sergeant  in 
Ringgold  Cavalry,  which  afterward  became 
the  22d  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  ;  he  served 
until  the  close  of  the  war,  principally  en- 
gaged in  scouting  in  West  Virginia.  In 
1869,  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  set- 
tled near  Cayuga  on  a  farm,  and  the  fol- 
lowing year   came    to   Cayuga.     He    was 


married  Dec.  31,  1861,  to  Miss  Atha  J. 
McAllister,  of  Moiiongahela  City,  Penn.  ; 
they  have  four  children — Sudie,  Edward, 
Mary  and  Russell  E.  He  has  served  four 
years  as  School  Director. 

JOHN  LYONS,  confectioner,  Odell;  was 
born  in  the  County  of  Limei'ick,  Ireland, 
May  1,  1840  ;  he  came  to  this  country  in 
1852,  locating  in  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where 
he  found  employment  as  a  farmer,  and  re- 
mained until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  in  Odell,  but  shortly  removed 
to  Bloomington,  where  he  remained  some 
five  years,  then  returned  to  Odell  and  en- 
gaged in  the  saloon  business,  after  which 
he  was  in  the  employ  of  the  C,  A.  &  St. 
L.  R.  R.  Co.,  as  section  foreman;  in  1876, 
he  established  himself  in  his  present  busi- 
ness. He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  McGuire, 
of  his  native  country,  July  27,  1865  ;  she 
was  born  April  24,  1847  ;  they  are  parents 
of  five  children — Mary,  born  April  26, 
1867  ;  Sarah,  born  Feb.  26,  1871,  died 
Jan.  11,  1878;  Daniel,  born  Sept.  13, 
1873,  died  April  21,  1874  ;  Charlie,  born 
Aug.  8,  1875 ;  Sarah  A.,  born  Feb.  13, 
1878. 

WM.  A.  McCLOUD,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  was  born  in 
Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  26,  1843  ;  he 
came  with  his  father's  family  to  Michigan, 
thence  to  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  and  thence  to 
Livingston  Co.,  in  1859,  and  has  continued 
to  reside  on  the  home  place  to  the  present 
time.  In  Aug.  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  G, 
129th  I.  V.  I.,  serving  until  the  close  of  the 
war;  he  was  wounded  in  the  hand,  losing 
one  of  his  fingers  at  the  battle  of  Lost 
Mountain,  Ga.,  in  June,  1863.  He  was 
married  on  the  24th  of  Dec,  1866,  to 
Miss  Delia  Putnam,  of  Odell  ;  she  was 
born  in  Huntington  Co.,  Ind.,  March  27, 
1848  ;  they  have  one  child — Fred.  A. 

CHARLES  McCLOUD,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Vt.,  Jan.  31,  1802 ;  when  about  35  years 
old,  he  removed  to  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y., 
and  three  years  later  to  Michigan  ;  about 
1850,  he  came  to  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  and 
resided  there  until  1859,  and  then  came  to 
Odell ;  he  settled  on  his  present  farm  in 
1863,  where,  with  his  son,  he  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,200.  He  was 
married  about  the  year  1829,  to  Miss  Har- 
riet Kendall,  of  his  native  county ;  she 
died  about  1853,  leaving  five   children — 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


(563 


Harriet  (now  Mrs.  Barney  Kanna,  of  Ken- 
dall Co.),  Emily  (now  wife  of  Samuel 
Trowbridge,  of  Odcll),  Sarah  A.  (now 
Mrs.  Milton  McLain,  of  Andrew  Co.,  Mo.), 
William  A.  and  Calista  (^now  Mrs.  David 
Boyer,  of  Kendall  Co.)  Mr.  McCloud  has 
served  several  terms  as  School  Director. 

JOHN  McWILLIAMS,  farmer;  P. 
O.  Odell;  was  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
Jan.  15,  1832 ;  his  father  removed  to 
Pike  Co.,  111.,  in  1835,  where  he  now 
resides,  engaged  in  banking ;  when  the 
gold  fever  broke  out  in  1849,  Mr.  Mc- 
Williams,  then  a  lad  of  17,  made  the 
overland  trip  to  California,  and  spent  four 
years  in  that  State  and  Oregon  ;  in  1853, 
he  returned  to  Griggsville  and  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business  with  his  father,  which 
he  continued  until  July,  18G1,  when  he 
entered  the  8tli  I.  V.  I.  for  three  months ; 
in  the  Spring  of  18G2,  he  rem(tved  to 
Dwight,  Livingston  Co.,  and  there  volun- 
teered in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  and  served 
during  the  war.  Returning  in  June,  1865, 
he  came  to  Odell  and  engaged  in  the  lum- 
ber and  general  dry  goods  business,  which 
he  followed  four  years,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 

JOSEPH  H.  MOORE,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Middle- 
sex Co.,  Mass.,  Jan.  30,  1813;  he  re- 
mained on  the  farm  most  of  the  time  until 
he  became  of  age,  receiving  an  English  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools  ;  in  1835,  he 
began  his  railroad  career  asa  Conductor 
on  the  Boston  &  Worcester  Railroad, 
running  a  train  over  that  road  on  the 
4th  of  July,  the  day  on  which  the  road 
was  completed  between  the  two  cities ; 
he  served  as  a  Conductor  on  that  road 
eight  years,  and  two  years  as  a  Genei'al 
Manager  of  passenger  trains ;  he  was 
then  appointed  Superintendent  of  the 
Old  Colony  R.  R.,  running  from  Bos- 
ton to  Plymouth,  the  road  over  which  the 
Massachusetts  Pilgrims'  Society  made  tlieir 
annual  trip  to  Plymouth  Rock  to  celebrate 
Forefathers'  Day  ;  after  seven  years  he  re- 
moved, in  1852,  to  Adrian,  Mich.,  and  be- 
came the  Superintendent  of  the  Michigan 
Southern  &  Northern  Indiana  R.  R.,  which 
was  opened  through  to  Chicago  early  that 
Spring  ;  three  years  later  he  went  to  Pitts- 
burgh, Penn.,  as  Superintendent  of  the 
Ohio  &  Pennsylvania  R.  R.,  and  continued 
in  the  superintendency   of   that  and   the 


consolidated  Pittsburgh,  Ft.  Wayne  & 
Chicago  road,  until  1859  ;  after  which  he 
served  that  company  as  Commercial  and 
General  Agent  in  Chicago,  until  18(59. 
when  the  road  was  leased  by  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Company  ;  he  then  superintended 
the  construction  of  the  Chicago  &  South- 
western R.  R.,  from  Wa.shington,  Iowa,  to 
the  Missouri  River  at  Atchison  ;  in  1855, 
he  had  purchased  his  farm  of  GOO  aci-es, 
in  Livingston  Co.,  and  in  1870,  he  removed 
his  family  to  Odell ;  he  has  resided  on  his 
farm  since  1872.  He  was  married  Sept. 
6,  1836,  to  Miss  Sarah  H.  Brooks,  of 
Groton,  Mass.,  and  has  one  child  living — 
Sarah  E.  (now  Mrs.  D.  F.  Baxter,  of  Chi- 
cago). 

L.  MORSE,  farmer  and  stock  raiser ; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  has  been  a  resident  of  Liv 
ingston  Co.  since  18G1,  when  he  came 
from  Bristol  Co.,  Mass.,  and  settled 
on  his  present  farm ;  he  was  born  in 
Bristol  Co.,  Mass.,  March  24,  1834  ;  he  has 
been  engaged  principally  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  In  August,  1862,  he  entered  the 
Union  service  asa  member  of  Co.  G,  129th 
I.  V.  I.;  was  elected  First  Lieut.,  and 
served  until  the  close  of  the  war ;  he  took 
part  in  all  the  battles  of  his  regiment ; 
was  with  Sherman  from  Chattanooga  to 
Atlanta,  and  on  the  memorable  march  to 
the  sea,  through  the  Carolinas  and  in  Vir- 
ginia. He  owns  400  acres  of  land — 320 
in  his  home  firm  on  Sees.  12  and  13,  and 
eighty  on  Sec.  2.  He  was  married  Jan. 
28,  1869,  to  Miss  America  J.  Wakefield, 
of  Kendall  Co.,  111.;  she  was  born  in  Johns- 
town, Pa.,  Dec.  5,  1838 ;  they  have  two 
children — Abbie  E.  and  Arthur  W. 

S.   S.   MORGAN,   civil   engineer   and 
agriculturist,     Odell;     one    of    the  early 
settlers    and    original    proprietors    of   the 
village    of    Odell ;    was    born    in    Berk- 
shire Co.,   Mass.,  Jan.   25,    1823 ;   when 
,   about  10  years  of  age,  he  went  with  his 
father's   family   to   New    York   City ;  his 
father  was   a  civil   engineer,   engaged   on 
,   public  works,  and  afterward  projected  and 
surveyed    a    large    number    of   railroads, 
:   among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Bos- 
i   ton  &  Albany,  New  York  &  Albany,  Hud- 
!   son  River,  Chicago  &  Galena.  Milwaukee 
&    Mississippi,    Chicago  &  Rock    Island, 
i  and  Peoria  &   Oquawka.     Mr.    Morgan's 
early  life  was  passed  in  accompanying  and 
assisting  his  father  on   these  works,  living 


664 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


at  different'  times  in  New  York  City, 
Rhode  Island,  Springfield,  Mass.,  Stock- 
bridge,  Mass.,  Sing  Sing  and  Albany,  N. 
Y.  The  family  removed  to  Kendall  Co., 
111.,  in  1843.  On  becoming  of  age,  Mr. 
Morgan  continued  his  business  of  a  civil 
engineer  as  principal  assistant  to  his  father 
on  several  Western  railroads,  and  resided 
successively  in  Chicago,  St.  Charles,  Mil- 
waukee, Peru,  Rock  Island,  Peoria  and 
Joliet.  He  was  married  June  15,  1848, 
to  Miss  Mary  Holden,  of  Cook  Co.,  who 
died  in  1854,  leaving  one  son,  Richard  P., 
who  died  in  January,  1873;  in  1854,  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  with  Wm.  H. 
Odell  purchased  a  tract  of  land  and  laid 
out  the  village  of  Odell ;  he  afterward 
purchased  2,100  acres,  which  he  began 
improving  and  selling ;  he  directed  his 
energies  to  building  public  roads  centering 
in  Odell,  which  town  owes  much  of  its 
prosperity  to  his  publiq  spirit  and  enter- 
prise ;  he  has  been  Commissioner  of  High- 
ways every  year  but  one  since  the  town- 
ship organization  ;  he  has  served  most  of 
the  time  as  School  Director,  and  two  terms 
as  Supervisor.  Mr.  M.  was  a  Democrat 
until  just  before  Lincoln's  election,  when 
he  became  a  Republican,  but  for  the  past 
few  years  has  been  independent  in  politics. 
He  resides  on  his  place  near  the  village, 
where  he  has  one  of  the  finest  vineyards 
in  the  country,  containing  some  3,000 
vines.  He  was  married  a  second  time  in 
1858  to  Miss  Anzonetta  R.  Marshall,  of 
Poguonock,  Conn.,  a  descendant  of  one  of 
the  earliest  families  of  Connecticut ;  they 
have  four  children — Arthur  M.,  Mary  C, 
Sidney  S.,  and  Estellc  E. 

PATRICK  McAllister,  farmer 
and  stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born 
in  the  Parish  of  Kilmagen,  Drumin- 
acoile,  County  Down,  Ireland,  May 
12,  1815  ;  he  was  raised  to  farming 
pursuits,  and  in  1838  came  to  this  country, 
and  after  spending  two  years  in  Philadel- 
phia, he  settled  in  Blair  Co.,  Penn.,  where 
he  lived  for  eighteen  years,  coming  thence 
to  Livingston  Co.  in  1858  ;  he  settled  in 
18G0  on  his  present  farm,  where  he  owns 
160  acres  of  land  finely  improved,  with 
good  buildings,  valued  at  $45  an  acre. 
He  was  married  Oct.  19,  1838,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  McKinney,  who  died  in  1852, 
leaving  six  children — Mary  A.,  Maggie  J., 
Elizabeth,  John,  Frank  and  Celie.     Mr. 


McAllister  was  married  again  in  1855  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Donohue,  of  Blair  Co., 
Penn. ;  they  have  four  children — Agnes, 
Katie,  Rebecca  and  Martha.  He  is  a 
careful,  enterprising  and  successful  farmer, 
and  a  highly  respected  citizen. 

CAPT.  CHARLES  NICHOLS,  Odell. 
was  born  in  the  Island  of  Nantucket, 
Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1820;  in  July,  1836,  at 
the  age  of  15  years,  he  made  his  first  sea 
voyage  as  a  sailor  before  the  mast,  and  in 
1845  was  made  first  officer;  in  1849,  he 
took  command  of  a  ship  as  captain ;  he 
followed  the  sea  for  thirty  years,  princi- 
pally in  the  whaling  business  in  the  North 
and  South  Pacific  Oceans,  but  mainly  in 
the  latter ;  he  has  made  seven  whaling 
voyages  and  two  voyages  in  the  merchant 
service  from  New  York ;  he  has  sailed 
around  the  world  four  times  via  the  Indian 
Ocean,  and  home  via  Cape  Horn.  He 
was  married  Aug.  21,  1849,  to  Miss  Caro- 
line H.  King,  of  Providence,  R.  I.,  who 
accompanied  her  husband  thirteen  years  in 
his  voyages  at  sea,  making  with  him 
three  voyages  around  the  world.  Capt. 
Nichols  first  came  to  Odell  in  1865,  and 
the  following  year  started  on  another  voy- 
age at  sea,  returning  in  1870  to  Odell, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  is  Presi- 
dent of  the  Town  Board  of  Trustees,  of 
which  he  has  been  a  member  for  several 
years. 

GEORGE  C.  NETTLETON,  farmer 
and  stock  raiser;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in 
Cornwall,  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Dec.  29, 
1833;  ho  received  a  good  English  educa- 
tion, and  at  the  age  of  17  years  came  to 
Illinois,  and  after  spending  about  a  year  in 
Farm  Ridge  Seminary,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  he 
engaged  in  teaching,  which  he  continued 
for  seven  Winters,  and  durino;  the  Summer 
seasons  engaged  in  farming ;  he  purchased 
his  present  fiirm  in  the  Spring  of  1861,  and 
in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  A.,  53d  111.  Vols.,  serving  a  year  and 
nine  months,  and  then  re  enlisted  as  Hos- 
pital Steward  in  the  59th  United  States 
Colored  Regiment,  and  served  about  two 
years  longer.  He  was  married  Nov.  14, 
1864,  while  home  on  a  furlough,  to  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Putnam,  of  Odell  Tp. ;  she 
was  born  ntar  London,  Ohio,  April  13, 
1844  ;  she  died  on  the  15th  of  July,  1877. 
Mr.  Nettleton  has  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $45  an  acre. 


ODELL  TOWNSHIP. 


665 


J.  D.  POUND.  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
real  estate  and  collection  agent,  Odell ; 
was  born  in  the  County  of  Lincoln,  Province 
of  Ontario,  Dec.  26,  183-4;  when  he  was 
about  8  years  old,  he  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to  Wayne  Co.,  where  he 
Hved  until  the  Fall  of  1860  ;  he  then  came 
to  Illinois,  settling  in  LaSalle  Co.,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming;  he  removed  to 
Odell  in  February,  1803,  and  on  the  9th 
of  May,  186-i,  enlisted  in  Co.  E,  134th 
Ills.  Vols,  for  100  days,  and  served  about 
six  months ;  since  the  war  he  has  been  en- 


months  as  a  musician  in  the  19th  111. 
Vols  — the  first  regiment  that  left  Chi- 
cago ;  he  removed  ti>  Pontiac  in  1866,  re- 
turning to  Chicago  in  1869.  In  the  great 
fire  in  1871  he  was  burned  out,  and  then 
came  to  Odell,  where  he  has  remained  eve4- 
since.  He  was  married  Nov.  2,  1861,  to 
Miss  Af  keo  Valentine,  of  Chicago,  who 
was  born  in  Prussia ;  they  have  one  child 
living,  Edith  T.,  having  lost  three. 

T.  S.  POUND,  fanner  and  stock  raiser ; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  the  Province  of 
Ontario,  April  10,  1831  ;  when  he  was  13 


gaged  in  various  kinds  of  business  in  Odell.   {  years    old,    his    parents   removed    to    the 


He  was  married  Feb.  VI,  1868,  to  Miss 
Charlotte  E.  Ostrander,  of  Odell,  and  has 
one  child,  Lora  R.  In  1876  he  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace  to  fill  out  an  unex- 
pired term,  and  re-elected  for  the  full  term 
in  April,  1877  ;  he  has  a  farm  of  480  acres 
in  Union  Tp. 

S.  H.  PENNEY,  banker,  Odell ;  was 
born  in  Jelferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  27, 
1833 ;  he  was  brought  up  to  farming  pur- 
suits, and  after  receiving  a  common  school 
education,  attended  the  Adams  Seminary 
three  years  ;  in  1859  he  came  to  La  Salle 
Co.,  III.,  and  followed  farming  there  until 
his  removal  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1864; 
after  coming  to  the  county  he  continued 
farming  one  year,  and  then  engaged  in 
mercantile  business,  in  which  he  is  still 
engaged,  as  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Pen- 
ney Bros.,  dealers  in  general  merchandise  ; 
he  establi.^hed  the  Odell  Exchange  Bank 
in  1873;  he  has  considerable  real  estate 
interests  in  the  county  ;  owns  a  farm  of 
640  acres  in  Odell  Tp.  He  was  married 
Sept.  10,  1856,  to  Miss  EHzabeth  C.  Wil- 
cox, of  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  they  have 
five  children,  Fred.  M.,  Frank  H.,  Edgar 
B.,  Nina  E.,  and  Anna  M.  Mr.  Penney 
held  the  oflBce  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
twelve  years,  and  has  served  one  term  on 
the  Board  of  Aldermen. 

RAYMOND  PREMERSDORFER, 
manufacturer  and  dealer  in  boots  and 
shoes;  P.  0.  Odell;  was  born  in  Wur- 
temburg,  Germany,  Sept.  14,  1836; 
in  1854  he  came  to  the  United 
States,  settling  in  Philadelphia,  where  he 
lived  three  years;  engaged  in  manufactur- 
ing boots  and  shoes,  which  trade  he  learned 
before  coming  to  this  country ;  in  1857 
he  came  to  Chicago,  and  resided  there  until 
1866.     In    1861    he    enlisted    I'or    three 


United  States,  settling  in  Wayne  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  where  they  resided  until  1861,  and 
then  romoved  to  La  Salle  Co.,  III. ;  two 
years  later,  Mr.  Pound  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming,  settling  on 
Section  25,  when  there  was  not  a  house 
within  seven  miles  to  the  .south  and  east  of 
him,  and  but  one  between  there  and  Odell ; 
he  owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$8,000 ;  he  spent  ten  years  selling  goods 
in  Odell.  He  was  married  on  the  18th  of 
Feb.,  1859,  to  Miss  Harriett  N.  Angell,  of 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren— Martha  A.,  Eugene  F.  and  ^than 
A.  Mr.  Pound  has  served  three  years  as 
School  Trustee,  and  two  years  as  Commis- 
sioner of  Highways;  he  also  served  one 
term  on  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  Odell. 

JOSIAH  H.  RAY,  proprietor  of  Strawn 
House,  Odell ;  was  born  in  Portage  Co., 
Ohio,  Aug.  13,  1828  ;  he  was  educated  at 
Hiram  College,"* on  the  Western  Reserve; 
in  1845,  he  left  home,  going  to  the  then 
Territory  of  Wisconsin,  and  after  liv- 
ing in  Rock  Co.  one  year,  settled  in 
Columbia  Co.,  at  that  time  a  part  of  Portage 
Co. ;  he  entered  a  <juarter  section  of  land 
from  the  government,  and  began  farming, 
which  he  continued  until  1861.  On  the 
29th  of  April  of  that  year  he  was  com- 
missioned First  Lieut.,  and  recruited  the 
company  of  volunteers  from  Columbia  Co., 
which  was  assigned  to  the  7th  W.  V.  I.  ; 
he  was  promoted  Captain,  and  afterward  to 
Major,  and  a!<  such,  had  command  of 
regiment  for  a  long  time  ;  he  served  in  the 
army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  brigade  known 
as  the  Iron  Brigade  ;  he  took  part  in  the 
battles  of  Antietam,  Gettysburg,  Big  Bethel, 
the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  etc. ;  re- 
turning at  the  close  of  the  war,  he  engaged 
in  merchandising  until  1869  ;  in  1870,  he 


666 


BIOGBAPHICAL  SKETCHES; 


was  elected  SheriflF  of  his  county  and  served 
eight  years.  He  has  always  made  the 
study  of  geology  and  mineralogy  a  specialty, 
and  in  1867,  was  appointed  by  the  Grovern-  ; 
or  on  the  State  Geological  Survey,  and 
in  that  capacity,  spent  six  months  in  the 
Lake  Superior  region  ;  in  Sept.,  1877,  he 
came  to  Odell  and  became  proprietor  of 
the  Strawn  House.  He  was  married  July 
18,  1852,  to  Miss  Angelia  N.  Hopkins,  of 
Lexington,  111.  ;  they  have  four  children 
— Emma  E.,  Maggie  M.,  Minnie  R.  and 
Josiah  H.,  Jr. 

Z.  SUPPLEE,  general  salesman,  Odell;   i 
was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Penn.,  May 

16,  1831  ;  when  he  was  5  years  of  age,  his 
parents  removed  to  Williamsville,   N.   Y.,  '■ 
thence    to  Jackson    Co.,  Mich.,  thence  to 
Kendall  Co.,  111.,  and  about  18^t),  removed 
to     Joliet ;      here    Mr.     Supplee   entered 

a  store  as  clerk  about  1851,  and  con- 
tinued until  his  removal  to  Odell,  in  Aug., 
1861.  bringing  with  him  the  first  stock  of 
general  merchandise  ever  brought  to  Odell ; 
he  began  business  for  himself  in  1869,  in 
company  with  Charles  P.  Angel,  of  Pough- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  the  firm  being  Supplee  & 
Angel,  and  continued  with  various  part- 
ners until  Dec,  1873,  when  he  sold  out, 
and  engaged  in  the  grain  business  ;  he  con- 
tinued in  this  until  1877,  since  which  time 
lie  has  been  engaged  as  general  salesman 
for  Penney  Bros.     He  was  married  Nov. 

17,  1853,  to  Miss  Olive  Rudd,  of  Joliet, 
111.  ;  she  died  in  1861,  leaving  one  daugh- 
ter— Abigail  C.  (now  Mrs.  Wm.  T.  Ken- 
yon,  of  Odell)  ;  he  was  married  again  on 
the  12th  of  Nov.,  1862,  to  Miss  Elizabeth 
S.  Angel,  who  was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  May  21,1826.  Mr.  Supplee  served 
one  year  on  the  Board  of  Trustees,  and 
two  terms  as  School  Director  ;  he  is  now 
holding  the  ofiice  of  Township  School 
Treasurer,  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1874 ; 
he  has  taken  an  active  interest  in  Sunday 
school  matters,  and  for  the  past  five  years 
has  been  Superintendent  of  the  Congrega- 
tional Sunday  School  of  Odell. 

M.  TOMBAUGH,  County  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools,  Odell ;  born  June  11, 1835, 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1864 ;  after  spending  about 
three  years  in  Greene  and  Pleasant  Valley 
Academies  in  Pennsylvania,  he  entered 
Mount  Union  College,  Ohio,  where  he  re- 
mained about  a  year  and  a  half;   during 


his  course  of  study  he  was  engaged  a  portion 
of  the  time  in  teaching,  which  he  continued 
for  several  years  after  leaving;  collece  •  in 
1864,  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  set- 
tled on  a  farm  in  Reading  Tp.,  afterward 
removing  to  Sunbury  Tp. ;  he  followed  farm- 
ing for  about  ten  years,  teaching  m  the 
meantime  ;  he  had  charge  of  the  schools  in 
Odell  for  one  year  ;  in  1873  he  removed  to 
Odell,  where  he  resides  on  a  farm  near  the 
Village.  He  was  elected  County  Superin- 
tendent of  Schools  in  Dec.,  1873  ;  he  has 
also  served  several  years  on  the  Board  of 
Supervisors,  from  Reading  and  Sunbury 
Tps.  He  was  married  in  1861,  to  Miss 
Elvira  J.  Letherman,  of  Washington  Co., 
Penn.  ;  they  have  five  children — Charles 
R.,  Alice  L,  Raymond  R.,  Frank  M.  and 
Nettie  Z. 

D.  M.  THOMAS,  retired  farmer,  P.  0. 
Odell  ;  is  a  pioneer  of  the  State ;  was  born 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  May  18,  1810  ;  he 
came  to  Illinois  in  1834,  locating  in  La- 
Salle  Co.,  at  which  time  there  were  but  few 
counties  organized  in  the  State,  and  bought 
land,  under  Jackson's  administration  ;  he 
improved  140  acres  of  land,  which  he 
farmed  until  1874,  when  he  came  into  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  locating  where  he  now  resides  ; 
when  Mr.  Thomas  settled  in  La  Salle  Co., 
there  were  but  five  white  families  in  that 
part  of  the  county  ;  he  has  always  taken  an 
active  part  in  all  public  matters  pertaining 
to  the  interests  of  his  county.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Beard,  of  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Ohio,  in  June,  1844  ;  she  died  in 
xMay.  1845,  and  on  Dec.  19,  1847,  he  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Louisa  Whitney,  of  Erie  Co.,  N. 
Y.  ;  he  has  three  children  by  second  wife 
— Lida,  Mary  and  Carrie  ;  she  had  four 
children  by  her  first  husband — Clifton, 
Adell,  Jane  and  Gilford. 

E.  M.  VAUGHAN,  dealer  in  drugs  and 
medicines,  Odell ;  was  born  in  New  Vine- 
yard, Franklin  Co.,  Maine,  July  14,  1845  ; 
his  father  was  a  blacksmith,  and  after  be- 
coming of  age,  Mr.  Vaughan  followed  that 
business  for  about  three  years  for  himself; 
he  came  West  in  1868,  settling  in  Odell, 
and  engaged  in  the  drug  business,  which 
he  has  followed  ever  since.  He  was  mar- 
ried Aug.  4,  1865,  to  Miss  Sarah  B.  Libby, 
of  New  Vineyard,  Maine ;  she  was  born  in 
Strong,  Maine,  Aug.  4,  1847  ;  they  have 
one  child  living — Etta  L. ;  one  daughter, 
Zella,  died  in  Jan.,  1877. 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


667 


N.  E.  WRIGHT,  dealer  in  grain,  Odell ; 
wat  born  in  Lewiston  Maine,  June  26, 
1815  :  he  remained  at  home  on  the  farm 
until  he  became  of  age,  when  he  engaged 
in  merchandising  in  Farmington,  Maine ; 
in  1840,  he  removed  to  New  Vineyard,  and 
followed  mercantile  business  there  for 
twenty-eight  years,  making  tliirty-two  years 
in  all.  He  was  married  July  5,  1838,  to 
Mish  Clarinda  T.  Savage,  of  Farmington, 
who  wan?  born  in  Anson,  Maine,  Dec.  31, 
1816;  they  have  three  children  living — 
Alonzo  P.,  Marcellus  E.  and  Clara.  Mr. 
Wright  was  appointed  Justice  of  the  Peace 
in  183S,  and  hold  the  office  for  thirty  years, 
until  he  came  West;  he  was  one  of  the 
Board  of  Selectmen  for  eight  years,  during 
seven  of  which  he  served  as  Chairman,  and 
held  various  other  town  offices  ;  he  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  the  commissioners  for  setting 
oiF  the  public  lots  in  his  county.  In  185U, 
he  represented  his  district  in  the  State 
Legislature.  He  came  to  Odell  in  1868, 
and  spent  one  year  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness, since  which  time  he  has  been  engaged 
principally  in  dealing  in  grain. 

ALONZO  P.  WRIGHT,  attorney  at 
law.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Maine,  Nov.  24,  1840 ;  he  was  brought 
up  to  mercantile  pursuits,  his  father  being 
H  merchant  in  New  Vineyard,  and  when 
about  16  vears  of  aije,  he  entered  the 
Farmington  Academy,  where  he  remained 
until  the  fall  of  1860,  teaching  school 
during  the  winter  vacations;  in  1860  he 
entered  Bowdoin  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1864 ;  he  then  took  charge  of  the 
high  school  in  Strong,  Maine,  reading  law 
in  the  meantime;  in  the  spring  of  1865 
he  entered  the  law  office  of  Fessenden  and 
JButler,  in  Portland,  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1866;  after  practicing  law  one 
year  in  Maine,  he  came  to  Odell  in  1867, 
and  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  has  been  Village  Clerk  and 
Attorney  for  some  five  or  six  years,  and 


has  served  about  six  years  as  School  Direc- 
tor. He  was  married  in  Sept.,  1867,  to 
Miss  Mary  L.  Farley,  of  Portland,  Maine. 

D.  WHITE,  barber,  P.  0.  Odell;  was 
born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  11, 
1840;  at  the  age  of  about  10  years  he 
cail»e  with  his  parents  to  Joliet,  111. ;  on 
becoming  of  age  he  eng;iged  in  his  present 
business,  which  he  has  followed  princi- 
pally to  the  present  time.  On  the  1 1th  of 
August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  100th 
I.  V.  I. ;  served  mainly  in  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  and  Georgia,  participating  in 
the  battles  of  Murfreesboro,  Chickamauga, 
Mission  Ridge.  Buzzard  Roost,  Resaca, 
and  Pumpkin  Vine  Creek  ;  he  was  severely 
wounded  at  the  advance  on  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Ga.,  June  18,  1864 ;  previous 
to  this  time  he  was  not  absent  from  his 
regiment  a  day ;  in  consequence  of  his 
wound  he  was  discharged  early  in  1865; 
after  the  war  he  spent  two  years  in  Mis- 
souri;  he  came  to  Odell  in  1872.  He  was 
married  Oct.  3,  1870,  to  Miss  P]aster  M. 
Anderson,  of  Wenona,  111. ;  they  have 
three  children — Emery  0.,  Arthur  E..  and 
Cora  E. 

J.  H.  WARNER,  editor  and  pub- 
lisher of  the  Odell  Herald,  Odell; 
was  born  in  Elk  Co.,  Penn..  Jan.  10, 
1847;  when  he  was  2  years  old  his 
parents  removed  to  Will  Co.,  111. ;  at  the 
age  of  13  years  he  entered  a  printing 
office  in  Wilmington,  111.,  and  has  fol- 
lowed the  printing  business  ever  since  ;  in 
1870  he  established  the  Wilmington 
Advocate,  which  he  sold  after  two  years  ; 
in  November,  1877,  he  started  the  Odell 
Herald,  a  neutral  paper,  the  organ  of  no 
political  party,  but  devoted  to  the  local  in- 
terests of  the  town  and  vicinity,  as  well 
as  the  general  news ;  its  circulation  is 
constantly  increasing.  Mr.  Warner  was 
married  June  1,  1868,  to  Miss  Ellen  Nevel, 
of  Wilmington,  111.,  and  has  three  chil- 
dren— Lillian  A.,  Nellie  M.,  and  Addie  R. 


DWICHT    TOWNSHIP. 


R.  C.  ADAMS,  retired  farmer;  P.  0. 
Dwight;  was  born  in  Watertown,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  26,  1827,  where  he  remained  during 
the  early  part  of  his  life,  attending  school 


at  the  Jefferson  County  Institute,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  English  education ;  went  to 
California  in  the  Spring  of  1850  ;  while 
there  was  engaged  in  the  musical  profes- 

4 


668 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


sion ;  returned  to  Watertown  in  the  Fall 
of  1852  ;  in  1858,  he  removed  to  Chicago 
for  a  short  time,  thence  into  Livingston 
Co.,  where  he  entered  1,400  acres  of  land 
situated  in  Nevada  Tp.,  Sees.  3,  4  and  6; 
now  owns  1,200  acres,  vulued  at  $40  per 
acre.  He  married  Miss  Adalaide  E. 
Field,  of  Hounsfield,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  14, 
1856  ;  they  have  five  children — Nellie  C., 
born  Nov.  13,  1856;  Edwin  F.,  born 
May  11,  1859  ;  Herbert  F.,  born  Feb.  28, 
1861;  Cora  E.,  born  July  21,  1868; 
Charlie,  born  March  22,  1876. 

J.  M.  BURNHAM,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born 
in  Cumberland  Co.,  Me.,  April  21,  1840  ; 
came  into  Illinois  in  1864,  and  engaged  as 
a  farm  laborer  for  a  number  of  years.  He 
married  Miss  Jane  Gray,  of  Grundy  Co., 
111.,  Feb.  28,  1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Scot- 
land July  27,  1836  ;  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1868,  and  in  1870  bought  240 
acres  of  land,  which  is  their  present  home, 
and  is  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  they  have 
four  children — Nathaniel  F.,  born  Oct.  21, 
1867,  died  Aug.  3,  1868  ;  John  S.,  born 
Feb.  3,  1869 ;  Mary  M.,  born  Aug.  29, 
1871  ;  Carrie  J.,  born  Jan.  20,  1873. 
Mr.  B.  has  a  fine  farm,  and  one  of  the 
best  residences  in  this  part  of  the  county. 

CHARLES  M.  BAKER,  druggist, 
Dwight;  was  born  in  Alexandria,  Peno., 
April  13,  1853;  acquired  a  liberal  educa- 
tion while  with  his  parents  in  his  native 
State ;  leaving  his  parents  and  birth-place, 
he  emigrated  West  and  located  at  Dwight 
in  1868;  he  first  began  the  drug  business 
by  clerking  fur  Dr.  J.  B.  Baker  (his 
brother)  ;  at  the  same  time  learned  tele- 
graphing, and  had  charge  of  an  office  for 
the  Great  Western  Telegraph  Co.  for  three 
years  ;  in  1875,  he  bought  out  his  brother 
and  established  himself  in  the  drug  busi- 
ness, in  which  he  has  successfully  continued, 
having  the  principal  trade  of  this  place; 
also  having  one  of  the  most  attractive 
stores  in  the  county,  which  speaks  for  itself 
as  to  the  enterprise  and  abiliiy  of  the 
young  druggist.  He  has  held  the  office  of 
Village  Clerk  for  four  years.  He  married 
Nellie  C  Adams,  daughter  of  R.  C. 
Adams  (a  prominent  retired  farmer  of 
this  placej.  May  1,  1873;  they  have  one 
child— Addie  M.,  born  Oct.  9,  1877. 

HANNAH  E.  CHESTER,  Dwight; 
among  the  substantial  and  early  settlers  of 


Dwight  Tp.  were  the  Chester  family,  who 
settled  in  1860  on  Sec.  1  ;  the  father, 
Benjamin  Chester,  as  well  as  the  mother, 
was  originally  from  Connecticut,  and 
came  of  Revolutionary  stock ;  when  a 
young  man  he  emigrated  to  Orleans  Co.  in 
Western  New  York,  and  resided  there 
until  he  removed  to  Dwight,  where  he 
died  in  December,  1868.  The  son,  Wm" 
P.  Chester,  on  their  settlement  here,  was 
just  emerging  into  manhood,  and  seemed 
well  adapted  to  carry  on  the  large  farm 
they  had  begun  to  improve ;  in  1866,  he 
was  married  to  Miss  Louisa  Anderson,  of 
Gaines,  N.  Y.,  and  in  less  than  two  years 
of  happily  wedded  life  Mrs.  C.  was  called 
away,  and  on  the  4th  of  October,  1869, 
Mr.  Chester,  after  a  long  illness,  followed 
his  wife.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he- 
occupied  the  office  of  Supervisor  of  the 
township,  which  he  filled  creditably,  and 
in  his  death  Dwight  lost  one  of  her  most 
honored  and  respected  citizens.  Miss 
Hannah  E.  Chester  is  the  only  member  of 
the  family  now  living,  and  occupies  the 
homestead  in  the  village  of  Dwight,  and 
still  looks  after  the  farming  interests  which 
were  so  well  cared  for  by  her  fether  and 
brother. 

MRS.  ORPHA  CONANT,  farming 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  widow  of  John  Conant, 
who  was  a  pioneer  of  Dwight,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  establishing  of  schools 
and  assisting  in  all  public  enterprises  per- 
taining to  the  prosperity  of  the  place  ;  was 
first  Postmaster  and  first  Justice  of  the 
Peace  of  Dwight ;  he  was  born  in  Becket, 
Mass.,  Feb.  17,  1790,  died  Feb.  4,  I860, 
his  early  life  was  spent  at  his  place  of 
birth  ;  his  principal  business  through  life 
was  farming ;  removed  to  Rochester,  Lo- 
rain Co.,  Ohio,  in  1831;  while  there,  served 
as  County  Commissioner  ;  came  to  Dwight 
in  1854.  Mrs.  Conant  is  now  87  years  of 
age,  and  resides  at  the  old  homestead, 
which  was  one  of  the  first  houses  built  in 
Dwight;  she  received  from  the  Internation- 
al Exhibition  of  1876  a  certificate  of 
award  for  a  hat  of  June  grass,  made  by 
her.  She  was  married  to  Mr.  John  Conant 
Nov.  27,  1811;  she  was  born  Nov.  27, 
1791  ;  she  has  two  children  now  living — 
Hannah  (now  Mrs.  H.  M.  T.  Cutler)  and 
George  T.  (who  is  now  residing  at  the 
homestead  with  his  mother  and  engaged  at 
contracting  and  building). 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


669 


C.  M.  CYRUS,  editor  Dwiyht  Commer-  ' 
cial.  published  at  Dwight.  111.;  was  estab- 
lished  in   December,  1877,  and   made   its  i 
first    appearance   on   the   21st;   it  is  non- 
political  and  non-sectarian,  devoted  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  poor  and  rich  alike  ;   < 
it  holds  itself  entirely  aloof  from  all  party 
power,  and  .stands  alone  upon  the  founda- 
tion of  principle ;  it  is  a  home  local  news- 
paper, and  is  meeting  the  demands  of  the 
people  ;     the  Commervial   is  owned   by  a  i 
stock  membership,  composed  mainly  of  the 
business  men  of   Dwight,  which  places  it 
upon  a  sound  financial  ba.sis,  and  is  edited  i 
and  controlled  by  C.  M.  Cyrus,  a  practical 
printer  of   several  years'  experience,  who 
seems  to  know  what  goes  to  make  up  a  i 
first-class  country  newspaper;  the  Commer- 
cial was  established  as  a  five-column  quarto, 
edited  by  F.  B.  Hargreaves  and  published  ; 
by  C.  M.  Cyrus  ;   after  three  months  the 
publisher  assumed  entire  management,  and 
shortly  after  enlarged   it  to  a  six-column 
quarto ;  although  in  its  first  year,  the  Com- 
mercial  has    obtained    a  large    local    and 
county  circulation   which  is  constantly  in- 
creasing;    subscription    price    $1.50    per 
year  ;    in  connection  with  the  paper  is  a 
first-class  job  office. 

W.  H.  CONRAD,  manufacturer  of 
butter  tubs,  barrels  and  cisterns,  Dwight ; 
born  in  Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.,  July  27, 
1832  ;  at  the  age  of  18,  he  began  to  learn 
the  cooper's  trade,  and  in  1856,  having 
finished  his  trade  came  West,  locating  in 
Jackson  Co.,  Iowa,  where  he  remained  for 
three  years,  following  his  trade;  thence  to 
Chicago  for  a  short  time  ;  he  located  in 
Dwight  in  the  Spring  of  1863,  and  at 
once  opened  a  little  shop,  and  by  hard 
work  and  economy  has  increased  his  ca- 
pacity for  manufacturing  to  as  large  as  any 
in  this  part  of  the  State.  Married  Oct.  1, 
1868,  to  Miss  Mary  Winkler,  of  Dwight; 
they  have  two  children — Lillie  B.  and 
Mary  A. 

H.  CADWALLADER.  go-ain,  seed 
and  coal  dealer,  Dwight ;  born  in  Waynes- 
ville,  Ohio,  April  14,  1847,  where  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents  while  young,  and 
received  a  common  school  education  ;  in 
1866,  he  started  West,  leaving  home  and 
friends,  and  without  money  arrived  in 
Dwight  late  in  the  Fall  ;  he  was  telegraph 
operator  for  five  years,  after  which  he  pur- 
chased 130  acres  of  land  and  farmed  three 


years  ;  in  1872,  he  built  a  large  elevator 
and  commenced  bu.siness  as  a  grain  dealer  ; 
he  came  here  without  capital,  and,  through 
his  honesty  and  indu.^try,  he  has  accumu- 
lated a  lartje  projierty.  Married  Miss  Har- 
riet L.  Hawley,  of  Joliet,  Dec.  22,  1868, 
they  have  three  children — Jennie,  born 
July  11,  1871;  Edward,  born  Aug.  29. 
1874,  died  April  27,  1875,  and  Frank  H.. 
born  Sept.  18,  1876. 

JOSEPH  I.  DUNLOP,  attorney  at 
law,  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Stcubenville, 
Ohio,  April  24,  1828  ;  after  the  death 
of  his  father,  which  was  June  16,  1840, 
he  removed  with  the  family  to  Cambria  Co., 
Penn.,  near  Cresson,  where  he  remained 
until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  locat- 
ing in  Livingston  Co.,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  while  living  at  home  in  the  East,  he 
received  a  good  common  school  education, 
laying  the  foundation  of  his  present  busi- 
ness ;  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867. 
and  shortly  thereafter  removed  into  the 
village  of  Dwight,  and  began  the  practice 
of  law  ;  he  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  public  matters  pertaining  to  the  interests 
of  his  place.  He  married  Miss  Martha 
E.  Grubb,  of  Philadelphia;  she  was  born 
March  24,  1830  ;  they  are  parent  .s  of 
six  children — Anna  V.,  born  Oct.  8,  1852. 
died  Dec.  21,  1870  ;  James  M.,  born  June 
9,  1854;  Clara  A.,  born  March  1(1,  1856  ; 
Ella  J.,  born  Sept.  16,  1857  ;  Maymio  M.. 
born  June  12,  1860;  and  John  A.,  born 
Nov.  16,1867. 

WILLIAM  DOUGLAS,  station  agent 
at  Dwight  for  the  C,  A.  &  St.  L.  R.  R. 
Co. ;  came  to  Dwight  in  1873.  to  take  the 
position  of  station  agent,  which  he  has  lield 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  railroad 
company  and  citizens  of  Dwight,  being 
accommodating,  friendly  and  cheerful ;  is 
the  right  man  in  the  right  place. 

H.  ELDREDGE,  general  merchandise, 
Dwight;  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Mass., 
Dec.  28,  1822  ;  he  .spent  his  early  life  with 
his  parents  in  that  neighborhood,  and  re- 
ceived an  English  education  ;  in  1846,  he 
went  to  Shi'lburne  Falls,  and  engaged  as 
clerk  with  Maynard  Davis,  dry  goods  mer- 
chant, where  he  remained  five  years,  then 
with  Lamson,  Goodnow  &  Co..  thence  with 
W.  J.  Davis,  Chicago  ;  he  came  to  Dwight 
in  ( )ct.,  1858,  and  established  himself  in  his 
present  Ijusiness  ;  he  has  always  done  a 
good  business    here    upon   fair  principles. 


670 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES : 


Was  School  Director  for  six  years,  and  ] 
served  as  Town  Clerk,  and  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  Married  Miss  Hannah  Sears,  Feb. 
10,  1846  :  she  passed  away  June  10,  1854, 
leaving  one  child— Mary  G.  Married  Miss 
Martha  C.  Parsons,  Nov.  17,  1858  ;  one 
child— AUie  H. 

G.  Z.  FLACtLER,  lumber  merchant. 
Dwight ;  born  in  Herkimer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  4,  1828  ;  removed  while  young  with 
his  parents  to  Dutchess  Co.,  and  followed 
farming ;  he  received  a  common  school  ed- 
ucation while  with  his  parents  ;  he  came  to 
Dwight  in  the  Spring  of  1855,  and  learned 
the  trade  of  carpenter  and  joiner,  and  be- 
ing a  natural  mechanic,  he  soon  became 
the  leading  contractor  and  builder  ;  he  is  a 
man  of  integrity,  honesty  and  industry, 
and  has  fairly  earned  the  prosperity  to 
which  he  lias  attained.  He  was  married 
to  Miss  Phebe  J.  Clarkson,  of  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  27,  1848;  they  have 
three  children — Eugene,  John  W.  and 
George  N.  Mrs.  Flagler  was  born  in 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  5,  183H. 

THOMAS  FALLIS,  farmer.  Sec.  27  ; 
P.  0.  Dwight;  was  born  in  Clinton  C».., 
Ohio,  March  29,  1812  ;  during  his  early 
life  he  worked  in  his  father's  mill  and 
learned  the  trade  of  miller,  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  his  health  began  to  fail,  and  in 
the  Spring  of  1856,  emigrated  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  where  he  remained 
until  the  Spring  of  1861,  when  he  came  to 
Livingston  C<>.,  locating  on  his  present 
farm,  which  consists  of  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Clara  Mory,  <jf  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb. 
22,  1855 ;  she  was  born  Oct.  15,  1831 ; 
they  have  two  children — George  B.,  born 
Feb.  5. 1856;  CharlesW.,born  July4, 1860. 
HENRY  A.  GARDNER  was  born  in 
Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  April  20,  1816  ;  he 
was  appointed  rod-man  under  Richard  P. 
Morgan  in  surveying  the  extension  of  the 
Great  Western  Railroad,  from  Worcester, 
Mass.,  westward,  where,  after  some  service, 
he  was  advanced  to  junior  assistant;  in 
1839  he  was  engaged  in  a  survey  from 
Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.,  to  Albany,  now 
known  as  the  Harlem  Railroad,  and  in 
1841  was  engaged  in  the  preliminary  sur- 
veys of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad;  in 
1843  was  Assistant  Engineer  on  the 
Mohawk  &  Hudson  Railroad,  and  in  1845 
came   West  and  accepted  the  position  of 


Division    Engineer    on    the   Illinois    and 
Michigan  Canal;  in  1847  returned  to  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad  as  Assistant  En- 
gineer,    and    finally    as   Chief    Engineer, 
which  position  he  filled  until  1853,  when 
he  again  came  West,  and  was  employed  in 
constructing   the    Chicago,    Alton    &    St. 
Louis  Railroad  ;  he  located  his  lands  near 
Dwight,  at  the  time  of  making  the  railroad 
survey,   and   brought    his   family    to   tht- 
place  ;  in  1861  he  was  called  to  a  position 
on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  held 
important  positions  on  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and    at   the 
time  of  his  decease,  July  26,   1875,  was 
Chief  Engineer  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad ;     the    industry    and    care     with 
which  Mr.  Gardner  discharged  his   duties 
gained    for   him  general  respect,  and  the 
confidence  of  those  by  whom  he   was  em- 
ployed.     In  1842  he  married  Miss  Sarah 
P.  Morgan  ;  they  had  five  sons — Richard, 
who  now  occupies  the  home  farm,  Henry 
A.,   practicing,  law  in    Chicago,    George, 
who  has  occupied  a  prominent  position  in 
the  Joliet  Rolling  Mill,  William,  just  grad- 
uated   from  the  Chicago  University,    and 
James,  who  is  still  in  college.   Mr.  Gardner 
left   an    enviable    reputation    for   sterling 
integrity  in  the   discharge  of  his    profes- 
sional  duties,    firm   and  fixed  in  his  opin- 
ions,    and     but     few     excelled     him    in 
traits  of  character  that   mark  the   upright 
man. 

A.  E.  GOULD,  merchant,  Dwight; 
born  at  Ware,  Mass.,  Dec.  3,  1843 ;  he  in 
early  life  received  a  good  English  educa- 
tion, and  after  the  death  of  his  father,  in 
1860,  he  removed  with  his  mother  to  Palm- 
er, afterward  attending  college  at  Pougli- 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  where  he  graduated ;  in 
1865,  he  went  into  the  dry  goods  bu-siness 
in  Palmer,  and  was  very  successful,  but  de- 
siring to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  West,  and 
having  confidence  in  his  business  ability, 
came  to  Dwight  in  1867,  where  he  is  at 
present  doing  an  extensive  business,  and  is 
qualified  to  operate  on  a  large  scale ;  his 
success  warrants  us  in  placing  him  in  the 
first  rank  of  our  business  men.  He  mar- 
ried Mi.ss  Lizzie  J.  Sedgwick,  of  Palmer, 
Ma.ss.,  Jan.  1,  1867. 

WILLIAM  GASTON,  farmer,  Sec.  ^2; 
P.  0.  Dwight  ;  was  born  in  Antrim  Co., 
Ireland,  March  24,  1846,  where  he  was 
brought  up  on  a  farm  ;  farming  has  bee!«i 

/ 


/ 


DWIGHT   TOWNSHIP. 


671 


hiH  business  thus  far  tliiMugli  life.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  Mar<:aret  Finley,  of  his 
native  county,  April  2,  1869  ;  they  came 
to  this  country  in  1872.  first  locating  in  | 
La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  tlien  in  Livin<i.ston  Co., 
where  they  now  reside ;  they  have  three 
children — Maggie,  born  Dec.  4,  1873 ;  j 
Aggie  F.,  born  Dec.  4,  1875,  died  May 
4,  1876;  William  F.,  born  June  22, 
1877. 

J.  C.  HETZEL,  general  merchandise, 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Bavaria,  Germany, 
Nov.  7,  1883 ;  came  to  America  and  lo- 
cated in  New  York  City,  May  20,  1854, 
removing  Aug.,  1854,  to  Water  Gap,  Penn., 
for  a  time,  thence  to  Huntingdon  Co.,  where 
he  found  employment  as  a  farmer,  at  $5 
per  mouth  ;  he  came  to  Dwight  Oct.  26, 
1855,  and  atrain  be<»;an  to  work  on  a  farm  ; 
the  following  Summer  he  went  to  Chicago, 
and  alter  a  stay  of  three  months,  returned 
and  went  to  work  at  the  trade  of  a  mason 
and  plasterer;  in  1860,  he  bought  his  first 
stock  of  groceries,  and  in  the  Fall  he  built 
a  store,  and  the  following  Spring 
bought  a  stock  of  dry  goods,  gradually 
increasino;  his  business  and  addinsr  to  his 
wares,  until  to-day  he  is  one  of  the  leading 
merchants  and  most  prominent  men  in 
Dwight ;  he  has  accumulated  a  large 
amount  of  property.  He  was  married  to 
Miss  Augusta  Keller,  of  this  place,  March 
15,1858  ;  they  have  three  children,  adopted 
— Jennie,  John  J.  and  Anna. 

G.  M.  HAHN,  farmer,  stock  and  grain 
dealer ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Ba- 
varia, Germany,  Jan.  3,  1823,  and  after 
the  age  of  6  years,  he  received  seven  years 
continuous  schooling,  which  gave  him  a 
good  education  ;  he  came  to  this  country 
in  1853,  locating  at  Aurora,  111.,  where  he 
found  employment  as  a  farm  hand,  and 
after  a  few  months,  bought  eighty  acres  of 
land  in  Grundy  Co. ;  he  next  purchased  160 
acres  in  Livingston  Co.,  and  removed  to 
Dwight  in  1865,  and  bought  the  Dwight 
Flouring  Mills,  which  he  operated  about 
twelve  years ;  he  now  owns  265  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S50  per  acre,  yet  he  came 
to  this  country  a  poor  man  ;  but  through 
his  energy,  industry  and  economy,  has  ac- 
cumulated a  good  property.  He  married 
Miss  Sophia  Phifer.  Jan.,  1855  ;  they  have 
ten  children  living. 

REV.  E.  P.  HALL,  minister,  Dwight ; 
was  born  at  Kenton,  Sussex  Co.,  Del.,  Aug. 


21,  1824;  while  young,  he  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  thence  to 
Dublin,  where  he  attended  select  school ; 
returning  to  Zanesville  and  attended  High 
School  and  prepared  for  the  ministry, 
after  which  lie  taught  school  in  Franklin 
Co.  for  three  years ;  he  entered  the  work 
of  the  ministry  in  1849,  and  has  labored 
vigorously  and  cheerfully  ever  since  in  the 
ministerial  life  ;  the  high  esteem  in  which 
the  worthy  pastor  is  held  by  all  is  only 
equaled  by  the  heartfelt  gratitude  of  him- 
self and  household  ;  he  was  Presiding  Elder 
of  the  Normal  District  of  Illinois,  four 
years  ;  he  is  at  present  Pastor  at  Dwight. 
He  was  married  March  7,  1850,  to  3Iiss 
Laura  A.  Smith,  of  Franklin  Co. ,  Ohio  ; 
she  was  born  Oct.  3,  1830,  died  Jan.  14, 
1861,  leaving  two  children — Eliza  J.,  born 
Dec.  8,  1852  ;  Sarah  E.,  born  March  21, 
1858.  May  22,  1862,  he  married  Miss  J. 
Carrie  Taylor,  of  Circleville,  Ohio,  who  is 
a  graduate  of  Knox  College,  Galesburg, 
111. ;  she  was  born  at  Circleville,  Ohio,  Oct. 
24,  1 837  ;  they  have  one  child  ( adopted ) 
—Charlie  W.,  born  April  22,  1868. 

FDIED.  B.  HARGREAVES,  lawyer, 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  London,  Eng.,  on 
March  27,  1847,  and  spent  his  earlier  years 
in  Yorkshire,  where  he  received  his  first 
commercial  and  classical  instruction  ;  de- 
signed for  missionary  service,  he  studied  at 
Richmond  College  in  Surrey,  completing 
his  studies  there  in  1870  ;  at  this  time  his 
health  was  so  shattered  from  overwork 
that  he  resigned  his  ministerial  position, 
and,  after  a  long  sickness,  came  to  this 
country  in  search  of  health  and  fortune, 
arriving  in  Portland,  Feb.  8, 1872  ;  he  im- 
mediately came  West  and  took  charge  of 
the  Gardner  Presbyterian  Church :  in  July, 
1872,  he  returned  to  England,  and  married 
Mary  Noel  Comissiong,  the  accomplished 
daughter  of  Hon.  J.  T.  Comissiong,  of 
Ramsgate,  Eng.;  returning  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  ])ride  in  the  following 
Fall ;  in  1874,  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  law  in  Dwight,  and  has  built 
up  a  splendid  business,  having  now  one 
of  the  finest  suites  of  law  chambers  in 
this  county  ;  he  has  long  been  before  the 
public  as  a  speaker  of  no  mean  order,  and 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  orators  in 
this  part  of  the  State.  Mr.  Hargreaves  is 
a  rising  man,  and  will  no  doubt  make  his 
mark  in  this  world. 


672 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES 


REV.  JAMES    HALPIN,    Pastor   of 
the  Catholic  Church,   D  wight ;    was  born 
in  Limerick   City,  Ireland,    March,    1820  ; 
he  came  to  this  country  in  1839,  locating  in  ! 
Detroit,  Mich.,  and  there  entered  the  Cath-  ' 
olie  Institute,  and  began  studying  for  the   | 
ministry,  thence  to  St.   Louis,   continuing   J 
liis   studies    at  the  St.  Louis   University, 
where  he  was  ordained  a  priest,  after  which 
he    taught    in    the   University    for    about 
five    years,    then    was  appointed    to    take 
charge  of  the  St.   James   Church  at   St. 
Charles,  Mo.  ;  his  next  charge  being  at  St. 
Augustine,   111.,  where    he    remained   five 
years  ;  thence  to  Mason  City,  and  now  be 
ing  the  present  Pastor  at  Dwight.    During 
the  late  war.  Rev.  Mr.  Halpin  was  appointed 
by  the  Bisho])  to  the  hospital   at    Louis- 
ville. Ky.,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  sick 
and  wounded,  for  three  years ;  these  many 
appointments  he  has  filled  with  credit  and 
honor  to  himself  and  to  those  that  he  rep- 
resented. 

Z.  L.  JOHNSON,  of  the  firm  of  Flag- 
ler &  Johnson,  lumber  dealers,  Dwight  ; 
was  born  Sept.  9,  1856,  and  came  with  his 
parents  to  this  county  when  quite  young, 
and  located  on  a  farm  of  ItJO  acres  south- 
east of  Dwight,  where  he  remained  with 
his  parents  and  worked  on  the  farm,  and 
attended  district  school  during  the  winter 
months,  until  June,  1877,  when  he  came  to 
Dwight  ;  then  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  G.  Z.  Flagler,  in  the  lumber  trade. 
Mr.  Johnson  is  an  industrious  young  man 
of  good  habits,  therefore  we  anticipate  for 
him  success  in  mercantile  life.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Jennie  Miller,  of  this  place,  Dec. 
25,  1877. 

HOMER  A.  KENYON,  Postmaster, 
Dwight :  was  born  young,  and  emigrated 
early,  and  has  lived  in  Dwight  tweny-one 
years ;  his  favorite  recreation  is  reading  self- 
written  biographies  of  his  self-made  and  emi- 
nent co-temporary  friends ;  he  is  in  the 
book  and  stationery  business,  also  proprie- 
tor of  Kenyon's  Club  Agency,  news  depot 
and  circulating  library,  editor  and  proprie- 
tor of  the  Wester7t  Postal  Revieic ;  Mr. 
Kenyon's  Club  Agency  is  the  largest  in  the 
United  States ;  was  established  in  1870, 
and  during  the  year  1877,  he  received  and 
forwarded  over  one  hundred  thousand 
new.'^pajters  and  magazine  subscriptions. 

W.  H.  KETCHAM,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,    Dwight ;     was    born    in    Fishkill, 


Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28, 1821  ;  while 
with  his  parents,  he  received  a  good  English 
education  ;    remaining    with    them    until 
1852,  when  he  set  sail  for  California,  leav- 
ing New  York  Feb.  4 ;  during  his  voyage 
he  was  shipwrecked  ofi"  the  coast  of  Mex- 
ico, which  detained  him   some  five  weeks, 
and  arrived  at  San  Francisco  April  1  ;  he 
remained  in  California  three  years  and  six 
months  ;  his  principal  business  while  there 
was  mining ;  then  returned  to  his  native 
State,  and  shortly  thereafter  emigrated  with 
his  family  to  Illinois,  locating  in   Dwight, 
and  in  the  same  house  where  they  now  live. 
Mr.  K.  is  a  public    spirited  man,  and   hag 
done  much  for  the  jmblic  interests  of  the 
place ;    has  held   the  office  of  Justice  of 
.  the  Peace  for  fourteen  years  and   School 
Director  for  a  number  of  years,  also  Vil- 
lage Trustee,  which  he  now  holds  ;    these 
offices  he   held  with  credit   and  honor  to 
himself  and    those    he    represented.     He 
married  Miss  Mary  E.  Losee,  of  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30,  1841  ;  she  was  born 
May  23, 1822  ;  they  are  the  parents  of  six 
children — John  L.,  born  March   1,  1844, 
and  enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.  August, 
1862,  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Kene- 
saw  Mountain,  and  died  in  the  hospital  at 
Chattanooga,  June  25, 1864 ;  Jane  E.,  born 
Feb.  16,  1847  (now  Mrs.  Smith)  ;   Frank, 
born  Oct.  3,  1850  (now  Mrs.  H.  Thomp- 
1  son);    Mary  H..  born   Sept.  25,    1852; 
Emma  V..  born  June  13,  1856  ;  William, 
j   born  Feb.  9,  1860. 

I  GEORGE  KEPPELINGER,  general 
machine,  carriage  and  wagon  shop,  Dwight; 
born  at  Byron,  Germany,  March  12, 1844; 
came  to  America  in  1852,  locating  in  Illi- 
nois ;  received  but  a  limited  education , 
came  to  Dwight  in  1873,  and  opened  a 
blacksmith  and  repair  shop,  and  in  1876, 
built  a  large  building  in  addition  to  the 
shop,  the  upper  story  of  which  is  used  for 
a  Town  Hall ;  its  seating  capacity  is  600  ; 
he  owns  property  in  Dwight  to  the  amount 
of  $7,000.  Was  married  Oct.  6,  1867, 
to  Miss  Katie  Klughart,  of  this  place; 
they  have  one  child — Lizzie,  born  Aug. 
18   1870 

E.  H.  KNEEL  AND,  farmer.  Sees.  19 
and  30  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in 
Watertown.  N.  Y.,  Feb.  26,  1831  ;  when 
he  was  but  2  years  of  age,  his  father  died, 
then  he  removed  with  his  mother  and  fam- 
ily to  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  and  was  raised  on  a 


1 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


673 


farm,  but  received  a  good  education  and 
lauirht  .school  Winters  for  a  number  of 
years ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  185(5,  first 
locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  then  in  1801, 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  ;  removed  to  New 
York  City  ill  the  Spring  of  18G4,and  then 
t^erved  a.s  weighmaster  on  a  floating  ele- 
vator for  four  years,  after  which  he  returned 
to  Living.ston  Co.;  he  owns  ninety  acres  of 
land  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married 
Miss  Diana  Gallup,  of  La  Salle  Co.,  111., 
April  6,  1859  ;  they,  have  three  children 
— Edith,  born  Dec.  13,  18G2;  Gertrude, 
born  Jan.  24.  1870;  Grace,  born  May  15, 
1871. 

HENRY  KIMBLE,  farmer  and  stock 
dealer.  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born 
on  the  coast  of  Africa  ( Ascension  Island) 
July  y,  1821)  ;  his  father  being  a  most 
able  mechanic  and  engraver,  was  called 
upon  to  engrave  the  tombstone  of  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  which  he  did  while  on  Ascen- 
sion Island ;  they  remained  but  a  few  years, 
then  rem(tving  to  Prince  Edward's  Island, 
British  America,  where  they  remained 
twelve  years  ;  then  came  to  the  United 
States,  first  locating  in  Kendall  Co.,  111., 
thence  into  Livingston  Co.  in  1869,  locat- 
ing on  his  farm  where  he  now  lives,  which 
consists  of  320  acres,  valued  at  $50  per 
acre ;  there  being  an  artesian  well  on  his 
larm  makes  it  the  best  watered  stock  farm 
in  the  county.  He  married  Miss  Sarah 
Sheldon,  of  •  Du  Page  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  6, 
1854;  she  was  born  in  Nov.,  1831  ;  they 
have  two  children  living — Mary  M.,  born 
Dec.  31,  1858  ;  James  H..  born  April 
18,  1861. 

F.  A.  LAKIN,  farmer.  Sec.  35;  P.  0. 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Sebago,  Cumberland 
Co.,  Me.,  May  30,  1824;  his  early  life 
was  spent  on  the  farm  of  his  birth-place  ; 
when  Mr.  Lakin  was  but  a  boy  his  father 
died,  and  at  the  age  of  15  he  was  left  to 
care  for  his  mother,  and  having  charge  of 
the  farm,  remained  fourteen  years,  then 
removed  to  Harrison,  and  there  engaged  in 
farming  and  lumbering,  which  he  followed 
for  eleven  years.  He  married  Miss  Emma 
H.  Barnham,  of  Harrison,  Me.,  Nov.  6. 
1851;  she  was  born  April  27,  1828; 
they  came  to  Illinois  in  the  Fall  of  1864, 
locating  in  La  SalU;  Co.,  where  they  en- 
gaged in  farming  for  one  year,  thence  into 
Livingston  Co..  where  they  now  reside ; 
thev    came   to   this  State   with   but   little 


property,  and  through  their  industry  and 
economy  have  accumulated  a  good  property. 
They  own  186  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$50  per  acre.  They  are  members  of  the 
Baptist  Church,  and  have  one  child 
(adopted) — Edward  H.,  born  March  22, 
1859. 

J.   H.   LLOY'D.    Airmer,    Sec.    35;   P. 

0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  La  Moille,  Bureau 
Co.,  111.,  March  10,  1842,  where  he  re- 
mained with  his  parents  and  received  a  good 
education,  and  learned  the  trade  of  plas- 
terer and  brick  mason ;  he  entered  the 
army  in  the  late  war,  enlisting  in  the  52d 

1.  y.  I. ;  was  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh, 
Corinth,  luka  and  siege  of  Corinth,  and 
during  the  many  engagements  received  but 
two  slight  wounds  ;  he  served  three  years 
and  three  months ;  was  mustered  out  in 
November,  1864,  then  returned  to  La 
Moille  and  worked  at  his  trade  until  1869, 
when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  locating 
where  he  now  resides.  He  owns  1061 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
now  holds  the  oflice  of  Second  Lieutenant 
of  Co.  E,  10th  Bat.  I.  N.  G.  Married 
Miss  Julia  A.  Dean,  of  La  Moille,  Feb.  15, 
1873;  she  was  born  Aug.  16,  1844;  they 
have  four  children — Jonathan  H.,  bora 
Dec.  21,  1873;  Serepta  Jane,  born  Feb. 
15,  1874;  David  H.,  born  Feb.  19,1875; 
Emma  P.,  born  Nov.  8,  1877. 

JOHN  LITTLE,  section  foreman  on 
the  C,  A.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.;  P.  O.  Dwight; 
was  born  in  Morris  Co.,  N.  J.,  March  24, 
1828;  his  first  business  engagement  was 
with  the  H.  R.  R.  R.  Co.,  where  he 
remained  three  years.  He  married  Miss 
Caroline  Darcy,  of  Patterson,  N.  J.,  April 
3,  1852;  she  was  born  July  23,  1830; 
they  came  to  Illinois  in  1856.  locating  in 
Dwight,  where  he  took  the  position  of 
section  foreman  on  the  C,  A.  &  St.  L. 
R.  R.,  which  he  has  held  with  entire  satis- 
faction to  the  present.  Mr.  Little  came  to 
this  country  with  but  little  means,  and 
through  his  industry  and  economy  has 
accumulated  a  good  property ;  they  have 
three  children — Ada,  born  Dec.  24,  1856  ; 
Minnie,  born  Nov.  3,  1859  ;  Ma'jgio,  born 
Dec.  24,  1866. 

LEANDER  MORGAN,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser;  P.  O.  Dwight;  is  one  of  the 
pioneers  of  Dwight,  who  came  here  in  its 
earliest  days  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
establishing  of  schools  and  churches;  he 


674 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES ; 


was  born  in  Wilton,  Conn.,  Feb.  24, 1815; 
at  the  age  of  24,  he  removed  to  Yonkers, 
N.  Y.,  and  there  engaged  in  contracting 
and  grading,  which  he  followed  for  ten 
years,  and  after  the  death  of  his  father 
returned  to  Wilton,  Conn.,  and  took 
charge  of  the  home  farm ;  he  emigrated 
to  Illinois  in  1856,  locating  in  Dwight ; 
he  has  held  the  offices  of  School  Director 
and  Road  Commissioner  for  several  years ; 
he  resides  on  the  farm  that  is  known  as 
the  Spencer  Place,  where  the  Prince  of 
Wales  stopped  when  he  visited  this  coun- 
try in  1860,  and  where  a  number  of  Eu- 
ropean noblemen  have  been  entertained. 
He  married  Miss  Ann  Eliza  Barker,  of 
South  Salem,  N.  Y.,  June  29,  1837  ;  she 
was  born  April  1,  1815  ;  they  have  four 
children — Leander  B.,  George  A.,  William 
H.  and  Hattie  E. 

A.  McKAY,  harness  manufacturer, 
Dwight ;  born  in  Chambley  County,  Que- 
bec, Jan.  3,  1842,  but  removed  with  his 
parents,  while  young  to  Simcoe  Co., 
Ontario,  where  he  attended  school,  and  be 
gan  to  learn  the  trade  of  a  harness  maker, 
finishing  the  trade  at  Bramton,  ;  in  the 
Spring  of  1864,  he  removed  to  Chicaso, 
thence  to  Dwight  in  1865,  and  followed  his 
trade  until  April,  1867,  when  he  opened  a 
harness  shop  of  his  own,  and  through  his 
energy  and  industry,  has  accumulated  a 
good  property.  Was  Village  Councilor 
three  years,  School  Treasurer  of  Dwight 
Tp.  two  years,  and  at  present  Village  Treas- 
urer. Married  Miss  Louisa  Lytle,  of 
Dwight,  Nov.  22,  1875 ;  she  was  born 
April  22,  1840  ;they  have  two  children — 
James,  born  Sept.  23,  1869,  and  Harrie, 
born  May  14,  1872. 

DAVID  McWILLlAMS,  merchant,  P. 
0.  Dwight;  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
Jan.,  1834,  and  the  same  year  his  parents 
emigrated  to  Illinois,  and  located  in 
Griggsville,  Pike  Co.,  where  he  remained  un- 
til 1854;  when  not  quite  of  age,  he  settled 
in  Dwight ;  is  of  Scotch  descent ;  only  had 
the  advantage  of  a  few  months  schooling 
each  year  at  the  district  school ;  he  began 
his  business  in  a  small  frame  store,  20x32, 
the  first  business  house  erected  in  Dwight, 
and  at  that  time  only  three  families  lived 
in  the  place  ;  his  first  stock  of  goods  was  less 
than  $2,000  ;  has  continued  business  ever 
since,  and  in  connection  with  the  mercan- 
tile, has  been  engaged  in  banking,  in  which 


he  has  been  quite  successful,  and  is  now 
considered  among  the  solid  men  of  Central 
Illinois.  He  has  been  an  active  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church,  and  has  contributed  lib- 
erally of  his  means  for  the  erection  and 
maintenance  of  the  church  edifice  (which  is 
one  of  the  best  in  the  county),  as  well  as 
the  general  benevolence  of  his  church,  and 
is  now  honored  by  his  lay-brethren  as  the 
first  lay-delegate  from  Central  Illinois 
Conference  to  the  General  Conference 
of  the  Methodist  Church  held  at  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  in  May,  1872.  He  married  Miss 
Louisa  Weagley,  of  Griggsville,  111.,  Dec. 
2,  1856;  they  occupy  the  house  they 
moved  into  two  weeks  after  their  marriage  ; 
they  have  six  children,  all  of  whom  are 
living — Edward,  born  in  1857  ;  James  W.,  ' 
born  in  1858;  NelHe,  born  in  1860;  John 
P.,  born  in  1862 ;  Louisa,  born  in  1870, 
and  Charles,  born  in  1872. 

J.  McILDUFF,  Police  Magistrate, 
Dwight;  born  in  Dromara,  Ireland;  Nov. 
13,  1809  ;  in  the  early  part  of  his  life,  he 
attended  school  in  the  city  of  Belfast, 
and  afterward  attended  at  the  Royal 
Academic  Institute,  where  he  studied  navi- 
gation, but  his  parents  being  opposed  to  his 
becoming  a  sailor,  gave  it  up  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1834,  and  located  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  there  engaged  in  the  business 
of  transportation  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Canal,  which  he  followed  with  success  for 
fourteen  years  ;  came  to  Dwight  in  1855. 
locating  on  160  acres  of  land  southwest  of 
Dwight,  which  was  the  first  farm  opened  in 
this  township,  and  soon  thereafter  brought 
a  car-load  of  fine-bred  cattle,  which  were 
the  first  brought  to  this  place.  He  was 
School  Director  for  three  jearc,  and  Post- 
master two  years,.  Married  Miss  Agnes 
Speer  of  Cassville,  Penn.,  Sept.  1847;  she 
was  born  Nov.  17,  1822 ;  they  have  three 
children — Robert  S.,  born  Jan.  1,  1S48  ; 
Agnes  C,  born  July  18,  1854;  Thomas 
E..  born  Sept.  22,  1860. 

MRS.  CATHARINE  MORRIS,  widow 
of  the  late  William  Morris,  farmer;  P.  0- 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Yorkshire,  England, 
Nov.  30,  1820,  where  she  received  a  good 
education  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1849, 
locating  in  Philadelphia,  where  she  mar- 
ried William  Morris ;  he  was  born  in  Hay- 
wood, England,  in  1820,  and  died  Oct.  6, 
1877.  They  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in 
1854,  locating  on  what  is  now  known  as  the 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


675 


Barton  farm  .  afterward  purchased  200 
acres  where  she  now  lives,  which  is  valued  at 
$50  per  acre ;  Mrs.  Morris  conducts  the 
farm  ;  tliey  have  eleven  children — David, 
born  in  1852;  Thomas,  born  in  1853; 
James,  born  in  1855  ;  Lizzie,  born  in  1850  ; 
Willie,  born  in  1858  ;  Joseph,  born  in  18G1  ; 
Maggie  and  Charlie,  born  in  1862  (Charlie 
deceased)  ;  Nellie,  horn  in  1804 ;  Samuel, 
born  in  1866.  and  Lucv.  b(trn  in  1868. 

J.  MARTIN,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight ; 
born  in  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April  14, 
1814;  removed,  while  young,  with  his 
parents  to  Vermilion  Co.,  Ind.,  where  he 
lived  with  his  parents  on  a  farm,  and  at- 
tended district  school  during  the  winter 
months  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1846,  lo- 
cating in  Grundy  Co.,  where  he  ]>urchased 
eighty  acres  of  land,  and  shortly  afterward 
bought  ninety-seven  acres  in  Livingston 
Co.,  where  he  built  a  residence  which  was 
his  liome  up  to  1875,  when  he  removed 
into  Dwight;  he  owns  177  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  Scott,  of  Clearfield  Co.,  Penn., 
in  January,  1840  ;  she  was  born  Aug.  11, 
1811;  died  Oct.  26.  1863.  leaving  ten 
children  ;  John,  born  Nov.  28,  1841  ; 
Jasper,  born  April  1,  1842,  died  January, 
1844;  Mary  and  Elizabeth,  born  March 
23, 1 844 :  Mary  died  July  1 8, 1845 ;  Albert, 
born  Feb.  14,  1846  ;  Hannah,  born  May 
15,  1848;  Sarah,  born  April  5,  1850; 
George  W.,  born  Jan.  23,  1852.  William 
H.  (deceased).  Married  Mrs.  Jane  Scott, 
Dec.  30,  1863 ;  she  was  born  Dec.  22, 
1816  ;  she  has  eight  children — Eliza,  born 
May  6,  1839;  Marion,  born  Sept.  28, 
1841,  died  Dec.  25,  1841  ;  Morgan  D., 
born  March  3,  1843 ;  Mary,  born  Dec.  29, 
1845,  died  July  27,  1872;  Laura,  born 
July  20,  1849;  Delila,  born  Aug.  27, 
1852,  died  Dec.  26.  1852;  William  R., 
born  Oct.  27,  1853,  died  Feb.  7,  1876; 
John  J.,  born  April  24,  1856. 

N.  N.  MICKELSON,  grucery,  Dwight ; 
was  born  in  Denmark,  July  29,  1850  ;  his 
father  being  a  cooper,  he  remained  with 
him  and  learned  the  trade,  and  received 
an  ordinary  education  ;  he  emigrated  to 
this  country  in  1872,  locating  in  Dwight; 
he  first  found  employment  as  a  farm 
•laborer,  then  engaged  at  his  trade,  then 
in  the  capacity  of  a  grocery  clerk  for  D. 
McWilliams  &  Co.,  where  he  remained 
for  four  years,  and  now  i«    engaged  in  the 


grocery  business  for  himself,  and  has  one 
of  the  finest  little  grocery  stores  in  the 
place. 

H.  T.  NEWELL,  real  estate  and  loans, 
Dwight;  was  born  at  Pittsfield,  Mass., 
Feb.  28,  1835;  his  early  life  was  spent 
with  his  parents  in  Milford  and  Cuba,  N. 
Y.,  the  latter  being  where  he  received  his 
education  at  a  graded  school ;  he  came 
into  Livingston  Co.,  in  1858,  locating  in 
Dwight,  and  doing  business  in  different 
locations,  dealing  in  hardware  at  Dwight, 
real  estate  in  Chicago,  and  was  connected 
with  the  firm  of  Newell,  Judd  &  Sims,  at 
Pontiac,  in  lumber  trade  ;  his  present  busi- 
ness is  real  estate  and  loans ;  he  being  a 
man  of  industrious  habits  and  good  busi- 
ness ability,  is  highly  respected  by  all. 
He  mamed  Miss  Eliza  Gould,  of  Dwight, 
Feb.  21,  1861  ;  they  have  four  children — 
Nellie  V.  (deceased),  Lillie  A.,  Edna  M., 
and  Maud  M. 

C.  S.  NEWELL  (deceased) ;  was  born 
at  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1832;  in 
1837  he  went  from  home  to  Springfield, 
and  in  1839  to  Milford,  N.  Y.,  and  to 
Cuba  in  1850,  where  he  learned  the  trade 
of  watch-making;  in  1855  he  emigrated 
to  Illinois,  locating  at  Waukegan,  where 
he  went  into  the  business  of  watchmaking, 
which  was  his  first  commercial  venture. 
He  removed  to  McHenry,  111.,  in  1857. 
where  he  married  Miss  Margaret  McCol- 
lum,  Nov,  21,  1858 ;  she  was  born  at  Mc- 
Henry, May  29,  1 844 ;  came  to  Dwight 
in  1860,  associating  himself  with  his 
brother,  H.  T.  Newell,  in  the  hardware, 
real  estate,  and  loaning  business,  and 
operating  successfully;  in  lor3,  he,  with 
his  brother,  H.  T.,  had  a  prison  contract, 
and  used  fifty-eight  convicts  in  the  manu- 
facturing of  galvanized  iron  cornice  ;  re- 
moved to  Joliet  in  1874,  and  engaged  in 
wholesale  confectionery ;  passed  away 
April  9,  1877.  leaving  three  children — 
Charles  E.,  born  Dec.  19,  1859;  Bert  E., 
born  Jan.  16, 1863;  Clinton  D.,  born  May 
3,  1867.  He,  as  a  business  man,  was 
respected  and  honored  by  all ;  he  had  few 
equals,  and  no  superiors ;  his  loss  can 
never  be  supplied  in  a  large  circle  of 
acquaintances. 

C.  L.  PALMER,  editor  and  proprietor 
of  the  Dicighf  Star,  Dwight  ;  was  born  in 
Macoupin  Co..  111.,  June  5,  1848;  during 
his  early   life,  he  obtained  a  good   educa- 


676 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


tion,  laying  the  foundation  of  his  present 
business  ;  his  first  experience  in  mercantile 
life  was  in  Litchfield,  111.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  general  merchandise  ;  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.  in  1867,  locating  in  Chats- 
worth,  and  there  opened  a  store  of  dry 
goods  and  clothing ;  he  came  to  Dwight 
and  established  the  Dwight  Star  (in  con- 
nection with  the  book  and  stationery  trade) 
in  Jan.,  1868,  and  it  made  its  first  appear- 
ance on  May  5  ;  in  a  short  time  it  became 
a  popular  sheet,  and  grew  in  demand  until 
it  consumed  his  entire  time  and  attention  ; 
he  dropped  the  book  and  stationery  busi- 
ness and  devoted  his  time  to  the  editing  of 
the  Star,  which  he  has  carried  through 
nine  enlargements  ;  after  a  successful  career 
of  ten  years,  it  stands  at  the  head  of  the 
Livingston  Co.  press,  and  is  the  only  steam 
printing  house  in  the  county.  He  married 
Miss  Mate  E.  McClure,  of  New  York, 
Sept.  25,  1873. 

L.  G.  PEARRE,  attorney  at  law, 
Dwight ;  he  is  a  native  of  Ohio  ;  during 
his  early  life,  he  received  a  good  education, 
laying  the  foundation  of  his  present  busi- 
ness ;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1858, 
and  engaged  in  the  grain  trade,  in  which 
he  met  with  good  success ;  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1869,  since  which  time  he 
has  devoted  entire  time  and  attention,  and 
has  built  up  a  large  practice  in  Livingston, 
Will,  Grundy  and  La  Salle  Cos.  ;  his  suc- 
cess is  well  known  in  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  he  has  proved  himself  an  able  prac- 
titioner in  common  and  chancery  law. 

J.  B.  PARSONS,agricultural  implements, 
building  ma-^lferials,  coal  and  ice,  Dwight; 
was  born  in  Penobscot  Co.,  Me.,  Dec.  17, 
1844  ;  his  father  being  a  fiirmer,  he  worked 
on  the  farm  and  went  to  school  until  he 
was  14  years  of  age,  then  he  started  alone 
for  Lowell,  Mass.  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1862, 
he  returned,  and  having  obtained  consent 
of  his  father,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
18th  Maine  Regiment;  was  promoted  to 
an  Orderly  Sergeant ;  was  in  the  service 
three  years,  then  returned  to  Bangor,  Me., 
and  was  discharged,  and  started  for  the 
West ;  he  arrived  at  Dwight  in  Aug.,  1865, 
and  engaged  in  teaming,  and  meeting  with 
good  success,  he  soon  began  to  deal  in 
coal,  ice,  brick,  etc. ;  his  business  has  con- 
tinued to  increase  until  he  now  stands 
high,  if  not  at  the  head  in  his  branch  of 
business  in   this  county.     He  now  holds 


the  oflSce  of  Lieut.  Col.   Commanding  the 
10th  Reg.  L  N.  G. 

A.  G.  POTTER,  farmer  and  stock  raiser; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Huntingdon 
Co.,  Penn.,  April  3,  1833 ;  removed  to 
Livingston  Co.  in  the  Spring  of  1858,  and 
rented  a  firm  of  David  McWilliams  ;  now 
farms  quite  extensively  ;  works  280  acres, 
turning  his  attention  to  raising  stock ; 
he  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $60 
per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Mary  Jane 
Nuoier,  of  Huntingdon  Co.,  Penn. ;  she 
was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Nov.  21, 
1833  ;  they  have  nine  children — Addie 
v.,  born  April  14,  1857  ;  Willie  L.,  born 
Dec.  22,  1858,  died  Oct.  28,  1861  ;  Julie 
F.,  born  Jan.  17,  1861;  Lander,  born 
June  24,  1863  ;  Allen  W.,  born  Oct.  20, 
1865  ;  Rosealma,  born  July  12,  1867,  died 
Aug.  31,  1868;  Elsie  M.,  born  Sept.  21, 
1871;  Bertha  M.,  born  Sept.  10,  1873; 
Nellie  E.,  born  Jan.  19,  1876. 

S.  T.  K.  PRIME,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight, 
was  born  in  Weston,  Conn.,  July  31, 1834; 
he  was  brought  up  in  New  York  City, 
where  he  received  a  fine  education  ;  he 
was  in  business  there  until  the  Spring  of 
1858,  when  he  came  to  Dwight  and  bought 
a  half  section  of  land,  improved  it,  and  re- 
sides there  now  ;  Mr.  Prime  has  devoted  the 
greater  portion  of  his  life  to  farming  and 
literary  pui'suits  ;  his  taste  being  in  the 
newspaper  line,  and  both  as  an  editor  and 
as  a  correspondent,  has  the  reputation  of 
being  a  clear  and  concise  writer ;  he  is  the 
oldest  son  of  Dr.  Prime,  of  the  New  York 
Observer,  at  present  connected  with  the 
Chicago  Trilmne  ;  he  has  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  homes  in  the  State  ;  a  credit  to 
the  town  and  the  admiration  of  every  one. 

F.  RATTENBURY,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Dwight;  was  born  in  Devonshire,  Eng., 
December,  1832,  where  he  remained  with 
his  parents  and  engaged  at  farming  until 
1857,  when  he  left  his  native  country  and 
emigrated  to  America,  locating  in  La  Salle 
Co.,  111. ;  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1857, 
and  engaged  in  farming,  which  has  been 
his  principal  business  thus  far  through  life. 
He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Haydon,  of 
his  native  place,  March  31,  1856 ;  she  was 
born  Oct.  1,  1830  ;  they  have  six  children 
living — Bessie,  Alice  M.,  Thomas,  Jennie, 
Mary  and  Willie. 

R.  ROE,  grocer,  Dwight;  was  born  ia 
Manchester,  Eng.,  Nov.  16,  1833,  where 


DWIGHT   TOWNSHIP. 


677 


h(    learned   tlie    trade  of  prints  printing ; 
lanie  to  this  country  and  located  in  North 
Adams,   Mass.,  where  he  engaged  at  his 
trade  with  the  Arnold   Print  Works,  and 
remained  wiih  them  five  y^ars,  after  which 
he  removed  to  Marshall,  Mich.,  and  learned   : 
the    trade  of  a    miller,  and   remained  21 
years;  came  to  Dwight  in  1862,  and  had 
charge  of  the  Dwight  Flouring   Mills  for 
seven   years,    then    operating   a    mill    in 
Springfield  for  a  time,  returned  to  Dwight 
and  engaged  in  the  grocery  business.      He 
married  Mrs.   Ellen  Johnson,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, Nov.  IS,  1857  ;  she  was  born  Jan.  9, 
1830;    they  have   three  children — Eliza- 
beth (by  first  husband),  born  Dec.  1,  1854; 
Lawrence,  born  May  3,  18G1  ;  Mary,  born 
Jan.  5,  18G3,  died  Feb.   17,  1804.      Mrs. 
Roe  is   proprietress  of  a  beautiful   floral 
garden  and  hot  house  that  would  do  credit 
to  a  city.   She  keeps  on  hand  a  full  variety 
of   lawn    and    house    plants    from    James 
Vick,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  also  B.  K.  Bliss 
&  Co.,  N.  Y. 

W.    S.    SIMS,    dealer    in    lumber   and 
coal,   Dwight ;     born    in    Rushville,   Ind., 
Feb.  20,  1834;  removed  with  parents  to 
Clinton   Co.,   and  there  attended    district 
school;   thence    to    Lebanon,   Boone   Co.. 
where  he  attended  school   at  the  Lebanon 
Seminary ;    came    to    Dwight    in    April, 
1861  ;  entered  the  army  August,  1862  ; 
joined  the  86th  Regt.  Ind.  Vols,  as  Captain; 
was    wounded   at    the   battle    of    Chicka- 
mauga ;  also,   battle   of    Burnt   Hickory ; 
served  two  years  and  three  months ,  after- 
ward returned   to    Dwight,   and   was   ap- 
pointed   cashier   in    the   bank   of    J.    Gr. 
Strong ;  served  six  years ;  was  one  of  the 
building  committee  of  the  County  Court 
House ;    was    a    member   of    the    School 
Board   four   years ;    served    as    Township 
Supervisor  three  years,  fulfilling  the  duties 
of  each  ofiice  with  credit  to  himself  and 
fidelity  to  the  people.      Married  Miss  Sa- 
lina  Strong,  of  Lebanon,  Ind.  ;  they  have 
six   children — Samuel   E.,   Anna   M.    E., 
Carrie  B.,  Lizzie  M.,  George  S.  and  Ella. 
J.    F.    SCHUMM,    butcher,    Dwight; 
was    born    in     Wurtemburg,     Germany, 
March    15,    1831,   where    he   served    his 
time  at  the  trade  of  a  butcher ;  came  to 
this   country  in    1851,   locating   in   Kane 
Co.,  111.,  where  he  was  a  farm  laborer  until 
1858,   when  he  came  to  Dwight;  he  en- 
tered the  army  in  the  late  war  in  August, 


1862,  enlisting  in  the  129th  I.  V  .1.,  and 
served  two  years  and  ten  months ;  was 
engaged  in  quite  a  number  of  battles,  and 
came  out  without  a  scratch;  returned  to 
Dwight  and  engaged  in  the  butcher  busi- 
ness, which  he  has  followed  with  success 
ever  since.  He  married  Miss  Elizabeth 
Ash,  of  Dwight ;  she  was  born  in  (ier- 
many ;  they  have  eight  children — Casper, 
Charles  J.,  Lehonard  F.,  Catharine  L., 
Elizabeth  K.,  MoUic,  Jennie  and  Ruth. 

WM.  xM.  STITT,  livery  and  feed  stable, 
also  Village  Constable,  Dwight ;  was  born 
in  Pike  Co.,  111.,  March  25,   1843,  where 
he  worked  on  a  farm  and  went  to  school 
until  August,  1861,  when  he  entered  the 
late    war   in    the    36th     I.    V.    I.  ;     was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  Ark., 
and  was  taken  to  the  convalescent  hospital 
at    Louisville,    Ky.,    where    he   remained 
until    October.    1863,   when   he   was  dis- 
charged ;  he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
and  engaged  in  farming  for  about  seven 
years  ;  removed  to  the  village  of  Dwight 
February,    1875,  and  0})ened  a  feed   and 
livery  stable,  which  he  has  managed  ever 
since;    was   elected  Village    Constable   in 
April,  1877,  and  re-elected  in  1878.      He 
married  Miss  Mary   Wait,   of   Highland, 
Grundy  Co.,  Oct.  7,  1864;  she  was  boru 
July  4,  1845  ;  they  have  four  children — 
Alvin  E.,  Estella,  Olive  L.   and   William 
B. ;  all  living. 

JOHN  STAFFORD,  proprietor  of 
McPherson  Hotel,  Dwight ;  was  born  in 
Norwich,  Vt.,  July  29,  1805  ;  his  father 
died  while  he  was  young ;  he  then  lived 
with  his  uncle,  and  after  the  marriage  of 
his  mother,  returned  and  worked  on  the 
farm  ;  at  17  went  to  Burlington  and  worked 
for  a  lumber  firm  for  $8  per  month;  thence 
to  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  he  and  J. 
Thompson  took  a  contract  of  getting  out 
and  rafting  timber  to  Quebec,  which 
amounted  to  $16,000,  rafted  by  way  of 
Lake  Champlain,  Lake  St.  John.  Sorril 
and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers;  he  then  engaged 
in  ship  building,  and  built  four  boats,  and 
sailed  on  Lake  Champlain,  Hudson  and 
St.  Lawrence  Rivers  sixteen  years  ;  came 
west  in  1857,  locating  in  Joliet,  111,  there 
enjiaged  in  hotel  business,  and  thence  to 
Rock  Island,  where  he  lost  $6,500  in  the 
Rock  Island  Hotel  ;  came  to  Dwight  in 
1871, and  purchased  theMcPheison  Hotel, 
where    he    remained   uj)    to   May,   1878  ; 


078 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


he  having  retired,  the  hotel  is  now  under 
the  supervision  of  his  son  Charles  H  He 
married  Miss  Margaret  Killmon  Feb.  11, 
1830  ;  they  have  three  children  living — 
John  F.,  Charles  H.  and  Martha  E. 

H.  E.  SIEGERT,  miller,  Dwight ;  was 
born  in  Germany  May  26,  1830,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  a  miller ;  he  came  to 
America  in  1857,  locating  at  Morris,  111., 
where  he  was  engaged  as  first  miller  in  the 
flouring  mill  of  Elerding's  for  six  years. 
He  married  Miss  Magdalene  Bornman,  of 
Morris,  111.;  she  was  born  Feb.  2,  1840  ; 
they  removed  to  Channahon,  and  there 
rented  a  water-power  mill,  which  he  man- 
aged successfully  for  three  years ;  came 
to  Dwight  in  1867,  and  purchased  the 
Dwight  Flouring  Mill,  which  he  is  still 
operating ;  they  have  seven  children — 
Sophia  E.,  born  Sept.  28,  1864  ;  George 
A.,  born  Nov.  17,  1865  ;  John  C,  born 
April  28,  1868;  Mary  and  Gusta  (de- 
ceased), born  June  11,  1869  ;  Henry  E., 
born  August  14,  1870  ;  Harmon  C,  born 
Oct.  8,  1872. 

J.  G.  SCHUMM,  European  Hotel  and 
restaurant,  Dwight ;  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Niederwinder,  Germany, 
April  13,  1835,  where  he  learned  the  trade 
of  a  turner  ;  he  came  to  this  country  in 
1857,  locating  in  St.  Louis,  and  there  fol- 
lowed his  trade  for  about  seven  years.  He 
married  Miss  Katherine  Guyer,  of  France, 
April  16,  1862.  He  came  to  Dwight  in 
1869,  and  engaged  in  the  butcher  business 
which  he  followed  for  a  few  months,  then 
began  the  business  he  is  now  engaged  in, 
which  he  conducts  in  a  gentlemanly  man- 
ner, and  is  doing  a  good  business.  He  has 
a  family  of  four  children — Eliza  K.,  born 
April  8,  1863;  Frederick  W.,  born  Aug. 
13,  1864;  Fredricka,  born  March  19, 
1873  ;  Lewis  F.,  born  April  13.  1876. 

JOSEPH  SHRIxMPTON,  former ;  P. 
O.  Dwight ;  son  of  Timothy  Shrimpton,  of 
the  Long  Crandon  Needle  Factory, England; 
was  born  in  Long  Crandon,  Buckingham- 
shire, Eng.,  June  23,  1822,  where  he  spent 
his  early  life  in  manufacturing  needles ; 
after  the  death  of  his  father  he  took  charge 
of  the  factory,  which  he  managed  until 
the  Spring  of  1855,  when  he  left  his  na- 
tive home  and  emigrated  to  this  country, 
coming  direct  to  Dwight,  111.,  and  at  that 
time  there  were  but  few  settlers  in  this 
vicinity ;    he  has  always  taken   an  active 


part  in  the  public  interests  of  the  place  ; 
he  returned  to  England  once  since  he  came. 
He  married  Miss  Mary  Bampton,  of  his 
native  place,  Oct.  12,  1839  ;  she  was  born 
Jan.  8,  1822  ;  they  have  three  children 
living — Eber,  born  Aug.  11, 1840 ;  Philip, 
born  July  24,  1842  ;  Sarah,  born  April 
20,  1849.  Eber  enlisted  in  the  late  war 
of  the  rebellion  and  served  three  years  ; 
was   wounded  at  the  battle  of  Goldsboro. 

DeWITT  SCUTT,  contractor  and 
builder,  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Delaware 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  22,  1828  ;  while  quite 
young  his  mechanical  turn  of  mind  led 
him  into  the  pursuit  of  his  present  occu- 
pation, which  he  has  followed  thus  far 
through  life  ;  he  emigrated  to  Illinois  in 
1855,  locating  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  where  he 
remained  until  1862,  when  he  came  to 
Dwight,  where  he  has  taken  the  lead  in  his 
profession.  He  married  Miss  Mary  A. 
Seacord,  of  N.  Y.,  Nov.  17,  1853;  she 
died  July  14, 1876  ;  he  afterward  married 
Miss  Mariali  J.  Collins,  of  Ohio. 

JAMES  CLINTON  SPENCER,  P. 
O.  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  and  formerly  a 
resident  of  Dwight,  111. ;  was  born  July 
29,  1828,  on  the  Hudson  River,  below 
Albany,  N.  Y.  ;  he  was  a  descendant,  on 
the  father's  side,  of  Ambrose  Spencer, 
Chief  Justice  of  that  State,  and  on  the 
mother's  side  of  George  Clinton,  first  Gov- 
ernor of  New  York  and  Vice  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  DeWitt  Clinton, 
also  Governor  of  New  York,  and  projector 
of  the  Erie  Canal ;  was  educated  as  a  civil 
engineer,  and  his  first  work  was  on  the 
New  York  &  Erie  Railroad  in  1847  ;  in 
1849,  he  obtained  a  position  in  the  engi- 
neer corps  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad, 
in  company  with  H.  A.  Gardner  and  R.  P 
Morgan,  Jr..  well'  known  in  connection 
with  the  early  history  of  Dwight;  in  1852 
he  came  to  Illinois  wuth  the  above  parties, 
to  build  the  Chicago  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, from  Springfield  to  Joliet;  in  the 
Spring  of  1853,  he  located  the  road  through 
Dwight,  and  in  connection  with  the  engi- 
neer corps,  laid  out  the  town,  which  was 
named  for  Henry  Dwight,  Jr.,  to  whose 
enterprising  spirit  the  county  was  in- 
debted for  the  early  completion  of  the 
road  ;  for  years,  Mr.  Spencer's  home  was 
on  his  farm  adjoining  the  town,  and  to 
him  it  is  indebted  for  the  notoriety  gained 
by  the  visit   of  the   Prince  of  Wales  and 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


679 


his  suite,  iu  1860.  au  atcount  of  which 
is  given  in  the  history  of  Dwight.  In 
I860  Mr.  Spencer  was  appointed  General 
Manager  of  the  Milwaukee  &  Prairie  du 
€hien  Railroad,  with  headijuarters  at  Mil- 
waukee, where  he  remains,  and  where  he 
has  been  connected  with  various  railroad 
enterprises,  and  is  now  Vice  President  of 
the  Davenport  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
and  Consulting  Engineer  of  the  Pitts))urgh, 
Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  :  among 
those  who  were  connected  with  the  early 
history  of  Dwight,  there  are  none  who 
command  greater  respect  than  he  whose 
name  heads  this  sketch. 

DR.  H.  G.  THOLE,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Dwight ;  was  bom  in  Badbergen, 
Germany,  Jan.  18,  1831,  and  came  to  the 
United  States-  in  the  Spring  of  1846,  lo- 
cating in  Mason  Co.,  111.  ;  while  in  his 
native  country  he  received  a  good  educa- 
tion, laying  the  foundation  of  his  present 
business;  in  1862  and  1863  he  attended 
the  Hahnemann  Medical  College,  of  Chi- 
cago, graduating  April,  1878;  he  located 
in  Dwight  in  1866,  and  having  met  with 
good  success,  has  built  up  a  good  practice. 
He  married  Miss  Caroline  Burgler,  of  De- 
troit. Mich.,  November,  1854. 

SALMON  TUTTLE,  cashier  of  the 
Dwight  Bank  ;  he  is  a  son  of  Z.  Tuttle, 
who  is  one  of  the  largest  land  owners  in 
the  county;  he  owns  upward  of  6,000 
acres,  and  is  looked  upon  as  one  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  highly  respected  citi- 
zens of  the  county.  Salmon  was  born  in 
La  Salle  Co.,  Dec.  8,  1854  ;  at  about  the 
age  of  10  years,  he  removed  with  his  par- 
ents to  Morris,  111.,  where  he  attended 
graded  school  about  four  years,  thence  to 
Grand  Prairie  Seminary,  and  Commercial 
College,  where  he  graduated  June  14, 
1875  ;  came  with  his  parents  to  Livings- 
ton Co.  in  the  Spring  of  1868,  his  p{u*ents 
locating  seventeen  miles  east  of  Pontiac, 
their  present  home ;  Salmon  is  a  young 
man  of  good  morals,  and  they  who  kn<^>w 
him  best  appreciate  his  many  good  quali- 
ties. 

ROBERT  THOMPSON,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Dwight ;  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlers  of 
the  county  ;  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
May  17,  1807  ;  he  removed  to  Guernsey 
Co.  when  he  was  about  24  years  old  ;  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1854,  and  pur- 
cha.sed  394  acres  of  land,  west  of  Dwight ; 


he  erected  a  small  residence  and  began  to 
farm  at  once,  and  being  a  man  of  great 
public  spirit,  began  operations  to  build  a 
school  house  for  the  district ;  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Board  of  Supervisors  as  one 
of  three  to  appraise  the  swamp  lands  of 
this  county ;  he  was  Supervisor  twelve 
years,  and  was  apjtointed  C<immi.ssioner  to 
perform  the  work  of  laying  off  the  county 
into  Congressional  townships.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  Latha  Cross,  in  1829;  she 
passed  away  Nov.  11,  1870,  leavingtwelve 
children — Thomas  M.,  Benjamin,  John, 
Margaret,  Esther,  Percilla,  Mary,  Ella, 
Lizzie  and  Samuel  M. ;  Emma  and  Mar- 
tha deceased ;  married  Mrs.  Sarah  Hib- 
bard,  Sei)t.  16,  1873. 

HUGH  THOMPSON,  grain  merchant, 
Dwight;  was  born  March  21,  1836,  in 
Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  spent  the 
early  part  of  his  life  on  the  farm  with  his 
parents ;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  the 
Spring  of  1855,  locating  on  Sec.  3,  Union 
Tp.,  and  engaged  in  farming  up  to  the 
Fall  of  1862,  then  entered  the  army.  He 
joined  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  as  a  private ;  he 
was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Lost  Moun- 
and  tain,  Ga. ;  was  confined  in  the  Louisville 
and  Mound  City  hospitals  for  twelve 
months ;  served  three  years.  In  June, 
1865,  he  returned  to  Dwight,  and  was 
elected  County  Treasurer,  and  served  two 
years  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Supervisors  of  Dwight  Tp.  six  years ;  he 
engaged  in  the  grain  trajile  in  the  Fall  of 
1867,  in  whiclihe  has  been  quite  successful. 
Married  to  Miss  Frankie  Ketcham,  Oct. 
26,  1869  ;  they  have  had  four  children — 
Maud,  May  (deceased),  Harry  M.  (de- 
ceased), and  Clide  H. 

JOHN  THOMPSON,  Justice  of  the 
Peace  and  stock  dealer,  Dwight ;  was  born 
in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  26,  1834  ; 
leaving  his  native  State  at  the  age  of  20, 
emigrated  West,  in  company  with  his  par- 
ents, and  settled  in  Livingston  Co.  in  1854, 
and  the  following  year  returned  to  his  na- 
tive State,  and  married  Miss  Esther  Boyd, 
of  Belmont  Co.,  Jan.  25,  1856  ;  she  was 
born  Aug.  12,  1831,  ;  after  a  few  months 
returned  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  engaged 
in  farming,  which  he  followed  about  four 
years,  and  then  attending  high  school  at 
Aurora  for  one  year,  settled  in  the  village 
of  Dwight,  and  engaged  in  the  grain  and 
stock  trade  ;  he  was  Village  Trea.surer  three 


680 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


years,  and  is  at  present  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
and  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees; 
these  ofl&ces  he  has  held  with  honor  and 
credit  to  himself  and  the  people  he  has 
represented ;  they  have  four  children  liv- 
inr, — Florence  E.,  James  C,  John  C.  and 
Robert  W. 

T.  M.  THOMPSON,  farmer.  Sec.  13  ; 
P.  0.  Dwight;  was  born  in  Belmont  Co., 
Ohio,  3,  1810,  where  he  remained  fifty- 
seven  years  on  the  old  homestead,  which 
was  also  the  birthplace  of  his  father's  family. 
He  married  Miss  Jane  Elwood,  of  Belmont 
Co.,  March  11,  1830;  she  died  May  1, 
18'16,  leaving  six  children — Robert,  born 
May  24,  1833  ;  John,  born  Aug.  10, 1834, 
died  Sept.  8,  1852  ;  Hugh  and  Mary,  born 


March  21,  1836;  Mary  died  June  12, 
1869;  William,  born  March  10,  1838, 
Thomas  J.,  born  Aug.  31,  1840,  died  Dec 
1, 1853.  He  married  Miss  Anne  Grimes  , 
she  was  born  Aug.  31,  1819;  they  have 
four  children — John  E.,  born  March  13, 
1855  ;  Agnes  J.,  born  June  12,  1858  , 
Benjamin  M.,  born  Feb.  5,  1859;  James 
F.,  born  March  6,  1861  ;  they  left  the  old 
home  in  the  Fall  of  1867,  and  emigrated 
to  Illinois,  locating  in  Livingston  Co.  where 
they  now  reside  ;  he  owns  320  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre,  and  is  a 
prominent  and  much  respected  citizen  ;  he 
is  President  of  the  Board  of  School  Di- 
rectors. 


SUNBURY    TOWNSHIP. 


RICHARD  M.  BRUNER,  farmer  ;  P. 
0.  Blackstone.  Methodist.  Democrat. 
Owns  180  acres  of  land  valued  at  $7,000  ; 
born  in  Ohio,  May  23,  1836.  Married 
Margaret  J.  Bruner,  April  13,  1863  ; 
she  was  born  in  Virginia,  April  10,  1845  : 
they  have  had  nine  children,  all  of  whom 
are  now  living — Wm.  R.,  born  Jan.  15, 
1864;  Mary  J.,  July  22,1865;  Henry 
W.,  Dec.  19,  1867  ;  Nancy,  0.,  Dec.  4, 
1869;  George  A.,  March  22,  1871; 
Evea  E.,  July  16,  1872  ;  Jessie  W.,  Nov. 
17,  1873  ;  Clara  E.;  Sept.  19,  1875  ;  Lit- 
tle Baby,  March  17,  1877.  Mr.  Bruner 
came  to  this  State  in  1839,  and  com- 
menced farming  in  La  Salle  Co.,  and  has 
been  engaged  in  the  same  in  Livingston 
Co.  since  1864. 

THOMAS  BROOKER,  farmer;  P. 
O.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in  Kent  Co., 
England,  Dec.  25,  1819;  came  to  the 
United  States,  arriving  in  New  York  in 
1839,  after  a  long  and  dangerous  voyage, 
on  which  he  set  out  with  his  father's 
family,  and  in  which  they  were  wrecked 
ofi  Wliitehead  Harbor,  causing  a  separa- 
tion of  himself  and  brother  John  B.,  from 
all  1  heir  relatives  for  a  period  of  eighteen 
months,  finally  meeting  them  again  in 
Ohio.  Mr.  Brooker  came  to  this  State  in 
1848,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  stock- 
raising.     Owns  120  acres  of  land   valued 


at  $4,800.  Married  Miss  Lucinda  Wilber, 
in  1844,  who  was  born  in  Caledonia  Co., 
Vt ,  March  2,  1826  ;  they,  have  had  ten 
children,  nine  of  whom  are  living — Mary 
A.,  Elizabeth  H.,  Eisie  S.,  Alice  J.,  Phebe 
M.,  Emma  R.,  Sarah  E.,  John  W.,  Frank 
S.,  and  Frederick  T.;  Alice  J.,  deceased. 

G.  H.  BLAKESLEE,  farmer  and 
breeder  of  fine  stock ;  P.  0.  Blackstone , 
was  born  in  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn. ;  came 
with  his  parents  to  this  State  in  1856  ;  he 
now  owns  205  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$12,000.  Was  married  May  9,  1858,"  to 
,  Miss  Martha  J.  Wright ;  she  was  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Feb.  5,  1840  ;  they  have 
had  eight  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
now  living — Charles  H.,  Herbert  C,  Nicy 
A.,  Maggie  E.,  Orra,  George  B.,  Alvra 
T.,  Walter  S. ;  Orra,  deceased.  Mr, 
Blakeslee  was  a  soldier  in  the  late  re- 
bellion, having  enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V. 
I.,  Aug.  9,  1862,  and  served  nearly  three 
years ;  was  wounded  at  Kenesaw,  in  the 
battle  of  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Ga. ;  when 
recovered,  was  on  duty  with  General 
Dodge,  Headquarters  Department  of  the 
Missouri ;  was  discharged  with  honor, 
in  February,  1865,  and  has  since  that 
time  been  successfully  engaged  iu  farming 
and  stock  raising.  Also  within  the  same 
time  he  has  hold  the  iollowing  public 
offices  :     Town  Clerk,  eleven   years ;  Col- 


SUNBURY   TOWNSHIP. 


681 


lector,    two    years :   and    Town  Treasurer, 
ten  yearf<. 

JOHN  BRU€KER,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Blackstone  ;  Episcopal ;  Democrat ;  owns 
905  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S3 1,700; 
born  in  Fnjiland.  County  of  Kent,  June 
6,  1821.  Married  Elizabeth  Ellfrey,  born 
in  Germany,  Hesse-Ca*sel,  in  1825  ;  they 
have  had  ton  children — seven  of  whom  are 
living.  ^Ir.  B.  has  been  in  the  employ  of 
the  United  States  Government  eight  years 
in  the  building  of  forts,  and  has  been  Gov- 
ernment contractor ;  has  been  a  farmer  in 
this  State  for  over  twenty  years.  Mr.  B. 
entered  the  land  he  now  owns,  being  the 
southwest  (juarter  of  Sec.  4.  Mr.  B.  is  at 
present  Road  Commissioner.  He  married 
May  30,  1846  ;  children — John  H.,  born 
April  13,  1847.  died  Sept.  16,  1848; 
William,  born  Oct.  16,  1851,  died  Aug. 
30,  1852  ;  Elizabeth,  born  June  19, 1849  ; 
Mary,  born  Nov.  20,  1854 ;  Ann  Eliza, 
born  March  1,  1856,  died  April  19,  1856; 
Ellen.  April  24,  1857  ;  Sarah  J.,  Aug. 
29,  1861  ;  Fannie  F.,  Dec.  18,  1865 ; 
Charles  E.,  Dec.  15,  1860. 

MARTIN  CONWAY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in 
County  Mayo,  Ireland ;  came  to  this 
country  in  1847.  Married  Miss  Rose 
Ruddy  ;  she  was  born  in  County  Mayo, 
Ireland;  they  have  had  ten  children — 
nine  of  whom  are  living,  viz. ;  James, 
horn  July  17,  1854;  Bridget,  April  12, 
1857;  Mary,  May  20,  1859;  Edward, 
June  29,  1861  ;  Anthony,  Sept.  29, 1863  ; 
Rose,  Feb.  24,  1866;  Martin,  Feb.  26, 
1868;  Michael,  July  17,  1870;  Ellen, 
Sept.  2,  1873;  Anthony,  November,  1852, 
died  August,  1873.  Mr.  Conway  has 
always  followed  the  pursuits  of  a  farmer, 
and  now  owns  1 60  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $6,400.  He  came  to  this  State  in  1853, 
which  makes  him  quite  an  early  settler. 

MRS.  MARY  CORBIN,  farming ;  P. 
'  .  Cornell ;  one  of  the  early  settlers  of 
Livingston  Co.,  and  widow  of  thf  late 
Oliver  H.  P.  Corbin  ;  was  born  in  Harri- 
son Co.,  W.  Va.,  July  31, 1826,  her  maid- 
en name  being  Mary  P].  Flowers;  she 
has  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  areliv- 
ing,  viz. :  Joseph  F.,  John  H.,  Jesse  F., 
Edith,  Sarah  J.  and  0.  H.  P.  (deceased), 
Francis  M..  Florence,  Benjamin  B.  and 
Mary  E.  Mrs.  Corbin  now  lives  with  her 
children  at  the  old  homestead,  and  owns 


160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S8,000.  Jo- 
.seph,  her  oldest  son,  since  his  father's 
death,  has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  for  over  1  wo  years. 

PATRICK  DEMPSEY,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  P.  0.  Blackstone  ;  born  in  Lon- 
donderry Co.,  Ireland ;  came  to  this  country 
in  1837  ;  has  followed  the  pursuits  of  a  farm- 
er from  boyhood,  and  now  works  200  acres 
of  land,  vauled  at  $8,000.  Married  July  4, 
1850.  to  Miss  Ann  McGivney  ;  she  was 
born  in  Caven  Co.,  Ireland;  they  have  had 
seven  children — Roger,  born  June  8,  1851  ; 
Bernard  F.,  born  Oct.  15,  1852;  Charles, 
born  March  7,  1855  ;  Agnes,  born  Sept.  6, 
1858;  Sarah  Ann,  born  Dec.  5,  1860; 
Robert  Emmet,  born  March  9, 1864 ;  Mary, 
born  June  5,  1866.  Mr.  Dempsey  has 
held  the  office  of  Street  Commissioner  for 
several  years. 

GEORGE  DEAN,  farmer,  P.  0.  Black- 
stone ;  was  born  in  N.  Y.,  Aug,  14,  1850  ; 
came  to  this  State  in  1857  ;  has  followed 
the  pursuits  of  a  farmer  from  his  boyhood  ; 
now  owns  234  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$7,000.  Married  Martha  J.  Hamilton, 
Nov.  20,  1872;  she  was  born  in  Illinois, 
Nov.  18,  1854;  they  have  had  two  chil- 
dren, both  of  whom  are  living — George 
Ira,  born  May  9,  1874,  and  Aubrey,  born 
Nov.  12,  1876. 

JOHN  GRAHAM,  farmer,  P.  0.  Black- 
stone ;  was  born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  June 
15,  1859;  his  father  (now  deceased)  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers  of  this  State  ;  he 
died  Nov.  4,  1877  ;  his  mother  died  June 
12,  1875,  aged  42  years,  leaving  Mr.  Gra- 
ham and  with  his  brother  and  seven  sisters 
orphans  ;  their  names  are  Annie,  Lizzie, 
Katie,  Delia,  Mary,  Agnes,  Ella  and  Willie  ; 
Mr.  Graham  now  works  the  farm,  which 
consists  of  120  acres,  valued  at  $4,800  ;  he 
is  an  active  and  prosperous  young  man, 
and  is  making  for  his  brother  and  sisters 
a  pleasant  home. 

MICHAEL  HIGGINS,  stock  raiser 
and  farmer,  P.  0-  Blackstone ;  was  born  in 
Countv  Sliiro.  Ii  eland,  in  1815,  and  is  one 
of  the  early  settlers  of  this  State,  havmg 
settled  in  La  Salle,  in  1845,  and  finally  re- 
moving to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1866,  where 
he  now  resides  ;  owns  80  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $3,200.  Married  Mary  Ralph 
in  1844  ;  they  have  had  ten  children,  nine 
of  whom  are  living — Patrick,  Mary,  Daniel, 
John,  Margaret,  Francis,  Catherine,  Ellen, 


682 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


Michael  and  Lizzie  ;  Lizzie  deceased  ;  Mr. 
Higgins  was  married  in  Ireland,  and  came 
to  tlais  country  with  his  wife,  father-in-law 
(Mr.  Ralph),  and  one  child,  Patrick,  his 
other  children  being  born  in  America.  Here 
Mr.  Ralph  died  at  the  advanced  age  of  113 
years ;  was  probably  the  oldest  man  in  the 
State. 

JOHN  HUMPHREYS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Blackstone ;  owns  240  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $14,400 ;  was  born  in  Shrubshire 
Co.,  Eng.,  March  10,  1823.  Married  to 
Elizabeth  Weeks ;  she  was  born  in  Kent 
Co.,  Eng.,  July  4,  1833  ;  he  married  June 
10,  1865  ;  they  have  two  children  both  of 
whom  are  now  living — Edward,  born  Nov. 
5,  1868  ;  Edith  E.,  1)orn  Sept.  2,  1866. 
Mr.  Humphreys  came  to  America  in  1863, 
and  to  this  State  in  the  same  year,  and 
has  engaged  successfully  in  farming  ever 
.since.  Methodist.  National.  He  mar- 
ried the  widow  (jf  Thomas  Weeks, 
who  was  in  the  Mexican  war,  enlisting 
under  Captain  Gibson,  and  was  afterward 
promoted  Sergeant ;  Mr.  W.  was  also  a 
volunteer  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion, 
serving  six  months,  and  was  killed  Dec. 
29,  1861,  at  the  battle  of  Artsville,  Tenn. 
He  had  two  sons  who  are  now  in  Nebraska, 
having  taken  up  their  father's  old  home- 
.stead  ;  their  names  are  Charles  T.  and 
William  B.  Weeks;  they  are  both  prosper- 
ous young  men. 

JAMES  P.  HADLEY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Cornell ;  one  of  the  very 
early  settlers  in  Livingston  Co.  ;  was  born 
in  the  State  of  New  York,  March  30, 
1806,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1851; 
owns  120  acres  of  laud,  valued  at  $6,000; 
he  remembers  when  he  could  go  from  his 
present  home  across  the  prairie  to  the  Illi- 
nois River  without  seeing  a  sign  of  human 
habitation  anywhere  on  the  route,  a  distance 
of  about  eighteen  miles  ;  for  a  distance  of 
nine  miles  all  around  his  home,  he  had  only 
three  or  four  neighbors ;  he  often  saw 
deer  in  herds  that  would  number  from 
thirty  to  forty,  and  wolves  frequently  came 
around  the  house  in  large  numbers.  Mr. 
Hadley  was  married  to  Miss  Phebe  Ann 
Tripp,  Jan.  1, 1861;  she  was  born  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  Oct.  18, 1827  ;  they  have  had 
seven  children — Richard  D.,  Harriet  H., 
Norman  A.,  Emily  A.,  Nicoll  E.,  RoxyA.  and 
Orin  E.  ;  all  of  whom  are  living.  The 
above  is  the  second  wife   of  Mr.   Hadley  ; 


his  first  wife  was  Miss  Rumina  Hill ;  she 
was  born  in  New  York,  Oct.  6,  1809,  died 
Jan.  3,  1851  ;  by  her  he  had  ten  children, 
five  of  whom  are  living — Mary  E.,  Paulina 
M.,  James  T.,  William  E.  and  John  P.  , 
the  deceased  are — Eugene,  Eliza  J.,  Eliza 
A.,  Amanda  M.  and  Sarah  J.  Mr.  H.  has 
held  several  ])ublic  offices,  and  for  many 
terms. 

D.  W.  KENT,  grain  merchant  and 
dealer  in  live  stock,  Blackstone  ;  was  born 
in  Suffield,  Conn.,  September  3,  1843; 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000  , 
is  one  of  the  most  prominent  settlers  in 
Blackstone.  Was  married  Feb.  19,  1868, 
to  Miss  Eliza  Mumma ;  she  was  born  in 
Ohio,  Aug.  12,  1848;  they  have  had  five 
children — Charles,  born  and  died  Sept.  29. 
1869;  Frederick,  born  Dec.  3,  1870; 
Edna  Hulda,  Dec.  27.  1872  ;  died  July  3, 
1873  ;  Irene,  born  July  3,  1874  ;  died 
Dec.  3,  1874;  Paul  Lester,  born  Dec.  16, 
1876.  Mr.  Kent  was  formerly  a  resident 
of  Odell,  and  was  there  called  Mayor  of 
Cayuga,  which  title  he  still  retains. 

DENNIS  KAHOE,  farmer  and  .stock- 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in 
Queens  Co.,  Ireland,  in  1825.  Married  Miss 
Mary  Mallany,  in  April,  1856  ;  she  was 
born  in  County  Sligo,  Ireland,  in  1830  , 
they  have  had  nine  childnn,  four  of 
whom  are  living — Timothy,  Michael, 
Mary,  and  John ;  deceased,  Dennis, 
Esther,  Bridget,  Susan,  and  Winfred. 
Mr.  Kahoe  came  to  this  county  in  1868, 
and  took  to  farming,  in  which  he  still  con- 
tinues ;  he  owns  eighty  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $3,200.  Has  held  public  offices, 
and  is  now  School  Director. 

H.  H.  KENT,  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
P.  0.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in  Suffield, 
Conn.,  Sept.  24,  1839 ;  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $6,400.  Married 
Miss  Mary  A.  Wilcox,  April  14,  1877  ; 
she  was  born  in  Iowa,  Dec.  28,  1855.  Mr. 
Kent  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
active  settlers  in  Sunbury,  being  a  partici- 
pant in  the  construction  of  the  large 
warehouses  and  granaries  now  owned  by 
L.  E.  Kent,  with  whom  he  was  formerly 
engaged  in  the  grain  and  lumber  business. 
He  settled  in  this  State  in  1859  ;  has  held 
many  public  offices,  and  now  holds  that  of 
Supervisor. 

RICHARD  McOMBER,  farmer ;  P. 
O.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in  Jeflferson  Co., 


I 


SUNBURY  TOWNSHIP. 


683 


N.  Y.,  March  7,  1831  ;  came  to  this  State 
with  his  family  in  1853,  having  previously 
been  a  resident  in  the  State  of  Michigan 
for  fifteen  years.  ]Mr.  McOmber  has  al- 
ways followed  the  jmrsuits  of  a  farmer  ; 
he  now  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  worth 
S3, 200.  He  was  married  March  18, 
1857,  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Evans  ;  she  was 
born  in  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  12,  18-40  ; 
they  have  one  child — Charles  W.  Coleman 
— an  adopted  son  ;  he  was  born  Oct.  1 1 , 
1864,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  and  is  a  smart  and 
promising  boy. 

F.  M.  McINTOSH,  dry  goods  mer- 
chant, Blackstone ;  was  born  in  Indiana 
Oct.  26,  1846.  Married  Sarah  J:  Flesh- 
man  ;  she  was  born  in  Indiana  Oct.  3, 
1850  ;  they  have  had  four  children,  all  of 
whom  are  now  living — Lizzie  M.,  born 
Dec.  1,  1868;  Elmie^F.,  Oct.  3,  1871; 
Jessie  L.,  Nov.  25, 1875 ;  Jay,  March  23, 
1877.  Mr.  M.  came  to  this  State  in 
1847  ;  entered  the  dry  goods  business  in 
1870  in  this  place,  in  which  he  still  con- 
tinues. 

JOHN  MILLER,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Black- 
stone  ;  Lutheran  ;  Republican ;  works  1 60 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $6,400 ;  born  in 
France  July  3,  1839.  Married  Huldah 
Dean  March  31,  1873;  she  was  born  in 
New  York  State  Jan.  21,  1845 ;  they 
have  had  three  children,  all  of  whom  are 
now  living — Carrie,  born  Jan.  21,  1874; 
Charles  H.,  June  25,  1875  ;  Dora,  April 
10.  1877.  Mr.  Miller  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1847,  and  then  settled  in  the  great 
Northwest  with  his  parents,  arriving  in 
June,  when  they  found  this  section  a 
beautiful  but  wild  prairie.  Mr.  Miller, 
since  he  became  of  age,  has  been  engaged 
in  farming,  and  gives  his  attention  to 
stock  business. 

CAPT.  JAMES  NICHOLS,  retired, 
Odell;  was  born  on  the  island  of  Nan- 
tucket, in  the  State  of  Massachusetts, 
Feb.  13,  1816;  his  pursuit  was  that  of  a 
seaman  from  1828  to  1864;  commencing 
in  early  boyhood,  he  worked  his  way  up  to 
a  Captain's  position  in  1841.  Was  mar- 
ried July  16,  1837,  to  Miss  Mary  Coffin ; 
she  ,  was  born  in  Rhode  Island  Dec.  4, 
1815;  they  have  had  seven  children — 
three  of  whom  are  living,  viz. :  Josephine 
C,  Charles  A.  and  Mary  C.  Deceased — 
James  C,  Sarah  F.,  William  H.,  Mary 
H.     James  C.   was  a  soldier  in  the  late 


war,  enlisting  in  Co.  B,  2d  Rhode  Island 
Inf.  ;  was  afterward  promoted  Sergeant, 
and  killed  at  the  battle  of  Salem  Heights 
May  3,  1863. 

B.  F.  NORTON,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Black- 
stone  ;  Methodist ;  Democrat ;  owns  250 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $12,500  ;  born  in 
the  State  of  Maine  Feb.  11,  1823.  Mar- 
ried Elizabeth  S.  Norton  Nov.  8,  1848; 
she  was  born  in  Maine  Oct.  31,  1823; 
they  have  had  ten  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  now  living — E.  F.,  born  Aug.  27, 
1849;  T.  A.,  Nov.  18,  1850;  Mary  E., 
April  17,  1852  ;  Samuel  B.,  Dec.  3, 1853; 
Clara  M.,  Dec.  29,  1856;  Hannah  R., 
March  9,  1859  ;  H.  Hubert  and  Rufus 
Herbert  (twins),  April  6,  1861.  H.  Hu- 
bert died  May  18,  1861 ;  Eben,  born  Dec. 

1,  1862,  died  Dec.  7,  1862;  Peter  E., 
born  Dec.  31,  1863,  died  March  13,  1865. 
Mr.  N.  came  to  this  State  in  1853,  and 
then  commenced  farming  in  Livingston 
Co.,  and  within  that  time  has  held  the 
office  of  Postmaster  three  years,  also  that 
of  Town  Clerk,  and  many  other  public 
offices  in  this  (his  own)  township. 

ABRAHAM  NEWBURN,  farmer ;  P- 
0.  Blackstone ;  owns  forty  acres  of  land; 
valued  at  $1,600  ;  born  in  Pennsylvania, 
March  12,  1842.  Married  Marietta  Fair- 
banks, April  12,  1866;  she  was  born  in 
Illinois,  Oct.  30,  1843;  they  have  had  six 
children,  five  of  Avhom  are  now  living — 
S.  A.  F.,  born  Sept.  3,  1862,  died  Nov.  4, 
1862  ;  Sarah  B.  D.  Fairbanks,  born  Sept. 

2,  1863  ;  Lyman  A.,  born  Oct.  26,  1866  ; 
Armena  E.,  born  Sept.  9,  1868  ;  Hattie 
E.,  born  Oct.  1,  1870  ;  Jennie  E.,  born 
March  17,  1875.  Mr.  N.  came  to  this 
State  in  1850,  and  commenced  farming  in 
this  county  in  1853,  and  in  this  township 
in  the  Fall  of  1866  ;  when  he  first  came  on 
this  farm  he  now  owns,  it  was  a  wild 
prairie  ;  he  has  improved  it  greatly,  and  it 
is  now  all  well  tilled.  Mr.  Newburn  is 
Mrs.  Newburn's  second  husband,  her  first 
husband  having  been  killed  in  the  late  re- 
bellion by  a  shell  from  a  blind  battery,  be- 
tween Atlanta  and  Savannah,  Dec.  10, 
1864.  His  name  was  Wm.  J.  Fairbanks. 
They  are  members  of  the  United  Brethren. 
Is  a  National. 

JAMES  H.  PAGET,  former  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Blackstone  ;  one  of  the  early 
settlers  in  this  county  ;  was  born  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  111.,  Nov.  21,  1840;  his  father 


684 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


was  one  of  the  very  early  settlers  of  this 
State,  having  first  arrived  here  in  1830 ; 
then  going  East  again,  he  remained  a  few 
years  ;  there  was  married  and  again  came 
West  to  Marshall  Co.,  where  James  was 
born.  He  was  married  Sept.  22,  1864,  to 
Miss  Martha  Erwine  ;  she  was  born  in  Mus- 
kingum Co.,  Ohio,  March  22,  1847  ;  they 
have  had  six  children,  three  of  whom  are 
now  living — Ella  A.,  born  Sept.  15,  1865  ; 
Cora  B.,  born  June  1(1,  1869  ;  Albert  E., 
born  July  5,  1874  ;  Rose  C,  born  Dec.  4, 
1867,  died  Nov.  2,  1868  ;  Eliza  J.,  born 
Aue-.  20, 1872,  died  Sept.  6, 1873  ;  Emery 
A.,'born  May  11. 1877,  died  Oct.  5,  1877. 
Mr.  Paget  was  formerly  in  business  in  coal 
lands,  but  has  for  many  years  been  engaged 
in  farming ;  he  now  owns  eighty  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $4,000,  and  has  made 
for  himself  and  family  a  pleasant  and  happy 
home. 

JEEOME  SMITH,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser;  P.  0.  Blackstone ;  was  born  in 
Pulaski,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  came  to  this 
State  with  his  father's  family  when  he  was 
only  a  year  old,  and  is  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers in  Livingston  Co.  ;  he  remembers 
when  his  nearest  neighbors  were  three  miles 
distant,  and  this  whole  country  was  a  vast 
prairie ;  his  father  died  about  seventeen 
years  ago  ;  his  mother  still  lives  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  75  years,  and  is  in  good 
health.  Mr.  Smith  has  followed  the  pur- 
suits of  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  from  his 
early  boyhood,  and  now  owns  500  acres  of 
land,  ■valued  at  $25,000.  He  was  married 
in  1876,  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Johnson  ;  she 
was  born  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  in   1848. 

JAMES  STOTT,  farmer;  P.  0.  Black- 
stone  ;  was  born  in  England,  Sept.  11, 
1816  ;  he  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1842,  and  to  Illinois  in  1858,  where  he 
settled  down  to  the  pursuits  of  a  farmer  in 
Livingston  Co.,  and  now  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $7,000.  Was  married 
Jan.  1.  1873,  to  Mrs.  Mary  Brooker ;  she 
was  born  in  Cabot,  Vt.,  Feb.  19,1832; 
b}  her  he  had  one  child — Susie  M.  Stott, 
born  Dec.  3,  1874  ;  Mrs.  Stott,  by  her 
former  marriage,  was  the  mother  of  seven 
children — Mariam  S.,  bcrn  June  16, 1850 ; 
Leonard  Z.  B.,  May  22,  1852  ;  Alice  J., 
March  22,  1854,  died  Aug.  15,  1855: 
Martha  J.,  April  10,  1856;  Charles  H.', 
July  7,  1858,  died  Sept.  15,  1875;  Ed-  | 
ward   L.,  Feb.  26,  1863,  died    Oct.  10,  j 


1876  ;  Eddaretta,  May  12,  1866,  died 
Jan.  15,  1867.  Mr.  Brooker  (deceased) 
the  former  husband  of  Mrs.  Stott,  was 
killed  March  14,  1866,  aged  38  years. 
Hannah  (deceased)  was  the  former  wife  of 
Mr.  James  Stott,  and  died  Dec.  20,  1869, 
aged  52  years  ;  by  whom  he  had  six  chil- 
dren— Emanuel,  born  Dec.  20,  1840, 
died  June  13,  1864;  John,  April 
8,  1844,  drowned  Aug.  28,  1851  ; 
William  and  Mary,  twins,  Dec.  26,  1845, 
Mary,  died  July  3,  1846;  Helen,  born 
Jan.  29,  1850  ;  died  Sept.  26,  1852 ; 
James,  Jan.  3,  1854.  Mr.  S.  is  quite  an 
old  resident,  having  lived  in  this  county 
for  more  than  twenty  years. 

HENRY    SIEDENTOP,  farmer;    P. 

0.  Nevada  ;  was  born  in  Germany,  Aug. 
26,  1844  ;  came  to  this  county  in  1862, 
and  settled  in  the  northeast  corner  of  Sec. 

1,  where  he  has  made  himself  a  pleasant 
and  happy  home.  Mr.  Siedentop  was 
married  Oct.  2,  1867,  to  Miss  Louise 
Benckendorf,  who  was  born  in  Germany 
March  28,  1848  ;  they  have  had  six  chil- 
dren, five  of  whom  are  now  living — Charles 
Henry,  born  June  23,  1867,  died  Oct.  2, 
1868;  Henry,  Feb.  22,  1869;  Frederick, 
Jan.  10,  1872;  Louise,  Jan.  5,  1874; 
William,  June  10,  1876  ;  Emma,  March 
23,  1878. 

ISAAC  SHERMAN,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;    P.  0.  Blackstone ;    was    born   in 
Ohio,  April  1,  1825  ;    came  to  this  State 
in    1833,    and   settled  in    Putnam    Co.; 
removing  from    there  to   Livingston  Co., 
1869,   and    settling    in    the    township  of 
Sunbury.     He  was  married  to  Miss  Susan 
McKee,  July  12,  1857,  and   by  her  had 
five    children,  four    of    whom   are   living 
— Marian,   born    May   13,   1859;    John, 
February,    1860,    died    February,    1861; 
Rebecca  M.,  born  March  4,  1865;  Henry, 
April    11,    1867;    Isaac   T.,  March   21, 
1869.      After  Mrs.  Sherman's  decease,  he 
married  again,  Jan.  3,  1874,  to  Miss  Sarah 
J.    Bales ;    she   was    born    in   Kentucky, 
Sept.  18,  1835;    they  have  had  two  chil- 
dren— Francis  B.,  born   March   1,1875; 
Levi  Jasper,  June  28,  1877.      Mr.  Sher- 
man has  always  followed  the  pursuits  of  a 
farmer,  and  now  owns  240  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $9,600. 

HORACE  H.  TULWILER,  black- 
smith, Blackstone;  Methodist;  Democrat; 
born  in  Illinois  Feb.  14,  1851.     Married 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


685 


Clara  K.  Ross ;  she  was  born  in  Illinois, 
May  21,  1854;  they  have  had  two 
children,  both  of  whom  are  still  living — 
Hattie  M.,  born  Jan.  25,  1876;  Clara  A., 
Dec.  8,  1877.  His  marriage  occurred 
Dec.  30,  1875.  Mr.  T.  commenced  the 
blaeksmithing  business  for  himself  in  this 
State  in  1875,  and  ha.s  been   successful. 

M.*  F.  WATERS,  merchant,  Black- 
stone;  was  born  in  Ohio  April  4,  1830. 
Married  Amelia  Monfbrt  April  5,  1865  ; 
they  have  had  five  children,  all  of  whom 
are  still  living,  viz. :  George,  Harry,  Cora 
B.,  James  H.  and  Kittie.  Mr.  W.  began 
keeping  store  in  Sunbury  alone  in  1876, 
and  in  January,  1878,  went  into  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  T.  A.  Norton,  witli  whom 
he  now  continues  in  the  drug  and  dry 
goods  business.  Mr.  Waters  is  a  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  and  is  a 
straightforward  Bepublican. 

ISAAC  N.  WOOD,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell ;    was  born  in  La  Salle 


Co.,  111.,  May  12,  1835  ;  his  father,  on 
arriving  from  Wayne  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1833, 
settled  in  Vermilionville;  he  was  the  first 
Postmaster  there,  and  has  for  several  years 
been  Deacon  of  the  Baptist  Church,  and 
now  holds  the  ofiice  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  Mr.  Isaac  N.  Wood  was  married 
April  21,  1859,  to  Miss  Sarah  Esmond; 
she  was  born  at  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  May 
13,  1840,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Dr.  W. 
J  Esmond,  of  Ottawa,  111.;  they  have  had, 
t.hree  children,  but  one  of  whom  is  living 
viz. — Frederic  E.,  born  April  20,  1860; 
Esther  D..  born  Dec.  6,  1864,  died  Aug. 
26.  1869;  Newton  0.,  born  Jan.  25. 
1870,  died  Feb.  25,  1871.  Mr.  Woods 
principal  occupation  from  boyhood  has 
been  that  of  a  farmer,  and  he  now  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000.  He 
has  held  a  number  of  public  offices.  Their 
only  living  child  is  now  teaching  school  in 
their  own  district. 


UNION    TOWNSHIP. 


THOMAS  BROWN,  farmer,  Sec.  36  ;  ] 
P.  0.  Dwight  ;  was  born  in  County  of 
Antrim,  Ireland,  April  20,  1822,  where  he 
learned  the  trade  of  linen  weaving ;  he 
sailed  from  Belfast  March  3,  1849,  landing 
in  New  York  April  6.  locating  in  Living- 
ston, N.  Y.,  where  he  remained  until  1857, 
when  he  emigrated  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
La  Salle  Co.,  thence  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settling  where  he  now  resides  in  1869  ; 
he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Ellen  Culbert 
Dec.  24,  1851,  she  died  Jan.  23,  1855, 
leaving  two  children — James,  born  April 
23,  1852  ;  and  Thomas,  born  Aug.  6, 
1853.  On  Aug.  12,  1861,  he  married 
Miss  Elizabeth  Bailey,  of  La  Salle 
Co.,  111. ;  she  has  five  children — Rosa  J., 
born  Nov.  19,  1862  :  John,  born  Aug.  12,  | 
1865;  Mary  E.,  born  Sej.t.  12,  1868; 
Alexander,  born  Oct.  24,  1871  ;  Ellen  M., 
born  March  20,  1875. 

EDWARD  COLLINS,  farmer  and 
Town  Assessor,  Sec.  17;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was 
born  in  the  County  of  Roscommon,  Ireland, 
Feb.  19,  1819,  where  he  received  a  good  , 


education  ;  he  sailed  from  Liverpool  Aug 
3,  1844,  and  landed  in  New  York  Oct.  13; 
found  employment  at  book-keeping  with 
White  &  Co.,  grain  -dealers,  after  which 
he  went  into  Orange  Co.,  and  was  employed 
ed  on  a  farm  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1852, 
and  engaged  in  farming,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued  ;  settled  where  he  now  re- 
sides in  1864.  He  enlisted  in  the  Mexi- 
can war,  but  was  not  called  out.  He  came 
to  this  country  a  poor  man,  and  through 
economical  financiering  has  accumulated 
a  good  property  ;  he  owns  200  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Has  served  as 
Town  Commissioner  and  Collector  a  num- 
ber of  terms.  Married  Miss  Anna  Burk  of 
his  native  country,  June  30,  1846  ;  they 
have  eight  children — Patrick  B.,  Ellen 
(now  Mrs.  Bradley  of  Cornell),  Mary  A., 
teaching ;  Margaret,  at  home ;  James,  at 
home ;  Edward,  at  home ;  Sarah  Jane, 
teaching  ;  John  C.,  at  home. 

S.  T.  CALL,  farmer.  Sec.  24,  P.  0. 
Odell  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  17,  1841  ;  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Clinton,  where 


686 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


they  remained  five  years,  thence  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  where  he 
received  a  good  English  education.  He  en- 
listed in  the  6-ith  I.  V.  I.,  Yates  Sharp- 
shooters, Sept.,  1861 ;  was  in  a  number  of 
battles,  and  in  several  skirmishes ;  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Corinth  in  Oct., 
1862,  which  disabled  him  for  duty,  and  was 
discharged  in  February,  1863.  He  then 
returned  to  La  Salle  Co.,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1864  came  in  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  bought  land  where  he  now 
resides;  he  owns  320  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  S40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Phehe  Gallup  Oct.  14,  1865  ;  she  was  born 
in  Worcester  Co.,  Mass.,  June  28,  1849  ; 
they  are  parents  of  five  children — Edwin 
S.,  born  Dec.  31,  1866;  Hattie  P.,  born 
Feb.  1,  1869,  died  Sept.  22, 1873  ;  Evelyn 
L.,  born  May  17,  1871  ;  Ernest  L.,  born 
March  23, 1874  ;  Frank  W.,  born  Oct.  21, 
1876. 

WILLIAM  DALLY,  farmer  and  veteri- 
nary surgeon.  Sec.  33  ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton Co..  Penn.,  May  10,  1822 ;  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio, 
and  was  raised  a  farmer  ;  received  a  good 
common  English  education  ;  was  engaged 
at  freighting  on  the  river  between  Pitts- 
bursfh  and  New  Orleans  for  a  time,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Illinois,  first  locating 
in  Putnam  Co..  and  then  in  La  Salle  Co., 
thence  into  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now 
resides  ;  he  owns  1 60  acres  of  well  improved 
land.  He  married  Miss  Juanna  New- 
burn,  of  Pennsylvania,  March  23,  1843  : 
she  was  born  Aug.  31,  1818,  died  Oct.  18, 
1872.  leaving  six  children  living — Mary  C, 
born  March  29,  1844  ;  Lydie  E.,  born  Nov. 
1,  1845;  Anna,  born  Oct.  25,  1847; 
George  W.,  born  Sept.  11,  1849  ;  Harvey 
M.,  born  Nov.  28,  1854  ;  Willie  L.,  born 
Nov.  13,  1856.  He  married  Mrs.  Stone, 
of  Sandusky  City,  Ohio,  Oct.  18,  1873; 
she  was  born  April  10, 1826  ;  she  hasthree 
children — Rose  E.,  born  July  12,  1851  ; 
Anna  M.,  born  July  10,  1856  ;  Jay  M., 
born  Dec.  16,  1858. 

EDWARD  ESSINGTON,  farmer.  Sec. 
4 ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Lincolnshire, 
England,  March,  1815  ;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1854,  locating  in  Du  Page  Co., 
and  beo'an  farming,  which  he  has  con- 
tinned  up  to  the  present ;  he  came  into 
Livingston     Co.    in     186(),    and    bought 


eighty  acres  of  land,  where  he  now  resides, 
which  is  well  improved,  and  valued  at  $40 
per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Jane  War- 
rington, of  Upwell,  England,  April  17, 
1846;  she  was  born  March  14,  1823; 
they  are  parents  of  eight  children — Esther, 
born  Dec.  21,  1846  (now  Mrs.  Luce) ; 
Thomas,  born  Sept.  17,  1848  (now  re- 
sides in  Kansas)  ;  Sarah,  born  Se^.  19, 
1850  ;  George,  born,  Nov.  31,  1853;  John, 
born  Dec.  10,  1855  ;  Mary,  born  Dec.  21, 
1857  ;  Eliza,  born  Nov.  19,  1860  ;  Susan, 
born  April  16,  1864. 

JOHN  FERGUSON,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Odell ;  was  born  in  the  County  of  Mayo, 
Ireland,  Dec.  23, 1824  ;  came  to  the  United 
States  in  March,  1847,  and  in  the  following 
September  came  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
Will  Co.,  and  thence  to  Grundy  Co., 
where  he  located,  and  there  served  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  after  which  he  settled 
in  Joliet,  and  engaged  in  the  wood  busi- 
ness, and  being  a  good  financier,  met  with 
good  success.  He  has  held  a  number  of 
responsible  positions,  which  he  has  filled 
with  credit  and  honor  to  himself  and 
those  he  represented  ;  settled  where  he  now 
lives  in  1865  ;  he  owns  400  acres,  valued 
at  $45  per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Kath- 
erine  Hennessey,  April  4,  1858  ;  she  was 
born  May  28,  1830  ;  they  have  six  children 
living — Ellen,  born  in  Grundy  Co.,  March 
14,  1862;   Mariah,  born  in   Joliet,  June 

30,  1864;  Katie,  born  in  Livingston  Co., 
Sept.  18,  1866;  George  E.,born  in  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  May  4,  1868;  Francis  J., 
born  in  Livingston  Co.,  June  26,  1870  ; 
Peter    B.,  born  in   Livingston    Co.,  Aug. 

31,  1873. 

JOHN  FULTON,  farmer.  Sec.  22  ;  P. 
0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Barrickshire,  Scot- 
land, May  20,  1810  ;  his  early  life  was 
spent  in  Scotland  in  the  capacity  of  a 
farmer;  he  came  to  this  country  in  1854, 
locating  in  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1862,  when  he  came  into 
Livingston  Co.  ;  he  bought  and  settled  on 
the  farm  where  he  now  resides,  in  1867, 
which  consists  of  160  acres,  which  is 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  has  held  the 
office  of  Town  Treasurer  a  number  of 
years ;  also  Road  Commissioner ;  he  has 
accumulated  his  property  since  he  came 
to  this  country.  He  married  Miss  Jane 
Hood,  of  his  native  country,  Nov.  29, 
1832;  she  was  born  April  28,  1807  ;  they 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


687 


have   eight  cliildren — Agnes,   born    Feb.  | 
18,   1834    (now  ^Irs.    Hinsh) ;    William,   i 
born  July    8,  1835  ;   Isabel,  born   March 
12,    1837;  died  Sept.  11,  1858;    Sarah,  I 
born  Dec.  29,  18-10  (^now  Mrs.  Mackson) ; 
Thomas,    born    May    20,    1843,    died  an 
infant;   Margaret,    born    June     24,    1845 
(now  Mrs.  Hargrave)  ;  Mary,   b(irn    Jan. 
2G,  1850  (now  Mrs.  Potter). 

EMMONS  GOSS,  farmer  and  stock  ! 
raiser,  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  D wight  ;  was  born  ; 
in  Danville,  Maine,  Nov.  20,  1832;  dur- 
ing his  early  life  he  learned  the  trade  of  a 
blacksmith,  and  was  a  stationary  engineer 
for  a  number  of  years.  He  married  Miss 
Cynthia  Getehell,  of  Somersiit  Co., 
Maine,  Nov.  30,  1854  ;  they  emigrated  to 
Illinois  in  1851,  locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  t 
and  there  began  farming,  which  he  has 
since  followed ;  he  came  into  Livingston 
Co.  in  the  Spring  of  18G4,  without  means, 
but  with  a  firm  mind  and  a  determined 
will,  and  through  his  energy  has  ac- 
cumulated, until  he  has  eighty  acres  of 
well-improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
He  has  served  as  School  Director  a  num- 
ber of  years ;  lie  has  a  family  of  five  chil- 
dren— Mary  O.,  born  in  Danville,  Maine, 
Oct.  5,  1856 ;  Henry  C,  born  in  Serena, 
111.,  Feb.  23,  1859  ;  died  March  9,  1863  ; 
Nellie  L.,  born  in  Livingston  Co.,  March 
3,  1865  ;  Charlie,  born  in  Livingston  Co., 
April  1,1866;  Freddie,  born  in  Living- 
ston Co.,  Feb.  23,  1870. 

J.  A.  HOOVER,  farmer.  Sec.  16  ;  P. 
0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Blair  Co.,  Penn., 
June  4,  1840  ;  at  the  age  of  7  years,  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Lawrence  Co., 
Ohio,  where  he  was  employed  by  Gen.  0. 
M.  Mitchell  as  a  dry  goods  clerk,  and  re- 
mained until  Aug.  1861,  when  he  enlisted 
in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion,  with  the 
2d  Va.  V.  C.  as  a  private,  and  was  soon 
promoted  to  Second  Lieut.,  and  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  war  served  as  Quarter- 
master ;  was  in  a  number  of  severe  battles; 
was  wounded  at  Wytheville,  Va.  ;  was 
mustered  out  in  the  Spring  of  1865  ;  then 
he  returned  to  Ohio,  thence  to  Illinois,  lo- 
cating where  he  now  resides  ;  he  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  ht  $40  per  acre.  He 
married  Miss  Etta  E.  Tucker,  of  Ottawa, 
111.,  May  7,  1867  ;  she  was  born  at  Pekin, 
111.,  AuiT.  2,  1847. 

W.  A.  HUTCHINS,  farmer,  Sec.  32  ; 
P.  0.  Odell;  was  born  in  Devonshire,  Eng., 


Nov.  20,  1836;  came  to  this  country  in 
1852,  locating  in  Genesee  Co..  N.  Y.,  and 
there  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits ;  he 
removed  to  Van  Buren  Co.,  Mich.,  thence 
to  Illinois,  stopping  in  Kendall  Co.  for  a 
time,  thence  to  Livingston  Co.,  settling 
where  he  now  resides ;  he  improved  1 60 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
has  held  a  number  of  town  offices,  and  is 
at  present  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  he  is  a 
good  financier  and  an  industrious  man;  he 
has  accumulated  his  property  since  he  came 
to  this  State.  He  married  Elizabeth  Skin- 
ner, of  Kendall  Co.,  Dec.  31,  1860;  she 
was  born  Nov.  29,  1842  ;  they  are  parents 
of  two  children— Nellie  M.,  born  May  25, 
1863  ;  Lillie  G.,  born  Nov.  25,  1866! 

SAMUEL  HOKE,  farmer.  Sec.  17  ;  P. 
0.  Odell ;  is  a  pioneer  of  this  town  ;  was 
born  in  Bedford  Co.,  Penn,,  April  24, 
1827  ;  at  the  age  of  17  years,  he  went  to 
Chambersburg  and  there  learned  the  trade 
of  a  painter,  and  followed  it  with  success 
while  living  in  Pennsylvania ;  he  was 
Deputy  Sheriff  of  Blair  Co.  a  number  of 
years;  emigrated  to  Illinois  in  1859,  lo- 
cating at  Dwight,  and  engaged  in  the  fur- 
niture business ;  he  settled  on  the 
farm  where  he  now  resides  in  1859,  •  and 
has  improved  400  acres  of  land,  which  is 
valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Laura  Kenney,  of  Pennsylvania,  April  18, 
1850  ;  she  was  born  in  Martinsburg,  Nov. 
22,  1831  ;  they  are  parents  of  seven  chil- 
dren— Alexander  K.,  born  Sept.  16,  1851 , 

I  farmer  and  teacher  ;  Maggie  H.,  born  Jan. 
8,  1854  ( now  Mrs.  Houchen)  ;  WiUiam  E., 
born    Oct.    2,  1856,  at   Lincoln  College 
Charles  H.,  born  June  28,   1860,  farmer 
George  K.,  born  Deo.   17,   1862,   farmer 
Samuel    L.,   born    July    8,    1867;  Frank 
Lincoln,  born  Nov.  10,  1871. 

JAMES  HAMILTON,  farmer,  Sec.  12 ; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Lanrickshire, 
Scotland,  Jan.  1,  1833;  his  j)arents  died 
when  he  was  quite  young,  leaving  him  to 
battle  with  the  world  without  parental  ad- 
vice ;  he  came  to  this  country  in  1855,  lo- 

[  eating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  and  began  car- 
pentering, which  he  followed  but  a  short 
time,  and  began  farming,  which  he  has  con- 

;  tinued  in;  he  came  into  Livingston  Co.  in 

i  1862,  locating  at  his  present  place  of  resi- 
dence ;  he  has  been  a  very  industrious  and 
economical  man,  and  has  accumulated  his 
property  since  he  came  to  this  country  ;  he 


♦>88 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


aiisisted  in  organizing  his  town  and  estab- 
lishing schools,  and  has  been  an  active 
worker  for  the  good  of  his  town,  and  is 
much  respected.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Ann  Edgcomb,  of  La  Salle  Co.,  Dec.  2-4, 
1869  ;  she  was  born  Dec.  23.  18-tl  ;  they 
are  parents  of  four  children — Wills,  born 
Oct.  13, 1869  ;  James,  born  Sept.  24, 1871 ; 
John,  born  Feb.  15,  1873.  He  owns  420 
acres  of  well-improved  land,  valued  at  S45 
per  acre. 

T.  JONES,  farmer.  Sec.  30;  P.  0. 
Odell ;  was  born  in  North  Wales,  England, 
March  27,  1812 ;  he  came  to  this  country 
in  1836,  locating  in  Connecticut,  and 
there  married  Miss  Sarah  Lewis,  of  his 
native  country,  Feb.  27,  1837  ;  .she  was 
born  April  21,  1804  ;  they  emigrated  to 
this  State  in  1838,  settling  in  Tazewell 
Co.,  where  he  bought  and  improved  a 
farm ;  settled  where  he  now  resides  in 
1867  ;  he  owns  305  acres  of  well-improved  ; 
land  ;  he  came  to  this  country  a  poor  man, 
and  through  his  industry  and  economy  has 
accumulated  a  good  property,  and  is  a 
well-to-do  and  much-respected  citizen ; 
they  are  parents  of  five  children — Thomas 
L.,  born  Feb.  2,  1836  (farmer);  Mary  E., 
born  Jan.  20,  1840  (now  Mrs.  Hodson, 
residing  in  Kansas);  Edwin  F.,  born 
March  6,  1843  (farmer);  John  A.,  born 
March  1,  1845  (farmer) ;  George  F.,  born 
Jan.  20,  1847  (farmer). 

RICHARD  JUDGE,  farmer.  Sec.  5; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  the  county  of 
West  Maid,  Ireland,  Jao.  12,  1810,  where 
he  received  a  good  education.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Mary  Gowen,  of  his  native 
place,  Jan.  15,  1829;  she  was  born  in 
1819.  They  came  to  this  country  in 
1842,  locating  in  Burlington,  Vt.,  where 
he  acted  as  Superintendent  of  the  Female 
Seminary,  which  position  he  filled  five 
years,  after  which  he  removed  to  Oswego, 
N.  Y.,  where  he  had  charge  of  a  cotton 
wadding  manufacturing  establishment  until 
it  was  destroyed  by  fire,  after  which  he 
removed  to  Ottawa,  111.,  and  engaged  in 
contracting  and  building,  in  which  he  was 
quite  successful ;  thence  to  Kendall  Co., 
and  began  farming ;  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  and  bought  a  farm,  where  he  now 
resides,  of  240  acres,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre ;  he  is  a  successful  financier,  and  a 
much-respected  citizen ;  has  a  family  of 
eight  children — Ann,  born  Feb.  6,  1841 ; 


Maria,  born  Aug.  13,  1843  ;  James,  born 
July  13,  1845  ;"  John,  born  Aug.  6,  1847  ; 
Richard,  born  Sept.  26,  1849  ;  Thomas, 
born  Feb.  15,  1851  ;  Christopher,  born 
Aug.  14,  1853;  Eliza,  born  Sept.  21, 
1855. 

WARD  KING,  farmer.  Sec.  12 ;  P.  0. 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Coldwater,  Mich., 
Oct.  20,  1849  ;  while  young  removed  with 
his  parents  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111. ;  he  learned 
the  trade  of  a  blacksmith,  and  afterward 
engaged  in  mining ;  during  the  late  war 
was  employed  on  the  Decatur  Pilot,  a  ves- 
sel that  plied  between  St.  Louis  and  Big 
Bend,  transferring  soldiers  and  carrying 
supplies,  after  which  he  returned.  He 
married  Miss  Margaret  J.  Wauchope  Feb. 
11,  1874;  she  was  born  Jan.  29,  1858; 
was  the  youngest  daughter  of  S.  D.  Wau- 
chope, a  wealthy  pioneer  of  La  Salle  Co., 
who  came  to  this  country  a  poor  man,  and 
through  his  energy  and  industry  accumu- 
lated a  good  property ;  he  was  born  near 
Belfast,  Ireland,  April  18,  1809,  and  died 
Dec.  14,  1870  ;  he  left  a  family  of  eight 
children.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  King  settled 
where  they  now  reside  in  1857.  They 
own  120  acres  of  well-improved  land,  val- 
ued at  $40  per  acre.  They  are  parents  of 
one  child — Clarence  A.,  born  Aug.  21, 
1877. 

JOHN  LUKE,  farmer  and  stock  raiser. 
Sec.  19 ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  is  a  native  of  Ire- 
land ;  was  born  in  the  County  of  Antrim 
j  Sept.  23,  1823,  and  on  Dec.  24,  1844,  he 
I  married  Miss  Esther  Gault.  They  came 
to  the  United  States  in  1845,  locating  in 
Richmond  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and  there  found 
employment  as  a  farm  laborer,  where  he 
■  remained  until  1856;  then  he  removed  ito 
Jones  Co.,  Iowa,  and  there  began  farming 
for  himself;  he  came  and  settled  where  he 
now  resides  and  began  improving  in  1866  ; 
his  farm  consists  of  206  acres,  which  is 
well  improved.  He  came  to  this  counti-y 
without  capital,  and  through  his  industry 
and  economy  has  accumulated  a  good 
property ;  has  a  family  of  five  children — 
Elizabeth  ( now  Mrs.  Guppy ).  James,  3Iary 
J.,  Hugh  H.,  John  W. 

A.  McMEANS,  farmer.  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0. 
I   Dwight ;  was  born  in  the  county  of  Tyrone, 
I  Ireland,  May  12,  1806  ;  he  sailed  from  Bel- 
fast May  10,  1820,  and  landed  in  Quebec 
[  July   9 ;  he  located  in  Philadelphia,  and 
engaged  as  a  clerk  in  the  grocery  business, 


UNION   TOWNSHIP. 


689 


and  in  1838  began  business  in  PortsmDutb, 
Ohio,  thence  to  Wheeling,  Va.,  and  there 
established  himself  in  the  grocery  business, 
and  followed  it  until  I860,  when  he  came 
to  Illinois,  locating  where  he  now  resides  ; 
he  owns  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S40 
per  acre ;  he  has  held  a  number  of  town- 
ship offices,  and  is  a  much  respected  citizen. 
He  married  Miss  Eliza  Haddeu,  of  his 
native  county,  Oct.  27,  1842;  she  died 
May  13,  1859,  and  in  July,  1860,  he 
married  Mrs.  Shannon,  of  Belmont  Co., 
Ohio;  she  died  Oct.  23,  1864;  then  he 
married  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gault,  of  Morris, 
Iir.,  May  9,  1867 ;  he  has  four  children 
living — Alexander,  born  Oct.  8,  1845  ; 
Hannah,  born  June  5,  1850 ;  Mary,  born 
Sept.  20,  1852;  William,  born  Feb.  25, 
1855. 

JAMES  TELFORD,  farmer,  Sec.  11 ;  ' 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Durham 
Co..  Eng.,  May  7,  1831  ;  he  came  to  ihis 
country  in  1855,  locating  in  La  Salle  Co., 
111.,  where  he  found  employment  as  a 
farmer ;  he  came  into  Livingston  Co.  in 
1862,  and  bought  land  where  he  now 
resides  ;  he  came  to  this  country  a  poor 
man,  and  through  his  industry  and  energy 
has  accumulated  a  good  property,  and  now 
-owns  220  acres  of  well-improved  land, 
valued  at  S40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Jennett  Scott,  of  La  Salle  Co.,  March  4, 
1857  ;  they  have  a  family  of  nine  children 
— William,  Jane,  James,  George  R.,  Rob- 
ert, John,  Henry,  Charles,  Lincoln.  Mr. 
Telford  assisted  in  organizing  his  town ; 
also  in  establishing  schools,  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  all  public  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  interests  of  his  town,  and  is  a 
much-respected  citizen. 

W.  E.  THOMPSON,  farmer,  Sec.  3  ; 
P.  0.  Dwight  ;  a  pioneer  of  the 
town  ;  was  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  10,  1838,  where  he  received  a 
good  English  education  ;  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  1857,  locating  where  he  now  resides, 
and  began  farming.  He  enlisted  in  the 
late  war  of  the  rebellion  in  August,  1862, 
with  the  129th  I.  V.  I.;  was  in  twelve 
heavy  battles  and  a  numl)er  of  severe 
skirmishes,  through  which  he  passed  with- 
out a  scratch ;  was  mustered  out  June 
20.1865.  He  then  returned  to  Livingston 
Co.  and  began  business  on  his  farm,  which 
consists  of  160  acres  of  well  improved 
land,   valued  at   §40   per    acre.     He    has 


held  a  number  of  township  offices,  and 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  interest  of  his  town.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Maggie  Buchanan,  of  his  native 
county,  Feb.  25,  1870  ;  she  was  born  June 
24,  1839  ;  they  are  parents  of  three  chil- 
dren—Mary M.,  born  March  19,  1871 ; 
Lidella,  June  11,  1873,  and  Bertha  J., 
Jan.  16,  1876. 

MRS.  MARGARET  WYLLIE,  farm- 
ing. Sees.  11, 12,  1  and  2  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ; 
was  born  in  Landrickshire,  Scotland,  Jan. 
1,  1837  ;  she  came  to  this  country  in 
1857,  locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  and  Jan. 
27,  1858,  married  Mr.  John  Wyllie,  of 
Scotland  ;  he  was  born  Dec.  9,  1811,  and 
died  Dec.  29,  1873,  leaving  a  family  of 
five  children — William,  born  Nov.  5, 1858 ; 
John,  Oct.  2,  1860  ;  James  H.,  Sept.  27, 
1862  ;  Jane  M.,  Sept.  3,  1864  ;  David  G., 
Jan.  27,  1867  ;  Mary,  Dec.  26,  1869, 
died  Sept.  28,  1873 ;  Mary  (adopted), 
March  18,  1873.  Mr.  Wyllie  was  a  man 
of  good  education,  and  was  much  respected 
by  all  who  knew  him  ;  he  left  to  his  family 
a  good  property,  the  residence  being  one 
of  the  best  in  this  part  of  the  county, 
and  abjut  1,200  acres  of  well-improved 
land 

ROBERT  WALKER,  farmer,  Sec.  24; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Dumfrieshire, 
Scotland,  May  2,  1826 ;  came  to  this 
country  in  1850, locating  in  Alban}',  N.Y.; 
thence  to  Great  ^'alley,  where  he  married 
Miss  Lydia  Matthewson  Dec.  10,  1853  ; 
she  was  born  Feb.  1,  1824;  they  emi- 
sn-ated  to  Illinois  in  1856.  locatino;  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming ;  he  came 
to  Living.ston  Co.  in  1865,  and  bought  and 
began  improving  the  farm  where  he  now 
lives,  which  consists  of  160  acres,  well- 
improved,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  he  has 
always  taken  an  active  part  in  all  public 
matters  pertaining  to  the  interests  of  his 
town,  and  is  an  industrious,  energetic  man, 
who  has  accumulated  a  good  property ;  they 
have  a  family  of  three  children — Mary  P., 
born  May  25,  1855  ;  Lydia  E.,  Sept.  3, 
1856;  Robert  J.,  March  12,  1861. 

T.  J.  WAUCHOPE,  former,  Sec.  12; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  La  Salle  Co., 
111.,  Nov.  16,  1846;  his' early  life  was 
spent  with  his  parents  upon  the  farui,at- 
tending  school  Winters  and  working  on  the 
farm  Summers  ;  he  removed  with  hia 
parents  into  Livingston  Co.  in  1863,  locat- 


690 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES; 


ing  where  he  now  resides ;  he  owns  200 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
married  Miss  Lizzie  Glass,  of  Ottawa,  111., 
Oct.  16, 1870;  she  was  born  in  Alleghany 
Co.,  Md.,  Oct.  3,  1840 ;  they  are  parents 
of  three  children — Mabel  M.,  born  April 
8,  1872;  Leroy  J.,  Feb.  17,  1874;  Hen- 
rietta, June  11,  1878.  Mr.  Wauchope 
has  acted  as  School  Director  and  Road 
Commissioner  a  number  of  terms,  and  is 
much  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

D.  B.  WALKER,  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell ; 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Taunton,  Mass.,  Sept.  21,  1838,  where  he 
remained  until  1866,  when  he  came 
to  Illinois,  locating  in  Livingston  Co.;  he 
bought  and  settled  upon  the  land  where  he 


now  resides  in  1868  ;  he  owns  240  acres 
of  well  improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre.  He  has  served  in  a  number  of  town- 
ship offices,  and  is  much  thought  of  by  all 
who  know  him.  He  married  Miss  Lydia 
Morse,  of  Rehoboth,  Mass.,  Feb.  12, 1865  ; 
she  was  born  Feb.  24,  1838  ;  they  have 
eight  children — Herbert  D.,  George,  Ed- 
ward M.,  William  L.,  Emily  M.,  Mariah 
L.,  Mason  B.,  Clara  E.  F.  Mr.  Walker 
enlisted  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion, 
with  the  4th  Mass.  Regt.,  in  the  Fall  of 
1862  ;  was  in  a  number  of  heavy  battles 
and  skirmishes,  through  which  he  passed 
without  a  scratch ;  was  mustered  out '  in 
July,  1863. 


ROUND    GROVE    TOWNSHIP. 


JAMES  H.  BEATTY,  farmer.  Sec. 
36  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Loudon 
Co..  Va.,  May  12,  1845  ;  at  the  age  of 
17  he  enlisted  in  the  late  war  of  the  re- 
bellion, with  the  Loudon  Rangers,  which 
was  an  independent  company,  and  con- 
trolled wholly  by  the  Secretary  of  War  ; 
during  his  scouting  he  was  in  a  great  many 
severe  engagements,  among  which  were 
sccuts  known  as  the  Mosby  Guerillas,  and 
was  wounded  at  Charleston,  Va. ;  also  a 
slight  wound  at  Leesburg;  he  entered 
the  service  in  July,  1862,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  in  June,  1865  ;  then  returned  to 
Loudon  Co.,  and  in  1867  emigrated  to 
Illinois,  locating  where  he  now  resides ; 
owns  160  acres  of  well-improved  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre,  and  is  a  suc- 
cessful financier.  He  married  Miss  Betsy 
Broughton,  of  Essex  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 
13,  1868;  she  was  born  Aug.  5,  1840; 
they  are  parents  of  one  child,  Franklin, 
born  Nov.  1,  1869  ;  died  in  infoney. 

ROBERT  BLAIR,  farmer.  Sec.  24  ; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  County  Derry, 
Ireland,  in  1833;  he  came  to  this  country  in 
1 852,  locating  in  Philadelphia;  there  learned 
and  followed  the  trade  of  ingrain-carpet 
weaving,  for  seven  years,  then  removed 
to  DeKalb  Co.,  111.,  where  he  remained 
until  1870,  at  which  time  he  removed  into 
Livingston  Co.,  settling  where  he  now  re- 


sides. He  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $40  per  acre,  but  farms  240  acres. 
He  married  Miss  Elizabeth  Glann,  of  his 
native  county,  Nov.  18,  1856  ;  she  was 
born  in  1832;  they  have  nine  children 
living — Robert  J.,  born  April  15,  1858  ; 
Nancy  J.,  born  Feb.  2,  1860  ;  Mary  E., 
born  Sept.  7,  1862;  Burthie  S.,  born 
March  7,  1863  ;  Joseph,  born  March  15, 
1865;  Andrew,  born  Feb.  15,  1867  ; 
Clarissa,  born  Aug.  5,  1869  ;  James,  born 
Dec.  2,  1874;  William,  born  March 
20,  1876. 

SAMUEL  CASEMENT,  farmer,  Sec. 
21  and  28 ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in 
County  Down,  Ireland,  Feb.  26,  1826  ; 
in  1845  he  removed  to  Canada  West,  near 
Hamilton,  where  he  began  farming,  which 
he  has  continued  in  up  to  the  present ;  he 
bought  and  improved  100  acres  of  land  in 
Canada,  after  which  he  traded  it  for  400 
acres  in  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  came  and 
settled  upon  it  in  1868 ;  he  now  owns  240 
acres  of  well-improved  land.  He  has 
served  as  School  Director  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  at  present  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
He  married  Miss  Ann  Jane  Brecken- 
ridge,  of  his  native  country,  March  11, 
1850;  she  was  born  July  12,  1829; 
they  are  parents  of  thirteen  children — 
James  H.,  Elizabeth,  Sarah  Jane,  Robert 
E.,    Samuel    A.,    Anna,     Mary,    Freddie, 


ROUND  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


691 


Willie,  Thomas,  Linnie.  Luella  and 
Nellie. 

PHILIP  CLOVER,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sees.  2  and  ii  ;  P.  0.  Gardner ;  is  a 
pioneer  of  this  county  ;  he  was  born  in 
Vermillion  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  26,  1829;  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Illinois  in  18-44, 
locating  in  Grundy  Co. ;  at  the  age  of  21, 
he  began  for  himself  with  no  means  but 
his  hands  and  a  firm  will,  and  through  his 
energy,  industry  and  economy  has  ac- 
cumulated a  good  property  ;  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.  in  1852,  and  has  assisted 
in  all  public  matters  pertaining  to  the  in- 
terest of  the  town.  He  owns  350  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S-4(i  per  acre,  upon  which 
is  a  grove  of  about  forty  acres,  and  a  fine 
residence.  He  married  Miss  Arvilla  Cur- 
rier, of  Mercer  Co.,  Penn.,  March  15, 
1850  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  2,  1834  ;  they 
are  parents  of  six  children — Emerson  J., 
born  Dec.  12,  1854  ;  Sarah  J.,  born  Sept. 

14,  1856 ;  Amos  W.,  born  May  3,  1858  ; 
Elmer  E.,  born  March  7,  1860  ;'  Lewis  P., 
born  Oct.  19,  1863  ;  Flora  E.,  born  Nov, 
16,  1868. 

PETER  ELDRED,  farmer,  Sec.  10  ; 
P.  0.  Gardner  ;  was  born  in  Otsego  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  21,  1836;  at  the  age' of  13, 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Illinois,  lo- 
cating in  Kendall  Co.,  where  he  remained 
about  eight  years  ;  he  came  into  Livings- 
ton Co.  in  1856,  locating  on  the  farm  where 
he  now  resides,  which  consists  of  197  acres, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  farming  has  been 
his  principal  business  thus  far  through  life. 
He  married  Miss  Nancy  A.  Pratt,  of  Mich- 
igan, in  March,  1861  ;  she  was  born  April 
3,  1839 ;  they  have  five  children — Elga, 
born  April  5,  1862,  died  Sept.  8,  1862  ; 
James  H.,  born   May  2,   1863,  died  Oct. 

15,  1867  :  Freddie  E.,  born  July  14, 
1867;  Robert  B.,  born  May  1, 1869  ;  Phebe 
C,  born  Dec.  4,  1874.  Mr.  Eldred  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the  town,  and  is 
much  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

JESSE  ELDRED,  farmer.  Sec.  3 ;  P. 
0.  Gardner ;  was  born  in  Otsego  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  June  25,  1834  ;  removed  with  his  par- 
ents in  1848  to  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming,  which  he  has  fol- 
lowed ever  since  ;  he  came  into  Livingston 
Co.,  in  1856,  locating  where  he  now  re- 
sides;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  which  is 
valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  he  is  the  present 
School  Trustee  of  Round  Grove  Tp.     He 


married  Miss  Charlotte  Betsy  Potter,  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  Feb.  25,  1862  ;  she  was 
born  Oct.  7,  1836  ;  they  are  the  parents  of 
four  children — Mary  C,  born  March  4, 
1864;  Lantie  J.,  born  Feb.  25,  1870; 
Minnie  P.;  born  Sept.  20,  1872  ;  Stephen 
R.,  born  Nov.  3, 1874  ;  Francis  A.  (adopt- 
ed), born  Aug.  18,  1862.  Mr.  Eldred  is 
a  pioneer  of  this  town,  and  has  assisted  in 
all  public  matters  of  his  town  ;  has  accu- 
mulated a  good  property,  and  is  much  re- 
spected 

ALEX.  GRANT,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  12;  P.  0.  D wight ;  was  born 
in  Banffshire,  Scotland,  Feb.  21,  1822; 
during  his  early  life,  he  learned  the  trade 
of  carpenter  and  joiner ;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1852,  locating  in  Joliet,  where 
he  engaged  at  contracting  and  building,  in 


which  he  met  with  good  success,   Dems:  a 


finished  mechanic  ;  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1861,  and  purchased  160  acres  of 
land  where  he  now  resides ;  he  owns  273 
acres  of  land,  which  is  valued  at  $40  per 
acre ;  ho  has  served  as  School  Director  for 
a  number  of  years,  and  is  a  well-to-do  and 
a  much  respected  citizen.  He  married 
Miss  Katie  Lenard,  of  Joliet,  May  11, 
1861  ;  she  was  born  May   1,  1843. 

JOHN  GAHAN,  farmer,  Sec.  34  ;  P. 
0.  D wight ;  was  born  in  Wexford  Co., 
Ireland,  April  23,  1829  ;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1852,  locating  in  Genesee  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  there  began  farming,  which  he 
has  followed  ever  since ;  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  1860,  locating  where  he 
now  resides ;  he  came  to  this  country  a 
poor  but  honest,  industrious  man,  and 
through  his  energy  has  acccmulated  a  good 
property ;  he  owns  320  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre;  he 
has  served  as  School  Director  and  Road 
Commissioner,  a  number  of  terms.  Mar- 
ried Miss  Ellen  Murphy,  of  his  native 
county,  Oct.  23,  1854  ;  she  was  born  Sept. 
23,  1828  ;  they  are  parents  of  ten  children 
— Mary  Ann,  born  July  24,  1856  ;  John, 
born  Nov.  29,  1857,  died  June  13,  1878 ; 
Anastasia,  born  May  14,  1859  ;  Daniel  J., 
born  Sept.  28,  1861,  died  Oct.  13.  1861  ; 
Ellen,  born  Feb.  14,  1862;  David  D., 
born  Oct.  23,  1864,  died  Sept  23,  1865  ; 
Dora,  born  March  1, 1865  ;  David  P.,  born 
June  27,  1868,  died  Jan.  2,  1870  ;  Eliza- 
beth, born  May  10,  1870,  died  Oct.  16, 
1870  ;  Elizabeth,  born  May  14,  1871. 


692 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


HENRY  JBFFERS,  farmer,  Sec.  34; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Herkimer  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  1,  1822  ;  he  removed  while 
young  with  his  parents  to  JeiFerson  Co., 
where  he  remained  until  1853,  when  he 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  where  he  now  re- 
sides, at  which  time  there  were  but  few  set- 
tlers in  the  town.  Mr.  Jeffers  has  been  an 
active  worker  for  the  public  good  of  his 
town ;  has  held  a  number  of  town  offices, 
and  is  a  much  respected  citizen.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Pamelia  Johnson  of  Jefferson  Co., 
N  Y.,  Dec.  8,  1846  ;  she  died  April  26, 
1871,  leaving  eight  children — Marion,  born 
June  28,  1848;  Alwilda,  born  April  22, 
1850,  deceased;  Eleanor,  born  Feb.  9, 
1852  ;  Wallace,  born  Feb.  25,  1854  ;  Helen, 
born  April  10,  1858  ;  Walter,  born  July 
18.  1860;  Wellington,  born  Oct.  19, 
1862  ;  La  Fayette,  born  Nov.  9,  1865. 

CHARLES  JOHNSON,  farmer.  Sec. 
24 ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  is  a  pioneer  of  this 
town ;  was  born  in  Williamstown,  Mass., 
Oct.  9,  1 803 ;  he  I'emoved  with  his  parents 
into  Jefferson  Co.,  where  he  was  raised  ;  he 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  where  he  now  re- 
sides in  1856,  at  which  time  there  were 
but  few  settlers  in  the  town.  He  has  been 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  School  Director,  and 
Road  Commissioner  for  a  number  of  years. 
He  married  Miss  Nancy  Waters  Jan., 
1824  ;  she  died  April  18,  1860,  leaving 
twelve  children — Charles,  deceased  ;  Jane, 
deceased ;  Lucy,  deceased ;  Amelia,  de- 
ceased ;  Eliza,  deceased  ;  Mary,  deceased  ; 
Harriett  and  Harrison,  Sophrona,  Matilda, 
George,  William.  Mr.  Johnson  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre. 

JAMES  KELLY,  farmer.  Sec.  24  ;  P. 
0.  Dwight;  was  born  in  County  Down, 
Ireland,  Jan.  1,  1834;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1860,  at  which  time  he  had  no 
property,  but  with  willing  hands  and  a  de- 
termined mind,  has  battled  with  the  hard- 
.ship.s  of  a  new  country,  and  is  meeting 
with  good  success,  and  is  a  much  respected 
citizen ;  he  located  where  he  now  resides 
in  1866  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Deborah 
McCully,  of  his  native  country,  Sept.  27, 
1859;  she  was  born  May  31,  1833;  they 
have  nine  children — William  H.,  born 
Sept.  27,  1861  ;  James  S.,  born  Dec.  15; 
1862  ;  Eliza  J.,  born  Dec.  23,  1863  ;  Sam- 
uel J.,  born  Sept.  27,  1865  ;  Anna  M., 
born  Sept.  16,  1867  ;  Edward,  born  April 


3,  1869  ;  Sarah  I.,  born  Nov.  19,  1871  ' 
Joseph,  born  Nov.  15,  1873  ;  Charles  H., 
born  Nov.  21,  1377. 

EDWIN  LATHROP,  farmer.  Sec.  22  ; 
P.  0.  Dwight  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Mass.,  March  31,  1831  ;  his  early  life  was 
spent  on  the  farm  with  his  parents,  wh^re 
he  received  a  good  education  ;  at  the  age 
of  22  years,  he  went  into  Franklin  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  and  taught  school  for  a  time,  and  then 
returned  and  engaged  with  Lamson,  Good- 
no  w  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of  cutlery;  in 
1855,  he  came  to  Illinois  and  located  in 
Bureau  Co.,  and  there  farmed  Summers, 
and  taught  school  Winters,  until  1857, 
when  he  came  into  Livingston  Co.,  and 
taught  school  two  Winters  in  Dwight,  after 
which  he  settled  upon  his  farm,  which 
consists  of  160  acres,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre  ;  Mr.  Lathrop  was  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  this  township,  and  has  done 
much  toward  establishing  schools,  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  public  matters 
pertaining  to  the  interests  of  his  town  ;  he 
is  an  enterprising  and  much  respected  citi- 
zen. Married  Miss  Ann  E.  Henry  of 
Franklin  Co.,  Mass.,  March  2,  1853  she 
was  born  Sept.  23,  1831 ;  they  have  two 
children — Abbie  E.  C,  born  June  23, 
1867;  Charles  E.,  born  Aug.  11,  1869. 

J.  W.  LISTER,  farmer  and  stock  raiser, 
Sec.  16;  P.  0.  Dwight;  was  born  in  New 
Castle  Co.,  Del.,  Oct.  24, 1820  ;  at  the  age 
of  17  was  apprenticed  to  the  boot  and  shoe 
trade,  which  he  followed  as  his  business ; 
he  came  to  Illinois  in  1847,  locating  in 
Peru  and  there  engaged  at  his  trade  ;  came 
to  Livingston  Co.  in  March,  1868,  locate 
ing  where  he  now  resides  and  engaged  in 
farming;  he  owns  160  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $  10  per  acre.  Is  Township  Super- 
visor, and  has  always  taken  an  active  part 
in  all  public  matters  pertaining  to  the  in- 
terests of  his  town  and  is  a  much  respected 
citizen ;  has  a  good  residence  and  a  well- 
watered  stock  farm.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  I.  Bowers,  of  Del.,  March  27,  1845; 
she  was  born  April  22,  1821  ;  they  are 
parents  of  ten  children — William  H.,  born 
March  4,  1846 ;  he  enlisted  in  the  late 
war  of  the  rebellion  with  the  14th  I.  V. 
C,  Co.  I;  James  W.,  born  March  31, 
1848;  Edgar  B.,  born  Oct.  28,  1849, 
died  June  14,  1852;  Albert  C.,  born  Sept. 
21,  1851;  Ida  B.,  born  Nov.  4,  1853; 
Edgar,  born   Feb.   18,   1856;    Mary  E. 


ROUND   GROVE   TOWNSHIP. 


603 


born  July  T,  1858;  Clarence,  born  Aug. 
20,  1860;  Lambert,  born  April  15,  18C3; 
Eutrene.  born  Dec.  12,  18G5. 

GEORGE  MAXON.  farmer  and  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Dwight; 
is  a  pioneer  of  this  town ;  was  born  in 
Richburg.  Allegany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  8, 
1833,  where  he  remained  with  his  parents 
and  received  a  good  common  school  educa- 
tion ;  in  1S55  went  into  Elk  Co.  and 
taught  school.  Feb.  17,  1856,  he  married 
Miss  Adelma  I.  Brockway,  daughter  of 
Dr.  V.  S.  Brockway  of  Caledonia ;  she 
was  born  May  28,  1835  ;  after  this  he 
returned  to  Richburg  for  a  short  time, 
thence  to  Wisconsin,  where  he  engaged  in 
farming;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1861,  and 
in  1863  located  in  Livingston  Co.;  bought 
the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  1868 ; 
ho  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre.  He  holds  the  office  of  Justice 
of  the  Peace  and  School  Trustee,  and  has 
been  Supervisor  S3veral  terms  ;  has  assisted 
in  establishing  schools  and  taken  an  active 
I»art  in  all  public  interests  of  his  town,  and 
is  a  much  respected  citizen.  They  have 
six  children — Ida  F.  (now  Mrs.  Maiato), 
Cora  A.,  Irena  S.,  George  E.,  Henry  0., 
Clinton  W. 

BERNARD  0  REILLY,  farmer.  Sec. 
11;  P.  0.  Gardner;  was  born  in  the 
County  of  Cavan,  Ireland,  March  20, 1836; 
at  the  age  of  16  he  came  to  this  country, 
stopping  at  Uxb ridge,  Mass.,  where  he 
found  employment  in  a  satinet  factory 
and  remained  there  until  1856,  when  he 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  at  Odell,  and 
began  farming ;  in  1857  bought  land 
where  he  now  resides  and  settled  upon  it 
ID  1863 ;  he  owns  200  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ;  Mr. 
O'Reilly  began  in  this  country  with  noth- 
ing (in  the  way  of  property),  and  through 
his  industry  and  economy  has  accumulated 
a  good  property  and  is  much  respected  by 
all  who  know  him ;  has  served  as  Road 
Commissioner  and  School  Director  a  num- 
ber of  years.  He  married  Miss  Ellen 
Fitzgerald,  of  the  County  of  Cork,  Ire- 
land. March  3,  1862;  she  was  born  Feb. 
13,  1839;  they  have  eleven  children — 
Margaret,  born  March  5,  1863;  Michael, 
born  March  28, 1864;  Mary,  born  May  28, 
1865;  Ann,  born  Sept.  1,  1866;  Rose, 
born  Feb.  11,  1868;  Bernard,  born  March 
12.   1869;    Ellen,    born   Oct.    30,   1870; 


John,  born  Feb.  24,  1872;  Alice,  born 
July  23,  1873;  Elizabeth,  born  Aug.  14, 
1876  ;  Julia,  born  June  13,  1878. 

HENRY  PALMER,  farmer,  Sec.  2; 
P.  0.  Gardner ;  was  born  in  Norfolk  Co., 
England,  Nov.  23.  1835 ;  came  to  this 
country  in  1852,  locating  in  Du  Page  Co., 
111.,  and  there  he  engaged  in  farming.  He 
enlisted  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion. 
Dec,  1861,  with  the  53d  I.  V.  I.;  was  in 
a  number  of  hard-fought  battles  and  skir- 
mishes ;  was  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Cor- 
inth, in  the  left  arm,  the  ball  passing  di- 
rectly through  above  the  elbow,  and  at  Jack- 
son, Miss.,  wounded  by  a  one-half  pound 
grape-shot  which  entered  the  left  side  of 
his  neck  and  passed  down  near  the  center 
of  his  back  where  it  was  taken  out  eleven 
days  afterward ;  Mr.  Palmer  has  the  ball 
and  keeps  it  as  a  memento  of  his  service; 
was  mustered  out  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  Aug., 
1864.  He  then  came  and  located  where 
he  now  resides ;  he  owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  30  per  acre.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  Ann  Lyons,  of  Du  Page  Co., 
HI.;  they  have  six  children  living — Frank, 
Ellen,  Charles,  Clara,  John  and  Elizabeth. 
He  hns  held  the  offices  of  School  Director 
and  Road  Commissioner ;  is  a  well-to-do 
and  a  much  respected  citizen. 

E.  R.  POTTER,  farmer.  Sec.  15;  P. 
0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Cuyahoga  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  25,  1840,  where  he  received  a 
good  English  education ;  he  enlisted  in 
the  late  war  of  the  rebellion  Aug.  22, 
1862,  with  the  First  Ohio  Light  Artillery, 
Co.  K  ;  was  in  the  battles  of  Chancellors- 
ville,  Gettysburg,  Lookout  Mountain,  Mis- 
sion Ridge,  and  a  number  of  severe  skir- 
mishes, and  was  fortunate  enough  to 
escape  without  a  scratch  ;  was  mustered 
out  July  18,  1865,  and  returned  to  Cuya- 
hoga Co.,  Ohio,  for  a  short  time,  then 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  where  he  now 
resides ;  he  owns  80  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
married  Miss  Henrietta  M.  Hurlburt,  of 
Cuyahoga  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  20,  1865 ;  she 
was  born  Dec.  22,  1844 ;  they  are  parents 
of  one  child — Alice  M.,  born  July  31, 
1871. 

STEPHEN  POTTER,  farmer.  Sec.  15 ; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Washington 
Co.,  N.  Y.,' April  1,  1806.  At  the  age  of 
19,  he  went  into  Essex  Co.,  and  there 
married  Miss  Mary  Ann  Killmer  Aug.  25, 


694 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


1834;  she  was  born  Feb.  23,  1814;  after  I 
this  they  removed  into  Cuyahoga  Co., 
Ohio,  and  bought  a  farm  of  100  acres, 
and  cleared  and  improved  it,  and  in  1844 
sold  out  and  emigrated  to  Illinois,  and 
leaving  his  family  at  Joliet  he  started 
for  California,  leaving  Joliet  March  19  j 
in  company  with  a  party  consisting  of 
ninety  and  twenty-two  wagons  ;  arrived  at 
Nevada  City  Sept.  13,  1844,  and  began 
mining,  which  he  followed  five  years,  then 
returned  to  Illinois,  and  with  his  family 
came  into  Livingston  Co.,  locating  where 
he  I'ow  resides,  at  which  time  there  were 
but  five  families  in  the  township ;  he 
assisted  in  establishing  schools,  laying  out 
roads,  and  has  been  an  active  worker  for 
the  general  interests  of  his  town,  and  is  a 
man  of  upright  and  industrious  habits, 
and  much  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 
He  has  a  family  of  six  children  living — 
Charlotte  B.,  born  Oct.  7,  1835  (now 
Mrs.  J.  Eldred);  George  W.,  born  Oct. 
i!7,  1839  (farmer);  Margaret  S.,  born 
June  20,  1842  (at  home);  Reuben  K.,  ' 
born  Sept.  26,  1844  (telegraph  operator)  ; 
Albert,  born  Dec.  3,  1847  (policeman 
at  Dwight) ;  Elvie  T.,  born  March  9, 
1857,  engaged  on  the  home  farm,  which 
consists  of  400  acres  of  well-improved 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

S.  T.  PFEFFERMAN,  farmer,  Sec. 
21  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  boi'n  in  Bavaria, 
Germany,  Dec.  21,  1836;  during  his 
early  life  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  tailor, 
after  which  he  visited  Austria,  Hungary, 
Italy,  Persia,  and  came  to  this  country  in 
1861,  locating  in  Livingston  Co.  ;  he 
entered  the  army  of  the  late  rebellion  in 
July,  1862,  enlisting  in  the  129th  I.  Y.  I., 
Co.  B,  and  was  in  quite  a  number  of 
severe  battles  and  escaped  without  a  scratch ; 
he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  then 
returned  and  bought  eighty  acres  of  land, 
then  located  in  Bloomington,  111.,  where  he 
remained  about  six  years,  after  which  he 
settled  where  he  now  resides ;  he  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Laidich,  of  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Penn.,  October,  1866 ;  she  was 
born  Aug.  17,  1837  ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren— George,  born  Dec.  12,  1867  ;  Lewis 
L.,  born  Nov.  14.  1869  ;  Edward  C,  born 
Feb.  17,  1871  ;  Albert  C,  born  Jan.  7, 
1873;  Jennie  B.,  born  Sept.  11.  1875; 
Stormens  E.,  born  April  24,  1877. 


AARON  PRICKETT,  farmer,  Sec. 
26  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Kendall 
Co.,  111.,  Nov.  15,  1842;  he  enlisted  in 
the  late  war  of  the  rebellion  with  Co.  A, 
36th  Regt.,  which  was  afterward  trans- 
ferred to  the  15th  Regt.  I.  V.  C. ;  was  in 
a  number  of  severe  battles,  among  which 
were  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  luka,  and  the 
siege  of  Vicksburg,  and  escaped  without  a 
scratch  ;  he  entered  the  service  in  the  Fall 
of  1861,  and  was  mustered  out  November, 
1865  ;  he  then  returned  to  Kendall  Co  , 
thence  into  La  Salle  Co.,  and  bought  160 
acres  of  land  and  began  farming ;  he  sold 
out  and  removed  to  Livingston  Co.  in 
1868,  settling  where  he  now  resides;  he 
owns  160  acres,  which  he  considers  worth 
$40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Nancy 
Bagby  Feb.  18,  1866  ;  she  was  born  Feb. 
18,  1844;  they  have  four  children — 
Mary  E.,  born  Dee.  9,  1866;  James  E., 
born  Dec.  1,  1871  ;  Edward  and  Ellen, 
born  May  18,  1873. 

CYRUS  THOMAS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Dwight;  was  born  in  York  Co.,  Penn., 
Dec.  21,  1817,  and  while  quite  young 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Cumberland 
Co. ;  at  the  age  of  17  he  began  to  learn 
the  trade  of  a  miller  with  his  father ; 
when  21  he  removed  to  Franklin  Co.,  and 
there  engaged  at  milling  with  J.  StoufiFer, 
and  remained  three  years.  He  married 
Miss  Harriet  Laidich,  of  Franklin  Co., 
Jan.  13,  1842  ;  she  was  born  Feb.  4, 
1819  ;  after  this  he  engaged  in  the  mill- 
ing business,  which  he  followed  nine  years  ; 
came  to  Illinois  in  1853,  locating  in  Bu- 
reau Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming ;  came 
into  Livingston  Co.  in  the  Spring  of  1857, 
locating  on  his  present  farm,  which  con- 
sists of  160  acres,  valued  at  $iQ  per  acre. 
He  has  held  the  oflBces  of  Assessor,  Road 
Commissioner,  Township  Supervisor,  School 
Director,  and,  at  present,  Township  Clerk. 
These  many  offices  he  has  filled  with  credit 
to  himself  and  those  he  represented.  He 
has  a  family  of  seven  children — Jacob  L., 
born  Dec.  1,  1842  (farmer);  Amos,  bom 
Oct.  2,  1844  (farmer)  ;  John  M.,  born 
March  14,  1847  (farmer)  ;  Cyrus  F.,  born 
July  9,  1849  (farmer  at  home)  ;  Jane  E., 
born  Nov.  29,  1851  (now  Mrs.  A.  E. 
Potter)  ;  George  H.,  born  July  20,  1854 
(farmer  at  home);  Nancy  M.,  born  Jan. 
20,  1858  (now  Mrs.  A.  G.  Van 
Forell). 


NEVADA   TOWNSHIP. 


695 


A.  Z.  TAYLOR,  farmer  and  dealer  in 
farming  lands  ;  P.  0.  Gardner ;  was  born 
in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  7,  1823, 
where  he  received  a  aood  English  educa- 
tion, after  which  he  taught  school ;  he 
came  to  Illinois  in  18-45,  locating  in  Ken- 
dall Co.,  where  he  bought  and  improved 
160  acres  of  land  ;  in  1855,  bought  800 
acres  in  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  re- 
sides ;  he  removed  into  Livingston  Co.  in 
the  Spring  of  1862.  Mr.  Taylor  is  one  of 
the  largest  land  owners  in  this  part  of  the 
5tate  ;  he  owns  in  Arkansas  12,000  acres; 


also  412  where  he  now  resides,  which  is 
his  home  farm,  and  is  valued  at  840  per 
acre.  He  has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of 
the  Peace,  School  Trustee  and  Town 
Assessor ;  is  an  early  settler  and  much  re- 
spected by  all.  He  married  Miss  Abigail 
R.  Smith,  of  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  31, 
1847;  she  was  born  May  16,  1822; 
their  children  are  Adelbert  P.,  born 
June  17,  1849  ;  Josephine  S.,  born  Aug. 
3,  1850;  Annette  C,  born  April  11, 
1855  ;  Hattie  J.,  born  Nov.  25,  1856  ; 
Charlie  L.,  born  Nov.  25,  1862. 


NEVADA    TOWNSHIP. 


JAMES  BROWN,  farmer.  Sec.  13; 
P.  0.  Dwight :  was  born  in  Oneida  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  14,  1829.  During  his  early 
life  he  worked  on  a  farm  through  the 
Summer  months,  and  attended  district 
school  Winters ;  after  attending  school  at 
Whitesboro  Seminary,  he  taught  during 
the  Winter  months  for  several  years,  after 
which  he  went  into  Oswego  Co.  and  en- 
gaged in  the  stock  trade,  which  he  fol- 
lowed until  1868,  when  he  came  West, 
locating  in  Livingston  Co.,  and  on  the 
form  where  he  now  resides.  He  owns  440 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He 
married  Miss  Eudora  Wood,  of  Oswego 
Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  she  was  born  Nov.  L',  1845 ; 
they  have  five  children — Eva,  born  March 
24,  1869  ;  M.  Addie,born  March  6, 1870  ; 
George,  born  Feb.  3.  1872 ;  Mabel,  born 
April  14, 1875,  died  Feb.  14, 1878  ;  David, 
born  Dec.  3,  1876. 

C.  G.  BARR,  farmer,  Sec.  16 ;  P.  0. 
Nevada  ;  is  one  of  the  early,  settlers  of 
Livingston  Co.;  he  was  born  in  Clark  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  11,  1839;  his  parents  died 
when  he  was  quite  young,  and  he  was  left 
to  battle  with  the  world  without  parental 
advice ;  at  the  age  of  18,  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  in  Livingston  Co.,  where  he 
has  remained  since,  and  has  held  several 
different  town  offices  and  taken  an  interest 
in  the  public  affairs  of  his  town  ;  he  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S40  per  acre. 
He  married  IMiss  Keziah  Morrison  Se})t. 
11,  1861  ;  she  was  born  in  Phillips,  Me.,  j 
Jan.  4,  1843 ;  they  have  six  children — 
David  E.,  born  Sept.  17,  1862  ;    Charles  ' 


W.,  born  May  3,  1865  ;  Josiah  H.,  born 
Feb.  20,  1867  ;  Susan  A.,  born  April  25, 
1869  ;  Minnie  E.,  born  Feb.  22,  1871  ; 
Lydia  E.,  born  Dec.  16,  1875.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Barr  are  members  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  and  are  much  respected  by  all 
who  know  them. 

E.  D.  BROWN,  attorney,  Nevada;  was 
born  in  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Sept.  1,  1844, 
where  he  resided  and  received  an  ordinary 
education  ;  after  which  he  attended  school  at 
Hillsdale  College.  Enlisted  in  the  late  war  of 
the  rebellion  in  August,  1861,  with  the  6th 
Mich.  Inf.,  after  which  he  acted  as  re- 
cruiting officer  for  the  5th  Mich.  Cav.,  and 
entered  the  service  with  the  same ;  was 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
July  3,  1863,  after  which  he  was  dis- 
charged, and  returned  to  Kalamazoo  and 
taught  school  for  a  time ;  came  to  Livings- 
ton Co.  in  1864,  where  he  has  since  resided ; 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1878.  Was 
married  to  Miss  Lizzie  M.  George,  of  Ne- 
vada ;  she  was  born  Oct.  23,  1844;  they 
have  three  children — Edgar  C.,  born  May 
7, 1870  ;  Charles  E.,  born  April  17,  1872 ; 
Stephen  F.,  born  Oct.  24,  1877. 

J.  A.  CAVANAUGH,  general  mer- 
chandise. Nevada ;  was  born  in  Galway 
Co.,  Ireland,  Sept.  15,  1845;  he  came 
with  his  parents  to  this  country,  locating  in 
New  Orleans,  where  his  father  had  charge 
of  a  plantation  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
1852,  locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  thence  to 
Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  resides,  and 
engaged  in  his  present  business  ;  he  attend- 
ed Bryant  &  Stratton's  Commercial  College 


696 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


at  Chicago,  and  graduated  in  July,  1868 ; 
he  is  a  thorough  business  man,  having  al- 
ways met  with  good  success  in  mercantile 
life.  He  married  Miss  Katie  O'Laeary,  of 
Grundy  Co.,  111.,  Oct.  4,  1870  ;  she  was 
born  Oct.  20,  1850  ;  they  have  five  chil- 
dren— Clarence  E.,  born  Aug.  7,  1871  ; 
Edmond  S.,  born  Feb.  27,  1873 ;  James 
Clement,  born  Nov.  7,  1874;  Constance 
L.,  born  May  3,  1876;  Algernon  J.,  born 
April  15,  1878.  A  man  of  integrity,  a 
valuable  friend  to  the  schools  and  churches, 
Mr.  C,  though  young  and  self-made,  has 
established  for  himself  an  enviable  busi- 
ness credit  and  reputation. 


JOHN 

Nevada 


CARLISLE,   farmer;    P.    0. 


mgston 


is  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Liv- 
Co. ;  was  born  in  Guernsey  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  23, 1 823 ;  while  a  young  man  he 
learned  the  trade  of  a  blacksmith,  which 
he  followed  ten  years,  after  which  he  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  business,  which  he 
followed  until  1855,  when  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  where  he  now  resides ;  he 
owns  80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §45  per 
acre.  He  has  acted  as  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  quite  a  number  of  years,  also  Road 
Commissioner  and  School  Trustee.  Assist- 
ed in  organizing  the  town,  and  has  taken 
an  interest  in  all  public  matters  pertaining 
to  the  interest  of  his  town.  He  married 
Miss  Eliza  Chadwick,  Oct.  21,  1846;  she 
was  born  March  29,  1826 ;  they  have 
seven  children — Alfred,  born  Oct.  24, 
1847;  Lucy  E.,  born  Nov.  11,  1849; 
Mary,  born  Nov.  14,  1851  ;  Emma,  born 
Jan.  14,  1854;  Julia  L.,  born  Sept.  5, 
1857;  Susie  E.,  born  May  6,1863;  J. 
Willie,  born  Oct.  26,  1868. 

A.  B.  DUNLOP,  farmer  and  stock 
dealer,  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born 
in  Jeflferson  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  25,  1832  ; 
while  quite  young,  his  parents  moved  to 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  remained  until 
October,  1854,  when  he  removed  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  in  Livingston  County,  where 
he  has  since  lived.  lie  always  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  establishing  schools 
and  churches  and  public  enterprises  per- 
taining to  the  interests  of  his  town.  He 
owns  290  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §45  per 
acre,  and  has  a  fine  residence  and  a  well- 
watered  stock  farm  ;  he  deals  quite  exten- 
sively in  hog-.  He  married  Miss  Eliza  A. 
Ingraham,  April  27,  1865  ;  she  was  born 
March  1,  1841  ;  they  have  six  children — 


Irwin  C,  born  Feb.  18,  1866,  died  Sept. 
28,  1867 ;  Jennie  M.,  born  Sept.  29, 
1867  ;  Archibald  B.,  born  Oct.  5,  1869  ; 
Anna  G.,  born  Dec.  23,  1871  ;  Thomas 
M.,  born  March  10,  1874,  died  Dec.  19, 
1874;  Mary  E.,  born  Dec.  21,  1875. 

B.  B.  DOW,  general  merchandise;  Ne- 
vada; was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Sept.  23,  1 849  ;  removed  with  parents  to 
Will  Co.,  111.,  in  1851,  where  he  remained 
fifteen  years,  attending  school  at  the  North- 
western College,  at  Plainfield,  111.,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  English  education  ;  he  came 
to  Livingston  Co.  in  1863,  where  he  en- 
gaged at  farming  fir  two  years,  after  which 
he  was  in  the  employment  of  the  C,  A.  & 
St.  L.  R.  R.,  and  filled  the  positions  of 
station  agent,  telegraph  operator,  also  con- 
ductor ;  these  different  positions  he  filled 
with  entire  satisfaction  to  the  R.  R.  Co.; 
he  is  at  present  Postmaster,  express  and 
insurance  agent,  also  agent  for  A.  M. 
Wright,  commission  merchant,  Chicago. 
Was  married  to  Miss  Mary  Jane  De  Voe, 
from  the  State  of  New  York,  Oct.  3,  1862  ; 
she  was  born  May  8,  1845 ;  they  have 
three  children — Claud  E.,  born  June  22, 
1873,  died  Oct.  13,  1875;  Anna  M., 
born  Sept.  18,  1875,  died  Oct.  10,  1876; 
ZelmaB.,born  Jan.  24,  1878. 

AMASA  EASTMAN,  farmer,  Sec.  16  ; 
P.  0.  Nevada;  was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Jan.  17,  1825  ;  he  removed,  with  par- 
ents, to  Madison  Co.,  and  there  receiA^ed  an 
ordinary  education  ;  at  the  age  of  29,  re- 
turned to  Oneida  Co.,  and  engaged  in  farm- 
ing, which  has  been  his  principal  business 
thus  far  through  life  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
February,  1862,  locating  in  Kendall  Co.. 
thence  to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1867,  settling 
where  he  now  resides  ;  he  owns  a  farm  of 
eighty  acres,  valued  at  §40  per  acre.  He 
maiTied  Miss  Charlotte  Wade,  of  Oswego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.,  1,  1853;  she  was  born 
Nov.  7,  1831  ;  they  have  five  children — 
Violetta  A.,  born  Jan.  4,  1855  ;  Franklin 
A.,  born  Nov.  7,  1856  ;  Irwin  A.,  born 
March  30,  1858  ;  A.  Delia  M.,  born  Nov. 
5,  1861  ;  Eddy  A.,  born  Dec.  15,  1865. 

■  MRS.  S.  A.  FINCH,  farming.  Sec.  4; 
P.  0.  Nevada  ;  was  born  in  Canada  East, 
July  28,  1832  ;  came  to  this  country  with 
parents  when  quite  young,  locating  in 
Michigan;  came  to  Kane  Co.,  111.,  and 
there  married  Stephen  S.  Spencer.  He 
entered  the  army  in  1861,  and  was  killed 


NEVADA  TOWNSHIP. 


697 


at  the  battle  of  Furt  Donelson,  after  which 
she  removed  to  Opbir,  111.,  and,  Sejit.  21, 
1863,  married  S.  Finch,  of  Waltham,  111., 
where  they  remained  until  18()G,  when 
they  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  where  Mr. 
Finch  passed  away  in  January,  1871, 
leaving  a  family  of  ten  children  ;  tliree  by 
his  first  wife — Ida,  George  W.  and  Lewis 
J. ;  three  by  last  wife — Charlotte  C,  John 
H.  and  Laura  L. ;  Mrs.  Finch  having  had 
four  by  her  first  huslmnd — Charles  A., 
Harriet  M.,  Freeman  and  Clark  D.  Mrs. 
Finch,  with  the  aid  of  her  sons  Freeman 
and  Clark,  is  working  the  home  farm  which 
consists  of  16(1  acres, valued  at  §40  per  acre. 

P.  GIBBONS,  farmer,  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0. 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Westport,  Ireland, 
Nov.  1:1,  1817;  came  to  this  country  in 
1851,  locating  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  and 
engaged  in  farming,  which  has  been  his 
principal  business  thus  far  through  life  ;  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  in  the  Spring 
of  1865,  and  located  on  his  present  farm, 
which  consists  of  160  acres,  valued  at  $45 
per  acre.  He  married  Miss  Bridget  Mc- 
Donald, of  West  port,  Ireland,  in  March, 
1843;  she  was  born  May  15, 1817  ;  they 
have  nine  children — Mary,  born  Feb.  1, 
1844;  Austin,  born  Jan.  5,  1846;  Mar- 
garet, born  Feb.  15,1850;  Ellen,  born 
Sept.  30, 1852  ;  John,  born  Oct.  16,  1854  ; 
Phillip,  born  Nov.  28,  1857  ;  Jane,  born 
Dec.  3,  1859  ;  Sarah  and  Thomas,  born 
Dec.  10,  1861. 

PETER  HANSON,  ftrmer  ;  P.  0. 
Dwight ;  was  born  in  Sjiandet,  Denmark, 
Sept.  20,  1834,  where  he  entered  the  army 
at  the  age  of  21,  as  Corporal,  and  served 
three  years  and  six  month,'^ ;  came  to  this 
country  in  June,  1860,  locating  in 
Livingston  Co.,  and  began  working  on  a 
farm,  first  by  the  month,  then  renting  six 
years,  after  which  lie  purchased  a  small 
form,  then  selling  out  and  buying  160  acres 
I  in  Nevada  Tp.,  Sec.  1,  where  he  now  re- 
sides ;  he  now  owns  160  acres  of  land  val- 
ued at  $40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Christiana  Nelson,  of  Denmark,  Aug.. 
1863;  she  was  born  Feb.  20,  1836  ;  they 
,  have  four  children  living — Andrew,  born 
I  June  15, 1865 ;  Mary,  born  Jan.  14, 1864 ; 
Nelson  C,  bom  June  11, 1872  :  Anna  C, 
born  May  15.  1876. 

T.  S.  INGRAHAM,  farmer.  Sec.  24; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Augusta, 
Maine,  June  23,  1811  ;  the   early   part  of 


his  life  was  spent  as  a  sailor,  and  at  the 
age  of  24,  having  studied  navigation,  took 
charge  of  a  ves.sel,  and  followed  sailing 
lor  a  number  of  years,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  his  parents  in  Maine,  and  engaged 
in  farming,  and  acted  as  City  Alderman  in 
Augusta  ;  also  Road  Commissioner.  He 
married  Miss  Nancy  Church,  of  his  native 
place,  March  2,  1837  ;  she  was  born  Jan. 
24,  1812  ;  they  had  four  children— Nancy 
S.,  born  Dec.  7,1838;  Eliza  A.,  born 
March  1,  1841  ;  Church  S.,  born  Aug.  24, 
1842;  he  died  in  the  United  States 
service  March  2,1865;  Charles  T.,  born 
Aug.  1!),  1844.  Mr.  Ingraham  came  to 
Illinois  in  January,  1863,  locating  in  Liv- 
ingston Co. ;  he  owns  160  acres,  valued  at 
S45  per  acre. 

BARNEY  LYONS,  former  and  fine 
stock.  Sec.  28  ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  in  Longford  Co.. 
Ireland,  Nov.  22,  1822,  living  with  his 
parents  until  24  years  old ;  then  emigrated 
to  the  United  States,  landing  at  New  York, 
in  May,  1846,  where  he  remained  three 
years;  thence  to  Illinois,  locating  in  Ken- 
dall Co.,  where  he  began  farming,  follow- 
ing the  same  sixteen  years ;  thence  to 
Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  lives, 
settling  on  360  acres,  now  valued  at  S40 
per  acre ;  he  is  now  growing  fine  stock, 
and  making  it  a  financial  success  ;  he  also 
owns  160  acres  of  land  in  Owego  Tp. 
Mr.  Lyons  began  with  but  little  means, 
and  has  accumulated  a  good  property;  has 
held  the  office  of  Commissioner,  Trustee, 
and  Director.  He  married  Miss  McKanna, 
of  Ireland,  Aug.  13,  1851  ;  she  was  born 
July  29,  1833;  they  have  eleven  children 
— Anna,  born  Aug.  6,  1852 ;  John  H.^ 
born  Jan.  19,  1854;  Margary  E.,  born 
Jan.  8,  1857  ;  Daniel,  born  Sept.  29, 
1858;  Sarah  J.,  born  Oct.  20,  1860; 
Joseph  P.,  born  Sept.  19, 1863  William 
F.,  born  June  19,  1865  ;  Catherine,  born 
Feb.  6,  1867;  Michael  E.,  born  Jan.  15, 
1869;  Adaline  A.,  born  Jan.  6,1872; 
Barnard  A.,  born  Jan.  17,  1875. 

JOHN  R.  MARTIN,  former.  Sec.  2; 
P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co  ,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  26,  1812  ;  during  hi* 
early  life  he  was  engaged  at  boating  on  the 
Erie  Canal  ;  after  which  he  and  Mr.  W. 
T.  Sammons  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land  and  engaged  in  manufacturing  lum- 
ber.    Mr.  Martin  emigrated  to  Illinois  in 


698 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES; 


the  Fall  of  1854,  and  located  in  Aurora, 
where  he  remained  until  the  Spring  of 
1868,  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
where  he  now  resides  ;  he  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Has  held 
the  office  of  School  Director  for  a  number 
of  years ;  also  Supervisor  in  New  York 
State.  He  married  Miss  Mary  LewLs,  of 
Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  March  17,  1840  ;  she 
was  born  April  21,  1822  ;  they  have  six 
children  living — Mary  E.,  born  June  2, 
1841;  Robert  J.,  born  Feb.  27,  1843; 
William,  born  Aug.  5, 1845  ;  Alfred,  born 
April  29,  1848  ;  Jane,  born  May  4,  1853 ; 
Clem,  born  Jan.  13,  1857. 

JOHN  VICKERY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser;  P.  0.  Dwight;  born  in  Devonshire, 
England,  Sept.,  1824  ;  he  remained  with  his 
parents  and  learned  the  trade  of  a  butcher, 
and  received  a  good  common  school  educa- 
tion ;  came  to  America  in  July,  1845  ;  located 
in  Cincinnati  and  engaged  in  the  butcher 
business;  thence  to  Grundy  Co.,  111.,  where 
he  bought  160  acres  of  land,  and  shortly 
thereafter  purchased  160  acres  more,  then 
sold  that  one-half  section,  and  bought  one- 
half  of  a  section  in  Island  Tp  ;  came  into 
Livingston  Co.  in  the  Spring  of  1872,  and 
bought  where  he  now  resides  ;  he  owns  560 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  he 
came  to  his  State  a  poor  man,  and  through 
industry  and  economy,  has  accumulated  a 


large  property.  Is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church,  and  has  been  intimately  connected 
with  its  growth  and  prosperity.  Was  mar- 
ried to  Miss  Mary  Staley  of  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.  Y. ;  she  was  born  July  10,  1832  ; 
they  have  two  children — Fremont  J.,  born 
June  19,  1856,  and  Charlie  B.,  born  June 
15,  1871. 

J.  WILDE,  physician  and  surgeon, 
Nevada ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  has 
been  the  leading  physician  in  this  neigh- 
borhood for  nine  years.  He  is  an  able 
physician  and  a  much  respected  citizen. 

WILLIAM  WHITAKER,  farmer,  P. 
0.  Dwight;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  in 
Sec.  36  ;  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  N. 
J.,  July  31,  1816,  where  he  remained  until 
he  was  1 9  years  old ;  then  removed  to 
Franklin  Co.,  Ind. ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
the  Fall  of  1849,  first  locating  in  La  Salle 
Co.,  thence  into  Livingston  Co.,  settling 
where  he  now  resides.  Was  married  to 
MissParmalie  Fruit,  of  Franklin  Co.,  Ind., 
June  11,  1840  ;  she  was  born  May  6, 
1816  ;  they  have  seven  children — Francis 
M.,  born  May  6,  1841  ;  Mary  H.,  born 
Aug.  13,  1845;  John  H.,  born  July  27, 
1848;  Jonathan  F.,  born  March  26, 
1849;  Margaret  E.,  born  Feb.  11,  1851; 
Ruth  E.,  born  July  3,  1854,  and  Charles 
W..  born  Oct.  7,  1858. 


AMITY    TOWNSHIP. 


PHILIP  ARMAN,  livery  and  grain 
buyer  ;  P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Amity, 
Nov.  7,  1838,  living  on  a  farm  until  1861, 
when  he  enlisted  as  Corporal  in  Co.  F, 
33d  Regt.  of  I.  V.  I.,  passing  through  the 
sieges  of  Vicksburg  and  others,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  Dec,  1865.  He  married 
Dec.  29,  1868,  Sarah  J.  McKee,  in  this 
township ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  Nov.  4, 
1840 ;  they  have  two  children — Hattie 
Mariah,  born  Oct.  12,  1869;  Ella  May, 
born  July  14,  1872.  He  owns  the  Arman 
House  in  Cornell,  also  a  large  livery 
and  residence,  has*  held  the  office  of 
Assessor  one  year,  Collector  two  years  and 
School  Director  and  Village  Trustee  three 
terms. 


J.  C.  ANTRIM,  farmer;  P.  0.  Cor- 
nell ;  was  born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio,  1836; 
in  1863,  came  to  this  township,  and 
bought  where  he  now  lives  in  1866  ;  he 
was  drafted  in  Sept.  1864,  in  Co.  H,  44th 
Illinois,  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865,  at 
Nashville.  He  married,  in  1857,  Miss 
Anna  Hallam  in  Ohio ;  she  was  born  in 
the  same  place  in  1837  ;  they  have  eight 
children — Mary  E.,  Rachel  A.  William  J., 
Roxanna  K.,  John  L.,  Harriet  E.,  Edward 
M.  and  Carrie  A.  He  owns  260  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  has  been 
Town  Clerk  one  year. 

JOSEPH  BRADLEY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  McLean 
Co.,  III.,  September   28,    1840  ;  came  to 


AMITY  TOWNSHIP. 


699 


this  county  in  Nov.  1844,  with  his  parents, 
James  and  Nancy,  whd  were  married  in 
1837;  his  flither  died  Dec.  80,  1862. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  married  to 
Florence  Patterson  Feb.  27,  1878,  at  Cor- 
nell ;  she  wiis  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  March  3,  1850.  He  owns  210 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre.  Is 
at  present  School  Trustee  and  Director; 
has  held  the  offices  of  Town  Collector, 
Road  Commissioner  six  years,  and  was 
elected  Constable  when  only  21  years  of 
age. 

JOHN  H.  BRUCE,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  Scotland  in  July, 
1838.  and  came  to  Nova  Scotia  in  early 
childhood,  with  an  uncle,  remaining  there 
until  1858,  when  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  Amity  Township,  and  located  on  the 
farm  he  now  owns ;  he  owns  240  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married 
Sarah  Edwards  in  Livingston  Co. ;  they 
were  married    and   she   died   


leaving  two   children — Nettie  and   Mary 
he  remarried  to  Mary  Horrie,  Sept.  1876 
she  was   born  in   New  York,   1854;  they 
have   one    child — Elizabeth.       He  is    the 
present  incumbent  of  the  office  of  School 
Director. 

D.  W.  BLAKE,  farmer;  P.O.Cornell; 
was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1835  ;  in  1854,  came 
to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  and  located  in 
La  Salle  Co.,  staying  but  one  year,  when 
they  removed  to  Amity  Tp.,  Livingston 
Co.  He  married  Sallie  F.  Burnham,  in 
Amity,  in  1862  ;  she  was  born  in  1845  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  they  have  two  children  liv- 
ing— Ella  G.  and  Fred,  one  dead.  He 
owns  sixty  acres,  Sec.  15,  and  ten  acres  in 
blocks  and  lots,  in  northern  part  of  Cor- 
nell, called  Blake's  Addition,  besides  three 
lots  on  Main  street.  He  has  been  Com- 
missioner of  Highways  for  four  years,  and 
served  two  years  as  Village  Trustee.  He 
enlisted  at  Pontiac,  the  8th  of  August, 
1862,  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.;  was  through 
the  Sherman  campaign,  and  was  mustered 
out  in  1866. 

REUBEN  BENNETT,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 

Cornell ;    was  born  in   West  Virginia  in 

1833,  May  30th  ;    he  came  to  Illinois  in 

1856,  but  did  not  locate  in  any  one  place, 

living  in  both  Esmen  and  Pontiac  Tps. ;  in 

1 1861,  he  located  in  Amity  Tp.;    has  been 

i  living  on  his  present  place  twelve  years  ; 

I  he  owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 


per  acre.  In  1866,  he  married  Mrs.  Rey- 
nolds ;  they  have  one  child — Benjamin  H., 
born  1870  ;  Mrs.  Bennett's  maiden  name 
was  Blue  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1829, 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1831,  with  her 
parents  (Garrett  M.  and  Jane)  and  settled 
in  Rook's  Creek,  living  there  about  five 
years,  afterward  locating  on  Wolf  Creek  ; 
they  both  died  in  1849  ;  she  was  married 
in  1847  to  Stephen  Reynolds,  who  died  in 
February,  1865 ;  they  had  one  child — 
Florence  J.,  born  in  1858,  Sept.  3.  Mrs. 
Bennett  is  the  oldest  settler  in  the  town  of 
Amity. 

ISAIAH  BOYER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  he  was  born  in  Harrisburg, 
Penn.,  in  1825,  Nov.  4  ;  he  came  with  his 
parents  (Samuel  &  Catherine  Boyer)  to 
Livingston  Co.,  111.,  in  1836  ;  his  father 
died  Nov.  3,  1852,  and  mother  May  7, 
1845  ;  he  owns  in  home  farm  220  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ;  he  also  owns 
457  acres,  valued  at  $35  per  acre,  a  nice 
residence  in  Cornell,  also  several  other  lots. 
He  married  Elizabeth  Allen  in  1853  ;  she 
died  in  1856,  leaving  two  children — Alice 
Cornelia,  born  Dec.  12,1853;  Eliza  S., 
born  Jan.  25,  1856  ;  married  Irene  Hous- 
ton in  1858 ;  she  was  born  in  1833, 
died  in  1859  ;  he  was  again  married  Nov. 
13,  1859,  to  Celia  E.  Lowers  ;  she  was 
born  in  Virginia  July  30,  1829 ;  they 
have  had  five  children — Benton  N.,  born 
Jan.  12,  1862  ;  Mardilla,  Nov.  30,  1863  ; 
Roena,  Oct.  10,  1866;  Woodson  E.,  April 
30,  1869,  died  April  11,  1872;  Laura  A., 
Jan.  27, 1873.  His  father,  Samuel  Boyer, 
was  first  School  Commissioner. 

CALVIN  BLUE,  farmer;  P.  0.  Cor- 
nell ;  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1832  ;  he  went,  in  early  childhood,  to  In- 
diana, with  his  parents  (Isaac  and  Jane 
Blue) ;  both  of  his  parents  died  in  Indi- 
ana. In  1848  he  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
and  located  where  he  now  lives,  some  eight 
years  ago.  He  married,  at  Pontiac,  Obe- 
dience Corban  in  1850  ;  she  was  born  in 
Livingston  Co.,  June  14,  1833,  and  died 
in  February,  1857,  having  had  three  chil- 
dren— Sarah  Ellen,  Jones  and  John ;  he 
was  married  March  24,  1858,  to  Mahala 
Louderback,  in  the  town  of  Amity  ;  she 
was  born  in  this  township,  Nov.  5,  1840  ; 
they  have  had  eight  children,  seven 
living — Levi  W.,  Lucian  J.,  Charlie  C, 
Mary  M.,  Annette,  Isaac  C,  Liberty  G. 

6 


70U 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


(dead),    Otto.       He    owns    eighty    acres  ' 
of   land,    valued    at   $40    per   acre.     Mr. 
Blue    enlisted    in    the    town    of  Amity, 
in    Co.    H,  44th    111.    Vols.,    4th    Corps, 
under  command  of  Gen.  Thomas  ;  he  en- 
listed in  August,  1864,  and  was  mustered 
out    June     15.    1865,    passing     through 
two  decisive   battles  and   several   engage- 
ments ;    was   mustered   out   at  Nashville. 
Mr.  Blue  has,  since  coming  to  this  county,   i 
served  eighteen  years  as  Constable  of  this 
township,  and   has  been   School  Director  : 
nine  years.     Mrs.  Blue's  father  and  mother  ' 
were    among    the    first    settlers    of    this 
county.  i 

JOSEPH  BLAKE,  deceased,  farmer ;  \ 
P.  0.  Cornell ;  he  was  born  in  Maine, 
March  27,  1812,  and  came  to  Ohio  in  , 
early  childhood,  with  his  parents.  Jan. 
15,  1835,  he  married,  in  Ohio,  Druzilla 
Carpenter ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  Nov. 
22,  1815;  they  have  had  thirteen  chil- 
dren, nine  living — Robert,  Aaron  (dead),  , 
Daniel,  Reason  H.  (dead),  Joseph  W. 
(dead),  Mary  J.,  Margaret  A.,  Winfield 
S.,  Alexander  (dead),  Elizabeth,  James 
Edward,  John  C,  Caroline  J.  Mr.  Blake 
came  to  Illinois  in  1852,  and  lociUed  where 
his  family  now  Uve  in  1854,  and  died 
July  9, 1875  ;  he  owned  at  one  time  440 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $25  an  acre, 
and  after  selling  and  giving  to  his  children, 
owned  at  the  time  of  his  death  130  acres, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

W.  D.  BLAKE,  deceased,  farmer   and 
stock  dealer ;   P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in 
Serena,  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  Feb.  5, 1840,  re-  I 
mained  with  his  parents  until  he  was  21 
years  of  age,  teaching  and  going  to  school,   i 
In   January,    1861,    he    married  Eliza  J. 
Hayes,  at  Dayton,  111.  ;   she    was    born  in  ' 
the  same  place    in    1839,    Nov.   7;  they 
have  two  children — George  D.,  born  Oct. 
16,  1863,  Alice  J.,  born  Nov.  17,   1864. 
Mr.   Blake  came  tp  Amity  Tp.,  Livingston 
Co.,  iu  1861,  and  died  June  12,  1875  ;  he 
owned  at  the  time  of  his  death  628  acres  of 
land  in  this  county,  valued  at  $20,000  ;  he 
also  dealt  quite  largely  in  live  stock,  and  also 
buying  grain.     Mr.  Blake  was  one  of  this 
township's  most  prominent  citizens  at  the  ; 
time  of  his  death,  having  held  the  offices 
of  Supervisor,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and 
other  offices  bf  trust. 

H.    M.    CORNELL,    dealer    in     real 
estate,    Cornell ;    was    born   in   Newport, 


R.  I.,  Sept.  4,  1836 ;  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  early  childhood ;  went  to 
school  at  Farm  Ridge  Academy  two  years. 
Married  Jan.  1,  1860,  to  Miss  M.  S.  Coe, 
in  Livingston  Co. ;  she  was  born  in  Cham- 
bersburg,  Tnd.,  in  1841  ;  they  have  had 
eleven  children,  seven  living,  four  dead — 
Sarah,  born  Oct.  27,  1861  ;  Flora,  born 
July.  1863 ;  Lawrence  W.  (dead), born  May 
16, 1865  ;  Martha  E.,  born  Dec.  5,  1867  ; 
Mary  (dead),  born  Dec.  5,  1867  ;  Bertha, 
born  June  10,  1869;  Henry  (dead),  born 
Nov.  10,  1871  ;  John  fdead),  born  June 
25,  1873;  Dick  H.,  born'  June  25, 
1874;  Joan,  born  June  14,  1876;  Ray- 
mond, born  April  3,  1878.  Mr.  Cornell 
set  the  first  stakes  for  what  is  now  Cor- 
nell, building  the  first  store  and  dwell- 
ing ;  he  is  principal  owner  in  a  coal  shaft, 
owning  three-quarters  of  it ;  also,  about 
fifteen  buildings  in  Cornell  composed  of 
offices,  stores,  shops,  and  dwelling  houses ; 
of  the  last  he  owns  one  of  the  finest  in 
Cornell  ;  he  also  owns  3.000  acres  of  land, 
about  800  being  in  Illinois,  the  balance  in 
other  States.  He  enlisted  in  Co.  H,  11th  I. 
V.  C,  from  Warren  Co.,  as  private,  and  was 
promoted  to  First  Lieutenant ;  he  remained 
thirty-two  months,  and  resigned  on  ac- 
count of  sickness.  He  has  been  President 
of  the  Town  Board. 

T.  M.  CAMPBELL,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  he  was  born  June,  1824,  in  Lick- 
ing Co.,  Ohio;  he  removed  with  his 
parents,  Thomas  and  Mary,  to  Ohio,  and 
remained  there  a  few  years ;  from  there 
they  removed  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  in 
1835,  and  located  where  T.  M.  now  re- 
sides. He  married.  May  11,  1855,  Miss 
Elizabeth  Darling;  they  have  six  children, 
three  living  and  three  dead — May,  de- 
ceased ;  Mary,  deceased ;  Sarah,  born  in 
1863  ;  Frank,  August,  1864  ;  Cora,  1867  ; 
Irene,  deceased.  He  owns  360  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $35  per  acre,  on  Sees.  5 
and  6.  He  has  been  Road  Commissioner 
three  years  ,  also  held  the  office  of  School 
Director. 

WALTER  CORNELL,  farmer,  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  Newport,  R.  I.,  April 
3,  1811  ;  came  to  Illinois  Aug.  26, 1838  ; 
worked  on  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal 
as  engineer  part  of  year  ;  he  then  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  and  entered  200  acres  of 
Government  land,  paid  $1.25  per  acre, 
which  he    lately  sold    for   $30    per   acre. 


AMITY  TOWNSHIP. 


'01 


Married  Sarah  C.  Eldred,  April,  1835  ;  she 
was  born  in  South  Kintrston,  R.I.,  1813,  died 
April  IG,  1851,  leaviiifr  three  children — 
Henry  M.,  born  Sept.  4,  1836  ;  Walter  C, 
born  1843,  died  1845;  Waher  B.,  born 
May  5,  1850;  was  married  March  31, 
1 852,  to  Louisa  Jones  in  Marshall  Co.,  111. ; 
she  was  born  in  Champaign  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1825  ;  they  have  had  nine  children,  only 
two  are  living — Jessie,  born  Jan.  1,  18(35; 
Cora,  born  Jan.  29,  1870.  After  occupy- 
ing county  offices  which  will  be  mentioned 
in  County  History,  he  was  elected  County 
Treasurer  twice,  and  School  Commissioner 
one  term,  and  has  been  Town  Assessor 
eleven  years,  and  has  also  held  various 
school  offices ;  ha.s  been  Postmaster  for 
seven  years.  He  now  owns,  after  selling, 
etc.,  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $10,000, 
and  other  j)roperty  to  the  amount  of 
$2,000 ;  he  established  the  first  Sunday 
school  in  Livingston  Co. 

MARL\  CARROLL,  farming,  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  she  was  bom  in  New  York  State 
in  1835,  and  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in 
early  childhood  with  her  parents,  Amos 
and  Abigail  Edwards,  and  located  in  Ami- 
ty Tp.  She  married  Josiah  Carroll,  in 
April,  1860,  in  Amity  Tp.  ;  he  was  born 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  March  30, 
1836,  and  died  Aug.  10,  1865  ;  they  have 
four  children — Charles  H.,  born  May  9. 
1861  ;  Amos  Walter,  born  Sept.  29,  1862  \ 
Elsworth  Josiah,  born  Sept  9,  1864  ;  John 
Manning,  born  March  28,  1866,  who  was 
horn  after  his  father's  death.  Mr.  Carroll 
came  from  Pennsylvania  to  Illinois  in  1853, 
locating  in  Amity  at  that  time.  At  the 
lime  of  his  death,  he  was  Overseer  of 
Highways.  They  own  110  acres  of 
land. 

WILLIAM  P.  DAVIS,  farmer,  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  Chautau<{ua  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  in  1833;  he  came  in  early  childhood 
to  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  with  his  parents,  Na- 
hum  and  Nancy  Davis;  March  4,  1856, 
he  came  to  Amity  Tp.,  Livingston  Co., 
and  located  where  he  now  resides  ;  he  owns 
80  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §40  per  acre. 
He  married  Lucetta  C.  Miner,  in  Serena, 
La  Salle  Co.,  Oct.  27.  1852  ;  she  was  born 
in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  8,  1832; 
they  have  seven  children  living,  one  dead 
— Ezra  K.,  Theodore  P..  Marcia  A.,  Esma- 
ralda  J.,  Charles  M.,  Gurden  H.,  William 
G.     Has  held  the  office  of  School  Director.   ! 


AMOS  EDWARDS,  farmer;  P.O.  Cor- 
nell ;  he  was  born  Dec.  15,  1860,  in 
Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  remained  there  twenty- 
eight  years  ;  moved  from  there  to  Sandusky 
Co.,  Ohio,  remaining  there  four  years  and  a 
half  thence  to  Livingston  Co.,  Amity  Tp. 
He  married  Abigail  Coffin,  Sept.  19, 
1833;  she  was  born  Dec.  1,  1811,  and 
died  Oct.  14,  1840;  had  three  children 
— Maria,  Harriet  Ann  and  Henry  C. 
Married  Mrs.  Laura  Lownsberry.  in 
1841;  she  was  born  Jan.  1,  1807,  and 
died  Jan.  27,  1875  ;  had  one  child — Sarah, 
decea.«ed  ;  she  married  J.  H.  Bruce,  leav- 
ing two  children ;  he  again  married  Mrs. 
Jemima  Talbot,  May  21,  1876;  she  was 
born  Dec.  16,  1809.  He  has  commissions 
from  diiferent  governors  as  Deputy  P.  M., 
for  thirteen  years,  and  County  Surveyor 
for  twelve  years.  Taught  school  in  his 
own  house,  his  own  and  nei<rhbors"  children, 
receiving  as  compensation  fifty  cents  per 
day ;  he  entered  land  from  the  Govern- 
ment at  $1.25,  which  would  not  have  .sold 
for  S5.00  per  acre,  until  S.  A.  Douglas 
got  the  grant  for  the  Illinois  Central  R.  R,, 
in  1852,  when  land  raised  to  S25  per 
acre  ;  in  1862  he  refused  §40  per  acre  for 
his  land. 

CHARLES  EARP,  decea.sed,  farmer  ; 
P.  0.  Cornell;  was  born  in  1808  in  Not- 
tingham, England  ;  in  early  childhood,  he 
came  to  America  with  his  parents.  William 
and  Sarah.  He  was  married  in  1831,  to 
Esther  Morledge,  at  Pittsburgh,  Penn. ;  she 
was  born  1811,  at  Derbysliire,  England, 
and  came  to  U.  S.  with  her  father.  John 
Morledge,  her  mother  having  died  when 
she  was  but  four  years  of  age  ;  her  father 
first  settled  in  Columbiana  Co.,  Ohio, 
where  he  died  1837  ;  Mr.  Earp  died  Oct. 
7,  1873;  owning  at  the  time  of  his  death 
about  440  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  pt  r 
acre,  which  since  his  death  has  been  'di- 
vided among  his  children,  of  which  there 
are  eight  living — William,  Caroline,  Omer 
Desaline,  Sarah  A.,  CharlesS.,  Mary  Ellen, 
and  John  W.  Mr.  Earp  located  in  Living 
ston  Co.,  Amity  Tp..  in  1842. 

MORRIS  FOLEY,  farmer  ;  P.O.  Cor- 
nell ;  was  born  in  Ireland,  1827  ;  became 
to  America  in  1851,  and  his  parents  and 
their  family  came  the  year  followinti :  he 
located  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  staving  there 
five  years,  and  then  removed  to  Livingston 
Co.,   and  has  lived    on    his  present  farm 


702 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


for  the  past  twelve  years  ;  he  owns  252 
acres  of  land  in  Amity  Tp.,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre,  and  eighty  in  Newtown,  valued 
at  S30.  In  1858,  he  married  Bridget 
Whalen  ;  she  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1840  ; 
they  have  ten  children  living — Patrick  H., 
born  March  22,  1859 ;  Mary  Ellen,  born 
Dec.  17,  1860;  Morris,  born  Oct.  22, 
1862;  John  W.,  born  May  26,  1864; 
Francis  Jane,  born  Jan.  13,  1866  ;  Dennis, 
born  Feb.  13,  1868  ;  Thomas  Edward, 
born  Oct.  1,  1870  ;  Hannah,  born  Oct.  10, 
1872;  Philip  C,  born  March  31,  1875; 
Katie  Ann,  born  Dec.  14,  1876  ;  also  one 
child  deceased — Katie  Agnes,  born  Sept. 
11,  1874,  died  Aug.  10,  1875.  He  at 
present  holds  the  office  of  School  Di- 
rector. 

ALFRED  GAURLEY,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  East  Virginia  in 
1826,  and  came  to  Amity  Tp.  in  1865 ; 
farmed  in  Virginia;  when  he  came  to 
Am  it}'  he  located  where  he  now  resides ; 
he  owns  250  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre  ;  he  also  owns  320  acres  in  Kan- 
sas, valued  at  $3  per  acre.  He  married 
Rebecca  J.  Farris,  in  West  Virginia,  in 
1856  ;  she  was  born  in  West  Virginia,  in 
1842  ;  they  have  nine  children  living — 
Sarah  E.,  James,  Josephine,  Abel,  Thomas 
B.,  Edgar,  Mary,  Alice  J.,  Columbus.  He 
is  present  incumbent  of  office  of  Road  Com- 
missioner, and  also  has  held  the  office  of 
School  Director. 

J.  P.  HOUSTON,  farmer  and  minister ; 
P.O.  Cornell ;  was  bom  in  Bourbon  Co.,  Ky., 
Nov.  14, 1824;  in  1841,  removed  to  Indiana 
with  his  mother  ;  1845,  returned  to  Ken- 
tucky, and  was  married  Jan.  26,  1846,  to 
Miss  Sarah  A.  Horton  ;  in  1857,  he  re- 
moved to  Missouri,  but  remained  but  a 
short  time,  and  then  came  to  Illinois,  lo- 
cating in  La  Salle  Co. ;  in  1865,  he  re- 
mcJved  to  Livingston  Co.,  Amity  Tp.,  where 
he  now  resides;  his  wife  died  Oct.  22, 
1850,  leaving  one  child — Samuel  Lee ; 
married  Jan.  3,  1854,  to  Sarah  A.  Holtz- 
man  ;  she  was  born  in  Hardy  Co.,  Virginia, 
in  1834;  they  have  four  children,  three 
living — Louisa,  Harvey  R.,  Fannie  D. ; 
Carrie  L.  deceased ;  Pearl  Myrtle.  He 
owns  257  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
aci'e ;  he  makes  stock  a  specialty.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Supervisor  three  years, 
also  been  Assessor,  School  Trustee  and  Di- 
rector. 


JAMES  H.  HAYES,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  La  Salle  Co..  111.,  in 
1837  ;  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1857. 
In  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  C,  53d  I. 
V.  I.  ;  in  the  battle  of  Hatchie  he  was 
wounded  in  the  shoulder,  and  was  in  hos- 
pital for  seven  months,  and  was  honorably 
discharged  after  seventeen  months'  service; 
for  two  or  three  years  Mr.  Hayes  was  not 
able  to  do  much  on  account  of  wounds.  He 
married  Rachel  Mabee,  in  this  township,  in 
1867 ;  she  was  born  in  Canada  West, 
1 844  ;  they  have  two  children  living — 
Freddie  and  Zella  ;  he  owns  120  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S50  per  acre.  Has  held 
the  office  of  School  Director. 

SIMON  JAMISON,  farmer,  P.  0., 
Cornell  ;  was  born  in  Ross  Co.,  Ohio,  May 
31,  1837  ;  his  parents  moved  when  he  was 
about  8  years  of  age,  to  an  adjoining 
county,  but  in  time  removed  to  Mercer 
Co.,  Ohio,  where  they  both  are  at  present 
living  ;  their  names  are  William  and  Sarah 
Jamison  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came 
to  Amity  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  in  1868. 
He  married  Mary  E.  Kline,  in  Fayette 
Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  6^1859  ;  she  was  born  in 
Fayette  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  17,  1838  ;  they 
have  three  children — Edward  A.,  born 
Oct.  23,  1859  ;  Sarah  C,  Aug.  10,  1861 ; 
Carrie  Allen,  Dec.  19,  1865.  He  owns 
16(t  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre 
on  Sees.  17  and  20.  Has  held  the  office 
of  School  Trustee  for  nine  years,  and  he 
is  the  present  incumbent  of  the  office  of 
Road  Commissioner,  which  office  he  has 
held  for  six  years. 

EDWIN  R.  LUCUS,  farmer;  P.O., 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  Vermilion  Co.,  Ill, 
in  February,  1844;  in  early  childhood  his 
parents  removed  to  Mo.,  but  remained 
there  only  one  year  and  returned  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  Amity  Tp.,  in  1857  ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  enlisted  in  July,  1862, 
at  Pontiac,  in  Co.  A,  129th  I.  V.  I.;  was 
in  the  service  about  three  years,  passing 
through  many  battles  without  receiving  a 
scratch.  He  married  Martha  Conwell,  in 
Waldo  Tp.,  this  county,  April  10,  1870 ; 
she  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1851 ;  they  have 
four  children  living,  one  dead ;  those  liv- 
ing are  Anna  A.,  Viola  Gr.,  Viota  G., 
Lillie  L.  He  owns  80  acres  of  land  on 
Sec.  19,  valued  at  $35  per  acre. 

LEVI  LOUDERBACK,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Cornell ;  was  born   in   Vermilion   Co., 


AMITY  TOWNSHIP. 


T03 


111.,  in  1832  ;  he  came  with  his  parents  in 
1837,  to  Livingston  Co  ;  Levi  now  lives 
on  the  old  homestead.  He  married  S.  J. 
Streach,  in  Amity  Township,  March  1, 
1863 ;  she  was  born  in  Tipi)ecanoe  Co., 
Ind.,  in  Feb.  19,  1840;  they  have  four 
children  living — Ulysses,  born  March  1, 
18G4  ;  Hattie  C,  born  Oct.  26th,  1865  ; 
Ella,  born  July  11,  1867  ;  John  S.,  born 
Feb.'  10,  1869;  Guy,  born  Feb.  3,  1875. 
He  owns  1452  acre.s  of  land.  Mrs. 
Louderback's  parents  are  living  on  their 
farm  close  by  the  children. 

LIBERTY  LOUDERBACK,  farmer 
and  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  P.O.  Cornell ;  he 
was  born  in  Ohio,  Brown  Co.,  in  1824; 
he  came  in  early  childhood  with  his  par- 
ents, Thomas  and  Sarah  Louderback, 
Nov.,  1831,  to  Vermilion  Co.,  111.;  in 
April,  1837,  they  removed  to  Amity  Tp., 
Livingston  Co.,  111.  On  26th  day  of  April, 
1849,  he  married  Mary  Jane  Corbin,  in 
Livingston  Co.,  Rook's  Creek ;  she  was 
born  Oct,  9,  1827,  in  State  of  Virginia. 
He  settled  on  Government  land.  They 
have  six  children — John  H.,  born  March 
25,  1850 ;  George,  born  Oct.  9,  1851  ; 
Chester,  born  April  9,  1854;  Julia  A., 
born  Oct.  18,  1856  ;  Hersie  J.,  born  Sept. 
28,  1863;  Harriet  C,  born  April  26, 
1868.  He  was  elected  Justice  of  the 
Peace  in  Nov.,  1854,  and  has  been  contin- 
ued with  the  exception  of  three  years ; 
also  been  Supervisor  three  or  four  terms; 
has  acted  in  -the  capacity  of  School  Treas- 
urer eight  years,  and  has  filled  other  school 
offices  ;  he  owns  255.75  acres  of  land  on 
Sees.  16,  20  and  23,  valued  at  $35  per 
acre  ;  he  is  one  of  self-made  men  of  the 
town,  never  having  had  over  eight  months' 
school  in  his  life.  Mrs.  L.  was  the  oldest 
lady  settler  but  one  in  the  township,  coming 
here  with  her  parents,  David  and  Cathe- 
rine Corbin,  in  1831,  and  has  resided  here 
ever  since. 

WILLIAM  McVAY  (deceased),  farm- 
er; P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Penn.,  July  15,  1820.  He  mar- 
ried Dec.  2,  1847,  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  to 
Matilda  Mills  ;  she  was  born  in  Washing- 
tun  Co..  Penn.,  Jan.  18,  1826.  He  fol- 
lowed farming  after  his  marriage,  until 
1857,  when  they  came  West,  locating  in 
Living.ston  Co..  Amity  Tp.,  where  his 
family  now  resides ,  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
which  occurred  July   15,  1874,  he  owned 


280  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre ;  had  since  coming  to  this  township 
held  the  offices  of  Road  Commissioner 
and  School  Director,  also  was  Deacon 
of  Christian  Church.  •  They  have  had 
eight  children,  five  living — Almina,  Isa- 
bell,  Albert  (dead);  Francis,  Ida  (dead); 
Ira,  Willie  P.  (dead);  Willis.  Mr. 
McVay  was  much  respected  by  all  who 
knew  him,  and  his  loss  was  deeply  felt  by 
his  familv  and  friends. 

JOHN    MITCHELL,  farmer;  P.    0. 
Cornell ;  was  born  in  Norway,  Stavanger, 
in  1819  ;  when  old  enough,  Mr.   Mitchell 
went  on  the  ocean  as  seaman,  on   merchant 
vessels,  and  was  in  port  in   America  twice 
before  coming  here  to  settle  ;  he   also   was 
at    different    ports   in  different  countries, 
sailing    for    nine    years;       in     1847,    he 
came    to    America,  locating    at    no    par- 
ticular   place,    but    going    from     Chica- 
go to  New  Orleans,  working  for  two  years 
in  Louisiana  and  adjoining  States  on  the 
levees ;  he  also  ran  a  boat  from  La  Salle 
to  Chicago,  on  the   Canal ;  his   first   loca- 
tion was  on  Otter  Creek,  in   La  Salle  Co., 
in  1850.     Dec.  1,  he  married  Bertie  Oak- 
land, in  Ottawa ;  she  was  born  in  Norway, 
in  1831  ;  they  have  six  children — Isabella 
C,    Albert   N.,    Johnnie,    Elizabeth    M.; 
James  Murry,  Joseph  D.     In   1853,   he 
came  to  Amity  Tp.,  and  took  up  forty  acres ; 
when    he   came    he    had  only  horses  and 
wagon,  and  the  third  year  he  was  taken 
sick,  not  being  able  to  work  for  two  years, 
and  was  obliged  to  sell  everything  he   had 
in  order  to  pay  his  doctor  bill ;  but  through 
hard,  honest,  persistent  industry,  has  ac- 
cumulated around   him   760   acres,   all  in 

jrood  cultivation,  and  amonp;  the  best  build- 
er o 

ings  in  the  township  ;  he  also  owns  iu 
Iowa,  150  acres;  the  land  at  home  val- 
ued at  $40  per  acre,  and  the  Iowa  land  at 
$1(1  per  acre,  besides  owning  considerable 
personal  property.  Mr.  Mitchell  for  many 
years  in  the  early  times  was  called  -'the 
Norwegian  King,"  a  name  given  by  his 
generosity  to  his  fellow  countrymen. 

i:BEN  NORTON,  physician,  Cornell ; 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Me.,  in  1825, 
March  5th  ;  when  about  4  years  of  age, 
his  mother  dying,  he  went  to  an  adjoining 
town  and  lived  with  an  aunt;  1844 
his  aunt  removed  to  Warren  Co.,  Ohio ; 
when  21  years  of  age,  he  worked  on  alarm 
four  months,  and  then    went  to  school  at 


704 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


Lebanon  Academy,  Warren  Co.,  attending 
three  terms,  and  from  school  commenced 
reading  medicine  with  a  man  in  same 
county,  attending  lectures  in  Cincinnati ; 
commenced  practicing  medicine  in  Main- 
ville,  Ohio,  in  1850,  staying  there  about 
four  years ;  then  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  and  located  at  what  was  then  called 
New  Michigan,  but  now  called  Newtown  ; 
he  practiced  medicine  until  1871,  when  he 
moved  to  Cornell  and  started  a  drug  store, 
which  he  now  owns ;  does  not  practice  but 
very  little,  making  the  drug  business  his 
main  occupation.  He  married  Phebe  Jane 
Cain,  in  1853;  she  was  born  in  Maine, 
1832  ;  they  have  three  children — Joel  Har- 
rison, A.  C.,  Eben  Douglas.  He  was  one 
of  the  lirst  Board  of  Supervisors  sent  from 
Newtown,  and  acted  in  that  capacity  three 
terms  from  that  place,  and  has  been  sent 
from  Amity  Tp.,five  times;  he  also  is  one 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

CHARLES  H.  ROWELL,  laborer  ;  P. 
0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
1853  ;  in  1861  he  removed  with  parents  to 
Maine,  his  father  entering  the  service  ;  in 
1867  they  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  111., 
Amity  Tp.  In  1876  he  married  Cora 
B.  Buckles  ;  !?he  was  born  in  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  Aug.  16,  1859  ;  her  mother  lives  in 
Jackson  Co.,  111.  He  has  been  a  resident 
of  Amity  Township  eleven  years  ;  has  been 
farming  for  himself  until  the  present 
year. 

JOHN  J.  REEDER,  insurance  and  real 
estate,  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Troy  Grove, 
La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  March,  1 841;  he  enlisted  in 
February,  1862,  at  Ottawa,  111.,  in  Co.  A, 
53d  I.  V.  I.,  for  three  years  ;  when  bis  time 
was  up  he  re-enlisted  and  pa.ssed  through 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Atlanta  and  others, 
and  was  slightly  wounded  in  the  head  ;  at 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  mustered  out 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  July  27,  1865;  the 
year  following  he  came  to  this  county, 
locating  at  Odell,  working  three  years  at 
carpentering,  and  dealing  in  real  estate  and 
insurance  one  year  ;  went  to  south  part  of 
the  State,  remaining  three  years,  thence,  to 
Cornell,  Amity  Township,  making  real 
estate  and  insurance  his  main  occupation. 
Married  Mary  J.  Longnecker,  at  Pontiac, 
Aug.  28,  1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Sunbury, 
Livingston  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  1,  1850;  they 
have  had  two  children — Mildred  J.,  born 
Nov.    17,    1868,    died  Nov.    14,    1874; 


Edna  N.,  Nov.  27,  1877.  Held  the  office 
of  Township  Clerk  two  years  in  Odell  and 
serving  second  year  in  this  township  in 
same  capacity. 

A.  L.  TRIM,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Cornell;  was  born  in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y., 
in  1820  ;  in  1835  went  to  New  York  City, 
and  shipped  on  sea  ;  was  gone  five  years, 
staying  home  but  a  short  time,  and  shipped 

1   again  in    1841  ;  was  made  Captain,  sailing 

1  as  Capt:iin  for  three  years ;  his  parents 
having  within  this  time  removed  to  Porter 
Co.,  Ind.,  he  returned  home  in  1844  ;  his 
father  at  that  time  was  Sheriff  of  Porter 
Co.  ;  his  eyesight  failing,  the  son  acted  as 
Deputy  Sheriff  for  two  years  ;  in  1 847  he 
again     shipped    on     the     sea,    going    to 

!  Gibraltar  and  to  Mobile  ;  in  1848,  took 
agency  for  Western  Fur  Co.  ;  from  1849 
to  1854  he  was  in  store,  hotel  and  farming  ; 

!  went  to  sea  in  1852,  and  in  1854  was  mar- 
ried to  Amarilla  S.  Hayes  ;  she  died  in 
January,  1856,  leaving  one  son — Moses 
Lee,   born   in    January.    1856  ;    January, 

1  1857,  he  married  Sarah  M.  Hayes  ; 
since  which,  up  to  1865,  he  has  been  on  the 
sea  five  years,  also  run  hotel,  store  and 
rectifying  houses  ;  in  1865,  he  was  all 
burned  out,  and  came  West  and  located  in 
Newtown,  Livingston  Co. ;  was  in  the  mer- 
cantile trade  up  to  1868,  when  he  sold  out 
and  went  to  farming,  which  he  continued 
until  1873,  when  he  went  to  Cornell  and 
worked  at  carpentering  ;  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  1877,  which  office  he  now 
holds.  Mr.  Trim  has  been  burned  out 
entirely  three  times  in  his  life,  and  also 
lost  at  one  time  $2,875  by  pickpockets. 

JAMES  W.  WILLIS,  collection  ;  P. 
0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Hennepin,  Putnam 
Co.,  111.,  in  1832;  is  the  oldest  white  per- 
son living  who  was  born  at  that  place  ;  he 
lived  in  Putnam,  Bureau  and  La  Salle  Cos., 
excepting  six  years  spent  in  Minn,  and 
Iowa,  until  1861,  when  he  enlisted  as  pri- 

;  vate  in  Co.  E,  4th  I.  V.  C.  ;  he  served  as 
private.  First  Sergt.,  Second  and  First 
Lieuts.  until  the  P' all  of  1864,  after  which 
he  spent  three  years  South  in  employ  of 
the  Government  ^nd  Adams  Express  Co., 
after  which  he  engaged  in  livery  busi- 
ness at  Minonk,  Woodford  Co..  111.  ;  moved 
to  Cornell  in  Fall  of  1872,  in  which  place 
he  has  held  the  offices  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace  and  Village  Clerk  respectively  four  and 
three  years,  and  now  conducts  the  principal 


NEWTOWN  TOWNSHIP. 


705 


collection  agency  of  the  place  ;  also  practices 
in  Justice  of  the  Peace  Courts  ;  is  enjoying 
a  pleasant  home  with  his  wife,  whose  niaidoii 
name  was  Mary  Baxandalo  ;  she  was  born 


in  Pennsylvania  in  1885,  and  was  married 


at  H 


ennepm. 


111. 


in  1857  ;  they  have  two 
children,  named  Frank  P.  and  Flora  C, 
aged  respectively  20  and  18  years. 


NEWTOWN    TOWNSHIP. 


WALTER  C.  ALLEN,  farmer ;  P.  O. 
Collins.  Liberal  ;  Democrat.  Born  in 
England,  June  24,  1847 ;  came  to  this 
country  with  his  mother  in  1860;  his 
father  died  in  England,  May  20, 1859,  aged 
60  year.s  ;  his  mother  is  still  living;  she  was 
born  in  England,  Dec.  18,  1808.  Mr. 
Allen  is  the  youngest  of  ten  children — 
Charles  died  in  Australia  in  1868.  aged 
41  ;  John  was  drowned  in  the  Termaken 
River,  New  Zealand,  April  10,  1865, 
aged  21  ;  Emma  died  in  England  in  1868  ; 
James  and  Ellen  reside  in  Australia,  hav- 
ing been  there  tit'teen  years  ;  Joseph  was  a 
soldier  in  the  late  war  ;  served  one  year  in 
the  1 29th  I.  V.  L  ;  was  then  detailed  to 
serve  in  the  Quartermaster's  Department ; 
after  the  war  he  obtained  a  position  in  the 
Surveyor's  office  at  Washington,  D.  C, 
under  the  Hon.  Wm.  Forsyth,  Surveyor 
of  the  District  of  Columbia,  where  he  still 
remains.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the 
above-named  gentleman  ;  she  died  in  1875, 
leaving  no  children.  Walter  resides 
on  a  farm  of  183  acres  in  Newtown  Tp., 
which  belongs  to  his  brother  Joseph,  his 
aged  mother  residing  with  him. 

HENRY  BRANDES,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Smithdale.  Protestant ;  Repub- 
lican. Owns  160  acres,  valued  at  $48  per 
acre  ;  born  in  Germany,  Aug.  16,  1848. 
Married  Carrie  Hacke,  March  6,1878; 
born  in  Germany  Sept.  11,  1858.  Mr. 
Brandes  came  to  this  State  from  Germany 
in  1871»;  remained  in  Chicago  three  years, 
working  in  a  furniture  factory  principally  ; 
worked  at  carpentering  in  this  neighbor- 
hood for  four  years ;  commenced  farming 
this  Spring. 

B.  C.  BOWN,  farmer,  Sec.  18  ;  P.  0. 
Collins.  Episcopal ;  Democrat.  Owns 
24<(  acres  ;  was  born  in  England  in  March, 
1820.  Married  Eliza  Allen,  a  sister  of 
Walter  Allen  ;  she  was  born  in  England, 
Feb.   4,    1825.     Mr.    Bowu  emigrated  to 


this  country  in  the  year  1868,  bringing 
his  family  of  ten  children  with  him ;  he 
settled  on  the  land  that  he  now  owns  .soon 
after  his  arrival ;  and  has  made  all  the  im- 
provements that  are  on  it;  Albert,  the 
eldest,  wa's  born  June  15,  1847;  Charles 
Edward  was  born  Sept.  23,  1848 ;  Lauta 
Julia,  born  Aug.  28,  1850  ;  Eliza,  born 
April  21,  1858;  Annie,  born  July  28, 
1855;  Kate  Helena,  born  Sept.  8,  1857; 
Thomas,  born  June  6.  1859  ;  Ada  Lillian, 
born  March  12,  1861;  Benjamin  C,  born 
March  1,  1863;  John  Allen,  born  May 
9,  1866.  Mr.  Bown  is  a  man  that  is 
much  respected  in  the  community  where 
he  resides,  and  has  held  several  offices  o+ 
trust. 

ABEL  K.  BROWER,  stock  raiser  and 
dealer ;  P.  0.  Collins.  Liberal ;  Green- 
back. Owns  240  acres,  part  in  Amity 
and  part  in  Suubury  Tps.,  valued  at  $35 
per  acre;  born  in  Ashtabula  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  11,  1843.  Married  Nov.  27, 1868, 
Josephine  C.  Nichols,  daughter  of  Cap- 
tain James  Nichols,  of  Sunbury  Tp. ;  she 
was  born  in  Providence,  R.  I.,  Jan.  3, 
1842;  have  had  five  children,  four  of 
whom  are  now  living — Mary,  born  Sept. 
15,  1869  ;  James  Arlineus,  born  Oct.  3, 
1871  ;  Charles  Abel,  born  Feb.  18,  1874  ; 
William  Nichols,  born  June  29,  1876  ; 
Harry  Treneus,  born  Feb.  25,  1878,  died 
of  small-pox  April  4,  1878.  Mr.  Brower 
came  to  this  county  with  his  parents,  from 
Ohio,  in  April,  18(52  ;  remained  with  his 
father  until  he  was  21,  during  which  time 
he  attended  school  at  the  Ottawa  Academy, 
at  Ottawa,  111.,  one  year;  since  he  has 
been  of  age  he  has  been  farming  princi- 
pally. The  small-pox  broke  out  in  his 
family  March  10,  of  the  present  year,  and 
all  were  sick,  including  Mr.  Brower's 
father  and  mother;  also  a  young  man 
of  the  name  of  Wm.  Miller,  and  a  young 
lady  of  the  name    of  Maggie   McKoown ; 


706 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


they  all  recovered  but  the  youngest,  an 
infant,  an  account  of  which  is  given  else- 
where. Mr.  Brower  held  the  office  of  Su- 
pervisor three  years  in  Sunbury. 

JOHN  L.  CUSICK,  farmer,  Sec.  28; 
P.  0.  Collins.   Liberal ;  Greenback.  Owns 
120  acres,  valued  at  f50  per  acre;    was 
born    in    Ashtabula    Co.,   Ohio,   Sept.    1, 
1843.     Married  Isabella  A.  Leonard,  Feb. 
15,  1864;    she  was  born   Feb.  27,  1847, 
in  Du  Page  Co.,  111.;  have  three  children, 
all  living — Mary,  born  March  13,  1855; 
Frank,  born   Dec.   5,    1866  ;    John,  born 
March  23,  1869.     Mr.  C.  can  properly  be 
classed  as  one  of  the  best  farmers  in  this 
county ;   a  glance  at  his  finely  cultivated 
fields  shows  at  once  that  he  is  thoroughly 
skilled  in   his  profession ;    he  is   a  great 
reader  and  keeps  himself  and  family  well 
supplied  with    newspapers   and    books,  in 
the  selection  of  which  he  is  very  particu- 
lar to  have  only  those  that  contain  matter 
that  has  a  tendency  to  educate  and  refine. 
JAMES CALDER, farmer.  Sec.  36;  P. 
O.      Collins.      Presbyterian ;    Greenback. 
Owns  406  acres  (140  of  it  in  Iowa,  val- 
ue $20),  valued  $40.    Born  in  Ohio,  June 
14,  1821.     Married  Mary  E.  Brown,  May 
25,  1854;  she  was  born  July   21,  1833; 
have  had  ten  children,  seven  of  whom  are 
now    living — John    W.,   born    April    11, 
1855  (he  now  lives  on   the   Iowa  farm); 
Charles  Lester,  born   May  24,  1856,  died 
March    18,   1863 ;  George    Thomas,  born 
Sept.  10,  1858,  died  May  1,  1877  ;  James 
Carleton,  born  Oct.  3,1859  ;  Robert  Oliver, 
born  Feb.  z8,  1861,  died  Feb.  26,  1874; 
Anna  0.,   born   Jan.   4,    1863 ;    Lucretia 
and  Luella  (twins),  born  March  1,  1865; 
Marion    D.    and    Mary    C.   (twins),  born 
Feb.  4,  1873.     Mrs.  C.'s  father  came  from 
his   native   State   (Penn.)  to   this    county 
about  the  year  1836,  and  settled  on  Mud 
Creek,  in  the  township  now  known  as  Sun- 
bury,  which  township  he  named  after  the 
town  in  Pennsylvania  where  he  formerly 
resided ;    in   the  early  settlement   of   the 
country  he  carried  the  mail  between  Dan- 
ville and  Ottawa,  making  weekly  trips  and 
carrying  it  on  horseback ;  he  also  carried 
on  the  business  of  farming  at  the  same 
time;  he  died  about  the  year  1850,  at  the 
age  of  44.     Her  mother  died    in    1866  ; 
she  was   born  in    Pennsylvania,  and   was 
about  65.     Mrs.  Calder  is  one  of  the  old- 
est settlers  in  the  county,  she  havipg  lived 


in  this  immediate  neighborhood  for  forty- 
two  years ;  she  can  remember  going  to 
Pontiac  when  she  was  a  girl ;  she  said  that 
at  that  time  there  were  only  two  or  three 
log  houses  and  a  Court  House,  the  latter  a 
two-story  frame  building;  between  Pon- 
tiac and  her  father's  house  on  Mud  Creek, 
in  Sunbury  Tp.,  a  distance  of  twelve 
miles,  no  houses  were  to  be  seen.  Mr.  C. 
held  office  of  Justice  of  Peace  four  years, 
also  several  other  minor  offices ;  he  came 
here  in  the  Spring  of  1851 ;  taught  school 
eighteen  years. 

CYRUS  CUSICK,  farmer,  Sec.  23 ;  P. 
0.,  Collins.  Christian  ;  Greenback.    Owns' 
302  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  - 
born  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28,  1812 
Married  Sardine  Marr,  Jan.  1,  1835  ;  sh 
was  born   Nov.  26,    1812  ;    have   had    si^ 
children,  only  three  of  whom  are  now    liv 
ing — Helen,  born  June  25,   1 838  ;    F  an 
nie,  born  Jan.  27,  1840  ;  she  married     L 
G.  Pearre,  Esq.,  of   Dwight,  and  resides 
in    that   place ;    John   L.,   born   Sept.    1, 
1842;  James,   born   July   19,  1846,  died 
Sept  27,  1858  ;  Rose  L.,  born  Nov.  17, 
1849,  died  Jan.  20, 1870  ;  Clark  G.,  born 
March    21,    1853,    died   Sept.    13,1877, 
from  damps,  while   descending  a  well  on 
the  0.    F.    Pearre   farm,    an    account    of 
which    is   given  elsewhere.     Mr.   C.  emi- 
grated from  N.  Y.  to  Michigan  when  he 
was    20    years    of    age ;    remained    there 
about  two  years  and  then  returned  to  N. 
Y.;  then  from  there  to  Ohio  and  then  to 
Michigan,  and  in  1851  to  this  county  and 
settled  on  the  place  where  he  now  resides; 
he  has  been   engaged   in   the  business   ot 
farming  ever  since  he  has  resided  here. 

JOHN  FOLEY,  farmer,  Sec.  36  ;  P. 
0.  Cornell.  Catholic ;  Greenback.  Owns 
252  acres,  valued  at  $35  per  acre ;  wa.>* 
born  in  Wexford  Co.,  Ireland,  about  1833. 
Married  Catherine  Whalen  April  12, 1856 ; 
she  was  born  in  the  same  county  in  Ireland, 
June  24,  1838  ;  have  had  nine  children 
born  to  them,  all  of  whom  are  living — 
Dennis,  born  Aug.  24, 1858  ;  Ellen,  June 
14,  1860;  Oney,  June  14,  1862;  Mary, 
July  5,  1864;  Philip,  July  1,  1866; 
Anna,  Oct.  24, 1868 ;  Katie,  Feb.  28, 1871 ; 
John,  March  23, 1 873 ;  Maggie  Elizabeth, 
May  18,  1876.  Mr.  F.  emigrated  from 
his  native  country  in  1852  ;  he  landed  at 
New  Orleans  April  1,  and  soon  after  came 
direct  from  there  to  Ottawa,  111.;  he  worked 


NEWTOWN  TOWNSHIP. 


707 


out  by  the  month  a  few  years  and  then 
rented  land  on  Indian  Creek,  in  La  Salle 
Co.,  and  engaged  in  fanning,  remaining 
there  about  seven  years ;,  from  there  he 
came  to  this  township  and  settled  where 
he  now  resides,  and  has  continued  the  busi- 
ness of  farming  ever  since  with  success. 
JOHN  W.  FLESHMAN,  farmer.  Sec. 
21  ;  P.  0.  Collins.  Methodist ;  Repub- 
lican. Owns  190  acres,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre ;  born  in  Vermilion  Co.,  Ind.,  April  23, 
1827;  emigrated  to  this  State  in  1861; 
engaged  in  farming,  which  business  he 
still  continues  to  follow  ;  for  the  past  few 
years  he  has  cultivated  from  200  to  300 
acres.  Has  been  married  tbree  times ;  he 
married  Margaret  J.  Lockett  March  27, 
1849  ;  she  was  born  June  18,  1828  ;  died 
Oct.  21,  1850  ;  one  child  was  born  to 
them  from  this  union  ;  married  Nancy  J. 
Lowe  Feb.  2(1,  1852  ;  she  was  born  Oct. 
19,  1833,  died  Oct.  3,  1858,  leaving  one 
child — Ida,  born  Sept.  8,  1858  ;  married 
Mary  M.  Hoobler,  his  present  wife,  Oct. 
2,  1859;  she  was  born  Dec.  27,  1834; 
have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom 
are  living — Flora  B.,  born  April  27,  1862, 
William,'  Jan.  29,  1864;  Frank,  March 
14,  1866;  Ira  Hull,  Jan.  31,  1868,  died 
Oct.  15,  1868;  Amos,  July  2,  1870; 
Minnie  Myrtle,  Sept.  15,1872;  Charles 
E.,  Nov.  10.  1874,  died  Oct.  9,  1875. 
Flora  is  a  very  fine  musician,  both  vocal  and 
instrumental  ;  although  only  16  years  of 
age,  .she  has  at  present  a  large  music  class, 
which  occupies  most  of  her  time.  Mr.  F. 
at  one  time  owned  one-third  interest  in 
the  steam  mill  at  Newtown  ;  held  office 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace  four  years ;  also 
offices  of  Town  Clerk  and  Assessor. 

DAVID  GOUTY,  farmer,  Sec.  27  ;  P. 

0.  Collins.     Liberal ;  Republican.     Owns 

two-thirds  interest  in  160  acres,  valued  at 

,    $35    per    acre ;    born   in   Vermilion    Co., 

I   Ind.,    March    16,     1850.       He    married 

I  Axa  Chapman,  daughter  of  S.  Chapman, 

'   Esq.,  Sept.   12,  1872;    she   was   born  in 

I  Trumbull    Co.,    Ohio.,   Aug.    12,    1851  ; 

'  have   one   child — Sanford   A.,  born  April 

'  21,  1877.     Mr.  G.  came  to  this  State  in 

1870jand  settled  in   New  Michigan,  this 

I  township  ;  was  engaged  in  the    mercantile 

'  business  with  David    Hoobler,  Esq.,  about 

three  years,  since  which  time  he  has  been 

entiaged  in  farming ;    Mrs.  Gouty's  father 

came   to  this   State   in    1853.      Mr.    G. 


has  held  the  office  of  Road  Commissioner 
one  term,  also  School  Director  one  term. 
His  father  (Thomas  Gouty)  died  in  In- 
diana in  the  year  1862,  at  the  age 
of  72  years;  his  mother,  Catherine  Gouty, 
still  resides  in  Vermilion  Co.,  Ind.;  she  is 
now  about  51  years  of  age. 

ANDREW'  J.  HOOBLER,  merchant, 
Collins.  Liberal;  Republican.  Owns  eighty- 
four  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,000  ;  also 
dwelling  house,  store  house,  and  real  estate 
in  Newtown,  to  the  value  of  $2,000  ;  he 
was  born  in  Indiana,  Sept.  18,  1838. 
Married  Sarah  L.  Leonard,  Feb.  8,  1859  ; 
she  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  May  30, 
1840  ;  havt'  had  four  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living — Fannie,  born  Oct. 
20,  1859  ;  Ora,  April  26,  1862  ;  Wilder, 
May  17,  1864;  Erastus,  Dec.  11,1867. 
Mr.  Hoobler  came  to  this  State  with  his 
parents  in  1851  ;  has  been  engaged  in  the 
business  of  farming  ever  since  that  time 
until  about  three  years  ago,  when  he 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business,  and 
which  he  still  continues.  Mr.  H.  keeps  s 
good  assortment  of  all  kinds  of  dry  gooda 
and  groceries  and  other  articles  usually 
kept  at  a  country  store. 

JOHN  D.  HOOBLER,  farmer  and 
stock  buyer  and  shipper  ;  P.  0.  Smithdale. 
United  Brethren ;  Republican.  Owns 
371 J  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ;  born 
in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  10,  1830  ; 
emigrated  from  there  to  this  town  in  1851 ; 
remained  with  Jacob  Phillips  one  year,  and 
worked  land  with  him.  In  1853,  he  mar- 
ried Miss  Lundy  Dec.  23,  1853;  she 
was  bora  in  this  county  May  16,  1834; 
died  May  2,  1870  ;  ten  children  were  born 
to  them — Frederick  E.,  born  Nov.  17. 
1853;  Otho,  born  Feb.  18,  1855;  Alice 
J.,  born  June  1,  1856  ;  Delphi  A.,  born 
Aug.  14,  1857  ;  Mary  E.,  born  July  13, 
185^9;  Elza,  born  Aug.  22,  1861,  died 
March  17,  1862;  Hannah  0.,  born  Jan. 
5,  1863  ;  Margaret  E.,  born  Sept.  9, 1864  ; 
Franklin,  born  Nov.  8,  1866  ;  Orville,  born 
April  18,  1870,  died  May  30,  1870.  Mr. 
H.  was  left  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  his 
wife  with  eight  children  ;  the  oldest  boy  was 
17  and  the  girl  was  14  ;  Mr.  H.  never 
married  since ;  he  has  kept  the  family 
together ;  second  year  after  the  death  of 
his  wife,  his  father  and  mother  resided  with 
them  until  March  1877.  Mr.  H.  has  iu 
connection  with  his  farming  been  engaged 


708 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES; 


in  buying  and  shipping  stock,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  three  years  that  he  was  in  Clark 
Co.  ( Westfield ),  to  which  place  he  had  gone 
to  educate  his  children.  Has  held  the 
office  of  Assessor  one  year. 

WILLIAM  HOOBLER,  farmer,  Sec. 
23 ;  P.  0.  Collins.  Liberal ;  Grreenback. 
Owns  195  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre; 
was  born  in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  Sept.  1^8, 
183 1 .  Married  Hannah  J.  Andrews  Aug. 
23,  1855;  she  was  born  June  24, 1835,  in 
Massachusetts  ;  have  had  eight  children, 
only  five  of  whom  are  living — Harriet  Es- 
tella,  born  May  26,  1856,  died  May  29, 
1860  ;  Mary  Abigail,  born  Feb.  3,  1858, 
deceased ;  Francis  Marion,  bom  Feb. 
20,  1860  ;  Olive  M.,  born  Nov.  28, 1863; 
Norah  E.,  born  April  11,  1866;  William 
Arthur,  born  Jan.  13,  1871,  died  Sept. 
30, 1872  ;  Minnie  M.,born  Aug.  29, 1872; 
Jacob,  born  May  30,  1876.  Francis,  his 
eldest  son.  met  with  a  misfortune  when  he 
was  about  5  years  of  age  ;  it  was  caused 
by  his  falling  with  a  sharp  stick  in  his 
mouth,  the  stick  penetrating  the  roof 
of  his  mouth  and  causing  paralysis  of 
the  right  side  ;  his  mental  faculties  are  un- 
impaired, but  he  is  physically  disabled  and 
it  is  with  difficulty  that  he  succeeds  in 
moving  about.  Mr.  H.  has  had  six  differ- 
ent physicians  attend  him  since  the  time  of 
the  accident  and  expended  about  SI, 000, 
but  no  relief  has  been  afforded  him  yet  of 
a  permanent  nature ;  still  he  does  not  de- 
spond. Mr.  H.  is  a  near  neighbor  of  Mr. 
Cyrus  Cusick,  Esq.,  and  was  the  first  person 
at  the  well  after  the  alarm  was  given  when 
the  three  young  men — Cusick,  Rummey 
and  Scovill — lost  their  lives  last  Fall.  It 
was  with  difficulty  that  he  could  restrain 
Mr.  Cyrus  Cusick  and  his  son  John  from 
going  down  in  the  well ;  and  he  says  that 
if  they  had  attempted  the  feat  their  lives 
would  have  paid  the  forfeit.  The  account  of 
this  given  in  another  part  of  this  work 
is  an  incident  of  the  most  thrilling  char- 
acter. 

HARRIET  J.  HOOBLER, farmer;  P. 
O.  Collins.  Methodist.  Owns  360  acres, 
valued  at  §35  per  acre ;  was  born  in  Indi- 
ana, Oct.  15, 1837.  Mrs.  H.  is  a  daughter 
of  Isaae  Myer.  Esq.,  of  Streator  ;  married 
W^m.  0.  Hoobler  Oct.  21,  1859  ;  he  was 
born  March  25,  1830  ;  died  Feb.  9, 1875  ; 
eight  children  were  born  to  them,  seven  of 
whom  are  now  living — David  H.,  born  Oct. 


25, 1859  ;  Albert  L.,  born  March  17, 1861 ; 
John  E.,  born  Sept.  l-l,  1862;  Greorge  A., 
born  Jan.  6,  1864  ;  William  S.,  born  Sepi. 
5,  1866 ;  Mary  R  ,  bora  March  6,  1868, 
died  Nov.  10,  1875  ;  Sarah  0.,  born  Nov. 
15,  1869  ;  Robert  I.,  born  March  4, 1871. 
A  short  time  previous  to  Mr.  Hoobler's 
death,  he  rented  out  his  farm  for  two  years, 
with  the  intention  of  removing  to  Westfield 
to  educate  his  children ;  Mrs.  H.  carried 
out  his  wishes,  and  resided  in  that  place 
two  years ;  she  then  returned  to  the  farm, 
and  with  the  assistance  of  her  eldest  sons 
since  that  time  she  has  conducted  the 
management  of  the  farm.  Mr.  H.  was  a 
widower  at  the  time  of  his  marriage  with 
Mrs.  H.;  had  one  son — Frederick  M.;  he 
is  married  and  resides  in  this  township. 

DAVID  HOOBLER,  merchant,  Col- 
lins. United  Brethren  ;  Democrat.  Owns 
249  acres,  value  $10,000 ;  al.so  town  property 
to  the  value  of  $12,000,  which  includes  a 
steam  flouring  mill,  which  cost  $1 1,000; 
he  was  born  in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  May  7, 
1828.  Married  Sarah  Fleshman,  March 
15,  1853  ;  she  was  born  in  Indiana  April 
3,  1831  ;  have  had  four  children,  three  of 
whom  are  now  living — Sarah  Rebecca,  born 
Oct.  19,  1854,  died  Nov.  2,  1866;  Lilly 
Belle,  July  28,  1861  ;  Zua,  Jan.  5, 1867"; 
Norton,  Jan.  15,  1869.  Mr.  H.  came  to 
this  State  in  April,  1853 ;  he  remained 
until  1 855  ;  he  then  returned  to  Indiana, 
and  remained  until  November,  1857,  and 
then  returned  to  this  State  and  settled  in 
New  Michigan  in  this  township ;  he 
remained  there  until  the  Fall  of  1870;  in 
1871,  he,  in  company  with  John  Fleshman 
and  J.  Kuns,  bought  the  steam  flouring 
mill  in  Newtown.  The  following  Fall  he 
bought  Mr.  Kuns'  one-third  interest,  pay- 
ing him  S3, (166  for  the  same,  and  eighteen 
months  after  that  he  bought  Mr.  Flesh- 
man's  interest ;  Mr.  H.  entraged  in  mer- 
chandising in  1869  in  New  Michigan  with 
Mr.  Mcintosh;  in  1871,  he  removed  his 
store  house  to  Newtown  ;  previous  to  which 
time  Mr.  Mcintosh  sold  out  to  D.  H.  Gouty. 
Mr.  Fred.  Hoobler  bought  a  one-third 
interest  in  1870;  he  then  ( F.  Hoobler) 
sold  a  third  back  to  David  Hoobler  and 
David  Gouty ;  they  then  sold  out  to  A.  J. 
Hoobler  and  C.  C  Leonard  about  the  year 
1875  ;  David  bought  both  of  the  latter  out 
and  still  continues  at  the  old  stand.  Has 
held  office  of  Supervisor  and  Town  Clerk, 


NEWTOWN  TOWNSHIP. 


709 


Then  the  subject  of  this  sketch  laid  in  a  new 
stock  in  the  same  building  a  short  time 
after,  they  (A.  J.  Hoobler  and  C.  C.  Leo- 
nard) having  removed  their  stock  a  short 
timj  previous,  and  where  he  still  continues 
to  do  business.  Mr.  H.  held  office  of 
Supervisor  from  Newtown  during  the  year 
1870. 

ZEN  AS  R.  JONES,  farmer  and  grain 
buyer,  Sec.  8,  P.  0.  Smithdale.  Methodist; 
Republican.  Owns  27  acres  valued  ac 
31,500  ;  was  bm-n  in  Champaign  Co.,  Ohio, 
Feb.  27, 1831.  Married  Julia  E.  Stitt,  July 
20,  1854;  she  was  born  Nov.  2,  1828,  in 
Macomb  Co.,  Mich.  ;  have  had  six  chil- 
dren born  to  them,  four  of  whom  are  now 
living — John  W.,  born  Aug.  13,  1855  ; 
Ira,  Oct.  23,  1S58,  died  same  day  ;  Dove, 
Dec.  4,  1864,  died  Feb.  17,  1865  ;  Fran- 
ces May,  March  8,  186(5  ;'Edwin  B,  Sept. 
26,  1867  ;  Lewis  L.,  June  12,  1869.  Mr. 
Jones  enlisted  in  La  Salle  Co.,  and  served 
about  eighteen  months  in  the  104th  I.  V.  1. 
during  the  late  war ;  he  served  as  a  private 
a  short  time  and  was  promoted  to  Second 
Sergeant  soon  after  his  enlistment ;  then 
Wiis  promoted  to  Orderly  Sergeant  of  Com- 
pany and  soon  after  received  a  commisson  as 
Second  Lieut. ;  he  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Hartsville,  Tenu..  held  five  days,  paroled 
and  sent  to  Camp  Cha.-<e,  Ohio;  remained 
there  thirty  days,  and  was  exchanged ;  he  was 
then  sent  to  Camp  Douglas,  Chicago,  111., 
and  did  guard  duty  about  three  months  ;  he 
then  rejoined  his  regiment  in  the  field,  and 
after  eighteen  months'  service  he  resigned  on 
account  of  ill  health  ;  for  seven  years  after  his 
retirement  from  the  army  he  was  an  invalid ; 
since  that  time  his  health  has  improved, 
and  he  is  now  a  very  active  business  man  ; 
he  has  held  several  important  offices  in  the 
town  where  he  now  lives  ;  he  at  present 
holds  the  offices  of  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Commissioner  of  Highways,  Postmaster, 
and  Station  Agent  at  Smithdale  for  the  C. 
&  A.  R.  R. ;  he  was  also  Supervisor  one 
t<;rm.  Mr.  J.  is  engaged  also  in  buying 
grain  at  this  place.  He  was  ordained  as  a 
Methodist  Minister  at  Macomb,  111.,  in  Sep- 
tember, 1860,  and  has  preached  with  con- 
siderable resrularity  ever  since. 

HENRY  LUNDY,  tarmer,  Sees.  28 and 
29  ;  P.  0.  Collins.  Liberal ;  Independent. 
Owns  480  acres,  valued  at  §40  per  acre  ; 
was  born  in  Logan  Co.,  Ohio,  June  2, 
1817.   Married  PoUy  Copes  Feb.  2,  1837; 


she  was  born  in  Logan  Co..  Ohio,  in  the 
year  1812  ;  have  had  four  children,  all  i»f 
whom  are  living — Diana,  born  Nov.  15, 
1837  ;  Samuel  Porter,  born  Dec.  2,  1839  ; 
Francis  Marion,  born  June  30,  1842; 
Elias  Jasper,  born  July  12,  1849.  Mr.  L. 
has  a  brother  who  is  blind  ;  he  lost  his 
sight  when  about  8  years  of  ase  ;  he  has 
always  made  his  home  with  Mr.  L.,  he 
having  taken  care  of  him  ever  since  he  waa 
a  little  bo}-  ;  his  name  is  Samuel,  and  he  was 
born  in  Highland  Co.,  Ohio.  June  8.  1814; 
he  is  a  very  industrious  man,  and  is  busy 
at  something  about  the  farm  most  of  the 
time  ;  he  is  a  skillful  broom  maker,  and  the 
most  of  the  brooms  used  in  this  neighbor- 
hood are  the  result  of  his  handiwork.  Mr. 
L.  has  a  grandniece  living  with  him, 
whose  name  is  Nettie  McRoy  :  she  was 
born  in  this  township  Feb.  15,  1860  ;  her 
grandmother  was  a  sister  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  Mr.  L.  is  one  of  the  pioneer 
settlers  of  this  county ;  his  arrival  here 
dates  back  to  the  Spring  of  1837  ;  he  trav- 
eled the  entire  distance  with  a  team,  and 
settled  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
Mr.  L.  lost  his  health  about  thirty  years 
ago,  by  being  overheated ;  he  has  not  been 
able  to  do  a  day's  work  since  that  time  ;  he 
relates  many  interesting  anecdofes  and 
reminiscences  of  the  eaily  days,  some  of 
which  are  given  in  another  part  of  this 
work. 

ROSCOE  LEONARD,  farmer.  Sec. 
33  ;  P.  0.  Collins.  Liberal :  Republican. 
Owns  seventy-seven  acres,  valued  at  §30 
per  acre ;  born  in  Massachusetts  July  5, 
1832.  Married  Sarah  Phillips  Nov.  5, 
1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Bureau  Co.,  this 
State,  Dec.  18,  1836  ;  have  had  four  chil- 
dren, only  two  of  whom  are  living — Milo, 
born  Dec.  8,  1860  :  Myra,  born  July  20, 
1866,  died  March  19, 1874;  Magde,  born 
Nov.  16,  1870  ;  Maud,  born  May  1,  1873, 
died  April  4,  1874.  Mr.  Leonard  came  to 
this  township,  with  his  parents,  from  Du 
Page  Co.,  this  State.  Held  office  of  Road 
Commissioner  one  year.  Mrs.  L.'s  fiither 
resides  with  them  ;  his  name  is  John  Phil- 
lips ;  he  was  born  Feb.  23,  18o8  ;  iier 
mother,  Betsy,  is  dead  ;  she  was  born  July 
13,  1811,  died  Oct.  26,  1877;  her  maiden 
name  was  Templiu.  A  nephew  of  Mrs. 
L.'s  lives  with  them  ;  his  name  is  John 
Edward  Weidman  ;  he  was  born  Dec.  4, 
1859  ;   he  is  an  orphan,  his  father  dying 


710 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES ; 


from  cruel  treatment  received  in  Libby 
Prison  while  a  soldier  in  the  late  war ;  he 
served  his  country  about  four  years  previ- 
ous to  his  death ;  John's  mother,  Martha 
Weidman,  was  born  July  30,  1840,  died 
Oct.  4,  1860 ;  her  maiden  name  was  Phil- 
lips ;  she  was  a  niece  of  Jacob  Phillips,  of 
this  township.  Mr.  L.'s  father,  Edmund 
D.,  was  born  in  Hampshire  Co  ,  Mass., 
Jan.  25,  1805,  died  Nov.  13,  1860;  his 
mother,  Elizabeth  H.,  was  born  Jan.  24, 
1808  ;  she  resides  in  Newtown  Village. 

CHRISTOPHER  C.  LEONARD, 
farmer  ;  P.  O.  Collins.  Liberal ;  Repub- 
Hcan.  Owns  101  acres,  valued  at  $30  per 
acre;  born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.,  April 
26,  1836.  Married  Mary  Mason,  Feb.  4, 
1858  ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  Aug.  6, 
1838  ;  have  had  nine  children,  eight  of 
whom  are  living — Oliva,  born  Oct.  27, 
1858  ;  Lawrence  W.,  born  Nov.  20, 1859, 
died  Aug.  21,  1860  ;'  Emily  A.,  born  May 
30,  1861;  Edwin,  born  June  18,  1866; 
Clara  A.,  born  Feb.  26,  1868;  Ira  G., 
born  Nov.  16,  1869;  Andrew  B.,  born 
Jan.  9,  1872  ;  Franklin  C.  born  Oct.  18, 
1873  ;  Frederick  G.,  born  Dec.  12,  1875. 
Mr.  L.  served  his  country  during  the  late 
war  as  a  soldier ;  he  enlisted  in  Co.  A, 
129th  I.  V.  I.,  Aug.  2,  1862,  for  three 
years,  and  was  mustered  out  June  8, 1865, 
by  reason  of  the  close  of  the  war  ;  Mr.  L. 
was  on  duty  during  the  whole  term  with 
the  exception  of  three  weeks  that  he  was 
confined  to  the  hospital  at  Gallatin,  Tenn., 
on  account  of  sickness  ;  he  participated  in 
the  campaign  against  Atlanta,  and  was 
present  at  the  capture  of  that  place  ;  was 
also  with  Gen.  Sherman  during  his  march 
to  the  sea  and  the  capture  of  Savannah, 
and  the  campaign  through  North  and  South 
Carolina ;  the  first  battle  that  he  partici- 
pated in  was  at  the  charge  of  Resaca,  Ga.,  on 
which  occasion  his  regiment  charged  and 
took  a  rebel  battery,  it  being  placed  a  few 
rods  in  advance  of  the  rebel  line  ;  the  rebels 
only  succeeded  in  firing  two  rounds  from 
the  battery  before  it  was  captured  by  the 
129th  I.  V.  I.  ;  the  regiment  lost  quite 
heavily  in  the  charge,  Thomas  Sutliff  of 
Mr.  L's  company  being  among  the  killed  ; 
Mr.  L.  was  also  in  the  battle  of  Dallas,  Ken- 
esaw,  20th  of  July,  in  front  of  Atlanta  ; 
also  at  the  capture  of  Savannah,  Ga..  and 
the  battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C^  Mr.  L. 
had  a  brother  in  Co.  G,  of  the  same   regi- 


ment ;  he  enlisted  about  the  same  time  ; 
he  served  until  the  following  Spring,  then 
died  at  Gallatin,  Tenn.  ;  his  remains  were 
interred  at  that  place,  where  they  still  re- 
main. Mr.  L.  held  office  of  Collector  two 
terms  in  succession,  and  served  one  year 
after  that  as  Deputy,  under  his  father-in- 
law,  the  late  Enoch  Mason,  now  deceased. 

SAMUEL  PORTER  LUNDY,  farmer, 
Sec.  33 ;  P.  0.  Newtown.  Liberal ;  Re- 
publican. Owns  240  acres,  valued  at  $8,500; 
born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  Dec.  2,  1839.  Mar- 
ried Elvira  Smith,  April  5,  1868  ;  she  was 
born  in  Ohio,  Nov.  20,  1843  ;  have  four 
children,  all  living — Emma  Luella,  born 
July  6,  1869  ;  Julia  Maria,  born  Oct.  8, 
1871  ;  Parres,  born  Nov.  12, 1875  ;  Fred- 
die Paul, born  Oct.  23,  1877.  Mr.  Lundy's 
father  is  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this 
township. 

JOHN  J.  LUNDY,  farmer,  Sec.  16; 
P.  0.  Smithdale  ;  United  Brethren  ;  Re- 
publican. Owns  160  acres  in  this  town- 
ship, valued  at  $35  per  acre  ;  also  160 
acres  in  Harrison  Co.,  Mo.  ;  was  born  in 
this  State,  DeWitt  Co.,  July  20,  1832. 
Married  Mary  Ewing,  May  5,  1857  ;  she 
was  born  July  29, 1838,  in  County  Antrim, 
Ireland  ;  have  had  nine  children,  eight  of 
them  are  now  living — Emerson  H.,  born 
March  13,1858,  died  Nov.  24,  1862; 
Lavinia  M.,  born  March  11,  1860; 
William  J.,  born  March  1,  1862;  AdaD., 
born  July  24,  1864  ;  Enoch  A.,  born  Jan. 
28,  1867  ;  Leonard  A.,  born  Sept.  20, 
1869;  John  P.,  born  Dec.  24,  1871; 
Mary  C,  born  Feb.  27,  1874  ;  Rutherford 
B.  Hayes,  born  Aug.  9,  1876.  Mr.  L. 
came  to  this  county  with  his  father  when 
three  years  old  ;  he  has  resided  here  ever 
since,  with  the  exception  of  five  years  that 
he  lived  in  Hariison  Co.,  Mo. 

ISAIAH  M.  MORGAN,  farmer,  Sec. 
20;  P.  0.  Collins.  Liberal;  Republican. 
Owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at  $35  per  acre  ; 
was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  June 
18,  1849.  Married  Mary  S.  Williams, 
June  22,  1871  ;  have  had  five  children, 
three  of  whom  died  when  infants — no 
name  ;  those  living;  are — Ira  Lewis,  born 
Sept.  13,  1874;  Ella  May,  born  March 
13,  1877.  Held  office  of  School  Di- 
rector. 

CHESTER  R.  MANLY,  station  agent, 
Collins.  Liberal;  Republican.  Owns  166 
acres,  valued  at    $35  per  acre ;  also  town 


NEWTOWN   TOWNSHIP. 


711 


property,  including  dwelling-house,  half 
interest  in  grain  elevator,  and  ten  vacant 
lots  in  Newtown,  the  value  of  which  is 
about  $2,500.  Mr.  Manly  was  born  in 
the  town  of  Pitt,  Franklin  Co.,  Vt.,  Fob. 
15, 1833.  Married  Caroline  Weatherwax, 
June  26,  1856  ;  she  was  born  in  Saline, 
Washtenaw  Co.,  Mich.,  June  21,  1836; 
have  five  children,  all  living — Charles  W., 
born  Oct.  16,  1857  ;  Harry  L.,  born  Aug. 
26,  1860 ;  Mary  M.,  born  June  12,  1863  ; 
Ernest  S.,  born  March  26,  1866  ;  Carrie 
J.,  born  June  15,  1872.  Mr.  Manly 
first  came  to  this  county  in  1855,  and  has 
resided  in  this  township  ever  since  ;  he 
engaged  in  the  business  of  farminu-  im- 
mediately  after  his  arrival  here,  and  has 
continued  it  ever  since.  He  held  the 
office  of  Supervisor  two  years,  and  Justice 
of  the  Peace  eleven  years ;  resigned  the 
latter  office  to  take  the  position  of  station 
agent ;  was  the  first  agent  appointed,  and 
still  retains  the  position ;  he  is  also  en- 
gaged in  the  business  of  buying  grain. 

MARTIN  A.  NEWMAN,  druggist 
and  Postmaster,  Collins.  Liberal;  Re- 
publican. Owns  200  acres,  valued  at 
$8,000 ;  born  in  Vermilion  Co.,  Ind., 
Oct.  25,1818.  Married  Hannah  Springer, 
Jan.  22,  1813;  she  was  born  in  Ohio, 
March  15,  1822 ;  have  had  eleven  chil- 
dren, seven  of  whom  are  living — Lisander 
A.,  born  Nov.  9,  1813,  died  Dec.  20, 
1849;  Flavilla  I.,  born  Sept.  21,  1845, 
died  March  7,  1846  ;  Manly  G.,born  Jan. 
10,  1847,  died  March  1,  1847  ;  John  M., 
born  Feb.  7,  1848  ;  Clara  G.,  born  April 
26,1850;  Mattie  L.,  born  March  22, 
1852;  Lusina  B.,  born  July  12,  1854; 
Annie  0.,  born  Dec.  24,  1856;  Ida  May, 
born  May  3,  1859  ;  Emma  L.,  born  April 
10,  1861 ;  William  E.,  born  Nov.  5,  1865, 
died  Nov.  5,  1865  ;  George  Walker,  born 
March  23,  1868.  Mr.  Newman  emi- 
grated to  this  State  in  June,  1838;  settled 
in  Ottawa,  La  Salle  Co.,  111. ;  remained 
there  until  1850,  during  which  time  he 
was  engaged  at  carpenter  work,  peddling, 
merchandising  and  farming ;  in  June  of 
that  year  he  removed  to  this  township  and 
laid  out  the  town  of  New  Michigan,  and 
for  three  years  was  engaged  in  merchandis- 
ing ;  he  then  returned  to  Ottawa,  111.,  and 
engaged  in  various  occupations,  among 
which  was  milling,  manufacturing  linseed 
oil,  and  hotel  keeping  ;  in   1859,  returned 


to  New  Michigan  and  settled  on  the  fiirm 
that  he  now  owns,  and  where  his  son  John 
now  lives;  in   1872,  he  removed    to   the 
village  of  Newtown,  and  engaged  in  mer- 
chandising;  was  appointed  Postmaster  in 
1 874,  which  office  he  now  holds  ;  ha.s  held 
the  office  of  Road  Commissioner  two  years. 
CHAS.  P.  PAGET,  farmer  and  stock 
buyer  ;  See.  8  ;  P.  0.  Sniithdale.   Congrega- 
tionalist ;  Abolitionist.     Owns  280  acres  in 
this  county,  valued  at  $50  per  acre,  also 
owns  80  acres  in  Missouri,  valued  at  $800  ; 
born  in  Bath  Co.,   Ky.,   Oct.  4,  1818;  re- 
moved with  his  parents    to    Brown    Co., 
Ohio,  when  15  years  old,  then  came  with 
his    parents  to    this  State  in  the  Fall  of 
1835.  Returned  to  Ohio  in  1839,  and  mar- 
ried Catherine   Kennedy,  Jan.  16,   1840; 
then  came  to  Marshall  Co.,  this  State,  and 
remained  there  four  years  ;   in  the   Spring 
of  1844,  removed  to  this  county,  and  set- 
tled on  the  farm  where   he    now   resides ; 
Mrs.  P.  was  born  July  28,  1818 ;  have  had 
eleven  children,  nine  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing— James  Henry,  born  Nov.  21,   1840  ; 
Daniel  Alexander,  born    April    4,    1842  ; 
William   C,  born   Aug.    29,    1844,    died 
Oct.  7,  1845  ;  Alvira  E.,  born  March  3, 
1846;    John    S.,   born   March  18,  1848; 
William  C,    born    Jan.    6,    1850  ;  Diana 
Elsie,  born  July  3,  1851  ;  Horace  M.,  born 
April   25,    1853 ;   Charles    Sumner,    born 
Aug.  7,  1854;  Orville  FoUett,  born  April 
4,  1857;  Catherine  Norris,  born  June  10, 
1859,  died   Sept.  18,    1860.     Mr.  Paget 
has  been  engaged  in  fiirraing    and   buying 
cattle    ever   since    his    settlement   in  this 
county.     He  was  ordained  an  Elder  in  the 
Cumberland    Presbyterian    Church    about 
the  year  1 843,  since   which   time   he    has 
been  engaged  in  the  ministry  more  or  less  ; 
he    left    the     Cumberland     Presbyterian 
Church  about  1847,  and  united    with  the 
Congregational  Church  the  same  year ;   he 
was  an  old-line  Abolitionist  in  the  days  of 
the    anti-slavery    agitation,   and   has   con- 
tinued in  that  faith  ever  since.     Mr.   P. 
has  had  several  misfortunes  in  his   family  ; 
Alvira  (now  the  wife  of  Charles  E.  Brown), 
was  badly  injured  on  the  tumbling  rod  of  a 
threshing  machine  when  in  her  18th  year; 
her  skirt  caught  in  the  knuckle  of  the  shaft, 
and  she  was  thrown  around  three  times, 
cutting  one  foot  in  two,  crushing  the  ankle 
ofi"  of  the  other  foot,   causing  amputation, 
dislocating  her  shoulder    and    elbow,    and 


712 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


bruising  her  in  a  fearful  manner  ;  she  was 
obliged  to  lie  eighty  days  without  being 
moved  ;  she  finally  recovered,  and  is  now 
the  mother  of  four  children  ;  her  recovery 
was  almost  a  miracle ;  two  of  her  sons 
(William  C.  and  John  S. ),  each  had  a  leg 
broken.  Mr.  P.  did  not  have  anything 
when  he  first  commenced  ;  he  now  has  a 
handsome  property  and  is  well-to-do  ;  worth 
perhaps  $  1 2,000  to  $  1 5,000. 

EMSLEY  POPE,  farmer,  P.  0.  Collins. 
Liberal ;  Democrat.  Owns  80  acres,  valued  at 
$35  per  acre.  Born  in  Guilford  Co.,  N.  C, 
Nov.  10,  1797.  Married  Susannah  Lundy 
about  the  year  1819;  she  was  born  about 
the  year  1801,  she  died  Dec.  18,  1853,  in 
the  house  where  Mr.  P.  now  resides ;  she 
was  a  very  pious  woman,  and  a  member  of 
the  Baptist  Church  at  the  time  of  her 
death  ;  twelve  childen  were  born  to  them 
from  this  union,  six  of  whom  are  now  liv- 
ing— Wil  iam,  born  June  27,  1820;  he 
died  in  Missouri  about  the  commencement 
of  the  late  war,  leaving  a  wife  and  two  chil- 
dren ;  Samuel,  born  Sept.  16,  1821;  he 
now  resides  in  Texas  ;  he  was  living  there 
at  the  commencement  of  the  late  war,  and 
was  pressed  into  the  rebel  service,  but  soon 
after,  he,  in  company  with  twenty  others, 
succeeded  in  making  their  escape  from 
them,  and  after  innumerable  hardships  and 
narrow  escapes,  succeeded  in  making  their 
way  to  the  Union  lines  at  Sedalia,  Mo.  ; 
he  remained  there  until  the  year  1877; 
he  then  returned  to  Texas,  where  he  is  now 
living;  John  was  born  April  17,  1823 ;  he 
died  in  his  5th  year ;  George  was  born 
Jan.  25.  1825,  he  resides  in  California; 
Martha  Ann  was  born  April  28, 1827  ;  she 
died  when  she  was  about  1  year  old  ;  Mary 
Ann,  born  Jan.  2-1.  1829  (she  is  supposed 
to  be  living  in  Kansas)  ;  Amy,  born  Jan. 
24,  1829  (she  died  during  the  war,  leaving 
a  husband  and  three  children )  ;  Nathaniel, 
born  Dec.  26,  1832  (is  living  in  this  town- 
ship) ;  Abigail,  born  Dec.  2,  1834  (she 
married  Amasa  Chapman,  and  resides  in 
Pontiac);  Nathan,  born  Oct.  30,  1837 
(died  Dec.  13,  1846);  Louisa  Jane,  born 
Oct.  25.  1840  ;  Rachel,  born  March  9, 
1843.  Mr.  P.  was  married  to  Nancy  Syl- 
vester (his  present  wife).  May  6,  1857,  at 
Zanesville,  Ohio ;  she  was  born  Sept.  4, 
1820  ;  two  children  were  born  to  them  from 
this  union — Sylvester  B.,  born  March  13, 
1858  ;  Albert  Judson,  born  Jan.  29,  1860 


(Albert  was  drowned  in  Pope's  Creek,  Feb 
17,1871,  while  returning  home  from  school). 
Mr.  P.  was  a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812  , 
he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  this 
county,  mention  of  which  is  made  elsewhere 
in  this  work. 

JACOB  PHILLIPS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Smithdale.  United 
Brethren  ;  Republican.  Owns  about  900 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35,000 ;  born 
near  Urbana,  Ohio,  Feb.  25,  1825  ;  came 
to  this  State  with  his  parents  in  1836, 
they  traveling  the  entire  distance  by  wagon  ; 
his  father  stopped  first  on  West  Bureau 
Creek,  and  remained  there  about  nine 
months  ;  he  then  settled  on  the  place  where 
Mr.  P.  now  resides  ;  they  are  now  both 
dead  ;  his  father,  Edward  Phillips,  died 
April  27,  1847,  aged  75  years,  1  month 
and  11  days;  his  mother,  Barbary,  died 
March  15,  1862,  aged  76  years.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch  has  been  maiTied 
twice  ;  his  first  marriage  was  with  Amy 
Jane  Luridy  on  the  28th  of  January,  1848 ; 
she  died  Feb.  28, 1851,  aged  20  years,  10 
months  and  27  days ;  had  two  children 
from  that  union — Orville  Follett,  born 
Jan.  23,  1849  ;  Mary  Melissa,  born  April 
24,  1850.  Mr.  P.'s  second  marriage  was 
with  Mary  Zeigler ;  it  occurred  Oct.  17, 
1852  ;  she  was  born  Jan.  24,  1824  ;  eight 
children  were  born  to  them  from  this  un- 
ion, seven  of  whom  are  now  living — Fred- 
erick P].,  born  Aug.  28,  1853;  William 
Arthur,  born  Oct.  3,  1854;  Elizabeth 
B.,  born  Feb.  3,  1856;  Solsbury  E., 
born  Dec.  10,  1857  ;  Jacob  D.,  born  Oct. 
6,  1859,  died  May  11,  1865;  John  M., 
born  Feb.  10,  1861  ;  Lucretia  R.,  born 
May  11,'  1863;  Minerva  A.,  born 
Oct.  6,  1864.  Mr.  P.  states  that  when 
his  father  arrived  in  this  State  he  owned  a 
team  of  horses  and  wagon  ;  he  also  had 
S50  in  silver  half-dollars  ;  one  of  his  horses 
died  soon  after  his  arrival  ;  his  father  was 
a  native  of  Maryland,  and  after  his  mar- 
riage removed  from  there  to  Ohio  with  a 
two-wheeled  cart,  taking  his  family  with 
him,  which  consisted  of  a  wife  and  four 
children ;  he  states  that  his  father  remem- 
bers the  battles  of  the  Revolution  very 
distinctly ;  the  first  piece  of  land  that  he 
entered  was  on  Sec.  7,  and  consisted  of 
80  acres  ;  Levi  Templin  went  to  Danville 
on  foot,  wearing  a  handkerchief  on  his 
head,  and  carrying  his  provisions  with  him 


NEWTOWN  TOWNSHIl' 


713 


and  performed  the  errand ;  the  Land  Office 
being  situated  at  that  place  at  that  time. 

MOSES  RUM ERY,  farmer,  See.  23; 
P.  0.  Cdllins.      Methodi.st ;  Greenbacker. 
Owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 
born  in   Maine,  Jan.  25,   1803.     Married 
twice  ;  married  Silva  Miranda  Raze,  March 
13, 1830  ;  she  was  born  in  April,  1807,  and 
died   Aug.  4,  1845,  leaving  six   children, 
the  oldest  about   13,  the  youngest  about 
10  weeks  ;  married   Hannah  Albcrty  Dec. 
19,1845:     three    children   wi're    born   to 
them  from   this   union,  only  two  living — 
Esther  M.,  born  Dec.  7,  1846  ;    Priscilla, 
born  May  6,  1848  ;    Margaret,  born  Jan. 
2*J,    1852  ;    the    names    of   the  first  are 
Fanny    E.,    born    in    April,   1831  ;    she 
resides   in   Kansas  ;   Phebe,  M.,  born    in 
July,  1833  ;    Mary  Jane,  born    June  19, 
1835,  died    in    Jan.   1839;     Lydia,  born 
June  20, 1837  ;  Mary  Jane,  born  June  21, 
1839  ;  the  next  was  an   infant,  no  name, 
which  lived  only  two  days  ;  the  next  was 
Isaac,  born  March  27,  1843,  died  Sept.  13, 
1877.      He  served  his  country  during  the 
late  war,  in  the  52d  I.  V.  I. ;    enlisted  in 
1864,  and  remained  until  the  end  of  the 
war;    was    in   the  Atlanta  campaign  with 
Gen.    Sherman.       Mr.   R.   was    a    strong 
Abolitionist  before  the  war ;  he  voted  for 
Abraham  Lincoln  for  the  second  term  ;  he 
would  not  vote  for  him  for  the  first  term, 
as  he  did  not  think  his  abolition  sentiments 
were  strong  enough.      Before  the  war  Mr. 
R.  aided   many  a  slave   to  freedom  ;    he 
said  that  on  one  occasion  three  slaves  came 
to  his  home  very  early  in   the   morning, 
having  been  brought  from  Pontiac  to  Mud 
Creek  the  night  before,  and  were  anxious 
to   make  their  way  to    Canada  as  fast  as 
possible ;    accordingly  he    hitched  up  his 
team  and  took  them  to  Ottawa  by  daylight 
that  day ;  money  was  raised  there  and  they 
were  sent  to  Chicago ;    at  that  place  they 
were  decoyed  by  officers  into  ap  agricultural 
store,  arrested  and  taken  to  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  returned  to  slavery  again. 

PETER  W.SHEIBLY,  farmer,  Sec.  9; 
P.  0.  Smilhdale.  Liberal;  Independent 
Greenbacker.  Owns 452 acres,valued  at $35 
per  acre;  born  in  Pennsylvania,  April  17, 
1825.  Married  Margaret  Jane  Hoobler, 
Jan.  3,  1856  ;  she  was  born  June  5, 1835, 
in  the  State  of  Indiana ;  have  had  five 
children,  three  of  whom  are  living — Albert 
Fremont,  born    Oct.  30,   1857  ;  William 


Melville,  born  Jan.  28,  18(i3  ;  James 
Clarence,  born  April  15,  1865,  died  Oct. 
14,  1865  ;  Edmond  Norris,  born  Aug.  20, 
1872,  died  Sept.  21,  1873;  Franklin  Del- 
bert,  born  Jan.  14,  1875. 

MARY    ANN   SMITH,    farming;   P. 
0.    Smithdale.    United    Brethren.     Owns 
345  acres,  valued   at   $40   per  acre ;  was 
born  in  Logan   Co.,   this   State,    May   21, 
1828;     her    nuiidc^n   name    was    Lundy. 
Married  John  Smith,  Oct.   14,   1847  ;  he 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  Sept.  16,  1824, 
and  died   April   2,    1875;  have  had   nine 
children,  seven  of  them   living — Margaret 
Elmira,  born  Nov.  20,  1848  ;  she  married 
Jacob  Hoobler,  and  resides  near  St.  Mary's, 
Kansas  ;  George  H.,born  March  4,  1850  ; 
Nancy  Jane,  born  March    2,    1852,   died 
March   18,1852;  Amos  L.,  born    March 
12,  1853  ;  married  Eva  F.  Pope,  daughter 
of  Walter  Pope,  Esq.,  of  Streator ;  she  was 
born  in  this  town,  April  21, 1855  ;  Thomas 
P.,   born  March    11,   1855;  James,  born 
Feb.  9,  1857,  died  June  15,  1857  ;  Elias 
M.,  born  April  9,  1858;  Amy,  born   Oct. 
26,  1860  ;  Minnie  Menida,  born  Dec.   14, 
1864.  Mr.  Smith  emigrated  to  this  country 
in  1844;  he  lived  near  Utica   two  years, 
then  removed  to  Reading  Tp.,  and  remained 
nearly  a  year ;  then  came  to  the  place  now 
occupied  by   his  family  ;  previous   to  his 
death,  he  removed   his  family  to  Onarga, 
where  they  remained  three  years,  during 
which  time  his  children  attended  school  at 
that  place  ;  Mr.  S.'s  health  had   not  been 
good  for  a  number  of  years  previous  to  his 
removal  to  Onarga,  and  during  the  next  to 
the  last  year  of  his  life,  he  took  a  trip  to 
Colorado  and  remained  from  A})ril  to  Oc- 
tober !  the  following  Spring,  in   April,  he 
died ;  Mr.  S.  when  he  commenced  in  this 
county,  was  comparatively  poor,  having  one 
horse,  and  probably,  $50  ;  at  his  death  he 
left  property  to  the  value  of  $15,000  ;  his 
sons  George,  Amos  and  Perry,  are  now  en- 
gaged in  carrying  on  the  farm.     Elias  was 
disabled  by  hip  disease   when    3  years   of 
age,  and  has  been  obliged  to  use  crutches 
nearly  ever  since  ;  he  has  attended   school 
since  he  was  6  years  of  age,  until  the  past 
year  ;  three  years  of  which  he  was   at   the 
Grand   Prairie   Seminary ,  he   is  teaching 
school  the  present  Summer,  in  District  No. 
6.     Mrs.  S's  mother  is  still  living,  and  re- 
sides with  her  children  ;  she  is  supposed 
to  be  about  75  years  old,  the   date  of  her 


714 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


birth  being  lost.  Mr.  S.  was  a  member  of 
the  United  Brethren  Church,  fifteen  years 
previous,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death, 

JOHN  SNYDER,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P. 
O.  Newtown.    Liberal;   Democrat.     Owns 
1172   acres,  valued   at  $4,000  ;  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  May  15,  1805;  has  been 
married  three  times.     His  first  marriage 
was  to  Mahala  Sweezy,  while  in   his    21st 
year  ;  she  died  about  nine  years  afterward, 
leaving  two  children — Sarah  S.,  born  Jan. 
25,    1830;  Thomas,   born  Oct.   1,  1833, 
died  in  the  Spring  of  1846  ;  Clinton,  born 
March  3,  1 834  ;  he  resides  with  his  father ; 
Calvin,  born  June  11,  1838,  died  Aug.  18, 
1874;  Levi,  born  April  7,  1840;  Eliza- 
beth P.,  born  Oct.  21 ,  1848      Mr.  S.  mar- 
ried for  his  second  wife,  Mary  Ann  Mort- 
land  ;  she  died  in  Indiana,  in  1846.     He 
married  for  his  third  wife,  Nancy  Killgore  ; 
6he    died    March    13,   1877.     Sarah    and 
Thomas   were  children   of  the  first  wife  ; 
Clinton,  Calvin  and  Levi   were  children  of 
the  s«:cond  wife,  and   Elizabeth   was  the 
third    wife's    child.      Mr.    S.    came    from 
Pennsylvania  to    Indiana,   in    1845  ;     re- 
mained there  two  years,  then  came  to  this 
county  and  settled  on  the  farm   where  he 
now  resides  ;  his  son  Clinton   works  the 
farm,  and  resides   on  the  homestead  ;  he 
married  Mary  Jane  Flannisan,   Nov.    11, 
1860  ;  she  was  born  July  13,  1840  ;  have 
three  children — Nancy  Margaret, born  May 
6,    1861  ;     Philip    Genoa,   born    January 
29,  1865;  Nora  May,  born  November  1, 
1869. 

BENJAMIN  ZEIGLER,  farmer  ;    P. 

0.  Blackstone;  married  Mary  Kuns  March 

1,  1874;  she  was  born  July  6,  1855; 
have  had  two  children,  only  one  of  whom 
is  living — Efiie  Albertie,  born  April  23, 
1875  ;  Elbert  Sylvan,  born  Jan.  14,  1877, 
died  Nov.  3,  1877. 

JACOB  ZEIGLER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Collins.  United  Brethren  ;  Democrat. 
Owns  199  acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 
born  in  Indiana  June  22,  1839.  Married 
Mary  Fleshman  Feb.  24,  1861 ;  she  was 
born  Jan.  26,  1843  ;  have  7  children,  all 
living — Levi    Addison,    born    June    14, 


1802;  Sarah  Sophia,  born  April  7,  1864; 
Christiana  born  March  30,  1866  ;  Eliza- 
beth, born  Sept.  5, 1858 ;  Benjamin  Frank- 
lin, born  April  29, 1871  ;  Minnie  Francis, 
born  July  12,  1873 ;  David  Frederick, 
born  Nov.  10,  1876. 

WILLIAM     ZIGLER,     stock     raiser 
and    farmer.  Sec.    10 ;    P.   0.    Newtown. 
United  Brethren  ;  Democrat.     Owns  540 
acres   of  land,  valued    at  $21,500  ;    was 
born  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  June  22,  1825. 
He  married  Mary  Phillips  in  September, 
1850  ;  she  was  born  Dec.  3,  1832  ;    have 
had    eleven    children,  nine  of    whom  are 
now  living — Barbara  Elizabeth,  born  Aug. 
11,1851 ;  Noah,  born  Nov.  7,  1852;  Fred- 
erick, born    Oct.  3,  1854;    Priscilla,  born 
Nov.   28,   1856  ;    Jacob,  born    Nov.  17, 
1858;    Mary  Jane,  born    Feb.  3,   1861, 
died  Sept.  11,1864;   Martha  Rachel,  bora 
Jan.  30,  1863;    Arthur,  born  April   22, 
1865;    William  E.,  born  June  17,  1867; 
Susan,  born    July  2,  1870 ;    Rose,  born 
Oct.    15,    1872;    Arthur   died    Aug.   8, 
1866.       Mr.    Zeigler's     parents    resided 
in    Ohio    at    the     time    of     his    birth; 
when   he  was  2  years  of  age,  his  parents 
removed  to   Fountain   Co.,  Ind. ;    he  re- 
mained with   his  parents  until  he  was  25 
years  of   age,  and  then  emigrated  to  this 
township  and  settled  on  the  land  where  he 
now  resides ;  the  land  he  now  resides  on 
he  purchased  of  the  Government  at  $1.25 
per  acre ;  he  has  always  made  stock-raising 
a  specialty  ;    he  has  at  the  present  time 
some  very  fine  blooded  stock,  he  has  now 
in  his  possession  a  cow  that  was  sold  in 
Kentucky  when  she  was  4  years  old,  for 
$1,800;   Mr.  Z.  bought  her  when  she  was 
17  years  old  and  paid  for  the  same  $800 
cash,  and  he  feels   satisfied  that  it  was  as 
good  an  investment  as  he  ever  made.    Mr. 
Z.  has  quite  a  number  of  very  fine    ani- 
mals, and    it  is  his  intention   to  make  a 
public    sale,  this    coming    Fall,   of    good 
grades  of  stock  ;  this  will  be  the  first  pub- 
lic sale  he  has  ever  made.     He  has  never 
held  any  town  offices,  except  that  of  School 
Director,  which  office  he    now  holds  and 
has  for  the  past  eleven  years. 


READING  TOWNSHIP. 


715 


READING    TOWNSHIP. 


M.  J.  BARACKMAN,  fanner  and  coal 
operator,  P.  0.  Reading ;  was  born  in 
Reading  Tp.,  Sept.  26, 1842.  He  married 
Miss  Fannie  W.  Goodyear,  Oct.  18,1866; 
she  was  born  in  Missouri,  March  12,  1846, 
and  died  July  19,  1871  ;  they  had  two 
children — Arthur  M.  and  Eulola  F.  He 
married  his  second  wife,  Miss  Alice  C.  Tut- 
low,  Dec.  6, 1876  ;  she  was  born  in  Aurora, 
111.,  March  10,  1845  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— Harry  E.  and  Guy  B.  He  has 
always  lived  in  Reading  Tp.  He  enlisted 
in  the  20th  I.  V.  1.,  and  was  made  Cor- 
poral ;  he  served  three  months  and  returned 
home ;  he  then  enlisted  in  the  44th  I.  V. 
I.,  where  he  was  made  Corporal  and  pro- 
moted to  Sergeant ;  he  was  also  chosen  to 
serve  in  the  honorary  brigade,  formed  by 
Gen.  Rosecrans  ;  he  served  three  years,  and 
was  in  the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Stone 
River  and  Chickamauga,  where  he  was 
wounded  ;  he  was  also  in  the  other  battles 
of  the  regiment.  He  owns  215  acres  in 
this  township,  and  is  operating  a  coal  bank 
on  his  land  at  Coalville. 

WILSON  B.  CUMMINS,  of  the  firm 
of  Cummins  &  Mathis,  grain  buyers,  An- 
cona,  111. ;  was  born  in  Lacon,  111.,  March 
29,  i851.  He  married  Miss  Ida  Pratt 
March  5,  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  Livings- 
ton Co.,  111.,  Dec.  26,  1856  ;  they  have  one 
child — Belle  ;  he  lived  in  Lacon  two  years, 
then  lived  on  the  farm  until  1874,  when 
he  moved  to  Wenona,  111.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  hotel  and  grain  business  ;  re- 
mained one  year,  then  went  to  Iowa  Falls, 
Iowa,  and  engaged  in  the  drug  and 
grocery  business ;  remained  one  year ;  he 
then  went  to  Carlisle,  Ark.,  and  engaged 
in  general  merchandise,  and  in  1876  he 
came  to  Ancona  and  folldwed  painting  for 
one  year  ;  then  he  engaged  in  grain  busi- 
ness, and  also  took  charge  of  the  C,  P.  & 
S.  W.  R.  R.  station  ;  in  July  of  1878,  he 
formed  the  above  partnership. 

LEVI  CLAY,  farming  and  stock,  P.  0. 
Streator;  was  born  in  Stark  Co.,  Ohio, 
j  July  12,  1825.  He  married  Miss  Cordelia 
i  M.  Ecker,  March  16,  1848;  she  was  born 
in  New  York  State,  Aug.  6,  1881  ;  they 
had  three  children,  two  are  living — Cassius 
M..  Lucetta  Jane.    He  lived  in  Ohio  until 


1844,  then  came  to  Illinois,  and  settled  at 
Ottawa.  While  here  he  enlisted  in  the 
1st  Reg.  I.  V.  I.,  and  served  in  the  Mexi- 
can war  ;  was  in  service  one  year  ;  was  not 
in  any  battles.  He  returned  to  Ottawa 
and  followed  plastering  ;  he  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  Sept.,  1848;  settled  in 
Newtown  Tp.,  and  came  to  his  present 
place  in  Dec,  1850  ;  he  started  with  lim- 
ited means,  and  now  owns  391  acres. 

E.  S.  CLARK,  farming  and  stock,  P. 
0.  Ancona  ;  was  born  in  Meigs  Co.,  Ohio, 
Feb.  27,  1819.  He  married  Miss  Mildred 
A.  Jones,  April  10,  1845  ;  she  was  born  in 
Kentucky  ;  they  had  seven  children,  five 
living — William  T.,  Frasina,  Annice,  Frank 
and  Winfield  S. ;  their  niece,  Miss  Kate 
McMannis,  lives  with  them.  He  lived  in 
Ohio  until  1828,  when  with  his  parents 
he  moved  to  Indiana,  and  settled  in  Vigo 
Co.  ;  they  traveled  by  water  and  were 
checked  by  the  fdls  of  the  Wabash,  near 
Vincennes,  and  lived  in  their  boat  the  Win- 
ter of  1828-29  ;  during  this  Winter  Mr. 
Clark  and  his  sister  attended  School  at  Mt. 
Carmel,  111. ;  they  remained  in  Indiana  un- 
til 1845  ;  he  then  came  to  Illinois,  and 
settled  in  Bureau  Co.,  and  remained  until 
1849,  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settled  on  the  present  site  of  Ancona  ; 
he  settled  on  his  present  place  in  1855. 
He  has  been  School  Trustee  and  Director 
a  number  of  years,  also  Assessor.  He 
owns  705  acres  in  this  township,  which  he 
has  earned  by  his  own  labor  and  manage- 
ment. 

SILAS  COE,  farmer,  P.  0.  Ancona ; 
was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  March 
12,  1812  ;  he  married  Miss  Ruth  Church, 
March  6,  1836  ;  she  was  born  in  Green 
Co.,  Penn.,  Jan  18,  1818  ;  they  had  nine 
children,  seven  are  living — Joanna,  John, 
Joseph,  Sarah,  Cephas,  Lillie  Ann 
and  Robert  G.  Remained  in  Pennsylvania 
fifty-four  years ;  he  spent  seven  years  in 
the  merchandise  business,  and  engaged  in 
farming  for  twenty-five  years.  While  in 
Greene  Co.,  he  held  the  office  of  School 
Director  and  Treasurer,  Secretary  of  the 
Board  of  Directors,  and  Township  Auditor  ; 
he  received  the  nomination  for  County 
Treasurer,  but  made  no  effort  to  secure  his 


716 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


election.  He  owns  718  acres,  which  is 
farmed  by  his  children,  all  but  two 
of  whom  are  married,  and  all  live  in  sight 
of  each  other. 

GEO.  A.  DEFEBAUGH,  deceased; 
was  born  in  Hocking  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  13, 
1826.  He  married  Miss  Esther  Stump, 
Nov.  14,  1847  ;  she  was  born  at  same 
place,  June  14,  1828;  they  had  eleven 
children,  eight  living — Francis  S.,  Mary 
A.,  Peter  S.,  Elijah  8.,  Douglas  S.,  Georgia 
Ellen,  Alminia  J.,  and  Ozilla  L. ;  he  lived 
in  Ohio  until  1851,  when  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  in  the  village  of  Reading, 
where  he  engaged  in  blacksmithing,  and 
followed  the  same  for  nine  years  ;  he  then 
came  to  the  present  farm  and  engaged  in 
farming ;  he  remained  here  until  he  died 
Dec.  18,  1870.  Mrs.  Defebaugh  and  all 
children  but  two,  are  living  on  the  old 
homestead,  and  she  and  her  son  Doug- 
las S.  are  manat;ing  the  same.  Mr.  Defe- 
baugh left  GIO  acres  which  has  been  di- 
vided among  the  children,  there  being  362 
acres  in  the  homestead,  and  under  their 
management, 

ELIJAH  DEFENBAUGH,  farm  and 
stock  ;  P.  O.  Reading  ;  was  born  in  Fair- 
field Co  ,  Ohio,  March  9,  1828.  He  mar- 
ried Mi.ss  Catherine  Defenbaugh,  Oct.  5, 
1851  ;  she  was  born  in  the  same  place, 
May  11,  1828;  they  have  bad  ten  chil- 
dren, six  living — Ammon,  Alfred,  Harvey, 
Lucretia,  Milton  and  Ephron,  all  of  whom 
are  living,  at  home  ;  he  remained  in  Ohio 
until  the  Fall  of  1852,  when  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Reading  Tp.,  and,  ex- 
cepting two  years  in  Newtown  Tp.,  he  has 
lived  here  since ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
very  poor  circumstances,  being  taxed  but 
$1.25  his  second  year  ;  he  at  tirst  entered 
eighty  acres  where  he  now  resides,  and  now 
owns  953  acres  ;  he  is  largely  interested  in 
stock  raising. 

C.  C.  HEPLER,  farmer;  P.  0.  Mun- 
ster ;  was  born  in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn., 
Sept.  5,  1826.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Hohenshell,  Jan.  6,  1848  ;  she  was  born 
in  Westmoreland  Co.,  Penn. ;  they  have 
ten  children — Francis  M.,  William  E., 
George  W.,  Joseph  G.,  John  R.,  Char- 
lotte A.,  Christopher  A.,  Samuel  L.,  David 
N.,  Kezia  A.  ;  he  lived  in  Pennsylvania 
until  1868,  being  engaged  principally  in 
farming ;  he  then  came  to  Illinois  and  set- 
tled on  his  present   place.     He    has   been 


School  Director  a  number  of  years ;  he 
owns  160  acres  here,  and  eighty  acres  in 
Pike  Tp.,  this  county. 

R.  W.  HICK,  farm  and  stock  ;  P.  0. 
Longpoint ;  was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Aug.  7,  1836.  He  married  Miss  S. 
A.  Evans,  April  1,  1857  ;  she  was  born 
at  Longpoint,  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  April 
29,  1839;  they  had  six  children,  two  liv- 
ing— George  R.  and  J.  F. ;  when  he  v/ua 
but  a  few  months  old,  his  parents  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Wabash  Co. ;  he  re- 
mained there  until  1848,  when  he  went  to 
Kendall  Co.,  111.,  and  in  1852,  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  in  Reading  Tp., 
working  on   the   farm ;  later    he  and   his 


brothers 
acres  ;  in 


John 
1862, 


and  R.  S.  entered  eighty 
,  xw  xwv,-,  he  came  to  his  present 
place.  He  has  been  School  Director  and 
Road  Commissioner ;  he  owns  248  acres, 
a  great  part  of  which  he  has  earned  by  his 
own  labor. 

SAMUEL  HIGBEE,  farm  and  stock  ; 
P.  0.  Ancona  ;  was  born  in  Atlantic  Co., 
N.  J.,  April  6,  1827.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Girard,  Sept.  29,  1856  :  she  was 
born  in  Virginia,  Dec, 
eight  children,  seven 


6,  1832 


living — Charles 


they  had 
T., 
Edwin,  Leon,  Etta  J.,  Jesse,  May  Belle, 
Sarah  L.  and  Annie  Belle ;  he  lived  in 
New  Jersey  twelve  years,  then  with  his 
parents  moved  to  Ohio,  and  settled  in 
Champaign  Co.,  engaging  in  farming,  he 
remained  sixteen  years,  then  went  to  Wis- 
consin, remaining  there  one  year  ;  he  then 
moved  to  near  Wenona,  111.,  and  in  1860, 
he  came  to  his  present  place  ;  he  had  visi- 
ted the  county  as  early  as  1857  ;  he  owns 
160  acres  in  this  township.  He  has  been 
School  Director  a  number  of  years,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Board  ;  he  is  at  present 
Township  Trustee. 

C.  H.  HART,  farm  and  stock  ;  Sec.  31, 
range  4  ;  P.  0.  Collins;  was  born  in  Darke 
Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  3,  1818.  He  married 
Miss  Moriah  Adkins,  Feb.  11,  1840;  she 
was  born  in  Ohio,  Oct.  16,  18i6,  and  died 
Jan.  20,  1850 ;  they  had  three  children, 
one  living— Mary  M.  March  25,  1851, 
he  married  his  second  wife.  Miss  Sarah 
Hallam ;  she  was  born  in  Ohio,  Feb. 
1,  1829  ;  they  had  three  children,  two  liv- 
ing— P.  J.  G.  and  C  D.  ;  he  remained  in 
Ohio  twenty-one  years,  and  then  came  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  close  to  his  present 
place,  he  being  about  the  sixth   settler  in 


READING  TOWNSHIP. 


717 


what  is  now  Reading  Tp.  He  has  been 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Supervisor  of  New- 
town Tp.,  School  Trustee,  Examiner  and 
Director ;  he  came  here  in  poor  circum- 
stances, and  now  owns  over  400  acres 
which  he  has  earned  by  his  own  hibor. 

AUGUST  KAMMINKE,  farmer,  Sec. 
3G  ;  P.  0.  Ancona  ;  was  born  in  Prussia. 
June  14,  1835.  Remarried  MissAugu.sta 
Noack,  Aug.  12,  1862;  she  was  born  in 
Prussia,  Jan.  2,  1841  ;  they  have  four 
children — Clara  A..  Agnes  F.,  Alvina  M. 
and  Otelia  A.  He  lived  in  Germany  about 
twenty-six  years,  working  at  his  trade  of 
wood  turning  ;  he  then  came  to  the  United 
States,  and  settled  in  Livingston  Co.;  this 
was  in  18G1  ;  he  at  first  renting  in  Long 
Point  Tp..  and  in  1870  he  came  to  his 
present  place,  which  he  bought  in  1867  ; 
he  had  no  capital  on  starting,  and  now 
owns  eighty  acres  in  this  township. 

CALEB  MATHIS,  farm  and  stock  ; 
P.  0.  Ancona ;  was  born  in  Champaign 
Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  24,  1822.  He  married 
Miss  Soflena  Black,  July  11,  1847  ;  she 
was  born  in  Ru.shville,  Schuyler  Co.,  111., 
March  12,  1827;  they  have  eleven  chil- 
dren; seven  living — G.  W..  J.  P.,  E.  N., 
(\  E..  S.  E..  W.  G.,  H.  L. ;  he  came  to 
Illinois  with  his  parents  in  1840,  and  set- 
tled in  De  Witt  Co. ;  remaining  two  years, 
and  then  went  to  Putnam  Co.,  where  they 
remained  ixntil  Spring  of  1850,  when  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  in  the 
precinct  of  Reading  Tp. ;  in  1853,  became 
t/)  his  present  place;  he  was  the  second 
Road  Commissioner  after  the  laying-out 
of  the  town  ;  he  and  Mr.  D.  Boyle,  laid 
out  the  present  village  of  Reading,  in  1851  ; 
in  former  years,  while  living  in  Putnam 
Co.,  he  marketed  produce  in  Chicago  by 
way  of  Plainfield,  requiring  one  week  to 
make  the  round  trip,  and  passing  but  three 
Bettlements  during  same  ;  in  1865,  his  farm 
dwelling  burned  and  caused  him  a  loss  of 
about  $2,200  ;  he  owns  160  acres  in  this 
township. 

L.  H.  MALLERY,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Coalville  ;  was  Itorn  in  Saratoga  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  Oct.  16,  1827  ;  he  married  Miss  Mary 
C.  Burton  July  6,  1853;  she  was  born  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  16,  1830  ;  I 
he  lived  in  New  York  until  1850,  when 
he  came  to  Illinois  and  remained  a  few 
months  near  his  present  place  ;  he  then 
returned  to  New  York  and  remained  there 


until  1852,  when  he  again  came  to  Illinois 
and  settled  south  of  his  present  place,  and 
lived  there  until  1857,  when  he  came  to 
his  present  }tlace.  In  July,  1861,  he  en- 
listed in  the  44th  I.  V.  I.,  he  being  Order- 
ly Sergeant,  and  after  three  months'  serv- 
ice he  was  made  Regimental  Ordnance 
Sergeant,  and  later  was  made  Division 
Ordnance  Sergeant ;  he  was  in  the  service 
three  years  and  three  months,  and  was  in 
the  battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Corinth,  Chick- 
amauga,  Chattanooga,  and  the  other  battles 
of  the  Division  ;  he  was  taken  prisoner  at 
Murfreesboro,  Tenn.,  but  was  recaptured 
soon  after  by  Union  cavalry.  He  has  been 
Road  Commissioner  and  Supervisor  ;  Post- 
master since  Dec.  13, 1867,  and  is  at  pres- 
ent Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Town  Clerk. 
He  came  to  this  County  in  limited  circum- 
stances ;  he  owns  100  acres  of  land,  on 
which  he  has  a  coal  mine  in  operation ;  he 
also  carries  on  a  steam  saw  mill  and  the 
grocery  business. 

J.  W.  MOON,  farm  and  stock  ;  Sec.  11  ; 
P.  0.  Reading  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  on  his  present  place  March  8, 1851. 
He  married  Miss  Nellie  Johnson  Jan.  18, 
1877  ;  she  was  born  in  Sangamon  Co.,  111., 
March  27,  1858  ;  they  have  one  child — 
Albert  C.  He  has  always  lived  here,  ex- 
cept several  years  while  attending  Knox 
College,  at  Galesburg,  111. ;  he  resides  on 
the  old  homestead,  the  lumber  of  which 
was  hauled  from  Chicago  by  his  father, 
whose  portrait  appears  in  this- work,  and 
who  settled  here  in  August,  1833.  Mr. 
J.  W.  was  elected  Supervisor  of  this  town- 
ship in  the  Spring  of  1877,  and  is  now 
serving  on  his  second  term  in   that  office. 

JOHN  W.  MILLS,  farm  and  stock  ; 
P.  0.  Reading ;  was  born  in  Clinton  Co., 
Ohio,  June  4,  1835.  He  married  Miss 
Lucy  E.  Coe  March  31,  1864;  she  was 
born  in  Geauga  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  5,  1842  ; 
they  have  four  children,  three  living — 
Freddie  E.,  Clnra  E.  and  Charles  F. ;  he 
remained  in  Ohio  until  1854,  when,  with 
his  parents,  he  came  to  Illinois  and  .settled 
in  Reading  Tp.;  in  1866,  he  came  to  his 
present  place  and  has  lived  here  since  ;  he 
has  held  the  offices  of  Supervisor,  Assessor, 
Collector,  Road  Commissioner  and  School 
Trustee  and  Treasurer.  He  started  on 
limited  means,  and  now  owns  320  acres 
of  land,  which  he  has  earned  principally 
by  his  own  labor  and  management. 


718- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


J.  C.  MILLS,  farm  and  stock ;  P.  0. 
Ancona  ;  was  born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio, 
May  29,  1822.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Ann  Reece  Au";.  24,  1843  ;  she  was 

born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio, 

and  died  April  — ,  1845  ;  they  had  one 
child,  who  died  in  the  army.  June  17, 
1846,  he  married  Mrs.  Adams,  formerly 
Miss  Eliza  Hayes ;  she  was  born  in  High- 
land Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  27,  1823  ;  they  had 
ten  children,  nine  living — Edith  Jane, 
Annie  M.,  Elanora  A.,  Joseph  A.,  George 
E.,  Daniel,  Gertrude,  Mary  and  Asa.  In 
1853,  he  left  Ohio  and  came  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  Reading  Tp.,  where  he  remained 
two  years  ;  he  then  went  to  Iowa  and  set- 
tled in  Cedar  Co.,  remaining  one  year,  when 
he  returned  to  Reading  Tp.  and  settled  on 
his  present  place.  He  has  been  Supervisor, 
Assessor,  Collector  and  School  Treasurer. 
He  owns  120  acres  ;  he  started  in  poor 
circumstances.  ! 

WILLIAM   McKINNEY,  farmer;   P. 
O.  Ancona ;    was  born   in    Fairfield    Co.,  i 
Ohio.     Married  Miss  Albina  J.  Hunt  Oct.   { 
18,  1853 ;  she  was  born   Sept.  22,  1833 ;   i 
they  had  eight  children,  four  living — Sam- 
uel G.,  Annie  L.,  Nettie  J.  and  Jennie  A. 
He  lived  in  Ohio  until  he  was  twenty-two 
years  old  ;  be  then   came    to    Illinois  and 
settled  in  McLean  Co.,  engaging  in  farm- 
ing,  and    remaining   six   years  ;    he  then  j 
came  to  his  present  place  in  1859.    He  has 
been  School  Trustee  six  years  ;  was   Road 
Commissioner  six  years  and   Treasurer  of 
Commissioners  three  years,  aiso  School  Di-  ' 
rector ;    he    is    at    present   Director    and 
Superintendent  of  Union   Fair  ;    he  owns 
1 60  acres  here  in  this  township ;  he  started 
in  life  without  any  capital ;    his  wife  was 
educated  at  Otterbein  University,  Ohio. 

G.  W.  MATHIS,  general  merchandise, 
Ancona,  111.  ;  was  born  in   the  village   of  i 
Reading,    this    county,   March  28,   1851.   ! 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  Coe  Oct.  24, 1872  ;  ' 
she  was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  Nov. 
2,  1850  ;  they  had  three  children,  two  liv- 
ing— May  Belle  and    Lena    E. ;    when  2 
vears  old,  his  parents  moved  to  the  farm 
near  by,  where  he  lived  until  1870  ;  dur- 
ing: which  time  he  attended  school  for  two 
years  in  Eureka  ;  he  then  engaged  as  clerk 
in  a  general  merchandise  store  in  Ancona, 
and  then  taught  school   in   Newtown  Tp., 
after  which  he  carried  the  United  States 
mail  from  Streator  to  Pontiac  ;  he  then  en- 


gaged as  clerk  in  a  store  at  Long  Point ; 
in  1873,  he  started  in  the  grocery  business 
in  Ancona ;  the  same  year  he  formed  a 
partnership  in  the  general  merchandise 
business  in  this  place  ;  in  1874,  he  engaged 
in  his  present  business.  He  was  appointed 
Postmaster  in  1873,  and  has  held  the  of- 
fice since. 

J.  P.  MATHIS,  of  the  firm  of  Cummins 
&  Mathis,  grain  buyers,  Ancona,  111.  ;  was 
born  in  the  village  of  Reading,  this 
county,  Dec.  2,1852.  He  married  Miss  Annie 
Coe,  Oct.  31,  1876  ;  she  was  born  in 
Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  Feb.  28,1857;  they  have 
one  child — Nellie  E.  He  lived  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Reading  one  year,  when  his  parents 
moved  to  the  tarni  near  by,  where  he  lived 
until  1873,  during  which  time  he  spent 
about  four  years  in  Minonk,  111.,  attending 
school,  also  teaching ;  he  then  came  to 
Ancona,  and  engaged  as  clerk  in  general 
merchandise  store  ;  continued  until  Sept., 
1877,  when  he  engaged  in  the  grain  busi- 
ness ;  continued  in  same  until  July,  1878, 
when  he  formed  the   present  partnership. 

ALEXANDER  MONTGOMERY;  P. 
0.  Munster ;  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn., 
Dec.  23,  1828.  He  married  Miss  Sarah 
Stofer,  March  28,  1849  ;  she  was  born  in 
Fayette  Co.,  Penn.  ;  they  had  ten  childreo, 
nine  living — James,  Betsy,  John,  Frank, 
Dorah,  Seymor,  Mary,  Alexander  and  Eva; 
Margarette  A.,  died.  He  lived  in  Penn- 
sylvania until  1867  ;  was  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  boat-building ;  then  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  on  his  present  place ;  he 
had  no  capital  on  starling,  and  now  owns 
160  acres,  well  improved. 

ALEX.  H.  PATTERSON,  farming 
and  stock  raising,  P.  0.  Streator  ;  was  bora 
in  Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  11,  1835. 
He  married  Miss  Flora  A.  King,  March 
10,  1864 ;  she  was  born  in  Hancock  Co., 
Me.,  March  19,  1840  ;  they  had  four  chil- 
dren, two  living — Phebe  K.  and  Moriah. 
He  remained  at  home  on  his  father's  farm 
until  1857,  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  and 
settled  in  La  Salle  Co.  ;  here  he  worked  on 
the  farm  until  1867,  when  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  settled  where  he 
now  lives ;  he  rented  the  place  for  two 
years  ;  he  then  went  to  La  Salle  Co.,  and  re- 
mained one  year  ;  he  then  returned  to  his 
present  place  and  bought  eighty  acres  of 
same  ;  he  came  West  in  debt  ;  he  now 
owns    160    acres,    which    he   has    earned 


READING  TOWNSHIP. 


719 


principally  by  liis  own  labor  and  manage- 
ment. 

WILLIAM  REED,  farmer,  P.  0.  An- 
fona  ;  was  born  in  Clermont  Co.,  Ohio, 
July  16,  1830.  He  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth A.  Andrews,  July  7,  1853  ;  she  was 
born  in  Ohio,  Aug.  18,  1834,  and  died 
Feb.  13,  1805  ;  they  had  six  children, 
three  living — Liza  Ann,  Florence  A.  and 
George  N  ;  his  second  wife  was  Mrs.  M.J. 
Talbott,  formerly  Miss  Marshall ;  she  was 
born  in  Gruernscy  Co.,  Ohio,  July  1), 
1840,  and  married  Dec.  19,  18G5  ;  they 
have  no  children  ;  his  wife's  child,  Miss  M. 
J.  Talbot,  is  living  with  them.  He  lived 
in  Ohio  twenty-four  years,  then  came  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  in  La  Salle  Co.,  near 
Peru  ;  in  1857,  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settled  in  Long  Point  Tp.,  and  in  1861 
he  came  to  his  present  place ;  he  owns  120 
acres  in  this  township,  which  he  has 
earned  by  his  own  labor,  having  started 
without  capital. 

DANIEL  REED,  farmer,  P.  0.  An- 
cona ;  was  born  in  Clermont' Co.,  Ohio., 
Dec.  29,  1826.  He  married  Miss  Eliza 
G.  Merrill,  March  8,1849;  she  was  born 
in  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.  J.,  Feb.^G,  1830; 
they  had  seven  children,  three  living — 
Mary  C,  Daniel  M.  and  Franklin  B.  He 
lived  in  Ohio  thirty  years,  where  he  learned 
and  followed  blacksmithing  ;  he  then  came 
to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Ancona,  where  he 
engaged  at  his  trade,  and  remained  until 
1871,  when  he  came  to  his  present  place 
and  engaged  in  farming.  He  has  been 
iSehool  Director  a  number  of  years.  He 
owns  160  acres  here,  besides  property  in 
Ancona ;  he  came  to  this  county  in  limited 
circumstances,  and  has  earned  his  property 
by  his  own  labor. 

GEORGE  SIXT,  farmer,  P.  0.  An- 
cona ;  was  born  in  Hesse-Darmstadt,  in  Ger- 
many, Aug.  24,  1830.  He  married  Miss 
Catheron  Appelsheimer,  June  4,  1853  ; 
she  was  born  in  the  same  place ;  they  had 
eight  children,  five  living — Maggie,  Walter. 
Lizzie,  Mary  and  George.  He  lived  in 
Germany  about  twenty  years,  then  came  to 
the  United  States,  and  settled  in  New 
York,  where  he  engaged  at  his  trade  of 
coopering;  he  remained  in  New  York  about 
sixteen  years,  then  ho  came  to  Illinois  and 
settled  on  his  present  place.  He  has  been 
School  Director  a  number  of  years,  and  is 
at  present  Road   Commissioner,  also  Treas- 


urer of  the  Commi.^^sioners.  He  owns  160 
acres  in  this  township ;  he  had  no  moans 
on  commencing,  and,  excepting  a  few  hun- 
dred dollars,  he  has  earned  his  present 
place  by  his  own  labor. 

J.  L.  TOMB AUGH,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Mun- 
ster ;  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn., 
April  3,  1840.  He  married  Miss  Sarah 
Jane  Ostrander,  Jan.  26,  1869;  she  was 
born  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  13,  1839; 
they  have  three  children — Hilda  R.,  Leon 
M.  and  Mary  Levina ;  he  lived  in  Penn- 
sylvania until  1864,  being  engaged  in  farm- 
ing; he  then  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in 
Reading  Tp.,  on  his  pres(!nt  place  ;  he  came 
West  in  fair  circumstances;  he  owns  160 
acres  in  this  township,  which  is  well  lo- 
cated and  improved  ;  his  father  is  not  liv- 
ing ;  his  mother  lives  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn  ;  his  brother  is  County  Superintend- 
ent of  Schools. 

E.  D.  TURNER,  farm  and  stock,  Sec. 
25  ;  P.  0.  Streator  ;  was  born  in  Luzerne 
Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  29,  1825.  He  married 
Miss  Fidelia  Ball,  March  23,  1844  ;  she 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  died  May 
4,  1871  ;  they  had  two  children — Mercy 
J.  and  Louisa  L.  His  second  wife  was 
Mrs.  Eaton,  formerly  Miss  M.  J.  Atkins  ; 
they  were  married  Aug.  10,  1874  ;  she  was 
born  in  Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  June  12,  1835  ; 
they  have  one  child — Francis  D.  Mrs. 
Turner  had  six  children  by  a  former  mar- 
riage, five  living — William,  Edgar,  Ellis, 
Fannie  M.  and  Laura  M.  He  lived  in 
Pennsylvania  until  1857,  engaging  at  his 
trade  of  mason  ;  he  then  came  West  and 
settled  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  where  ho  fol- 
lowed farming  and  his  trade ;  remained  there 
until  1873,  when  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co. ;  he  started  without  anything;  he  now 
owns  eighty  acres;  his  wife  also  owns  160 
acres,  all  in  this  township. 

JOHN  WESSELING,  farmer,  Sec. 
25;  P.O.  Ancona;  was  born  in  Prussia, 
Oct.  2,  1830.  He  married  Miss  Susan 
McDermott,  April  4,  1863  ;  she  was  born 
in  Ireland;  they  have  no  children.  He  lived 
in  Prussia  fourteen  years,  when  he  engaged 
as  sailor  and  continued  in  that  business 
until  1857,  during  which  time  he  visited 
all  the  principal  ports  in  Europe,  Asia  and 
North  America,  and  all  the  principal 
islands ;  in  1857,  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  engaged  in  the  Lake  trade  ;  re- 
mained until  1863,when  he  settled  in  LaSalle 


720 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


Co. ;  remained  tour  years  and  then  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  settling  on  his  present  place ; 
he  owns  120  acres  in  this  township,  well 
improved. 

ZACHARIAH  WALTER, farmer  ;  P. 
O.  Reading  ;  was  born  in  York  Co.,  Penn., 
Dec.  14,  1831.  He  married  Miss  Malinda 
Defenbaugh,  Aug.  11, 1853  ;  she  was  born 
near  Adelphi,  Ohio,  Aug.  2,  1835 ;  they 
had  twelve  children,  eight  living — Oliver, 


Andrew,  William,  Lewis,  Joanus,  Cora, 
Louisa  and  Morris  ;  he  lived  in  Pennsyl- 
vania three  years,  when  he  moved  to  Ohio 
with  his  parents  ;  in  1850,  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  in  Reading  Tp.,  and  has 
resided  here  most  of  the  time  since ;  he 
owns  200  acres  in  this  township,  which  he 
has  earned  by  his  own  labor  and  manage- 
ment, having  come  West  without  any 
capital. 


LONG    POINT    TOWNSHIP. 


0.   M.   ALDEN,  ftirm   and  stock,  Sec. 
14  ;  P.  O.  Long  Point;  was  born  in  Will- 
iamstown,    Mass.,   Sept.    17,   1824.     His 
present  wife    was    Mrs.  Tracey,  formerly  I 
Miss  Sarah  J.  Lilley ;  they  were  married  ; 
March    13,   1875  ;    they  have   each    two 
children  by  former  marriage — Earnest  M.   j 
and  Eugene  E.,  and  Arthur  D.  and  Clar- 
ence W^.  Tracey.     He  lived  in  Massachu- 
setts five  years,  then  with  his  parents  he 
moved  to   Ohio   and  remained  there  until  i 
he  was  32,  during  which  time  he  learned 
the  carpenter  trade,  and  has  worked  at  his  j 
trade  and  farming  since  ;  in  1856,  he  came  i 
to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  on  his  pres-  ' 
ent  place ;  he  started  in  poor  circumstances ; 
he  now  owns  120  acres  here  in  this  town- 
ship, and  eighty  acres  in  Amity  Tp.,  this  i 
county. 

E.C.ALLEN,   farming.  Sec.   16;    P. 
0.  Long  Point ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was   born   in  Tioga   Co.,   Penn.,  Feb.  14, 
1821.     On  Dec.  8,  1849,  he  married  Miss  i 
L.  J.   Fowler,  who   was  born  in   Putnam 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  7,  1828  ;  they  had  eight  \ 
children — Almon,    Alden,    Alfred,  Alma, 
Alva,  Almina,  Allice  and  Albert ;  the  two 
latter  have  died.     He  resided  in  Pennsyl- 
vania  until    the    Fall  of  1836,  when   he 
moved  to  Ohio,  and  in  1837.  he  came  to  I 
Illinois  and  engaged  in  driving  stage  from 
Havana  to  Springfield;  in  1841,  he  came  j 
to  Livingston  Co.  and  engaged  in  general 
labor ;    in    1852,  he  bought   his  present 
place  and  moved  on  same  soon  after.     He 
has  been   Supervisor    eleven   years ;    also 
Chairman  of  the  Board  several  terms,  and 
collector  by  appointment ;  in  1876,  he  was 
elected  Representative  from  18th  District 


( Independent  j,  by  a  vote  of  7,321.  He 
left  Ohio  on  foot,  worth  $8  ;  he  now  owns 
200  acres ;  in  early  days,  while  he  was  hunt- 
ing, he  camped  several  weeks  with  Shab- 
bona. 

JAMES  ARGUBRIGHT,  farm  and 
stock.  Sec.  3 ;  P.  O.  Long  Point ;  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  is  second  to  the  old- 
est resident  settler  of  this  township  ;  he 
was  born  in  Augusta  Co.,  Va.,  Jan.  9, 
1808.  He  married  Miss  Jane  S.  Odell 
Dec.  15,  1831  ;  she  was  born  in  Ross  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  3, 1813 ;  they  had  ten  children, 
seven  living — Arre  Ann,  John  W.,  Caleb 
0.,  George  N.,  Martha  E.,  Joseph  W.  and 
Adaline  S.  He  lived  in  Virginia  about 
eight  years  and  then  moved  to  Ohio,  re- 
maining there  about  thirteen  years  ;  he 
then  came  to  Illinois,  and  in  the  year  1835, 
he  settled  near  Peru,  in  La  Salle  Co.;  in 
1839,  he  settled  on  his  present  place.  He 
has  held  the  offices  of  School  Trustee  and 
Director ;  also  Collector.  At  first  he 
bought  eighty  acres ;  he  now  owns  223 
acres,  which  he  has  earned  by  his  own 
labor  ;  he  has  hauled  wheat  to  Chicago  by 
oxen,  and  sold  the  same  for  55  cents  per 
bushel,  requiring  nine  days  to  make  the 
trip ;  on  one  of  these  trips  his  expenses 
were  20  cents,  being  occasioned  by  his 
companion  getting  sick. 

A.  J.  BOSSERMAN,  Agent  C,  P.  & 
S.  W.  R.  R.,  Long  Point ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  in  Newport,  Perry 
Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  1,  1831.  He  married 
Miss  Phebe  A.  Pratt  Feb.  12,  1856 ;  she 
was  born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn.;  they 
had  six  children,  four  living — W.  T.,  Jessie. 
Frank  and  Ross.     He  resided  in  Pennsyl- 


LONG   POINT   TOWNSHIP. 


721 


vaoia  until  1851  ;  a  part  of  which  time  he 
clerked  in  his  father's  store  ;  he  then  en- 
gaged in  travelinti-  until  1854,  when  he 
settled  in  Farm  Ridge,  La  Salle  Co.,  111., 
and  engaged  in  farming;  he  remained  two 
years,  when  he  returned  to  Pcnn.sylvania, 
and  in  1858  he  came  to  Long  Point,  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  111.,  where  he  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  in  1860,  he  moved  to  Farm  Kilge 
and  remained  until  1 865,  when  he  came 
to  Ancona,  in  this  county,  and  remained 
there  until  1873,  when  he  again  came  to 
Long  Point.  He  ha.s  held  the  oflBces  of 
fin  Reading  Tp. )  Town  Clerk,  Assessor 
and  Justice  of  the  Peace  ;  in  this  township 
he  has  been  Collector,  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Supervisor  also  Notary  ;  he  is  Station 
Agent  of  the  C,  P.  &  S.  W.  R.  R.,  also 
Agent  of  American  Express  Company ; 
he  has  been  longest  in  the  employ  of  the 
railroad  company  of  any  one. 

FREDERICK  CARLTON,  farming; 
Sec.  10  ;  P.O.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Kent 
Co.,  England,  Jan.  18, 1814.  He  married 
Miss  Sarah  Winser,  Dec.  23, 1840  ;  she  was 
born  in  Kent  Co.,  Eng.,  Jan.  21, 1820  ;  they 
had  eight  children,  only  one  living — Char- 
lotte E.  He  lived  in  England  until  1841, 
then  came  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in  Bureau 
Co.,  and  in  184:i  he  came  to  Livingston 
€o.,  and  settled  on  his  present  place.  He 
is  no  office  seeker,  and  has  held  no  offices. 
He  left  England  in  very  poor  circumstan- 
ces, and  he  now  owns  180  acres,  which 
he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor  ;  in  early 
days,  he  has  sent  produce  to  Chicago  by 
wagon  ;  when  he  came  here,  only  a  few  log 
cabins  could  be  seen  about  the  grove. 
^  JOHN  COOPER,  farm  and  stock. 
Sec.  6 ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born 
in  Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  Aug.  18,  1830.  He 
married  Miss  Sarah  J.  Oldham,  March  18, 
1858 ;  she  was  born  in  Cecil  Co.,  Md., 
Aug.  3,  1836  ;  they  have  nine  children — 
Suetta,  Hiram  A.,  Willmot  0.,  Laura  E., 
Mary  A.,  Wayne  P.,  Annie  Y.,  Howard 
O.,  and  Clara  B.  He  lived  in  Pennsyl- 
vania twenty-seven  years  ;  was  engaged  in 
working  on  his  father's  farm  ;  he  received 
a  liberal  education  ;  in  1857,  he  came  West 
and  settled  on  his  present  place,  breaking 
prairie  on  the  10th  of  June  ;  he  came  here 
in  poor  circumstances  ;  he  owns  160  acres, 
■which  he  has  principally  earned  by  his  own 
labor.  In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  l04th 
I-  V.  I.,  Co.  I,  and  was  made   Corporal ; 


was  in  the  battles  of  Mission  Ridge,  Look- 
out 3Iountain,  Atlanta,  etc.,  ;  remained 
in  service  until  the  close  of  the  war,  attend- 
ing the  grand  review  at  Washington. 

S.COLEMAN,  farm  and  .stock.  Sec.  9; 
P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Musking- 
um Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  10,  1831.  He  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Stewart,  formerly  Miss  Emma 
Fowler,  Nov.  6,  1853 ;  she  was  born  in 
Putnam  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  28,  1832  ;  they 
had  ten  children,  seven  living — Mary  L*, 
George  A.,  Sarah,  John,  Lydia,  Laura  and 
Charles.  Re  lived  in  Ohio  two  years ;  in 
1833,  with  his  parents  he  went  to  Illinois, 
and  settled  in  Bureau  Co.  ;  remained  there 
until  1856,  when  he  came  to  his  present 
place.  He  has  been  Town  Clerk,  School 
Director  and  Trustee.  He  had  no  capital 
on  starting;  he  now  owns  171)  acres  in  this 
township,  which  he  has  earned  principally 
by  his  own  labor  and  management. 

S.  D.  CARSON,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  8  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point;  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Adams  Co., 
Ohio,  July  4,  1835.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  E.  Sillik,  March  17,  1868;  she  was 
born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio,  March  5,  1846  ; 
they  had  three  children,  two  living — Mary 
E.  and  S.  D.,  Jr.  He  lived  in  Ohio  until 
1865,  being  engaged  in  farming  and  teach- 
ing .school ;  he  then  came  to  Illinois  and  lo- 
cated on  his  present  place,  following  his  for- 
mer occupation  of  farming  and  teaching. 
He  has  held  the  offices  of  Town  Clerk, 
School  Director  and  Treasurer,  also  Justice 
of  the  Peace.  In  1861.  he  enlisted  in  the 
39th  0.  V.  I  ;  remained  in  service  nine 
months  ;  also  in  the  Home  Guards,  who 
served  four  months.  He  started  in  fair  cir- 
cumstances ;  he  now  owns  180  acres  in  this 
township. 

JOHN  DYKES,  farming.  Sec.  20  ;  P. 
O.  Dana ;  was  born  in  Manchester,  En- 
gland, Feb.  6, 1819.  He  married  Miss  Sarah 
M.  Gilroy,  Nov.  26,  1842,  in  Richmond, 
Ind.  ;  she  was  born  in  Canada,  May  9, 
1823;  they  had  four  children,  two  living 
— George  W.  and  Lydia  J.  He  lived  in 
England  until  1832  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States  ;  he  first  stopped  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, then  went  to  Delaware,  and  then  to 
Philadelphia,  remaining  there  until  1838, 
when  he  removed  to  Richmond,  Ind.,  and  re- 
mained until  1844  ;  he  then  went  to  Ohio, 
and  in  1846.  he  went  to  Putnam  Co.,  111.  ; 
in  1856,  he  came  to   Livingston    Co.,  111., 


722 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


and  settled  on  his  present  place,  where  he 
commenced  the  business  of  farming  ;  he 
formerly  followed  the  manufacturing  busi- 
ness of  cotton  and  wool  ;  he  left  England  in 
poor  circumstances ;  he  now  owns  318  acres 
which  he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor. 

EWART  BROS.,  farm  and  stock,  Sec. 
18;  P.  0.  Dana;  A.  J.,  Josiah,  Joseph 
and  James,  were  born  in  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  where  they  followed  farming  until 
the  Fall  of  1855,  when  Mr.  A.  J.  came 
West ;  he  stopped  in  Logan  Co.  until  Jan., 
1856',  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
and  settled  on  a  farm  where  the  present 
village  of  Long  Point  is  located  :  the  fol- 
lowing  Spring  his  three  brothers  came  West 
and  they  carried  on  the  farm  together  ; 
remained  three  years,  when  they  moved  to 
Sec.7,  and  remained  four  years,  and  in  1863 
they  settled  on  their  present  place.  Mr. 
A.  J.  has  held  the  offices  of  Assessor,  Col- 
lector and  Road  Commissioner.  They  came 
here  in  poor  circumstances,  and  at  first 
rented  ;  they  now  own  240  acres,  which 
they  have  earned  by  their  own  labor  ;  they 
are  largely  interested  in  stock  raising. 

W.  H.  EVANS,  farm  and  stock,  Sec. 
4 ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in 
Marshall  Co.,  111.,  Oct.  1,  1836.  He 
married  Miss  Edith  J.  Mills,  Feb.  17, 
1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio, 
Aug.  6,  1847;  they  have  three  children — 
Harvey  R.,  Mary  E.  and  Ross  ;  he  lived  in 
Marshall  Co.  about  two  years,  then  he 
came  with  his  parents  to  Long  Point  Tp.  ; 
his  father  had  been  here  as  early  as  1836, 
and  bought  a  claim  to  this  present  place  ; 
Mr.  Wm.  H.  is  the  nexttooldest  resident  by 
birth  in  the  township  ;  he  has  lived  all  his 
life  in  this  township,  except  two  years  on 
the  Plains,  and  three  years  in  the  army  ;  in 
1858,  he  set  out  for  California  ;  his  object 
was  mining,  but  he  engaged  in  the  wood 
business.  In  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  129th 
I.  V.  I.,  and  was  made  Corporal ;  was  in  the 
battles  of  Atlanta,  Chattanooga,  Savannah 
and  other  engagements  of  the  regiment. 
He  owns  135  acres  in  this  section. 

L.  J.  HALSTED,  farm  and  stock,  Sec. 
2  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Ind.,  Aug.  8.  1827.  He  married 
Miss  Mary  Ann  Harter,  May  28,  1 848  ; 
she  was  born  in  Ohio ;  they  had  twelve 
children,  eleven  living — JohnS.,  AlliceA., 
Mary  F.,  Florence  0.,  Hannah  A.,  Henry 
L..  William  E.,  Emma  A.,  Grrant,  Rose  B. 


and  Benjamin  0.  ;  he  lived  in  Indiana  un- 
til 1856,  being  principally  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  he  then  moved  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  La  Salle  Co.,  near  Wenona,  and  remained 
there  until  1869,  when  he  came  to  his  pres- 
ent place.  He  has  been  Assessor,  Road 
Commissioner  and  School  Director 
alsvj  Treasurer  of  Commisioners ;  he 


406  acres  ;  he  had 


was 
,  ^v.  owns 
when  he  was  mar- 


ried, and  has  earned  his  property  by  his 
own  labor  ;  he  is  largely  interested  in  stock 
raising,  particularly  in  fine  stock.     See  adv. 

A.  HALLAM,  farming;  P.  0.  Long 
Point ;  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn., 
March  28,  1802.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Miller,  Feb.  6,  1828;  she  was  born  in 
Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  May  27,  1809, 
and  died  April  8,  1870  ;  they  had  fifteen 
children,  eight  living — Sarah,  Sophia  J., 
Diadama,  Easter  A.,  Emily,  and  Harriet, 
James  W.  and  Samuel  S. ;  his  second 
wife  was  Mrs.  Hoover,  formerly  Miss 
S.  W.  Hunt;  they  were  married  March 
14,  1872;  they  have  no  children; 
an  adopted  daughter,  Miss  Maud  B.  Hoo- 
ver, lives  with  thera  ;  he  lived  in  Penn- 
^Ivania  about  twenty-six  years,  then  went 
to  Ohio  and  settled  in  Clinton  Co.,  where 
he  cleared  a  farm  and  followed  farming  for 
twenty-two  years,  when  in  1850  he  came 
to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  on  Sec.  3,  in 
Long  Puint  Tp.,  and  remained  here  until 
1874,  when  he  came  to  the  village  of  Long 
Point  and  has  lived  here  since.  He  has 
been  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  twelve  years ; 
he  came  here  in  fair  circumstances  ;  he 
owns  162  acres,  which  he  has  earned  by  his 
own  labor.  The  present  3Irs.  Hallam  had 
five  sons  in  the  army  ;  two  of  whom  died 
there.  Mr.  Hallam  was  one  of  the  three 
Commissioners  appointed  to  divide  the 
county  in  townships,  and  named  the 
same. 

GODFREY  KEIL,  farming.  Sec.  2  ; 
P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Prussia, 
Oct,  15,  1825.  He  married  Miss  Marga- 
rette  Greenup,  June  15,  1855  ;  she  was 
born  in  Byron,  Germany  ;  they  have  no 
children  ;  he  lived  in  Germany  about 
twenty  one-years,  where  he  learned  the 
trade  of  carpentering ;  he  then  came  to 
the  United  States  and  settled  in  Long 
Point  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  in  1847; 
in  1848,  he  bought  his  present  place  and 
has  lived  here  since  ;  he  worked  at  his 
trade  more  or  less  the  first   twenty  years  ; 


LONG   POINT   TOWNSHIP. 


723 


he  is  no  oflSce  seeker,  and  has  held  no  of- 
fice ;  he  came  to  this  county  in  very  poor 
circumstances  and  was  sick  during  his  first 
year  here  ;  he  now  owns  180  acres,  which 
he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor  and  man- 
agement ;  in  early  days  he  marketed  his 
grain  in  Ottawa;  during  his  first  year,  many 
hauled  their  grain  to  Chicago. 

JOHN  MINARD,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in 
Upper  Canada,  Oct.  20,  1825.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Elizabeth  Ann  Martine,Feb.  24, 
1850  ;  phe  was  born  in  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y  , 
Jan.  30,  1818;  they  had  five  children, 
four  living — Ira,  Charles  H.,  Sophrana 
and  Lizzie  M.  He  lived  in  Canada  about 
seven  years,  and  in  1832,  he  moved  to  In- 
diana and  settled  in  La  Porte  Co.,  and  in 
1835,  he  moved  to  Chicago,  111.,  and  the 
same  year  he  moved  to  La  Salle,  in  La 
Salle  Co.,  111.,  and  remained  here  until 
1855,  except  two  years  in  California,  when 
he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  on 
Sec.  9,  Long  Point  Tp.;  he  had  no  capital 
to  commence  with,  and  now  owns  540 
acres,  besides  being  the  largest  stock  raiser 
in  this  township ;  all  of  which  he  has  earned 
by  his  own  labor. 

A.  J.  McDowell,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  is  the  oldest  resident  settler  of 
this  township  ;  he  was  born  in  Bradford 
Co.,  Penn.,  May  8,  1811,  and  Feb.  17, 
1848,  he  married  Miss  Dorleska  J.  Perry; 
she  was  born  in  Cayuga,  Co.,  N.  Y.,  April 
29,  1820;  they  had  twelve  children,  five 
living — Alice  A.,  Celinda  L.,  John  D., 
Andrew  and  Luella  May.  He  I'emained  a 
resident  of  Pennsylvania  for  twenty-seven 
years,  and  in  1837  he  came  West  and  set- 
tled on  his  present  place,  and  has  remained 
here  since ;  he  has  in  early  days  delivered 
wheat  in  Chicago  for  45  cents  per  bushel. 
He  has  held  different  school  offices  and 
has  been  Assessor  and  County  Commis- 
sioner ;  at  first  he  bought  160  acres  from 
the  Government 


he  now  owns  305  acres, 
which   he  has  earned    by  his  own 


all  of 
labor. 

THOMAS  MILLS,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  1 ;  P.O.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in 
Clinton  Co..  Ohio,  March  23,  1810.  He 
married  Miss  Eliza  C.  Wier,Oct.  19. 1837  ; 
she  was  born  in  Athens  Co.,  Ohio,  April 
10,  1814,  and  died  March  4,  1871  ;  they 
had   eight  children,  five   living — Mary  L., 


Ann  E.,  William  H.,  Janet  E.  and  Mar- 
garet E.  He  married  his  second  wife 
(Mrs.  McCarty,  formerly  Miss  Phebe  M. 
Van  Winkle)  Aug.  4,  1872;  they  have 
two  children — Lewis  E.  and  Elma.  He 
lived  in  Ohio  until  October,  1850,  when 
he  came  west  and  stopped  in  Amity  Tp., 
Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  in  February  of 
1851,  he  settled  on  his  present  place,  and 
has  reniaitied  here  since.  He  has  been 
Assessor,  Town  Treasurer,  Road  Commis- 
sioner and  has  held  school  offices.  He 
came  West  in  poor  circumstances  ;  lie  now 
owns  24t)  acres,  which  he  has  principally 
earned  l)y  his  own  labor. 

S.  MARTINE,  farming.  Sec.  27  ;  P.  0. 
Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Seneca  Co.,  N. 
Y.,  July  0, 1840.  He  married  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth Bennett  Nov.  22,  1866  ;  she  was 
born  in  La  Grange  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  20. 
1848  ;  they  had  three  children,  two  living 
— Frank  and  Herbert ;  Charles  died  Oct. 
29,  1871.  He  lived  in  New  York  seven 
years,  then  came  with  his  parents  to  Illi- 
nois, and  settled  in  La  Salle  Co.,  near 
Tonica,  where  they  remained  until  1854, 
when  they  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and 
settled  in  Reading  Tp. ;  he  then  came  to 
Long  Point  Tp.,  and  in  1868  he  settled 
on  his  present  place.  In  1865,  he  enlisted 
in  1st  Regt.  111.  Artillery,  Battery  G,  and 
was  discharged  in  July  of  same  year.  His 
parents,  J.  R.  and  Hester  J.,  are  living 
here  with  him ;  he  owns  120  acres  here 
in  this  township. 

J.  N.  MARKLE,  M.  D.,  druggist. 
Long  Point ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  4, 
1838.  He  married  Miss  Susannah  Phil- 
lips, Dec.  22,  1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Har- 
rison Co..  Ohio;  they  had  two  children, 
one  living — Lafal.  He  lived  in  Ohio  un- 
til 1867,  during  which  time  he  enjraged  in 
reading  medicine  and  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness. He  also  in  June,  1861,  enlisted  in 
the  30th  Ohio  Regt.  Infantry  ;  remained 
in  service  three  years  and  three  months  ; 
he  took  part  in  the  battles  of  the  Second 
Bull  Run,  South  Mountain,  Antietam. 
Vicksburg  and  Atlanta  campaign.  In 
1870,  he  graduated  at  the  Keokuk,  Iowa, 
Medical  College,  and  practiced  three  years 
in  that  State;  in  1873,  he  came  to  Long 
Point  and  continued  his  practice,  adding- 
the  drug  business.  In  February,  1876, 
he  was  appointed  Postmaster  and  has  con- 


724 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


tinued  so  since  ;  he  was  Town  Clerk,  for 
1877,  of  this  township. 

M.  H.  PHILLIPS,  stock  dealer  ;  P.  0. 
Long  Point  ;  was  born  on  his  father's  farm  in 
Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  17,  1839,  where 
he  hved  until  1862,  being  in  charge  of  the 
farm  since  he  was  16  ;  he  also  taught 
school  during  the  winter  months  ;  at  this 
time  the  place  was  sold  and  the  family 
moved  to  the  village  of  Morristown,  near  by ; 
he  remained  here  until  1863,  during  which 
time  he  engaged  as  stock  dealer  for  his  own 
account ;  in  1 864,  he,  with  fourteen  others, 
started  for  Virginia  City,  Montana,  going 
to  St.  Joe,  Mo.,  by  rail ;  here  he  engaged 
as  leader  of  an  emigrant  train,  and 
drove  seventeen  hundred  miles  to  Virginia 
City,  where  he  followed  mining ;  but  as  his 
partner  died,  he  soon  returned  to  Denver,  via 
Salt  Lake  City  ;  at  Denver  he  engaged  in 
.surveying,  also  general  merchandise  ;  he 
returned  home  to  Ohio  and  followed  stock 
dealing  until  1872,  when  he  came  to  Long 
Point,  and  has  remained  here  since. 

JAMES  B.  PHILLIPS, farm andstock, 
Sec.  4  ;  P.  O.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in 
Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  2,  1833.  He 
married  Miss  Sarah  Clifford,  Jan.  30,1856; 
she  was  born  in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan. 
1 ,  1832  ;  they  have  had  nine  children,  eight 
living — Mathew  D.,  Rebecca  J.,  Susan 
A.,  Edward  C,  John  W.,  Sarah  I., 
Eva  May  and  James  B.,  Jr.  ;  he  lived  in 
Ohio  twenty-two  years ;  he  then  came  to 
Illinois  and  settled  in  Marshall  Co.,  en- 
gaging in  farming,  and  remaining  until 
1861,  when  he  came  to  Livinirston  Co.  and 
settled  on  his  present  place.  He  has  been 
School  Director  a  number  of  years,  also 
Assessor  ;  he  had  no  capital  on  starting  ; 
he  now  owns  222  acres  in  this  township, 
which  he  has  principally  earned  by  his 
own  labor  and  management. 

ANDREW  RAUB,  farming,  Sec.  20  ; 
P.  O.  Dana ;  was  born  in  Oxford  Co.,  N. 
J.,  Feb.  12,  1823.  He  married  Miss  Dolly 
Ann  Hawley,  Jan.  15, 1849  ;  she  was  born 
in  Cortland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  16,  1824; 
they  had  five  children,  three  living — George 
B.,  David  L.  and  Marion  F.  ;  he  left  New 
Jersey  when  quite  young,  and  went  to  New 
York  with  his  parents,  remaining  there 
until  1862,  when  he  came  West  and  set- 
tled on  his  present  place  ;  previous  to  com- 
ing here,  he  had  been  two  years  in  Califor- 
nia ;  he  came  West  in  poor  circumstances  ; 


he  owns  120  acres,  which  he  has  earned 
principally  by  his  own  labor  and  manage- 
ment. 

A.  J.  ROBERTS,  farming.  Sec.  26  ;  P. 
0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Columbia  Co., 
N.  Y.,'May  4,  1827.  He  married  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  Wetmore,  formerly  Miss  Parks, 
April  28,  1859;  she  was  born  in  Lewis  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Sept.  21,  1818.  He  lived  in  New 
York  about  ten  years,  when  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  Dupage 
Co.,  where  he  remained  nineteen  years,  and 
in  1850  he  went  to  California  by  team,  his 
object  being  mining,  which  he  followed  one 
year  with  moderate  success ;  in  1855,  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  in  Long 
Point  Tp.,  on  present  place,  in  1857  ;  he 
has  held  offices  connected  with  the  school 
and  road,  also  Justice  of  the  Peace ;  he 
commenced  in  very  poor  circumstances  ;  he 
now  owns  200  acres,  which  he  has  earned 
by  his  own  labor. 

E.  L.  STRATTON,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  8 ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in 
Richmond,  (lately  Mansfield,)  Tioga  Co., 
Penn.,  Jan.  12,  1826.  He  married  Miss 
Sarah  A.  Miller,  Jan.  17,  1856  ;  she  was 
born  in  Smithfield,  Bradford  Co.,  Penn. ; 
they  had  six  children,  four  living — Hattie, 
Burt  C,  Carl  and  Ray  ;  he  lived  in  Penn- 
sylvania about  twenty-two  years  ;  he  re- 
ceived a  common  school  education  and  was 
engaged  in  lumbering ;  he  then  came  to 
Illinois  and  stopped  at  Peru,  La  Salle  Co., 
and  in  1848  he  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
and  made  his  home  at  Long  Point,  and 
engaged  in  farming  on  his  present  place, 
which  was  pre-empted  in  1850.  He  has 
held  the  offices  of  Collector,  Assessor, 
Road  Commissioner  and  Supervisor,  the 
latter  for  six  years  ;  he  came  West  without 
any  capital,  having  $1.50  on  landing  at 
Peru;  he  owns  320  acres,  and  is  largely 
interested  in  stock,  all  of  which  he  has 
earned  by  his  own  management. 

SAMUEL  SILLIK,  forming  and  stock. 
Sec.    8  ;    P.    0.   Long    Point ;    was  born 
Washington  Co.,  Penn.,  July  4. 1817.  He 
married  Miss  Esther  Miller,  Aug.  7,  1843 
She  was  born  in  Washington  Co.,  Penn. 
Sept.  17,  1823;  they  had  eight  children 
seven    living — Sarah   E.,    David  A.,  Cor- 
nelia M.,  Mary  E.,  George  F.,  Aletha  J. 
and    Luella.     He    lived    in    Pennsylvania 
twelve  years,  and  then  moved  to  Clinton 
Co.,     Ohio,    and    followed   farming   until 


LONG  POINT  TOWNSHIP. 


725 


1849,  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settled  on  his  present  place ;  he  has 
lived  here  since,  except  two  years  in  Mis- 
souri, and  one  in  Christian  Co.  He  has 
held  no  office  except  connected  with  the 
church  and  school.  He  pre-empted  IGO 
acres  durinj^  Fillmore's  administration  ;  he 
came  here  in  poor  circumstances,'  and  now 
owns  175  acres  in  this  county,  and  ItiO 
acres  in  Kansas ;  he  was  instrumental  in 
securing  the  present  route  of  the  C.,  P.  & 
S.  W.  R.  R.,  and  he  individually  secured  the 
location  of  the  present  station  of  Long 
Point,  giving  the  company  forty  acres,  he 
Belling  other  land  he  owned  here  for  village 
lots. 

ANDRO  SAEMISCH, farming,  Sec.  1 1 ; 
P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was  born  in  Magde- 
liurg  Prussia,  April  17,  1805.  He  mar- 
ried Miss  Julia  Rice,  June  29,  1833 ;  she 
was  born  in  Magdeburg,  Prussia,  Jan.  29, 
1816  ;  they  had  twelve  children,  seven  liv- 
ing— Louisa  F.,  Frederick  A.,  Henry  A  , 
Mary  A,,  Robert  G.,  Julia  A.  and  Andrew 
M.  He  lived  in  Prussia  until  1852,  work- 
ing at  his  trade  of  coopering ;  he  then  came 
to  the  United  States,  and  settled  in  La 
Salle  Co. ;  he  lived  there  six  months,  and 
in  1853  come  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  set- 
tled on  his  present  place ;  he  came  here  in 
fair  circumstances ;  he  now  owns  230  acres, 
which  he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor  ;  he 
brought  a  piano  here  from  Germany,  and  it 
was  the  first  piano  brought  to  this  county  ; 
they  had  no  provision  for  taxing  the  same. 

THEODORE  STEPHENSON,  farm- 
ing, Sec.  36  ;  P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in 
Mason  Co.,  West  Va.,  March  21,  1821. 
He  married  Miss  Catheron  Powell,  Sept.  4, 
1842  ;  she  was  born  in  Albemarle  Co.,  Va., 
March  26,  1824;  they  have  had  twelve 
children,  eight  living — John  E.,  Albert  C, 
James  H ,  Lydia,  Sarah  E.,  Eva  C, 
Nanc}'  B.,  and  A^irginia  A.  He  lived 
in  Virginia  until  1852,  when  he  removed 
to  Indiana,  where  he  remained  one 
year ;  he  then  moved  to  Knox  Co., 
111.,  and  then  to  Peoria,  then  to  Marshall, 
and  then  to  Livingston  Co.,  settling  on  his 
present  place  in  1867;  he  started  in  vgry 
poor  circumstances;  he  now  owns  160 
acres,  which  he  has  earned  by  his  own  la- 
bor ;  he  has  always  carried  on  farming. 

M.  L.  STRATTON,  farm  and  stock, 
Section  24 ;  P.  0.  Long  Point ;  was 
born  in  Tioga  Co.,  Penn.,  June  20,  1824. 


He  married  Miss  E.  V.  Miller,  June  24, 
1858 ;  she  was  born  in  Bradford  Co., 
Penn.,  Aug.  25,  1834;  they  had  nine  chil- 
dren, eight  living — Susan,  Dighton,  Ralph, 
Celia,  Hugh,  Flora,  Edwin  and  Child.  He 
lived  in  Pennsylvania  until  1853,  during 
which  time  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and 
lumbering ;  he  then  came  to  IHinois,  and 
settled  in  Long  Point  Tp.  ;  he  had  visited 
here  as  early  as  1851  ;  he  settled  on  his 
present  place  in  1857  ;  he  started  in  poor 
circumstances  ;  he  now  owns  200  acres  in 
this  township,  and  10  acres  in  Amity, 
which  he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor ;  he 
is  largely  interested  in  stock  raising,  which 
he  runs  to  fine  breeds. 

A.  M.  TAGGART,  grain  buyer,  Long 
Point;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  1,  1838.  He 
married  Miss  Maggie  M.  Barnett  Sept.  1, 
1875;  she  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He 
lived  in  Ohio  until  1860,  being  engaged 
on  his  father's  farm  ;  he  then  came  West 
and  settled  in  Marshall  Co.,  engaging  in 
farming  ;  he  also  acted  as  Deputy  Sheriff 
two  years,  and  remained  there  until  1872, 
when  he  came  to  Long  Point  and  engaged 
in  his  present  business — handling  grain 
several  months  without  any  buildings  ;  he 
now  uses  two  elevators,  and  has  handled 
as  high  as  200,000  bushels  per  year.  In 
the  Spring  of  1877,  he  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace. 

LEONARD  WETZ,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  6  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point  ;  was  born  in 
Germany  about  1836.  He  married  Miss 
Matilda  Reed  Sept.  24,  1864;  she  was 
born  in  Ohio,  and  died  Oct.  29,  1875  . 
they  had  four  children — Ella  Jane,  Rose 
Ada,  Joseph  F.  and  Leonard  ;  his  second 
wife  was  Miss  Amanda  J.  Osborn  ;  they 
were  married  June  28, 1877  ;  she  was  born 
in  Illinois.  He  lived  in  Germany  about 
six  years,  then  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  New  Or- 
leans ;  remained  there  one  year,  then  came 
to  Pekin,  111.;  remained  here  one  year, 
then  went  to  Henry,  in  Marshall  Co.,  re 
maining  there  until  1869,  when  he  came 
to  his  present  place.  He  started  without 
any  means ;  he  noAV  owns  480  acres,  which 
he  has  earned  by  his  own  labor. 

0.  B.  WHEELER,  farm  and  stock, 
Sec.  10 ;  P.  0.  Lone  Point ;  was  born  in 
Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.',  Jan.  23,  1820.  He 
married    Miss   Eleanor  Campbell,  Dec.  7, 


726 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


1848  ;  she  was  born  in  Newark,  Ohio, 
Oct.  30,  1828  ;  they  had  nine  children, 
seven  living — Mary  J.,  Thomas  H.,  Julia,  ' 
Emma,  George  W.,  Francis  C.  and  0.  B., 
Jr.  When  about  one  year  old,  his  mother 
moved  to  Massachusetts,  his  father  having 
died ;  here  he  lived  about  fifteen  years ; 
he  then  went  to  New  York  and  followed 
stage  driving  up  to  1841  ;  his  education 
has  been  acquired  Ijy  his  contact  with  the 
world,  his  school  days  being  very  limited  ; 
in  September,  1841,  he  came  West  and 
settled  in  Long  Point  Tp. ;  he  was  in 
very  poor  circumstances ;  his  first  tax  was 
37  cts.,  and  in  1876,  he  paid  upward  of 
$700;  he  owns  1,005  acres  of  land;  he 
also  owns  the  Oriental  Building  in  Streator,  j 
besides  other  property.  He  has  hauled  | 
wheat  to  Chicago  by  oxen  and  sold  same 
for  45  cents  per  bushel.  His  building  in 
Streator  (the  Oriental )  was  burned  in 
1874,  causing  him  a  loss  of  fll,00tl;  it 
was  rebuilt  the  same  season. 

FERDINAND  WERNER,  farm  and 
stock.  Sec.  11  ;  P.  0.  Long  Point;  was 
born  in  Germany  April  27,  1H42.  He 
married  Miss  Catheron  George  Jan.  21, 
1869  ;  she  was  born  in  Germany  April  12, 
1847;  they  had  four  children,  three  living 
— Bertha  W.,  Henrietta  C.  and  Harmon 
0.  He  lived  in  Germany  four  years,  when 
with  his  parents  he  came  to  the  LTnited 
States,  and  they  settled  on  the  present 
place  ;  this  was  in  1846,  they  being  among 
the    early  settlers  of  this   township ;    his 


father  died  in  1866  ;  his  mother  lives  in 
Reading  Tp.  He  has  lived  here  since 
their  first  settlement ;  he  is  no  ofiice 
seeker ;  his  only  ofiice  being  connected 
with  the  roads.  He  owns  240  acras, 
and  is  largely  interested  in  raising  stock, 
which  he  aims  to  have  of  fine  breed. 

THOMAS  WRAY,  farming.  Sec.  29  ; 
P.  0.  Dana ;  was  born  in  Carlisle,  Eng., 
Aug.  19j  1821.  He  married  Miss  Jane 
Dykes,  Dec.  14,  1848  ;  she  was  born  in 
England,  and  died  Dec.  23,  1866 ;  they 
had  eight  children,  seven  living — George 
L.,  John  W.,  Lewis  T.,  James  M.,  Robert 
L.,  Sarah  C.  and  Mary  F. ;  his  present 
wife  was  Mrs.  Beanier  (formerly  Miss 
Emily  Chapin)  ;  they  were  married  Oct. 
1, 1867  ;  she  was  born  in  Steuben  Co.,N. 
Y.,  Feb.  10,  1833;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren— Dolly  E.,  Burton  L.  and  Arthur  B.; 
Mrs.  Wray  has  six  children  living  by 
former  marriage — Eva  J.,  Harriet  E., 
Jason  W,,  Jane  L.,  Lewis  L.  and  Sherman. 
He  lived  two  years  in  England,  when  ^yith 
his  parents  he  came  to  the  United  States 
and  located  in  Philadelphia,  remaining 
eleven  years;  then  to  W^ashington  Co., 
Penn.,  remaining  three  years ;  then  to 
Putnam  Co.,  111.,  where  his  mother  died , 
remained  two  years,  then  went  to  La  Salle 
Co.,  remaining  five  years,  where  his  father 
died  ;  and  in  1857,  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  settled  on  his  present  place.  He 
started  in  poor  circumstances,  and  now  owns 
120  acres  in  this  township. 


ESMEN    TOWNSHIP. 


JOHN  ALLEN,  farmer;  P.  0.  Rowe  ; 
was  born  in  Noble  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  18, 
1840 ;  came  to  this  State  in  1874  and  set- 
tled in  Esmen,  Livingston  Co.,  where  he 
now  resides.  He  was  married  Jan.  13, 
1859,  to  Miss  Mary  E.  Ruby,  who  was 
born  in  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  July  24,  1842  ; 
they  have  had  eight  children,  six  of  whom 
are  living — William  W.,  Julia  A.,  Annie 
J.,  Henry  R.,  Clifi"e  0.  and  George  F.  ; 
deceased,  Harriet  Ann  and  Leoiza  R.  Mr. 
Allen  was  a  volunteer  in  the  late  war ;  he 
enlisted  in  the  92d  O.  V.  I.  ;  served 
eighteen  months. 


WILLIAM  BRUNSKILL,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in 
Westmoreland  Co.,  England,  June  15, 
1826  ;  came  to  this  country  in  1854.  Was 
married  April  1,  1860,  to  Miss  Susan  Ross, 
who  was  born  in  Ross  Co.,  Ohio,  May  19, 
1833  ;  they  have  had  nine  children — Eliz- 
abeth, Robert,  George,  William,  Martha 
Susan,  Ellen,  Byron,  Roseannetta  and  Ar- 
thur. Mr.  Brunskill  has  followed  the  pur- 
suits of  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  from 
early  boyhood,  and  now  owns  207  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $10,000.  Has  held  a 
number  of  public   ofiices.     The  farm  he 


ESMEN  TOWNSHIP. 


727 


now  owns  is  a  portion  of  the  west  half  of 
8<x.  14.  Mr.  B.  waa  formerly  a  soldier  in 
the  Queen's  Grenadier  Guards,  England, 
for  five  years. 

.  NELSON  A.  BEMIS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell  ;  was  born  in  Chenan- 
pi  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  9,  1840  ;  wa«  em- 
ployed with  his  father  until  he  was  about 
eighteen  years  old,  in  one  of  the  old  eastern 
saw-mills ;  he  afterward  became  an  appren- 
tice in  a  foundry;  served  two  years  and 
then  enlisted  in  the  8th  Conn.  V.  I.; 
served  three  years,  and  was  discharged  witli 
honor.  Was  married  to  Miss  Sarah 
L.  Sheldon  Feb.  16,  1869,  she  was 
born  in  Chenango  6?.,  N.  Y.,  June 
29.  1844 ;  they  have  had  three  children — 
Virgil  8.,  John  and  Frank  L.  Mr.  B. 
has  been  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  for 
about  twelve  years,  and  now  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  S8,000.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Town  Clerk  for  eight  i 
vears.  ] 

*  W.  D.  BURTLESS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Cornell;  wa.s  born  in  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  23,  1825  ;  came  to  this  State  in 
1868,  and  settled  in  Esmcn,  where  he  now 
owns  100  acres  of  land.  Was  married  to 
Miss  Hettic  Travcr  Oct.  5,  1852  ;  she  was 
born  in  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  they  have  had 
one  child — Irving,  born  July  29,  1855. 
Mr.  Burtlcss  has  followed  the  pursuits  of 
a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  from  boyhood  ; 
Ins  present  farm  is  valued  at  S8,000. 

A.  N.  BEMIS,  farmer  and  st-ock  raii^cr; 
P,  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Tolland  Co., 
Ojon.,  March  10,  1814;  removed  to  New 
York  State,  where  he  remained  thirty-five 
years,  thence  to  Illinois  in  1868,  settling 
in  Esmcn,  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now 
owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  86,400. 
Was  married  Sept.  9,  1839,  to  Miss  Lu- 
cinda  Backus ;  she  was  born  in  Chenango 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  18,  1818;  they  have 
had  five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living 
— Nelson,  Mary,  Harriet  and  Sarah ;  de- 
ceased— John. 

JUDGE  B.  P.  BABCOCK,  P.  0.  Cay- 
uga  ;  one  of  the  early  and  prominent  set- 
tlers; wax  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y., 
March  29,  1814;  he  received  a  liberal 
education  and  admission  as  attorney  and 
wlicitor  in  the  courts  of  that  State ;  he 
purcha-sed  the  Grove  property,  containing 
900  acres  of  beautiful  rolling  prairie,  in  the 
center  of  which  is  a  Datural  grove  of  100 


acres,  while  through  it  runs  Wolf  Creek;  in 
1848  he  lived  three  years  at  the  county  seat, 
but  otherwise  has  made  his  residence  at  the 
aforementioned    locality.       Of  this  place, 
Isaac  Funk,  the  cattle  prince,  said,  "Very 
few  are  as  well  acquainted  with  all  parts 
of  the  State  as  myself,  and  in   my  opin- 
ion   nature    has    made    this    (Babcock's) 
Grove     and    Elkhart    Grove  the  two  mo8t 
beautiful  places  in   the   State  of  Illinois." 
A    mail    route  from   Wellington   to   Pon- 
tiac,  was  opened  soon  after  his  arrival,  and 
he  got  a  post  office  established  at  the  Grove 
and  wxs  appointed   Postmaster,  for  accom- 
modation of  settlers  on   the  Mazon  ;    his 
nearest  neighbor  on  the  Mazon  was  fifteen 
miles  distant,  more  than  half  the  distance 
to  ^lorris,  and  in  any   other  direction  up- 
ward of  four  miles.     The  Bloomington  and 
Chicago  State  road  running  by  this  place 
was  traveled  by  State  officers  and  merchants 
going  to  Chicago,  and  was  a  great  thorough- 
fare i'or  cattle  drovers  in   Autumn,  several 
thousand   head  being   driven   each    year ; 
Isaac  Funk  received  S60,000  for  his  own 
sales  in  Chicago  at  one  time.     Mr.  B.  was 
elected   County   Judge   in    1852  ;  served 
three  years,  and  resigned,  as  he  could  not 
be  absent  as  he  desired  and  expected  to  for 
a  fourth  year  ;  he  with   the  two  Associate 
Justices,  as  County  Conimissioners.built  the 
first  truss  bridge  over  the  Vermilion  River 
at  Pontiac,  and  the  brick   Court  House, 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1874;  both  were  sub- 
stantial improvements,  and  a  much  greater 
undertaking  for  those  long-past  times  than  ■ 
the  iron    bridge   and  the    beautiful  Court 
Hou.sc  of  the  prei?cnt,  for  their  timc5.  The 
name  of  Esmcn  was  proposed  by  the  Judge 
for  the  township,  and  was  adopted  because 
it  was  unique  ;  it  is  a  word  of  Greek  der- 
ivation. 

ALPHONSE  R.  CHACE,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Cayuga ;  was  born  in 
La  Salle  Co.,  III.,  Aug.  22,  1857;  removed 
from  thence  to  Livingston  County  with  his 
father's  family  in  1868.  Mr.  Chace  is  now 
living  at  the  old  homestead  with  his  mother 
and  her  family,  his  father  having  died 
April  11,  1875.  He  wa.s  born  in  Bristol 
Co.,  Mass.,  Sept.  1,  1811.  Married  Miss 
E.  Lewis  March  9,  1842;  they  have  had 
seven  children,  five  of  whom  are  living, 
viz.:  Lewis  P.,  Lucretia  M.,  Herbert  8., 
Alphonse  R.  and  Edward  M. ;  deceased, 
Mary  Ann  and  Ca.ssiu8  E.     Mr.  Alphonse 


728 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES; 


R.  Chace  and  brothera  now  work  tho 
farm,  winch  conaiata  of  300  acres,  valued 
at  S12,000. 

JOHN  C.  CRANDALL,  farmer  and 
Btock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  wiis  born  in 
Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1813; 
came  to  this  State  in  1856  and  settled  in 
L:i  Salle  County  ;  removed  from  there  to 
Livinjrston  in  1875,  and  .settled  in  Esmen 
Township,  where  he  now  own.i  200  acres, 
valued  at  88,000.  Was  married  Dec.  17, 
1842,  to  Miss  Mury  H.  Rhodes;  she  was 
born  in  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  3, 
1821  ;  they  have  had  one  child,  viz. :  Mary  | 
Francis,  born  May  20,  1852  ;  was  mar-  j 
ried  March  5,  18G7,  to  Mr.  R.  S.  McMil-  j 
Icn  ;  he  was  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  Oct.  | 
2C,  1841 ;  they  have  had  four  children,  j 
viz. :  Mary  H.,  William  J.,  Arthur  S.,  j 
Mabel  F.  Mrs.  McMillen  died  May  13,  , 
1876.  Mr.  M.  is  now  eniiaged  jointly 
with  his  father-in-law  in  farming.  The  | 
latter  has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  : 
■  Peace  four  years. 

A.  W.  CAMP,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  ; 
P.  0.  Odell ;  an  old  resident ;  was  born  in 
New  Haven  Co.,  Conn.,  Dec.  26,  1829  ; 
came  with  his  father's  I'amily  to  the  State 
in  1855,  and  settled  in  Esmen,  in  this 
county.  Was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
Cooke;  she  was  born  in  New  Haven  Co., 
Conn.,  Aug.  10,  1834 ;  they  have  had 
eight  children,  three  of  whom  are  living, 
viz. :  George  A.,  Henry  and  Royal ;  de- 
'  ceased — an  infant,.  Emily,  Edward,  Tutie 
and  Bennie.  Mr.  Camp  has  been  princi- 
pally engaged  in  farming  since  his  location 
in  the  AVest;  he  now  works  160  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  §8,000.  Has  held  office  of 
Constable  eight  years ;  is  at  present  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  in  Esmen  Township. 

JEREMIAH  COLLINS,  farmer  and 
Btock  raiser ;  P.  0.  Cayuga ;  an  early  sot- 
tier;  was  born  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  June 
22,  1831  ;  removed  to  Michigan  with  his 
father's  family  in  1835,  and  from  there  to 
Illinois  in  1838,  settling  in  Ottawa,  La 
Salle  County,  where  he  was  married  Dec. 
9,  1855,  to  Miss  Eliza  Turner;  she  was 
born  in  Leeds,  England,  Jan.  6,  1835  ; 
they  have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom 
are  living,  viz.  :  George  D.,  Wm.  E., 
Martha  J.,  Charles  J.  and  Warren  R. ; 
decea.sed,  two  infants.  Mrs.  Elizii  Collins 
died  Feb.  6,  1872.  Mr.  C.  removed  with 
Lis  family  to   Esmen,  Livingston   County, 


in  1872.  Was  married  again  Oct.  20» 
1872,  to  Miss  Rachael  Wilkerson,  who 
was  born  in  Kentucky  March  21.  1854; 
Taey  have  had  two  children,  viz. :  Mary 
and  Grace  May.  Mr.  C.  now  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,600.  lla.i 
held  public  offices  of  different  kinds  for 
several  years. 

MRS.  GEORGE  DUNBAR,  farming 
and  stock  raiser;  P.  0.  Cornell;  was  born  in 
County  Limerick,  Ireland,  Aug.  3,  1832  ; 
is  the  widow  of  the  late  George  Dunbar, 
who  was  born  in  Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct. 
25,  1815  ;  he  died  April  7,  j877.  They 
were  married  April  15,  1851,  and  have 
had  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  living — 
Mary  E.,  George  W.,  Clara  Z.,  Alburtus 
M.  and  Stephen  D. ;  deceased — Frank  B. 
^Irs.  D.  continues  the  business  in  which 
her  husband  was  engaged,  it  being  that  of 
a  farmer  and  stock  raiser;  she  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $6,000. 

SIMKONDUNHAM,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser;     P.   0.   Rowe ;    one    of  our  early 
settlers  ;  was  born  in  Hartford  Co.,  Conn., 
May  28,    1810;    came  to  this   State   in 
1857,  and  settled  in  Esmen,  where  he  now 
resides   and    owns  160    acres,    valued   at 
$6,000.     He  was  married  to  Miss  Annis 
W.  Curtiss  Oct.  4,  1860 ;  she  was  born  in 
Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  May  15,  1833;  they 
have  had  two  children,  viz. :  Grace  A.,  born 
Oct.  10,1872;  Jason  C.,born  May  29,1874. 
Mr.  Dunham   was  previously  married   to 
:   Miss  Diaotha  M.    Alden  (now   deceased)  ; 
I  they  have  had  six  children,  four  of  whom  are  . 
;  living,  viz. :  Eugene  H.,  Herecy,   Charles 
!  L.  and  Hiram    A.;  deceased — Casper  A. 
I  and  Albertus  A.    Albertus  A.  and  Charles 
i  L.  were  both  soldiers  in  the  late  war.    "^he 
I  former  died  from  its  effects   at   Fountain 
I   Head,  Tenn.,  Jan.   7,    1863.     Charles  L. 
;  served    three   years   and    was  discharged 
I  with  honor  at  close  of  war. 
!       JOHN    FITZGERALD,    farmer  and. 
i  stock  raiser  ;  P.  0.  Rowe;  one  of  our  early 
\  settlers ;  was  born  in    County    Limerick, 
I  Ireland,   June   24,     1814;  came    to  this 
!  country     in    1846     and   settled     in  New 
I  York    State;  he  removed   from  there  to 
i  Illinois  in  1848  and  settled  in  LaSalle  Co., " 
I  where  he  remained  until  1858  ;  from  there 
I  he  removed    to   Esmen,    Livingston    Co.,- 
i  where  he   noW  resides.      He  w«8  married^ 
I  to  Miss  Ellen  Whalen,  whowas  bom  m . ' 
i  Wexford   Co.,  Ireland,  D..^.    15,     1827  ;> 


I 


ESAIEN   TOWNSHIP. 


729- 


they  have  had  eitiht  children,  six  of  whom 
are  still  living,  viz.  :  Marj'  Ann,  Edward, 
Bridget,  Ellen,  Nora  and  John  ;  deceased — 
Michael  John  and  Ellen.  Mr.  F.  pur- 
chased the  farm  he  now  own.^  which 
contains  liJO  acres,  since  his  first  settle- 
ment in  the  county  ;  its  probable  value  at 
present  is  §7,000. 

JOSEPH  FINLEY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  O.  Pontiac  ;  one  of  the  early  set- 
tlers ;  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct. 
16,  18H0;  came  to  this  State  in  Sept., 
1831),  and  settled  in  the  northern  part,  re- 
moving south  to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1853, 
where  he  now  owns  5G0  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  §28,000.  He  was  married  A.pril 
18,  1855,  to  Miss  Mary  J.  Cambell ;  she 
was  born  in  Marion  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  10, 
1833  ;  they  have  had  sis  children,  three 
of  whom  are  living — Robert  P.,  Sarah  E. 
and  Jennie  P.  ;  deceased — Geo.  R.,  Alice 
and  Mary  Catherine. 

PHILIP  HENDERSHOT,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  O.  Rowe ;  was  born  in 
Logan  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  18,  1845;  came 
to  this  State  in  1800  and  settled  in  Taze- 
well Co. ;  he  moved  from  there  to  Livings- 
ton Co.  and  Esmen  Tp.,  in  1864,  where 
he  now  resides.  He  was  married  July 
31,  1870,  to  Miss  Catherine  Yanasdall  ; 
she  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn., 
June  26,  1849  ;  they  have  had  six  chil- 
dren— Asa,  Melvurn,  John,  Hathala,  Al- 
van,  Welton  and  Lutie  May, ;  deceased — 
Alva.  Mr.  H.  was  a  volunteer  in  the  late 
war;  he  enlisted  in  the  138th  111.  Inf  ; 
served  six  months  and  re-enlisted  in  the 
20th  Illinois  ;  served  one  year  and  was  dis- 
charged with  honor  at  the  close  of  the 
war.  He  then  enlisted  for  the  third  time 
in  the  U.  S. Regular  Army,  and  there  served 
three  years,  two  in  Northern  Minnesota, 
and  one  in  Texas. 

DANIEL  MACKINSON,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P,  0.  Cayuga  ;  was  born  in 
Derbyshire  Co.,  Eng.,  Feb,  2,  1829  ;  came 
to  this  country  in  1857  ;  owns  320  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $16,000,  Was  married  to 
Miss  Sarah  Fulton  Oct.  15,1863;  she  was 
born  in  Barrackshire  Co.,  Scotland,  Dec. 
26,  1842;  they  have  had  six  children — 
Mary,  born  Aug.  l5,  1864  ;  Belle,  born 
March  31,  1866;  George,  born  Dec.  9, 
1868  ;  Frank,  born  March  14, 1870;  John, 
born  July  12,  1872;  James,  born  April 


boyhood,  and  now  owns  one   of  the  finest 

farms  in  Esmen  Tp. 

P.  F.  McDonald,  farmer  and  stock 

raiser  ;  P.  0.  Cornell ;  was  born  in  Taylor 
Co.,  W.  Va.,  May  12,  1825  ;  came  to  this 
State  and  county  in  1865,  and  settled  in 
Esmen  Tp.  Was  married  April  13,  1848, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Hustead ;  she  was  born 
in  Taylor  Co.,  W.  Va.,  Feb.  16,  1827; 
have  had  seven  children,  six  of  whom  are 
living — Thaddeus  S.,  Claudius  C,  Ai  G., 
Lorreto,  Ella  M.  and  Nevada  ;  deceased — 
Sabra  H.  Mr.  M.  has  followed  the  pur- 
suits of  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser  from 
boyhood  ;  he  now  owns  425  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  817,()00.  Has  held  ofiice  of 
Assessor  in  Esmen  Tp.   three  terms. 

JOSEPH  MACKISON,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Cayuga  ;  was  born  in  Derbyshire,  Eng., 
May  11,  1822;  came  to  this  country  in 
1864,  and  settled  in  Esmen,  Livingston 
Co.,  where  he  now  resides;  he  has  under 
cultivation  on  his  farm  160  acres  of  beau- 
tiful rolling  prairie,  valued  at  $7,000.  He 
was  married  June  14,  1854,  lo  Miss  Maria 
Japson  ;  she  was  born  in  Derbyshire,  Eng., 
Aug.  29,  1824  ;  they  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, four  of  whoQi  are  living — Oliver, 
Walter,  Mary  H.  and  William  ;  deceased 
— Henrietta,  Emma  and  Daniel  J. 

N.  L.  POST,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  ; 
P.  0.  Cornell  ;  one  of  the  early  settlers  in 
Livingston  Co. ;  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  came  to  this  State  in  1849, 
traveling  through  the  northern  part,  and 
finally  settled  in  Esmen,  where  he  now 
owns  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $9,600. 
Was  married  Feb.  8,  1854,  to  Miss  Chloe 

.  Palmer ;  she  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  Co., 
N.  Y^,  Dec.  24,  1825  ;  they  have  had  two 
children,  viz.  :  Zina  E.  and  Zara  N.  His 
present  farm,  parts  of  Sections  17  and  8,  i.s 
one  of  the  best  imiiroved  in  F]smen  Tp. 

j  ELI  W.  PEARSON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Cayuga ;  was  born  in  Miami 
Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  10,  1836  ;  came  to  this 
State  in  November,   1855,  and  settled  in 

i  Livingston  Co.  Was  married  Oct,  28, 
1858,"  to  Miss   Rachel  Sheafer;   she  was 

I  born  in  Lancaster  Co,,  Penn.,  Jan.  6,  1837  ; 
they  have  had  six  children,  viz.  :     Rachel, 
10,  1859  ;  A.  Lincoln,  March 
Arthur   i-..,  March  22,  1863; 
Feb.  11,  1865;  Annie  M.,  Aug. 
;  Ida  0.,  Feb.  2,  1874.     Mr.  P. 


born  Sept. 
4,  1861; 
Sarah  E., 
22.  1867 


4,  1874.     Mr.  M.  has  been  a  farmer  from   '  has  constantly  followed  the  pursuits  of  a 


730 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


farmer  and  stock  raiser,  and  now  owns  240 
acres,  valued  at  $12,000.  Is  at  present 
holding  offices  of  Supervisor  and  Township 
Treasurer  in  Esmen  Tp. 

GEORGE  W.  PILKINGTON,  farmer 
and  stock  raiser  ;  P.  0.  Cayuga  ;  one  of  the 
early  settlers ;  was  born  in  Adams  Co., 
Penn.,  Feb.  3,  1817  ;  came  to  this  State 
in  1843  and  settled  in  Sangamon  Co.  ;  re- 
moved from  thence  to  La  Salle  Co.  in 
1848  ;  thence  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1861. 
Has  followed  the  occupation  of  a  farmer 
and  stock  raiser  from  boyhood,  and  now 
owns  100  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,000. 
Was  married  March  3,  1842,  to  Miss  Mar- 
tha Cary  ;  she  was  born  in  Butler  Co., 
Ohio,  July  21,  1817  ;  they  have  had  six 
children,  two  of  whom  are  living,  viz.  : 
George  W.  and  Lyman  D.  ;  deceased — 
William  W.,  John  M.,  Joseph  and  Abby. 
Mr.  P.  has  been  a  resident  in  this  State  for 
over  thirty -five  years  ;  he  remembers  when 
this  entire  farming  country  was  a  vast 
prairie ;  the  Indians  had  not  entirely  left 
on  his  arrival,  there  being  a  few  wandering 
squads  of  them  still  remaining,  who  were 
principally  of  Shabbona's  tribe  and  the 
Ottawas  ;  he  also  says  that  on  his  arrival 
here  there  was  only  one  railroad  in  the 
State;  it  was  then  called  the  S.  &  M.  R. 
W.  Mr.  P.  is  comparatively  a  young  man 
yet,  and  is  one  of  the  most  active  and  in- 
dustrious in  this  vicinity. 

D.  D.  QUINT,  farmer  and  stock  raiser; 
P.  0.  Odell.  One  of  the  early  settlers  of 
this  State ;  was  born  in  Somerset  Co., 
Maine,  Feb.  3,  1815  ;  came  to  Illinois  in 
1840,  and  settled  in  Bureau  Co. ;  removed 
from  there  to  De  Kalb  Co.  in  1842  ; 
remained  there  twenty-one  years,  where  he 
kept  a  hotel.  At  that  time  Chicago  was 
their  market,  there  not  being  a  railroad  in 
the  State.  He  was  well  acquainted  with 
Shabbona  and  his  tribe,  with  whom  he  was 
on  very  intimate  terms.  He  was  married 
April  3,  1836,  to  Miss  Sarah  A.  Milky  ;  she 
was  born  in  Lincoln  Co.,  Maine,  Sept.  3, 
1813  ;  emigrated  to  this  State  in  their  own 
traveling  vehicles  with  her  husband  and 
family  ;  they  have  had  three  children — 
Olive  A.  (now  Mrs.  George  Clark  and 
deceased),  Mary  E,  and  an  infant.  Mr. 
Q.  has  been  a  farmer  and  stock  raiser 
from  boyhood  in  connection  with  other 
business  in  which  he  has  been  engaged. 
He   now  owns   130   acres    of    land,  aside 


from  some  city  property  in  Odell,  valued  at 
$6,500. 

JAMES  RUSTON,  farmer;  P.  0.  Rowe; 
one  of  our  early  settlers  ;  was  born  in 
Cambridgeshire,  England,  May  27,  1829 ; 
came  to  this  country  in  1835.  He  was 
married  to  Miss  Margaret  Kirkpairick ; 
she  was  born  in  Evansville,  Indiana,  Sept. 
13,  1837  ;  they  have  had  ten  children,  six 
of  whom  are  living — Alice,  Fletcher,  Mat- 
tie    B.,  Delinzo,  Edith    and ; 

deceased,  Mary  E.,  Ann  Eliza,  Francis 
A.  and  James.  Mr.  R.  was  a  soldier  in 
the  late  war ;  he  enlisted  in  the  1 29th  I.  V. 
I.  ;  served  nearly  three  years,  and  was  dis- 
charged with  honor  at  the  end  of  the  war. 
AARON  ROSS,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Odell ; 
an  early  settler ;  was  born  in  Allen  Co., 
Ohio,  Sept.  20,  1836  ;  came  to  this  State 
in  1852,  and  to  this  county  in  1853,  and 
settled  in  Esmen,  where  he  now  resides. 
He  is  one  of  nine  heirs  to  240  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $10,000.  He  was  married 
Sept.  28, 1866,  to  Miss  Martha  J.  Gossard, 
who  was  born  in  Allen  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  15, 
1845;  they  have  had  six  children,  three 
of  whom  are  living — Elizabeth  E.,  Nora 
A.  and  Rachael  V. ;  deceased,  two  infanta 
and  Luella  J.  Mr.  Ross  was  a  soldier  in 
the  late  war,  having  enlisted  in  the  129th 
I.  V.  L,  and  receiving  severe  injuries  while 
there  ;  he  was  a  participant  in  the  battles 
of  Resaca  and  Kenesaw,  and  altogether  was 
in  about  fifteen  battles  ;  he  served  nearly 
three  years,  and  was  discharged  with  honor 
at  the  end  of  the  war,  June  19,  1865. 

JOSEPH  ROSS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Auglaize 
Co.,  Ohio,  March  31,  1842  ;  came  to  this 
State  with  his  father's  family  in  1852, 
and  settled  in  La  Salle;  removed  from 
there  to  Esmen,  Livingston  Co.,  in  1853, 
where  he  now  resides.  Is  one  of  nineheira 
to  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $9,600. 
Was  married  April  2'A,  1877,  to  Miss  Mary 
Ross ;  she  was  born  in  Ross  Co.,  Ohio, 
Oct.  4,  1847  ;  they  have  one  child— 
Addie  B.,  born  Dec.  6,  1876.  Mr.  R.  is 
at  present  School  Director  in  his  own  town- 
ship. 

H.  D.  ROBERTS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Cayuga ;  one  of  the  early 
settlers  ;  was  born  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y., 
May  8, 1831  ;  came  to  this  State  in  1837, 
and  settled  in  Dupage  Co.;  removing 
thence  to  Livingston  Co..  in  1857.      Was 


AVOCA   TOWNSHIP. 


731 


married  Jan.  19,  1800,  to  Miss  Abigail  J. 
Bowers  ;  she  was  born  in  Meigs  Co.,  Ohio, 
April  3,  18-11,  died  June  3,  1873;  by  her 
he  had  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  liv- 
ing— Abigail  Ij.,  Eva  A.,  Ezra  A.,  Gro- 
vener  H.,  and  William  H. ;  deceased, 
Susan  Henrietta.  Mr.  Roberts  wa.s  mar- 
ried again  June  25,  1875,  to  Miss  Mary 
Perry ;  she  was  born  in  Litchfield  Co., 
Conn.,  Oct.  25,  1832.  Mr.  R.  has  held 
a  number  of  public  oflBces  in  his  own  town- 
ship. Owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  §3,200. 

ROBERT  SUMMERVILLE,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Cayuga ;  was  bora  in  Warrington 
Co.,  N.  C,  Nov.  15,  1827  ;  came  to  this 
State  in  1862.  Was  married  June  1, 
1845,  to  Miss  Esther  Collins  ;  she  was 
born  in  Grand ville  Co.,  N.  C.,  May  2, 
1828 ;  they  have  had  eleven  children, 
nine  of  whom  are  living — William,  Rob- 
ert, James,  Joseph,  Grantison,  Willis, 
Gracie,  Martha  and  John  ;  deceased,  Louis 
and  Ann  Eliza.  Mr.  S.  was  born  a  slave 
in  the  South ;  obtained  his  freedom  in 
1862,  when  he  came  to  'this  State  and  en- 
gaged in  farming,  and  he  now  owns  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $6,400. 

C.  W.  STERRY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Rowe ;  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Me.,  Aug.  12,  1826  ;  came  to  this 
State  in  1852,  and  settled  in  Chicago, 
where  he  remained  five  years  ;  removed 
thence  to  Esmen,  Livingston  Co.,  in  1857. 
Was  married  Sept.  21, 1847,  to  Miss  Eliz- 
abeth Day ;  she  was  born  in  Maine  ;  they 
had  three  children,  all  deceased ;  Mrs. 
Sterry  died  March  25,  1855.  Mr.  Sterry 
married  again  Nov.  25,  1858,  to  Miss 
Amanda  Hadiey ;  by  her  he  had  one  child, 
now  deceased;  Mrs.  S.  died  June  9, 1859. 


Mr.  S.  is  now  married  to  his  third  wife, 
who  was  Miss  Mary  C.  Ross  ;  by  her  he 
has  had  six  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living — Eliza,  John,  Mary  and  Jessie; 
deceased,  Ilattie  and  Josephine.  Mr. 
Sterry  has  continued  the  business  of  a 
farmer  and  stock  raiser  since  his  arrival 
in  this  county ;  he  now  owns  248  acres  of 
land  valued  at  $10,000.  Has  held  office 
of  Town  Clerk  six  years.  Supervisor  three 
years  and  Town  Treasurer  six  years. 

J.  W.  TURNER,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Cor- 
nell ;  one  of  our  early  settlers  ;  was  born 
in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  April  7, 1829  ;  came 
to  this  State  in  1851,  and  settled  in  New- 
town ;  removed  from  there  to  Esmen  in 
1856.  Was  married  Feb.  14,  1851.  to 
Miss  Lucinda  J.  Songer ;  she  was  born  in 
Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  March  31, 1834;  they 
have  had  nine  childi-en,  five  of  whom  are 
living — Leander  F.,  Emily  J.,  Almina, 
John  W.  and  Andy ;  deceased  Rosetta 
and  three  infants.  Mr.  Turner  has  been  a 
farmer  and  stock  raiser  from  boyhood,  and 
he  now  owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$8,000. 

OLA  TJOMSLAND,  Pastor  of  Luth- 
eran Church  ;  P.  0.  Rowe  ;  was  born  in 
Norway  March  13,  1836 ;  came  to  this 
cotmtry  in  1872,  and  settled  in  La  Salle 
Co. ;  he  removed  from  there  to  Esmen, 
Livingston  Co.,  in  1874.  He  was  married 
to  Miss  Anna  Margaretta ;  she  was  burn 
in  Sweden ;  they  have  had  four  children, 
three  of  whom  are  living — Astre,  Anna 
and  Katherina  Mr.  Tjomsland,  previous 
to  his  coming  to  America,  was  a  missionary 
in  South  Africa,  where  he  remained  nearly 
nine  years ;  he  is  really  the  first  settler  in 
the  vicinity  of  Rowe  station,  and  is  at 
present  pastor  of  the  Esmen  Church. 


AVOCA    TOWNSHIP. 


JOHN  BODLEY,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  came  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1852,  and  entered  the  land  com- 
prising his  present  farm,  containing  326 
acres,  finely  improved,  and  valued  at  $50 


year  old  his  parents  removed  to  Fountain 
Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  lived  until  his  removal 
to  Livingston  Co.,  as  above  stated.  He  was 
married  on  the  5th  of  June,  1850  to  Miss 
Mary   A.   Voliva,  of  Fountain  Co.,  Ind. ; 


an  acre  ;  here  he  has  resided  to  the  present  she  was  born  there  Oct.  7, 1833  ;  they  have 
time ;  he  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  |  four  children  living — Thomas,  John,  Will- 
Ohio,  Feb.   9,    1829 ;  when  he  was  but  a  '  iam  and  Maggie  A ;   one  daughter,   Mary 

"8 


732 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


E.,  died  in  September,  1876,  and  Sarah  E. 
in  May  of  the  same  year  ;  Delia  A.  died  in 
August,  1875,  and  one  child,  Eddie,  died 
in  1868.  Mr.  Bodley  served  two  terms  as 
member  of  the  Board  of  Supervisors ;  he 
has  also  been  Commissioner  of  Highways  ' 
some  four  years,  and  School  Director  about 
fifteen  years. 

WM.  N.  COMBS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  34 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  was  born 
in  Sidney,  Kennebec  Co.,  Me.,  Oct.  25, 
1840  ;  he  lived  there  until  he  was  10  years 
of  age,  when  his  father  removed  with  his 
family  to  Bloomington,  111.  ;  about  two 
years  hiter  they  removed  to  Pleasant  Hill,  i 
in  the  same  county,  where  his  father  built 
one  of  the  first  steam  mills  in  that  part  of  i 
McLean  Co.  After  receiving  an  English  i 
education,  Mr.  Combs  engaged  in  teaching  I 
for  several  years.  He  was  married  on  the 
12th  of  January,  1865,  to  Miss  E.  Elliott, 
of  McLean  Co  ;  she  was  born  in  Knox  Co., 
Ohio,  Feb.  8,  1844;  he  removed  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  in  1869,  and  after  following 
the  dry  goods  business  and  dealing  in  stock 
in  Fairbury  for  about  six  years,  settled  on 
his  present  farm  in  1875,  where  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $4,800.  He 
was  elected  Collector  in  the  Spring  of  1878; 
he  also  held  the  same  oflBce  in  McLean  Co. 

MOSES  CHAMPLIN,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  and  dealer  in  grain  ;  P.  0. 
Fairbury  ;  has  been  a  resident  of  Livings- 
ton Co.  since  1860,  having  moved  here 
from  Marshall  Co.,  where  he  had  resided 
for  two  years  previously  ;  he  was  born  in 
Albany  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  23d  of  Decem- 
ber, 1809  ;  when  he  was  about  6  years  of 
age,  his  parents  removed  to  Madison  Co., 
N.  Y.,  and  about  six  years  later  to  Jefier- 
son  Co. ;  there  he  lived  until  he  came  to 
Illinois,  in  1858  ;  he  settled  in  1863  on 
his  present  farm,  on  Sees.  20  and  29,  where 
he  owns  320  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $12,- 
800.  Mr.  Champlin  was  married  in  No- 
vember, 1833,  to  Miss  Tirzah  Stanley,  of 
Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  who  was  born  in 
Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  March,  1810  ;  they  i 
have  six  children — Lewis  C,  Hannah  L.,  | 
Alson  P.,  Henry  C,  Nancy  M.  and  Ella  J. 

ALEXANDER  DeMOSS,  Jr.,  farm- 
er and  stock,  Sec.  10  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury;  is 
a  native  of  Hamilton  Co.,  Ind. ;  he  was 
born  June  6,  1835,  and  was  but  5  years  of 
age  when  his  parents  removed  to  this 
county ;  he  is  the  fourth  son  of  James  De-  ' 


Moss,  Jr.,  who  was  the  oldest  son  of  James 
DeMoss,  Sr. ;  his  father  built  the  first  mill  in 
Pontiac,  and  the  first  court  house  in  Liv- 
ingston Co.  Alexander  DeMoss  was  mar- 
ried to  his  present  wife  in  the  Spring  of 
1873  ;  her  maiden  name  was  Miss  Harriet 
O'Neal ;  she  is  a  native  of  Book's  Creek 
Tp.,  Livingston  Co.  ;  they  have  three  chil- 
dren living — Cora  E.,  Franklin  H.  and 
Ora  A.  He  had  been  married  at  the  age 
of  21  years  to  Miss  Sarah  Sparks,  daugh- 
ter of  Sanford  Sparks,  of  Avoca  Tp.  ;  she 
died  Oct.  24,  1870.  Mr.  DeMoss  owns  a 
farm  of  sixty  acres,  valued  at  $40  an  acre. 

HENRY  J.  DeMOSS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury.  Among  the 
early  settlers  of  Livingston  Co.,  was  James 
DeMoss,  who  came  with  his  family  from 
Indiana  in  1840.  The  family  consisted  of 
four  sons  and  one  daughter,  all  of  whom 
settled  in  the  county.  The  oldest,  James 
DeMoss,  Jr.,  was  the  father  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch ;  he  had  five  children,  of  whom 
Henry  J.  was  next  to  the  oldest ;  he  waii 
born  near  Hillsboro,  Ohio,  June  21,  1830  ; 
when  he  was  2  years  old  his  father  removed 
to  Hamilton  Co. ,  Ind.,  and  thence  to  Livings- 
ton Co.  as  above  stated ;  after  several 
removals  the  family  settled  about  a  mile 
north  of  Avoca.  Mr.  DeMoss  was  mar- 
ried May  1,1852,  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Pope- 
joy,  daughter  of  Nathan  Popejoy,  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  of  the  county.  She  was 
born  in  Dayton,  Ind.,  Sept.  27,  1832; 
they  have  six  children — Levi,  Maggie, 
Theodore  P.,  Edward  W.,  Isadora  and 
Henry  Boyd.  After  his  marriage,  Mr. 
DeMoss  resided  two  years  on  the  place 
where  he  now  lives,  and  then  entered  a 
farm  in  Pleasant  Ridge,  where  he  resided 
until  1874,  when  he  returned  and  pur- 
chased his  present  farm;  he  owns  106 
acres  of  land  finely  improved  and  valued  at 
$50  an  acre.  He  has  served  several  terms 
as  School  Director  and  School  Trustee. 

THOMAS  DeMOSS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  McDowell ;  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Livingston  Co.  ;  came  to  the 
county  when  he  was  but  10  years  of  age; 
he  was  born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov. 
20,  1830  ;  he  is  the  youngest  of  the  four 
brothers — sons  of  James  DeMoss — who 
came  with  their  father  at  the  same  time ; 
they  first  settled  on  the  farm  now  known 
as  the  Snow  farm,  in  Owego  Tp.,  where 
they    lived    seven   years.      Mr.    DeMoss 


AVOCA  TOWNSHIP. 


733 


settled  on  his  present  farm  in  1850  ;  he 
has  100  acres  of  laud  on  See.  3,  valued  at 
S4,000.  He  wa8  married  April  20, 1853, 
to  Miss  Leah  Carson,  a  native  of  Indiana  ; 
she  died  on  the  27th  of  Sept.,  1857,  leav- 
inu-  one  child — Melinda.  Mr.  DeMoss 
was  married  a  .-"ccond  time,  Nov.  29,  18()0, 
to  Miss  Rhoda  J.  Graves,  of  Avoca  Tp. ; 
she  was  born  in  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
July  30,  1841;  they  have  eight  children 
liviuL' — Ida  L.,  Delia  M..  Henrietta,  Olive, 
Mattie,  Thomas,  Wallace  and  infant ;  one 
child,  Dura,  died  Oct.  28,  1872. 

ASA  DeMOSS,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  the  fourth  son  of 
James  DeMoss,  Sr. ;  was  born  in  Hiuhland 
Co.,  Ohio,  June  8,  1822  ;  his  grandfather 
came  oriainally  from  A^irainia,  and  settled 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  River  in  Ohio 
at  a  very  early  day,  and  built  a  fort  there, 
and  lived  there  until  just  at  the  close  of 
the  war  of  1812,  when  he  was  killed  by 
the  Indians.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in 
the  war  of  1812,  and  resided  in  Ohio,  Ken- 
tucky and  Indiana,  coming  to  Livingston 
Co.  in  1840.  Mr.  DeMoss  has  always 
lived  in  this  county  since  that  time.  He 
was  married  Jan.  29,  1853,  to  Miss  Marcie 
R.  Reynolds,  daughter  of  George  T.  Rey- 
nolds, antither  of  the  early  settlers  of  the 
county ;  she  was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio 
on  the  r7th  oi  September,  1832  ;  they 
have  one  daughter  living — Rebecca  A. 
(now  Mrs.  John  Wilson,  of  Avoca  Tp.); 
one  child,  William  N.,  died  when  but  a 
child,  in  185(3.  Mr.  De  Moss  owns  about 
200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $fi,00O.  He 
has  served  one  term  as  School  Trustee  and 
several  terms  as  School  Director. 

WILLIAM  DeISIOSS,  farmer  and  stock 

!  raiser.  Sec.  3  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac;  was  born  in 

;  Highland  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  23d  of  March, 

i  1828;  hisparentsremovedtoRushCo.jInd., 

I  and  thence  to  Hamilton  Co.   in   the  same 

I  State;  in  1840,  the  family   came  to  Liv- 

j  ingston  Co.  ;  he  is  the  fifth  son  of  James' 

DeMoss,  Sen.     He  was  married  Sept.   14, 

1850,  to  Miss  Charlotte  Sparks,   daughter 

of  Sanford  Sparks,  of  Avoca  Tp. ;  she  was 

born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  12th  of 

Sept.,-  1820;    they    have  two  children — 

Arthur  and  Otis.     He  owns  a  farm  of  124 

acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

R.  B.  FOSTER,  farm  smd  stock  ;  P.  0. 
Lodemia ;  came  from  Fountain  Co.,  Ind., 
to  Livingston  Co.,  in  1855,  settling  in  Avo- 


ca Tp.  ;  he  was  born  in  Fountain  Co., 
Ind.,  ^larch  8,  1831,  and  lived  thereuntil 
his  removal  to  Livingston  Co. ;  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  land  in  his  home  farm,  on 
Sec.  21,  and  100  acres  on  Sec.  29,  valued 
at  $7,000.  He  was  married  on  the  14th 
of  Feb.,  1851,  to  MLss  Mary  J.  Bodley, 
who  was  born  in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  in 
Aug.,  1831  ;  they  have  seven  children 
living — Ophelia,  Wallace  D.,  Frances, 
Emma,  Flora  B.,  Wilbur  and  Ira  A.  Mr. 
Foster  served  eight  years  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  one  year  as  member  of  the  Board 
of  Supervisors,  and  one  term  as  Town 
Clerk  ;  he  has  also  been  Town  Treasurer 
for  the  past  eight  years,  and  served  a  num- 
ber of  terms  as  School  Director ;  he  has 
also  been  local  minister  of  the  Avoca  Cir- 
cuit of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
for  the  past  six  years. 

WILLIAM  FUGATE,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  35  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  a  resi- 
dent of  Livingston  Co.,  since  1850  ;  was 
born  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ind.,  near  Richmond, 
March  26,  1820  ;  when  he  was  3  years  of 
age,  his  parents  removed  to  Tippecanoe  Co., 
Ind.  ;  there  he  lived  until  his  removal  to 
Livingston  Co.,  as  above  stated;  in  1842, 
he  made  a  journey  on  horseback  across 
Illinois  and  through  the  State  of  Missouri, 
traveling  more  than  a  thousand  miles.  He 
was  married  April  24,  1848,  to  Miss  Mary 
J.  Ray ;  she  was  born  in  Madison  Co., 
Ind.,  on  the  10th  of  June,  1833;  they 
have  five  children — Mary  F.,  Henderson, 
Marion  A.,  Daniel  and  Cloe  M.  On  ar- 
riving in  Livingston  Co.,  he  settled  on  his 
present  farm;  in  August,  the  following 
year,  his  buildings  were  burned  down  and 
he  has  since  erected  his  present  commo- 
dious buildings;  he  owns  320  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $16,000.  Mr.  Fugate 
served  one  term  on  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors. 

MRS.  MARY  GLINNEN,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  12;  P.  0.  Fairbury; 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Livingston  Co., 
was  James  Glinnen,  who  came  from  Lewis 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1844  ;  he  was  born  in  County 
West  Mcath,  Ireland,  and  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1840.  He  was  married 
about  1837,  to  Miss  Mary  Dunn  of  his 
native  county  ;  the  four  years  from  1840 
to  1844,  they  spent  in  Maryland,  Dela- 
ware, and  Pennsylvania  ;  on  arriving  in 
Livingston  Co.,  they  spent  a  year  in  Pon- 


734 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


tiac,  and  then  came  to  Avoca  Tp.  Mr. 
Grlinnen  died  in  1858,  leaving  a  family  of 
three  sons  and  one  daughter — Dinnes, 
Mary  (now  Mrs.  John  Monahan  of  Char- 
lotte Tp.)  ;  Christopher  and  Matthew. 
Mrs.  Glinnen  owns  105  acres  of  land  in 
the  home  farm,  and  120  acres  in  Pleasant 
llidiie. 

DINNES  GLINNEN,  former  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  was  born  in 
County  West  Meath,  Ireland,  on  the  9th 
of  May,  1836,  and  came  to  the  United 
States  at  the  age  of  7  years.  He  is  a  son 
of  James  Glinnen,  who  died  in  Avoca  Tp., 
in  1858  ;  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  in  1844  ;  since  the  death  of 
his  father,  he  has  managed  the  aifairs  of 
the  estate  ;  he  is  a  successful  farmer  and 
business  man,  and  one  of  the  large  prop- 
erty owners  of  the  county.  During  the 
war  he  was  largely  engaged  in  buying  and 
shipping  stock,  in  which  he  was  very  suc- 
cessful ;  he  now  owns  920  acres  of  laud  in 
Avoca  and  Pleasant  Ridge  Tps.  He 
served  one  term  as  School  Trustee,  and  has 
been  School  Director  for  the  past  nine 
years. 

J.  G.  JONES,  farmer  and  stock  raiser  ; 
P.  0.  McDowell ;  was  born  in  Vigo  Co., 
Ind.,  near  Terre  Haute,  June  17,  1825. 
When  he  was  quite  young,  his  parents 
removed  to  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  where  they 
resided  until  their  death,  which  took  place 
in  January  and  June,  1878,  respectively. 
Mr.  Jones  was  married  March  20,  1848, 
to  Miss  Delilah  Jones,  who  was  born  in 
Davis  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  19,  1828,  and  when 
but  a  child  removed  with  her  parents  to 
Indiana  ;  they  have  seven  children — Leon- 
ard, George  W.,  John  F.,  Edgar,  Hester 
C.  Mary  and  Olive  M.  Mr.  Jones  came  to 
Livingston  County  in  1854,  and  settled  in 
Eppard'-*  Point  Township,  where  he  re- 
mained six  years,  and  then  came  to  his 
present  farm  on  Section  7,  where  he  owns 
202  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $10,000. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  is  a  native  of  But- 
ler Co.,  Ohio  ;  he  was  born  on  the  the  19th 
of  December,  1820  ;  he  made  his  home 
there  until  1848,  when  he  went  to  Indiana 
and  spent  eleven  years  in  diflFerent  parts  of 
the  State.  On  the  20th  of  January,  1859, 
he  was  married  to  Miss  Mariam  A.  Jessop, 
of  Howard  Co.,  Ind.  ;  she  was  born  in 
Darke  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  10, 1837  ;  they  have 


two  children — Quincy  S.  and  Indiana  G. 
After  his  marriage,  Mr.  .lohnson  settled  in 
Howard  Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  resided  until 
his  removal  to  Livingston  County  in  1865- 
he  settled  at  that  time  on  his  present  farm 
on  Section  27,  containing  eighty  acres, 
valued  at  $45  an  acre.  He  held  the 
offices  of  Township  Trustee  and  Township 
Treasurer  in  Howard  Co.,  Ind.,  and  is  at 
present  Township  Trustee. 

JOHN  McDowell,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  21  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  was  born 
in  Scioto  Co.,  Ohio,  on  the  5th  of  May, 
1813;  in  1828,  his  father's  family  removed 
to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1832,  came  to 
Livingston  County  and  settled  in  Avoca 
Township  ;  he  is  the  next  to  the  oldest  of 
the  family  of  eight  who  came  at  that  time. 
Of  the  family,  two  sisters  are  deceased  ; 
one  is  married  and  lives  in  Avoca  Town- 
ship ;  two  of  the  brothers  live  in  Fairbury, 
and  one  in  Kansas  and  one  in  Nebraska. 
Mr.  McDowell  was  married  Nov.  16, 1837, 
to  Miss  Elizabeth  Moore,  of  Indian  Grove 
Township  ;  she  was  born  in  Overton  Co., 
Tennessee,  on  the  20th  of  June,  1820; 
they  have  four  children  living — Sarah  A.. 
Serepta  J.,  Mary  A.  and  Lewis  P.  Mr. 
McDowell  opened  his  present  farm  in  the 
Spring  of  1853,  moving  with  his  family  on 
the  12th  of  April.  He  owns  240  acres  of 
land,  with  good  buildings,  and  valued  at 
$45  an  acre. 

J.  W.  McDowell,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  22 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  was  born 
Dec.  25,  1849,  in  Avoca  Township,  on  the 
farm  now  occupied  by  him  ;  he  is  a  son  of 
James  McDowell,  one  of  the  five  brothers 
who  came  to  Livingston  County  from 
Indiana  in  1832  ;  a  few  years  later,  his 
father  opened  up  the  farm  now  occupied 
by  him  and  containing  900  acres  of  land. 
Mr.  McDowell  was  married  on  the  13th  ot 
February,  1877,  to  Miss  Cbloe  M.  Fugate, 
daughter  of  William  Fugate,  another  of 
the  early  settlers  of  Avoca  Township ; 
she  was  born  in  Avoca  Township  Dee.  5, 
1859  ;  they  have  one  child — Gertie  M. 
Mr.  McDowell  is  at  present  Town  Clerk, 
to  which  office  he  was  elected  in  1877  and 
re-elected  in  1878. 

J.  C.  MORRISON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser;  P.  0.  Poatiac ;  was  born  in 
Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  17,  1831; 
in  1840,  he  came  with  his  father's 
family     to     Livingston     Co.,     and     set- 


AVOCA  TOWNSHIP. 


735 


tied  on  whiit  is  now  See.  5,  Avoea  Tp., 
wlierc  he  still  resides  ;  at  that  time,  Pon- 
tiac  contained  two  lot;-  cabins  and  one  frame 
house,  about  sixteen  feet  S(|uare ;  there  was 
not  a  house  from  their  house  to  tho  Mazon 
River,  a  distance  of  fully  twenty-tive  miles; 
his  father  died  in  the  Sunmier  of  1840, 
leavinu'  six  children,  of  whom  Joseph  C. 
was  the  youngest  ;  some  years  afterward, 
he  purchased  the  interest  of  the  other 
members  of  the  family  in  homestead  of 
120  acres,  which  their  father  had  entered 
from  the  Government ;  to  this  he  has  added 
from  time  to  time,  until  he  now  has  900 
acres  in  his  home  form,  valued  at  830,000, 
besides  land  in  Kansas.  He  is  a  progress- 
ive, enterprising  and  successful  farmer ;  } 
has  been  engaged  in  the  stock  business  for  ' 
twenty  years,  keeping  on  his  place  from 
200     to     500    head    of      cattle,  besides  ' 

'  I 

a     large     number     of    hogs,    and     fine  i 
blooded     horses.       He    was    married    on   ! 
the   12th  of  June,  1851,  to  Miss  Naomi  j 
Reynolds,  of   Pohtiac ;    they   have    eight 
children — Albert  J.,  J.  Newton,  Charlotte, 
Samuel.  Addie.  Delia.  Alta  and  John  J. 

JOHN  0.  MORRISON,  flumer  and 
stock  raiser  ;  P.  0.  Lodemia  ;  is  a  native 
of  Livingston  Co.;  he  was  born  in  Avoea 
Tp.  in  July  15,  1850  ;  he  is  the  oldest 
son  of  Samuel  Morrison,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  the  county,  who  came  to  Avoea 
Tp.  in  1840.  He  was  married  on  the  1 2th 
of  .January,  1876,  to  Mi.ss  Mary  A.  Mc- 
Cashlaud,  daughter  of  Thos.  McCashland, 
of  Avoea  Tp.;  she  was  born  in  Union  Co., 
Ind.,  Jan.  24,  1853.  Mr.  Morrison  re- 
sides on  a  farm  belonging  to  his  father, 
located  on  Sec.  8,  and  containing  200  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  §8,000. 

S.  M.  PRICER,  farmer  and  stock  raider ; 
P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  is  a  native  of  Ross  Co., 
Ohio;  he  was  born  Feb.  16,  1824;  he 
resided  there  until  1 863,  when  he  removed 
to  Marion  Co.,  Ill ,  and  one  year  later 
removed  to  East  St.  Louis,  where  he  lived 
one  year,  removing  thence  to  St.  Louis, 
Mo. ;  two  years  later  to  Quincy,  111.,  thence 
to  McLean  Co.,  where  he  resided  till  his 
removal  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1873.  He 
was. married  May  12,  1853,  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  Latham,  of  Washington,  Fayette  Co., 
Ohio  ;  she  was  born  in  Hanover,  N.  H., 
Aug.  23,  1835.  Mrs.  Pric-er  has  380  acres 
of  land  in  Sec.  1,  Avoea  Tp.,  valued  at 
?4n   an  acre.     Mr.  Pricer  has  served  as 


Postmaster  in  South  Salem,  Ross  Co., 
Ohio,  some  five  years,  and  Treasurer  about 
the  same  length  of  time. 

HUGH  ROBINSON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  26;  P.  O.  Fairbury  ;  has  lived 
in  Livingston  Co.  for  the  past  twenty-four 
years  ;  he  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Ohio, 
July  14,  1842  ;'  when  he  was  twelve  years 
old,  his  parents  came  to  Illinois ;  they  came' 
with  covered  wagons  across  the  prairie,  and 
were  frequently  in  such  danger  from  prairie 
fires  that  they  had  to  light  back  fires  with 
matches  as  a  protection  ;  they  settled  in 
McLean  Co.,  and  in  1854  came  to  Avoea 
Tp.  His  fitther,  James  K.  Robinson, 
died  Dec.  11,  I860,  his  mother  having 
died  in  1853.  Mr.  Robinson  began  farm- 
ing for  him.'^elf  in  Indian  Grove  Tp  , 
and  lived  there  until  his  removal  to  his 
present  farm  in  1872  ;  he  has  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $3,200 ;  he  is 
considerably  interested  in  fine  stock,  espe- 
cially Norman  horses,  of  which  he  now  has 
some  fourteen  head.  He  was  married  on 
the  3d  of  March,  1870,  to  Miss  Lizzie 
Hartley,  of  Avoea  Tp.;  she  was  born  in  the 
Province  of  Ontario,  Canada,  July  17, 
1845  ;  they  have  three  children — Minnie 
M.,  Lillie  G.  and  Jessie  E.  Mr.  Robin- 
son has  served  three  years  as  School  Di- 
rector. In  May,  1864,  he  enlisted  in  Co. 
F,  69th  III.  Vols.,  for  three  months,  and 
served  till  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
enlistment. 

A.  P.  STRAIGHT,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  was  born  in  Wa.sh- 
ington  Co.,  N.  Y,  on  the  12th  of  January, 
1803  ;  when  he  was  quite  young  his  father 
removed  to  Ontario  Co.,  N.  Y.,  where  ho 
resided  about  twenty  years,  and  then  re- 
moved to  Chautau(|ua  Co.,  in  the  same 
State.  Mr.  Straight  was  mariied  in  Chau- 
tauqua Co.  in  July,  1824,  to  MissPhilena 
Simmons,  of  that  county ;  she  was  born  in 
July,  1803.  In  1857,  Mr.  Straight  cj-mo 
to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  near  Fair- 
bury ;  he  removed  to  his  farm  on  Sec.  28 
in  the  Spring  of  1877,  where  he  (jwns  170 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  an  acre  ;  he 
also  owns  forty  acres  on  Sec.  34,  and  a 
dwelling  and  several  lots  in  Fairbury.  He 
has  seven  children  living — Phnily  ( now 
Mrs.  N.  C.  Johnson,  of  Kent  Co.,  Mich.), 
Mary  (now  Mrs.  James  H.  Odell,  of  In- 
dian Grove  Tp.),  Levi  (now  a  resident  of 
Fairbury),   David   (an  attorney  at  law  in 


736 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  : 


Fowler,  Ind. ),  Rufus  (a  farmer  living  in 
Indian  Grove  Tp. ),  J.  William  (an  attor- 
ney at  law  in  Bloomington,  111. )  and  Caro- 
line ( wife  of  S.  S.  Rogers,  of  the  Fairbury 
House,  Fairbury) ;  two  sons — Alonzo  and 
Leander — were  killed  in  the  army. 

AARON  SHAW,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  25  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  was  born 
in  Cape  May  Co.,  N.  J.,  Oct.  5,  1800  ; 
when  he  was  IG  years  of  age,  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J, 
He  was  married  on  the  24th  of  January, 
1824,  to  Miss  Sarah  Whitehead,  of  Cum- 
berland Co.  ;  she  was  born  in  Salem  Co., 
N.  J.,  March  3,  1799.  In  1835,  Mr. 
Shaw  removed  to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind., 
where  he  resided  until  i856,  and  then  came 
to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  on  his  pres- 
ent farm,  where  he  owns  200  acres  uf  land, 
valued  at  $8,000.  Mrs.  Shaw  died  May 
23,  1871,  leaving  five  children — Rachel 
( now  wife  of  John  Bennett,  of  Avoca  Tp.), 
Priscilla  (now  Mrs.  J.  H.  Burdick),  James 
W.,  of  Avoca  Tp.,  Else  (now  Mrs.  Daniel 
McLean,  of  Fairbury)  and  Thomas  E.,  of 
Avoca. 

T.  N.  SMITH,  farmer  and  stock  raiser; 
P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  a  resident  of  Livingston 
Co.  since  1853;  was  born  in  Smithfield, 
Jetterson  Co.,  Ohio,  July  27,  1831  ;  when 
he  was  quite  young  his  parents  removed  to 
Tusc.  Co.,  Ohio,  and  thence  to  Mansfield, 
Crawford  Co.  ;  from  there  they  removed  to 
Seneca  Co.,  thence  back  to  Jeiferson  Co. ; 
two  years  later,  they  removed  to  Washing- 
ton Co.,  Ohio,  and  there  be  made  his  home 
until  his  removal  to  Livingston  Co.,  in 
1853 ;  in  1855,  he  opened  a  farm  in 
Saunemin  Tp.,  and  remained  there  nine 
years  and  then  settled  on  his  present  farm  ; 
Mr.  Smith  owns  about  900  acres  of  land, 
good  buildings  and  well  improved,  which 
he  has  earned  by  industry,  economy  and 
good  management ;  he  started  in  this  county 
with  but  ^100,  and  his  landed  interests 
now  amount  to  not  less  than  $30,000.  He 
was  married  May  2, 1855,  to  Miss  Rebecca 
Gilpin,  daughter  of  Samuel  Gilpin,  of 
Avoca  Tp.  ;  she  was  born  in  Delaware  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  17,  1830  ;  they  have  eight  chil- 
dren living — John  B.,  Orpha  A.,  Thomas 
A.,  Mary  V.,  James  R.,  Loren  L.,  Martha 
J.  and  Birdie  ;  one  daughter,  Clara  C, 
died  in  1873.  Mr.  Smith  served  about 
eight  years  as  School  Treasurer,  and  some 
five  years  as  Commissioner  of  Highways. 


JAMES  TANNER,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0.  Lodemia.  Among 
the  early  settlers  of  Avoca  Tp.,  were  the 
Tanner  brothers,  James,  Robert  F.  and 
John  A.,  who  came  from  Fountain  Co., 
Ind.,  in  the  Fall  of  1847,  and  entered 
farms  adjoining  one  another,  comprising 
the  north  half  of  Sec.  17  ;  James  and  John 
A.  still  occupy  their  original  farms  ;  Robert 
F.  died  in  April,  18G4.  The  oldest,  James, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in 
Montgomery  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  27,  1815  ; 
in  1825,  his  father's  family  removed  to 
Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  and  there  he  resided 
until  his  removal  to  Livingston  Co.  He 
was  married  Dec.  25,  1840,  to  Miss  Ann 
Buchanan,  a  native  of  Perry  Co.,  Pcnn., 
who  died  on  the  5th  of  March,  1852.  Mr, 
Tanner  was  again  married,  Dec.  14,  1852, 
to  Miss  Ulala  Tucker,  daughter  of  Joel 
Tucker,  another  of  the  early  settlers  of  the 
county  ;  she  was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  14,  1822,  and  came  with  her  lather's 
family  to  this  county  in  1851.  Mr.  Tanner 
owns  154  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $50  an 
acre.  He  served  three  years  as  Justice 
of  the  Peace,  and  has  been  School 
Director  a  greater  portion  of  the  time  dur- 
ing his  residence ;  he  has  also  served  one 
term  as  Commissioner  of  Highways,  and 
several  years  as  Township  School   Trustee. 

THOMAS  WINSLOW,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser.  Sec.  13  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ; 
was  born  in  County  East  Meath,  Ireland, 
Feb.  14,  1831  ;  in  1851,  he  came  to  the 
United  States,  and  after  spending  one 
month  in  New  Jersey,  went  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  remained  a  year  and  a 
half,  after  which  he  spent  nearly  two  years 
in  New  York  ;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co. 
in  1855,  settling  on  his  present  farm  ;  he 
owns  250  acres  of  land  in  his  home  farm  ; 
forty-four  acres  on  Sec.  15,  and  120  acres 
in  Gage  Co.,  Nebraska.  He  was  married 
on  the  1st  of  January,  1855,  to  Miss  Cath- 
erine Clark,  of  his  native  county  ;  they 
have  six  children — Mary  T.,  Ann,  Jane, 
John,  Catherine  I.  and  James  C. 

JOHN  WILSON,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Lick- 
ing Co.,  Ohio,  June  30,  1845  ;  he  is  a  son 
of  William  Wilson  of  Owego  Tp.,  and  came 
with  his  parents  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1848, 
being  then  but  3  years  old.  JMr  Wilson 
remained  at  home  on  the  farm  until  he  was 
He  married  on  the  24th  of 


nearly 


of  age. 


INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


737 


August,  1869,  to  Miss  Rebecca  A.  DeMoss, 
daughter  of  Asa  DeMoss,  one  of  the  early 
settlers  of  Livingston  Co.  ;  she  was  born 
in  Avoca  Tp.  Dec.  14,  1852;  they  have 
five  children — Minnie  A.,  Mary  J.,  Charles 
A.,  George  W.  and  infant  child.  Mr.  Wil- 
son has  served  one  term  as  Township  Col- 
lector, one  term  as  Assessor  and  about 
four  years  as  School  Director. 

AARON  WEIDER,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser ;  P.  0.  Lodemia  ;  was  born  in  Ross 
Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  9,  1822  ;  his  grandfather, 
Jacob  Weider,  came  from  Germany  when 
a  young  man,  and  after  living  in  Pennsyl- 
vania a  number  of  years,  removed  to  Ross 
Co.  in  1795,  beinir  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers  there.  Mr.  Welder's  father, 
George  Weider,  removed  to  Tippecanoe 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1838,  and  to  Livingston  Co. 
in  1855,  Mr.  Weider  coming  the  follow- 
ing year.     He  was  married  May  2,   1854, 


to  Miss  Matilda  Tanner,  who  was  born  in 
Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  Feb.  21,  1830;  they 
have  six  children  living — Maria  Josephine, 
Blanch,  Clara,  Jessie,  Nettie  and  Alfred 
G.  In  July,  1861,  Mr.  W.  entered  the 
Union  army  as  a  private  in  Cj.  K,  3d  I. 
V.  C.  ;  was  commissioned  First  Lieut., 
and  served  until  September,  1864;  he  was 
engaged  principally  in  scouting  service  in 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  etc. ;  he  was 
present  with  his  regiment  at'  the  battles  of 
Pea  Ridge,  Springfield.  Mo.,  Helena,  Ark., 
Arkansas  Post,  the  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
etc.  He  owns  130  acres  of  land  on  Sec. 
16,  valued  at  86,500.  In  1869,  he  was 
elected  County  Treasurer,  serving  two 
terms ;  he  was  the  first  Supervisor  from 
Avoca  Tp.,  and  has  served  one  term  as 
Township  School  Trustee,  and  held  various 
other  town  offices. 


INDIAN    GROVE     TOWNSHIP. 


JOHN  ATKINS,  retired  farmer;    P. 
O.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Waterbury,Vt.,  Aug. 
31, 1808  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1834,  with 
his  father's  fimiily,  who  settled  in  Will  Co., 
stopping  at  Joliet,  where  they  partook  of  a 
supper  consisting  of  bread  and  milk  (sour 
milk)  ;  the  subject  of   this  sketch  resided 
in  Will  Co.  until  the  Spring  of  1854, when 
he  removed  to  this  county,  locating  in  Pon- 
tiac  Tp.,  where  he   engaged    in   farming; 
removed  to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  in 
1857  ;    owns    200    acres  of   land   in  this 
county,  valued  at  $9,000,  and  1,300  acres 
of  western  land,  valued  at  $13,000.     Has 
served    as    Commissioner    of    Highways. 
Married  in  1832,  to  Anna  Aldeu;  she  was 
born  in  Stowe,  Vt.,  in  July,  1808,  died  in 
1847  ;  seven  children  by  this  union,  five 
living — Jane   (wife   of    William   Fames), 
Julia  (wife  of  Dr.  J.  L.  Miller),  John  H., 
Alden,  Sarah  A.  (wife  of  A.  A.  Potter) ; 
lost  two — Wiliam  died    March  24,  1842  ; 
Philander,  July  30,  1846  ;  was  again  mar- 
ried in  December,  1849,  to  Lucy  M.  Gil- 
let,  "who  was  born  in  Canada  May,  1^5; 
three    children    by   second   marriage,  two 
living — Walter  C.  and  Flora  E.  (wife  of 
John  Bridges) ;    Meranda  died  March  28, 
1851  ;    was  again  married   to  Mrs.  Sarah 


A.  Gardner  (Smith)  Oct.  9,  1860,  who 
was  born  in  Erie  Co  ,  0.,  June,  1828  ; 
one  child  by  this  union,  John  S.,  who  died 
April  11,  1873.  Mr.  Atkins  was  the  first 
to  engage  in  rafting  sawed  lumber  on  the 
Des  Plainos  River. 

WILLIAM  H.  ALLEN,  groceries, 
Fairbury  ;  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Nov. 
14,  1850  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  Novem- 
ber, 1 859,  locating  at  Geneseo,  Henry  Co.; 
spent  several  years  traveling  for  Boies, 
Fay  &  Conkey,  Chicago,  prior  to  his  locat- 
ing at  Fairbury,'  his  present  home,  in  De- 
cember, 1874,  since  which  time  he  has 
been  engaged  in  his  present  business. 
Married  in  December,  1875,  to  Miss  Emma 
A.  Hood  ;  she  was  born  in  Taunton,  Mass., 
Nov.  27, 1853  ;  one  child — James  D.  Mr. 
A.  is  a  member  of  the  following  Masonic 
bodies :  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351  ;  Fair- 
bury Chapter,  No.  99;  St.  Paul  Com- 
mandry.  No.  34. 

GIBSON  B.  BROWNS  N  (Brownson 
&  Ferguson),  contractors  and  builders, 
Fairbury;  born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn., 
July  3,  1832  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  the 
Fall  of  1856,  locating  in  Avoca  Tp.,  this 
county ;  came  to  Fairbury,  his  present 
home,  in   1858.     Enlisted   in  the   3d  111. 


738 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


Cav.  in  September.  1861  ;  transferred  to 
the  Mississippi  Marine  Brigade  in  Janu- 
ary, 1863 ;  mustered  out  in  186-i.  Married 
in  March,  1868,  to  Miss  Susan  M.  Ormsby ; 
she  was  born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn. ;  one 
child — Allie  R.  Mr.  B.  is  a  member  of 
Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. 
Owns  city  property  valued  at  $1,500  ;  has 
been  engaged  in  his  present  business 
twenty-nine  years. 

H.  E.  W.  BARNES  (Barnes  Bros.),  I 
physician,  Fairburv;  born  in  Marshall  Co., 
111..  April  4,  1850 ;  entered  the  North- 
western University,  at  Evanston,  111.,  in 
1869,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  during 
that  and  the  following  year  ;  commenced 
his  medical  studies  at  Rush  Medical  Col- 
lege in  1871,  but  after  the  fire  of  that  year, 
which  destroyed  the  College  building,  he 
entered  the  medical  department  of  the 
Iowa  State  University,  at  Iowa  City  ;  com- 
menced the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Saunemin  Tp.,  this  county,  in  1872,  grad- 
uating at  the  Iowa  State  University  the 
following  year  ;  removed  to  Fairbury,  his 
present  home,  May  1,  1873  ;  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  S4,000,  and  city 
property  valued  at  §1,000.  He  is  Assist- 
ant Surgeon  of  the  10th  Battalion.  Illinois 
National  Guards,  and  member  of  the  Liv- 
ingston District  Medical  Association. 
Married  April  17,  1873,  to  Miss  Anna  E. 
Erwin ;  she  was  born  near  Zanesville,  Ohio,  j 
June  5,  1852;  two  children — Austin  D. 
and  Mott  S.,  died  Aug.  4,  1876  ;  the  Dr. 
is  a  member  of  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351,  ; 
A..  F.  &  A.  M. 

THOMAS  A.  BEACH,  banking  and 
real  estate  { Bartlett,  Beach  &  Downing), 
Fairbury,  111.  ;  born  in  Madison  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  4,  1828  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  the 
Fall  of  1854,  locating  in  Indian  Grove 
Township,  this  county,  where  he  resided 
until  the  Fall  of  I860,  then  removing  to 
Fairljury,  his  present  home  ;  in  1865,  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  under  the 
firm  name  of  Pogue  &  Beach,  and  two 
years  later  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Beach  &  Bull. 
In  June,  1874.  the  banking  house  of  Bart- 
lett, Beach  &  Downing  was  established, 
since  which  date  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
has  given  his  attention  to  the  interests  of  | 
that  institution  ;  owns  540  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  841 ,000,  and  city  property  valued 
at   S35.000.       Married   in   1852  to  Miss 


Amelia  Bartlett ;  she'was  born  in  Hamilton 
Co.,  Ohio;  three  children  by  this  union, 
one  living — Ella  L. ;  have  lost  two — Sarah 
A.,  died  Aug.  2,  1*867  ;  Chloe,  Sept.  19, 
1875.  Mr.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  follow- 
ing Masonic  bodies  :  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No. 
351,  and  Fairbury  Chapter,  No.  99. 

CICERO  C.  BARTLETT,  banking  and 
real  estate  ( Bartlett,  Beach  &  Downing), 
Fairbury,  111. ;  born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  6,  1826  ;  entered  Starling  Medical 
College  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  1847 ;  re- 
moved to  Dearborn  Co.,  Ind.,  in  the  Spring 
of  1849,  where  he  commenced  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine  ;  in  1853,  he  gave  up  the 
practice  of  medicine,  and  moved  to  Madison 
Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
and  coniniission  business  at  Pleasant  Val- 
ley;  came  to  Illinois  in  1856,  locating  in 
Indian  Grove  Township,  this  county,  where 
he  followed  farming  until  1858,  then  re- 
moved to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  and 
engaged  in  the  grain  trade  under  the  firm 
name  of  A.  L.  Pogue  &  Co.,  which  con- 
tinued until  1860 ;  from  that  period  until 
the  banking  house  of  Barrlett,  Beach  & 
Downing  was  established,  in  June,  1874, 
the  Doctor  was  engaged  in  attending  to  his 
business  interests  generally ;  owns  1 ,260 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $82,000,  and  city 
property  valued  at  $6,000.  Has  served  as 
School  Treasurer  since  1865,  and  Treas- 
urer of  the  Fairbury  Union  Agricultural 
Society  since  its  incorporation.  Married 
in  April,  1850,  to  Miss  Chloe  Beach;  she 
was  born  in  Madison  Co.,  Ohio ;  six  chil- 
dren, four  living — Albert  C,  Edith  (wife 
of  J.  E.  Lewis,)  Emma  D.  and  William  H.; 
lost  two — Latham  died  in  1853',  and 
Thomas  in  1859. 

DANN  BREWER,  physician  and  sur- 
geon, Fairbury,  111.  ;  born  in  Warren, 
Trumbull  Co.,  Ohio,  Jan.  22,  1843,  but 
removed  to  Wisconsin  in  early  childhood 
with  hi^  parents,  who  settled  in  Jeft'erson 
County,  in  1846  ;  entered  Bennett  Medical 
College,  Chicago,  111.,  in  1874,  graduating 
at  that  institution  the  following  year  ;  he 
also  graduated  at  the  Hahnemann  Medical 
College  of  Chicago,  in  1876;  removed  to 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  in 
1873.  Prior  to  his  removing  from  Wiscon- 
sin.  he  served  as  Principal  of  the  State 
Reform  School  of  that  State.  ]\Iarried  to 
Miss  Rosette  C.  Smith  in  December,  1868^ 


INDIAN   GROVE   TOWNSHIP. 


739 


she  was  born  in  Oakland,  Jefferson  Co., 
Wis.  Mr.  B.  is  a  member  of  the  following 
Masonie  bodies :  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No. 
351,  Fairbury  Chapter,  No.  99,  and  St. 
Paul  Commanderv,  No.  34. 

BENJ.  F.  BARNES,  farmer,  Sec.  33 ; 
P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Jefferson  Co., 
Ind.,  Oct.  31,  1835  ;  removed  to  Illinois 
in  early  childhood  with  his  parents,  who 
settled  in  Woodford  County,  where  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  resided  till  the  Spring 
of  18G1,  then  removing  to  Belle  Prairie 
Township,  this  county,  and  four  years  later, 
to  Indian  Grove  Township ;  owns  245 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  S8,(M)0.  Married 
in  March,  1863,  to  Miss  Apphia  Spence, 
who  was  born  in  Indian  Grove  Township, 
Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  now  resides  on 
the  same  farm  where  she  was  born,  and  in 
tlie  same  house  where  she  was  married  ;  six 
children  by  this  union — Isabelle,  Franklin, 
Martin.  Mary  E.,  Rachel  and  William  B. 

HARRISON  L.  BRUCE,  insurance 
and  real  estate,  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Allegany 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  28,  1835,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1855,  then  removing  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  Bureau  County  ;  came  to  Liv- 
ingston County  in  1856,  locating  near 
Dwight  and  engaged  in  farming  ;  removed 
ro  Sangamon  County,  this  State,  in  1858. 
Enlisted  in  the  3d  111.  Cav.  in  August, 
1861,  and  served  until  near  the  close  of  the 
war ;  commissioned  Second  Lieutenant  in 
1863,  and  promoted  First  Lieutenant  same 
year.  Located  at  Fairbury,  his  present 
home  in  the  Spring  of  1865.  Has  served  as 
member  of  the  Town  Board  two  terms, 
Corj)oration  Clerk  one  term.  Married  in 
1865  to  Miss  Sarah  L.  Thornton,  who  was 
born  in  Sangamon  Co.,  111.  ;  three  children 
by  this  union,  two  living — Hattie  M.  and 
Lucy  S. ;  William  H.  died  in  1866.  Mr. 
Bruce  is  Secretary  of  the  Fairbury  Agri- 
cultural Board. 

JOHN  M.  BROWNSON,  Brownson 
&  Russell,  contractors  and  builders ;  P.  0. 
Fairbury  ;  born  in  Bradford  Co.,  Penn., 
Nov.  4,  1830  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  July, 
1852,  and  the  following  Fall  went  South, 
where  he  spent  four  years  in  the  Southern 
States,  returning  to  this  State  in  1856, 
locating  in  Avoca  Tp.,  this  county,  and  the 
following  year  engaged  in  farming  in 
Pleasant  Ridge  Tp. ;  in  1866,  he  removed 
to  Fairbury,  his  present  home.  Has  held 
the  ofl&ces  of  Collector  and  Commissioner 


of  Highways.  Married  in  1862  to  Miss 
Sarah  H.  Veatch,  who  was  born  in  Ohio  ; 
she  died  in  January,  1870 ;  three  children 
by  this  union — Emma  R.,  Thomas  K.  and 
Mary  C.  Was  again  married,  in  1873,  to 
Mattie  Parks,  who  was  born  in  Calais,  Me. 

JOHN  COOxMER,  retired;  P.  O.  Fair- 
bury ;  born  in  Glover,  Orleans  Co.,  Vt., 
May  4,  1817  ;  came  to  Illinois  in  1848, 
but  after  visiting  different  portions  of  the 
State,  returned  to  Vermont  the  same  year  ; 
removed  to  Van  BurenCo.,  Mich,  in  1856, 
and  in  the  Summer  of  the  following  year 
removed  to  Chenoa,  111. ;  in  October  of  that 
year  he  engaged  in  the  lumber  business  at 
what  was  then  called  South  Avoca,  now 
Fairbury  ;  his  dwelling,  built  that  Fall, 
into  which  his  family  moved  on  the  31st 
day  of  December,  1857,  was  the  first  dwell- 
ing erected  in  Fairbury  ;  owns  1,760  acres 
of  land  valued  at  $10,560.  Was  the  first 
Police  Magistrate  elected  in  Fairbury,  but 
declined  to  serve  ;  has  served  as  Highway 
Commissioner  and  member  of  the  Town 
Board  ;  also  Assessor  from  1866  to  1873. 
Married  in  1842,  to  Miss  Jenett  Abbott; 
she  was  born  in  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.  ;  died  in 
1843.  Was  again  married,  in  1845,  to 
Harriet  N.  Cheney ;  she  was  born  in  Al- 
bany, Orleans  Co.,  Vt.  ;  two  children  by 
this  union — Allen  and  Fannie  M. 

ALLEN  COOMER,  lumber,  Fairbury; 
born  in  Orleans  Co.,  Vt.,  April  12,  1847  ; 
removed  to  Illinois  with  hLs  father's  family 
in  the  Spring  of  1857,  locating  at  Chenoa, 
McLean  Co.,  and  in  the  Fall  of  that  year 
came  to  Fairbury,  his  pre,sent  home.  His 
father,  John  Coomer,  erected  the  fiist 
dwelling  in  the  present  city  of  Fairbury, 
and  the  subject  of  this  sketch  set  out  the 
first  shade  trees.  Was  married  in  1872,  to 
Miss  Louisa  Cox  ;  she  was  born  in  LTniou 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  one  child — Lizzie  M. 

JACOB  J.  CUMPSTON,  f\umer,  Sec. 
14  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Greene  Co., 
Penn.,  Dec.  14,  1821,  where  he  resided 
till  the  Spring  of  1852,  when  he  removed 
to  Illinois,  locating  in  Brimfield  Tp.,  Peoria 
Co.,  and  in  the  following  December  re- 
moved to  Cazenovia  Tp.,  Woodford  Co.  ; 
removed  to  his  present  home  in  the  Spring 
of  1855  ;  owns  ninety  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $4,500.  ■  Married  in  Woodford  Co.,  111., 
Sept.  18,  1854,  to  Miss  Pleasy  Kirby, 
who  was  born  in  Greene  Co..  Penn.,  June 
6,  1833.     Mr.  Cumpston's  father  (Jacob) 


740 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


who  now  resides  with  his  son,  is  prob- 
ably the  oldest  person  in  Livingston 
Co. :  he  was  born  Nov.  10,  1784. 

JEREMIAH    F.    COOPER,    farmer, 
Sec.  29  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Overton 
Co.,  Tenn.,  Oct.   29,   1832  ;    removed  to 
Illinois  in  early  childhood,  with  his  parents, 
who   settled    in    Belle    Prairie    Tp.,    this 
county,  in  the  Fall  of  1834  ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  removed  to  his  present  home  in 
the  Spring  of  1864  ;   owns  125  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $5,000.     Has    served  as 
School  Director  for  several  terms.   Married 
in  1854  to  Miss  Louisa  Davis,  who  was 
born   in   Indiana ;  fifteen  children  by  this 
union,   nine  of  whom  are  living — James 
M.,  Viola  B.  (wife  of  AV.  H.  Crichfield), 
Anna  M.,  Susan,  Adelia,  Jakie  D.,  Albert 
F.,  Lena  R.  and  Freddie  G.  ;  Luella  M.  died 
July  27,  1872  ;  Celestia  R.  June  16, 1868. 
HENRY  DARN  ALL,  farmer.  See.  27  ; 
P.  0.    Fairbury ;  born   near  the   Fort  at 
Boonsborough,  in  Madison  County,    Ky., 
July  22,  1808,  where  he  resided  until  the 
Fall  of  1849,  then  removed  to  Illinois,  lo- 
cating in  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county; 
owns  120  acres  of  land,  valued  at   $5,000. 
He  has  served  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  four 
years,    and   School   Director  seven  years. 
Married    in    March,    1834,    to    Polly    M. 
Powell,  who  was  born  in  Madison  Co.,  Ky.; 
twelve  children  by  this  union,  ten  living — 
Alvira  M.  (wife  of  J.   Hildreth),  Martha 
A.   (wife  of  Geo.   W.   Moore),    Rebecca, 
(wife  of  F.  Rockfeller),    Emeiine  (wife   of 
J.  W.  Darnall),    Celie  C.  (wife  of  B.  Ray- 
burn),    Volentine  B.,  Sarah  A.  (wife  of 
Wm.  Cooms),    Rachel  ( wife  of  C.  Morris), 
Keziah  (^ widow  of  L.  Rayburn)  and  Eady 
O. ;     lost    two — Hannah,  died    Sept.    23, 
1840,  James  T.  enlisted   in   Co.   K,  26th 
Illiuois    Infanti-y,   and   died   while  in  the 
service  March  10,  1862. 

NATHAN  0.  DARNALL,  farmer. 
Sec.  26;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;' born  in  Indian 
Grove  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  Dec.  18, 
1838,  his  father,  John  Darnall,  having 
settled  in  the  township  in  the  Spring  of 
1831  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  removed 
to  his  present  home  in  the  Fall  of  1867  ; 
owns  130  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,000. 
Served  as  Town  Clerk  in  1861.  Married, 
in  1866,  to  Miss  Nancy  R.  Moore,  who 
was  born  in  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county, 
March  26,  1840  ;  two  children  by  this 
union — Carrie  M.  and  Lurie  A. 


JAMES  W.   DARNALL.  farmer.  Sec. 
23 ;  P.    O.    Fairbury  ;     born    in    Indian 
Grove  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,   111.,   Feb.  24, 
1833,  and  is  probably  the  second   white 
person  born  in  this  county,  and   now  the 
oldest  living  native   born  of  the   county  ; 
his  lather,  John  Darnall,  first  came  to  the 
county  in  the  Fall  of  1830,  assisting  iu 
moving  his  brother  to   what  is  now  Belle 
Prairie  Tp.,  in  Oct.  of  that  year  ;  he  then 
returned  to  Kentucky,  his  native  State,  and 
in  the   Spring  of  1831,  returned  to  Illinois 
and  located  in  Indian  Grove  Tp.  ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  removed  to  his  present 
home  in   1868  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $6,000.     Has  served  as  Collector 
and  Commissioner  of  Highways,  one  term 
each,  also  as  Justice  of  the  Peace.     Mar- 
ried, in  1856,  to   Eliza  Hieronymus,  who, 
was  born  in  Tazewell  Co.,   111.,  May  20, 
1833,  died  in  1865;  six  children  by  this 
union,  four  living — Mary  A.,   Cynthia  E. 
(wife  of  William  Fry),    William  E.,  John 
H. ;  lost  two — Courtney   E.,   died  March 
4,  1868;  Nathan  0.,  died  Jan.  24,  1865; 
was  again  married  in  1S66,  to  Emma  Dar- 
nall, who  was  born   in   Madison  Co.,   Ky., 
May  4.  1846. 

JACOB  DAVIS,  farmer.  Sec.   31  ;  P. 
0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Clermont  Co.,  Ohio, 
Sept.   23,    1808;  removed  to   Indiana  iu 
childhood  with  his  father's  family,  who  set- 
tled in  Knox  Co.,  in  1817  ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  came  to  Illiniiis  in  the   Spring 
of  1851,  locating  in  Indian  Grove  Tp..  this 
county;  owns  167  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$6,000.     Married,  Dec.  29,  1832,  to  Miss 
Indiana  Veatch,  who  was  born  in  Harrison 
Co.,  Ind.,  July  16,  1814;  eleven  children 
by  this  union,  nine  (if  whom  are  living — 
Sarah  J.  (wife  of  William  Rudkin),    La- 
vina  (wife  of  J.  Burger),    Louisa  (wife  of 
J.  F.  Cooper),    Jasper  V.,  Martha   (wife 
of  S.  D.  Mecord),    Clarinda  (wife  of  C.  E. 
Smith),    Zachary  T.,  Lydia  and  Antinett ; 
lo.st    two — Lovicy,    died    Dec.    6,    1835  ; 
William  A.,  died  March  29,  1854. 

FRANKLIN  ELLIOTT,(Elliott  Bros.), 
dealers  in  dry  goods,  notions,  hats,  caps, 
boots,  shoes  and  groceries.  Fairbury,  IU. ; 
born  in  Knox  Co.,  Ohio,  May  16,  1835  ; 
removed  to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1854, 
locating  in  Lexington  Tp.,  McLean  Co..  and 
in  1862.  to  Forrest  Tp.,  this  county,  and 
engaged  in  farming ;  came  to  Fairbury,  his 
present  home,  in  1863  ;  in  1864.  erected  the 


INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


741 


first  brick  store  building  in  Fairbury  ;  re- 
moved to  Kausas  in  18G5,  where  he  re- 
sided until  1870,  then  returnini;-  to  Fair- 
bury  and  engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe 
trade;  in  1874,  his  stock  was  destroyed 
by  tire,  and  the  following  year  the  present 
firm  of  Elliott  Bros,  was  established  ;  owns 
lUO  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §3,200.  Mar- 
ried, in  1858,  to  Miss  Mary  M.  ])ale  ;  she 
was  l)orn  in  Indiana,  died  in  18G0  ;  was 
again  married  in  18G2  to  Virginia  H. 
Nelson ;  she  was  born  in  Philadel|ihia, 
Penn. ;  two  children — Antia  M.  and  Ralph 
N.  Mr.  E.  is  a  member  of  Tarbolton 
Lodge,  No.  351,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. 

JAMES  F.  EARNHEART,  agrieultur- 
al  implements,  Fairbury ;  born  in  Mt. 
Verntin,  Knox  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  1,  1834; 
removed  to  Indiana  in  early  childhood 
with  his  parents,  who  located  at  New 
Albany,  that  State,  in  1837.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  came  to  Illinois  in  September, 
1851,  locating  in  Indian  Grove  Township 
this  county  ;  owns  eighty  acres  of  land  in 
Iowa,  valued  at  $400.  Married  March  20, 
'1850,  to  Miss  Eady  C,  daughter  of  Fran- 
cis Moore;  she  was  born  in  Overton  Co., 
Tcnn.,  May  9,  1833;  eight  children  by 
this  union,  six  living — Cynthia  E.,  Mary 
0.,  John  F.,  Hattie  R.,  Leslie  R.  and 
Eady  D. ;  lost  two — James  E.,  died  March 
5,  1868;  Walter  A.,  Sept.  27,  1872.  Mr. 
Earnheart  enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I. 
Aug.  7,  1862,  and  remained  till  the  close 
of  the  war  ;  he  is  a  member  of  Tjivingston 
Lodge,  No.  290,  I.  0.  0.  F. 

FRANKLIN  M.  EADS,  fl.rmer,  Sec.  26; 
P.  O.  Fairbury ;  born  near  Jacksonville, 
Morgan  Co.,  111.,  Doc.  28, 1833,  where  he 
resided  until  1854,  when  he  removed  to 
^Yashburn,  Woodford  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
blacksmithing ;  in  1856,  he  removed  to 
Champaign  Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming  ; 
came  to  his  present  home  in  1867  ;  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000  ;  has 
served  as  School  Director  several  terms. 
Married  in  1857,  to  Esmwrelda  Patton, 
who  was  born  in  Virginia  Sept.  14,  1837, 
died  Oct.  24,  1868;  one  child  by  this  union 
— Willie.  A.,  who  died  in  1858;  was  again 
married  in  February,  1874,  to  ISlinerva 
Travis,  who  was  born  in  Livingston  Co., 
111. ;  she  died  in  February,  1877  ;  three 
children  by  second  marriage  ;  two  living 
— Dora  and  Lester;  Laura  died  in  1875. 
John    Eads,   father  of  the  subject    of  this 


sketch,  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Mor- 
gan Co.,  111. 

^  JOHN  ARTHUR  O'CONNELL  FAN- 
NING ;  P.  0.  Fairbury;  }»;LStor  of  the 
Church  of  St.  John  the  Baptist ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  July  4,  1844; 
in  early  childhood  he  was  brought  by  his 
mother  to  County  Cavan,  Ireland,  where 
he  remained  until  15  years  of  age,  having 
finished  his  English  education  under  the 
tutelage  of  his  uncle  and  aunt,  they  having 
chartic  of  the  school  in  that  place  ;  he  en- 
tered the  military  academy  at  Woolwich, 
Eng.,  and  from  there  he  went  to  Rome  in 
1859  ;  joined  the  Papal  army,  fought  under 
Lamoriciere,  Pimodan  and  O'Reilly  ;  was 
wounded  at  Castel  Fidardo,  and  on  re- 
covery from  his  wounds,  entered  the  Urban 
College  of  the  Propagation  of  the  Faith  at 
Rome ;  health  failing,  he  left  Rome  in 
1861,  at  the  close  of  his  classical  education, 
and  matriculated  the  same  year  at  the 
Catholic  University  of  Louvain,  Belgium  ; 
tliere  he  applied  himself  chiefly  to  the 
studies  of  philosophy  and  theology,  and 
took  his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity  in 
1866,  being  then  in  his  22d  year,  the  first 
young  man  who  was  graduated  at  that 
famed  institution  at  such  an  early  age ; 
after  passing  through  the  various  prepara- 
tory orders,  he  was  ordained  Priest  by  Car- 
dinal Stercks,  Primate  of  Belgium,  Aug. 
17,  1867,  and  arrived  in  Chicago  in  No- 
vember of  the  same  year,  where  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  position  of  First  Assistant  at 
the  Bishop's  Church  ;  in  July,  1868,  be  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  Pastor  at  Pon- 
tiac,  having  in  charge  the  missions  at  Fair- 
bury, Chatsworth,  Gilman,  Lodi,  Watseka 
and  other  minor  places ;  on  entering  this 
field  of  labor  he  transferred  his  headquar- 
ters to  Fairbury,  where  he  built  a  church, 
and  others  were  built  soon  after  at  Chats- 
worth,  Gilman,  Chenoa.  Lodi  and  Gibson 
City ;  under  his  ministrations  these  con- 
gregations have  so  increased  that  now  there 
are  four  priests  laboring  with  him  in  the 
field  which  he  traveh  d  over  unaided  and 
alone.  Father  Fanning  is  now  in  the  tenth 
year  of  his  pastorate,  but  contemplates 
seeking  a  new  country  where  he  intends  to 
found  a  colony. 

JAM1-:SF.  FRALEY,  physician,  Fair- 
bury, 111.  ;  born  in  Highland  Co.,  Ohio, 
Sept.  29,  1811,  where  he  resided  until  21 
years  of  age,  then  commenced    the   study 


742 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


of  medicine    at    Urbana,  Ind.,  with    Drs. 
Armington  and    Carter ;  commenced    the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Newtown,  Fountain 
Co.,  Ind.,  in  1837  ;  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Indiana  State   Legiskture  in  1860.     The 
Doctor  came  to  Illinois  first  in   1834,  and 
after   spending  some   three  years    in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  State,  returned  to  Indi-  j 
ana,  afterward  removing  his  family  to  Fair- 
bury,  his  present  home,  in  1862;  he  has  ', 
served  five  years  as  Supervisor  of  Indian  ! 
Grove  Township  ;  is  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  and  the  Town  Board.  Married 
in  1849,  to  Mrs.  Sarah  Duncan  (Grifiith), 
who  was  born  in  Montgomery  Co.,  Ohio  ; 
two    children,    one    living — Darwin     A. ; 
Sarah  Jane,  died  in  the  F^all  of  1862.  The 
Doctor  is  a  member   of  Tarbolton  Lodge, 
No.  351,  A.,  F.  &  A.  M. 

HORACE  M.  GILLETTE,  dealer  in 
grain  ;  Fairbury ;  born  in  Hartford  Co. , 
Conn.,  Aug.  13,  1832;  removed  to  Illinois 
in  1855,  locating  in  Chicago,  where  he 
remained  for  two  years,  then  removed  to 
Pontiac,  this  county ;  came  to  Fairbury, 
his  present  home,  in  1859,  and  engaged  in 
general  merchandising  and  grain  trade, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Remington  & 
Gillette.  Has  served  as  Supervisor  and 
Town  Trustee  for  several  terms.  Married 
in  1860,  to  Miss  Annette  J.  Harmon  ;  she 
was  born  in  Hartford  Co.,  Conn.  ;  died  in 
the  Fall  of  1869;  two  children  by  this 
union — Henry  R.  and  Julius  H.  ;  was 
again  married  Jan.  4,  1870,  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  Bryant;  she  was  born  in  Peru,  Ind.; 
they  have  three  children — Orelia,  Louisa 
and  Nellie.  Mr.  G.  is  a  charter  member 
of  the  following  Masonic  bodies  :  Tarbolton 
Lodge,  No.  351  ;  Fairbury  Chapter,  No. 
99  ;  and  St.  Paul  Commandery,  No.  34. 

JAMES  GIBB,  Superintendent  and 
Les^see  of  the  East  Coal  Shaft ;  Fairbury  ; 
born  in  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  March  24, 
1844;  came  to  this  country  in  1852,  locat- 
ing in  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pcnn.  ;  came  to 
Illinois  in  the  Fall  of  1859,  locating  in 
La  Salle,  where  he  remained  two  years, 
then  "removed  to  Fairbury,  his  present 
home,  and  engaged  in  coal  mining  ;  in  the 
Spring  of  1866  he  took  charge  of  the  East 
Coal  Shaft  as  Superintendent,  and  has 
operated  the  mine  since.  Married  in 
1855,  to  Miss  Ellen  Young  ;  she  was  born 
in  Lanarkshire,  Scotland  ;  children — Mary, 


H.,  Ella  H.,  Nettie  Y.,  Jane,  Walter 
S.  and  Masaie.  Mr.  G.  is  a  member  of 
Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351,  A.,  F  &  A.  M. 
JOHN  GARDNER,  Constable,  Fair- 
bury ;  born  at  Tollcross,  near  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, Sept.  14, 1838  ;  came  to  this  country  in 
July,  1868,  locating  at  Fairbury,  his  present 
home,  where  he  engaged  in  coal  mining, 
until  January,  1876,  there  meeting  with 
a  severe  accident  while  blasting,  disabling 
his  right  arm.  He  was  elected  Constable 
in  April,  1876,  and  re-elected  in  April, 
1877.  Married  in  June,  1863,  to  Miss 
Ann  Arbuckle,  who  was  born  near  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  Oct.  11,  1837  ;  six  children — 
Catharine,  Walter,  Nellie  B.,  James,  John 
and  Anni*^. 

WILLIAM  M.  GOSLING,  farmer, 
Sec.  24 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Green 
Co.,  Penn.,  Feb.  28,  1829,  where  he  re- 
sided until  the  Spring  of  1850,  when  he 
removed  to  Woodford  Co.,  111.,  locating  in 
Cazenovia  Tp.;  in  the  Spring  of  1860,  he 
removed  to  his  present- home  ;  owns  320 
acres  of  land.  He  served  as  School  Di- 
rector several  terms.  Married  in  1851,  to 
Miss  Jane  Pogue,  who  was  born  in  Greene 
Co  ,  Penn. ;  seven  children  by  this  union 
— Fannie,  Frank,  William,  Albert,  George, 
Eva  and  Lottie. 

EMERY  GREGG,  lumber,  Fairbury; 
born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Vt.,  Nov.  12,  1847; 
removed  to  the  State  of  New  York  in 
childhood  with  his  fiither's  family,  who 
settled  in  Livingston  Co.,  that  State,  and 
in  1865  removed  to  East  St.  Louis,  111.; 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  engaged  in  rail- 
road business  in  1865.  which  he  followed 
until  he  removed  to  Fairbury,  his  present 
home,  in  1869  ;  then  entering  the  Fair- 
bury Post  Office  as  cleik.  Received  the 
appointment  of  Postmaster  at  Fairbury  in 
1873,  and  held  the  office  till  July,  1878. 
Served  in  Co.  H,  9th  N.  Y.  Ca,v.,  from 
1863  until  close  of  war.  Married  in  1871, 
to  Miss  Minerva  Henderson,  who  was  born 
Franklin  Co.,  Ohio;  two  children  by  this 
union — Olin  H.  and  Gertrude.  Mr.  G.  is 
a  member  of  the  following  Masonic  bodies : 
Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351  ;  'Fairbury 
Chapter,  No.  99  ;  and  St.  Paul  Command- 
ery, No,  34. 

ALEXANDER  HARBISON,  archi- 
tect and  Superintendent,  Fairbury  ;  born  in 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  June  17,  1824;  removed 
to    Springfield,  Mass.,  in    1847,  and   two 


INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


743 


years  later  returned  to  his  native  State, 
locating  at  Harlem  ;  came  to  Illinois  in  the 
Fall  of  1852,  locating  at  Springfield  ;  in 
1855,  he  removed  to  Sullivan  Tp.,  this 
county,  and  was  the  fii-st  to  engage  in 
farming  in  that  township,  and  the  first  set- 
tler ;  also  served  as  the  first  Supervisor 
and  School  Treasurer,  which  offices  he  held 
up  to  the  time  he  removed  from  the  town- 
ship ;  came  to  Fairl)ury,  his  present  home, 
in  1865.  Married  in  1849,  to  Miss  Alice 
Young,  who  was  born  in  Auburn,  Mass. ; 
she  died  April  11,  1872  ;  four  children  by 
this  union,  all  deceased — Sarah,  died  Sept. 
17,  1851  ;  Alice,  Aug.  20,  1851  ;  Sarah, 
July  15,  1853;  Winthrop,  Aug.  4,  1854; 
was  again  maiTied  July  21,  1873,  to  Isa- 
belle,  diughter  of  J.  M.  Conkey,  of  New 
York,  and  widow  of  S.  B.  Cheesebrough ; 
she  has  six  children — Edwin  F.,  Sarah  Z. 
(wife  of  E.  Baker),  Augustus  B.,  Ella  J., 
Delia  M.  and  Willie  L. 

HENRY  HORNBECK.  farmer  and  i 
dealer  in  building  stone  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ; 
born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  4,  1831  ; 
removed  to  Illinois  in  September,  1857, 
locating  in  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county  ; 
owns  104  acres  of  farm  lands,  valued  at 
$4,000,  and  stone  quarry  property  valued  at 
$2,100.  Married  in  1854,  to  Sarah  Lewis ; 
she  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn.;  one 
child  by  this  union — Lydia  R.,  deceased ; 
was  again  married  in  January,  1878,  to 
Mrs.  Sarah  J.  Harrison  (Moore);  she  was 
born  in  this  township  March  4,  1842;  one 
child  by  this  union ;  Mrs.  H.  had  six 
children  by  first  husband,  five  living — 
Elizabeth  A.,  Richard  I.,  Rose  A.,  Benja- 
min A.  and  Lillie  ;  lost  one — Noah,  died 
in  1877. 

RICHARD  HANNA,  farmer ;  P.  0. 
Fairbury;  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn., 
Nov.  26,  1825,  but  removed  to  Westmore- 
land Co.,  in  that  State,  in  early  childhood, 
with  his  parents,  and  in  1843  to  Pittsburgh, 
Penn. ;  came  to  Illinois  in  the  Fall  of 
1850,  locating  in  Woodford;  removed  to 
this  county  in  1855,  locating  in  Belle 
Prairie  Tp.,  and  to  his  present  home  in 
1873  ;  owns  125  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$4,400.  Has  held  the  following  offices  in 
Belle  Prairie  Tp. :  Supervisor,  four  terms  ; 
Collector,  two  terms ;  Commissioner  of 
Highways,  two  terms ;  also  School  Trustee 
and  Director ;  is  now  one  of  the  School 
Directors  in  District  No.  8.     Married  in 


1861,  to  Eliza  Jane  Miller,  who  was  born 
in  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  June  1, 1839  ;  she  died 
Sept.  18,  1865  ;  two  children  by  this  union 
— Leslie  P. ;  Jesse  F.,  died  in  1865.  Was 
again  married,  in  1872,  to  Phebe  A.  Han- 
na,  who  was  born  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio, 
Jan.  16,  1849 ;  three  children  by  this 
union — Orestes  D.,  Edna  M.  and  Harold  A. 
THOMAS  A.  JONES,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Fairbury  ;  born  in  Bordentown,  N.  J.. 
Sept.  3,  1822  ;  removed  with  his  father's 
family  to  Illinois  in  September,  1837 ; 
their  first  settlement  was  in  what  is  now 
Forrest  Tp.,  this  county,  his  father  enter- 
ing the  land  on  which  the  village  of  For- 
rest now  stands.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  removed  to  Indian  Grove  Tp.  in 
1843,  and  engaged  in  farming,  and  in 
1861,  located  in  Fairbury,  where  he  was  ' 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  and  grain  busi- 
ness, which  he  continued  until  1876  ;  he 
has  a  farm  of  460  acres  in  Belle  Prairie 
Tp.,  valued  at  $16,000,  and  he  is  now  en- 
gaged in  the  cultivation  of  the  same.  Has 
served  ten  years  as  Town  Treasurer,  and 
Assessor  several  terms.  In  1845,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Minerva  A.  Darnall,  who 
was  born  in  Kentucky;  five  children  by 
this  union — Rachel  (wife  of  J.  H.  Phil- 
lips), Olive  (wife  of  John  S.  DeWolf ), 
Thomas  E.,  Iva,  and  Frank,  whose  death 
occurred  in  September,  1862. 

WILLIAM    H.    JOHNSON,   farmer. 
Sec.  5  ;  P.  O.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Windham 
Co.,  Vt.,   May   19,   1837,   which  was  his 
home  until  1857  ;  in  October  of  that  year, 
he  started  for  California  by  way   of  the 
Isthmus,  reaching  the  Pacific  coast  in  the 
following  month ;  after  a  residence  in  Cali- 
fornia of  some  seven  years,  he  returned  to 
the    States,  and  again  visited  the  Pacific 
,  coast  in  the  Spring  of  1865,  returning  in 
I  the  Fall  of  that  year  and  locating  at  Mcn- 
dota.  La  Salle  Co.,  111.  ;  came  to  this  county 
in  1866,  locating  in  Avoca  Tp.,  and  two 
years  later  removed  to  his  present  home; 
owns  185  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,800. 
Married,  in  1865,  to  Miss  Mattie  C.  Tyler, 
i  who  was  born  in  Bernardston,   Mass.,  in 
i   1844  ;  one  child— Effie  M.     Mr.  Johnson 
is  a    member   of  Livingston  Lodge,  No. 
;   290,  I.  0.  0.  F.  ;  also  Fairbury  Encamp- 
ment, No.  71. 

GEO.  W.  KRING,  manufacturer  of 
agricultural  implements,  Fairbury,  111. ; 
born  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  May  21,  1826 


744 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


where  he  resided  until  1856,  then  removed 
to  Illinois,  locating  in  Indian  Grove  Tp., 
this  county,  and  engaged  in  farming  ;  com- 
menced the  manufacture  of  farm   imple- 
ments in  1866.   Married,  in  1848,  to  Miss 
Ann  D.  Syps ;  she  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  Ohio  ;  four  children,  two  living — Mary 
E.  (wife  of  0.  F.  Avery),  Emma  J.  (wife 
of  M.  Shepherd) ;  Rachel  E.  and  John  M. 
died    in    1854.     Mr.   K.  is  a  member  of 
Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351,  A..  F.  &  A.  M. 
JAMES  KING,  Jr.,  lumber,  Fairbury ; 
born  in  London,  Eng.,  Dec.  31,  1840  ;  re- 
moved to  Canada  with  his  father's  family 
in  May,  1851 ,  and  four  years  later  to  Chi- 
cago, 111. ;  in  1859,  he  left  Chicago  with  a 
party  of  thirty-two,  for"  Pike's  Peak,  reach- 
ing  his   place   of    destination    in    safety, 
where  he  remained  until  1863,    then  re- 
turning to  Chicago ;  out  of  this  party  of 
thirty-two,  Mr.  K.  was  the  only  one  that 
remained  any  length  of  time  at  the  mines ; 
removed  to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  in 
1867,  and  engaged   in  the  lumber  trade. 
Has  served  as  member  of  the  Town  Board 
and  School  Director.  Married,  in  1869,  to 
Miss    Jennie    Wright;    she    was  born  in 
Ohio  ;  three  children — Cora,   Walter  and 
Frederick. 

SABIN  P.  KIMBALL,  drugs  and  med- 
icines, Fairbury,  111. ;  born  in  Windham  Co., 
\t.,  Jan.  27,  1827  ;  commenced  the  study 
of  medicine  in  1844,  graduating  at  Cas- 
tleton  xMedical  College,  Vt.,  in  1848,  and 
commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession 
the  same  year  at  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  H.  ;  in 
the  Fall  of  that  year,  he  embarked  on 
board  the  brig  Triumph  as  physician  and 
surgeon,  bound  for  California;  in  doubling 
Cape,  Horn,  they  met  with  severe  storms, 
which  occasioned  great  delay,  finally  reach- 
ing San  Francisco,  Cal.,  after  a  long  and 
tedious  voyage  of  seven  months ;  after  his 
return  from  the  Pacific  coast,  he  located  in 
Calhoun  Co.,  111.,  in  1851,  soon  removing 
to  Byron,  Ogle  County;  came  to  Fairbury, 
his  present  home,  in  1858,  following  the 
practice  of  medicine  some  twelve  years  in 
this  locality,  engaging  in  his  present  busi- 
nes_s  in  1868.  Married  Eliza  Gaston  in 
1856 ;  she  was  born  in  Genesee  Co., 
N.  Y. ;  died  June  21,  1871.  Was  again 
married,  in  November  of  that  year,  to  Gen- 
evieve Richards ;  she  was  born  in  La  Porte, 
Ind. ;  five  children  by  second  wife,  three 
living— Grace,  Fannie  and  Louise.     The 


Doctor  is  a  member  of  Tarbolton  Lod'>e 
No.  351,  A.,  F.  and  A.M. 

ARMENIUS    F.  KILBURY,    manu- 
facturer and  farmer ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio,   June   12,  1827,  but 
moved    to   Madison    County   when    quite 
young,  thence  to  Franklin  County  in  1847, 
and  two  years  later,  returned  to  Madison 
County  ;  in  1866,  he  removed  to  this  State, 
locating   in   Fairbury,  his    present   home, 
and  engaged  in  farming,  which  he  followed 
two  years;  owns  123  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $4,300.     Served  as  Justice  of  the 
Peace  four  years,  and  during  that  time  had 
the  good  fortune  to  have  all  of  his  decis- 
ions   sustained    in    cases    of    an    appeal. 
Married,  in  1847,  to  Miss  Gaynor  L.  Nor- 
ton, who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  near 
Philadelphia ;  nine   children,  seven  livin<>- 
— Mattie  J.,  wife  of  N.  Burger;  Ta.sie  A., 
wife   of  H.  Shovee;  Mary 'E.,  Sarah  S., 
Filmore,  Willimina  L.  and  George  Mc. ; 
lost  two — Hiram  L.  died  in  1853;  Elmira 
H.,   in  1873.      Mr.   K.   is  a  member  of 
Marshfield  Lodge,  393,  I.  0.  0.  F.  ;  St. 
Bernard    Lodge,  No.   29,   K.  of  P.,   and 
Fairbury  Lodge,  No.  271,  I.  0.  G.  T.   He 
enlisted   in  the  133d  Ohio   Inf  in  May, 
1 864  ;  mustered  out  in  September  of  same 
3fear. 

HENRY  KINGMAN,  hardware, stoves, 
tinware  and  agricultural  implements,  Fair- 
bury, 111. ;  born  in  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  May 
7,  1842 ;  at  the  age  of  17,  he  made 
the  overland  trip  to  California,  where  he 
remained  five  years,  returning  in  1864; 
followed  farming  from  1864  to  1868,  then 
engaged  in  business  at  Delavan,  111. ;  re- 
moved to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  in 
1874.  .  Mr.  K.  now  holds  the  following 
offices  :  Supervisor.  President  of  School 
Board,  Member  of  Town  Board,  Treasurer 
of  the  Corporation  and  one  of  the  Direct- 
ors of  the  Fairbury  L^nion  Agricultural 
Society.  Married,  in  1865,  to  Miss  Mary 
E.  Rickard  ;  she  was  born  in  Columbus, 
Ohio  ;  four  children — Ida  E.,  Carrol  B., 
Rosey  E.  and  Benjamin.  Mr.  Kingman 
is  a  member  of  the  following  Masonic 
bodies:  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351,  Fair- 
bury Chapter,  No.  99,  and  St.  Paul  Com- 
mandery,  No.  34. 

JOHN  KELSO,  farmerand  stock  raiser, 
Sec.  18 ;  P.O.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Switzerland 
Co.,  Ind.,  May  27,  1833,  but  removed  to 
Illinois  in  early  childhood  with  his  parents, 


INDIAN   GROVE   TOWNSHIP. 


745 


who  settled  in  Tazewell  County  in  April, 
1834  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  made 
this  county  his  home  till  the  S})ring  of  I 
1SG7.  when  he  removed  to  his  i)resent 
location  ;  owns  2-1:0  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  89,600.  Married,  in  18G1,  to  Miss 
Malissa  E.  A.  Messin<icr,  who  was  born  in 
Dillon,  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  March  ]  4, 1841 ; 
four  children  by  this  union — Elouise  M., 
Edgar  L.,  Sarah  L.  and  Dudley  F. 

I.  P.  McDowell,  President  First 
National  Bank,  Fairbury,  111.  ;  born  in 
Scioto  Co.,  Ohio,  August  17,  1824,  but 
moved  to  Indiana  in  early  childhood  with 
his  parents,  who  settled  in  Tippecanoe 
County  in  1828,  near  what  has  since  be- 
come the  flourishing  city  of  La  Fayette, 
then  quite  an  obscure  village  of  a  few^  log 
cabins,  with  but  two  small  stores  ;  the  flimily 
afterward  removed  to  Montgomery  County, 
that  State,  where  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  resided  until  the  Fall  of  1850.  In 
January  (16th),  1843.  Mr.  McDowell  had 
thtf  misfortune  to  lose  by  death  a  kind  and 
loving  father,  who,  in  his  last  moments, 
committed  to  his  special  keeping  the  care  i 
of  a  large  family,  mostly  boys,  of  whom  | 
he  was  the  oldest  ;  he  remained  with  and 
conducted  the  affairs  of  the  family  for  the 
succeeding  ten  years,  a  good  part  of  which 
time  was  spent  in  teaching,  his  brothers 
and  sisters  all  going  to  school  to  him.  In 
1850,  they  removed  to  Avoca,  Livingston 
Co.,  111.  ;  Mr.  McDowell,  had,  however,  \ 
prior  to  this,  spent  the  Winter  of  1845-6 
here  in  Avoca,  teaching  school ;  in  1854, 
he  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  at 
Pontiac,  under  the  firm  name  of  McGregor, 
Ladd  &  McDowell,  the  firm  having  erected 
a  building  for  the  purpose,  which  for 
several  years  was  the  largest  business  house 
in  the  county ;  about  two  years  later,  he 
returned  to  his  farm  ;  removed  to  Fairbury 
in  the  Spring  of  1864,  where  he  again 
engaged  in  mercantile  business  with  a 
brother,  under  the  firm  name  of  I.  P.  & 
N.  S.  McDowell;  in  April,  1872,  he  ob- 
tained a  charter  for  and  assisted  in  organ- 
izing the  First  National  Bank  of  Fairbury, 
of  which  he  was  elected  President,  and 
which  position  he  has  since  held  ;  owns 
several  good  farms  in  the  county  ;  also 
lands  in  Iowa,  Nebraska  and  Kansas. 
Married  June  10,  1855,  to  Miss  Jane 
Russell,  who  was  born  in  Pickaway  Co., 
Ohio ;  ha.s  five  children — Thomas  S.   0., 


Elmer  E.,  John  V.,  Eva  and  Lura ;  the 
oldest,  Lillian,  born  IMay  6,' 1856,  died  in 
1857. 

WOODFORD  G.  McDOWELL,  at- 
torney at  law  and  dealer  in  real'  estate, 
Fairbury;  born  in  Scioto  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb. 
3,  1818,  but  removed  to  Indiana  in  child- 
hood, with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  Tip- 
pecanoe Co.,  that  State,  in  1828  ;  in  18."^2, 
he  came  with  his  father  and  uncle  and 
brother  James,  to  Illinois,  arriving  in  what 
is  now  Avoca  Tp.,  this  county.  May  2  ; 
here  they  planted  some  corn  and  com- 
menced other  preparations  lor  a  home ;  but 
on  account  of  the  Indian  troubles  (  Black 
Hawk  war)  they  returned  to  their  homes 
in  Indiana  the  same  month,  where  they 
remained  until  the  following  November, 
then  returning  with  his  father's  family  to 
their  former  possessions  in  this  State,  where 
they  began  pioneer  life,  which  is  more 
fully  set  forth  in  the  history  of  Avoca  Tp. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  appointed 
Master  in  Chancery  by  Judge  T.  Lyle 
Dickey  in  1844;  elected  Judge  of  the 
County  Court  in  1859  ;  served  for  fourteen 
years  as  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  owing 
(as  the  Judge  says)  to  good  luck,  he  was 
sustained,  during  this  period,  in  all  of  his 
decisions  in  cases  of  appeal ;  has  also  held 
other  minor  offices ;  owns  320  acres  of  land  in 
this  county,  valued  at  $14,400,  and  2,000 
acres  in  Nebraska,  valued  at  $20,000. 
His  first  marriage  was  in  1842,  to  Eliza- 
beth Lane  ;  she  was  born  near  Danville, 
111.,  died  in  October,  1866  ;  eight  children 
by  this  union,  only  three  of  whom  are 
living — Sarah  L.  (wife  of  L.  G,  Champlin, 
of  Fairbury,  Neb.),  Eliza  J.  (wife  of  O. 
H.  Phillips,  of  St.  Joe,  Mo.),  and  Mary 
C. ;  lost  five — Nancy  A.,  died  Sept.  24, 
1845  ;  Willis  P.,  Aug.  15.  1849  ;  Eliza- 
beth K.,  Oct.  29,  1851  ;  Orpha  A.  L., 
Oct.  28,  1854;  Alice  E.,  Aug.  9,  1857. 
Was  again  married  in  1867,  to  iVIarion  L.  ' 
Stone,  who  was  born  in  Maryland,  near 
Washington  City  ;  sh»died  in  1874;  his 
marriage  to  his  present  wife,  Anna  C. 
Mitchell,  took  place  in  November  of  that 
year  ;  her  birth-place  was  Scioto  Co.,  Ohio. 

JAMES  McDowell,  retired  farmer ;  ^ 
P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Scioto  Co.,  Ohio, 
Sept.  21,  1815;  in  1828,  he  removed  with 
his  father's  family  to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind., 
and  four  years  later,  he  came  with  his 
father,  uncle  and    brother  to  Avoca  Tp,, 


746 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


this  county,  where  they  built  a  log  cabin 
and  planted  some  corn,  thus  commencing 
pioneer  life,  a  more  extended  account  of 
which  will  be  given  in  the  history  of  that 
township  ;  in  consequence  of  the  Indian 
troubles  at  that  time,  they  returned  to  In- 
diana, where  they  remained  until  the  fol- 
lowing November  (1832),  then  returned  to 
this  State  and  took  possession  of  their 
claims  made  in  the  Spring.  Mr.  McDow- 
ell was  a  resident  of  Avoca  Tp.  for  more 
than  forty-three  years,  and  is  quite  familiar 
with  its  history,  having  served  as  Treas- 
urer over  thirty  years,  Supervisor  several 
terms,  and  Postmaster  at  Avoca  from 
twelve  to  fifteen  years ;  removed  to  Fair- 
bury,  his  present  home,  in  1875.  Owns 
2,0U0    acres    of    land,    valued    at 


some 


S70,U00,  and  city  property  valued  at 
$8,000.  Married  in  1845,  to  Miss  Fran- 
ces Wilson,  who  Wi.s  born  in  Greene  Co., 
Ind.;  five  children  by  this  union — Jason 
L ,  John  W.,  Sarah  I.  (wife  of  H.  J. 
Ramsey),  Grant  Y.  and  Lillie  E. 

OLIVER  P.  McDowell,  hardware, 
stoves,  tinware  and  agricultural  implements, 
Fairbury ;  born  in  Scioto  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb. 
7,  1827,  but  removed  to  Indiana  in  early 
childhood  with  his  parents,  who  settled  in 
Tippecanoe  Co.  in  1828;  afterward  re- 
moving to  Montgomery  Co.,  that  State, 
where  the  subject  of  this  sketch  resided 
until  his  removal  to  Avoca  Tp.,  this  coun- 
ty, in  the  Fall  of  1850;  he  engaged  in 
farming,  which  occupation  he  followed  for 
several  years  ;  removed  to  Fairbury,  his 
present  home,  in  the  Spring  of  1865  ; 
owns  700  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $35,000. 
In  1853,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emily 
M.  Myer,  who  was  born  in  Maryland 
March  25,  1832  ;  seven  children  by  this 
union — Osmer  N.,  born  March  7,  1854; 
Laura  C.  (wife  of  T.  K.  Blain),  Sept.  27, 
1856  ;  Emma,  Oct.  13,  1858  ;  Joseph  E. 
L.,  Jan.  26,  1863  ;  Adda  E..  Oct.  27, 
1864  ;  Charles  P.,  Aug.  5,  1867  ;  Luella, 
March  7,  1870. 

THOMAS  G.  Mcdowell,  retired 
farmer ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Scioto 
Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  1,  1806,  where  he  resided 
until  1822,  then  removing  to  what  is  now 
West  Virginia^  and  engaged  in  the  manufac- 
ture of  salt.  Was  married,  in  1 835,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  C.  Keeney ;  she  was  born  in 
Greenbrier  Co.,  Va.,  June  13,  1807 ;  they 
have     seven    children    living — Ann     E., 


Franklin  C,  Moses  K..  Sarah  F.  (wife  of 
J.  M.  Zook),  Mary  V.  (wife  of  D.  R. 
Morgan),  Martha  E.  (wife  of  Thomas 
Brownlee),  and  Carrie  E.  In  1836,  he 
removed  to  Indiana,  locating  in  Montgom- 
ery Co.,  and  engaged  in  farming ;  removed 
to  Illinois  in  the  Fall  of  1848,  reachina; 
his  place  of  destination,  Avoca  Tp.,  this 
county,  Nov.  1. 

THOMAS  McKEIRNAN,  Sr.,  engi- 
neer  at  the  East  Coal  Shaft,  Fairbury  ;  born 
in  New  York  City  in  July,  1832  ;  removed 
to  Trenton,  N.  J.,  in  childhood,  thence  to 
Pennsylvania;  in  1854  he  removed  to 
North  Carolina,  and  engaged  in  coal  mining, 
which  he  continued  until  1867,  then  remov- 
ing to  Illinois,  locating  at  Pontiac.  this 
county ;  the  following  year  he  purchased 
a  farm  in  Charlotte  Township,  and  engaged 
in  farming,  which  he  followed  for  two  yeur-^, 
then  removed  to  Fairbury  his  present  home ; 
owns  eighty  acres  ofland,  valued  at  S-,800. 
Married  in  1851,  to  Bridget  McCaffrie; 
she  was  born  in  Ireland;  died  in  1872; 
his  second  marriage  was  in  1874,  to  Eliza- 
beth McLochlin  ;  she  was  born  in  Ireland  ; 
there  were  ten  children  by  the  first  union, 
eight  living — James,  William,  Mary  A., 
Agnes  C,  John,  Thomas  Jr.,  Edward  and 
Frances  ;  lost  two — Terry,  died  in  1 868  ; 
Bridget  in  1860.  Mr.  McKeirnan  is 
President  of  the  I.  C.  B.  U. 

ISAM  MOORE,  farmer.  Sec.  21  ;  P. 
0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Rutherford  Co.,  N. 
C,  June  18,  1818  ;  his  father's  family 
removed  to  Overton  Co.,  Tenn.,  the  year  of 
his  birth,  where  they  resided  until  1834, 
removing  to  Illinois  in  the  Fall  of  that  year, 
locating  in  Indian  Grove 'Township,  this 
county  ;  two  of  his  brothers  having  settled 
here  prior  to  this  date  ;  owns  ninety  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  S4,000.  Mr.  Moore  has  held 
the  following  offices  :  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
fourteen  years  ;  Constable,  six  years  ;  School 
Trustee,  twenty  years  ;  Assessor  and  Col- 
lector, one  term  each.  Married  in  1840, 
to  Miss  Polly  Spence  ;  she  was  born  in 
Madison  Co.,  Ky. ;  four  children  by  this 
union — James  I.,  Sarah  J.,  wife  of  H. 
Hornbeck  ;  Susanna  K.,  wife  of  H.  Hud- 
son ;  and  John  H 

RICHARD  MOORE,  farmer.  Sec.  28; 
P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Rutherford  Co., 
N.  C,  May  31,  1810,  but  removed  to 
Overton  Co.,  Tenn.,  in  early  childhood,  with 
his  parents,  where  he  resided  until  1830; 


INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


747 


the  subject  of  this  sketch  came  to  Illinois 
in  October,  1830,  and  in  April,  1832, 
located  in  Indian  Grove  Township,  this 
county  ;  served  in  the  capacity  of  teamster 
during  the  Black  Hawk  war,  haulint;'  pro- 
visions with  ox  teams  from  Ottawa  and  Peru ; 
owns  185  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000. 
Married  in  1828,  to  Perlina  Phillips,  who 
was  born  in  Alabama,  April  25,  1810  ; 
eleven  children  by  this  union,  nine  living 
— Elizabeth  S.,  widow  of  M.  Moore  ;  Jane 
S.,  wife  of  John  Spence  ;  Jonathan  G., 
Sarah  A.  Jj.,  wife  of  P.  Fisher  ;  Nancy  R., 
wife  of  N.  0.  Darnall;  Martha  C,  wife  of 
S.  L.  Conine  ;  Hannah  A.,  widow  of  K. 
Spence ;  James  K.  and  John  M.  ;  lost  two 
— Malinda  E.,  died  July  19,  1871. 

DAVID  L.  MURDOCK  (Murdock  & 
Clark),  attorneys  at  law,  insurance  and  col- 
lecting agents,  Fairbury,  111.  The  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Butler  Co., 
Ohio,  Nov.  19,  1836 ;  removed  to  Dear- 
born Co.,  Ind.,  in  early  childhood,  with  his 
parents  ;  at  the  age  of  18  he  removed  to 
Hennepin,  Putnam  Co.,  111.,  where  he 
engaged  in  farming,  spending  the  winter 
season  in  teaching  ;  removed  to  this  county 
in  1859,  locating  in  Nebraska  Township  ; 
enlisted  in  the  T7th  I.  V.  I.  in  18(52,  serv- 
ing until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  serv- 
ice in  1865,  and  on  his  return  from  the 
army,  located  at  Pontiac  and  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business;  in  1869,  he  entered 
the  law  office  of  Pillsbury  &  Lawrence, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  State 
in  1870,  removing  to  Fairbury,  his  present 
borne,  the  same  year  ;  owns  eighty-five 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $2,200,  and  city 
property  valued  at  $5,000.  Elected  to 
the  office  of  State's  Attorney  in  1876, 
and  is  the  present  incumbent ;  has  also  held 
other  minor  offices.  Married  in  1860,  to 
Miss  Mary  E.  Pillsbury,  who  was  born  in 
York  Co.,  Maine;  three  children — Stephen 
D.,  Clarence  J.  and  R.  Ida.  Mr.  M.  is 
a  member  of  Livingston  Lodge,  No.  290, 
L  0.  0.  F. ;  also  a  member  of  the  Grand 
Lodge  of  the  State  of  Illinois. 

SAMUEL  D.  MECORD,  farmer  and 
dealer  in  building  stone  and  sand.  Sec.  16  ; 
P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Lancaster  Co., 
Penn.,  Aug.  26,  1828  ;  removed  with  his 
father's  family  to  Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  in 
1838,  where  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
resided  until  November,  1858,  when  he 
removed  to  Illinois,  locating  at  Blooming- 


ton,  McLean  Co.  ;  came  to  his  present  home 
in  1873  ;  owns  103  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $5,150.  Married  in  1865,  to  Miss 
Martha  Davis,  who  was  born  in  Indiana  ; 
six  children  by  this  union,  four  living — 
Antinette,  Louisa,  Elwin  and  Jennevieve  ; 
Harry  died  in  1875. 

AUGUSTUS  H.  MUNDT,  watchmaker 
and  jeweler,  Fairbury,  111.;  born  in  Brem- 
en, Germany,  Aug.  5,  18-17  ;  came  to  this 
country  in  the  early  part  of  1861,  for  the 
purpose  of  visiting  relatives  ;  after  spend- 
ing a  few  months  in  New  York  City,  Bos- 
ton and  other  Ea.stern  cities,  he  went  to 
Peoria,  111.,  where  he  remained  until  1863, 
then  enlisting  in  the  11th  111.  Cav.,  al- 
though he  was  then  but  1 6  years  of  age  ; 
atthe  close  of  the  year  1864, he  was  severely 
wounded,  and  on  the  1st  day  of  Jan.,  1865, 
taken  prisoner,  remaining  in  the  hands  of 
the  enemy  until  Lee's  surrender.  On  his 
return  from  the  army  he  located  in  Peoria, 
where  he  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  M. 
Story,  in  1871  ;  they  have  one  child — 
Flora  G.  Removed  to  Fairbury,  his  pres- 
ent home,  in  1868,  and  engaged  in  his  pre.s- 
ent  business  in  Nov.,  1869.  Mr.  M.  is  a 
member  of  Tarbolton  Lod^e,  No.  351,  A., 
F.  &  A.  M.,  and  Marshfield  Lodge,  No. 
393,  I.  0.  0.  F. 

ANDREW  L.  McKEE,  farmer.  Sec. 
20;  P.  0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Penn.,  Nov.  22,  1850  ;  removed  to  Illinois 
in  early  childhood  with  his  parents,  who 
settled  in  Putnam  Co.,  near  Hennepin ;  in 
the  Fall  of  1852,  they  removed  to  Indian 
Grove  Tp.,  this  county.  In  1876,  he  was 
married  to  Miss  Florence  L.  Crouch,  who 
has  born  in  this  township. 

JAMES  H.  ODELL,  farmer,  Sec.  9; 
P.  0.  Fairbury :  born  in  New  York  City, 
Nov.  23,  1825,  but  on  account  of  the  fail- 
ing health  of  his  father,  the  family  removed 
to  Chautauqua  Co.,  that  State,  where  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  resided  about  twenty- 
five  years  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  1862,  lo- 
cating in  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county ; 
owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $15,000. 
Married  in  18-1:8,  to  Miss  Mary  Straio'ht 
who  was  born  in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.  • 
seven  children  by  this  union,  six  of  whom 
are  living-rLevi  J.,  Jerome  A.,  Charles 
H.,  Frank  E.,  Lucina  M.  and  Philena  E 

ANDREW  B.  PHILIPS,  farmer, 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Overton 
Co.,  Tenn.,  Nov.  17,  1806;    removed  to 

9 


748 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1830,  stopping  in  I 
Fayette  Co.  till  March,  1832  ;  then  re- 
moved to  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county  ;  I 
there  were  two  other  families  in  the  town- 
ship, who  came  the  year  before,  but  left 
when  the  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out,  and 
did  not  return.  His  son,  John  R.,  who 
was  born  on  the  9th  of  the  following  May, 
was  the  first  white  child  born  in  Livingston 
Co.  Owns  210  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$6,300.  Served  as  Deputy  Sheriffin  1850, 
and  Constable  some  fourteen  years.  Mar- 
ried in  1827  to  Miss  Lydia  Raney,  who 
was  born  in  Overton  Co.,  Tenn.,  Nov.  15, 
1806  ;  nine  children  by  this  union,  five 
living — Elizabeth  A.  (wife  of  Thomas 
Davis),  William  G-.,  James  S.,  Andrew  J. 
and  Nancy  S. ;  lost  four — Zurilda  J.,  died 
May  18,  1841 ;  Leah  D.,  Dec.  15,  1842  ; 
Pulina  S.,  March  4,  1865  ;  John  R.,  who 
enlisted  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  died  while 
in  the  army,  at  Tullahoma,  Tenn.,  March 
17,  1865. 

DAN.  R.  POTTER,  farmer  and  breeder 
of  fine  stock.  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ; 
born  in  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  Sept.  8,  1834 ; 
removed  to  Mt.  Holley,  Rutland  Co.,  in 
1847,  and  three  years  later  to  Boston, 
Mass.;  in  the  Spring  of  1858,  he  came  to 
Illinois,  locating  in  Indian  Grove  Tp., 
where  he  engaged  in  farming ;  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  §4,000.  Has  held 
the  ofiices  of  School  Director  and  Path- 
master.  Married  in  March,  I860,  to  Miss 
Hannah  C.  Mitchell,  who  was  born  in 
Franklin  Co.,  Ohio  ;  seven  children  by  this 
union,  six  living — Frank  E.,  William  J., 
Charles  A.,  Harry  E.,  Cora  E.,  Lee  E; 
lost  one — Daniel  A.,  died  Sept.  23,  1866. 

PERRY  M.  POTTER,  farmer.  Sec. 
14 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Windsor 
Co.,  Vt.,  Dec.  11,  1835;  removed  to  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  in  1850,  where  he  resided  until 
1855  ;  then  went  on  board  a  whaling  ship, 
and  during  the  two  years  following  visited 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean, 
China,  Australia,  passing  by  way  of  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  thence  to  California,  reach- 
ing San  Francisco  in  July,  1857,  and  four 
years  later  returned  by  ship  to  New  York 
City;  came  to  Illinois  in  1861,  locating  in 
Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county;  engaged  in 
farming  ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
§8,000.  Has  held  minor  township  offices. 
Married  in  1866  to  Miss  Elizabeth  Van 
Arsdale,  who  was  born  in  Utica,  N.  Y.  ; 


six  children — Elva  E.,  Charles  P.,  Eunice 
A.,  Dean  H.,  Mary  I.  and  Kirk. 

SAMUEL  S.  ROGERS,  proprietor  Fair- 
bury House,  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Clinton  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Feb.  8,  1821  ;  removed  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  with  his  father's  family,  in  1827  ; 
thence  to  Augusta,  Me.,  in  1841  ;  came  to 
Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1860,  locating  at 
Fairbury,  his  present  home.  Has  served  as 
School  Trustee  since  1868.  Married  in 
1850  to  Miss  Mariah  L.  Lancaster ;  she 
was  born  in  Augusta,  Me.  ;  died  in  1870  ; 
two  children — Henry  H.,  who  is  now  in 
the  U.  S.  Navy,  on  board  the  steamer  Pen- 
sacola,  and  Mabel.  Was  again  married, 
March  26,  1872,  to  Mrs.  Carrie  A.  Mat- 
toon  (Straight)  ;  she  was  born  in  Chau- 
tauqua Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  18, 1836  ;  she  has 
two  children — Frank  G.  and  Mary. 

RUFUS  C.  STRAIGHT,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  bora 
in  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  1835  ; 
removed  to  Illinois  in  1854,  locating  near 
Plainfield,  Will  Co.,  and  two  years  later 
went  to  Minnesota,  where  he  remained 
until  1857,  then  returning  to  IlHnois  and 
locating  in  Indian  Grove  Tp.  in  the  Fall 
of  that  year ;  owns  320  acres  of  land,  val- 
ued at  $14,400.  Married  in  1859  to  Miss 
Francina  R.  Abbey,  who  was  born  in  Erie 
Co.,  Penn,  May  28, 1837  ;  they  have  seven 
children — Willis  A.,  born  Aug.  5,  1859 ; 
Lee  S.,  Dec.  22,  1860;  Lizzie,  Dec.  11, 
1862  ;  Nellie  B.,  Sept.  16,  1864  ;  Guy  H., 
July  29,  1868;  Stella  G.,  Feb.  19,  1870; 
Lyle  P.,  Feb.  28, 1877  ;  lost  one— Ray  C, 
born  July  22,  1872,  died  Feb.  6,  1873. 
Mr.  S.  is  a  member  of  the  present  School 
Board. 

WILLIAM  T.  STACKPOLE,  real 
estate,  Fairbury ;  born  in  Thomaston, 
Lincoln  Co.,  Me.,  Dec.  18,  1827,  but  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  early  childhood,  with 
his  parents,  who  settled  in  Tazewell  Co., 
in  the  early  Fall  of  1832,  where  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  resided  until  1849  ;  in 
the  Spring  of  that  year  he  started  for  the 
gold  fields  of  California,  leaving  his 
brothers  home  in  Pike  Co.,  April  4th,  the 
party  reaching  the  western  slope  of  the 
Sierra  Nevadas  on  the  8th  day  of  Sep- 
tember;  he  returned  to  Pekin,  111.,  in 
March,  1851,  where  he  built  a  warehouse 
and  engaged  in  the  produce  business  the 
following  Fall,  afterward  connecting  with 
I  it  lumber  and  boating;    subsequently  he 


INDIAN   GROVE   TOWNSHIP. 


749 


opened  a  coal  mine  ;  also  improved  a  fruit 
farm  of  about  3,(t00  trees,  in  Peoria  Co., 
opposite  Pekin  ;  this  property  i.><  now  known 
as  Orchard  Mines  ;  in  185o,  he  purchased 
a  large  tract  of  land  in  what  is  now  An- 
chor Tp.,  McLean  Co. ;  and  two  years  later 
commenced  improving  the  same,  being  the 
pioneer  in  that  township.  Mr.  S.  has 
taken  an  active  interest  in  inland  navi<ra- 
tion  in  this  country,  having  written  many 
articles  for  the  press  on  this  important 
subject,  and  at  the  meeting  of  the  Corpo- 
rators of  the  Illinois  River  Improvement 
Company,  held  at  St.  Louis  March  18, 
1857,  he  was  the  first  to  call  the  attention 
of  that  body  to  the  fixct  that  the  charter 
of  said  company  Avas  not  in  conformity 
to  the  compact  of  1787  ;  removed  to  Fair- 
bury,  his  present  home,  in  October,  1861. 
Married  in  1856,  to  Miss  Jennie  S.  Har- 
low, who  was  born  in  Watertown,  N.  Y.; 
four  children  by  this  union,  one  living — 
Anna  S. ;  lost  three — Willie  G.,  died  Sept. 
15,  1867  ;  Mary  L.,  Nov.  15,  1870  ;  Isa- 
bella E.,  Oct.  7,  1871. 

JOHN  S.  SCIBIRD,  editor  and  pro- 
prietor of  the  Independent-Blade,  Fair- 
bury;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  May  6,  1830,  but 
removed   to   Eaton,  Preble   Co.,  Ohio,  in 
early  childhood,  with  his  parents  ;  came  to 
Illinois  in  1856,  locating  in  Bloomington, 
McLean    Co.,  where   he  engaged   in   the 
photograph   business.      In   the  Spring  of 
1868,  Messrs.  Scibird  &  Waters  purchased 
the  Bloomington    Pantograph    and    con- 
tinued the  publication  of  that  paper  until 
the  following  Fall,  then  disposing  of  their 
interest  and   purchasing  the  Bloomington 
Journal,  changing  the  name  to  Blooming- 
ton Leader,  and  soon  after  starting  a  daily 
edition  ;    the  Leader  was  sold  to  a  stock 
company  in  1871,  Mr.  S.  still  retaining  an 
interest  in  the  paper  until  1875,  then  dis- 
posing of  his  stock  and  severing  his  con- 
nection  with   the   Leader.     In    1869,   he 
was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Bloomington, 
111.,  and   held  the  office  four  years.     Mar- 
ried in  December,  1850,  to  Miss  Lydia  A. 
Underwood,  who  was  born  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Ohio,  Dec.  21,  1830  ;  eight  children 
by  this  union,  seven  living — Ollie  O.,  Ed- 
gar A.,  George  A  ,  Cora  L.,  Hattic  B., 
Frank  D.  and  Walter  I. ;  Frances  M.  died 
in  1862,     Mr.  Scibird  came  to  Fairbury, 
his  present  home,  in  December,  1876,  and  j 


'   took  charge  of  the  Fairbury  Independent ; 
afterwanl      purchasing      the      Livingston 

I    County  Blade  and  consolidating  the  two 

I  under  the   name   of   the  present  popular 
paper,  the  Independent  Blade. 

I  JOHN  D.  SPENCE,  farmer.  Sec.  34 ;  P. 
0.  F&irbury;  born  in  Madison  Co.,  Ky.,  July 
12,  1830  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  early 
childhood  with  his  parents,  who  settled 
in  Indian  Grove  Tp.,  this  county,  in  Octo- 
ber, 1833,  there  being  only  three  other 
families  in  the  township  at  that  time.  Mr. 
S.  has  held  the  office  of  School  Director 
in  District  No.  8  for  some  twelve  to  fiftec  n 
years.  Owns  176  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  $6,000.  Married  in  1853,  to  Miss 
Serepta  J.  Moore,  who  was  born  in  this 
township  June  25,  1833;  nine  children 
by  this  union,  seven  living — Elchana, 
Castilla  M.,  Varina,  Almeda,  Maggie, 
William  and  Lucretia ;  lost  two — Mary 
A.,  died  September  2,  1876;  Paulina  in 
1855. 

DAVID  THORNTON,  proprietor  of 
the  Central  House,  Fairbury;  born  in 
Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  Nov.  13,  1850; 
removed  to  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in 
early  childhood,  and  thence  to  Wisconsin ; 
came  to  Illinois  in  1864,  locating  iu  Mar- 
shall Co.;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in 
1869,  locating  in  Owego  Tp.,  and  engaged 
in  farming;  removed  to  Fairbury,  his 
present  home,  in  1875;  was  engaged  in 
railroad  business  several  years,  serving  three 
years  in  capacity  of  Conductor  and  Baggage 
Ma^ster  on  the  C.  &  P.  R.  R.  Married  in 
1877,  to  Miss  Annie  Carroll,  who  was  born 
in  La  Salle  Co.,  111. 

WILLIAM  H.  TAYLOR,  dry  goods, 
notions,  boot  and  shoes,  hats,  caps,  car})ets, 
oil-cloths  and  groceries,  Fairbury,  111. ;  born 
in  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  10,  1840; 
removed  to  Amsterdam,  Montgomery 
County,  J^.  1,  1867,  where  he  engaged 
in  mercantile  business,  but  removed  to 
Herkimer,  Herkimer  County,  the  same 
year;  came  to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of 
1869,  locating  at  Fairbury,  his  pnSent 
home,  and  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  busi- 
ness under  the  firm  name  of  Taylor  Bros, 
which  continued  until  January,  1877 
Oscar  and  Proctor  Taylor  then  retiring 
from  the  firm.  Married  in  1871  to  Miss 
Angerona  Wheeler ;  she  was  born  in  On- 
tario Co.,  N.  Y. ;  one  child  by  this  union 
— Gertrude. 


750 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


DECATUR  VEATCH  (deceased),  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  O.  Fairbury  ;  Mr.  Veatch  was  born 
in  Harrison  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  19,  1819; 
removed  to  Illinois  in  1834,  locating  in 
McLean  County ;  he  removed  to  this  county  i 
in  1846,  locating  in  Indian  Grove  Town- 
ship, where  he  resided  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  which  occurred  June  3,  1873 ;  [ 
in  1849,  he  built  the  first  saw-mill  erected 
in  Indian  Grove.  His  marriage  to  Miss 
Matilda  R.  Smith  was  in  1 845  ;  she  was  j 
born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ky.,  Feb.  27,  1827,  [ 
removing  to  Illinois  in  an  early  day,  her 
father,  Robert  Smith,  being  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Morgan  Co.,  this  State  ; 
he  removed  to  this  county  in  1836,  and 
the  following  year  built  the  first  grist-mill 
erected  in  Indian  Grove ;  he  removed  to 
Peoria,  HI.,  some  years  prior  to  his  death, 
which  occurred  in  1867.  The  property  now 
consists  of  500  acres  of  land  in  this  and  Mc- 
Lean Counties,  valued  at  $20,000.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  children  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Veatch — Cyrus  A.  (now  mail 
route  agent  on  the  C.  &  P.  R.  R.),  Milton 
C,  Sarah  L.  (wife  of  0.  S.  Westervelt), 
A.  Smith,  Mary  E.,  Anson  B.,  Lincoln 
C,  Owen  L.,  William  S.,  Frank  C.  and 
Fannie  D. 

JOHN  VIRGIN,  dealer  in  French 
horses,  Fairbury;  born  in  Tippecanoe  Co., 
Ind.,  Aug.  10,  1838 ;  removed  to  Illinois 
in  the  Fall  of  1855,  locating  in  Eppard's 
Point  Township,  this  county.  Served  as 
Orderly  Sergeant  of  Co.  K,  3d  111.  Cav., 
from  August,  1861,  to  August,  1864. 
After  his  return  from  the  army,  he  engaged 
in  farming  in  Avoca  Township,  removing 
to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  in  the 
Spring  of  1 868.  Owns  300  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $3,000,  and  city  property  valued 
at  $2,000.  Married  in  the  Spring  of 
1865  to  Miss  Serepta  J.  McDowell ;  she 
was  born  in  Avoca  Township,  this  county. 
Mr.  V.  is  President  of  the  Fairbury  Union 
Agricultural  Society,  and  has  filled  that 
position  since  the  date  of  its  organization. 
He  was  appointed  Postmaster  at  Fairbury, 
May  17,  1878. 

JAMES  M.  WRIGHT,  Deputy  Sheriff, 
Fairbury;  was  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn., 
Oct.  3,  1844 ;  when  about  8  years  of  age, 
he  came  with  his  father  to  Bloomington, 
111.,  where  he  lived  until  the  beginning  of 
the  rebellion.  In  the  Spring  of  1862,  he 
enlisted  in  the  1st  111.  Cavalry,  and  after 


about  nine  months'  service  was  discharged  ' 
with  the  regiment,  and  then  re-enlisted  in 
the  16th  111.  Cav.  as  a  Sergeant  of  Co.  M  ; 
served  until  August,  1865 ;  took  part  in 
the  siege  of  Nashville  and  of  Knoxville, 
and  was  taken  prisoner  at  Jonesville,  Va., 
Jan.  3,  1864 ;  after  remaining  a  prisoner 
eleven  months  at  Lynchburg,  Libby  Prison, 
Belle  Isle,  Andersonville  and  Milan,  Ga., 
was  exchanged  in  November,  1864;  he 
was  a  witness  during  the  trial  of  Wirz,  the 
keeper  of  Andersonville  Prison.  On  his 
return,  he  came  to  Fairbury,  where  he 
has  resided  ever  since.  After  spending 
several  years  in  the  employ  of  the  T.  P. 
&  W.  R.  R.  Co.  and  two  years  as  clerk  in 
a  drug  store,  he  was  appointed  Deputy 
Sheriff  under  Sheriff  Robinson  in  1872, 
and  has  held  that  position  ever  since.  He 
was  married  in  January,  1865,  to  Miss 
Mattie  R.  Baker,  of  Bloomington;  they 
have  two  children — Harry  M.  and  Lillie  M. 

JOHN  WATSON,  Superintendent  of 
the  West  Coal  Shaft,  Fairbury  ;  born  in 
Scotland,  near  Glasgow,  April  19,  1833; 
came  to  this  country  in  January,  1858,  lo- 
cating near  Chillicothe,  Peoria  Co.,  111.; 
soon  after  his  arrival  he  discovered  coal  on 
Senatchwine  Creek,  some  six  miles  distant 
from  Chillicothe  ;  this  was  the  first  coal 
discovered  on  that  stream ;  Mr.  W.  opened 
a  mine  at  this  place  in  the  Summer  of 
1858 ;  after  spending  some  four  years  in 
mining  at  Peoria,  Peru  and  La  Salle,  he 
removed  to  Fairbury,  his  present  home,  and 
commenced  work  for  Mr.  J.  L.  Marsh  on 
what  is  now  known  as  the  West  Shaft,  in 
August,  1862,  where  he  remained  until 
1873;  removed  to  Montana  Territory  in 
Sept.,  1873,  and  engaged  in  gold  and  sil- 
ver mining,  returning  to  Fairbury  in  Sept., 
1877.  Married  in  1854  to  Mary  Demp- 
ster ;  she  was  born  in  Scotland ;  nine 
children  ;  six  living — Christina,  Marga- 
ret, James,  Anna  B.,  Robert  and  Alex- 
ander; lost  three — Mary  died  in  1862, 
Jane  in  1862,  John  in  1866.  Mr.  W. 
owns  640  acres  of  land  in  Nebraska,  valued 
at  $3,200. 

WALTON  BROS.  (I.  Walton  and  J. 
W.  Walton),  Fairbury.  This  well-known 
firm  commenced  business  in  a  small  way  in 
this  city  in  the  Pall  of  1868,  and,  combin- 
ina;  careful  management  with  close  atten- 
tion  to  business,  always  endeavoring  to  give 
the  purchaser  the  full  value  of  his  money, 


CHATSWORTII  TOWNSHIP. 


751 


they  have  merited  and  received  a  liberal 
and  constantly  increatsing  patronage  ;  in- 
creasing their  btock  to  meet  the  demand 
until  they  have  the  largest  general  stock  of 
any  house  in  Livingston  Co.;  they  have 
now  a  large  and  well  assorted  stock  of  dry 
goods,  notions,  clothing,  hats,  caps,  boots, 
shoes,  groceries  and  shelf-hardware;  also  a 
fine  stock  of  furniture. 

JOHN  ZIMM  ERxM  AN,  druggist.  Fair- 
bury  ;  born  in  Wurtemberg,  Germany, 
July  25,  1837  ;  came  to  this  country  in 
eai-ly  childhood,  with  his  parents,  who  set- 
tled in  Crawford  Co.,  Ohio,  in  1840,  and 
in  the  Spring  of  1848  removed  to  La  Salle, 
111.,  and  in  November  of  that  year  located 
east  of  Ottawa,  in  the  same  county,  where 
his  father  still  resides.  The  subject  of  this 
sketch  located  at  Pontiac.  this  county,  in 
1858,  and  the  following  year  removed  to 


Fairbury,  his  present  home,  and  was  among 
the  first  to  engage  in  business  in  this  city. 
Married  in  1867  to  Miss  Sarah  E.  Henslee ; 
she  was  born  in  Gratiot,  Licking  Co.,  Ohio. 
Mr.  Z.  enlisted  in  the  8d  111.  Cav.  in  A.ug., 
1861,  and  was  comnn'ssioned  Second  Lieu- 
tenant on  the  21st  of  the  following  Sep- 
tember ;  resigned  Aug.  7,  1863,  on  ac- 
count of  ill  health  ;  Sept.  23,  of  that  year, 
he  engaged  in  the  drug  business  at  Fair- 
bury,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  F.  Black- 
burn &  Co.,  which  continued  until  March 
10,  1876,  Mr.  Blackburn  then  retired, 
and  the  business  continued  by  the  present 
proprietor.  Member  of  the  following  Ma- 
sonic bodies:  Tarbolton  Lodge,  No.  351; 
Fairbury  Chapter,  No.  99  ;  St.  Paul  Com- 
mandery.  No.  34  ;  also  member  of  Livings- 
ton Lodge,  No.  290,  I.  0.  0.  F. 


CHATSWORTH    TOWNSHIP. 


J.  T.  BOLLARD,  lumber  merchant ; 
Chatsworth ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  one  of  the  best  known  business  men 
of  Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  Bethel, 
Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  July  24.  1828;  son  of 
the  Rev.  Andes  T.  and  Lydia  (Lincoln, 
second  cousin  of  the  late  President  Abra- 
ham Lincoln)  Bullard  ;  his  father  was  a 
Methodist  minister  in  Vermont.  Mr.  B.'s 
first  business  in  life  was  traveling  for  a 
house  in  Bo.ston,  Ma.ss.,  as  a  collector  ;  here 
he  remained  for  five  years;  in  1853,  he 
came  West  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in 
Chicago  ;  his  first  business  here  was  as  lum- 
ber inspector  ;  here  in  this  business  for  six 
years ;  one  year  in  traveling  for  a  patent 
medicine  ;  thence  to  Paxton,  Ford  Co.,  111., 
in  the  lumber  business  one  year;  then  to 
Lodi,  in  the  lumber,  hardware,  and  furni- 
ture business  for  three  years  ;  he  returned 
to  Chicago,  and  commenced  in  the  hide 
business,  in  company  with  Walker,  Bullard 
&  Co.,  for  one  year;  the  firm  then  moved 
to  Qilraan;  here  they  entered  the  hay  busi- 
ness on  a  very  extensive  scale,  having  jiut 
up  one  thousand  tons  of  hay,  and  erected 
a  first-class  hay  press ;  Mr.  Bullard  then 
purchased  the  interest  of  his  two  partners, 
and  became  owner  of  the   entire  hay  busi- 


ness ;  but  on  account  of  the  closing  of 
the  late  war,  hay  became  a  burden  on  the 
market,  causing  him  to  lose  his  entire  cap- 
ital ;  he  then  went  to  Fairbury,  and  en- 
tered partnership  in  the  lumber  business 
with  James  King  ;  here  Mr.  Bullard  re- 
mained until  1869;  he  then  came  to  Chats- 
worth ;  here  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 
lumber  and  hay  business,  very  extensively, 
which  he  has  been  very  prosjjerpus  in ;  to- 
day, he  ranks  as  one  of  the  succes.sful 
business  men  of  Livingston  Co.  Is  a 
very  prominent  Democrat,  having  held  va- 
rious town.ship  ofiices ;  in  1877  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  Livingston 
Co.  for  Treasurer,  but  on  account  of  the 
county  being  strong  Republican,  he  was 
defeated.  Mr.  Bullard  has  been  married 
twice  ;  his  first  wife  was  Jennie  Swcetland  of 
Vermont  ;  mariiod  1855 ;  second  wife, 
Mary  F.  Adams,  of  Vermont  ;  *  mariied 
1865  ;  Mr.  Bullard  has  thno  children  liv- 
ing— Willie  C,  Josephine  M.  and  John 
T.  ;  three  others  died,  all  at  the  age  of 
ten  months;  namely,  Nellie  and  a  pair  of 
twins,  Nellie  and  Nora. 

WILLIAM  C.  BYINGTON.  M.  D., 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Danbury, 
Conn.,     about     April    4,    1819,    and     is 


752 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


the  son  of  Collins  and    Harriet    (Bouton) 
Byington  ;  his  father  was  a  coach  builder  ; 
carried    on  business    in   Stamford,   Conn. 
Dr.  Byington's  first   step  in  business   life 
was  clerking  in  a  hardware  store ;  here  he 
occupied  his  spare  time  in  reading  medi- 
cine, and  saved  enough  money  to   pay  for 
his  medical   course,  and  graduated  in  the 
Uaiversity  of  Pennsylvania,    at  Philadel- 
phia, in  the  class  of  1855-56  ;  he  then  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  in  Phila- 
delphia,   and    remained    there   until    the  ; 
breaking-out  of  the  late  war.     In  1862,  he  i 
enlisted  in  the  119th  Pennsylvania  as  As-  j 
sistant  Surgeon,  then  promoted  as  Surgeon   j 
Physician  of  the  183d  Pennsylvania,  and 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  | 
the  beginning  until  the  close  of  the    war  ;   ' 
he  then  came  West  to  Illinois,  to  La  Salle  ^ 
Co.,  then  to  Gilman ;  from  there  he  came  | 
to  Chatsworth,  in  1868  ;  was  three  years  in  j 
Colorado  ;  business  not    successful,   he  re-   j 
turned   to  Chatsworth ;    here   he  has   re- 
mained ever   since.     Doctor      married  in 
1835,  to  Miss  Julia   Thompson,  who  died 
in  1859. 

THOS.  Y.  BROWN,  retired  farmer; 
P.  0.  Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Germantown 
Tp.  ;  was  born  in  Jeiferson  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  15,  1810  ;  his  parents  are  Henry  and 
Sarah  Brown  ;  his  father  was  a  very  exten- 
sive farmer  in  New  York  ;  here  Mr.  Brown 
was  engaged  with  his  father  in  farming 
and  dairy  business  until  he  was  46  years 
old  ;  in  May,  1855,  he  came  West  to  Illi- 
nois, and  purchased  1,200  acres  of  land, 
for  $5  per  acre,  in  what  is  now  German- 
town  Tp.,  and  set  out  in  farming  in  Illi- 
nois, one  of  the  first  settlers  in  that  section 
of  Livingston  Co.  ;  here  he  remained  until 
1870  ;  having  been  very  successful  in  farm- 
ing, he  retired,  having  given  to  each  of  his 
children  a  very  fine  farm  ;  he  then  came  to 
Chatsworth ;  here  he  has  been  residing  ever 
since.  In  1837,  Mr.  Brown  married  Miss 
Mary  A.  Everett  of  New  York,  born  Dec. 
10,  1818,  and  is  the  daughter  of  Joel  and 
Ann  Everett ;  have  three  children — Jacob 
E.  (married  Miss  E.  B.  Pope);  Sarah  (mar- 
ried Mr.  Jacob  C.  Searh)  ;  Mary  F.,  (mar- 
ried Joel  E.  Strong).  Mr.  Brown  was  at 
one  time  a  very  strong  Democrat ;  at  the 
second  term  of  President  Lincoln,  he  voted 
the  Republican  ticket,  which  ticket  he  has 
supported  ever  since. 


H.  M.  BANGS,  druggist,  Chatsworth ; 
was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug. 
10,  18-17,  and  is  the  son  of  Haman  A.  and 
Almira  C.  (Phillips )  Bangs ;  his  father 
was  a  former  ;  Mr.  Bangs  came  West  with 
his  parents  when  he  was  very  young,  and 
settled  in  Sheboygan,  Wis.  ;  then  to  Anti- 
och,  111.;  he  was  engaged  in  going  to  school 
at  Waukegan,  111. ;  came  to  Chatsworth  in 
1865,  and  commenced  the  drug  business, 
which  business  he  has  followed  ever  since  ; 
to-day,  he  owns  one  of  the  best  drug  stores  in 
Livingston  Co.,  where  can  be  found  all  kinds 
of  drugs  and  medicines,  chemicals,  oils  and 
varnishes ;  physicians'  prescriptions  care- 
fully compounded,  and  orders  answered 
with  care  and  dispatch.  Mr.  Bangs  was 
married  Jan.,  1873,  to  Miss  Tilla  A.  Brown 
of  New  York  ;  two  children — Clarence  M. 
and  Mabel  Ithia. 

TRUEMAN  BROCKWAY,  former,  P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Chatsworth ; 
was  born  in  New  York,  Jan.  2-4,  1832, 
and  is  the  son  of  Abel  and  Laura  (  Bar- 
tholomew) Brock  way  ;  his  father  was  a 
farmer  in  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  here  Mr. 
Brockway  was  engaged  on  the  farm  until 
he  was  22  years  of  age ;  he  then  com- 
menced to  learn  the  carpenter  trade ;  this 
business  he  has  folbwed  principally  ever 
since;  in  1857,  he  came  West  to  Illinois, 
and  was  enuaged  on  the  Illinois  Central  R. 
R.,  as  bridge  builder;  December,  1858,  he 
built  the  first  house  in  Chatsworth,  which 
was  a  two  story  frame  house,  of  which 
he  and  Charles  Brooks  used  the  first  floor 
for  a  general  store,  the  first  store  in  Chats- 
worth ;  and  the  second  story  was  the  resi- 
dence of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brockway.  In. 
November,  1858,  Mr.  Brockway  returned 
East,  and  married  Miss  Sarah  L.  Ewing, 
of  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  returned,  and 
settled  in  Chatsworth,  where  they  resided 
until  1876;  they  then  moved  on  the  farm 
that  they  now  live  on.  Mr.  Brockway 
has  been  extensively  engaged  in  the  con- 
tracting business,  having  built  a  greit 
many  houses  in  Chatsworth ;  have  four 
children — Charles,  Laura,  Frank  and  Mary 
E.  Mr.  B.  was  Supervisor  of  Chatsworth 
for  three  years. 

EDWARD  A.  BANGS,  merchant  and 
banker,  Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence  Co., 
N.  Y..  Dec.  15,  1835,  and  is  the  son  of 


CHATSWORTH  TOWNSHIP. 


753 


Heman  and  Elmira  (Clark)  Bangs,  of 
Vermont;  his  father  was  a  farmer  here. 
Mr.  Bangs  spent  his  younger  days  in 
farming  from  the  time  he  could  handle  the 
plow,  and  in  the  Winter  gathering  what 
instruction  the  district  school  of  the  period 
could  afford ;  was  engaged  in  tlie  lumber 
business  one  year  in  Minnesota  and  Wis- 
consin; then  farming  in  Lake  Co.;'  in 
1861,  he  came  Chatsworth ;  he  first  en- 
gaged in  the  dry  goods  and  general  grocery 
business.  To-day,  E.  A.  Bangs  &  Co. 
own  one  of  the  best  and  largest  drug  stores 
and  groceries  in  Livingston  Co. ;  these 
gentlemen  are  also  engaged  in  a  private 
banking  house,  which  is  one  of  the  most 
solid  and  reliable  in  this  vicinity,  meeting 
with  patronage  from  the  merchants, 
business  men  and  farmers.  Mr.  Ban^s,  in 
February,  18G3,  married  Miss  Harriet  E. 
Esty.  daughter  of  Moses  Esty  ;  they  have 
two  children — Frank  and  Gay.  Married 
second  time,  December,  1877,  to  Miss 
Ann  M.  Compton,  of  Maine.  His  political 
opinions  are  Republican. 

GEORGE  W.  CLINE,  farmer,  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  the  above-named  gentleman 
is  one  of  the  prominent  farmers  of  Chats- 
wortli  Tp.  ;  was  born  in  Tazewell  C'>.,  111., 
Dec.  21,  1829,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Cline,  who  emisirated  West  about 
1823,  and  settled  in  Tazewell  Co.,  among 
the  first  settlers  of  the  county,  engaged  in 
farming ;  here  Mr.   Cline  set  out   in  life 
engaged  in  farming,  and  remained  at  home 
until   he   was  about  21  years   old ;   then 
to  La  Salle  Co.,  and  engaged   in  farming 
four  years  ;  returned  to  Tazewell  Co. ;  here 
two  years ;  he  returned  the  second  time  to 
La  Salle,  and  remained  there  four  years ; 
then  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1864; 
first  settled  in  Union  Tp. ;  then  to  Indian 
Grove  Tp  ;  he  then  came  to   Chatsworth 
Tp.  and  settled  on  the  i)lace  he  now  lives 
on,   which   consists  of  IGO   acres  of  fine 
improved  land.     Mr.  Cline  has  held  several 
offices  of  trust  in  Chatswoi'th  Tp.  ;  is  the 
present  Supervisor  of  the  township,  which 
office  he  has  filled  very  satisfactorily  for 
the  past  four  years.    Is  a  National  Green- 
backer  in  politics.     Married  May  1,  1856, 
toMiss  America  Fishburn,  of  Middletown, 
Penn. ;    have    ten    children — P^mma    F., 
Charles  A.,  George  H.,  Harry  M.,  Frank 
M.,  Ida  M.,  Kate  E.,  John  J.,  James  S., 
Eugene  W. ;  one  dead,  Mary,  died  in  1 871. 


His  parents  both  are  dead  ;  father  died  in 
1844;  mother,  in  1870. 

WILLIAM  COWLING,  proprietor 
and  owner  of  Cottage  House,  Chatsworth  ; 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Cornwall,  England,  Nov.  20,  1848,  and 
is  the  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth 
(Trethewey)  Cowling ;  his  father  was  en- 
gaged in  farming  here.  Mr.  Cowling 
commenced  farming  and  remained  with 
his  parents  until  he  was  about  22  years  of 
age;  in  1861),  he  emigrated  to  America 
and  land.'d  in  New  York  City  ;  then,  West 
to  Illinois;  having  heard  of  the  king 
farmer,  Sul^jvant,  who  at  one  time  owned 
45,000  acres  of  land,  he  came  here  with 
the  intention  of  getting  work  with  this 
man  ;  but  on  arriving  here  he  changed  his 
notion,  and  commenced  to  work  for  J.  T. 
Bullard,  in  the  lumber  business,  in  1869; 
he  remained  in  Chatswortli,  working  for 
different  parties ;  having  saved  sufficient 
money,  he  went  to  Forrest,  and  commenced 
the  hotel  business  in  that  town,  and  re- 
mained there  until  1877  ;  he  then  came  to 
Chatsworth,  and  entered  the  hotel  business 
here.  The  Cottage  House  is  one  of  the 
best  kept  hotels  of  Livingston  Co.,  having 
recently  been  newly  pai)ered  and  furnished, 
and  the  whole  interior  renovated,  giving 
the  hotel  a  very  home-like  and  cheerful 
appearance.  Mr.  Cowling  was  married  in 
1874,  to  Miss  Mattie  J.  Lyons,  of  New 
York,  daughter  of  Alexander  and  Jane 
Lyons. 

ARCHIBALD  M.  CRANE,  hardware 
merchant,  Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Mont- 
gomery Co.,  N.  Y.,  August  21,  1818; 
fiis  parents  are  Caleb  C.  and  Mary  (Stelle ) 
Crane  ;  his  father  was  a  farmer  here.  Mr. 
Crane  spent  his  younger  days  engaged  in 
farming;  at  the  age  of  19  years  he 
went  to  New  York  City,  and  entered  a 
restaurant,  and  was  engaged  in  strapping 
knives  at  ten  shillings  a  week  ;  from  here 
he  was  engaged  at  different  business,  at- 
tending  bar,  clerk  in  a  hotel,  steward,  etc. ; 
he  remained  in  New  York  City  until  June, 
1 854  ;  he  then  moved  to  Chicago  ;  here  he 
engaged  in  hotel  and  running  a  billiard 
room  ;  at  one  time  owner  of  a  lake  vessel 
engaged  in  carrying  wood  for  the  Chicago 
market ;  he  then  went  to  Green  Bay,  Wis. ; 
here  about  one  year  and  a  half  engaged,  in 
the  lumber  business  ;  in  1869,  he  moved  to 
Chatsworth,  and  commenced  the  hardware 


754 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


business  with  M.  H.  Hall,  as  Hall  &  Crane  ;   ' 
this  business  he  has  followed  ever  since. 

J.  L.  DeLONG,  Chatsworth ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  in   Perry  Co.,   i 
Ohio,  June  18,   1839,  and   is  the  son   of 
Edward  and  Ruth  (Leckey)  DeLong ;  his 
father  was  engaged  in  the  tanning  and  har- 
ness business,  and  part  of  the  time  in  farm- 
ing ;  Mr.  DeLong  was  brought  up  on   his 
father's  farm,  engaged  in  farming  in  the 
summer  months,  and  in  the  Winter  gather- 
ing what  instruction  the  district   school   of 
the  period  afforded.     At  the  breaking  out 
of  the  late  war,  he  enlisted   as  private  in 
Co.  E,  17th  Ohio  V.  I., for  three  months  ; 
served    full  time,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged; returned  home  and  attended  high 
school  and  had  completed  teaching  a  four 
months'  school  and  returned  again  to   the 
high  school  for  the  purpose  of  completing 
an  academic  course,  preparatory  to  college, 
when  President  Lincoln  made  a  call  for 
more  men  ;  he  gave  up  his  intentions  and 
enlisted  for  the  second  time  as  private  in 
Co.  I,  114th  OhioV.  I.,  for  three  years  or 
during  the  war ;  at  the  mustering  in  of  his 
company  he  was  promoted  to  Orderly  Ser- 
geant, and  subsequently   to   Second   Lieu- 
tenant  of  his    company  ;  participated   in 
some  of  the  hard-fought  battles  during  the 
war ;  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Chick- 
asaw BluflPs,  the  capture  of  Arkansas  Post, 
seven  days'  battle,Graham's  plantation,  rear 
of    Alexandria,    La.,    siege    and    capture 
of  Vicksburg,  siege  and  capture  of  Fort 
Blakely  ;  the  114th  suffered  intensely  with 
sickness  in  Southern  swamps ;  out  of  the 
whole  regiment  not  over  fifteen   well  men 
at  one  time  could  be    mustered   for  duty  ; 
here    Mr.    DeLong    was   sick    for   eight 
months  ;  the  regiment  was  discharged  at 
Houston,  Texas,  then  ordered  to   Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  where  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service  Aug.,    1^65,   having  served  three 
years  in  this  regiment.  At  the  close  of  the 
war,  Mr.  DeLong  commenced  merchandis- 
ing at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  a  city    of  15,000 
inhabitants  ;  here  nearly  two  years,  then  to 
Illinois  near   Henry  City,  Marshall  Co. ; 
at  this  time  he  purchased  a  farm  and  kept 
it  rented  out  and  engaged  m  teaching  sev- 
eral terms ;  he  then  engaged  in   traveling 
for  Chicago  and  New  York  houses  for  about 
three  years.     In    1875,   he  married  Miss 
Aurelia  Knecht,  of  Indiana  ;  then  to-  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  111.,  andsettled  in  Chatsworth, 


1875  ;  here  he  commenced  the  confection- 
ery and  grocery  business,  which  he  has 
carried  on  ever  since  ;  stock  valued  at 
$1,800  ;  owns  a  fine  improved  farm  of  160 
acres  in  Ford  Co.  Mr.  DeLong  has  been 
a  strong  Greenbacker  in  politics  ever  since 
the  Peter  Cooper  policy  was  introduced. 
Is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 
One  boy — Albert  Clifford. 

SAMUEL  T.  FOSDICK,  attorney  at 
law,  Chatsworth  ;  the  above-named  gentle- 
man  is   one  of  the   most  prominent  and 
thoroughly  educated  attorneys  of  Livings- 
ton   Co.  ;  was     born    in    New   Baltimore, 
Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  3, 1818,  and  is  the 
son  of  David  and   Rebecca  (Davids)    Fos- 
dick  ;  at  the  age  of  4,  they  moved  to  New 
York  City ;  here    Mr.    Fosdick   remained 
until  he  was  1 3  years  of  age  ;  he  returned 
to  his  native  place  and  obtained  a  situation 
in  a  store  as  clerk ;  then   to   Hudson,  N. 
Y.,  and  from  here  he  returned  to  New 
York  City  and  remained  until  1858;  Mr. 
Fosdick  received  his  principal  education  at 
a  Quaker  school  in    New  York  ;  in  1858, 
with  his  wife,  they  came  West  and  settled 
in    Livingston  Co.,  111.,    in    what  is  now 
known  as  Germantown    Tp.  ;  here  he  set 
out  in  farming,  and  in  18t)0,  he  went  East 
one  year,  engaged  in  settling  up  unfinished 
business  ;  he  returned  to  his  farm  and  re- 
mained until  1864  ;  he  then  moved  to  the 
village  of  Chatsworth,  and  has   been  en- 
gaged at  the  practice  of  law  ;  in  1864,  he 
was  admitted  to  practice  law    by    the   Su- 
preme Court  of  Illinois;  in   1876,  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Republican  party  for  Sen- 
ator of  the  18th  District,  and  was  elected 
by  5,056  votes,  against  4,313  votes  for  C. 
C.  Strawn,  Independent,  his  opponent;  Sen- 
ator Fosdick,  during  his  Senatorial  experi- 
ence, has  proven  himself  to  be  a  gentleman 
of  acknowledged  ability,  whose  duties  have 
been  performed  in  a  faithful  manner.    Has 
been  married  twice  ;  first  wife.  Miss  Eliza- 
beth   Conine    of  Greene    Co.,  N.  Y. ;  his 
second  wife.  Miss  Elizabeth  Irwin,  of  New 
York  City,  daughter   of   Wm.    Irwin,  by 
whom   they  have  one  daughter.     Senator 
Fosdick's   political    opinions    are  strongly 
Republican,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 

MATTHEW  H.  HALL,  merchant, 
Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
one  of  the  best  known  and  highly  respected 
business  men  of  Chatsworth ;  was  born  in 


CHATSWORTH  TOWNSHIP. 


755 


WashinjjTton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  14,  1829, 
and  is  the  son  of  Matthew  and  Margaret 
( Mills )  Hall ;  his  father  was  a  native  of 
Ireland,  having  emigrated  to  America  in 
1790.  Mr.  Hall  spent  his  childhood  days 
on  a  farm  ;  when  tjuite  young,  he  entered 
a  boarding  school  and  received  a  common 
school  education ;  he  then  commenced  to 
learn  a  trade,  that  of  saddle  and  harne.ss 
making  ;  in  this  business  about  five  years  ; 
in  Nov.,  1852,  he  .set  out  for  the  gold  fields 
of  California  ;  arrived  and  set  up  a  saddle 
and  harness  shop  with  a  capital  of  about 
three  thousand  dollars ;  here  he  was  very 
succes.'iful  in  life,  having  retired  from  busi- 
ness after  remaining  there  for  three  years, 
worth  thirty  thousand  dollars  ;  he  returned 
East  to  Hartford,  Conn.  Here,  in  1855,  he 
married  Miss  Mary  Lawrence,  of  New 
York  ;  with  his  wife,  they  took  a  pleasure 
trip  throughout  the  Union  for  one  and  a 
half  years.  In  1857,  he  located  in  Daven- 
port, Iowa,  in  the  hardware  business  ;  here 
he  was  financially  embarrassed  and  lost  all 
his  money;  in  1859,  he  moved  to  Illinois, 
and  settled  near  Chatsworth  and  com- 
menced farming  ;  in  1 865,  he  commenced 
the  grocery  business  with  Cha.s.  Brooks, 
known  as  Brooks  &  Hall.  Mr.  Brooks 
was  the  first  settler  in  Chatsworth.  In 
1870,  Mr.  Hall  built  the  present  store  and 
entered  into  partnership  with  Mr.  A.  M. 
Crane,  firm  known  as  Hall  &  Crane,  hard- 
ware and  general  groceries.  Mr.  Hall,  so- 
cially, has  a  pleasing  address  and  genial 
manners  that  win  the  respect  of  all.  Is 
Elder  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

ALBERT  H.  HALL,  photographer, 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Parkman,  Me., 
April  10,  1849,  and  is  the  son  of  William 
C.  and  Olive  A.  (Stevens )  Hall ;  his  father 
was  a  farmer  and  in  1849,  with  his  wife 
and  family,  emigrated  West  to  Illinois  and 
settled  in  La  Salle  Co.,  being  among  the 
early  settlers ;  here  Mr.  Hall  remained  on 
the  farm  until  he  was  22  years  of  age  ;  he 
then  went  to  Chicago  to  learn  his  trade, 
photographing,  with  Messrs.  Peterson  & 
Bros.,  of  Chicago,  and  remained  there  un- 
til he  finished  his  trade;  and  March  1, 
1872,  came  to  Chatsworth,  Livingston  Co., 
111.,  "and  opened  a  photograph  and  gem  gal- 
lery, which  business  he  has  carried  on  ever 
since ;  ranks  as  one  of  the  best  artists  of 
Livingston  Co.  Mr.  Hall  married  jMay 
28,  1872,  to  Miss  Dora  Knapp,  of  La  Salle 


Co.,  III.,  daughter  of  L.  C.  Knapp,  a  very 
prominent  farmer  and  one  of  the  first 
settlers  of  La  Salle  Co.  111.;  have  one  child 
— Lewis  L.  Member  of  the  Baptist 
Church. 

WILLIAM  H.  HALL, furniture,  Chats- 
worth ;  was'  born  in  Piscataquis  Co.,  Me., 
Nov.  29,  1843 ;  his  first  experience  in  the 
furniture  business  was  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.; 
commenced  the  furniture  business  in  Chats- 
worth in  18G7 ;  his  store  is  two  stories  high, 
60x22,  with  shop  attached  ;  carries  a  stock 
valued  at  S2,50().  !Mr.  Hall  was  engaged 
in  the  late  war  ;  enlisted,  in  18G2,  in  Co. 
B,  104th  I.  V.  I.,  as  private  ;  participated 
in  some  of  the  hard-fought  battles  under 
Gens.  Rosecraus  and  Sherman  ;  while  in 
Tennessee  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  rebel 
Gen.  John  Morgan,  at  Hartsville,  after  a 
very  severe  battle  ;  was  paroled,  then  sent 
North  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  then  to  Camp 
Douglas,  111.,  engaged  in  guarding  rebel 
prisoners  ;  then  South,  and  was  with  Gen. 
Sherman's  march  from  Atlanta  to  the  sea, 
on  to  W^ashington,  D.  C,  and  participated 
in  the  grand  parade ;  mustered  out  June 
17,  1865. 

D.  W.  HUNT,  M.  D.,  Chatsworth. 
The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  3, 1831  ;  his  fathei; 
died  when  he  was  but  14  years  of  age, 
leaving  a  wife  and  nine  children.  Dr. 
Hunt's  first  business  in  life  was  teaching 
school  and  spare  time  in  studying  medicme  ; 
in  teaching  school,  he  managed  to  save 
enough  money  to  pay  his  course  through 
the  Albany  Medical  College,  of  Albany,  N. 
Y.;  here  he  graduated  in  1856  ;  he  then 
came  West  to  Illin,ois  ;  here  he  has  been  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  medicine  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  State ;  from  Penolia  he 
came  to  Chatsworth  in  1861.  Was  engaged 
in  the  late  war  as  Hospital  Surgeon,  sta- 
tioned at  Mound  City,  111.  He  married,  in 
1859,  to  Miss  Samanthia  Myers,  of  Ohio, 
by  whom  they  have  one  child — Fannie  E.  P. 

CONRAD  HEPPE,  bakery,  Chats- 
worth ;  was  born  in  Hessing,  Germany, 
May  24,  1837,  and  is  the  son  of  Henry 
and  Catherine  (Climan)  Heppe,  of  Ger- 
many ;  his  father  was  a  shoemaker  by 
trade  ;  Mr.  Heppe  emigrated  to  America 
in  1859,  and  landed  in  New  York  City,  af- 
ter being  ten  weeks  out  in  making  the  trip; 
his  first  business  in  America  was  to  learn 
the  bakery  business,  for  which  he  received 


756 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


six  dollars  per  month,  four  dollars  cash  and 
two  reserved  until  his  time  was  out.     In 

1860,  he  enlisted  in  the  United  States  Regu- 
lar Army  (5th  U.  S.  Inf.,  Co.  K,  as  private ); 
was  stationed  on  Governor's  Island  ;  from 
here  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  New 
Mexico  and  did  good  service  here  ;  he  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Balverta  and 
Pigeon  Ranch,  which  were  very  severe ; 
here  he  remained  about  eightyears,  then  to 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  where  he  was  doing  duty 
at  the  arsenal  here  about  fourteen  months, 
then  to  Chicago  about  two  years,  thence  to 
St.  Louis,  Cairo  and  Fairbury ;  here  two 
years,  thence  to  Chatsworth  in  1875. 
Married,  in  1875,  to  Miss  Catherine  Ring- 
ler  of  Germany  ;  born  Nov.  11, 1857 ;  two 
children — Katie  and  Lizzie. 

COL.  NATHANIEL  C.  KENYON,Post- 
m aster,  Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  Wash- 
itigton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  21,  1838,  and  is 
the  son  of  Rev.  Archibald  and  Juliana 
(Pratt)  Kenyon  ;  in  the  Fall  of  1852,  with 
his  parents,  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  in 
Chicago,  thence  to  Carroll  Co.  on  a  farm  ; 
here  he  remained  until  1858,  then  to  Put- 
nam and  Marshall  Cos.  At  the  breaking- 
out  of  the  late  rebellion,  he  enlisted  as 
private  in  Co.  K,  11th  I.  V.  I.,  April  30, 

1861,  for  three  months;  during  the  three 
months,  the  11th  was  stationed  at  Villa 
Ridge,  111.,  and  Bird's  Point,  Mo.,  doing 
garrison  duty  ;  on  the  30th  of  July,  he  re- 
enlisted  for  three  years  as  First  Lieutenant 
in  Co.  K,  11th  I.  V.  I.;  the  regiment  re- 
maining at  Bird's  Point,  making  frequent 
expeditions  into  various  parts  of  the  State 
till  Feb.  2,  1862,  then  to  Fort  Henry,  in 
the  capture  of  which  they  participated, 
then  to  Fort  Donelson,  where  they  arrived 
Feb.  12,  and  the  13th  began  the  attack; 
during  the  13th  and  l-lth,  they  were  under  ! 
fire  continually,  and  on  the  15th  the  enemy  I 
endeavored  to  cut  their  way  through  the 
llth's  line  and  escape;  here  they  held 
them  in  check  for  three  hours,  with  great 
slaughter  on  both  sides  ;  the  loss  to  the 
regiment  was  one  Captain,  one  First  Lieu- 
tenant, seventy-two  men  killed,  and  two 
hundred  and  sixty-six  wounded  and  miss- 
ing, of  whom  some  sixty  were  made  pris- 
oners by  the  enem}' ;  here  Col.  Kenyon 
was  taken  prisoner,  and  remained  as  pris- 
oner of  war  for  eight  months,  then  paroled ; 
he  returned  and  joined  his  regiment,  and 
participated    in    the  memorable  march  of 


Gen.  Grant  to  the  rear  of  Vicksburg,  where 
the  regiment  entered  on  the  4th  of  July  ;  at 
this  battle  he  received  a  very  severe  scalp 
wound,  which  detained  him  from  duty  for 
thirty  days ;  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Liverpool  Heights,  Yazoo  City,  Jackson,  Mo- 
bile, Spanish  Fort,  Fort  Blakesly  ;  11th  day 
of  July,  1865,  the  regiment  was  mustered 
out  at  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  thence  to  Spring- 
field, where  it  wag  paid  off  and  finally  dis- 
charged ;  Col.  Kenyon  was  promoted  Cap- 
tain of  Co.  K,  1862;  in  1864,  promoted 
Lieutenant  Colonel,  which  oflBce  he  held  at 
the  close  of  the  war  ;  the  11th  I.  V.  I.  lost 
425  men,  the  highest  death  total  of  any  or- 
ganization which  went  from  Illinois  ;  Col. 
Kenyon  at  the  close  of  the  war  returned 
to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Chatsworth ;  in 
1868,  was  appointed  Postmaster  of  Chats- 
worth, which  olfice  he  has  in  a  very  cred- 
itable and  efficient  manner  filled  ever  since. 
Married,  in  1863,  to  Miss  A.  R.  Sprague, 
of  Illinois  ;  one  child — Minnie,  born  Dec. 
7,  1867. 

JESSE  LANTRY,  hardware  merchant. 
Chatsworth,  of  the  firm  of  Roberts  &  Lan- 
try,  hardware  and  groceries  ;  was  born  in 
St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  21,  1846, 
and  is  the  son  of  Jesse  J.  and  Helen 
(Lyons)  Lantry,  of  Ireland  ;  his  father 
emigrated  to  America  in  1829  ;  was  en- 
gaged in  the  dairy  and  farming  businesa 
here  ;  Mr.  Lantry  was  brought  up  on  his 
father's  farm  until  he  was  22  years  old; 
he  then  emigrated  West  to  Illinois  and 
settled  in  Chatsworth,  in  1868,  and  en- 
gaged in  farming,  then  in  the  butcher  busi- 
ness ;  engaged  for  two  and  a  half  years 
on  railroad  in  Texas,  on  the  Galveston, 
Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  R.  R. ;  his  first 
experience  in  the  grocery  business  was  as 
store  keeper  for  the  Wis.  Valley  R.  R. ; 
Mr.  Lantry  commenced  the  hardware  and 
grocery  business,  in  company  with  A.  M. 
Roberts,  in  1877. 

JOB  H.  MEGQUIER,  real  estate  agent 
and  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Chatsworth ; 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Cum- 
berland Co.,  Me.,  Feb.  10,  1827,  and  is 
the  son  of  Samuel  and  Lois  Megquier,  of 
Maine ;  his  father  was  a  shoemaker  by 
trade  ;  when  Mr.  Megquier  was  18  years 
old,  he  enlisted  in  the  8th  U.  S.  L,  at 
Lowell,  Mass.,  under  Gen.  W.  T.  Sherman, 
and  participated  in  the  Mexican  war;  was 
enaasred   at  Palo  Alto   and  other  battles; 


CHATSWORTH  TOWNSHIP. 


757 


from     here    tlie   ariuy    advanced    to    the 
City    of    Monterey,    capturing     on     the 
march  tlie  villages  Reinosa,  Caniargo.  Mier 
and  Revilla;  after   a    very  severe    battle, 
captured  the  City  of  Monterey,  then  in  the 
capture  of  Vera  Cruz,  Cerro  Gordo  ;  here 
he  met  Gen.  Shields  dangerously  wounded; 
thence  on  the  City  of  Mexico   through   a 
beautiful  country,  on  the   15th   of  Aug., 
1847;  arrived  in  siglit  of  the  city  on  the 
IHtli;    the  army  took  up  a  position  near 
San  Antonio;  on  the  20th,  the  battles  of 
Contreras,  Cliurubusco,  Antonio  and    San 
Augustine    were    fought,    on    the    8th    of 
September,  on  the  capture  of  Molino   del 
Rey,  was  the  bloodiest  battle  of  the  war, 
one-fourth  of  the  entire  army  was  killed 
and   wounded;  Mr.    Megquier  received   a 
severe  wound,  and  remained  in  the  City  of 
Mexico  from  the  25th  of  September,  1847, 
u;itil  the   17th   of  December,    1847  ;  was 
discharged  Dec.  7,  1848,  and  left  forborne 
Dec.  17  ;  arrived  in  Washington,  D.   C, 
Jan.  5,  1848,  where  he  received  his  pen- 
sion certificate,  signed  by  J.   L.   Edwards 
and  W.  L.  Marcy,  Secretary  of  War.    He 
then  returned  home  to  his  parents   and,  in 
1857,  emigrated  West  to  Illinois,  and  set- 
tled in  Livingston  Co.,  near  Oliver's  Grove ; 
here  he  remained  about  two  years  engaged 
in  farming,  then  to  the  village   of  Chats- 
worth,  being  the  second  family  who  settled 
in    Chatsworth,    Mr.    T.    Brockway    and 
family  being  the  first ;  here  Mr.  Megquire 
has   remained    ever   since,  being   engaged 
very  extensively  in  the  real  estate  business. 
Married,  in  1857,  to  Miss  Sarah  H.  Young, 
of  Maine^jorn  April  7, 1838  ;  seven  chil- 
dren— Charles    F.,    born    July   4,    1857 ; 
William  N.,  born  Dec.  17,  1858;  Job  H., 
born   Nov.    14,    1860;  Samuel    F.,   born 
April  18,  1864;  George  F.,  born  April  9, 
1866;  Henry  Y.,  born  Sept.   18,  1870; 
Edward  E.,  born   March   11,   1874.     Mr. 
Megquier  is  a  National  Greeubaeker  in  poli- 
tics, and  a  Universalist  in  religion. 
.    MILO  M.  MILLER,  farmer  and  broom 
manufacturer;     P.    0.    Chatsworth;    was 
born    in    Adams,    Berkshire    Co.,    Mass., 
Nov.  15,  1830;  son  of  Caleb  and  Nancy 
(Mitchell)  Miller  ;  his  father  was  a  farmer 
here;   Mr.  Miller  remained  until   he  was 
17  years  old ;  he  then  set  out  as  a  farm 
hand,  working  by  the  month  for  four  years  ; 
he  then  shipped  on  a    whalin'.;  vessel  as  a 
Bailor,  which  cruised  on  the  Allan lic  Ocean, 


Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  west  coast  of 
Africa  ;  he  remained  in  this  business  for 
two  years,  then  on  a  merchant  vessel  for 
two  yeai-s.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  United 
States  Navy  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  on  a 
United  States  man-of-war;  was  engaged 
in  cruising  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea  ;  here 
he  served  about  three  years,  then  re- 
turned home,  and  in  1855,  he  came  West 
to  Chicago ;  engaged  a  short  time  in  ty- 
ing brooms ;  thence  East ;  returned  West 
in  1856  to  Marengo,  McHenry  Co.,  111. ; 
here  eighteen  months,  then  to  Chicago  one 
year ;  from  there  he  went  to  Detroit, 
Mich. ;  here  two  and  half  years,  then 
to  Livingston  Co.,  111.;  in  1863,  to 
Fairbury  and  Belle  Prairie;  engaged  in 
farming ;  he  then  came  to  Chatsworth  Tp. 
and  settled  on  the  place  he  now  lives  on ; 
here  he  has  settled  down ;  is  engaged  in 
the  manufiicturing  of  brooms,  and  finds 
sale  for  them  in  the  neighboring  towns. 
Married  June  4,  1857,  to  Miss  Kate  L. 
Rathbun,  of  New  York  ;  three  children. 
Republican  in  politics.  Owns  eighty  acres 
of  fine,  improved  land. 

ARCHIBALD  McMULLEN,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Canada  Jan. 
21,  1836,  and  is  the  son  of  Archibald  and 
Jane  (Boyd)  McMullen  ;  father  was  a 
farmer ;  was  killed  by  the  falling  of  a  tree  ; 
when  Mr.  McMuUeu  was  very  young,  he 
set  out  in  life,  farming;  in  October,  1857, 
he  left  Canada  and  came  to  Illinois,  and 
settled  in  La  Salle  Co. ;  here  he  remained 
until  1868,  engaged  in  farming;  he  then 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  worked  on 
C.  R.  Miller's  farm  for  two  years ;  pur- 
chased eighty  acres  of  land  for  S15.50  per 
acre;  owns  a  farm  of  160  acres.  Is 
School  Director.  Married,  March,  1866, 
to  Miss  Louisa  Harman,  of  France ;  five 
children.  Is  a  Republican  in  politics; 
Presbyterian. 

JOHN  H.  MARSHALL,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  Beaver 
Co.,  Penn.,  about  1840;  his  parents  are 
Robert  and  Mariah  (Chambers)  Marshall ; 
his  father  was  a  st(me  mason  by  trade ;  in 
1851,  his  parents  emigrated  to  La  Salle 
Co.,  111.;  here  Mr.  Marshall  remained 
until  1869,  engaged  in  farming  ;  he  then 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  settled 
on  the  place  he  now  lives  on,  which  con- 
sists of  eighty  acres  of  land.  Married,  in 
1869,  to  Miss  Clara  A.  Howard,  of  Illi- 


758 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES ; 


nois,  daughter  of  Clark  Howard,  who  was 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Farmington, 
111. ;  have  three  children.  Mr.  Marshall 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  with  his  brother, 
Wm.  J.     Is  liberal  in  politics. 

SAMUEL  PATTON,  machinis,t,  Chats- 
worth  ;  was  born  in  Brooke  Co.,  Va., 
Sept.  3,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of  William 
and  Snsana  (Ramsey  j  Patton,  of  Virginia  ; 
his  father  was  a  cooper  by  trade  ;  here  Mr. 
Patton  was  engaged  in  helping  his  father, 
until  he  was  18  years  old  ;  he  then  started 
to  learn  his  trade,  at  blacksmithing,  which 
he  has  followed  throughout  life,  excepting 
at  the  breaking-out  of  the  late  war ;  he 
enlisted  in  1862  in  Battery  M,  Artillery, 
and  remained  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Mr.  Patton  is  one  of  the  first  settlers  of 
Chatsworth,  having  made  his  home  here 
in  1859,  and  erected  the  first  blacksmith 
shop.  He  has  taken  out  a  patent  on  a 
corn-husker.  Married,  in  1861,  to  Miss 
Nellie  Desmond,  of  New  York. 

DANIEL  B.  PUFFER,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Mass.,  Sept.  2U,  1839,  and  is  the  son  of 
Samuel  S.  and  S.  B.  Pufier ;  his  father, 
Samuel  S.,  was  born  in  Franklin  Co., 
Mass.,  Dec.  20,  1811 ;  remained  with  his 
parents  until  he  was  35  years  of  age ;  at 
one  time  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
friction  matches,  one  of  the  first  in  this 
business ;  came  West  and  settled  in  Put- 
nam Co.,  111.,  in  1846  ;  then  to  Livingston 
Co.,  in  April,  1865.  Mr.  Puffer  remained 
with  his  parents,  engaged  in  farming.  In 
1866,  he  married  Miss  Ellen  Lamboarn,  of 
England,  by  whom  he  had  three  chil- 
dren. Is  a  Republican  in  politics.  Owns 
160  acres  of  fine,  improved  land. 

AMOS  M.  ROBERTS,  merchant  (of 
the  firm  of  Roberts  &  Lantry.  hardware  and 
grocery),  Chatswoith  ;  was  born  in  Orange 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1826,  and  is  the  son 
of  Elijah  and  Jemima  (Munn)  Roberts  ; 
his  father,  of  Massachusetts,  and  a  shoe- 
maker by  trade ;  Mr.  Roberts  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  16  years  of 
age  ;  he  then  commenced  to  learn  the 
carpenter  and  joiner  trade  at  Seneca  Co., 
Ohio,  having  come  to  Ohio  with  his  par- 
ents when  about  8  years  old ;  he  engaged 
in  forming,  at  his  trade  and  the  saw-mill 
business  in  Ohio  until  1860  ;  he  then  came 
to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Pleasant  Ridge, 
and  commenced  farming  here  four  years, 


then  to  Oliver's  Grove ;  here  ten  years, 
thence  to  Chatsworth  and  commenced  the 
hardware  business  in  company  with  D.  J. 
Brigham  ;  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Brig- 
ham  until  1877,  when  Mr.  J.  J.  Lantry 
purchased  one-half  interest ;  now  Messrs. 
Roberts  &  Lantry,  one  of  the  leading  hard- 
ware and  grocery  houses  in  Livingston  Co. 

FRANCIS  M.  ROBERTS,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Chatsworth;  was  born  in  Pike  Co.,  111., 
July  18,  1841,  and  is  son  of  Ancel  C.  and 
Mary  A  (Green )  Roberts,  who  were  among 
the  early  settlers  of  Pike  Co.,  111. ;  his 
father,  Ancel  C,  died  May  6,  1870,  age 
60  years  5  months  and  26  days  ;  mother, 
Mary  A.,  died  Oct.  27,  1870,  age  51  years 
7  months  and  19  days;  Mr.  Roberts 
remained  with  his  parents  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  he  went  to  Ohio  and  farmed  in  diff"er- 
ent  parts  of  the  State,  in  Pike,  Huron, 
and  Seneca  Counties,  Ohio;  he  then  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Livings- 
ton Co.  since  then  he  has  been  engaged 
in  planting  hedge,  grading  roads  and  farm 
iug ;  Mr.  Roberts  and  his  father  planted 
the  hedge  fence  and  made  improvements 
on  the  fine  farm  known  now  as  the  Buck- 
ingham farm.  He  is  a  Green  backer  in 
politics  and  a  Universalist  in  belief  Mar- 
ried in  1864,  to  IMiss  Emma  A.  Titus ;  six 
children. 

ROBERT  RUM  BOLD,  insurance  and 
real  estate  agent,  Chatsworth  ;  was  born 
in  Hampshire  Co.,  England,  July  23, 1831, 
and  is  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Martha 
(Sherman)  Rumbold,  of  England ;  his 
father  was  a  former ;  Mr.  'Rumbold,  in 
1852,  emigrated  to  America ;  came  West 
and  settled  in  Kendall  Co.,  111.  ;  heie  he 
remained  about  four  years,  engaged  in 
farming  ;  he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
in  1856,  and  settled  near  Fairbury  on  a 
farm,  and  remained  there  until  1869,  then 
to  the  place  he  now  lives  on  (Chatsworth 
Tp.)  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1871 ; 
he  then  engaged  in  the  insurance  and  real 
estate  business  ;  has  held  the  office  of  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  four  years.  Mr.  Rumbold 
is  a  National  Greenbacker  in  politics.  He 
married  in  1859,  to  Miss  Sarah  Osmond, 
of  England  ;  having  made  the  visit  to  Eng- 
land in  1859  for  the  purpose  of  marrying; 
have  had  five  children, two  deceased ;  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  fine  improved  land.  In  his 
insurance  business  he  represents  all  of  the 
old  reliable  insurance  companies,  ^Etna,  of 


CHATSWORTfl   TOWNSHIP. 


759 


Hartford  ;  Home,  of  New  York  ;  Hartford, 
of  Connecticut ;  Continental,  of  New  York  ; 
German,  of  Peoria;  Washington  Life,  of 
New  York ;  American  Sentinel,  of  St. 
Louis,  with  cash  assets  of  $21,637,893. 

L.  C.  SPIECHER,  wagon  manufactur- 
er, Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec. 
16,  1846,  and  is  the  son  of  Jacob  and 
Elizabeth  ( Gindlesperger )  S})iechor  ;  when 
very  young,  with  his  parents,  moved  to 
Peun.sylvania ;  Mr.  Spiecher's  first  busi- 
ness in  life  was  to  learn  the  blacksmith 
trade,  in  Tuscarawas  Co.,  Ohio  ;  here  he 
worked  for  §10  per  month  ;  remained  in 
Ohio  about  six  years,  then  returned  to 
Pennsylvania  and  engaged  at  his  trade  in 
diflerent  parts  of  the  State  about  ten  years  ; 
then  to  Virginia,  in  the  United  States  serv- 
ice as  a  blacksmith  ;  here  during  the  war  ; 
thence  to  Michigan  one  year  ;  from  there 
he  came  to  Illinois,  to  Wilmington,  then  to 
Chatsworth  in  1865  ;  here  Mr.  Spiecher 
commenced  the  erection  of  his  shops, 
which  rank  among  the  largest  and  best 
shops  of  Livingston  Co  ;  the  main  building 
is  30x80,  two  stories  high  ;  side  shop  1 6x 
40,  and  one  building  used  for  the  storing 
of  wagons  and  buggies ;  with  hard  labor 
and  good  management,  Mr.  Spiecher  ranks 
as  one  of  the  leading  manufacturers  of  Liv- 
ingston Co.  ;  his  factory  turns  out  wagons, 
carriages  and  buggies  that  for  beauty  of  de- 

1  sign  and  finish,  are  not  excelled  either  East 
or  West.  Mr.  Spiecher  married,  in  1861, 
to  Miss  Rebecca  Sivits,  of  Pennsylvania, 
daughter  of  James  Sivits ;  six  children — 

I     Frank,  Jane,  Ella,  Phoebe,  Lottie,  Robert ; 

i     one  deceased — Turney.     Has  held  public 

j  office,  as  member  of  the  Town  Board, 
which  office  he  has  held  five  years. 

ORANGE  SANFORD,  livery  stable, 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  St.  Lawrence 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  4,  1828,  and  is  theson  of 
Israel  and  Apliia  (Lockwood)  Sanford ; 
his  father  was  a  farmer,  and  emigrated 
West  when  Mr.  Sanford  was  young,  and 
settled  in  Hancock  Co.,  111.  ;  from  here, 
they  moved  to  McHenry  Co.,  then  to 
Grundy ;  Mr.  Sanford  then  came  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.  and  settled  in  Five-Mile  Grove, 
Pleasant  Ridge  Tp. ;  here  until  1859,  then 
south  of  Chatsworth,  in  Ford  Co.  ;  here 
about  four  years,  then  to  Chatsworth,  and 
in  1873,  commenced  the  livery  business  ; 
keeps  the  best  livery  in  Chatsworth,  and 


has  from  twelve  to  fifteen  head  of  stock, 
and  top  and  open  buggies  and  barouches  on 
hand.  Married,  in  1850,  to  Miss  Amanda 
L.  Smith  ;  have  two  children. 

JOSIAH  H.  SHAWL,  former ;  P.  O. 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Sandusky  Co., 
Ohio,  April  5,  1838  ;  his  parents  are 
Michael  and  Ellen  ( Bollass)  Shawl  ;  his 
father  was  a  farmer ;  he  remained  on  his 
father's  farm  until  he  was  23  years  of  age, 
engaged  in  farming ;  then  to  Illinois,  and 
settled  in  Bureau  Co.  ;  owned  a  farm  of 
120  acres  ;  here  he  farmed  for  seven  years  ; 
he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled 
in  Chatsworth  Tp.,  on  the  farm  that  he 
now  lives  on.  Mr.  Shawl  married,  in  1859, 
to  Miss  Mary  R.  Green,  of  Ohio,  daughter 
of  Chas.  G.  Green ;  have  three  children. 
Is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church ;  Re- 
publican in  politics.  Owns  211  acres  of 
fine  improved  land. 

HENRY  B.  SHEPHERD,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Adams  Co., 
Ohio,  March  21,  1841  ;  parents  are  Johns- 
ton and  Mary  (Henry)  Shepherd ;  his 
flither  was  a  tanner  by  trade-,  and  worked 
in  the  tannery  owned  by  Jesse  Grant, 
father  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant;  in  1833,  he 
came  W^est  and  settled  in  Putnam  Co.,  111. ; 
died  1874  ;  Mr.  Shepherd's  mother  is  now 
living  with  him  ;  in  1861,  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  in  Putnam  Co.  ;  here  he 
remained  until  1869,  engaged  in  farming; 
he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled 
on  the  farm  that  he  now  owns,  which  con- 
sists of  160  acres.  Married  Hannah  N. 
Husted,  of  Indiana  ;  four  children.  Is  a 
Republican  in  politics  and  Presbyterian  in 
reliiiion. 

RICHARD  M.  SPURGIN,  proprietor 
and  editor  Chutswurth  Plaiiidealer,  Chats- 
worth ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Fleming  Co.,  Ky.,  March  20,  1848, 
and  is  the  son  of  Jeremiah  and  Miranda 
Spurgin  ;  Mr.  Spurgin  has  been  engaged  in 
the  printing  business  the  last  fifteen  years ; 
he  came  to  Chatsworth  and  entered  part- 
nership with  John  Colviii  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  Chatsworth  Flaindealer,  which 
paper  was  first  published  by  C.  B.  Holmes 
Nov.  1,  1873;  January,  1877,  Mr.  Spur- 
gin purchased  the  entire  control  of  the 
paper,  and  commenced  the  publication  of 
the  paper  alone ;  with  a  firm  and  powerful 
will  and  the  good  business  (jualifications 
that  characterize  its  present  publisher,  the 


760 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


paper  has  been  gradually  brought  to  a 
firm,  substantial  basis,  and  may  now  be 
deemed  as  one  of  the  leading  papers  of 
Livingston  Co.;  in  connection  with  the 
newspape^  department,  will  attend  to  all 
kinds  of  job  printing. 

PETER  SHROYER,  coal  merchant, 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Greene  Co., 
Penn.,  Oct.  2,  1821 ;  is  the  son  of  David 
and  Catherine  Shroyer ;  his  father  was  a 
stock  dealer ;  when  Mr.  Shroyer  was  but 
12  years  of  age,  he  left  his  home  and 
started  for  Indiana,  and  settled  in  Wayne 
County  ;  here  he  hired  out  as  a  farm  hand ; 
the  first  two  years  he  worked  for  his  board 
and  clothing,  with  the  understanding  that 
he  was  to  have  three  months  out  of  each 
year  to  attend  the  district  schools ;  the 
third  year  he  received  $4  per  month ;  here 
he  remained  for  five  years;  in  1838,  he 
went  to  Newcastle,  Ind.,  and  worked  in  a 
steam  saw-mill  at  $8  per  month  ;  here  for 
three  years  ;  he  then  commenced  to  learn  a 
trade — saddle  and  harness  making ;  here 
he  served  his  apprenticeship  for  four 
years ;  he  then  set  out  in  traveling  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  country  ;  in  1843,  he  vis- 
ited Peoria,  when  there  were  but  few  houses 
there;  in  1845,  he  returned  to  Newcastle 
and  bought  out  the  man  he  learned  his  trade 
with,  and  commenced  business  in  New- 
castle ;  this  business  he  continued  until 
1855 ;  he  then  moved  on  a  farm.  In  1856, 
he  was  elected  Sheriff  of  Henry  County 
for  two  years;  in  1858,  was  re-elected  to 
same  oflSce,  and  held  office  until  1860,  in 
which  office  he  acquitted  himself  in  a  very 
creditable  and  efficient  manner.  At  the 
breaking-out  of  the  late  war,  he  enlisted 
in  Co.  F,  57th  Ind.  V.  I.,  for  three  years  ; 
was  commissioned  under  Gov.  Oliver  P. 
Morton  as  First  Lieutenant,  and  he  partic- 
ipated in  some  of  the  hard-fought  battles 
— Pittsburg  Landing,  where  a  victory  was 
snatched  from  the  jaws  of  death;  Shiloh, 
etc.  He  returned  home  and  commenced  ihe 
mercantile  business  at  Sulphur  Springs, 
Ind.,  two  years  ;  in  1865,  he  moved  to 
Chatsworth;  commenced  the  mercantile 
business ;  in  1870,  he  commenced  the  coal 
business.  Mr.  Shroyer  has  held  many 
offices  of  public  trust ;  at  present,  he  is 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  School  Director. 
Married  in  1845  to  Miss  Mary  Benbo,  of 
Wayne  Co.,  Ind.,  daughter  of  Edward 
Benbo  ;  eight  children.     Is  a  member  of 


the   Methodist    Church,  and   his  political 
opinions  are  Republican. 

WM.  W.  SEARS,  real  estate.  Chats- 
worth  ;  was  born  in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. 
April  21,  1828,  and  is  the  son  of  Franklin 
and  Elizabeth  (Shadders)  Sears  ;  his  father 
was  a  shoemaker  by  trade ;  here  Mr.  Seara 
set  out  to  learn  his  trade  as  a  shoemaker 
with  his  father;  in  October,  1857,  he 
moved  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  El  Paso 
Woodford  Co.  ;  here  he  remained  until 
1865,  engaged  at  his  trade  of  shoemaking, 
then  in  the  foundry  business,  then  farming 
in  McLean  Co.;  in  1865,  he  came  to 
Chatsworth,  where  he  has  resided  ever 
since.  Has  held  various  offices,  both  in 
El  Paso  and  Chatsworth  ;  Supervisor,  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace,  etc.  Democrat  in  pol- 
itics. Married  Sept.  27,  1855,  to  Miss 
Margaret  Poorman,  of  New  York,  daugh- 
ter of  Jacob  Poorman,  by  whom  he  has 
five  children. 

GEORGE  TORRANCE,  attorney  at 
law,  Chatsworth  ;  this  gentleman  is  one  of 
the  best  known  attorneys  of  Livingston  Co.; 
was  born  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Ohio,  May  15, 
1847,  and  is  the  son  of  David  and  Mary 
(Kerns)  Torrance;  his  father  was  a  car- 
penter by  trade  ;  Mr.  Torrance  remained 
with  his  parents  until  he  was  about  16 
years  of  age  ;  here  he  received  a  common 
school  education ;  he  first  commenced  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Fos- 
dick  &  Wallace,  and  then  with  Mr. 
Wyman  ;  Jan.  3,  1875,  he  was  admitted 
to  practice  law  by  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Illinois,  and  ever  since  then  Mr.  Torrance 
has  devoted  his  entire  attention  to  his  prac- 
tice, which  is  extensive  and  lucrative  and 
constantly  growing.  Some  men  pursue 
the  law  merely  as  a  means  of  livelihood, 
just  as  they  might  engage  in  trade  ;  with 
Mr.  Torrance,  the  law  is  part  of  his  life ; 
his  ambition  is  to  distinguish  himself  in 
his  chosen  profession,  and  particularly  as 
an  advocate  ;  to  this  object  he  bends  all  his 
energies  with  the  zest  that  marked  his  early 
studies  ;  he  understands  well  the  impor- 
tance of  thoroughness  of  preparation,  and  he 
never  enters  a  court-room  with  a  case  with- 
out being  thoroughly  equipped  for  its  pre- 
sentation ;  he  studies  it  from  both  stand- 
points, and  is  as  ready  to  meet  and  repel 
the  arguments  of  opposing  counsel  as  to 
press  his  own.  It  is  this  thoroughness  that 
makes  him  ready  for  the  most  unexpected 


CHATSWORTH   TOWNSHIP. 


761 


emergency  that  may  arise  in  tho  course  of 
a  trial ;  and  to  his  unwearied  industry  he 
owes  much  of  his  success,  which  is  seldom 
equaled  in  the  early  career  of  lawyers.  In 
politics  Mr.  ToiTance  is  a  strong  Repub- 
lican ;  is  President  of  the  temperance  move- 
ment in  Chatsworth,  and  a  hard  worker  in 
the  cause.  Enlisted  in  the  late  war,  Co. 
E,  149th  I.  V.  I.  Married,  in  1869,  to 
Miss  Eliza  Fenn,  of  Connecticut,  by  whom 
he  has  two  children. 

JAMES  TURN  BULL,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  the  north  part  of 
Scotland  Aug.  22,  1816,  and  is  the  son  of 
William  and  Ellen  (Robinson)  Turnbull  ; 
his  father  was  a  shepherd  in  the  Highlands 
of  Scotland  ;  here  Mr.  T.  was  engaged  with 
his  father  until  he  was  1 6  years  of  age  ;  he 
then  worked  out  as  shepherd,  and  in  1850, 
with  his  wife  and  two  children,  emigrated 
to  America  ;  landed  in  New  York  July  8, 
1850  ;  they  first  settled  in  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y., 
farming  for  four  years  ;  then  came  West  to 
Illinois,  and  settled  in  Bureau  Co. ;  here 
he  remained  until  about  1864,  then  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  and  settled  in  Chatsworth  Tp.; 
he  remained  on  the  farm  until  1877,  when 
he  moved  on  his  present  place,  where  he 
has  retired  from  farming.  When  Mr. 
Turnbull  first  came  to  America  he  was 
worth  about  S300  ;  he  remained  East  four 
years  ;  not  successful;  he  came  West,  and 
ever  since  has  been  successful  in  life  ;  owns 
240  acres  of  fine,  improved  land.  Repub- 
lican in  politics.  Married  Miss  Agnes 
Quary,  of  Scotland,  by  whom  he  has 
sis  children. 

JOHN  TIMM,  lumber  merchant,  Chats- 
worth ;  was  born  in  Holstein,  Germany, 
Aug.  14,  1838  ;  sonof  Jochim  and  Annie 
( Stahl )  Timm,  of  Germany  ;  his  father  was 
a  butcher  ;  here  Mr.  Timm  worked  with 
his  father  in  this  business  until  about 
1850,  when  he  emigrated  to  America  and 
landed  in  New  York  City ;  then  West  to 
Chicago,  111.  ;  here  but  a  short  time ; 
thence  to  Blue  Island,  111. ;  here  his  father 
and  sister  died  with  the  cholera ;  then  to 
Will  Co.,  111. ;  engaged  in  farming  for  four 
years;  in  1861,  he  went  to  Mexico;  here 
for- six  months ;  thence  to  California  and 
Nevada  ;  engaged  in  butcher  business  ;  re- 
turned to  Illinois  in  1864,  and  settled  in 
Joliet ;  here  for  three  years  in  the  butcher 
business;  thence  to  Fairbury  two  years; 
thence  to  Chatsworth  in   1869;    in   1877, 


he  commenced  the  lumber  business.  He 
married,  in  1868,  to  Miss  Elizabeth  E, 
Robinson,  of  Ohio.  Mr.  Timm  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics 

JOHN  A.  TODD,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  RoWe,  Mass., 
Aug.  29,  1840,  and  is  the  son  of  Wm.  G. 
and  Cynthia  (^Gates )  Todd  ;  father  was  a 
cabinet  maker  by  trade ;  died  when  Mr. 
Todd  was  but  six  months  old  ;  he  remained 
on  a  farm  with  his  mother  until  he  was 
14  years  old ;  came  West  to  Illinois  to 
Kane  Co.  ;  here  he  remained  but  a  short 
time,  then  East  to  Vermont ;  engaged  in  a 
hospital  in  Brattleboro  for  eighteen 
months,  then  home  in  Massachusetts  ;  he 
then  returned  West  and  settled  in  Peoria, 
111. ;  engaged  in  farming,  restaurant,  etc., 
here  until  1862,  thence  to  Memphis,  Tenn., 
clerking  in  a  wholesale  grocery  house  until 
1865,  then  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.  ;  from 
here  he  made  a  visit  home,  then  to  Peoria 
and  Memphis ;  in  1866,  he  returned  to 
Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  on  the  farm 
that  he  now  lives  on,  which  he  had 
purchased — eighty  acres — while  in  Peoria 
1860.  Mr.  Todd  married* Miss  Sarah  Ann 
Green ;  six  children,  three  living ;  he 
owns  to-day  150  acres  of  land.  Is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics. 

CHAS.  TRUE,  M.  D. ;  Chatsworth  ; 
was  born  in  South  Bend,  Ind.,  Aug.  28, 
1843  ;  son  of  Glidden  and  Eliza  (Lowery) 
True ;  his  father  was  a  shoemaker  by 
trade.  Dr.  True,  at  the  begining  of  the 
late  war,  enlisted  in  the  First  Illinois 
Cavalry  for  three  years  as  bugler  of  Co. 
K  ;  he  served  fourteen  montks  ;  returned 
home  to  Prairie  du  Chion,  where  he 
entered  a  drug  store  as  clerk ;  here  he 
commenced  to  study  medicine  ;  thence  to 
Rush  Medical  College  of  Chicago,  where 
he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1865  and 
1866;  he  then  went  to  Lansing,  Iowa, 
where  he  commenced  his  first  practice  in 
medicine  ;  then  to  Chicago,  where  he  re- 
mained until  1871  ;  he  th^n  moved  to 
Chatsworth  and  has  been  engaged  in  his 
profession  ever  since,  and  to-d;iy  is  one  of 
the  prominent  M.  D.'s  of  Livingston  Co. 
Dr.  True  married,  in  1865,  to  Miss  Emlie 
Brisboys,  of  Wisconsin,  daughter  of 
B.  W.  Brisboys;  three  children. 

C.  A.  WILSON  &  CO.,  bankers,  Chats- 
worth ;  general  banking  business  ;  success- 
ors   to   the    Bank  of   Chatsworth,  which 


762 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


bank  was  organized  September,  1874, 
and  owned  by  C.  E.  Anthony,  C.  M.  An- 
thony, H.  Denhart,  R.  B.  M.  Wilson  and 
Chas.  A.  Wilson ;  this  bank  continued 
business  until  1877,  when  it  dissolved  and 
then  organized  as  general  banking  house 
of  C.  A.  Wilson  &  Co.,  whii!h  ranks  as 
one  of  the  most  solid  and  reliable  banking 
houses  of  Livingston  Co.  Dr.  R.  B.  M. 
Wilson,  the  senior  member  of  C.  A.  Wil- 
son &  Co,  now  of  Washington,  Tazewell 
Co.,  111.,  is  a  native  of  Ireland,  having  re- 
ceived all  the  honors  at  the  medical  school 
at  Glasgow  ;  he  emigrated  to  America  ;  to- 
day he  is  considered  as  one  of  the  finest 
physicians  of  Illinois ;  he  is  also  a  very 
extensive  land  owner ;  at  one  time  owned 
20,000  acres  of  fine  land ;  he  was  one 
of  the  first  land  owners  in  Germantown 
Tp.,  Livingston  Co.  Mr.  Wilson  has 
placed  his  son,  C.  A.  Wilson,  at  the  head 
of  the  banking  house,  whose  financial 
qualifications  and  cautious  business  charac- 
ter have  caused  him  to  rank  as  one  of  the 
most  solid  and  reliable  bankers  of  Living- 
ston Co.  Mr.  J.  E.  Brown,  the  book- 
keeper, is  the  son  of  Thos.  Y.  Brown,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  Livingston  Co. 

WILLIAM  H.  WAKELIN,  mer- 
chant, Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Warwick- 
shire, England,  June  29,  1847,  and  is  the 
son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Whorral) 
Wakelin,  of  P]ngland ;  his  father  was  a 
baker  by  trade  ;  in  1859,  he  emigrated  to 
America  with  his  family,  and  landed  in 
New  York  City  ;  came  West  to  Illinois  and 
settled  in  El  Paso  ;  here  engaged  in  specu- 
lating. M^.  Wakelin  remained  in  El 
Paso  until  18G2  ;  he  then  went  to  Chica- 
go and  remained  until  18C6,  engaged  in 
the  steam  bakery  business ;  thence  to  Fair- 
bury,  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  entered  the 
bakery  and  grocery  business,  and  in  the 
Fall  of  1869  sold  out  and  moved  to  Chats- 
worth,  where  he  commenced  the  flour  and 
grocery  business ;  to-day  Mr.  Wakelin 
ranks  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  busi- 
ness men  of  Chatsworth  ;  is  a  very  promi- 
nent member  of  the  Odd-Fellows  and 
Mason  societies.  A  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Married,  in  1872,  to  Miss  Emma 
H.  Mahannah,  of  Dixon,  111.,  daughter  of 
J.  A.  Mahannah,  by  whom  he  has  one 
child. 

JUSTIN  H.  WYMAN,dry  goods,  Chats- 
worth ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is  one 


i 


of  the  leading  merchants  of  Chatsworth  , 
was  born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  July  5,  1836, 
and  is  the  son  of  Justin  M.  and  Martha 
(Hannaford)  VVyman  ;  his  father  was  en- 
gaged in  the  cabinet  making  business;  here 
Mr.  Wyman  remained  until  he  was  20 
years  old  ;  he  then  came  West  to  Illinois 
and  settled  in  Chicago;  here  engaged  in 
the  hardware  business  for  three  years ; 
then  to  Onarga ;  engaged  in  the  gener- 
al merchandising  business  for  three  years, 
thence  in  same  business  in  Iroquois  Co. 
for  three  years  ;  then  to  Chatsworth  in 
1875,  and  commenced  the  dry  goods, 
boots  and  shoes,  hats  and  caps,  clothing, 
gents'  furnishing  goods  and  carpets,  etc. 
business;  carries  a  stock  valued  about  at 
$8,000. 

JOHN  WALTER,  merchant,  Chats- 
worth ;  was  born  in  Baden,  Germany,  Dec. 
17,  1823,  and  is  the  sou  of  George  and 
Barbara  (Eungert)  Walter,  of  Germany  ; 
his  father  was  a  farmer  by  trade  ;  here  Mr. 
Walter  remained  until  he  was  14  years  of 
age  ;  he  then  set  out  and  commenced  to 
learn  his  trade  at  shoemaking  ;  after  serv- 
ing as  an  apprentice  for  three  years ,  he 
traveled  through  Germany  and  Switzerland, 
working  at  his  trade  ;  sailed  for  America 
on  the  ship  Seina  ;  landed  in  New  York 
March  14,  1851,  taking  fifty-six  days  to 
make  the  trip  ;  was  in  a  very  severe  storm, 
the  ship  losing  part  of  her  rigging  and 
leaking  very  badly  ;  had  to  work  all  pumps 
night  and  day  to  keep  the  vessel  afloat ; 
be  remained  in  New  York  about  three 
years.  While  here  he  married,  March  14, 
1852,  Miss  Elizabeth  Ruble,  of  Germany ; 
emigrated  West  to  Illinois,  and  first  settled 
in  Kankakee,  then  to  New  Lisbon,  Henry 
Co.,  Ind.;  here  nine  years  ;  thence  to  Kan- 
kakee two  years  ;  here  he  commenced  to 
keep  a  general  store,  boots,  shoes  and  dry 
goods  ;  in  1866,  he  came  to  Chatsworth 
and  commenced  business  on  a  small  capital; 
to-day  he  is  one  of  the  successful  merchants 
of  Chatsworth.  When  he  first  came  to 
America  he  was  very  poor  ;  hard  labor  and 
good  management  have  made  him  successful 
in  life;  thiee  children — George  (engaged 
in  the  bakery  business  at  Chatsworth), 
Louis  and  Albert.  Mr.  Walter  has  one  of 
the  oldest  Bibles  in  America,  and  very  val- 
uable ;  was  published  in  Zurich,  Switzer- 
land, by  Christ olfel  Kroschouer,  March  16, 
1536. 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


763 


SAMUEL  D.  WEBSTER,  retired, 
Chatsworth.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
■  is  one  of  the  best  known  and  highly  re- 
spected men  of  Livingston  Co.;  was  born 
in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  8, 1811 ;  his 
parents  are  Daniel  and  Jerushia  (Good- 
rich) Webster;  his  father  was  a  farmer; 
his  father  and  mother  died  when  he  was 
very  young ;  he  remained  on  the  farm  un- 
til he  was  30  years  old ;  then  set  out  in 
life,  and  was  extensively  engaged  in  con- 
tracting for  the  New  York  &  Erie  R.  R.; 
here  he  was  very  unfortunate,  and  lost 
$15,000  ;  he  then  returned  home  and  sold 
his  farm,  and  commenced  the  milling  busi- 
ness ;  this  business  he  remained  in  for 
twelve  years,  and  was  very  successful ;  in 
1861,  he  came  west  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  Anriawan  and  commenced  in  the  stock 
and  grain  business  here  for  seven  years  ; 
he  then  came  to  Chatsworth  in  1868,  where 
he  has  been  engaged  in  the  stock  and  grain 
business,  and  also  been  very  extensively  en- 
gaged in  loaning  money  and  buying  up  de- 
linquent taxes.  Mr.  Webster  married,  in 
1848,  to  Elizabeth  L.  Lewis,  of  New  York  ; 
had  but  one  child,  who  died  when  young. 

HENRY  WREDE,  boots  and  shoes, 
Chatsworth  ;  is  one  of  the  oldest  shoe- 
makers of  Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Han- 
over, Germany,  March  18,  1838  ;  his  par- 
ents are  John  H.  and  Louisa  (Pape) 
Wrede,  of  Germany  ;  in  1858,  with  his 
parents,  emigrated  to  America  ;  came  West 
and  settled  in  Cook  Co.,  111.;  Mr.  Wrede's 
first  business  in  life  was  shoemaking ;  this 
he  has  followed  ever  since  ;  he   has  been 


j  principally  at  work  in  Chicago  and  vicinity  ; 

I  then  to  Kankakee,  111.;  from  there  he  came 
to  Chatsworth  in  1867,  where  he  has  been 
engaged  in  the  boot  and  shoe  business  ever 
since ;  he  commenced  life  a  poor  boy,  but 
with  hard  labor,  industry  and  economy  he 
ranks  to-day  as  one  of  the  .successful  mer- 
chants of  Chatsworth.  He  married,  in 
Oct.,  1866,  to  Miss  M.  Pfifer,  of  Germany  ; 
have  five  children — August,  Louisa,  Ma- 
tilda, Edward,  Charles!  Mr.  Wrede  is 
a  member  of  the  Evangelical  Church. 

JOHN  YOUNG,  merchant,  Chats- 
worth. The  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  in  Indiana  Co.,  Penn.,  March  8,  1831  ; 
son  of  John  and  Margret  (Hoffman) 
Young  ;  his  father  was  a  tailor  by  trade  ; 
here  Mr.  Young,  with  his  father,  com- 
menced to  learn  the  tailoring  bu-siness  ;  ■ 
when  he  was  very  young,  with  his  parents, 
moved  to  Ohio ;  his  first  tailoring  was  in 
Woodstock,  Ohio  ;  while  here  he  married, 
in  1853,  to  Miss  Malvina  Smith,  daughter 
of  Dexter  Smith  ;  he  remained  at  Wood- 
stock about  twelve  years,  then  to  El  Paso, 
111.;  here  he  carried  on,  besides  his  tailor- 
ing business,  dry  goods,  and  remained  about 
six  years  ;  then  to  Kansas  ;  not  liking  the 
country,  he  returned  to  Illinois,  and  set- 
tled in  Chatsworth  in  1 870 ;  here  he  has 
been  ever  since,  engaged  in  the  general  mer- 
chant business.  Mr.  Young  started  in  life 
a  poor  boy,  but  with  hard  work  he  man- 
aged to  save  $75  cash  ;  he  and  his  brother 
then  started  in  business  ;  with  good  man- 
agement, to-day  is  one  of  the  successful 
merchants  of  Chatsworth. 


FORREST    TOWNSHIP. 


ALLAN   A.   BURTON,   LL.  D. 

(deceased),   lawyer   and    farmer,  Forrest. 
\  Judge  Burton,  whose  portrait  appears  in 
,  this  work,  was  born  in  Garrard  Co.,  Ky., 
I  Feb.    U,   1820 ;    his   father,  Robert  A. 
I  Burton,  was  born  in   Garrard   Co.,   Aug. 
I  25,  1798  ;  his  mother's  maiden  name  was 
I  Sallie.  Williams,  a  native   of  North  Caro- 
lina, and   of    a   very  noted    fiimily;    his 
father  was  a  prominent  man  of  his  time. 
Judge  Burton  remained  at  home  until  he 
was  U  years  of  age,  when  he  entered  the 
County    Academy,  located    at    Lancaster, 


Garrard  Co.;  here  he  remained  three  years ; 
his  preceptor  at  Lancaster  was  John  A. 
Rousseau,  elder  brother  of  Gen.  Rousseau, 
who  figured  largely  in  the  civil  war  ;  at 
the  age  of  17, he  entered  the  High  School 
at  Richmond,  Ky.,  kept  by  the  late  Judge 
B.  B.  Meeker,  of  Minnesota,  who  was 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Court,  under 
the  administration  of  Gen.  Taylor ;  at 
19  years  of  age,  he  matriculated  in  Tran- 
sylvania University,  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  at 
that  time  under  the  presidency  of  Rev. 
H.  B.  Bascom,  the  finest  pulpit  orator  of 

10 


764 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


his  day  ;  here  he  pursued  a  special  course, 
looking  to  the  preparation  for  the  practice 
of  law,  at  the  same  time  reading  law  under 
the  supervision  of  Gen.  Leslie  Combs;    in 

1841,  he  left  the  University  and  engaged 
in   teaching    school   one  year;     in   June, 

1842,  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
chosen  profession  ;  for  twenty  years  he 
did  a  leading  business  at  the  bar  in  his 
own  and  adjoining  counties,  and  in  the 
Court  of  Appeals  in  Kentucky.  The  bar 
at  Lancaster  was  an  exceptionally  strong 
bar,  comprising  in  its  list  such  legal  advo- 
cates as  Hon.  Geo.  E,.  McKee,  Hon.  Geo. 
W.  Dunlap,  Hon.  Joshua  F.  Bell,  'Squire 
Turner  and  others  ;  for  many  years,  Mc- 
Kee, Dunlap,  Bell,  Turner  and  Judge 
Burton  did  the  leading  business  through- 
out the  entire  section  of  country.  In 
politics  he  was  a  Henry  Clay  Whig,  of 
the  anti-slavery  type,  although  of  a  decided 
pro-slavery  family,  and  co-operated  with 
the  Republican  party  from  its  earliest  for- 
mation and  long  before  the  party  had  any 
regular  organization  in  Kentucky  ;  he  was 
hostile  to  the  Mexican  war,  for  the  reason 
that  it  was  causeless  and  wicked ;  and  the 
only  time  he  was  ever  a  candidate  for  office 
before  the  people,  was  in  opposition  to  a  re- 
turned Mexican  Captain,  who  defeated 
him  for  a  seat  in  the  Legislature 
by  a  few  votes;  in  1849,  in  the  elec- 
tion of  delegates  to  frame  the  new 
Constitution  of  Kentucky,  he  made  an 
active  canvass,  favoring  the  insertion  of  a 
clause  of  prospective  emancipation ;  in 
1860,  he  was  a  delegate  for  the  State  of 
Kentucky  to  the  Convention  at  Chicago, 
which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  the 
Presidency,  and  was  favorable  to  his  nom- 
ination, and  in  the  same  year  was  an  Elect- 
or lor  the  State  at  large,  and  made  a  very 
active  canvass  in  support  of  Mr.  Lincoln  ; 
in  April,  following  the  inauguration  of 
Lincoln,  he  was  appointed  a  United  States 
Judge  in  the  Territory  of  Dakotah,  and 
after  accepting  the  appointment  he 
signed   it  to  aid  in 


re- 


organ  izmg 


the  loyal 
troops  of  Kentucky,  in  which  work  he 
was  engaged  until  August,  1861.  In  the 
mean  time,  having  been  appointed  United 
States  Minister  Resident  to  Bogota,  in  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  he  left  precip- 
itately for  his  post  of  duty  ;  his  urgent 
duties  for  the  time  consisting  in  de- 
feating the  plans  of  a  body  of  rebels  from 


the  United  States  who  had  assembled  in 
the  city  of  Panama  for  the  purpose  of 
seizing  upon  the  treasure  steamers  sailing  ' 
from  San  Francisco,  and  going  out  as 
Confederate  cruisers  ;  in  connection  with 
Consul  McKee  and  Commodore  Shufeldt. 
then  at  Panama,  he  succeeded  in  capturing 
most  of  them,  and  sent  them  on  board  a 
Spanish  ship  of  war  to  Fort  Albatross,  in 
San  Francisco  Bay ;  he  served  six  yearn 
as  American  Minister  at  Bogota ;  on  his 
return  he  resumed  his  practice  at  the  bar, 
at  Lancaster,  also  keeping  up  a  law  practice 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  until  July  29, 1876, 
when  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis  in  the 
left  side  ;  this  affliction  completely  cut  him 
off  from  the  active  pursuits  of  life.  The 
year  after  he  came  to  the  bar,  he  was  ap- 
pointed Criminal  Judge  by  Gov.  Letcher, 
of  Kentucky,  which  office  he  held  for  a 
number  of  years.  In  January,  1871,  under 
a  resolution  of  Congress,  President  Grant 
sent  a  Commission  consisting  of  the  late 
Benjamin  F.  Wade,  the  late  Samuel  G. 
Howe,  and  Pres^ident  Andrew  D.  White, 
and  Judge  Burton  as  Secretary  and  Inter- 
preter, to  the  island  of  San  Domingo,  to 
make  certain  inquiries  of  the  Dominican 
Government ;  he  discharged  the  duties  of 
his  office,  and  furnished  a  report  of  the 
Commission  to  the  United  States  authori- 
ties. His  library,  of  which  a  sketch  may  , 
be  found  in  the  body  of  this  work,  is  the 
most  complete  and  varied  of  any  through- 
out this  entire  section  ;  he  has  also  a  largo 
collection  of  rare  animals  and  birds  and 
interesting  relics,  collected  while  in  South 
America,  and  on  the  eastern  continent. 
He  was  married  Aug.  22,  1853,  to  Hattie 
Higgins,who  died  in  France  Dec.  8, 1872; 
his  second  marriage,  to  Lydia  E.  Francis, 
was  celebrated  Oct.  13,  1875.  He  owned 
820  acres  of  land  in  Livingston  Co.  and 
1,320  acres  in  Minnesota,  all  under  a  high 
state  of  cultivation  ;  his  farm  in  Minnesota 
yielding  30,000  bushels  of  wheat  in  1877. 
He  received  a  second  stroke  of  paralysis 
on  the  9th  of  July,  1878,  from  the  effects 
of  which  he  died  on  the  morning  of  the 
13th.  Starting  in  life  a  poor  boy,  he,  by 
dint  of  industry  and  good  management, 
left  at  his  demise  an  estate  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  eighty  to  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars  ;  and  now,  at  the  close  ot 
an  active  public  life,  his  body  rests  in  the 
beautiful   cemetery   near   Lancaster,  Ky., 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


765 


the  home  of  his  childhood,  and  amid  the 
scenes  of  his  early  conflicts  and  triumphs. 

EDWARD    BKOADHEAD.    farmer, 
P.  0.  Fornst;   the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Mancliester,  Enjiland,  July  2, 
1827  ;  in  1838,  his  fither  came  to  Amer- 
ica, and  settled  in  Cincinnati ;  soon  after 
cominji;,    he    was    lost    sight    of,    and    no 
word  from    him    for   many    years    reach- 
ing his  family,  he   wus   supposed  to  have 
died  ;  about  the  year  1855,  word  came  back 
that  he  was  still  living,  and  in  the  same 
year,  Edward,  then  a  married  man,  accom- 
panied   by    his  eldest  son,    embarked   for 
America,  to  find  his   father  and  prospect 
the  country  ;  the  favorable  impression  re- 
ceived in  the  New  World,  and  thepmspect 
of  one  day  gaining  for  himself  and  family 
a  good  home,  induced  him  to  remain,  and 
the  following  year  his  father's  family  and  his 
own,  consisting  of  a  wife  and  three  children, 
joined  them ;  he  first  settled  in  Tazewell 
Co.,  and  engaged  in  farm  labor;  in  1859, 
moved  to  McLean  Co.,  near  Danvers ;  in 
the  Spring  of  1807,  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  he  now 
livcs.     Was  married   March   6,   1847,  lo 
Nancy  McDonald,  a  native  of  England  ;  has 
seven  children — William,  John,  Mary  J., 
Joseph,  George,  Cornelia  and  Lavina ;  owns 
160   acres.     He  is  a   Methodist,   and    in 
politics     a     Republican.     The     years    of 
his    early    manhood    were    spent   in   the 
machine  shops   of  Manchester,   in   which 
wa.s  manufactured  machinery  for  the  pro- 
duction of  cotton  and  silk  fabrics ;  2,000 
hands  were  often  employed  in  these  shops. 
He  is  to-day  ranked  among  the  successful 
farmers  of  Living-stou  Co. 

LUCIAN  BULLARD,  Postmaster  and 
Notary  Public,  Forrest;  born  in  St. 
Lawrence,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  31, '1831;  in  the 
Fall  of  184-4,  he  came  with  the  family  to 
Bureau  Co.,  111. ;  after  the  death  of  his 
father,  in  1847,  he  and  the  family  pur- 
chased eighty  acres  of  land  from  the  Gov- 
ernment, at  $1.25  per  acfe ;  this  he  im- 
proved, remaining  at  home  until  1853, 
when  he  entered  the  Academy  at  Gran- 
ville;  in  1854,  he  entered  the  Preparatory 
Department  of  Knox  College,  at  that  time 
under  the  presidency  of  Rev.  Dr.  Blanch- 
ard,  now  of  Wheaton  College  ;  here  he  re- 
mained but  a  short  time,  and  then  engaged 
in  teaching;  in  1854  or  1855,  he  began 
the  study  of  medicine,  at  Victoria,  Knox 


Co.,   prosecuting   it    for    a   term    of  nine 
months,  when,  on  account  of  ill-health,  he 
abandoned  it  and  returned  to  the  farm  ;  at 
a  later  period,  he  again   entered  upon  the 
study  of  his  chosen  profession,  but  finally 
abandoned  it  for  want  of  health  ;  he  next 
engaged    at    the   cabinet-making  business 
for  three   years,   and    again    returned    to 
the   farm  ;  in    18G4,    lie    disposed  of  his 
land  in   Bureau  Co.,  and,  in  1865,  moved 
to  Living.ston  Co.,  purcha.sing  the  S.  W.  ', , 
Sec.  34,  T.  27;  in    1866,  moved  to  the 
village  of  Forrest;  in  April,  1875,  was  ap- 
pointed   Postmaster    under   Gen.    Grant's 
administration,  and  has  been  continued  in 
oflSce   ever  since  ;  in  connection  with  the 
ofiice,    he    keeps   a    full    line    of    books, 
periodicals    and    stationery;  in    1870,  he 
was  commissioned  Notary  Public  by  Gov. 
John  M.  Palmer,  and  was  re- commissioned 
Sept.  28,  1874,  by  Gov.  John   L.  Bever- 
idge.     He  was  married  Dec.  31,  1861,  to 
Lizzie  Clement,  of  Bureau   Co. ;  has  two 
children — Nettie    and    Nerva.     He    is   a 
Republican,  and  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature  in    1872,    to    represent    the    18th 
District;  has  held  the  ofiice  of  Justice  of 
the  Peace  three  or  four  years ;  has  been 
Supervisor  and  Township  Assessor  for  the 
past  seven  or  eight  year? ;  has  been  Town- 
ship Treasurer  for  the  past  three  years  ;  in 
all  these  offices  of  responsibility  and  trust, 
he  has  faithfully  discharged  his  duties,  and 
no  breath  of  su.spicion  has  ever  been  raised 
against  his  uprightness  and  moral  integrity. 
.    ALBERT   CORDING,   tnerchant,  P. 
0.  Norman;  was   born   in   Somersetshire, 
England,    June  24,   1843;  he  emigrated 
to  America  in  Sept.,  1872,  and  located  in 
Chicago,  as  bookkeeper   for  Geo.  Ross  & 
Co.,   wholesale   grocers;  he    remained    in 
Chicago  about  two  years,  not,  hoAvever,  in 
the  employ  of  the  same  firm  during  the 
whole  period  ;  in  January,  1875,  he  located 
at  Norman,  Livingston  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  and  grocery   business  for 
himself.     He  was  married  in  May,  1875, 
to  Ida  J.  Seaton,  a  native  of  Illinois ;  has 
one  child — George    E.     Is   a  member  of 
the  M.  E.  Church,  and  in  politics  a  Re- 
publican.    Mr.    Cording  does  a  thriving 
business   in   his   line,  and  has  gained   an 
enviable  reputation  for  honesty   and  fair 
dealing  ;  in  addition  to  his  labors  as  pro- 
prietor and  salesman  in  his  store,  he  has 
charge  of  the  post  ofiice  of  the  village. 


766 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


WILLIAM  P.  COOK,  farmer;  P.  0.  ! 
Forrest ;  was  born  near  Tetford,  Lincoln-  i 
shire,  England,  Feb.  14,  1819;  in  the  j 
Spring  of  1852,  in  company  with  an  elder 
brother,  he  emigrated  to  America  and  set- 
tled near  Attica,  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.;  in 
the  Fall  of  1860,  he  removed  to  Illinois 
and  settled  in  McLean  Co.,  west  of  Bloom- 
ington  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1866,  he  came 
to  Livingston  Co.  and  purchased  the  farm 
en  which  he  now  resides.  Was  married 
March,  1857,  to  Mary  Ships,  a  native  of  ; 
Hardy  Co.,W.Va.;  has  had  four  children — 
Albert  E.  and  Carvosso  W.,  living;  Moses 
and  Aaron  (twins),  dead.  Owns  80  acres 
of  land.  Republican;  M.  E.  Church. 
Has  held  the  office  of  School  Director  for 
six  years.  His  chances  for  acquiring  an 
education  have  been  quite  limited,  but  by 
industry  and  perseverance  since  he  came 
to  America,  he  has  procured  tlii-ough  his 
own  exertions  a  fair  knowledge  of  the 
fundamental  rules  of  arithmetic,  and  is  an 
average  scholar  in  reading  and  writing  ; 
he  is  a  successful  farmer,  and  is  a  man 
highly  esteemed  by  his  neighbors  for  his 
many  noble  qualities. 

DANIEL  DUCKETT,  physician ;  For- 
rest; born  near  Wedmore,  Somersetshire, 
England,  Jan.  16,  1834;  left  home  at  the 
age  of  12  years,  and  worked  at  the  dairy 
business ;  for  a  few  succeeding  years,  he 
engaged  in  farming  and  carpentering;  in 
1853  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  first 
settled  in  Marcellus,  N.  Y.;  here  he  re- 
mained one  and  a  half  years,  working  at 
his  trade  ;  in  the  Fall  of  1855,  he  came  to 
Illinois  and  stopped  in  Whitefield  Tp., 
Marshall  Co.,  and  attended  school  during 
the  Winter;  the  following  Summer  he 
located  in  Henry,  and  again  worked  at  his 
trade;  in  the  Spring  of  1857,  he  went  to 
Chicago  and  attended  the  common  schools 
one  year;  in  January,  1858, he  entered  the 
High  school,  which  he  attended  three  or 
four  years;  in  1862,  entered  upon  the 
study  of  medicine ;  his  tutor  was  Prof  J. 
H.  Hollister,  of  Chicago  Medical  College 
(then  known  as  the  Medical  Department 
of  Linn  University^ ;  during  the  time  he 
was  attending  school  he  also  acted  in  the 
capacity  of  carrier  for  the  Chicago  Jour- 
nal^ at  first  receiving  $2.50  per  week  ;  by 
an  arrangement  afterward  made  he  was  en- 
abled to  make  from  five  to  ten  dollars  per 
week;  he  graduated  in  March,  1865;  im- 


mediately   after    graduating   he    went   to 
Louisville,   Ky.,  where  he  was  examined 
by   the    Board  of   Surgeons,  and   having 
passed  a  satisfactory  examination,  was  sent 
to  the  Purveyor  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and 
by  him  was  sent  into  the  field  as  Assistant 
Surgeon  in  the  U.  S.  Army ;  he  remained 
with     the    forces    actively    engaged   until 
Sept.,  1865,  at  which  date  he  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service.  In  the  Winter  of 
1865,  he  returned  on  a  visit  to  England; 
he  returned  to  America  in  the  Spring  of 
1867,  and  located  in  Forrest  in  September 
following,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession  ;  in  the  disastrous  fire  which 
occurred  in  Dec,  1872,  Dr.  Duckett  was 
among  the  unfortunate ;    his    drug   store 
was  wholly  destroyed,  entailing  upon  him  a 
loss  of  $4,000,  with  only  an  insurance  for 
$1,000.     He  was  married  to  Emma  Nor- 
man, a  native  of  Somersetshire,  England ; 
has    had   three  children,   two  living,  one 
dead  —  Norman    A.,    Franklin    W.,    and 
Edith     May.      Republican ;     attends   the 
Congregational  Church.     Is  proprietor  of 
the  only  drug  store  in  town  ;  owns  240 
acres  of  land.     Dr.  Duckett  is  the  oldest 
established  practitioner  in  the  village,  and 
is  recognized  by  the  medical  fraternity  as 
'   a  man   of   fine   ability,   thoroughly  fitted 
and  well  adapted  to  his  profession  ;  his  ex- 
perience has  been  large  and  varied  in  the 
practice  of  his   profession ;    in  the  treat- 
ment of  disease  and  in  the  performance  of 
surgical  operations  he  stands  at  the  head 
of  his  profession ;  his  practice  is  large  and 
'  remunerative. 

FRED  DUCKETT,  druggist,  Forrest ; 
was  born  in  Wedmore,  Somersetshire, 
England,  Nov.  10,  1840  ;  at  the  age  of 
14  he  emigrated  to  America  and  settled 
at  Marcellus,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y.;  here 
he  engaged  in  farm  work,  receiving  $4  per 
month;  he  next  located  in  Oswego  Co., 
N.  Y.;  after  a  short  sojourn  he  came  West 
to  Marshall  Co.,  111.,  thence  to  Peoria  Co., 
with  the  intention  of  studying  surveying 
under  the  supervision  of  County  Surveyor 
D.  B.  Allen ;  unforeseen  events,  however, 
prohibited  him  from  prosecuting  the  de- 
sired work ;  here  he  remained  until  the 
I  breaking  out  of  the  civil  war;  June  6, 
1862,  he  enlisted  in  Co.  K,  11th  I.  V.  C, 
Col.  Robt.  G.  Ingersoll,  commanding ;  was 
in  the  service  three  years  and  four  months ; 
participated  in  the  battles  of  Lexington, 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP 


767 


Tenn.,  Parker  ^  Cross  Roads,  Jackson, 
Tonn.,  Bolivar,  and  manj  others  of  less 
note ;  he  was  discharged  for  promotion 
Dec.  31, 1865,  and  promoted  to  Second  Lieu-  , 
tenantcy ;  at  the  close  of  the  war  he  re- 
turned to  Peoria  Co.  and  engaged  in  the 
nursery  business ;  this  he  still  runs  in 
connection  with  his  clerkship  in  the  store; 
in  1867,  came  to  Forrest.  Was  married 
Feb.    19,  18GC),  to  Mary  E.   Munhall,  a 


Jennie  S.,  Arthur  F.,  Jesse  S.,  Willie 
and  May  ;  the  eldest  child  died  in  infancy. 
Republican.  Methodist.  Owns  80  acres 
in  Kansas,  near  Emporia.  Has  held  the 
office  of  Township  Collector  two  terms ; 
has  been  a  member  of  the  village  council 
two  or  three  different  times. 

ALBERT  DAVIS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Strawn ;  was  born  in  Delaware  Co.,  Ohio, 
Ajiril  14,  1836;  in  1840,  became  with  his  i 
fatlier's  family  to  Illinois  and  settled  in  Mar-  j 
shallCounty  ;  in  1860,  he  moved  to  Living- 
ston County  and  settled  on  the  southeast 
quarter  of  Sec.  34,  where  he  now  resides. 
He  was  married  March  18,  1858,  to  Emily 
Malone,  a  native  of  Ohio ;  has  seven  chil- 
dren— Elma.  Laura  A.,  Katie  M.,  William 
S.,  Minnie,  Charles  D.  and  Elmer.  Owns 
160  acres,  valued  at  $3,000.  Democrat. 
Has  held  the  office  of  School  Director, 
No  man  in  his  community  outranks  Mr. 
Davis  in  successful  farming ;  his  neatly 
dressed  farm,  his  desirable  residence,  with 
its  pleasant  surroundings,  impress  one 
with  the  fact  that  he  is  a  thoroughgoing 
man ;  he  enters  upon  every  undertaking 
with  a  purpose  to  succeed,  and  failure  has 
no  place  assigned  to  it  in  his  dictionary. 

SPRINGER  DIXON,  farmer;  P.O. 
Norman  ;  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn., 
March  1,  1833;  in  the  Winter  of  1854, 
he  removed  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1857,  came  to  Putnam  Co.,  111., 
and  settled  near  Magnolia;  in  1861,  he 
moved  to  La  Salle  County  ;  in  1860,  came 
to  Livingston  County;  in  1870,  settled  on 
the  northeast  quarter  of  Section  34,  where 
he  now  lives.  He  was  married  in  1 855  to 
Mary  A.  Sampey,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
has.  seven  children — Charlie,  Lincoln, 
George,  James,  Sullen,  Elizabeth  and  Rose. 
He  owns  160  acres,  worth  $5(1  per  acre. 
RepuV)lican  ;  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church. 
Has  held  the  office  of  Road  Commissioner 
and  School  Director. 


ROBERT  V.  DOWNING,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Str  iwn ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  22, 
1832  ;  he  remained  with  his  parents  until 
his  majority  ;  the  years  of  his  early  man- 
hood were  spent  in  teaching  and  clerking  ; 
in  addition  to  his  common  school  education, 
he  was  a  student  for  about  one  year  at  the 
University  of  l,e\visburg  ;  in  1854,  he 
came  West  and  settled  in  La  Salle  ;  here 


native  of  Ohio;    has   had  .six  children —      he 


engaged 


in   merchandising ;    in    1866, 


moved  to  Livingston  County  and  purchased 
the  southeast  quarter  of  Sec.  25,  Forrest 
Township  ;  in  1867,  moved  to  bis  present 
home.  He  was  married  Sept.  25,  1857, 
to  Lydia  Hartshorn,  a  native  of  New  York 
State  ;  has  eight  children — Wm.  F.,  Sarah, 
Charles  H.,  Robert  V.,  Jr.,  Mary,  Albert 
C,  Ella  and  an  infant  son.  Owns  160 
acres.  Republican  ;  Methodist.  Mr.  Down- 
ing is  a  man  possessed  of  fine  social  quali- 
ties, and  is  highly  esteemed  by  his  neigh- 
bors and  friends.     Has  held  the  office  of 

A_S*^GSS01' 

JOHN  _  L.  DELATOUR,  merc])ant, 
Forrest ;  born  in  Platteville,  Wis.,  Sept. 
18,  1852  ;  is  the  son  of  J.  J.  and  S.  J. 
Delatour  ;  in  1857,  removed  with  his  par- 
ents to  Granville,  Putnam  Co.,  111.  ;  in 
1865,  his  father  moved  to  Aurora,  Kane 
Co.,  111. ;  here  John  attended  the  schools 
until  1869,  when  he  entered  the  employ  of 
C.  H.  Reeves,  dealer  in  ready-made  cloth- 
ing, as  clerk;  in  1870,  he  clerked  for  S. 
Felsenheld,  also  a  clothing  merchant ;  in 
March,  1871,  he  came  to  Forrest  and 
engaged  in  the  capacity  of  clerk  for  J.  H. 
Earl  ;  with  him  he  continued  until  Dec. 
23,  1872,  at  which  time  a  disastrous  fire 
occurred,  which  destroyed  the  store  of  his 
employer,  and,  indeed,  the  whole  business 
poi'tion  of  the  village;  March  5,  1873,  he 
bought  T.  J.  Kerr's  interest  in  the  firm  of 
Kerr  &  Hinman,  and  thus  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  present  firm  of  Hinnuin  &  Del- 
atour. He  was  married  Nov.  28,  1874, 
to  Maggie  J.  Wallace,  of  Forrest ;  has  one 
child— Albert  AV.,  born  April  29,  1876. 
Republican.  Is  a  member  of  the  City 
Council,  and  is  a  very  popular  business 
man ;  has  a  pleasing  address,  and  is  dc- 
servedlv  popular  as  a  salesman. 

STEPHEN  A.  DUNHAM,  M.  D.,  For- 
rest; was  born  in  AVashburn,  Marshall  Co., 
Ill,  July  12,  1851  ;  is  the  son  of  Kbenezer 
and  Catharine  (Sweet)  Dunham ;  he  re- 


768 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


mained  at  home  until   19  years  of  age,  at- 
tending school  in  Winter  and  assisting  on 
the  farm  during  Summer ;  on  leaving  home, 
he  entered  the  High  School  at  Chenoa, 
McLean  Co.  ;  here  he  remained  one  year  ; 
he  next  engaged  in  teaching  at  La  Rose, 
Marshall  Co.,  continuing  one  year  and  a 
half,  and  at  the  same  time  prosecuting  the 
study  of  law  ;  at  the  close  of  a  year's  study, 
feeling  that  he  lacked  some  of  the  elements 
that  go  to  make  up  a  successful  pleader  at 
the  bar,  he  abandoned  the  further  study  of 
the  law  for  that  of  medicine  ;  in  the  Fall  of 
1869,  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Banta,  of  Chenoa,  preparatory  to  en- 
tering upon  a  full  course  in  College  ;  in  the 
Fall  of  1872,  he  entered  Bellevue  Hospital 
Medical  College.  New  York,  completing  a 
full    course   and    graduating    with    honor 
March  1,  1875  ;  during  the  last  year  of  his 
college  course  he  practiced  largely  in  what 
is  termed  the  out-door  practice  ;  soon  after 
leaving  college  he  located  at  Forrest,  his 
present  home,  and  by  industry  and  close 
attention    to    business    has   succeeded    in 
building  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice  ; 
having  thoroughly  prepared  himself  for  his 
chosen  life-work,  he  has  met  with  gratify- 
ing success,  both  in  the  practice  of  medi- 
cine and  in  the  operations  of  surgery.    He 
is  a  gentleman  of  pleasing  address  and  of 
fine  social  qualities,  and  bids  fair  to  make 
his  mark  in  the  front  ranks  of  his  profes- 
sion. 

STEPHEN  A.  HOYT,  grain,  lumber 
and  stock  merchant,  Forrest ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  whose  portrait  appears  in  an- 
other part  of  the  work,  was  born  in  Sau- 
gerties,  N.  Y.,  July  27,  1834;  he  is  the 
eldest  son  of  E.  C.  and  Amelia  (Myerj 
Hoyt ;  he  remained  at  home,  attending 
school  most  of  the  time,  till  the  age  of  17, 
when  he  went  to  Kingston  and  engaged  in 
learning  the  carjjenter's  trade ;  here  he  re- 
mained three  years ;  he  then  returned  to 
Saugerties  and  worked  at  his  trade ;  in  the 
year  1855,  he  was  deprived  of  his  mother 
by  death,  and  the  following  year,  of  his 
father ;  the  cares  of  the  family  devolved 
upon  him ;  in  August,  1857,  he  came 
West,  seeking  a  better  field  for  plying  his 
trade ;  a  kit  of  tools  and  S49  in  money 
comprised  his  earthly  wealth  ;  he  stopped  a 
short  time  in  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis,  then 
came  to  Bloomington,  McLean  Co.,  and 
remained    until    April,     1858 ;    he    next 


located  at  Eureka,  Woodford  Co. ;  here  he 
remained  till  the  breaking-out  of  the  civil 
war.  In  April,  1 861,  he  enlisted  in  Capt.  0. 
A.  Burgess'  Co.  Gr,  17th  I.  V.  L,  under  com- 
mand of  Col.  Leonard  F.  Ross  ;    he  re- 
mained in  the  service  three  years  ;  was  act- 
ively engaged  in  the  important  battles  of 
Fort  Donelson    and    Pittsbura:  Landing  • 
having  received  a  wound  in  his  left  arm  in 
the  last-mentioned  battle,  he  was  detailed 
for  duty  in  the  Signal  Corps ;  in  this  service 
he  remained  but  a  few  months,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  clerk  in  the  Provost  Mar- 
shal Greneral's  office.  Department  of  Ten- 
nessee, Gen.  Grant  commanding  ;  at  the  for- 
mation   of  the    Military  Division  of  the 
Mississippi,  composed  of  the  Departments 
of  Tennessee,    Cumberland   and  Ohio,  he 
was   assigned  to  duty  at  Nashville,  Gen. 
Grant's  headquarters  ;  here  he  remained  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties  until  Grant 
was  made  Lieutenant  General  of  the  U.  S. 
firces  and  was  transferred  to  the  Potomac, 
when,   his  term  of  enlistment  having  ex- 
pired, he  was  discharged  from  the  service 
in  June,  1864  ;  he  returned  to  Eureka  and 
remained  about  one  and  a  half  years.     He 
was  married  Oct.  3,  1865,  to  Rutilia  Gil- 
lum,  a  native  of  La  Fayette,  Christian  Co., 
Ky. ;  soon  after  marriage  he  settled  at  For- 
rest, Livingston  Co.,  and  engaged  in  the 
lumber   trade;    Forrest   at  that  time  was 
almost  without  a  beginning,  and  thousands 
of  the  broad,   fertile  acres  by  which  it  is 
surrounded   were  wild,  unbroken   prairie ; 
soon  permanent  settlements  began   to  be 
made,  and  his  trade  in  lumber  became  almost 
limitless,  always  yielding  him  a  handsome 
profit ;   in   1869,  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  E.  P.  Beebe  in  the  handling  of  grain  ; 
to-day  they    have  the  reputation  of  han- 
dling a  better  grade  of  corn  than  any  firm 
along  the  line  of  the  T.  P.  &  W.  Railroad ; 
they  obtain  the  highest  market  price  for 
all  shipments  ;  their  elevator  is  perfect  in 
all  its  appointments,  enabling  them  to  han- 
dle   300,000    bushels    during  the  season, 
with  the  aid  of  three  men.     He  has  held 
the  ofiice  of  J.  P.,  School  Director,  School 
Trustee  ;  at  present  holds  the  office  of  Su- 
pervisor.    Republican  ;    Christian.     Owns 
320   acres  of  land  in  Livingston  Co.,  and 
1 60  acres  oear  ^Vichita,  Kansas  ;  also  owns 
considerable  town  property  in  Forrest;  to 
no  one  man,  perhaps,  is  Forrest  more  in- 
debted for  her  prosperity  and  success  in 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


769 


her  varied  enterprises  than  to  Mr.  Hoyt, 
and  to  no  one  do  her  citizens  and  those  of 
the  surrounding  country  point  with  a  juster 
pride  as  a  model  business  man,  one  wlio  is 
strictly  honest  and  upiiirht  in  all  his  deal- 
ings, than  to  him. 

JAxMES  B.  HINMAN,  merchant,  For- 
rest ;  born  in  Chenango  Co.,  N.   Y.,   Nov. 
U5,  1846  ;  is  the  son  of  James  and  Martha 
E.  Hinnian  ;  at  the  age  of  3  years,,  he  went 
to  live  with  a  cousin  of  his  father's;  remained 
with  him  eight  years,  farming  during  the 
Summer,  and  attending  school  during  the 
Winter  ;    in  1858,  he  went  to  live  with  a 
Mr.   Bennett ;   remained  for  a  period   of 
four  years.    January,  18()4,  enlisted  in  Co. 
L,  22d  N.  Y.   Cavalry,   under    command 
of  Col.  Sam.  J.    Crook  ;  remained   in  the 
United  States  service  about  nineteen  months; 
participated  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek, 
in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  in  which  battle 
he  was  taken  prisoner ;  was    confined    in 
Libby    Prison  one  month,  and   afterward 
in  Salisbury,  N.   C.,  three  months  ;  imme- 
diately after  the  capture    of   Wilmington, 
N.  C,  he  was  paroled,  and  just  before  the 
assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  was  ex- 
changed ;  he  returned  home  and  was  strick- 
en down  with  disease,  the  seeds  of  which,  no 
doubt,  were  sown  by  exposure  and  hardships 
(if   prison    life;    after    eight   weeks'    con- 
finement, he  started  for   Annapolis,  Md., 
to    be   mustered    out,    but    was    detained 
by  spet'ial  order  at   Elmira,    N.    Y.,  until 
July    31,    1865,    when    he    received    an 
honorable   discharge.    In    Oct.,    1865,  he 
came  to  Lawn  Ridge,  Marshall  Co.,  111., 
and  entered  the  employ  of  S.   &    W.    H. 
Cornell,  as  clerk ;  here  he  remained  until 
the  Fall  of  1869,  when  became  to  Forrest, 
Livingston  Co.,  and   entered  the  store  of 
John  H.  Earl,  as  clerk  ;  at  the  expiration 
of  two  years,  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
T.  J.  Kerr,  under  the  firm  name  of  Kerr 
&  Hinman  ;  Mr.  Kerr  retired  the  following 
Spring,  and  the  firm  of  Hinman  &  Delatour 
was  formed.     Was  married  Dec.  16,  1868, 
to  Ella  Blood,  of  Stark  Co.,  111. ;  one  child 
— Guy  Bertrand,  born  Jan.  9,  1872.     Re- 
publican ;  Congregationalist.    Has  held  the 
office  of  Town    Clerk,    and    at    present    is 
Town  Trustee.     The    firm    of  Hinman  & 
Delatour  is  the  leading  firm  of  the  village  ; 
a  full  and  complete  stock  of  dry  goods  and 
groceries    can   be  found  in  their  rooms  at 
all  times. 


AMIEL  HARMON,  farmer,  P.  O. 
Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  Feb. 
2,  1842;  in  1851,  he  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica, and  settled  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  near 
Ottawa.  Sept.  9,  1861,  he  enlisted  in 
Co.  A,  4th  1.  V.  C.  Feb.  18,  1866,  he 
was  discharged,  having  been  in  the  service 
over  four  years ;  he  participated  in  the  bat- 
tles of  Columbus,  Fort  Henry,  sieore  of 
Vicksburg,  and  many  others  of  less  impor- 
tance ;  in  1865,  his  regiment  was  consoli- 
dated with  the  12th  Illinois,  and  he  was 
assigned  to  Co.  M  ;  he  was  wounded  in 
the  thigh,  and  carries  a  minie  ball  in  his 
hip  to-day.  Was  married  Sept.  27,  1866, 
to  Mary  E.  Cashion,  a  native  of  Ireland  ; 
has  six  children — Addie,  Albert  J.,  Joseph 
H.,  Louie  H.,  Charles  B.  and  Harry.  Dem- 
ocrat; is  a  member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 
Owns  160  acres  ;  Mr.  Harmon  is  a  thrifty, 
industrious,  go-ahead  farmer. 

BEN.  MAJOR,  farmer,  P.  0.  Strawn  ; 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  near 
Eureka,  Woodford  Co.,  111.,  June  4,  1854; 
he  is  the  son  of  William  and  Elizabeth 
(Dickinson)  Major,  and  grandson  of  Ben. 
Major  who  figures  prominently  in  the  early 
history  of  Woodfurd  Co.  ;  he  remained  with 
his  parents  until  22  years  of  age ;  besides 
his  attendance  upon  the  public  schools,  he 
was  a  student  in  Eureka  College,  about 
j  two  years ;  in  April,  1876,  he  moved  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  and  settled  on  the  southwest 
quarter  of  Sec.  36;  he  owns  160  aores,  and 
has  a  large  part  of  it  in  a  good  state  of  cul- 
tivation. He  is  unmarried,  but  it  is 
thought  by  many  of  his  intimate  friends 
that  he  will  not  be  able  much  longer  to 
!  withstand  Cupid's  shafts.  He  is  a  stanch 
Republican,  and  was  raised  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  Christian  Church  ;  his  pros- 
pects for  becoming  one  of  the  leading  men 
of  his  counnunity  at  no  distant  day  are 
flattering. 

JOHN  McCRYSTAL,  farmer ;  P.  0. 

Forrest ;   was  born    March   17,   1832,  in 

Prescott  Co.,  Upper  Canada ;  in   1856,  he 

I   came  to  Illinois,   and  settled   near   Utica ; 

here  he  engaged  in  farming;   in   1869,  he 

came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  on  the 

farm  where  he    now   resides.     In    March, 

;    1862,  he  was  married  to  Jane  Jemison,  a 

native    of   Canada;    has   four    children — 

Theron  U.,  Viola  B.,  Clara  B.  and  Minnie 

E.     Owns  80  acres.      Democrat ;  Catholic. 

t   Though,  comparatively  speaking,  a  small 


770 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


land  owner,  he  farms  extensively,  his  pres- 
ent average  of  corn  being  near  125  acres  ; 
being  energetic  and  prudent  in  the  man- 
agement of  his  affairs,  he  bids  fair  to  rival 
his  neighbors  at  no  distant  day  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  rich,  broad  acres  of  fertile 
prairie  surrounding  him. 

ROBERT  MONTGOMERY,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Forrest;  was  born  near  Ayr,  Ayr- 
shire, Scotland,  May  21,  1832  ;  at  the  age 
of  24  years  he  immigrated  to  America  and, 
on  arrival,  stopped  for  a  short  time  in  Chi- 
cago ;  he  first  located  in  Oneida,  Knox 
Co.,  111. ;  Jan.,  1858,  he  removed  to  Pat- 
erson,  N.  J.;  in  the  Fall  of  18G1,  re- 
turned to  Oneida,  and  in  the  Fall  of  1868, 
went  again  to  Paterson  ;  Fall  of  1864, 
located  for  the  third  time  in  Oneida ; 
during  these  years  he  worked  at  his  trade, 
that  of  tinner  and  coppersmith ;  while 
residing  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  he  was  em- 
ployed in  the  shops  of  the  Erie  Railroad ; 
in  the  Fall  of  1868,  he  located  near  the 
present  town  of  Forrest,  on  the  farm 
which  he  now  owns.  He  was  married 
April  2,  1868,  to  Maggie  Norwood,  a  na- 
tive of  Patterson,  N.  J. ;  has  two  children 
— Thomas  J.  and  William  J.  Republican ; 
Presbyterian.  Owns  eighty  acres  in  Sec. 
22,  worth  $50  per  acre. 

RICHARD  E.  NORMAN,  farmer  and 
stock  dealer ;  P.  0.  Forrest ;  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  near  Taunton, 
Somersetshu-e,  Eng.,  May  7,  1836 ;  he 
immigrated  with  his  father's  family  to 
Canada  in  1858,  and  settled  near  Hamil- 
ton, Wentworth  Co. ;  in  1864,  he  settled 
in  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  on  the  farm  where 
he  now  resides.  He  was  married  March 
26,  1861,  to  Mary  C.  Graham,  a  native  of 
Canada ;  no  children.  Methodist.  Takes 
no  part  in  politics.  To  no  one  man  is 
Forrest  Township  as  much  indebted  for  the 
introduction  of  a  high  grade  of  first-class 
horses,  sheep  and  hogs,  as  to  Mr.  Norman ; 
his  thoroughbred  Clydesdale  horses  stand 
unrivalled  throughout  this  entire  region  ;  in 
the  quality  of  hogs  and  sheep,  he  stands 
first  in  the  front  rank.  In  the  formation 
of  the  Fairbury  Agricultural  Board,  which 
was  organized  Jan.  26, 1876,  he  took  a  very 
active  part,  and  for  two  years  was  a  Director. 
Owns  140  acres,  worth  $50  per  acre.  His 
fine  social  qualities  and  those  of  his  most 
excellent  wife  make  his  house  a  most  de- 
sijiable  resort  for  social  entertainment. 


WILLIAM  NORMAN,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Norman ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  near  Taunton,  Somersetshire,  Eng., 
Dec.  2,  1838 ;  in  1858,  he  immigrated  to 
Canada  and  settled  near  Hamilton,  Went- 
worth Co.;  in  1864,  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  111.,  and  settled  on  the  farm  where  he 
now  resides.  He  was  married  in  1872,  to 
Lucy  Cording,  a  native  of  England;  has 
two  children — Melony  B.  and  William  V. 
Owns  180  acres,  valued  at  S9,000.  Mr. 
Norman,  so  far,  has  not  participated  in  the 
politics  of  the  country,  preferring  to  let  the 
native-born  citizens  shape  the  policy  and 
direction  of  the  Government.  He  is  a 
very  successful  farmer,  and  is  held  in  high 
esteem  throughout  the  section  of  country 
in  which  he  resides.  His  residence,  with 
its  pleasing  surroundings,  occupying  a  high 
rise  of  ground,  can  be  seen  for  miles  in  al- 
most any  and  every  direction  ;  not  a  more 
eligible  location  can  be  found  in  the  county. 

JOHN  R.  V.  NORMAN,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Norman  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
bora  near  Stolford,  Somersetshire,  Eng., 
July  2,  1832  ;  he  emigrated  to  America 
n  the  Fall  of  1856,  and  settled  in  Macou- 
pin Co.,  111.,  near  Brighton  ;  in  1858,  went 
to  Canada  and  settled  there  ;  remained  six 
years,  and  in  1864,  returned  to  Illinois 
and  settled  in  Livingston  Co. ;  in  1870, 
he  located  on  the  farm  on  which  he  now 
resides.  He  was  married  in  March,  1874, 
to  Mary  O'Loane,  a  native  of  Canada ; 
has  four  children — Elizabeth,  Annie,  Rich- 
ard W.  and  John  J.  O'L.  Owns  160 
acres,  worth  $8,000.  Methodist.  Like  his 
younger  brothers,  he  has  as  yet  taken  no 
part  in  American  politics,  but  holds  hi* 
allegiance  to  the  British  Crown.  He  owns 
the  only  store  building  in  Norman,  and  is 
largely  engaged  in  buying  and  shipping 
grain  from  that  point.  He  stands  in  the 
front  rank  as  one  of  the  leading  and  suc- 
cessful farmers  of  his  vicinity. 

RISDON  M.  ODELL,  Agent  T.,  P. 
&  W.  R.  R.,  Forrest ;  was  burn  in  Hen- 
dricks Co.,  Ind.,  May  11,  1844;  in  1849, 
his  father  moved  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in 
Adams  Co.  ;  he  worked  on  farm  Summers 
and  attended  school  Winters ;  in  1854, 
having  lost  his  mother,  his  father  broke  up 
houskeeping,  and  Risdon  M.,  to  use  his 
own  expressive  language,  "  lived  around  " 
for  several  years ;  in  August,  1862,  en- 
listed in  Co.  G.  78th    Regiment  111.  Vol. 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


771 


Inf.,  and  served  till  the  close  of  the  war; 
was  in  the  important  battles  of  Chicka- 
inaiiga,  Lookout  Mountain,  with  Sherman 
in  the  Ciunpaign  from  Chattanooga  to  At- 
lanta, and  in  his  march  to  the  sea ;  was  in 
the  grand  review  at  Richmond  the  day  he 
was  21  years  of  age  ;  was  also  present  in 
the  grand  review  at  Washington.  On  his 
return  from  the  army,  he  entered  college 
at  Fulton,  Whiteside  Co.,  an  institution 
for  the  education  of  soldiers  ;  attended  one 
year  and  engaged  in  teaching  school ;  in 
1870.  lie  entered  Quincy  College  and  took 
a  commercial  course;  afterward  taught 
penmanship  in  Bryant  &  Stratton's  Busi- 
ness College,  located  at  Quincy ;  in  the  Fall 
of  1871,  engaged  in  the  mercantile  busi- 
ness at  Camp  Point,  Adams  Co.;  in  1873, 
learned  the  art  of  telegraphy  on  the  C,  B. 
<fe  Q.  R.  R.,  and  in  1874,  was  appointed 
Agent  and  Operator  at  Basco  Station,  on 
the  same  road  ;  remained  one  year,  and 
then  taught  a  select  school  at  Bushnell ; 
in  1875,  was  appointed  Operator  on  the  T., 
F.  &  W.  R.  R.  at  Sheldon,  and  in  the 
Winter  of  1876,  was  sent  to  Forrest,  as 
Agent  and  Operator  on  the  same  road, 
which  position  he  now  holds.  He  was 
married  Sept.  28,  1871,  to  Matilda  Crum, 
a  native  of  Haverstraw,  N.  Y.  Repub- 
lican. 

JAMES  AND  JOHN  C.  PORCH, 
hardware  and  machinery,  Forrest ;  John 
C,  junior  partner,  was  born  in  Somerset- 
shire, Eng.,  March  17,  1839  ;  his  jiarents 
emigrated  to  America  in  1848,  and  settled 
in  Kenosha  Co.,  Wis.;  here  he  assisted  in 
farming,  attending  district  school  during 
the  Winter,  until  1851,  when  his  parents 
removed  to  Mesapotamia,  Trumbull  Co., 
Ohio;  in  1852,  they  removed  to  Andover, 
Ashtabula  Co.,  Ind.;  in  185G,  he  left  home 
and  went  to  Youngstown,  Mahoning  Co., 
to  learn  the  tinner's  trade ;  having  served 
his  apprenticeship  three  years,  in  1859 
he  started  out  for  himself  in  life;  he 
worked  a  short  time  at  Columbus,  Penn.; 
Youngstown,  Ohio;  Warren,  Ohio;  West 
Greenville,  Penn.;  at  Franklin,  Penn.,  he 
remained  three  years  ;  in  1865,  he  went 
to  Jamestown,  Penn.,  and  in  connection 
with  his  brother,  carried  on  shop  two 
years ;  after  leaving  Jamestown,  he  lo- 
cated again  at  Franklin,  Penn.,  and 
remained  one  year ;  in  1868,  came  to 
Indiana,  and  opened  a  tin  shop  at  Tippe- 


1  canoe  Battle  Ground  ;  here  he  remained 
about  one  year  and  a  half;  in  1870,  came 
to  Chebanse,  111.,  and  remained  five  years  ; 
in  1875,  he  worked  in  Robertson,  Ford 
Co.,  111.,  and  during  1876  and  1877,  in 
Donovan,  Iroquois  Co.,  111.;  in  September, 
1877,  located  at  Forrest,  Livingston  Co., 
his  present  home.  He  was  mamed,  Dec. 
1,  1865,  to  Anna  Evans,  a  native  of 
Franklin,  Penn.  ;  ha.s  four  children — 
William  F.,  Frank  R.,  Maud  A.  and  John 
S.  Republican  ;  is  inclined  to  the  Episco- 
pal    Church.      Ill    connection    with    his 

I  brother,   is  doing  a  first-class  business  in 

j  hardware,  tinware  and  machinery. 

I  THOMAS  B.  RILEY,  farmer ;  P.  0. 
Forrest;  was  born  in  New  Albany,  Ind., 
Jan.  26,1836;  theyears  of  his  early  manhood 
he  devoted  to  the  work  of  carpentering,  pass- 
ing the  Winters  in  the  Southern  States  of 
Louisiana,  Mississippi  and  Tennessee;  the 
Summers,  in  the  States  of  Missouri,  Kan- 
sas and  Illinois.  In  December.  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  Co.  F,  59th  Regt.  Ind.  Inf ; 
was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant  of  the 
Company ;  participated  in  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg,  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge 
and  others  of  less  note;  in  October,  1864, 
he  was  discharged  from  the  service,  his 
resignation,  on  the  Surgeon's  certificate, 
having  been  accepted  ;  in  May,  1865,  he 
settled  in  Livingston  Co.,  on  his  present 
farm.  In  February,  1864,  he  was  mar 
ried  to  Elizabeth  Hildenger,  a  native  of 
Pittsburgh,  Penn. ;  has  three  children — 
Carrie  E.,  John  F.  and  Thomas  E.  Owns 
120  acres,  worth  $6,000;  Mr.  Riley  is  a 
successful  and  enterprising  farmer.  In 
politics,  he  is  a  Republican ;  he  is  also  a 
faithtiil  and  liberal  member  of  the  Congre- 

'  gational  Church. 

I  J.  W.  SHEDD,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Forrest ; 
was  born  in  Sullivan  Co.,  New  Hampshire, 
Aug.  4,  1817;  at  14  years  of  age  he  at- 
tended a  select  school  at  Hopkington, 
N.  Y. ,  kept  by  Prof.  Ballard ;  remained 
here  two  years;  in  1834,  he  entered  the 
Scientific  Military  School  at  Unity,  N.  H.; 
at  the  age  of  19,  matriculated  in  Nor- 
wich  University,  Vt.  ;  at  the  age  of  21, 

j  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  having  com- 
pleted   the   full    classical   course   and  the 

j  course    in    civil    engineering ;    soon    after 

I  leaving  college  he  taught  school  in  Han- 
over Center,  four  miles  from  Dartmouth, 
boarding  with  Aurelius  Dow,  nephew  of 


772 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES; 


the  celebrated  Lorenzo  Dow ;  for  several 
years  he  was  engaged  in  teaching  in  vari- 
ous localities,  East,  South  and  West ;  in 
August,  1847,  he  came  to  La  Salle  Co., 
111.,  and  engaged  as  a  farm  hand  to  N.  M. 
Letts,  at  $12  per  month;  with  him  he 
remained  five  years ;  when  he  set  in  to 
work  he  had  but  fifty  cents  capital  to  go 
on  ;  in  the  five  years  he  saved  enough  to 
purchase  eighty  acres  of  land  and  pay 
nearly  all  the  purchase  money  down  ;  in 
1852,  he  went  upon  his  own  farm;  in 
1865,  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  pur- 
chased 160  acres  in  Pleasant  Ridge  Tp., 
which  he  still  owns.  He  was  married,  in 
1849,  to  Sarah  S.  Jenks,  a  native  of  Brad- 
ford Co.,  Penn. ;  has  one  child — Emily. 
Republican  ;  Restorationist.  Mr.  Shedd 
is  a  ripe  scholar,  and  is  possessed  of  fine 
social  qualities. 

PETER  SOMERS,  farmer;  P.  0.  Nor- 
man ;  was  born  in  Westmaid  Co.,  Ireland, 
June  23,  1815;  at  an  early  age  he  made 
his  home  with  his  grandparents ;  he  emi- 
grated to    America  in   1835;  on  reaching 
the  American  shores  he  found  himself  in  a 
strange  land  with   only  half  a  dollar  in  his 
pocket  ;  some  of  his  little  means  on  hand 
when  starting  he  loaned  to  fellow  passengers, 
and    never    received    back   again ;  imme- 
diately on  landing,  he  set  about  laboring  to 
h^upply  his  daily  wants;  in  1836  he  settled 
in  Cambray  Co.,    Penn.,  and  engaged   in 
farming  ;  here  he  remained  from  1836  till 
March,  1867,  when  he  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  111.,  and  located  on  Sec.  20,  Forrest 
Tp.,  renting  one  and  one-half  acres ;  in  the 
mean  time  he  made  improvements  on  Sec. 
32,  on  which  he   now  resides,  and   which 
he  had  purchased   at  the  time  of  coming 
West,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  1868  moved 
to  his  own  farm.     He  was  married  first  in 
July,  1842,  to  Mary  A.  McAteer,  of  Penn- 
sylvania, who  died  in  1859  ;  he  was  mar- 
ried a  second  time,  Sept.  18, 1860,  to  Eliza- 
beth Kearns,  also  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
has  seven  children  from  first  wedlock,  and 
two  from  second ;  five  living  and  two  dead  ; 
owns  480  acres.  Democrat ;  Roman  Catho- 
lic, but  is  very  liberal,  and  is  highly  esteemed 
in  the  vicinity  in    which    he  resides  and 
throughout  the  township. 

BRONSON    SMITH,  former;    P.    0. 

Forrest  ;    born  in  Washington,   Litchfield 

.  Co.,  Conn.,  Feb.  15,  1826  ;  is  the  son  of 

William  and  Julia  (Stone)  Smith  ;  at  the 


age  of  16,  he  attended  school  at  Washing- 
ton two  or  three  Winters  ;  at  20  years  of  age 
attended    the    High    school    in    Winsted 
one  year  and    a  half;  he    worked  in  the 
woolen      factory     both    in     Winsted  and 
Woodbury  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1848  came 
to  Augusta,  Va.,  and  engaged  in  teaching 
school    three  years.     June    9,   1852,  was 
married  to  Mary  E.  Coyner,  of  Virginia ; 
in  1855,  with  his  family,  a   wife  and  two 
children,  came  West  and  settled  in  McLean 
Co.,  111.,  near  Danvers  ;  in   1865  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  on  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  resides  ;  owns  a  fine  farm  of 
178  acres,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  has  had 
twelve     children — Julia    B.    (now     Mrs. 
Charles    Sherrill),     Mary    PI     (deceased), 
William  A.,  Lucy  M.,  Fannie  B.,  Howard 
P.,  Ethel   B.,    Coyner  C,   Frank  E.   B., 
Gertrude  L.,  Mabel  L.  and  an  infant  son. 
Republican;  Congregationalist.     Has  held 
the    office     of     Supervisor    seven    years ; 
Township  Treasurer,  seven   years  ;    School 
Trustee    and    School  Director.       During 
residence   in   McLean    Co.,  was    Assessor 
six  years  and  Supervisor  one  year.     The 
antecedents  of   Mr.  Smith  were  noted  for 
their  longevity  ;  his  great  grandfather  set- 
tled in  New  Haven  Colony  as  early  as  1771 
or  '72  ;  in  1773  he  moved  to  Washington, 
Litchfield  Co.,  and   reared  a  family  of  ten 
children,  the  aggregate  sum  of  whose  ages  at 
the  decease   of  the  last  member  was   over 
900  years  ;  the  average  age  at  date  of  de- 
cease was  82  years,  3  months  and  20  days ; 
his  father  lived  to  the  age  of  76  years  ;  his 
mother  still  lives,  hale  and  hearty,  having 
attained  to  the  ripe  age  of  77   years ;  in 
September,  1873,  Mr.  Smith  attended  the 
Centennial  gathering  of  his  family  at  the 
old  homestead  in  Connecticut ;  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  of  the  immediate  descend- 
ants were  present;  of  his  greatgrandfather's 
descendants,  about  two  hundred  and  twenty 
five  were  known  to  be  living. 

JAMES  SNYDER,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  For- 
rest ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  N.  Y., 
Oct.  22,  1849  ;  at  the  age  of  16,  he  came 
West  and  settled  in  La  Salle  Co.  ;  in  1869, 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
laboring  on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides. 
Was  married  Jan.  22,  1873,  to  Bridget 
Cooley,  a  native  of  Ireland  ;  has  two  chil- 
dren— Freddie  and  Mary.  Democrat; 
Catholic.  Though  not  a  real  estate  owner 
at  present,  he  is   a  thrifty,   enterprising, 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


773 


money-making  husbandman  ;  he  has  the  im-  I 
mediate  supervision  of  a  section  of  land,  i 
and  is  largely  engaged  in  raising  hogs,  cat- 
tle and  horses  ;  in  tlio  quality  of  his  cattle, 
he  is  not   behind  his    neighbors,   having 
thoroughbreds   of  the  best  grade  ;  doubt-  ' 
less,  ere  long  he  will  be  one  of  the  solid  real 
estate  owners  of  the  county,  as  he  is   now  ; 
one  of  the  safe  traders.     He  is  genial  and 
social  in  his  manners,  and  is  highly  esteemed 
by  his  neighbors  and  friends  for  his   many 
good  (lualities. 

REV.    DANA   SHERRILL,  A.   M., 
Pastor    Congregational    Church,    Forrest ; 
was  born  in  Lisbon,  Kendall  Co.,  111.,  June 
5,  1842  ;  is  the  son  of  Lewis  and  Emeline 
Sherrill ;    in    the    Summer    of   185'J,  he 
entered    the    Preparatory    Department    of 
Beloit  College,  Wis.,  and  remained   about 
eighteen  months;  in  April,   18()1,  he  en- 
listed in  the  three-months,  service,  but  the 
company  was  not  accepted  ;  July  2,  18G1, 
enlisted  in  Co.  D,  36th  regiment  111.  Vol. 
Inf ;  was  mustered  out  of  the  service  Oct. 
21,  1804  ;  participated    in  the  important 
battles  of  Pea  Ridge,  Ark.,  siege  of  Cor- 
inth, Miss.,  Perryville,  Stone  River,  Cbick- 
amauga  and  others ;  held    the   position  of 
Forage  Master  during  most  of  the  Atlanta 
campaign,  first  of  a  division  and  finally  of 
a  corps  ;  re-entered    Beloit  College    Jan., 
1865,  and  completed  a  full  classical  course 
in  1870  ;  in  the  Fall  of  1870,  entered  up- 
on a  course  of  study  in  the  Chicago  Theo- 
logical   Seminary ;    graduated    in    April, 
1873;  in  May,  1871,  was  licensed  by  the 
Association   at  Aurora,  and    in  November 
following  began  preaching  for  the  church 
at  Forrest  each  alternate  Sabbath  ;  during 
1874  he  ministered  to  the  church   at  For- 
rest and   Chebanse ;    was  ordained  to    the 
ministry  June   24,  1873,  and  received  the 
degree  of  A.  M.,  July,  1873  ;  was  regularly 
installed  Pastor  of  the  church  in   Forrest 
Feb.    10,  1S74.     Was    married  Dec.  23, 
1874,  to  Louricea  Ayers,a  native  of  Con- 
necticut; no  children.    Republican.    Owns 
160  acres  in  Kendall  Co.,  and  a  very  de- 
sirable residence  in    Forrest.     No  citizen 
in  the  village  is  more  highly  esteemed  than 
Rev.  Mr.  Sherrill  and  his  must  estimable 
lady  ;  his  ministration  is  most  acceptable  to 
the  church ;     indeed,   through    his    labor, 
seconded  by  that  of  his  noble,  generous  and 
kind-hearted  helpmeet,  the  church  in  For- 
rest has  been  built  up  ;  when  he  came  here 


they  met  for  services  in  the  district  school 
building ;  now  they  have  a  good  house  for 
worship  and  a  flourishing  oganization  of 
about  ninety  members ;  both  he  and  his 
wife  are  noted  for  their  kindly  attention  and 
aid  to  the  sick  and  afflicted,  not  only  of 
his  own  charge,  but  of  other  denominations, 
and  even  of  the  world. 

JOEL  R.  STRAWN,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  wa.>s  born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111., 
Jan.  8,  1842  ;  his  parents  dying  while  he 
was  in  his  infkncy,  he  was  raised  by  his 
grandparents  and  an  uncle,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  his  majority  ;  in  1865,  in 
connection  with  his  uncle,  he  purchased  a 
half  section  of  land  in  Livingston  Co., 
lying  in  Sections  13  and  24  ;  for  two  years 
he  and  his  uncle  engaged  extensively  in 
raising  and  shipping  cattle,  handling  from 
500  to  800  head  during  the  season  ;  since 
that  time  he  has  engaged  in  farming  on  a 
large  scale,  and  at  the  same  time  he  handles 
a  great  many  hogs  and  cattle.  Sept.  12, 
1871,  he  was  married  to  Mary  F.  Brown, 
a  native  of  Watertown.  N.  Y.,  has  four 
children — Clarence  B.,  Arthur  A.,  George 
M.,  William  H.  Owns  428  acres,  valued 
at  $20,000.  In  politics  he  is  Independent. 
Holds  the  ofiice  of  School  Director.  Mr. 
Strawn  stands  well  to  the  front  among  the 
farmers  of  his  community  ;  he  is  a  gentle- 
man of  very  agreeable  address. 

LUTHER  B.  STANFORD,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Forrest;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  2, 
1838 ;  in  1866,  he  came  West  and  settled 
in  La  Salle  Co.;  here  he  remained  one 
year,  and  in  1867  removed  to  Charlotte 
Tp.,  Livingston  Co.;  in  1871,  purchased 
land  in  Forrest  Tp.,  and  settled  on  same 
in  1872.  Was  married  Jan.  1,  1865,  to 
Sarah  Dyer,  a  native  of  the  State  of  New 
York  ;  has  three  children — Franklin  B., 
Clara  E.  and  George  L.  Owns  eighty 
acres  of  laud  in  Sec.  13.  Was  drafted  in 
1862,  but  commuted  by  paying  $300. 
Republican ;  is  a  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Has  held  the  ofiice  of  School 
Director. 

JAMES  SAMPEY,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Norman  ;  was  born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn., 
Jan.  13,  1837  ;  his  f  ither  owned  the  farm 
on  which  Gen.  Washington,  in  1754, 
erected  Fort  Necessity,  and  in  which  he 
took  refuge  during  the  French  and  Indian 
war  of  that  period ;    in  1856,  he  went  to 


774 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES; 


Iowa  and  located  in  the  city  of  Davenport ; 
in  1858,  removed  to  Putnam  Co.,  111.;  in 
1874,  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  where  he  now  resides.  He 
was  married  April  28,  1859,  to  Charlotte 
Mathews,  a  native  of  Ohio ;  has  seven  i 
children — James  W.,  Henry  I.,  Harrison 
E.,  Essie  L.,  Minnie.  Gracie  and  an  infant 
daughter.  Owns  160  acres,  valued  at 
$7,000.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican  ; 
his  religious  views  accord  with  the  doctrine 
of  the  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church. 
Mr.  Sampey,  like  his  neighbor,  is  a  thrifty 
well-to-do  farmer. 

THAYER   &    NICKERSON,   black- 
smithing  and  wagon  making,  Forrest ;  the 
above  named  fiVm    carry   on    the   leading 
business  of  the  village  in   their  line;  being 
skilled  mechanics   they   use  nothing   but 
the  best  of  material  and  suffer  none  but  the 
best   of  work    to    leave  their  shops ;  Mr. 
Thayer  runs  the   wood  work    department, 
and  Mr.    Nickerson  the   smithing  depart- 
ment ;  they  commenced   business  in   Foi"- 
rest  in   March,  1877,  and   have  constantly 
increased  in  favor  until  now  they  do  the 
"lion's  share"'  of  the  village  work,  and  that 
of    the    surrounding     country.       Erastus 
Thayer,  the  senior  partner  of  the  firm,  was 
born   in    Warren,    Washington    Co.,    Vt., 
Jan.  29,  1834;  in  1854,  went  to   Lowell, 
Mass.,   and  worked   in  the  cotton  mills  ; 
about  1856,  purchased    a    farm    from    his 
father  in  Vermont ;  sold   and  came   West 
on  a  visit,  Fall  of  1859  ;   visited  Missouri 
and    Kansas,   but   finally    bought    ninety 
acres  near  Gilman,  Iroquois  Co.,  111.;  went 
East    again    and    purchased    100    acres  ; 
farmed  two  years,   then   engaged   in   the 
tanning    business    at    Warren,    Vt.;  came 
West  again  in  1866 ;  here   in    connection 
with  his  mother,  bought  a  (juarter  section 
near  Chenoa,  McLean  Co.;  in  1872,  moved 
to  Chenoa  and   lost  $3,000  in  the  manu- 
fkcture  of  Porter's  Patent  Window  Shades  ; 
in  March,  1877,  moved  to  Forrest  and  set 
up  in  present  employment.     Was  married 
in  the  Fall  of  1861,  to  Mary  Blair,  a  na- 
tive of  Vermont ;  has  five  children — George 
0.,  Elma,    Martha,    Eugene    and    Willie. 
Republican  ;   Baptist. 

WILLIAM  W.  NICKERSON,  junior 
partner,  was  born  in  La  Porte,  Ind.,  Feb. 
19,  1849  ;  left  home  at  the  age  of  13,  to 
learn  his  trade  ;  at  the  age  of  5  or  6  years, 
came  with  father's  family  to  Illinois  ;  after 


two  years,  returned  to  Indiana,  and  the  fal- 
lowing year  went  to  Missouri  and  settled 
in  Gentry  (now  Worth)  Co. ;  the  next 
year  removed  to  Eureka,  Woodford  Co., 
111.,  thence  to  Chenoa,  McLean  Co.;  in 
March,  1877,  came  to  Forrest,  his  present 
home.  Was  married  Aug.  14,  1874,  to 
Mary  T.  Witherow,  a  native  of  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  has  one  child — Ina  L.,  born  Aug. 
11,  1876.  Republican.  Is  not  a  church 
member  but  inclines  to  the  Methodist. 

H.   C.    TWITCHELL,   insurance   and 
collecting     agent,    Forrest;    was   born   in 
Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  March  6, 1838  ;  in  1840, 
his  father  moved  to  La  Salle  Co.;  in  1867, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch  located  in  Lodi, 
Iroquois  Co.,  and  engaged  in  the  mercan- 
tile trade  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1873,  he  came 
to    Forrest,    his  present   home,    and   was 
Deputy  Postmaster  for  two  years ;  at  the 
expiration  of  that    time,    he    entered   bis 
present   occupation.      Was  married  Aug. 
20,  1860,  to  Emma  E.  Philbrook,  a  native 
of  Brookfield  Center,  Wis.;  has  five  chil- 
dren— Charles   H.,  Carrie     A.,    Oren    G., 
Lucy    E.,    Myrtie    M.     Republican ;    in- 
clined to  the  M.  E.  Church.     Has  held  the 
ofiice  of  Justice   of  the    Peace  two  years, 
also  that  of  Township  Collector.     Is  agent 
for  the  Continental  Ins.  Co.,  and  the  Ger- 
man Ins.  Co.,    of  Peoria ;  he    also   deals 
some  in  grain,  and  handles  the  best  grade 
of  agricultural   implements.     Having  'ost 
his  father  at  the  early  age  of  6  years,  and  his 
mother  two  years  later,  he  has  been  left  to 
rely  wholly  on  his  own  efforts  for  a  liveli- 
hood ;  by  fair  and  honorable  dealing  with 
all  men,  he  has  secured  a  good  degree  of 
success  in  most  of  his  undertakings. 

HENRY  J.  THORNE,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Norman;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  in  Somersetshire,  Eng.,  April  24, 
1849  ;  he  emigrated  to  America  in  1872, 
and  settled  on  the  farm  where  he  now  re- 
sides. Was  married  Nov.  8,  1874,  to 
Elizabeth  Farley,  a  native  of  Livingston 
Co.,  111.;  has  two  children — Richard  and 
Sarah  C.  Owns  160  acres  of  land 
lying  in  the  southwest  quarter  of  section 
34,  Forrest  Tp.;  still  holds  his  allegiance 
to  the  British  Crown.  Member  of  the  M. 
E.  Church.  Though  young  in  years,  he 
has  the  keen,  shrewd  judgment  that  comes 
to  many  only  through  years  of  experience  ; 
he  is  one  among  the  leading  farmers  of  his 
vicinity. 


FORREST  TOWNSHIP. 


775 


JOHN  WALLACE,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Forrest;  was  born  in  Cavan  Co.,  Ireland, 
Nov.  20,1826;  in  1840,  he  emigrated  to 
America  and  settled  in  New  Jersey,  near 
Redbank  ;  here  he  remained  two  years,  en- 
gaged in  farming  ;  in  the  Spring  of  18-48, 
he  moved  to  Canada,  and  purchased  a  farm 
of  100  acres,  but  not  liking  the  country  or 
climate,  in  the  Fall  of  1848,  he  left  and 
came  to  Indiana,  settling  near  Shawnee 
Mound,  Tippecanoe  Co. ;  here  he  engaged 
in  farming  for  fifteen  years  ;  in  Oct.,  1863, 
he  came  to  Illinois  and  .settled  near  where 
Forrest  now  is,  on  the  farm  which  he  at 
present  owns.  He  was  married  in  1846, 
to  Margaret  Dancy,  a  native  of  Ireland. 
Mr.  Wallace  had  but  little  resources  when 
he  landed  in  America  ;  soon  after  landing, 
he  engaged  to  work  for  ten  dollars  per 
month  ;  his  education  is  quite  limited,  and 
his  success  in  business  is  altogether  owing 
to  his  correct  habits  of  life  and  his  good 
judgment ;  he  is  a  sharp,  shrewd  trader, 
yet  strictly  honest  and  fair-dealing ;  he  has 
never  engaged  in  any  scheming  specula- 
tions, but  has  accumulated  little  by  little, 
through  industry  and  perseverance,  until 
now  he  is  the  possessor  of  841  acres  of  fine 
land,  and  much  good  stock  ;  his  residence 
is  one  of  the  most  eligible  in  the  village. 
In  politics  he  is  a  stanch  Republican  ; 
is  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  though 
his  views  are  largely  Presbyterian.  Has 
liad  eleven  children — Mary  E.  (now  Mrs. 
Krack),  John  R.,  Henrietta  (wife  of  A. 
McCullough ),  Maggie  J.  (wife  of  J.  L. 
Delatour),  Ella  and  Emma  (twin  daugh- 
ters;, Minnie  L.  and  Lena  M.,  living ; 
Martha  A.,  Jessie  and  an  infant  son,  de- 
ceased. Mr.  Wallace  is  highly  esteemed 
for  his  many  good  qualities,  and  regarded 
as  a  highly  successful  farmer,  by  his  neigh- 
bors and  friends. 

MRS.  NANCY  WILSON,  farming ;  P. 
0.  Forrest ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
bom  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  20, 
1826;  she  is  the  daughter  of  John  and 
Elizabeth  Thompson ;  her  father  was  a 
soldier  in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in 
1849  ;  Mrs.  Wilson  has  seen  much  of  pio- 
neer life,  having  come  to  Illinois  with  her 
.  father's  family  in  1837  ;  they  settled  near 
the  present  site  of  Forrest,  and  she  now 
owns  the  original  homestead,  120  acres 
of  which  was  purchased  by  her  mother, 
after  death  of  her  father,  at  the  land  sale 


at  Danville,  and  eighty  acres  adjoining,  on 
which  was  laid  the  land-warrant  granted 
him   for  services  rendered  in   the  war  of 
1812.     She  has  been  twice  married ;  to  her 
first  husband,  Wm.  C.  Popejoy,  Nov.  15, 
1850  ;  ho  died  Oct.  26,  1852  ;  he  owned 
a  section  of  land  near  the  present  site  of 
Fairbury,   and   was  a   shrewd,  .successful 
trader;    his  prospects   for   becoming  very 
wealthy  were  deeidedly  flattering  ;   but  in 
the  prime  of  life,  with   all  it.s  hopes  and 
promises  yet  before  him,  and  in  the  midst 
of  its  busy  activities,  the   Master  called 
him;  her  second  marriage,  contracted  with 
Nicholas  Wilson,  was  celebrated  Dec.  14, 
1854,  under  thi-same  rnof  and  around  the 
same  hearth-stone  at  which    the  first  oc- 
curred ;  Mr.  Wilson  died  Sept.  27,  1876. 
Mrs.  Wilson  remembers  the  country  when 
it  presented  a  wild  and  uninviting  appear- 
ance ;  settlements  in  those  da3's  in  what  is 
now  Forrest  Tp.,  or  indeed  in   Livingston 
Co.,  were  like  ''angel's  visits,"  few  and  far 
between ;     the   nearest   mill    wa.s    distant 
seventy-five  miles  ;  her  father  was  obliged 
to  travel  twenty-five  miles  to  the  nearest 
grocery  store,  and  often  brought  home  his 
purchases   upon   his   back ;     though    her 
father  was  a  man  of  large  means  for  those 
days,  when  he  came  to  the  Prairie  State,  yet 
he  died  poor  ;  the  land  on  which  he  located 
did  notcome  into  market  until  after  hisdeath 
consequently  he  could    nof  purchase  ;    for 
two  years  after  coming  he  did  not  raise  a 
crop ;  in  addition  to  this,  he  lost  most  of 
his  cattle  and   horses  with  milk-sicknesa  ; 
at  one  time  he  had  but  two  cows  and  one 
horse  left  out  of  a  number  he  brought  out 
from  Ohio ;    every  ox  succumbed  to    the 
fell    destroyer.      From    first  wedlock  she 
had  one  son — Wm.  H.  Popejoy  ;  he  died 
at  the  age  of   1  year   9  months  and  17 
days  ;  from  second  marriage,  four  children 
— Celia  May,  Cordelia,  Millie  and   Oscar. 
Owns  385  acres  and  a  block   in  the  town 
of  Forrest.     She  is  a  member  of   the  M. 
E.   Church  ;  her  husbands    were  Repub- 
lican in  politics. 

HENRY  B.  WATSON,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Forrest ;  born  near  Torringford,  Litch- 
field Co.,  Conn.,  Feb.  5,  1837  ;  is  the  son 
of  George  and  Jane  (Belden )  Watson  , 
in  December,  1844,  came  West  to  Warren 
Co.,  111.  Nov.  3,  1862,  enlisted  in  Co.  A, 
1st  Wis.  Heavy  Artillery  ;  spent  three 
mouths  recruiting  in  Milwaukee  and  Ra- 


776 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


cine  Cos.;  Feb.  5,  1863,  he  joined  the 
regiment  at  Alexandria,  Va. ;  served  till 
February,  1864,  in  the  defenses  around 
Washington  ;  July  11  and  12,  was  in  the 
engagement  with  Early's  forces  when  they 
advanced  to  within  four  miles  of  the  Cap- 
ital, defending  the  city  from  Forts  Stevens, 
DeRusse  and  Staunton;  Aug.  2,  1864, 
was  detailed  as  Headquarters  Guard  of 
Gen.  DeRusse's  command,  2d  Division, 
22d  Army  Corps  ;  Jan.  26, 1865,  was  ex- 
amined before  Gen.  Casey's  Board  of  Ex- 
aminers and  by  it  passed  and  recommended 
as  Second  Lieutenant,  1st  Class,  U.  S.  A.; 
Feb.  5,  1865,  received  commission  and  or- 
dered to  join  11th  U.  S.  Artillery;  March 
13,  1865,  was  mustered  and  accepted 
into  the  service  by  Capt.  Chamberlain  at 
New  Orleans,  and  was  assigned  to  Co.  B., 
11th  U.S.  Artillery,  at  Fort  Jackson,  La.; 
Oct.  25,  1865,  was  mustered  out  of  the 
service  ;  at  the  date  of  mustering-out,  the 
regiment  received  as  dues  from  the  Gov- 
erment,  $24,155.09.  March  6,  1866,  pur- 
chased the  eighty  acres  of  land  on  which 
he  now  resides.  Was  married  Nov.  11, 
1868,  to  Emma  J.  Francis,  a  native  of 
Ohio ;  has  two  children — Flora  A.  and 
Thomas  F.  Republican  ;  Congregational. 
Has  been  School  Director  five  years  and 
President  of  the  Forrest  Farmers'  Mutual 


Insurance  Company  for  the  same  length  of 
time. 

THOMAS  WEEKS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Fairbury ;  was  born  near  Barnstable, 
Devonshire,  Eng.,  Oct.  26,  1835  ;  in 
June,  1857,  he  immigrated  to  America 
and  settled  in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y.,  near 
Batavia  ;  in  1859,  he  came  West,  locating 
in  McLean  Co.,  at  Shirley,  six  miles  south 
of  Bloomington ;  in  September,  1864, 
purchased  land  in  Livingston  Co.,  and 
in  1865,  occupied  the  farm  on  which  he 
now  resides.  He  was  married  Oct.  9, 
1867,  to  Julia  Dunham,  a  native  of  Ilh- 
nois  ;  has  four  children — Frank  E.,  Har- 
lan C,  Hobert  G.  and  Myria.  In  1872, 
he  returned  to  England,  on  a  visit  to  his 
parents  and  friends ;  owns  220  acres  in 
Sec.  18,  Forrest  Tp.  In  politics  he  is  a 
Republican ;  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist 
Church.  Mr.  Weeks  has  the  best  culti- 
vated farm  in  the  neighborhood ;  a  fine 
house,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $3,000,  and  a 
splendid  barn  costing  the  snug  sum  of 
$1,500,  are  ornaments  not  common  in  his 
section  of  country ;  in  address  he  and 
his  wife  are  genial  and  entertaining,  and 
everything  about  his  home  breathes  an  air 
of  welcome  not  only  to  friends  and  neigh- 
bors, but  even  to  strangers. 


SAUNEMIN    TOWNSHIP. 


W.  C.  BURLEIGH,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  30;  P.  0.  Pontiac;  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  is  a  native  of  Rochester,  N. 
Y.;  was  born  Oct.  20,  1825  ;  his  first  busi- 
ness experience  was  in  the  way  of  wholesale 
grocery  clerk  with  the  firm  of  Fairbanks, 
Bullen  &  Co.,  Rochester,  after  which  he 
was  employed  as  hotel  clerk  in  New  York, 
also  in  Boston,  until  1849,  when  he  came 
West  via  the  lakes,  visiting  Milwaukee 
and  Chicago,  and  prospecting  through 
Illinois  and  Michigan,  and  then  returned 
home  for  a  time ;  thence  to  Cincinnati, 
St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans,  then  returned 
to  Cincinnati,  and  attended  commercial 
college ;  then  was  employed  as  clerk  in 
the  Planters'  Hotel,  St.  Louis,  and  on  ac- 
count of  his  health  foiling  he  left  the 
hotel  and  acted  as  express  messenger  for  a 


time ;  and  at  the  completion  of  the  Chicago, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  to  Blooming- 
ton,  was  employed  as  passenger  conductor 
and  run  the  first  train  on  the  road,  and 
continued  until  1856,  at  which  time  he 
located  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  wood,  lumber  and  commission 
business,  and  remained  until  1861,  and 
then  settled  where  he  now  resides ;  he 
owns  and  has  improved  720  acres,  having 
a  fine  residence  and  good  grain  and  stock 
houses ;  has  one  of  the  best  improved  farms 
in  the  county.  He  has  done  much  for  the 
public  good  of  his  town,  and  has  held  the 
office  of  Supervisor,  School  Trustee  fifteen 
years.  Road  Commissioner  and  Treasurer 
twelve  years,  and  at  present  School  Trust- 
ee, President  of  the  Board  of  Agricult- 
ural Society,  also  President  of  the  Saune- 


# 


SAUNEMIN  TOWNSHIP. 


77T 


min  Fire  Insurance  Co.;  in  1875  he  was 
appointed  by  Gov.  Boveridge  as  delegate 
to  the  National  Cheap  Transportation  Con- 
vention, held  at  Chicago.  Mr.  Burleigh 
is  a  man  of  good  business  ability,  having 
accuuiulatcd  a  large  property.  He  married 
Miss  Lucy  Meader,  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
July,  1854;  she  died  Nov.  20,  1877; 
they  were  parents  of  two  children — 
William  C,  and  Minnie,  decea.sed. 

JASPER  BACON,  dairy  farmer.  Sec. 
5  ;  P.  0.  Sauncmin  ;  was  born  in  Trum- 
bull Co.,  Ohio,  Oct.  23,  1835;  he  re- 
mained at  hit;  birthplace,  and  in  the  ca- 
pacity of  a  farmer  and  dairyman,  until 
1864,  when  he  came  to  Illinois,  locating 
in  Livingston  Co.  On  Sept.  17,  18(52, 
he  married  Miss  Eliza  Kelly ;  she  died 
April  18,  1872,  leaving  two  children — 
Josephine,  born  May  28,  1864;  Moses, 
born  April  29,  1866;  and  on  Nov.  12, 
1872,  he  married  Miss  Marrilla  Vanhy- 
ning ;  she  was  born  May  4,  1854;  they 
have  two  children — Carrie  M.,  born  Jan. 
8,  1875;  Freddie,  born  Oct.  1,  1877. 
He  owns  160  acres  of  well-improved  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre,  which  he  settled 
upon  in  1866  and  remained  about  four 
years,  then  removed  to  Streator  and  there 
engaged  in  the  dairy  business  and  contin- 
ued until  1876,  when  he  returned  to  where 
he  now  resides. 

B.  D.  BARKER,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell; 
was  born  in  the  County  of  Wicklow,  Ire- 
land, May  10,  1810  ;  he  removed  to  Can- 
ada West  in  1848,  and  located  near 
Kingston  and  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1851, 
locating  in  Will  Co.,  111.;  located  where  he 
now  resides  in  1867;  he  owns  160  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S40  per  acre.  He 
married  Miss  Margaret  Warren,  of  his 
native  country,  July  28,  1838 ;  she  was 
born  July  8,  1820  ;  they  have  seven  chil- 
dren living  —  Mary  D.,  born  Feb.  28, 
.  1841;  Samuel  D.,  born  Feb.  24,  1844; 
Edward  W.,  born  Dec.  25,  1847  ;  Maggie, 
born  April  8,  1851 ;  Joseph  W.,  born 
Aug.  28,  1853  ;  Sarah  and  Patience,  born 
July  30,  1857. 

JOHN  H.BYRNE,  farmer  ;  Sec.  1 1  ; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  the  county  of 
Wicklow,  Ireland,  Nov.  29,  1831  ;  became 
to  the  United  States  in  1849,  landing  in 
New  York  City,  June  28,  and  found  em- 
ployment  at  once    and  remained  a   short 


time,  then  came  to  Illinois,  locating  at  La 
Salle  Co.,  and  was  employed  by  the  I.  C 
R.  R.  Co.,  after  which  he  began  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits.  He  served  ten  months 
in  the  late  war.  He  bought  eighty  acres 
of  land  in  LaSalle  Co.  and  improved  it. 
after  which  he  sold  out  and  bought  eighty 
acres  where  he  now  resides.  He  married 
Mrs.  Elza  Richey,  of  Ohio,  Oct.  12, 1853  ; 
she  wa.s  born  June  18.  He  has  eight 
children — Lenora,  born  Dec.9, 1857  ;  John 
W.,  born  April  11,  1860;  Clarrie  E.,  born 
Aug.  2l',  1862;  Luallyn  J).,  born  April 
18,  1864  ;  Minnie  M.,  born  Oct.  7,  1866  ; 
George  W.,  born  July  15,  1868 ;  Walter 
W.,  born  Feb.  8,  1870;  Edwin,  born 
April  4,  1873. 

J.  G.  CHESEBRO,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac  ;  was  born  in  Otsego 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  23,  1829  ;  he  was  raised 
in  the  city  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  until  he  was 
twelve  years  of  age,  and  then  removed 
with  his  father's  fiimily  to  Wyandot  Co., 
Ohio  ;  he  followed  farming  there  until  his 
removal  to  Livingston  Co.  in  1856.  He 
settled  in  Saunemin  Tp.,  where  he  has 
continued  to  reside  ever  since.  He  owns 
a  farm  of  480  acres,  situated  in  Sees.  18 
and  19,  valued  at  $20,000.  He  was  mar- 
ried on  the  13th  of  Jan.,  1857,  to  Miss 
Clara  E.  Cleland,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Cleland,  now  of  Pontiac ;  she  was  born  in 
Mercer  Co.,  Penn.,  in  1839;  they  have 
six  children  living— Nettie,  Walter  B., 
Hiram  M.,  Anna  M.,  Clarabell  and  Lizzie. 
Mr.  Chesebro  has  served  several  terms  as 
School  Director  and  Town  Clerk. 

WILLIAM  CHAMBERS,  farmer; 
Sec.  4;  P.  0.  Saunemin;  he  owns  120 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  S40  per  acre ;  he 
is  a  native  of  England  ;  was  born  in  Lin- 
colnshire, March  14,  1844;  came  to  this 
country  while  quite  young,  with  his  parents, 
locating  in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind.,  thence  to 
Illinois,  locating  in  Livingston  Co.  He  en- 
listed in  the  l29th  111.  V.  I.;  was  in  a 
number  of  engagements,  and  escaped  with- 
out a  scratch  ;  was  mustered  out  atWashing- 
ton,  D.  C,  and  discharged  at  Chicago, 
June,  1865.  On  March  2,  1873,  he 
married  Miss  Susan  Potter  of  this  county  ; 
she  was  born  June  18,  1850  ;  they  are  the 
parents  of  one  child— Murtle  J.,  born  July 

22,  1876. 

S.  W.  CARNER,    farmer,  Sec.  25  ;  P. 
0.   Saunemin;  was  born  in  Licking  Co., 


778 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


Ohio,  Nov.  23,  1832  ;  came  to  the  West 
with  his  parents  in  1838,  locating  in  Coles 
Co.,  111.;  in  1850  he  removed  to  McLean 
Co., where  he  married  Miss  Mary  Roads  Dec. 
25,  1855  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  29,  1838  ; 
he  was  raised  a  farmer  and  continued  in 
agricultural  pursuits  thus  far  through  life. 
He  came  and  settled  upon  the  farm  where 
he  now  resides,  in  1867,  which  consists  of 
eighty  acres  of  well-improved  land,  valued 
at  S-40  per  acre ;  he  came  to  this  State  a 
poor  man,  and  through  his  industry  and 
economy,  has  accumulated  a  good  property 
and  is  a  much  respected  citizen  ;  has  one 
child— John  F  ,  born  July  7,  1860. 

DAVID  DOWHOWER,  farmer,  Sec. 
7  ;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Sandusky 
Co.,  Ohio,  April  5,  1849 ;  his  parents  re- 
moved to  Wisconsin,  where  he  wfs  raised; 
he  came  to  Livingston  in  1870,  locating 
Avhere  he  now  resides.  He  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  ^40  per  acre.  He 
married    Miss  Laura    Dronenburg,  March 

11,  1873;  she  was  born  Nov.  20,  1853. 
He  enlisted  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion 
in  the  42d  Wis.  V.  I.;  served  ten  months, 
which  was  at  the  close  of  the  war.  They 
are  the  parents  of  three  children — Jessie  L., 
born  Dec.  14,  1873;   Burta  E.,  born  April 

12,  1876;  Anna  B.,' born  March  21, 1878. 
G.  W.  DALLY,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Saune- 

min  ;  son  of  Dr.  Dally,  a  prominent  farmer 
in  Union  Township  ;  was  born  in  Green 
Co.,  Penn.,  Sept.  11,  1849  ;  removed  with 
his  parents  to  Putnam  Co.,  111.,  where  he 
received  a  good  English  education,  and  in 
1859,  they  removed  into  La  Salle  County, 
where  he  remained  ten  years ;  engaged  in 
farming ;  came  and  settled  where  he  now 
resides  in  1871  ;  he  owns.  160  acres  of 
well-improved  land,  valued  at  850  per  acre, 
having  a  fine  residence  and  a  good  barn  ;  is 
one  of  the  best  improved  farms  in  this  part 
of  the  county.  He  married  Miss  Mariah 
Reed,  of  Will  County,  Feb.  22,  1871 ;  she 
was  born  in  Will  County,  xMay  31,  1844. 
Mr.  Dally  is  now  serving  on  his  second 
term  as  Township  Collector. 

G.  T.  FINCH,  farmer,  Sec.  19;  P.  O. 
Saunemin  ;  is  a  native  of  New  York  ;  owns 
forty  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 
was  born  in  Monroe  County,  April  8,  1834; 
came  to  Illinois  in  1852,  locating  in  Taze- 
well County.  On  May  17,  1861,  he 
married  Miss  Lana  Banta,  of  Woodford 
Co.,  111.;  she  passed  away  Jan.  12,  1862, 


leaving  one  child — Leslie.  He  enlisted  in 
the  late  War  of  the  Rebellion  in  August, 
1862,  in  the  77th  111.  Vol.  Inf  ;  was  io  a 
number  of  severe  battles ;  served  until 
September,  1865,  when  he  was  discharged 
and  then  returned  to  Woodford  County  and 
bought  and  began  improving  a  farm  ;  in 
1870,  he  sold  and  removed  to  Butler  Co., 
Kan.,  where  he  remained  until  1874,  when 
he  settled  where  he  now  resides.  He 
married  Miss  Jane  Rufi",  of  Woodford  Co., 
111.,  Nov.  14,  1866  ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren living — George  H.  and  Mary  A. 

A.  HARRIS,  farmer,  Sees.  21,  22  and 
16  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in 
the  State  of  Maine,  Dec.  29,  1828 ;  re- 
moved to  New  York  State,  thence  to  Illi- 
nois, locating  in  Will  Co.  March  13, 1849, 
he  started  for  California,  overland  route ; 
remained  there  some  five  years,  engaged  in 
mining  and  agriculture,  after  which  he  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  bought  and  improved 
160  acres  of  land  in  Kankakee  County  ,which 
he  sold,  and,  leaving  his  family  in  Will 
County,  he  returned  to  California  and  en- 
gaged in  hotel  and  mercantile  business  for 
about  two  years  ;  then  returned  and  settled 
in  Lockport,  where  he  remained  until  1864, 
when  he  bought  and  settled  upon  his  farm 
where  he  now  resides,  which  consists  of 
200  acres  well  improved.  February  1, 
1855,  he  married  Miss  Sarah  A.  Parks, 
of  Paris,  111. ;  she  was  born  August  18, 
1835  ;  they  are  parents  of  three  children 
—Sarah  E.,  born  July  12, 1857  ;  True  A., 
born  Aug.  26,  1859;  Minnie  M.,  born 
March  13,  1864;  Charles  H.  (adopted), 
born  Aug.  31, 1872.  He  has  been  indus- 
trious and  economical,  has  accumulated  a 
good  property  and  is  much  respected  by 
all  who  know  him. 

C.  C.  HEMPHILL,  M.  D.,  physician, 
Saunemin  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  in  Cumberland  Co.,  Penn.,  Nov.  11, 
1848,  where  he  received  a  good  education, 
after  which  he  attended  the  Juniata  Col- 
lege, preparing  for  the  medical  profession, 
graduating  at  the  Chicago  Medical  College 
in  March,  1874;  he  came  to  Livingston 
County  and  began  his  practice  at  Saune- 
min in  1875,  during  which  time  he  has 
attended  closely  to  his  profession  and  has 
built  up  a  good  practice ;  as  a  physician 
he  is  well  thought  of  by  all  who  know  him. 
J  R.  L.  HOLDRIDGE,  farmer  and  stock 
dealer,  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  the  sub- 


i 


SAUNEMIN  TOWNSHIP. 


779 


iect  of  this  sketcli  was  born  in  Madison 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  29,  1829  ;  he  removed 
witli  hi.';  parents,  while  younj:',  to  La  vSalle 
Co.,  111.,  his  father  being  one  of  the  first 
settlers  in  that  county,  where  he  remained 
until  the  Fall  of  1871,  when  he  settled 
where  he  now  resides.  Mr.  Holdridge  is  a 
practical  farmer  and  a  thorough  business 
man,  and  has  made  a  grand  success  in  his 
agricultural  pursuits,  having  aocuniulated 
a  large  property,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
extensive  farmers  in  the  county  ;  he  owns 
3,000  acres  and  farms  5,000  acres;  his 
land  is  well  improved  and  well  watered, 
and  well  adapted  to  stock  raising,  which  he 
deals  in  quite  extensively.  He  married 
Miss  Hannah  Simmons,  of  La  Salle 
County,  March  1,  1855;  she  was  born 
March  2,  1834;  they  are  parents  of  six 
children — Clarence  R.,  1)orn  March  5, 
1856  (farmer,  residing  in  this  county); 
Harrie  A.,  born  April  28,  1858;  Ella, 
born  June  24, '  1860  (she  passed  away 
June  30,  1877V;  Lizzie  E.,  born  Feb.  1, 
1863  ;  Ira  G.,  born  Sept  14, 1865  ;  Lafay- 
ette W.,  born  March  29,  1868. 

ANDREW  JOHNSON,  former,  Sec. 
5;  P.  0.  Odell ;  was  born  in  Hyde  Co., 
Germany,  Dec.  8,  1845  ;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1868,  locating  in  Will  Co.,  111., 
and  there  found  amployment  with  the  C, 
A.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  Co.,  which  he  continued 
in  for  a  time ;  then  was  in  the  employ  of 
the  Canal  Company,  after  which  he  began 
farming ;  in  1870,  he  bought  and  settled 
upon  eighty  acres  of  land  in  Section  3. 
Saunemin  Tp.,  in  this  county,  and  in  1 877, 
he  sold  and  bought  160  acres  where  he 
now  resides,  which  is  well  improved ;  he 
came  to  Illinois  a  poor  man,  and  through 
industry  and  economy  has  accumulated  a 
good  property.  He  married  Miss  Frederic 
Bramer  Jan.  3,  1875 ;  she  was  born  Oct. 
22,  1851  ;  they  have  one  child — Albert, 
born  Dec.  1,  1876. 

GEORGE  H.  KNIGHT,  farmer,  Sec. 
8;  P.  0.  Saunemin;  born  in  Cumberland 
Co.,  Me.,  July  22,  1839;  he  remained 
with  his  parents  at  his  birthplace  until 
1862,  when  he  removed  to  Illinois,  settling 
in  Livingston  Co.  In  1864,  he  went  into 
the  army  as  substitute  for  S.  Hoke,  and 
Wiis  in  the  battle  of  Franklin,  Tenn.,  also 
Nashville,  in  which  engagement  he  re- 
ceived  a  slight  wound  ;  he  served  one  year, 
after  which  he  returned  and  bought  eighty 


acres  of  land  where  he  now  resides,  which 
is  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  He  married 
Miss  Abbie  Lee,  of  Hardwick,  Mass.,  Aug. 
29,  1869;  she  was  born  Sept.  15,  1835; 
they  are  the  parents  of  two  children — 
Jessie  I.,  born  July  2,  1870;  Scott  L.  A., 
born  June  20,  1873. 

JAMi:S  LOVELOCK,  farmer.  Sec. 
31  ;  P.  O.  Pontiac;  was  born  in  Hampshire, 
England,  May  15,  1S29;  during  his  early 
life  he  engaged  in  thatching,  which  t)ccu- 
pation  he  continued  in  until  1851,  when  he 
emigrated  to  Michiiian  ;  thence  to  La  Porte 
Co.,  Ind.,  and  bought  land  and  began 
farming,  and  in  1863,  he  sold  out  and  came 
to  Illinois;  in  1864,  he  bought  and  began 
improving  his  farm  where  he  resides, 
which  consists  of  200  acres,  well  improved. 
He  married  Miss  Mene  Thomas,  of  La 
Porte,  Ind.,  June  18,  1855;  they  have  a 
family  of  nine  living — Amelia,  William 
W.  S.,  Charles  A.,  Frank  T.,  James  T., 
Nancy  D.,  Julia  A.,  George,  Prince  A. ; 
all  at  home. 

WILLIAM  M.  KILGORE,  farmer. 
Sec.  23 ;  P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  born  in  Marshall  Co.,  111., 
Oct.  4,  1841 ;  his  parents  died  while  he 
was  quite  young,  and  he  was  raised  by  his 
grandparents,  in  Cumberland  Co..  Penn.  ; 
at  the  age  of  17  he  came  to  Illinois,  located 
in  Marshall  Co.,  where  he  remained  until 
1869,  when  he  came  and  bought  and  began 
improving  his  farm  where  he  now  resides, 
which  consists  of  160  acres.  He  married 
Miss  Louisa  Barnes,  of  Marshall  Co., 
November.  187 2  ;  she  was  born  Sept.  26, 
1843;  they  have  one  child,  Henry  B.  B., 
born  Feb.  6,  1877. 

C.  B.  MARSH,  farmer.  Sec.  18; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  a  pioneer  of  this  town ; 
was  born  in  Woodstock,  Conn.,  IMay 
19,  1824;  while  quite  young  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Worcester  Co., 
Mass.,  where  he  received  a  good  education. 
On  Jan.  20,  1852,  he  married  Miss  Phebe 
Lee;  she  was  born  May  17,  1829;  he 
then  engaged  in  the  dry  goods  business  at 
Charlton,  in  which  business  he  continued 
about  seven  years ;  he  emigrated  to 
Illinois  in  1859,  locating  in  the  township 
where  he  now  resides.  He  has  held  a 
number  of  township  offices,  and  has  taken 
an  active  part  in  church  and  school  matters, 
and  is  much  respected  by  all  who  know 
him :  he   has  a  fuuilv  of  three  children; 

11 


780 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


living — Clara  E.   (now  Mrs.  J.  Snow),  of 
Pontiac;    George  W.,  in   Kansas;    Emily 

A.  N.  MITCHELL,  farmer,  Sec.  26 ; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  he  owns  200  acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre;  is  a  native 
of  Ireland  ;  was  born  in  Cavan  Co.,  Feb. 
5,  1843  ;  he  came  to  the  United  States 
with  his  parents  when  he  was  quite  young 
and  settled  in  Wisconsin  ;  thence  to  Indi- 
ana, locating  in  Tippecanoe  Co.,  where  they 
now  reside  ;  he  came  to  Illinois,  locating 
where  he  now  lives  in  1873,  and  began  im- 
proving his  farm.  He  married  Miss  Re- 
becca Wallace,  of  Indiana.  March  14,  1872; 
she  was  born  in  Tippecanoe  Co.,  May  2, 
1850  ;  they  are  the  parents  of  three  chil- 
dien — Wallace  R.  and  Nina  J.,  born  Dec. 
12,  1873;  Nina  died  March  10,  1876; 
Jessie  F.,  born  Sept.  23,  1875.  He  has 
served  as  School  Director  and  Road  Com- 
missioner, which  he  holds  at  present.  He 
has  been  industrious  and  economical,  and 
has  accumulated  a  good  property. 

S.  L.  MARSH,  farmer,  Sec.  27;  P.  0. 
Saunemin  ;  he  owns  ninety  and  faims  220 
acres ;  is  a  native  of  Massachusetts ;  was 
born  in  Worcester  Co.,  Feb.  15,  1820; 
during  his  early  life  he  received  a  good  ed- 
ucation at  Nicols  Academy,  Dudley.  Mass., 
after  which  he  learned  the  trade  of  carpen- 
ter and  joiner,  and  engaged  in  coiitract- 
ins  and  building  ;  located  at  Southbridge, 
and  during  the  W' inter  months  taught 
school.  On  June  20,  1848,  he  married 
Miss  Mary  L.  Lee,  of  his  native  county  ; 
she  was  born  April  21,  1826  ;  they  came 
to  Illinois  in  1856,  stopping  in  La  Salle 
Co.  two  years ;  thence  to  where  they  now 
reside.  He  has  served  as  School  Director, 
Road  Commissioner  and  Town  Clerk; 
at  present  holds  the  office  of  Treasuier. 
They  have  a  family  if  five  children — 
Myra  C,  Abbie  R.,  Elvira  L.,  Henry  S., 
Frank  H. 

JOHN  MARINER,  farmer,  Sec.  20; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  Cumberland 
Co.,  Me.,  June  8,  1838  ;  he  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  1861,  locating  where  he  now  re- 
sides. He  married  Mrs.  Nancy  Young 
March  5,  1871  ;  she  was  born  in  Vermil- 
ion Co.,  Ind.,  Dec.  6,  1839;  she  came  to 
Illinois  in  1849,  and  located  in  Grrundy 
Co.;  thence  into  Livingston,  settling  where 
she  now  resides,  and  where  Mr.  Young 
died,  Oct.  25, 1869,  leaving  six  children — 


John  P.,  born  Nov.  18,  1860  ;  Mary  S., 
born  July  22,  1862  ;  Joseph  G.,  born 
Aug.  27,  1863  ;  Charlotte,  born  June 
30,  1865;  Anna  L.,  born  Jan.  31,  1866, 
died  Aug.  25,  1868  ;  Nannie  A.,  born  Nov. 
5,  1869.  She  has  four  children  by  second 
husband — George  E.,  born  Dec.  22,  1871, 
deceased;  Nellie  I.,  born  Aug.  15,  1873; 
Joseph  S..  born  July  17,  1875  ;  Sylvia 
E.,  born  March  25, 1877.  They  own  160 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 

0.  H.  P.  NOEL,  farmer,  Sec.  4  ;  P.  0. 
Saunemin  ;  born  in  Will  Co.,  Ill,  June  11, 
1837,  where  he  received  a  good  education. 
He  married  Miss  Caroline  Reed,  of  Will 
Co.,  Dec.  25, 1860  ;  she  was  born  Aug.  5^ 
1840  ;  then  removed  into  Douglas  Co.,  and 
began  in  agricultural  pursuits,  in  which  he 
has  since  continued;  he  settled  where  he 
now  resides  in  1864,  He  has  served  in  a 
number  of  township  offices,  and  at  present 
is  Township  Assessor.  He  owns  1 60  acres, 
of  well-improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per 
acre.  They  are  parents  of  eight  chil- 
dren— Frances  (deceased),  James  F.,  Sher- 
man, Sheridan  (deceased),  George  E.,  Anna 
L.,  Jessie  M.  and  Mary. 

M.  PADDOCK,  farmer.  Sec.  14  ;  P.  0. 
Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
Aug.  6,  1842 ;  he  removed  with  his  par- 
ents to  Illinois  while  quite  young ;  they 
located  in  Lake  Co.;  at  the  age  of  16,  he 
with  his  brother,  A.  C,  returned  to  Wis- 
consin on  a  visit  to  his  sisters,  at  German- 
town,  and  on  returning,  they  built  a  small 
rovigh  skiff,  intending  to  return  by  the  river, 
and  on  their  voya<.'e  met  with  quite  a 
dangerous  experience  while  passing  through  . 
the  Dells,  being  drawn  into  a  large  whirl- 
pool, and  with  a  narrow  escape  they  saved 
themselves  Irom  a  watery  grave;  they 
afterward  had  a  great  deal  of  expeiience 
traveling  in  that  way  upon  the  Baraboo, 
Wisconsin  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  He  fl 
served  three  years  in  the  late  war,  and  was 
in  a  number  of  heavy  battles.  He  settled 
where  he  now  resides  in  1865  ;  he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  well-improved  land.  In 
1866,  he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Rich,  only 
daughter  of  J.  J.  Rich,  a  prominent  farmer 
of  this  township  ;  she  was  born  in  En- 
gland Dec.  16,  1847  ;  they  are  parents  of 
four  children — James  M.,  born  Dec.  14, 
1867;  Ernest  A.,  born  Dec.  12,  1869; 
Emma  L.,  born  Sept.  30, 1871  ;  Clara  G., 
born  March  3,  1878. 


SAUNEMIN   TOWNSHIP. 


781 


G.  D.  PADDOCK,  general  merchan- 
dise, Sauneiuin;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
was  born  in  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Dec.  25, 
1840;  lie  removed  with  his  parents  when 
(|uite  young  to  Antioch,  111.,  wliere  he  re- 
mained until  18G2,  when  he  enlisted  in  the 
iHjth  I.  V.  I.  ;  was  in  several  engagements  ; 
was  mustered  out  Feb.  24,  1865  ;  he  then 
returned  to  Antioch,  thence  to  Bourbon 
Co  ,  Kan.,  where  he  bought  and  improved 
a  farm  ;  iu  1871  be  sold  out  and  came  and 
located  where  he  now  resides,  and  engaged 
in  his  present  business.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  Warner,  Aug  31,  18G0  ;  she  was 
born  Oct.  7,  18-12  ;  they  are  the  parents  of 
two  children — Lyman  G.,  born  May  2, 
1802  ;   Aii-nes  M.,  born  Dec.  13,  1809. 

A.  ROSS,  farmer,  Sec.  20 ;  P.  0.  Saune- 
min  ;  was  born  in  Dumbartonshire,  Scot- 
land, July  25,  1838  ;  he  came  to  the  United 
States  and  located  in  Rockingham  Co.,  N. 
H.,  in  1855,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of 
gas  and  steam  pipe  making,  which  occupa- 
tion he  continued  until  1858  ;  thence  to 
Illinois,  locating  in  La  Salle,  and  iu  1807 
bought  and  began  improving  his  farm  where 
he  now  resides,  which  consists  of  320  acres, 
valued  at  §40  per  acre.  He  married  Miss 
Lizzie  White, of  his  native  country.  July  22, 
1850;  she  was  born  May,  1838;  they 
are  parents  of  three  children — Alexander 
W.,  born  Feb.  22,  1858 ;  Lizzie  E.,  born 
Sept.  5,  1800;  Henry  W.,  born  April 
22,  1802.  Has  served  as  School  Director 
and  Road  Commissioner  a  number  of 
terms. 

J.  J.  RICH,  farmer.  Sec.  23  ;  P.  0. 
Sautiemin  ;  he  owns  120  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land  ;  is  a  native  of  England  ;  born 
in  Somersetshire,  Feb.  14,  1813  ;  he  re- 
maine<l  with  his  parents  until  30  years  of 
age,  and  received  a  good  English  education  ; 
In  1842,  June  4,  he  married  Miss  Mary 
Ann  Perrett ;  she  was  born  Feb.  9,  1812  ; 
they  sailed  from  Bristol  3Iay,  1855,  and 
landed  in  New  York  City  June  22 ;  came 
directly  to  Illinois,  locating  in  Lake  Co., 
where  he  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
which  he  has  continued  ;  settled  where 
they  now  reside  in  18G7 ;  they  are  the 
parents  of  six  children — James,  born  April 
8,  1843,  killed  at  the  battle  of  Chickamau- 
ga,  September,  1863 ;  John,  born  Feb. 
18,  1845  ;  Mary  Ann,  born  Dec.  10,  1840  ; 
Joseph,  born  April  4,  1849  ;  Jefi'ry,  born 
March  27,1851. 


WALTER  A.  RIGHTER,  farmer,  Sec. 
9  ;  P.  O.  Saunemin  ;  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  Onondaga  Co.,  N.  Y., 
June  15,  1839;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
1859,  locating  in  Lockpoi't,  where  he  re- 
mained about  two  years,  and  there  married 
Miss  Julia  M.  Reed,  Dec.  25,  1800  ;  .s  ;.- 
pa^ssed  away  Nov.  22,  1872,  leaving  two 
children — Carrie  B.,  born  June  20,  1809  ; 
George,  born  Oct.  27,  1872,  died  in  Auizust, 
1873  ;  he  removed  to  Iowa  in  1801,  and 
there  was  in  the  employ  of  the  M.  & 
M.  R.  R.  ft.r  a  time,  also  engaged  in 
freighting  along  the  line,  which  he  followed 
about  three  years;  in  1864,  he  bought 
and  began  improving  liis  farm  where  he 
now  resides  ;  he  owns  220  acres  of  well- 
improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
He  married  his  second  wife,  Miss  Celestia 
Kelly,  Nov.  7,  1873  ;  she  was  born  Feb. 
13,  1843  ;  they  have  one  child — Nellie  M., 
born  Oct.  22,  1870. 

R.  RUSTON,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P.  0. 
Saunemin ;  was  born  in  Cambridgeshire, 
England,  April  18,  1808;  he  came  to  this 
county  in  1834,  locating  in  Vanderburg 
Co.,  Ind.,  where  he  bought  and  improved 
100  acres  of  land,  and  in  1805  sold  and 
came  to  IlHnois  and  located  where  he  now 
resides  ;  he  owns  300  acres  of  well-improved 
land.  He  has  served  as  School  Trustee  a 
number  of  terms,  and  at  present  is  Road 
Commissioner.  He  married  Miss  Mary 
Westwood,  of  his  native  country,  March  5, 
1828;  she  died  Nov.  18,  1870,  leaving 
seven  children — James,  born  in  England  ; 
George,  born  in  England  ;  Sarah  (now 
Mrs.  Guise),  Charles  (deceased),  Mary 
(now  Mrs.  G.  W.  LangfSjrd),  Ann  (now 
Mrs.  Moulds),  Isabel  (now  Mrs.  Palmer) 
and  Winfield. 

JOHN  RICH,  farmer.  Sec.  23;  P.  0. 
Saunemin  ;  he  was  born  in  Somersetshire, 
Eng.,  Feb.  18.  1845  ;  he  came  to  this 
country,  with  his  parents,  in  1855  ;  they 
located  in  Lake  Co.,  111.,  where  they  re- 
mained, engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits, 
until  1804,  when  they  removed  into  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  settling  where  they  now  reside. 
He  married  Miss  Helen  Paddock,  of  Lake 
Co.,  111.,  Feb.  21,  1870;  she  was  born 
Nov.  ::9,  1840  ;  tliey  are  parents  of  four 
children — Morris  D.,  born  March  10, 
1871  ;  Surah  Jane,  born  May  5,  1872; 
Ada  C.  B.,  born  Aug.  17,  1874;  Arthur 
J.,  born  Nov.  17,  1877.     He  owns  forty 


782 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES : 


acres  of  well-improved  land,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre;  he  farms  about  120  acres,  and  is 
much  respected  by  all  who  know  him. 

H.  M.  RIGHTER,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  16  ;  P.  0.  Saunemin ;  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Onondaga 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1837  ;  he  came  to 
Illinois  in  1857,  locating  at  Lockport, 
where  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  carpenter 
and  joiner,  and  being  of  a  mechanical  turn 
of  mind,  he  soon  learned  the  trade,  and  en- 
gaged in  contracting  and  building,  in 
which  he  met  with  good  success.  During 
the  late  war  he  was  employed  by  the  Grov- 
ernment  as  bridge  builder,  after  which  he 
returned  to  Lockport,  where  he  married 
Miss  Zarilda  Reed,  April  16,  1865;  she 
was  born  Feb.  11,  181:2  ;  they  bought  and 
settled  upon  the  ftirm  where  they  now  re- 
side in  1865,  which  consists  ot  240  acres, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  improved  farms  in 
this  town  ;  they  are  parents  of  two  children 
— AnnaL.,  born  Sept.  17,  1868;  Mary 
F.,  born  Aug.  15,  1871. 

R.  S.  SPAFFORD,  farmer,  Sec.  24  ; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  Lincolnshire, 
Eng.,  March  10,  1823  ;  while  in  England, 
he  learned  the  trade  of  a  miller,  which  he 
followed  about  six  years  ;  he  came  to  this 
country  in  1849,  locating  in  Montgomery 
Co.,  Ind.,  and  began  farming,  which  he  has 
been  quite  successful  in  ;  having  been  in- 
dustrious and  economical,  has  accumulated 
a  good  property  ;  he  settled  where  he  now 
resides  in  1858  ;  he  owns  535  acres  of 
well- improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre. 
He  has  served  as  Road  Commissioner, 
School  Director  a  number  of  terms,  and 
done  much  toward  establishing  schools 
and  churches  in  his  town,  and  is  much  re- 
spected by  all  who  know  him.  He  married 
Miss  Lucy  Hill,  of  his  native  country. 
May  6,  1852  ;  they  have  four  children  liv- 
ing— Sarah  Ann  (now  Mrs.  Rich),  Mary, 
Thomas  L.  and  John  C. 

L.  F.  SHEPHERD,  farmer,  Sec. 
29 ;  P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  he  owns  247 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ; 
he  is  a  native  of  Ohio  —  was  born 
in  Montgomery  Co.  Aug.  2,  1834 ;  he 
came  to  Illinois  with  his  parents,  in  1836, 
settling  in  Marshall  Co.,  where  he  was 
raised  a  farmer  ;  in  1872,  he  removed  to 
Washburn,  Woodford  Co.,  and  engaged  in 
the  livery  business,  which  he  continued 
until   1876,   when  he  bought  and  settled 


where  he  now  resides.  He  married  Misa 
Mary  J.  Gray,  of  Marshall  Co.,  Feb.  21.. 
1856 ;  she  was  born  June  23,  1835  ;  they 
are  the  parents  of  five  children — John  P., 
born  Nov.  4,  1858  ;  William  R.,born  Dec. 
12,  1860  ;  Charles  E.,  born  May  1,  1869  ; 
Isabel  C,  born  July  6,  1871  ;  Jessie  E., 
born  Jan.  2,  1875. 

THOMAS  SPAFFORD,  farmer,  Sees. 
21    and    28 ;    P.  0.    Saunemin ;    he  was 
born    in    Lincolnshire,    Eng.,    Jan.    28, 
1827  ;  during  his    early  life,   he   learned 
the    trade  of  a  butcher,    which    he   fol- 
loAved    while    in    England,    also    in    this 
country,  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  for  a  time.  He 
came  to  this  country  in  1850  ;  in  the  Fall 
of  1851,  he  located  in  Fountain  Co.,  Ind., 
and  there  began  farming,  in  which  he  has 
since  continued ;   he  came  to  the  United 
States  a  poor  man,  and,  through  his  indus- 
try, energy  and  economy,  has  accumulated 
a  large  property  ;  he  owns  497  acres  of  well- 
improved  lan^,  is  stockholder  in  the  Liv- 
ingston Co.  National  Bank  and  the  Pontiac 
National  Bank  ;  also  property  in  Pontiac  ; 
he  settled  where  he  now  resides  in  1858, 
at  which  time  there  were  but  few  settlers 
in  the  county.     He  has  done  much  toward 
establishing  schools  and  churches,  and  has 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  public  matters 
pertaining  to  the  interests  of  the  county, 
and  is  a  much  respected  citizen.     He  mar- 
ried Mrs.  Mary  Ann  Jordan,  of  Montgom- 
ery Co.,   Wales,  May  25,  1854;  she' was 
born  Oct.   15,    1831  ;   they  have  six  chil- 
dren-Sarah, born    July   3,    1854    (now 
Mrs.    Hudgin)  ;    John,    born     February, 
1856,  died  an  infant ;  John,  born  April  18, 
1 858,  died  an   infant ;   Betsy,  born  June 
11,1860;   Minnie,  born  Oct.   17,  1863; 
Hannah,    born    Aug.     19,     1866.     Mrs. 
Spafford  has  one  child  by  first  husband — 
David,  born  March  19,  1850. 

ROBERT  SHIELDS;  farmer.  Sec.  36; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  Lexington, 
Ky.,  Sept.  27,  1840  ;  he  came  to  Illinois 
with  his  parents  in  1847  ;  located  in  Mc- 
Lean Co.,  111.,  where  they  now  reside.  He 
enlisted  in  the  late  war  of  the  rebellion 
in  the  3d  Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry ;  was 
wounded  at  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  Ark., 
which  disabled  him  for  duty,  and  was  dis- 
charged in  March,  1863;  then  returned 
home,  and  in  February,  1864,  re-enlisted 
in  the  150th  111.  Vol.  Inf ,  and  served  one 
year,  after  which  he  settled  where  he  now 


SAUNEMIN   TOWNSHIP. 


783 


resides,  and  begau  improving;  his  farm, 
which  consists  of  240  acres  of  improved 
land.  He  married  Miss  Liza  B.  Lillie, 
of  this  county,  Nov.  4,  1873;  they  have 
three  children — AVilliam  T..  born  Aug.  25, 
1874  ;  Clarence  S.,  born  May  29,  1875  ; 
Lillie  B.,  born  Feb.  25.  1878. 

C.  H.  SWAN,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ;  P.  0. 
Saunemin ;  was  born  in  Kane  Co.,  111., 
July  1 ,  1 843 ;  he  was  raised  upon  a  fiirm 
and  received  a  good  common  school  educa- 
tion. He  married  Miss  ^Martha  E.  Taylor, 
of  Kane  Co.,  Feb.  12,  1868;  she  was  born 
in  Kan(>  Co.,  Sept.  8,  1842  ;  they  are 
parents  of  two  children — Ernest  E.,  born 
July  4,  1871  ;  Clarence  E.,  Dec.  8,  1872. 
Mr.  Swan  bought  and  began  improving 
the  farm  where  he  now  resides  in  1866  ; 
he  owns  Kill  acres  of  well-improved  land, 
valued  at  $45  per  acre  ;  he  has  always 
taken  an  active  part  in  all  public  matters 
pertaining  to  tlie   interests  of    his   town. 

H.  P.  SWAN,  farmer  and  stock  raiser. 
See.  16  ;  P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in 
Calhoun  Co.,  Mich.,  Sept.  12,  1836  ;  re- 
moved with  parents  to  Illinois  when  quite 
young,  settling  in  Kane  Co.,  where  they 
now  reside.  He  married  iMiss  Mary 
Whildiug,  of  Kane  Co.,  111.,  March  7, 
1859;  she  was  born  in  Kane  Co.,  Feb. 
15,  1840  ;  thev  bought  and  settled  on  the 
farm  where  they  now  reside  in  1864, 
which  consists  of  160  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land.  In  the  Fall  of  1861,  Mr. 
Swan  enlisted  in  the  7th  Kansas  Cavalry, 
and  was  in  a  number  of  severe  skirmishes 
and  at  the  battle  of  Little  Blue,  Mo.,  re- 
ceived seveu  wounds,  and  was  left  upon 
the  battlefield  as  dead  ;  he  was  discharged 
July  11,  1862,  and  shortly  afterward 
!  settled  in  Livingston  Co.  His  family  con- 
sists of  his  wife  and  one  child — Svlvia  V., 
born  Feb.  17,  1861. 

JAMES  SMITH,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  2)-?;  P.  0.  Saunemin;  was 
born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  July  24,  1839; 
during  his  early  life  he  received  a  good 
common  school  education  ;  in  1864,  he 
emigrated  to  Idaho  with  a  party  of  300 
by  way  of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains,  which 
Was  .the  first  train  that  passed  through 
Bridgor  Cuttoff.  He  met  with  good  suc- 
cess in  mining,  and  returned  by  way  of 
Missouri  Kiver  by  a  small  boat,  stopping 
in  the  Bad  Lands  for  a  few  days,  and  landed 
at  St.  Jue,  3Io.,  after  a  voyage  of  thirty-five 


days ;  he  then  bought  and  settled  upon 
his  farm  where  he  now  resides,  which  con- 
sists of  160  acres  of  land  which  is  well 
improved.  He  married  Miss  Maggie 
Barker  Oct.  29,  1868;  they  had  four 
children — Arthur  L  ,  born  Oct.  5,  1869  ; 
Sidney  E.,  born  March  10,  1872;  Willie 
J.,  born  May  19,  1875  ;  Ada  L.,  born 
Nov.    6.  1876. 

J.  B.  TUTTLE,  farnur,  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0. 
Odell ;  owns  902  acres  of  well-improved 
land ;  is  a  native  of  New  York  ;  was  born 
in  Oneida  Co.  Feb.  6,  1815,  where  he  re- 
ceived a  good  English  education,  and  at 
the  age  of  24  he  went  for  himself  and 
engaged  in  farming ;  he  came  to  Illinois 
in  1861,  settling  in  La  Salle  Co.,  where  he 
remained  until  1871,  when  he  settled  where 
he  now  resides  and  has  improved  1280 
acres,  and  has  dealt  quite  extensively  in 
stock,  in  which  business  he  was  quite  suc- 
cessful, and,  being  a  practical  farmer,  in- 
dustrious and  economical,  has  accumu- 
lated a  large  property.  In  January,  1839, 
he  married  Miss  Lorett  Nichols,  of  his 
native  county;  she  passed  away  Jan.  18, 
1870,  leaving  four  children — Geraldine, 
(now  Mrs.  Parks,  residing  in  Camden,  N. 
y.),  Delight  E.  (now  Mr».  Hannah  resides 
in  Lisbon,  Illinois),  Medora  (now  Mrs. 
Hossack,  resides  in  Ottawa),  John  B. 
He  married  Miss  Sarah  S.  Noble,  of 
Rockfbrd,  111.,  April  3,  1872  ;  she  was 
born  in  DuPage  Co.,  111.,  Sept.  10,   1843. 

T.  M.  THORNTON,  former,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Saunemin  ;  was  born  in  Licking  Co., 
Ohio,  Dec.  11, 1840  ;  while  quite  young  he 
removed  with  his  parents  to  Logan  Co., 
where  he  remaini'd  until  1854,  when  they 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  in  this  county, 
and  engaged  in  farming ;  he  settled  where 
he  now  resides,  in  1307;  he  owns  eighty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  §40  per  acre.  He 
marrie.l  Miss  IMary  Righter,  of  Onondaga, 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  1,  1866.  Mr.  Thornton 
enlisted  in  the  3d  111.  V.  C.  in  Aug.,  1861  ; 
was  in  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  the  bat- 
tles of  Pea  Ridge,  Champion  Hills,  Jack- 
son, Black  River,  and  a  number  of  others, 
and  escaped  without  a  scratch  ;  was  mus- 
tered out  September,  1864.  He  has  five 
children — Freddie,  deceased  ;  Gertrude, 
deceased  ;   Eddie  and  Nettie  M. 

THOMAS  WATTS,  farmer,  Sec.  3 ; 
P.  0.  Saunemin;  was  born  in  Hunting- 
shire,  Eng.,  Aug.  14,   1828 ;  he  came  to 


784 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES 


the  United  States  with  his  parents  in  1831 , 
locating  in  Vanderburo-  Co  ,  Ind.,  where  he 
was   raised   upon  a    farm    and  received  a  > 
common   school   education;  his  first  occu- 
pation  was   that    of  a   stage  driver.     He 
married    Miss    Harriet  Seabrooks    March 
5,    1853;  she    was    born  June  17,  1829  ; 
in    1855    he   removed  into  Clay  Co.    and 
began  farming,  in  which  he  has  since  con- 
tinued ;  he    came    to    Illinois  and   bought 
and  improved  eighty  acres  of  land  in  Mar- 
shall  Co.,    which    he    sold    in   1867    and 
bought  where   he  now  resides.      He  owns 
onehundred  acres  of  well-improved  land  ; 
has    a  family  of  eleven  children — Charles 
H.,    William    T.,    Albert    D.,    Sarah    K., 
Susan  E..  Charlotte    A.,  John   S.,   Hattie 
B.,  Eva  M.,  Harriet  L,,  Mary  E. 

A.  C.  WINTERS,   farmer    and    stock 
raiser,  Sec.  32  ;  P.   0.  Pontiac  ;   he  owns 
320  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §40  per  acre, 
is  finely  watered  and  well  adapted  to  stock 
raising  ;  he  is  a    native  of  West  Virginia  ; 
was  born  in  Marshall  Co.,  March  4,  1829  ; 
at  the  age  of  21  he  came  to  Marshall  Co., 
111.,  where  he  remained  engaged  in  farming 
until  1864,  when  he  settled  where  be  now 
resides.     In   May   30,    1852,   he    married 
Miss   Frances  Miller ;  she    died  Sept.  25, 
1854,  leaving  one  child — Alfarata  F.,  and 
on  Feb.  19,  1856,    he  married  his  second 
^ife— Miss    Eliza    A.     Malone;    she  was 
born  Feb.  16,   1835  ;  they  are  parents  of 
eight     children — Elbridge    and   Eldridire, 
born  Aug.   23,  1857;  Eldridge  deceased; 
Ida  B.,   born  Nov.  20,  1858  ;  Emma  R., 
born   :March    18,  1860;  Clarence  II.  and 
Clarissie  B.,    born  Jan.  6,   1862,  Clarissa 
decea.«ed;    Ira    M.,   born   Dec.   13,  1869; 
Jessie  E.,  born.  Oct.  1,  1872. 


JAMES  M.  WYLIE,  farmer.  Sec.  5 
P.O.  Pontiac;  was  born    in  Warren    Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.    15,  1830;    removed  with  his 
parents  to  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1837, 
where  he  lived  until  1847  ;  thence  to  New 
Lancaster,  111.,  and  there  engaged  in  black- 
smithing  until    the    Spring    of    1850,  at 
which  time    he    emigrated  to    California, 
where  he  remained  engaged  in  mining  and 
farming  for  twenty  years,  after  which  time 
he   returned    and    settled    at  his    present 
place  of  residence ;  he  owns  205   acres  of 
land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.'     He  marri<?d 
Miss  Leah   A.  Jones  of  Indiana,  Dec.  1, 
1870;  she  was  born  Jan.  23.  1840;  they 
are  the  parents  of  three   children — Addie,  • 
born  Nov.    19,  1872;  Freddie,  born  Oct. 
26,  1874  ;  Jessie,  born  Dec.  18, 1875. 

A.  W.  YOUNG,  blacksmith  and  farmer, 
Sec.    21;  P.  0.  Saunemin;    was  born  in 
Loudon  Co.,  Va.,    Feb.  12,    1836;  he  be- 
gan the    trade  of  a  blacksmith  when  15 
j  years  of  age,  which    he   learned  and  con- 
I  tinned  in  thus  far  through  life  ;  he  removed 
to  Livingston  Co.  in  1865,  locating  in  Pon- 
tiac, where    he  engaged  in  blacksmithing, 
in  which  he  has  been  quite  successful,  hav- 
ing accumulated  a  good  property  ;  he  owns 
I  eighty    acres   of  well-improved    land ;   he 
settled  where  he  now  resides  in  1874.      In 
Jan.  15,  1861,  he  married  Miss  Su-^an  Bell, 
of  his  native  county ;  she  was  born  Aug. 
I   17,  1842  ;  they  have  five  children  living— 
\  Edgar,    born    June    21,   1862;  Alice  B., 
j  born   Jan.  7,   1864  :   William,  born  Aug. 
I   13.  1865,  died  Feb.    8,  1866;  George  C. 
born  April  11,  1868  ;  Fred    B.,  born  Jan. 
24,  1872;   died   Jan.   19,  1874;   Charles, 
born  March  12,  1876. 


I 


SULLIVAN    TOWNSHIP. 


G.  W.  BUTE,  farmer,  Sec.  2  ;  P.  0.  , 
Sullivan  Center;  owns  100  acres  of  land; 
is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ;  was  born  in 
Fayette  County  March  12, 1844,  where  he 
received  a  good  common  school  education, 
and  in  1865,  he  came  to  Illinois,  locating 
in  La  Salle  County  ;  his  father  died  Oct. 
22, 1861,  and  in  1866,  his  mother,  with 
the  balance  of  the  family,  came  to  La  Salle 
Co.,  111.,  where  they  remained  until  1875, 


when  they  settled  where  they  now  reside. 
In  the  family  of  Jefferson  Bute  there  are 
five  boys  and  two  girls  living'^— George  W., 
Mary  E.  (now  Mrs.  Jones,  widow ;  she  has 
one  child,  Francis  E.  K  Joseph  F.  (residing 
in  Ford  County),  Daniel  J.,  K.  Cyrus, 
John  H.,  Elizabeth  C ;  they  all  reside 
together  on  Section  1 1 ,  except  Joseph  V. ; 
they  came  to  Illinois  without  any  means, 
and  have  been  industrious  and  economical, 


SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 


785 


having  accumulated,  each  of  them,  a  good 
property,  and  arc  public  spirited  ami  much 
re^jiected  l)y  all  who  know  them. 

MONROE  BlITE,  farmer;  P.  0.  Sul- 
livan Center;  Sec.  7,  of  Mona  Township, 
Fonl  County,  where  he  own.s  620  acres  of 
hind  and  eighty  acres  in  Sullivan  Town- 
i~hip,  Livingston  County ;  he  is  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  ;  was  born  in  Fayette  County, 
Jan.  20,  1822,  where  he  was  raised  a 
farmer,  and  lias  since  continued  in  agricult- 
ural pursuits ;  he  came  West,  locating  in 
La  Salle  (Viunty  in  l8G0;there  bought 
and  iuiprovcd  100  acres  ;  he  settled  where 
he  now  resides  in  1868,  and  has  improved 
TOO  acres;  he  is  a  practical  farmer,  having 
met  with  good  success.  Has  served  as 
Justice  of  the  Peace  eight  years ;  also 
School  Trustee  and  Asses-or,  beiu'i  the 
first  Asse.'isor  of  this  town.  On  Feb.  28. 
1848,  he  married  Mi.-s  Elizabeth  Ball,  of 
his  native  county ;  they  are  the  parents  of 
nine  children — John  B.,  born  in  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  William  H.,  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
Mary  A.,  born  in  Pennsylvania  ;  David  H., 
born  in  Penn.'^ylvania  ;  Samuel  E.,  born  in 
Pennsylvania  ;  James  E.,  bom  in  Pennsyl- 
vania; Susan  I  ,  born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  111. ; 
Clara  E.,  born  where  they  now  re.side; 
Albert  (\,  born  where  they  now  reside. 

RICHARD  BROOKS,  farmer,  Sec. 
32 ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth ;  owns  560  acres 
of  improved  land ;  is  a  native  of  En- 
gland ;  was  born  in  Northamjno.nshire  Nov. 
0,  1824;  he  came  to  the  United  States 
in  1840,  locating  in  Poughkeepsie,  N. 
Y.,  and  there  was  employed  by  Gif- 
ford,  Sherman  &  Innis,  manufacturers 
of  dye  wood  and  dye  stuffs,  as  engineer ; 
the  trade  of  engineering  he  learned  in 
England;  in  1855,  he  came  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  La  Salle  County,  and  there 
began  farming;  also  engaged  in  coal  mining; 
he  settled  and  began  inipr<»ving  where  he 
now  resides  in  1809.  On  March  12,  1845, 
he  married  Miss  Mary  A.  Daniels,  of 
Worcestershire,  England ;  she  was  born 
Aug.  8.  1816;  they  are  the  parents  of  si.x: 
<hildrcn — Sarah  (now  Mrs.  Meadows), 
AVilliam  (decea.sed),  George  W.,  Mary  E., 
John  (  deceased),  Susan  (  deceased ).  .Mr. 
Brooks  is  a  mnn  of  energy  and  indu-stry, 
is  a  practical  farmer,  has  accumulated  a 
good  property,  has  always  taken  an  active 
part  in  all  pubHc  matters  pertaining  to 
the  interests  of  his  town,  and   is  consid- 


ered   one   of  the   solid    men   of  Sullivan 
Township. 

JAMKS  BERGAN,  farmer,  Sec.  I  ;  P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  owns  100  acres  of  well- 
improved  land,  valued  at  S40  per  acre  ;  is 
a  native  of  Ireland;  was  born  in  Kilken- 
ny Co.,  June  14,  1841  ;  he  came  to  this 
country  with  his  parents  while  quite 
young,  and  remained  in  New  York-  State 
about  five  years,  then  came  to  Illinois  an<l 
engaged  in  farmin'jr  in  Peoria  Co.;  in  1858 
they  settled  where  they  now  reside,  and 
have  improved  400  acres.  He  enlisted  in 
the  77th  I.  V.  I.,  July,  1862  ;  he  was 
through  a  number  of  battles  and  wh 
taken  prisoner  at  Fort  Gaines,  Ala.,  in  I 
held  a  prisoner  in  the  Andersonville  prison 
eleven  months ;  was  mustered  out  Aug., 
1865.  June  14,  1874,  he  married  Miss 
Mary  Baile;  they  have  a  family  of  two 
children — William,  born  Sept.  15,  1875  ; 
Thomas,  born  Sept.  1,4  1876. 

T.  W.  CHANDLER,  farmer.  Sec.  3  ; 
P.  0.  Sullivan  Center;  owns  160  acres  of 
well  improved  land,  valued  at  840  per 
acre  ;  he  is  a  native  of  Maine  ;  was  born  in 
Somerset  Co.,  March  2,  1837  ;  at  the  age 
of  17  he  engaged  in  the  lumbering  woods 
on  the  Kennebec  River,  near  the  Canada 
line ;  was  also  engaged  in  running  saw- 
mills until  1856,  when  he  came  to  Grundy 
Co.,  111.,  and  stopped  there  until  1858, 
when  he  with  a  party  of  five  started  with 
teams  for  Pike's  Peak,  and  after  a  journey 
of  about  sixty  days  they  abandoned  the 
trip  and  returned  and  stopped  in  Southern 
Illinois  until  Aug.,  1861,  when  he  enlisted 
with  the  80th  I.  V.  I.,  and  in  July,  1802. 
he  returned  to  Grundy  Co.  and  there  got 
up  a  company  and  was  elected  Captain, 
and  after  being  commi.ssioiied  by  Gov. 
Yates,  joined  the  127th  \.  V.  I.,  and  in 
July,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  the  office 
of  Major,  which  office  he  filled  until  July, 
1804,  when  he  resigned  and  went  to  Maine 
on  a  visit,  after  which  he  settled  where  he 
now  r<-sides.  On  Oct.  11,  1802,  he  mar- 
lied  Miss  Anna  E.  M.  Bartholic,  of 
(jlrundy  Co.;  she  was  born  in  Newport, 
K.  I.,  July  20,  1842;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren— Eudora  E.,  Charles  A.,  Alfred  H., 
Thomas  W.,  David  H.,  Clara  >L 

FBANK  GARY,  blacksmith,  Sullivan 
Center;  was  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.. 
April  11,  1851  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  with 
his  parents  in  1859,  locating  in  Blooming- 


786 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


ton,  where  he  found  employment  with  the 
C,  A.  &  St.  L.  R.  R.  Co.,  in  the  hlack- 
smitli  department,  where  he  learned  the 
trade,  after  which  he  removed  to  Joliet, 
and  there  was  employed  by  the  Joliet 
Rolling  Mills  Co.,  and  continued  until 
1874,  when  he  located  where  he  now  re- 
sides, and  being  an  able  workman  in  his 
profession  has  built  up  a  good  trade.  On 
Dec.  4,  1872,  he  married  Miss  Mary 
Clark,  -of  Dwight ;  they  have  two  chil- 
dren— James,  born  March  9,  1874  ;  Ellen, 
'  borg  Feb.  14,  1876. 

DANIEL  CLARK,  fiirmer,  Sec.  1  ;  P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  owns  280  acres  of  land; 
is  a  native  of  England  ;  was  born  in  Lin- 
colnshire, March  31,  1828;  he  came  to 
the  United  States  in  1853,  and  came  di- 
rectly to  Illinois,  stopping  in  Tazewell  Co. 
for  three  years ;  thence  to  Woodford  Co. 
and  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  which 
has  lieen  his  occupation  thus  far  through 
14fe ;  he  located  where  he  now  resides  in 
1859  ;  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  this 
town  ;  has  been  industrious  and  econom- 
ical, and  now  is  considered  one  of  the  solid 
men  of  the  town.  On  May  31,  1853,  he 
married  Miss  Harriet  Turton,  of  his  native 
country;  she  was  born  Dec.  22,  1827; 
they  have  four  children  living — David  T., 
born  Nov.  5,  1856  ;  John  T.,  March  25, 
1858;  Daniel  A.,  born  Oct.  4,  1862; 
Harriet  E.,  born  Aug.  25,  1865. 

MARTIN  DETWILER,  former,  Sec. 
17;  P.  0.  Sullivan  Center ;  is  a  native  of 
Penn. ;  was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  May  20, 
1844  ;  he  removed  with  his  parents  to 
Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  thence  to  Illinois,  and 
located  where  he  now  resides  in  1867,  and 
bought  and  began  improving  his  farm, 
which  consists  of  160  acres  and  is  well  im- 
proved. On  March  5,  1871,  he  married 
Miss  Susan  Blar,  of  Tazewell  Co.,  111.; 
she  was  born  Nov.  26,  1848  ;  they  are  the 
parents  of  one  child — Henry,  born  July 
25,  1873.  Mr.  Detwiler  has  served  as 
School  Director,  Road  Commissioner,  and 
at  present  is  Town  Assessor,  School  Trust- 
ee and  Road  Commissioner. 

G.  W.  EVANS,  farmer,  Sec.  36;  P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  is  a  native  of  Ohio  ;  was 
born  in  Huron  Co.,  Dec.  9,  1834  ;  he  came 
to  Illinois  when  quite  young ;  his  parents 
locating  in  Kendall  Co.,  in  1835,  where 
his  father  died  Oct.  8,  1857,  at  which 
time  he  had  charge  of  the  home  fai"m  ;  in 


May,  1861,  he  started  for  California;  was 
four  months  and  seven  days  making  the 
trip  ;  he  located  in  Yolo  Co.,  and  engaged 
in  agricultural  pursuits,  which  he  has  con- 
tinued ;  he  returned  to  Illinois  in  1868, 
and  in  the  Fall  of  1869,  he  bought,  set- 
tled and  began  improving  his  farm,  where 
he  now  resides,  which  consists  of  160 
acres.  On  Dec.  14,  1853,  he  married 
Miss  Lucy  L.  Lewis,  of  Kendall  Co. ;  she 
was  born  Sept.  5,  1838  ;  they  are  the  par- 
ents of  eight  children — Emma  E.  (now 
Mrs.  Cook),  ElnoraE.,  Anna  A.,  LillieM.. 
Wallace  N.,  Mary  J.,  George  A.,  Charles  0^ 

DANIEL  GALE,  iarmer,  Sec.  21 ;  P. 
0.  Sullivan  Center ;  owns  320  acres  of 
improved  land,  valued  at  $30  per  acre ;  is 
a  native  of  Vermont;  was  born  March  1, 
J 846  ;  became  to  Illinois  with  his  parents, 
in  1852,  and  settled  in  Peoria;  he  re- 
ceived a  good  educauon,  attending  school 
at  Knox  College,  and  finishing  his  school- 
ing at  Peoria,  after  which  he  taught,  in 
which  occupation  he  continued  until  1870, 
whtn  he  bought  and  began  improving 
where  he  now  resides.  On  Feb.  22,  1872, 
he  married  Miss  Hannah  A.  Evans,  of 
Peoria  Co.,  111. ;  she  was  born  Oct.  16, 
1844  ;  they  are  the  parents  of  two  children 
— Felicite  A.,  born  Feb.  10,  1873;  Wil- 
fred E.,  born  March  8,  1875. 

R.  F.  GRIFFING,  farmer,  Sec.  9;  P. 
0.  Sullivan  Center ;  he  owns  350  acres  of 
improved  land  ;  is  a  native  of  Massachu- 
setts ;  Avas  born  in  Berkshire  Co.,  Aug. 
22,  1826,  where  he  received  a  good  edu- 
cation, finishing  his  education  at  Shefiield 
Academy;  then  taught  school  in  Rich- 
mond and  Danbury,  Conn.,  atter  which  he 
learned  the  hatter's  trade ;  then  removed 
to  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  engaged  iit 
manfacturiug  and  retailing  hats  and  caps ; 
in  1852,  he  sold  out  and  removed  to 
Hornellsville,  N.  Y.,  and  there  engaged  in 
manufacturing  and  wholesaling  hats  and 
caps,  and  in  1855,  he  removed  to  Chicago, 
engaging  in  the  same  business ;  thence  to 
Peoria;  settled  where  he  now  resides  in 
1858  ;  he  is  a  pioneei',  and  has  done  much 
for  the  public  good  of  his  town  ;  has  served  as 
Town  Treasurer,  Trustee,  Clerk,  Assessor, 
and  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  having  satisfactorily  filled  these 
many  town  offices,  is  much  respected  by 
all  who  know  him.  He  married  Miss  Cor- 
nelia M.  Schofield,  Nov.  29, 1850  ;  she  died 


SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 


781 


Nov.  8,  1862,  leaving  three  children — 
Charles  F.,  Francis  \V.  and  William  VV. ; 
July  26,  1863,  he  married  for  his  second 
wife, Mrs.  Lauretta  V.  Morris, of  Peoria,  111.; 
she  was  born  Dec.  25,  1838  ;  she  has  four 
children — George  N.,  bv  first  husband; 
and  Julia  F..  Richard  M",  Ida  M. 

R.  P.  GALLUP,  farmer,  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0. 
Sullivan  Center;  owns  160  acres  of  well- 
improved  land  ;  is  a  native  of  Connecticut ; 
was  born  in  Windham  Co  ,  Feb.  28, 1829  ; 
he  remained  with  his  parents  and  received 
a  good  English  education  at  Plainfield 
Academy  and  finishing  at  West  Killingly 
Academy,  and  then  began  teaching,  in 
wbich  occupation  he  continued  a  number 
of  years.  He  enlisted  in  the  86th  111.  A''ol. 
Inf ,  Aug.  27,  1862  ;  was  in  a  number  of 
severe  battles,  among  which  were  the  cam- 
paign of  Atlanta  and  Sherman's  march  to 
the  sea,  and  escaped  with  but  a  slight 
wound  ;  was  mustered  out  June  20, 1865  ; 
he  settled  where  he  now  resides  in  1868, 
and  improved  the  farm  which  is  his  present 
home.  On  Feb.  26,  1873,  he  married 
Miss  Anna  C.  McCord,  of  Mexico,  Mis- 
souri;  she  was  born  in  Perry  Co.,  Penn., 
March  8,  1842  ;  they  are  the  parents  of 
three  children — Myrtle  G.,  born  Jan.  22, 
1874;  Isaac  J.,  born  June  12,  1875; 
Lillie  M.,  born  Dec.  10.  1877. 

FREDERICK  HACK,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser,  Sec.  25;  P.  O.  Chatsworth ; 
he  owns  560  acres  of  land,  well-im- 
proved ;  he  is  a  native  of  Bavaria,  Ger- 
many ;  was  born  March  6,  1828  ;  he  came 
to  this  country  in  1852,  stopping  in  Penn- 
sylvania three  years,  and  while  there  he 
married  Miss  Martha  Knorr,  June  1,  1852; 
she  is  a  native  of  Bavaria  ;  in  1855,  they 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  in  Grundy  Co., 
and  engaged  in  farming  ;  they  bought  and 
settled  where  they  now  reside  in  1858. 
Mr.  Hack  has  served  as  Road  Commis- 
siuner  sixteen  years  and  School  Director 
twelve  years,  and  serving  in  both  at  pres- 
ent ;  he  has  done  much  toward  the  settle- 
ment and  agricultural  development  of  his 
town,  and  has  accumulated  his  entire  prop- 
erty since  he  came  to  this  country ;  has  a 
family  of  six  children — Lizzie,  now  Mrs. 
Gmsh,  residing  on  Sec.  23  ;  Lenah,  at 
home  ;  Carolina  R.  (now  Mrs.  Haag,  resid- 
ing in  this  town),  Catherine  (now  Mrs. 
Hau'i,  living  in  thistown\  Ezra,  at  home; 
Freddie,  at  home. 


ISAAC  HERNER,  farmer,  Sec.  32; 
P.  0.  Cliatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Waterloo 
Co.,  Ontario,  July  27,  1837;  at  the  age 
of  16  he  was  :ipprenticcd  to  the  trade  of 
a  carpenter  and  joiner,  which  occupation 
he  followed  at  times  until  1872,  and  was 
financially  successful  ;  he  settled  where  he 
now  resides  in  the  Fall  of  1866,  and  began 
improving  in  1868  ;  he  now  has  his  farm, 
which  consists  of  240  acres,  well  improved. 
Mr.  Herner  is  an  industrious  and  energetic 
man  ;  has  accumulated  his  property  prin- 
cipally since  he  came  to  the  United  States. 
JOSIAH  KERR,  farmer.  Sees.  !)  and 
4  ;  P.  0.  Sullivan  Center ;  owns  240  acres 
of  land  ;  is  a  native  of  New  York  ;  was 
born  in  Oneida  Co.,  Jan.  2,  1839;  during 
his  early  life  he  received  a  good  English 
education;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1855, 
locating  in  La  Salle  Co.,  making  his  home 
with  Zopher  Tuttle,  and  attending  select 
school  at  Morris  ;  after  which  he  taught 
school,  then  engaged  in  buying  cattle  for 
Tuttle ;  he  bought  and  settled  in  this  town 
in  1864.  He  has  served  as  Supervisor, 
also  School  Trustee.  On  Nov.  11,  1868, 
he  married  Miss  Thisbe  Castle,  of  Oneida 
Co.,  N.  Y.;  she  was  born  Dec.  22,  1852  ; 
they  are  the  parents  of  three  children — 
Grant  L.,  born  March  22,  1870;  Clarence 
H.,  born  July  8, 1873,  died  Aug.  2,  1877  ; 
Sylvia  A.,  born  Dec.  20,  1875. 

B.  F.  LEHMAN,  farmer,  Sec.  23;  P. 
0.  Sullivan  Center  ;  was  born  in  Franklin 
Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  2,  1842,  where  he  received 
a  good  common  school  education,  and  at 
the  age  of  22  he  emigrated  to  lUitiois  and 
found  employment  as  a  farm  laborer  in 
Warren  Co.,  thence  to  Whiteside  Co.;  he 
bought,  settled  and  began  improving  his 
farm,  where  he  now  resides,  in  1 867,  which 
consists  of  160  acres  of  well-imjn-oved  land, 
valued  at  840  per  acre.  On  Jan.  19, 
1869,  he  married  Miss  Hannah  J.  Shively, 
of  Franklin  Co.,  Penn.;  she  was  born 
July  4,  1844;  they  are  the  parents 
of  two  children — William  S.,  born  Jan. 
14,1870;  Benjamin  F.,  born  Aug.  30, 
1873.  He  has  held  the  office  of  School 
Director  and  is  at  present  School  Trustee. 
J.  K.  LEHMAN,  farmer,  Sec.  24;  P. 
0.  Sullivan  Center  ;  owns  160  acres  of 
well-improved  land,  having  a  good  residence 
and  good  barn  buildings ;  is  a  native  of 
Pennsylvania  ;  Wius  born  in  Franklin  Co. 
March  25,  1831  ;  he  removed  to  Franklin 


788 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


Co.,  Ohio,  where  he  married  Miss  Susan 
Allsbaugh  Aug.  28, 186-4,  and  in  the  Spring 
of  1865,  they  came  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
Warren  Co.,  and  resided  there  until  1867, 
when  he  settled  where  he  now  resides. 
He  has  served  as  School  Director  a  num- 
ber of  years,  is  a  good  financier,  practical 
farmer  and  much  respected  by  all  who 
know  him.  He  has  a  family  of  two  chil- 
dren—Samuel W.  and  John  L.,  both  born 
in  Illinois. 

J.  H.  LEHMAN,  farmer.  Sec.  13;  P. 
0.  Sullivan  Center  ;  he  owns  160  acres  of 
well-improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre ; 
is  a  native  of  Ohio  ;  was  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co.  March  18,  1845  ;  he  removed 
with  his  parents  to  Mahoning  Co.,  where 
they  now  reside ;  at  the  age  of  23,  he 
came  West,  bought,  located  and  began  im- 
proving where  he  now  resides.  On  May 
7,  1872,  he  married  Miss  Mary  Lehman  ; 
she  was  born  in  Mahoning  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  6,  1850  ;  they  have  a  family  of  four 
children — Alph-ms,  born  Feb.  2,  1873 ; 
Joseph,  born  July  1,  1874;  John,  born 
Oct.'20,  1875;  Edwin,  born  Oct.  10, 
1877. 

D.  e.  LONGMYER,  farmer,  Sec.  34 ; 
P.  O.  Chatsworth  ;  osvns  160  acres;    is  a 
pioneer  of  this  town,  and  a  native  of  Indi- 
ana ;    was   born   in   Fountain   Co.,  March 
27,  1826  ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in  1846,  lo- 
cating  in  Will    Co.,  thence    to    Iroquois 
Co..  then  into  Grundy,  and  settling  in  Liv 
ingston  Co.,  where  he  now  resides,  in  1859 ; 
he  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  the  town. 
Has   served  as   Road   Commissioner    and 
assisted  in  the  laying  of  roads  and  estab- 
lishing schools  ;  has  taken   an  active  part 
in  all  public  matters  pertaining  to  the  in- 
terests of  his  town,  and  is  a  much  respected 
citizen.     In  July,  1854,  he  married   Miss 
Mariah  Royal;    she  is  a  native  of  Ohio; 
they  are  the  parents  of  seven  children — 
Loren  F.,  born  in  Grundy  Co.,  deceased  ; 
Viola  L.,  born   in   Grundy  Co. ;    William 
J  ,  born  in  Grundy  Co.,  deceased;  Oscar 
L.,  born  in  Grundy  Co. ;  Emma  C,  born 
in   Livingston  Co.,  111.;    George  R.,  born 
in  Livingston   Co.;    Ella  C,  born  in  Liv- 
ingston Co. 

A.  M.  MORRILL,  merchant,  P.  0. 
Sullivan  Center ;  was  born  June  4,  1850, 
at  the  Morrill  homestead,  near  Athens, 
Somerset  Co.,  Maine;  was  educated  at  Eaton 
School,    Norridgewoek,    Me.,    laying    the 


foundation  for  his  present  business ;  came  lo 
Illinois  with  his  brother,  H.  \V.  Morrill,  lo- 
cating where  he  now  resides,  and  engaging 
in  his  present  business  ;  by  unswerving  in- 
tegrity he  has  won  the  confidence  of  hi-; 
townsmen,  and  has  established  a  solid  and 
excellent  bu.siness  reputation.     He  married, 
at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Jan.  25,   1877,  Mrs. 
Lorena    B.  Edgar,'  a    daughter    of  J.  W. 
Brown  ;  she  was  born  at  Gallipolis,  Ohio, 
Jan.  19,  1851  ;  her  father  being  an  artist, 
traveled  with  his  fiimily  during  her  child- 
hood, through  the  wild  and  varied  scenes 
of  Virginia;    she  recived  her  education 
in  the  Cincinnati  public  schools,  graduating 
with    honor    at     the    Cincinnati    Normal 
School;    was   teaching   in   the    Cincinnati 
public   schools  at  the  time  of  her  marriage 
with  Mr.   Morrill ;    thoy  have  one  son — 
Clarence   B.  Morrill,  born   Dec.  9,  1871  ; 
a  child  of  Mrs.  Morrill's  former  marriage, 
adopted  by  A.  M.  Morrill  July  15,  1878. 
S.  McGOODEN,  farmer.  See.  3,  T.  37, 
R.    8,    E. ;  P.    O.    Chatsworth ;   he  owns 
eighty  acres  of  well-improved  land;    is  a 
native  of  New  York  ;  was  born  in  Oneida 
Co.,  Aug.  1,  1838 ;  he  came  to  Illinois  in 
1855,  settling  in  Lisbon,  Kendall  Co.,  and 
there  followed   contracting  and  building ; 
he  enlisted  in  the  129th  111.  V.  I.,  Sept. 
10,  1862  ;  was  in  the  battles  of  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  Atlanta,  Chattanooga,  and  a  number 
of  severe  skirmishes,  and  escaped  with  but 
a  slight  wound  ;  was  mustered  out  June, 
1865;  then  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and 
engaged  at  his  trade   till  1869,  when  he 
located  where  he  now  resides.     On  March 
23,    1868,    he    married    Miss    Agnes   J. 
Bartholick,   of  Dwight ;    she  was  born   in 
Rhode  Island  Sept.  27,  1845  ;  they  have 
four  children — Cora,  born  Sept.  23,  1870  ; 
Lillie,  born  March  25,  1872;  Nellie,  born 
Sept.  6,  1874  ;  Mariah,  born  Dec.  11, 1876. 
F.  W.  NURSE,  fiirmer.  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0. 
Sullivan  Center;  owns  160  acres  of  well- 
improved  land,  valued  at  $40  per  acre;  he 
is  a  native  ot   New  l^'ork  ;  was   born  in 
Cattaraugus  Co.,  June   17,  1834  ;  he  re- 
moved  while  young  with   his  parents  to 
Crawford   Co.,  Penn.,  where  he   was  en- 
gaged in  agricultural  pursuits  until  1877, 
,  when  he    emigrated    to    Illinois,    locatinir 
where  he  now  resides.     On  Feb.  9,  1854, 
he  married   Miss   Sarah    Crocker,   of  his 
native  county  ;  she  was  born  May  4, 1833  ; 
they  are  the  parents   of  two   children — 


SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 


789 


Lyman  H.,  born  Oct.  20,  1854,  passed 
away  April  2,  1862  ;  Sylas  B.,  born  Aug. 
7,  1859. 

C.  S.  SHANTZ,  farmer,  Sec.  28  ;  ?.  0. 
(Jhatswortli ;  was  born  in   Waterloo  Co., 
Ontario,  Aug.  21,  1839;  he  came  to  Illi- 
noi.-^,    locating   in    Grundy   Co.  in    1858, 
wlifjre  be  remained  f<iur  years ;  then  came 
to  Livingston  Co.     On  Nov.  22,  1868,  he 
married    Miss  Elizabeth  Harslibarger,   of 
this  county  ;  she  was  born  in  Rockingham 
Co.,    Virginia,    March    5,    1839;  shortly 
aficr  they  were  married  they  removed  to 
Champaign,  and  there  engaged  in  agricult- 
ural pursuits,  in  which  occupation  he  has 
since  continued;  in  1874,  he  returned  and 
took  charge  of  theliome  farm,  and  in  1876, 
he  bought  his  present  home,  which  consists 
of  eighty    acres   of    well-impi"oved    land, 
valued   at    S40    per    acre ;    they    are    the 
parents  of  .six  children — Charles  A.,  born 
Feb.  2,  1869;  Minnie  A.,  born  Sept.  7, 
1871  ;  Jessie  H.,  born   Aug.   17,   1872, 
died   Aug.   24,    1873 ;   Harvey   A.,   born 
June    11,    1874,    died    April    19,   1875; 
James  M.,  born  Feb.  19,  1875  ;  Fannie  E., 
born  July  19,  1877. 

RICHARD  8HAPLAND,  farmer. 
Sec.  33  ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth ;  he  owns  200 
acres  of  well-improved  land  ;  is  a  native  of 
England;  was  born  in  Devonshire,  Nov., 
1824 ;  he  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1851,  locating  in  Genesee  Co.,  N.  Y., 
where  he  remained  until  1858  ;  then  came 
to  Illinois,  locating  iu  La  Salle ;  thence  to 
Livingston,  in  1866,  and  bought  and 
began  improving  his  farm  where  he  now 
resides.  He  married  Miss  Rosa  Law,  of 
his  native  county  Dec.  24,  1855 ;  she 
was  born  April  29,  1833 ;  they  are  the 
parents  of  four  children — George  L.,  born 
Oct.  18,  1857;  Frederick  W.,  born  April 
15,  1860 ;  Mary  E.,  born  May  29,  1865  ; 
Laura  B.,  born  Nov.  26,  1870. 

F.  SKINNER,  farmer.  Sec.  10;  P.  0. 
Sullivan  Center;  owns  120  acres  of  well- 
improved  land,  valued  at  §40  per  acre ; 
is  a  native  of  England ;  was  born  in  Kent 
Co.,  June  29,  1835  ;  he  came  to  the 
United  States  in  1851 ,  stopping  in  New 
York  State  and  engaged  in  farming  some 
two  years ;  he  came  and  settled  and  began 
improving  his  farm  where  he  now  resides 
in  1862  ;  during  the  early  settlement  of 
the  town  he  served  as  Road  Commissioner, 
and  assisted  in  laying  off  the  roads  of  this 


town ;  he   is  a  prominent  and   much  re- 
spected   citizen.     In    August,    1860,    he 
married     Mi.ss    Levina    Middleton ;    they 
have   .six    children — Mary  A.,  John   W., 
]SLirtha  A.,  Charles.   Ellen,  and  Lottie  C 
J.  J.  SHEARER,  farmer,  Sec.  24;   P. 
0.  Chatsworth  ;  owns  310  acres  of  well-im- 
proved land  ;  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania  ; 
was  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Ma^  11,  1828, 
where  he   was  raised   on  a  farm,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  common  school  education. 
On    ^larch    18,   1850,    he    married   Miss 
Cath^^rine     L'hman;     then     ronoved     to 
Franklin  Co  ,  Ohio,  and  began  farming,  in 
which  occupation  he  has  continued  ;  in  the 
Spring   of  1868,    he    came    and    located 
where  he  now  resides ;  he  has   served  as 
Town   Clerk  and  Supervisor  a  number  of 
,  years,  at   present  Supervisor  and   School 
Treasurer;  has  been  a  public  benefactor  of 
this  town;  has  a  family  of  six — Samuel 
W.,  Joseph  P.,  John  L.,  Mary  E.,  Urias, 
and  Emma  F. 

ZOPHER    TUTTLE,  farmer;  P.   0. 
Sullivan   Center;  born   Dec.   27,  1817,  in 
;   Camden,   Oneida    Co.,    N.    Y.       Married 
Miss  Eliza  Shepard,  April  26,  1848,  who 
I  was  born  July  13,   1825,  in  the  town  of 
'  Verona,  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y.     He   received 
a  common   school    education.     Moved   to 
I  the  town  of  Brookfield,  La  Salle  Co.,  111., 
!  in  the  Fall  of.  1850;  engaged   in  farming 
j  and  cattle  raising  ;  tlie  prairie  lands  having 
!  been  .settled,   he   bought  lands  in  Livings- 
'  ton    Co.,    in    1866,    sixteen    and   one-half 
miles  from  Pontiac,  nine  and  one-half  from 
I   Chatsworth,  and   shortly  after  sold    three 
I  sections  of  land  in  La  Salle  and   Grundy 
Counties,  and    moved  here    in    February, 
1870  ;  in   1873,  quit  cattle  business  and 
rented  his  lands  ;  he  now  has  5,000  acres 
in  cultivation,  all  rented,  mostly  in   corn  ; 
the  above  land  is  all  paid  for ;  besides  the 
above  land  he  has  sol  i  a  half-section  within 
a  year,  and  a  .section   within  three  years, 
and  a  section  and  a  half  sold    previously ; 
the  above  lands  sold  from  830  to  $42.50 
per  acre,  on   ten  years'   time,    $500  jiaid 
,  down  on  each  quarter-section,  the  balance 
on  ten  per  cent,   interest,   interest  to   be 
paid  annually,  principal  at  the  end  of  the 
ten  years  ;  there  being  no  sale  ibr  land   at 
present,    he   expects    to  hold  it  until   the 
price  comes  up  again  ;  he  has  also  1,300 
aci-cs  near   Burlington,  the  county  sent  of 
Coffey  Co.,  Kan.sas.     On   January  3d,  he 


790 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


established  the  Dwight  Bank,  at  Dwight, 
which  has  been  under  the  control  of  his 
son  since  that  time ;  they  have  now  con- 
cluded to  change  it  into  a  loan  and  brokers' 
business.  He  holds  no  office,  is  not  a 
politician,  and  seldom  votes ;  voted  twice 


for  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.  Five 
children,  all  living — Bettie  Eliza,  born 
Nov.  20,  1851;  Salmon,  Dec.  8,  1853; 
Frances  Ella,  Jan.  17,  1856  ;  Lizzie 
Hanna,   March  31,1864;  James  Luther, 


Feb.  23,  1870. 


BELLE     PRAIRIE    TOWNSHIP. 


DAVID  S.  CRUM.  firmer.  Sec.  17  ;  I 
P.  0.  Potosi ;  born  in  Huntingdon  Co.,  j 
Penn.,  Dec.  8,  1826  ;  removed  to  Ohio 
with  his  father's  family,  who  settled  in 
Franklin  Co.,  that  State,  in  1840;  in 
April,  1854,  he  removed  to  Illinois,  locat- 
ing in  Belle  Prairie  Tp.,  this  county  ;  owns 
370  acres  of  land,  valued  atSll.OUO.  Has 
held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the  Peace 
twelve  years.  Supervisor  five  terms,  School 
Trea.surer  for  several  years,  and  is  the 
present  incumbent.  Married,  in  1851,  to 
Miss  Mary  A.  Walton,  who  was  born  in 
Lancaster  Co.,  Penn.  ;  five  children — 
Dwight  M.,  Edwin  W.,  I  ena  E.,  Mira  A. 
and  Jennie  F. 

DAVID  COEN,  farmer,  Sec.  17  ;  P. 
0.  Potosi ;  born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn., 
Aug.  2,  1819  ;  removed  to  West  Virginia, 
in  1848,  and  eleven  years  later,  to  Illinois, 
locating  in  Snatchwino  Tp.,  Putnam  Co.; 
came  to  his  present  home  in  1864  ;  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  85,000.  Has 
served  two  terms  as  School  Director  in 
Belle  Prairie  Tp.  Married,  in  1840,  to 
Sarah  Barnes,who  was  born  in  Pennsylvania; 
eight  children,  five  living — Henry,  Han- 
nah (wife  of  I.  Swick).  Zery,  Martha  and 
Mary;  lost  three — William,  died  in  1843  ; 
Mordica.  died  in'  1870  ;  Ann  E.,  died  in 
1875. 

V.  M.  DARN  ALL.  retired  firmer;  P. 
0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Virginia,  3Iarch  8, 
1798;  removed  to  Kentucky,  in  childhood, 
with  his  parents,  who  settled  in  Madison 
Co.,  that  State,  near  Booncsboro ;  his 
parents  died  when  he  was  about  15 
years  old,  thus  leaving  him  to  assume  the 
resjionsibilities  of  life  at  an  early  age ;  in 
Oct.,  1830,  he  with  his  wife  and  four  chil- 
dren came  to  Illinois,  and  took  up  their 
home  in  Belle  Prairie  Tp..  this  county; 
of  his  early  experience  and  trials,  as  the 
pioneer  of  Livingston   Co.,   the   history   of 


Belle  Prairie  Tp.  and  the  general  history 
of  the  county  will  be  found  very  interest- 
ing, giving  a  more  thorough  account  of 
pioneer  life  than  can  be  given  in  this  brief 
sketch.  In  1817,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Rachel  Steers,  who  was  born  in  Ohio ;  her 
death  occurred  in  1872  ;  by  this  uuiop 
there  were  six  children,  four  of  whom  are 
living — Jonathan  S.,  Elvira  M.  (wife  of 
Benjamin  Hieronymus).  Mar>'(wife  of  Will- 
iamson Spence),  and  Minerva  A.  (wife  of 
T.  A.  Jones).  Mr.  Darnall  is  now  past 
80,  but  very  active  for  one  of  that  time  in 
life,  and  relates  the  incidents  <  f  pioneer 
life  with  no  less  interest  to  himself  than 
that  afforded  to  his  listeners. 

ELHANAN  FITZGERALD,  firmer, 
Sec.  7  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Boone 
Co.,  Ky.,  Jan.  24,  1838  ;  removed  to  Illi- 
nois in  the  Fall  of  1S55,  locating  in  Belle 
Prairie  Tp.,  this  county.  Married,  in  1867, 
to  Mrs.  Cortney  A.  R.  Darnall  (Spence), 
who  was  born  in  this  township,  Sept.  3, 
1839 ;  four  children  by  this  union — 
Charley  L.,  Frank  L.,Mary  L.  and  Walter 
L.;  she  has  two  children— Almira  E.  and 
William  H.  Darnall.  Mr.  Fitzgerald  en- 
listed in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.,  in  1862. 

BENJAMIN  HIERONYMUS,  farmer 
and  stock  raiser,  Sec.  5  ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ; 
born  in  Fayette  Co..  Ky.,  Jan.  13,  1818, 
but  removed  to  Illinois,  in  childhood,  with 
his  parents,  who  settled  in  Tazewell  Co.  in 
1828  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  located  in 
Belle  Prairie  Tp.,  this  county,  in  the  Fall 
of  1839.  and  soon  after  engaged  in  teaming 
to  Chicago,  which  he  followed  for  nearly 
twenty-five  years  ;  many  interesting  inci- 
dents in  connection  with  his  trips  and  those 
of  other  early  settlers  to  the  then  small 
town  of  Chicago  will  be  found  in  the  his- 
tory of  this  township ;  as  an  evidence  of 
his  good  luck,  and  no  doubt  careful  man- 
agement  in    these   journeys,    he  was   not 


BELLE  PRAIRIE  TOWNSHIP. 


791 


annoyed  by  either  the  sickness  of  horses  or 
broken  wagons ;   it  is  also  said  he  had  re- 
markable   success    in    disposing-  of  a  few  ' 
bushels  of  crab  apples,  the  fine  flavor  being 
the  index  to  the  quality  of  the  fruit ;  and  i 
for  once,  at  least,  the  so-called  Iloosier  tri-  ' 
umphed    over   the    shrewd    Yankee.     In  ; 
1839,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Alvira  Dar-  | 
nail,    who   was   born   in    Boone  Co.,  Ky.,  j 
Feb.    1,    1822;    eight    children    by  this 
union,  four  of  whom  are  living — \\'illiam  j 
H.,   Jasper   N.,   Elizabeth  (wife  of  C.  H.  \ 
Westervelt)  and    Emma    (wife    of   A.  S.  \ 
Veatehj;  Valentine  M.  died  Aug.  29,  1877. 
Mr.  H.'s  farm  now  consists  of  about  800 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $24,000. 

FREDERICK  S.  HALL,  farmer.  Sec. 
16 ;  P.  0.  Potosi ;  burn  in  Jefferson  Co., 
N.  Y.,  ^ov.  2G,  1822,  where  he  resided 
until  the  Fall  of  1 866,  when  he  removed 
to  Illinois,  stopping  in  De  Kalb  Co.,  near 
Shabbona's  Grove,  for  a  short  time,  then 
removing  to  McLean  Co.  ;  in  the  Fall  of 
1867,  he  came  to  Belle  Prairie  Tp.,  this 
county ;  owns  160  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
§5,200.  Married  to  Miss  Caroline  Spencer 
in  1850,  who  was  born  in  Jeff'erson,  Co., 
N.  Y.,  May  14,  1833;  eight  children  by 
this  union,  five  living — Giles  R.,  born  June 
6,  1853;  Sarah  E.,  Oct.  3,  1855  ;  Annie 
L.,  June  9,  1860  ;  Naama  R.,  Aug.  15, 
1867;  Francis  A.,  July  11,  1870;  lost 
three — James  T.,  born  Aug.  9, 1851,  died 
Nov.  16,  1877  ;  Charles  W.,  born  Nov.  3, 
1857,  died  Nov.  4,  1875  ;  Carrie  M.,  born 
Oct.  7,  1862,  died  Oct.  28, 1863. 

JOHN  MORRIS,  Sr.,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in 
Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  June  22,  1838  ;  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  the  Spring  of  1856, 
locating  in  Belle  Prairie  Tp.,  this  county  ; 
owns  200  acres  of  land,  valued  at  88,000. 
Married,  in  1860,  to  Miss  Susan  Mahoney, 
who  was  born  in  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
6,  1840 ;  six  children  by  this  union — 
Mary  E.,  Ella  B.,  John,  Jr.,  Kizzie  N., 
Katie  D.  and  Addie  M.  Mr.  Morris  is 
giving  considerable  attention  to  stock  rais- 
ing, making  fine  hogs  and  cattle  a  specialty. 
IRA  C.  PRATT,  farmer.  Sec.  13;  P. 
O.  Strawn  ;  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Vt., 
Jan.  12,  1832,  where  he  resided  until 
1855,  when  he  removed  to  Illinois,  locat- 
ing in  Morton  Tp.,  Tazewell  Co.,  in  the 
Spring  of  that  year  ;  came  to  his  present 
home  in  the  Spring  of  1867  ;   owns  200 


acres  of  land,  valued  at  $8,000  ;  has  served 
as  Assessor  three  years.  Justice  of  the 
Peace  one  term,  Commissioner  of  High- 
ways two  years,  and  has  also  held  other 
minor  ofiBces.  Married,  in  1854,  to  Miss 
Ellen  Hatheway,  who  was  born  in  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Vt.,  May  2(i,  1834  ;  three  children 
by  this  union — Ida  A.,  George  W.,  and 
Charles  H.  Mr.  Pratt  is  by  trade  a  black- 
smith, having  f  illowed  that  occupation  for 
several  years  prior  to  his  locating  in  this 
town.ship. 

LORENZO  F.  PRATT,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  0.  Potosi ;  born  in  Franklin  Co.,  Vt., 
Dec.  19,  1840  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in  the 
Fall  of  1865,  locating  in  Morton  Tp., 
Tazewell  Co.,  and  two  years  later  removed 
to  Deer  Creek  Tp.,  that  county  ;  came  to 
his  present  home  in  1875  ;  owns  120  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $4,800.  Has  served  one 
term  as  School  Director,  and  is  the  present 
incumbent.  Married,  in  1869,  to  Miss 
Caroline  Lambkin,  who  was  born  in  Can- 
ada East,  Sept.  24,  1838;  three  children 
by  this  union — Clarissa  A.,  Flora  B.  and 
Charles  F. 

ORIN   PHELPS,  farmer;   P.  0 


bury ;    born   in   Boston,   Mass.,  in 


but    remov(?d 
his   parents  to 
where    the 
sided  until 


in    early    childhood 
Worcester  Co.  that 

subject    of    this    sketch 

1827,  then 


removing 


Fair- 

1811, 

wtih 

State. 

re- 

the 


to 


State  of  Delaware,  and  during  the  period 
from  the  above  date  until  1840,  he  spent 
most  of  the  time  traveling  in  the  South 
and  West ;  in  the  Spring  of  the  latter 
year  he  removed  to  Illinois,  locating  in 
Forrest  Township,  this  county,  removing 
to  Belle  Prairie,  his  present  home,  iu  1847  ; 
owns  320  acres  of  land,  valued  at  §11,200  ; 
has  served  as  Town  Treasurer  several 
years.  Married,  in  1841,  to  i\Iiss  Eliza- 
beth H.  Jones,  who  was  born  in  Borden- 
town,  N.  J.,  in  1820 ;  seven  children  by 
this  union,  three  living — Byron,  Margaret 
(wife  of  R.  C.  Huntoon  ),  and  Albert ;  lost 
four — Charles,  died  in  1865  ;  Leander,  in 
1851  ;  Edward,  in  1858,  and  Harriet,  in 
1875. 

AARON  PUTNAM,  Sr.,  farmer.  Sec. 
15  ;  P.  0.  Potosi;  born  near  Plattsburg,  N. 
Y.,  March  26,  1820  ;  removed  to  Illinois  in 
the  Fall  of  1854,  locating  in  Kendall,  Ken- 
dall Co.,  and  three  years  later  removed  to 
this  county  ;  came  to  Belle  Prairie  Township 
in  1863;  owns  272  acres  of  land,  valued 


792 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  ; 


at  $10,000.  Married,  in  18-i2,  to  Sarah 
Tinney,  who  was  born  in  Luzerne,  N.  Y., 
in  1823;  twelve  children  by  this  union, 
eight  Uving — Almira  B.  (wife  of  M.  Pope- 
joy),  born' Sept.  25,  1843;  Aaron,  Jr., 
Aug.  23,  1848;  Josephine  (wife  of  E. 
Clawson),  March  7,  1856  ;  Eliza  (wife  of 
Joseph  Hardway),  Oct..  1851  ;  John,  Feb. 
24,1858;  Asa,  Dec.  1,  1860;  Louisa, 
Sept.  26,  1863;  Tsabelle,  Aug.  15,  1868; 
lost  four — Henry,  born  1845,  died  in  the 
army,  date  of  death  not  known ;  George, 
born  in  1847,  died  in  the  army  in  1865 ; 
Mary,  born  in  1856,  died  in  1861  ;  Laura, 
born  in  1866,  died  in  1871. 

JOHN  G.  STEERS,  farmer,  Sec.  5  ; 
P.  0.  Fairbury ;  born  in  Boone  Co.,  Ky., 
Oct.  26,  1834 ;  removed  to  Illinois  in 
early  childhood  with  his  parents,  who  set- 
tled in  Belle  Prairie  Township  in  the  Fall 
of  1836 ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  now 
resides  on  the  original  homestead ;  owns 
267  acres  of  land,  valued  at  S8,000.  Has 
served  as  Commissioner  of  Highways  two 
terms.  School  Director  in  District  No.  3, 
six  years.  Married  in  1855,  to  Miss  Mary 
A.  Travis,  who  was  born  in  Belle  Prairie 
Township,  this  county,  Oct.  1,  1838;  nine 
children  by  this  union,  eight  of  whom  are 
living — Laura  E.,  Elizabeth  S.,  Frances 
M.,  Linza  B.,  Minnie  E.,  Nancy  T.,  Will- 
iam H.,  and  Ida  M.  ;  John  M.  died  June 
26,  1872. 

MARTIN  J.  STEERS,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ; 
Lawndale    Towcship,    McLean    Co.;    P. 

0.  Fairbury;  born  in  Belle  Prairie 
Township,  this  county,  Dec.  11^1839,  his 
father,  Hugh  Steers,  being  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  Livingston  Co.,  111.  Mar- 
ried in  1863,  to  Miss  Harriet  S.  Beutley, 
who  was  born  in  Geauga  Co  ,  Ohio,  Jan. 
22,  1844 ;  there  are  four  children  by  this 
union^Fannie  E.,  Winnie  E.,  Leroy  N., 
Arthur  L.     Mr.  S.  enHsted  in  Co.  K,  3d 

1.  V.  C,  August,  1861  ;  discharged  in  De- 
cember, 1862. 

RICHARD  SMITH,  farmer,  carpenter 
and  builder,  Sec.  3 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury ; 
born  in  Fayette  Co.,  Penn.,  Dec.  25,  1827  ; 
removed  to  Harrison  Co.,  Ohio,  with  his 
father's  family,  in  1842,  where  he  resided 
until  the  Spring  of  1854,  then  removed  to 
Illinois,  locating  in  Belle  Prairie  Town- 
ship, this  county  ;  owns  120  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $5,000.  Has  served  two  terans 
as  Towcship  Collector.     Married,  in  1856, 


to  Miss  Amanda  L.  Spence,  who  was  born 
in  Indian  Grove  Township,  this  county,  in 
1837;  seven  children  by  this  union — 
Louisa  J.,  Margaret  M.,  Francis  D., 
Phrona,  Richard  L.,  Mary  E.  and  Zelpha 
H. 

JOHN  D.  TRAVIS,  farmer.  Sec.  5 ; 
P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in  Belle  Prairie 
Town>hip,  this  county,  May. 2,  1843;  his 
father,  Martin  M.  Travis,  being  one  of  the 
early  settlers  of  the  county;  owns  forty 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  $1 ,600  ;  has  served 
one  term  as  School  Director.  Married  in 
1864,  to  Alice  Sharpless,  who  was  born  in 
Ohio;  she  died  in  1866;  one  child  by 
this  union — Minnie;  she  died  in  1867  ; 
was  again  married  in  1870,  to  Morning  J. 
Houston,  who  was  born  in  Monroe  Co., 
lud.,  June  12,  1848  ;  four  children  by 
this  union — Ethel  A.,  Mintie  E.,  Ra}mond 
H.  and  Dennis  D.  Mr.  Travis  was  one  of 
a  committee  chosen  to  settle  the  troubles 
growing  out  of  what  was  known  as  the 
Potosi  war,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
history. 

MARTIN  xM.  TRAVIS,  farmer,  Sec. 
5 ;  P.  0.  Fairl»ury ;  born  in  Overton, 
Tenn.,  July  4,  1811  ;  removed  to  Illinois 
with  his  father's  family  in  Oct.,  1834, 
locating  in  what  is  now  Belle  Prairie  Town- 
ship, this  county;  owns  195  acres  of  laud, 
valued  at  $8,000.  Married,  in  1837, to  Miss 
Eliza  Thompson,  who  was  born  in  Boone 
Co.,  Ky.,  March  31,  1814;  twelve  chil- 
dren by  this  union,  five  living — Mary  A. 
(wife  of  John  G.  Steers),  Rachel  (wife 
of  L.  Crumbo),  John  D.,  Adaiine 
(wife  of  J.  Moore),  Frances  (wife  of  E. 
Mitchell);  lost  seven — Daucy,  died  Jan. 
23,  1840  ;  Nancy,  March  6,  1840  ;  Almira, 
March  19,  1853  ;  Elender,  Dec.  27, 1856  ; 
Syrena,  Nov.  7,  1860;  Ehzabeth  A.,  Dec. 
17,  1860,  and  Minerva,  Feb.  3,  1877. 

GEORGE  M.  THOMAS,  farmer,  Sec. 
14,  P.  0.  Potosi ;  born  in  Windham  Co., 
Vt,  July  27,1826;  removed  to  Illinoisin 
October,  1852,  locating  in  Will  County;  in 
the  Spring  of  1860,  he  removed  to  Belle 
Prairie  Township,  his  present  home  ;  owns 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  at  $5,600;  has 
served  as  School  Trustee  nine  years,  and  is 
now  Justice  of  the  Peace.  Married  Jan.  24, 
1861,  to  Miss  Huldy  R.  Bedell,  who  was 
born  in  Clinton  Co.,  Aug.  19,  1832. 

HENRY  R.  WORRICK,  farmer.  Sec. 

■     Co., 


7;T.  0.    Potosi;    b 


orn   in 


Licking 


ROOK'S  CREEK  TOWNSHIP. 


793 


Ohio,  Dec.  16,  1837  ;  removed  to  Illinois 
in  the  Fall  of  1854,  locating  in  Woodfonl 
Co.,  and  two  years  later  to  Belle  Prairie 
Township,  this  county.  Married,  in  18152, 
to  Phebe  Cunningham,  who  was  born  in 
Cheney's  Grove,  McLean  Co.,  111.;  one 
child  by  this  union — Lewis  D.;  was  again 
married  in  18(!8,  to  Mariah  Lyon,  who 
was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.  ;  four 
children  by  this  union — ^Annie,  Byron, 
Benjamin  and  Ella. 

GEORGE  WORRICK,  farmer,  Sec.  9  ; 
P.  O.  Potosi  ;  born  in  Maryland,  Jan.  2G, 
1810  ;  removed  to  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  in 
childhood,  with  his  parents,  in  1819,  where 
he  resided  until  23  years  of  age ;  then  re- 
moved to  Licking  Co.,  Ohio  ;  came  to  Illi- 
nois in  October,  1854,  locating  in  Wash- 
burn, Woodford  Co.  ;  removed  to  his  jires- 
ent  homein  March,  1857  ;  owns 287  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  $12,000.  Married  in 
1832,  to  Miss  Eliza  Cumpston,  who  was 
born  in  Greene  Co.,  Penn.,  July  31,  1815  ; 
eight  children  by  this  union,  seven  of  whom 
are  living — Henry,  Luther,  Charles,  Jacob, 
Mary  (wife  of  William  Johnson),  Mariah 
(wife  of  Alex.  McKnab),  Harriet  (wife  of 
John  Skeinj;  lost  one,  John,  died  Aug.  7, 
1871. 


CHARLES      H.      WESTERVELT, 

farmer.  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0.  Fairbury  ;  born  in 
Franklin  Co.,  Ohio.,  April  11,  1843;  re- 
moved to  Illinois  in  the  Fall  of  1860,  lo- 
cating in  Indian  Grove  T]).,  this  county  ; 
owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$2,800.  Married,  in  1875,  to  Miss  PJliza- 
beth  Hioronymus,  who  was  born  in  Belle 
Prairie  Tp.,  this  county  ;  one  child  by  this 
uniim — Elles  B. 

I  WILLIAM  YOUNGE,  farmer  and 
dealer  in  choice  stock.  Sec.  2  ;  P.  O.  Fair- 
bury ;  born  in  Metamora  Tp.,  Woodford 
Co.,  Ill,  Aug.  11,  1836,  his  father,  Benj. 
Yoiinge,  being  one   of  the  early    settlers 

'  of  that  county ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
came  to  this  county  in  the  Spring  of  1866, 
locating  in  Belle  Prairie  Tp. ;  owns  200 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  .$12,000  ;  has  served 
as  Commissoner  of  Highways  one  term. 
Married,  in  1805,  to  Miss  Nancy  Hatten, 
who  was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  April 
22,  1844  ;  four  children  by  this  union — 
William  H.,  Mary  E.  and  Ida  M. ;  Sarah 
A.  died  March  22,  1869.  Mr.  Younge 
is  giving  considerable  attention  to  the 
breeding  of  fine  Devon  cattle  and  Poland- 
China  swine. 


ROOK'S    CREEK    TOWNSHIP. 


JONATHAN  ASKEW,  farmer. 
Sec.  14  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac.  Baptist ;  Inde- 
pendent. Owns  120  acres,  valued  at  $30 
per  acre  ;  born  in  Northamptonshire,  Eng- 
land, Aug.  23,  1835 ;  resided  in  England 
until  he  was  about  23.  At  the  age  of  21, 
married  Maria  Perks,  of  Warwickshire,  En- 
gland ;  she  was  born  March  24,  1832,  and 
died  Nov.  20,  1873,  leaving  four  children, 
all  of  whom  are  now  living.  Married  Caro- 
line Ipsen  Jan.  li),  1875;  she  was  born 
May  1,  1851,  in  Denmark  ;  have  one  child 
—Mary  Maria,  born  Feb.  4,  1876.  Held 
office  of  Supervisor  from  Rook's  Creek  Tp. 
two  terms  ;  also  office  of  Commissioner  of 
Highways,  which  office  he  now  holds.  The 
names  and  births  of  Mr.  A.'s  children  by 
his  first  wife  are  as  follows,  viz:  Ernest 
Alfrod,  born  in  England,  May  12,  1857; 
John,  born  in  Illinois,  Jan.  31,1865; 
Thomas,  born  July  10,  1867;  Anne,  born 
Feb.  14,  1871. 


SAMUEL  ALGEO,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Pontiac.  Presbyterian.  Owns  ninety-one 
acres,  valued  at  $40  ;  born  in  County  Done- 
gal, Ireland.  Married  Fanny  3Iargaret 
Algeo  June  7,1865;  emigrated  to  this 
country  in  1866,  landing  in  New  York 
City  in  August  of  that  year;  remained 
there  three  weeks,  then  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  settled  where  he  now  resides ; 
have  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are 
now  living — Alexander,  born  in  Ireland, 
March  24,  1866;  Martha,  born  in  this 
county,  Sept.  25,  1867,  died  Aug.  27, 
1868;  Robert,  born  Dec.  3, 1868;  Cathe- 
rine, born  Nov.  4,  1870 ;  John,  born  Feb. 
27,  1871  ;  an  infant,  without  name,  born 
March  5,  1872,  died  next  day;  Fanny 
May,  born  Nov.  1,  1875. 

DANIEL  BLAKE,  farmer,  Sec.  1  ;  P. 
0.  Pontiac  ;  owns  1 88  acri!S,  valued  at  $45 
per.acre  ;  born  in  Monroe  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec. 
16,  1838;  resided  there  until  14  years  of 


'94 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


age  ;  came,  with  his  parents,  to  La  Salle 
Oo.  about  the  year  1852  ;  remained  there 
one  year  ;  then  came  to  this  county.  Mar- 
ried Desaline  Earp  May  28,  1862;  she 
was  born  in  this  county  Aug.  18,  18-1:1  ; 
have  had  ten  children,  six  of  whom  are 
now  living — Charles  William,  born  Jan. 
18,  18(33;  John  Ellsworth,  born  Sept.  23, 
1864;  Manda  May,  born  Feb.  28,  1867, 
died  when  10  months  old;  Henry,  born 
Sept.  14,  1868,  died  when  3  weeks  old; 
Frances  Gertrude,  bora  Oct.  25,  1869  ; 
Theron,  born  March  31,  1871  ;  Sarah  El- 
len, born  March  18,  1873  ;  Ezekias  and 
Josias  (twins),  born  Nov.  28,  1875,  died 
in  infancy  ;  Ida  Pearl,  born  Jan.   6,  1877. 

GEORGE  E.  BENNITT,  former  ,  P. 
O.  Pontiac  ;  owns  108  acres  ;  born  Nov.  9, 
1848;  his  father,  Thomas  S.  Bennitt,  was 
one  of  the  early  settlers ;  he  was  born  in 
New  York  State,  Jan.  31,  1822;  he  came 
to  Illinois  in  1850;  resided  in  Kane  and 
Kendall  counties  about  seventeen  years, 
then  removed  to  this  county,  settling  in 
Rook's  Creek  Township,  where  he  died 
March  12,  1872.  He  was  married  Aug.  4, 
1842,  to  Mary  Brown  ;  she  was  born  in 
New  York,  Marcli  7,  1821  ;  is  living,  and 
resides  with  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 
Mr.  B.  is  one  of  nine  children,  only  three 
of  whom  are  now  living — Cora  Bell,  born 
March  29,  1858  ;  Willy  H.,  born  May  13, 
1862 ;  those  deceased  are  Grant  Bennitt, 
died  Oct.  28,  1864  ;  Clary  E.,  died  Jan.  8, 
1868  ;  Emily  Gertrude,  died  Dec.  8,  1870  ; 
Anna,  died  Feb.  29,  1872;  Cynthia  M. 
(married  to  C.  Atwood),  died  May  26, 
1872;  Green  Bennitt,  died  April  19, 
1867. 

SAMUEL  EARP,  farmer  and  stock 
raiser,  Sec.  4 ;  P.  0.  Pontiac.  Noo-secta- 
rian  ;  Independent.  Owns  380  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $40  per  acre ;  born  in  Colum- 
biana Co.,  Ohio,  May  31,  1829;  came  to 
this  county  in  1856  ;  settled  on  the  place 
where  he  now  resides  in  1861.  Married 
Caroline  Earp  May  13,  1858  ;  she  was  born 
in  Ohio  Feb.  18,  1834 ;  have  no  children. 
Held  office  of  Road  Commissioner  two 
terms  ;  al.so  two  terms  Supervisor.  Mr.  E. 
had  a  brother,  Charles  W.  Earp,  who 
served  during  the  late  war  in  the  57th  I.  V. 
I. ;  he  died  the  15th  day  of  December,  1868, 
from  disease  contracted  in  the  army. 

JESSE  GREEN,  farmer;  P.  0.  Pon- 
tiac.   Methodist ;  Independent.    Owns  196 


acres,  valued  at  $40  ;  born  in  Northamp- 
tonshire, P^nglnnd,  Nov.  25,  1829;  resided 
there  until  1852 ;  then  emigrated  to  this 
country,  settling  in  Bloomington  ;  land  at 
that  time  could  be  bought  near  the  latter 
place  for  $1.25  per  acre.  Married  in  En- 
gland to  Esther  Haddon,  April  13,  1852; 
it  was  the  next  month  (May)  that  he  emi- 
grated to  this  country ;  had  two  children 
by  that  union,  both  now  living — George 
E.,  the  eldest,  resides  athome,  unmamed  ; 
the  second  child,  Martha  Jeanette,  is 
married  to  Jacob  Gilman  and  resides  in 
Nebraska  Township;  his  finst  wife  died 
in  the  Fall  of  1857  ;  in  the  Spring  of  1858, 
went  across  the  plains  to  California  in 
company  with  Wm.  Earp,  Henry  Jones, 
James  Morrow,  Isaac  Earl,  Robert  Earl 
and  others  from  Pontiac ;  remained  in 
California  three  years,  then  returned  to 
this  country.  Married  Sarah  Jane  Tanner 
(widow  of  Boyd  P.  Tanner,  formerly  of  the 
129th  I.  V.  I.,  and  who  died  when  in  the 
service ;  she  had  two  children,  a  boy  and 
girl — Samuel  B.  and  Ann  Maria j  Jan. 
26,  1864  ;  have  three  children,  all  living — 
3Iarietta,  John  T.,  William  Jesse. 

GEORGE  B.  GRAY,  farmer  and 
.stock  dealer ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  owns  640 
acres,  valued  at  $40  per  acre.  Non-secta- 
rian ;  Republican.  Born  Oct.  3,  1834, 
in  Livingston  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  he  removed 
with  his  parents,  when  3  years  old,  to  Or- 
leans Co.  ;  resided  there  twenty  years. 
Married  Mattie  A.  Boynton  Nov.  19, 
1857;  she  was  born  June  15,  1835,  in 
Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  have  only  one  child 
—Nellie  A.,  born  Sept.  16,  1863.  Mr. 
G.  removed  to  this  State  in  1858,  and 
settled  where  he  now  resides ;  his  I'arm  at  _^^ 
that  time  was  in  a  state  of  nature,  all  im-  ^^H 
provements  having  been  put  on  by  him-  ^^ 
self;  at  the  present  time  about  300  acres 
are  under  the  plow  ;  the  balance  is  in  past- 
ure and  meadow.  Has  held  various  town 
offices  ;  is  at  present  a  member  of  the  Leg- 
islature of  this  State ;  was  elected  to  the 
Thirtieth  General  Assembly  in  Nov.  1876, 
receiving  6,884  votes,  a  majority  of  1,500 
over  his  opponent.  Mr.  G.  received  his 
education  in  the  common  schools,  which 
he  attended  during  the  Winter  months 
while  living  on  a  farm. 

JOHN  JOHNSON,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Pontiac  ;  owns  220  acres,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre  ;  born    in  Ontario  Co.,    N.    Y.,         ! 


ROOK'S   CRKEK   TOWNSHIP. 


795 


Feb.  14,  1804  ;  he  removed  with  his  par- 
ents, when  (|uite  an  infant,  to  Erie  Co.,  N. 
Y.  :   iiinained  there  until  he  was  IG  years 
of  age,  then  removed,  with  his  parents,  to 
thi.«  State  ;  settled  on  the  place  where  he 
n<iw  resides  in  1833,  where  he  has  resided 
ever  since;    the  fiist  twenty  years  of  his 
residence  he  was  engaged  in  wagon  making 
in  Connection  with  farming.      He  was  mar- 
ried in  Sangamon  Co.,  this  State,   March 
17,  1825,  to  Nancy  Bloyd ;  she  was  born 
in  Maryland,  Oct.  25, 1805  ;   when  she  was 
1   year  old,  she  removed  to  "  Ky."  with 
her  parents  ;  remained  there  until  she  was 
15  years  old,  when  she  came  with  her  par- 
ents to  Sangamon  Co.,  this  State;    have 
had    ten    children   born    to    them,  six  of 
whom  are  living — the  oldest,  William,  was 
born    Jan.    2,    182G;    he    served    nearly 
four  and  one-half  years  in  the  29th  I.  \ . 
I.,  during  the  late  war  ;  John,  born  Sept. 
1,  1827,  died  Jan.  30,  1853;  Lydia,  born 
Oct.  G,  1829  ;  she  married  William  Cherry, 
who  went  to  California  in  1859,  in  com- 
pany with  the  subject  of  this  sketch  ;  Eliz- 
abeth, born   Dec.   19,   1831  ;  she  married 
Benj.  Blue  ;  he  died  in  1872  ;  Henry,  born 
Jan,  5,  1834;  he  served  over  four    years 
in  the    3d   111.  Cav.,  during  the  late  war  ; 
Eleanor,  born  Sept  9,  183G,  died  when  14 
months  old;  Oliver,  born  Aug.  30,  1838  ; 
he  served  about  two  years  in  the  17th  111. 
Cav..  during  the  late  war;  Amanda  Mel- 
vina,  born  April  5,  1841;  died  April  21, 
1873;  Stephen,  born  Sept.  14,  1843;  he 
served    eighteen    months  during;  the  late 
war  in  the  129th   I.  V.  I. ;  Lucinda,  born 
March   4,    1846;   died   Aug.    2G,    1838. 
Mr.  J.  served   one   term   Justice   of  the 
Peace;  was  the  first  Collector  in  the  town  ; 
held  office  of  School  Director.     Mr.  J.  is 
the  oldest  settler. 

STEPHEN  A.  JOHNSON,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Pontiac;  born  Sept.  14,1843;  lived 
at  home  with  his  parents  until  he  was  1 9  years 
of  age ;  then  went  in  the  army.  After  the 
war,  married  India  Sellman,  June  17, 1866 ; 
.«hewas  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  July  18, 
1847  ;  have  four  children — Edwin,  born 
Feb.  9,  18(;8  ;  John  Henry,  born  Oct.  10, 
1869;  Stephen  A.,  born  Nov.  15,  1871  ; 
Sherman,  born  Nov.  2,  1875.  Mr.  J. 
was  in  the  129th  I.  V.  I.  nine  months  ; 
discharged  on  account  of  disa])ility  ;  in 
18G4,  joined  the  44th  I.  \'.  I. ;  served 
about  ten   months ;    was   in    the  tight  at 


Spring  Hill,  and  the  battles  of  Franklin 
and  Nashville  ;  (the  two  oldest  were  l>orn 
in  Iowa,  the  third  in  Kansas,  the  fourth 
here).  Mr.  J.  removed  to  Iowa  the  next 
Spring  after  his  marriage  ;  in  Iowa  about 
three  and  one-half  years,  farming ;  then  to 
Kansas,  where  he  remained  four  years, 
during  which  time  he  was  engaged  in 
liridge  building  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad  ;  returned  to  this  county  in  July, 
1874,  since  which  time  he  has  been  work- 
ing his  father's  fiirm.  3Irs.  Johnson's 
father  (John  Sellman)  was  in  the  war  of 
1812  ;  he  died  in  Hook's  Creek  Township, 
Oct.  22,  1874,  aged  80  years,  8  months 
and  20  days. 

MATTHIAS  NEIFING,  fixrmcr,S.  14; 
P.  0.  Pontiac.  Catholic ;  Democrat.  Owns 
215  acres,  valued  at  §40  ;  born  in  Ger- 
many Jan.  4,  1816  ;  came  to  this  country 
1846;  settled  in  Chicago  that  year;  re- 
mained seven  years  :  then  went  to  Peoria; 
was  there  seven  years  ;  then  to  DeWitt  Co. 
seven  years  ;  then  came  here  and  settled 
where  he  now  resides.  Married  in  Ger- 
many, Aug.  20, 1843,  to  Anna  Stannbaugh ; 
she  was  born  in  Germany  Feb.  19,  1821 ; 
have  had  thirteen  children,  eleven  living — 
Anna,  Emma,  Juhn,  Mary.  Frank,  Nick, 
Kate,  Ellen,  Matthias,  William  and  Eliza- 
beth ;  those  that  died  were  named  Joe  I.  and 
Mary  Ann.  Mr.  N.  has  held  office  of 
School  Director. 

THOMAS  KYERSON,  iarmer  ;  P.  0. 
Cornell  ;  was  born  in  Stavanger,  Norway, 
in  1834  ;  in  1855,  came  to  America,  locat- 
ing in  La  Salle  Co.,  nearOt'.er  Creek,  liv- 
ing there  about  twelve  years.  During  this 
time  he  was  in  the  army,  enlisting  in  1 862, 
in  Co.  F,  104th  111.  Vols.;  he  was  wounded 
in  the  hip  at  the  battle  of  Hartswell,  and 
soon  after  was  mustered  out  on  account  of 
wounds.  In  1866,  came  to  Amity  Tp., 
but  moved  in  1875,  on  to  land  owned  by 
him  in  Rook's  Creek  ;  he  owns  224  acres 
of  land,  valued  at  S35  per  acre.  He  mar- 
ried Elizabeth  Larson  in  La  Salle  Co.  in 
1862;  she  was  born  in  Stavanger,  Norway, 
in  1843 ;  they  have  had  eight  children, 
six  living — R.  Lewis,  Annie  (deceased), 
Caroline  A.  (deceased),  Anna  Bell,  Theo- 
dore, Oliver  M.  S.,  R.  Adolph  and  Leon- 
ard M 

C.  E.  SHELTON,  farmer  and  stock 
buyer;  P.  0.  Pontiac.  Non-sectarian  ; 
Democrat.      Owns   240  acres,  valued  at 

12 


796 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


$30  per  acre  ;  born  near  Hartford,  Conn., 
May  3, 1833  ;  removed  with  his  parents  to 
New  York  State  when  2  years  old ;  at 
the  ag;e  of  12  years  went  with  his 
parents  to  Ohio.  Married  in  that  State 
to  Roxana  Bills ;  she  was  born   in  Ohio; 


came  to  this  State  in  1863,  and  settled 
where  he  now  resides  ;  been  engaged  in 
the  business  of  farming  and  stock  buying 
ever  since  ;  they  have  four  children — Lo- 
renzo, Smith,  Fred,  and  Frank.  Held 
office  of  Supervisor  one  term. 


EPPARD'S    POINT    TOWNSHIP. 


OSHOM  ASHLEY,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Republican.  Has  1  GO  acres  of  land 
on  Sec.  7,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ;  he  was 
born  in  Barnard,  Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  Jan. 
24,  1844,  and  came  to  this  county  in  1868. 
He  has  no  family.  He  has  a  very  fine 
farm,  very  well  improved,  which  he  rents, 
and  spends  his  time  in  other  business  ;  he 
has  been  Justice'  of  the  Peace  for  several 
years,  and  to  a  large  degree  has  the  confi- 
dence of  his  neighbors  and  the  vicinity 
generally. 

ANDREW  COTREL,  farmer;  P.  0. 
McDowell.  Democrat.  Has  221  acres  of 
land  on  Sec.  1  ;  he  was  born  in  Montgom- 
ery Co.,  Ohio,  May  24,  1830 ;  cam'e  to 
Michigan  in  1833;  to  Joliet,  111.,  in  1836; 
to  Wilmington  in  1839,  and  to  this  county 
in  1848.  He  married  Adaline  Ulery,  in 
1860  ;  she  died  in  1873 ;  they  had  ibur 
children — Ephraim  C.,  Sarah,  William  A. 
and  Edgar  I.  His  present  wife  was  Mary 
Brooks  ;  they  were  married  in  Aug.,  1874, 
and  have  one  child — Lura;  she  also  had 
one  when  they  were  married — Thomas 
Brooks.  Mr.  C.  is  an  excellent  farmer  ; 
has  one  of  the  very  best  farms,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  independent  men  in  town. 

JOHN  E.  GREEN,  farmer;?.  0.  Mc- 
Dowell. National  ;  M.  E.  Church.  Has 
180  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  12,  valued  at 
$50  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Northampton- 
shire, England,  Oct.  9,  1833,  and  came  to 
this  country  in  1857,  stopping  in  McLean 
Co.  two  years.  He  married  Eliza  Warren, 
in  England,  Feb.  16,  1855;  she  was  born 
Feb.  11,  1833;  they  have  six  children — 
Adaline  M..  Nancy  C,  Elizabeth  H.,  Jes- 
se J.,  Charles  W.,  Cyrus  R.  Mr.  G.  is 
one  of  the  early  settlers  on  this  prairie ; 
has  made  an  excellent  farm  ;  has  a  very  fine 
residence  and  splendid  improvements,  and 
is  a  very  skillful  farmer.  He  is  a  very 
successful  man,  very  enterprising  in  every 


thing  that  improves  mankind,  and  is  de-" 
serving  of  what  hard  work  and  good  man- 
agement bring  him. 

JOHN  D.  JUMP,  former;  P.  0. 
Weston,  McLean  Co.  ;  Republican  ;  Meth- 
odist. Has  eighty  acres  of  land  on  Sec. 
33,  valued  at  $50  per  acre ;  he  was  born 
in  Greene  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July  23,  1835,  and 
came  to  Marshall  Co.  in  1858,  and  to  this 
county  in  Fall  of  1867.  He  married  El- 
vira Leigh,  Jan.  10,  1861  :  she  was  born 
in  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  Aug.  8,  1840  ;  they 
have  five  children — Marietta,  Frederick 
M.,  Flora  B.,  Myra  E.  and  Clinton  Leigh. 
Mr.  J.  is  one  of  the  young,  intelligent,  en- 
terprising men  of  the  town,  very  active  in 
his  business,  a  good  farmer  and  esteemed 
neighbor,  and  a  worthy,  consistent  Method- 
ist ;  he  has  a  good  fiirm  well-improved. 

JAMES  KIRKPATRICK,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Pontiac.  Republican  ;  Independent.  Has 
160  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  23,  valued  at 
845  per  acre ;  he  was  born  in  Brown  Co., 
Ohio,  May  20,  1829,  and  came  to  this 
county  in  1862,  and  to  this  farm  in  1875. 
He  married  Mary  A.  L.  Collins,  of  Brown 
Co.,  Ohio,  March  23,  1852  ;  she  was  born 
in  Brown  Cu.,  Oct.  8, 1836  ;  they  have  one 
son  living — James  Kirkiume,  born  July  9, 
1 868  ;  they  lost  their  daughter,  Allice  Bell, 
in  1869;  they  have  raised  the  orphan 
dauiihter  of  Ira'  and  Pamelia  Loveless — 
Carrie  M.,  born  Oct.  8,  1859.  Mr.  K.  is 
a  very  prosperous  farmer;  has  a  fine  fium, 
and  is  engaged  largely  in  the  stock  and  hog 
business.  He  is  one  of  the  leading  enter- 
prising men  of  the  county. 

JOHN  W.  LAYCOCK,  former;  P.  0. 
Pontiac  ;  Republican  ;  Methodist.  Has  a 
farm  near  Pontiac,  and  a  residence  in  town, 
and  lives  on  Sec.  — ,  in  this  township ;  he 
was  born  in  Brown  Co.,  Ohio,  May  27, 
1827,  and  came  to  this  county  in  July, 
1867,   and   bought   his   farm     and  lived 


EPPARD'S  POINT  TOWNSHIP. 


797 


on  it  until  1877,  when  he  sold  a  part  of  it 
and  moved  to  this  place.  He  married 
Helena  Ann  Kay,  Jan.  13,  1853  ;  yhe  was 
born  in  Brown  Co.,  Nov.  14, 1834  ;  they  have 
four  children — John  K.,  Levi  M..  Joana 
M.  and  Jarusha  V.  ;  John  K.  is  a  fine 
scholar  and  an  experienced  teacher,  also  , 
has  a  fine  talent  for  portrait  painting  ;  Levi  ; 
M.  is  also  qualifying  for  teaching.  ]Mr.  L. 
is  a  very  deserving,  intelligent  citizen  ;  has 
a  very  intelliuent  family. 

JUDGE  ELT  MYER  (deceased),  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  county.  He 
was  a  Republican  and  Baptist.  Was 
born  in  Alleghany  Co.,  Md.,  Oct.  18, 
179G,  and  came  to  Licking  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  1832,  and  to  this  place  October  25, 
1850.  He  married  JMary  McDaniel, 
in  Maryland ;  she  died  in  1829,  leaving 
four  children — Margaret,  Samuel,  John 
and  Martin  H.  ;  Samuel  and  John  died 
young ;  Margaret  and  Martin  H.  both 
married  and  lived  several  years  near  Ocoya, 
and  died  leaving  families  ;  his  second  wife 
was  Catharine  llmphenour,  and  was  j 
married  in  1831,  in  Maryland;  they  had 
eight  children — Emily,  William  A.,  Joseph 
E  ,  Matilda,  Benjamin  F.,  Samuel  (x., 
Charles  F.  and  Nelson  J.  ;  Emily  was 
born  in  Maryland,  and  Nelson  in  this  county. 
Mr.  xM.  died  Dec.  3U,  1808,  aged  72  ;  3Irs. 
M.  died  June  2,  1875,  aged  60  years,  j 
Judge  M.  left  a  farm  of  477  acres,  a  part 
of  which  was  the  first  quarter  section  of 
prairie  entered  at  the  Grove  in  the  town- 
ship ;  be  was  among  the  first  settlers  in 
this  town,  and  very  souu  he  became  well 
known  throughout  the  county ;  he  was 
elected  Treasurer  of  the  township  when  he 
first  came  into  it,  and  held  the  ofiice  as 
long  as  he  lived  ;  he  held  also  the  office  of 
Supervisor  for  several  terms,  and  was  also 
Associate  Judge  for  several  years  ;  he  was 
a  man  of  strict  integrity,  and  was  uni- 
versally esteemed. 

\VM.  A.  MYER,  farmer ;  P.O.Weston; 
Republican.  Has  332  acres  of  land  on 
Sees.  27  and  22,  valued  at  840  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  in  Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  Dec. 
31,  1833,  and  came  to  this  county  with 
his  father,  Judge  P^li  Myor,  in  1850.  He 
married  Eliza  St.  John,  April  21,  1859; 
she  was  born  in  Indiana,  June  25, 
1838,  and  died  Nov.  15, 1872,  leaving  four 
children— Rosa  0.,  Margaret  C,  Seth  E. 
and  Samuel    G.  ;  three    died    in   infancy. 


Mr.  M.  is  still  a  widower  ;  Mr.  M.  is  a  very 
successful  farmer ;  has  an  excellent  farm, 
and  is  a  reliable,  irenial  and  kind  man  and 
citizen. 

■  SAMUEL  G.  MYER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Republican.  Has  120  acres  of 
land  on  Sec.  2!),  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  in  Licking  Cq.,  Ohio,  July 
20,  1844,  and  came  to  this  place  in  Octo- 
ber, 1850,  with  his  father,  Judge  Eli 
Myer.  He  married  Ada  C.  St.  John, 
daughter  of  Samuel  St.  John,  Feb.  11, 
1809  ;  they  have  three  children — Joseph 
G.,  Cora  R.  and  Scott.  Mr.  M.  came  here 
when  a  boy,  and  early  learned  the  impor- 
tance of  work  in  transforming  the  prairie 
into  cultivated  farms ;  he  has  succeeded 
well,  and  has  a  fine  farm  and  home,  with 
excellent  improvements. 

CHAS.  F.  MYER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Republican.  Has  100  acres  of 
land  on  Sec.  29,  the  old  homestead  of 
Judge  Myer  ;  he  was  born  in  Licking  Co., 
Ohio,  Feb.  7,  1847,  and  came  with  his 
father  to  this  county  in  1850.  He  married 
Lizzie  C.  Wagoner,  daughter  of  Wm.  A. 
Wagoner,  Esq.,  Nov.  15,  1877  ;  she  was 
born  in  Wayne  Co.,  Ind.,  Nov.  17,  1854. 
Mr.  Myer  owns  the  old  homestead  which 
Judge  Mj'er  first  settled  ;  it  is  the  first 
prairie  farm  located  in  the  town,  and  is  a 
very  fine  farm.  Mr.  M.  is  a  good  farmer, 
an  intelligent,  enterprising  young  man, 
and  is  worthy  and  deserving  of  his 
home  and  the  position  in  society  he  occu- 
pies. 

BENJAMIN  F.  MYER,  farmer,  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Republican.  Has  183  acres  of 
land  on  Sec.  20,  valued  at  $50  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  in  Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  Oct. 
18,1841,  and  came  here  with  his  father. 
Judge  Eli  Myer,  in  1850.  He  married 
Sophronia  E.  Macy,  of  this  township, 
July  28,  1872  ;  she  was  born  in  Rush 
Co.,  Ind.,  Dec.  11,  1852  ;  they  have  two 
children,  living — Edgar  Lee  and  Charles 
R.;  Freddie  F.  died  when  two  months 
old.  Mr.  M.  is  one  of  the  enterprising 
young  men  of  the  town,  has  a  beautiful 
farm  and  plea.santly  situated ;  he  was 
brought  up  to  habits  of  industry ;  has 
grown  up  h<'re  from  a  boy,  and  knows  well 
the  disadvantages  of  settling  a  new 
country;  he  is  Highway  Commissioner  for 
the  town,  and  is  well  qualified  for  the  po- 
sition. 


798 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES : 


JOSEPH  E.  MYER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Oco_ya.  Republican.  Has  240  acres  of 
land  on  Sec.  22,  valued  at  $40  per  acre; 
lie  wa.s  born  in  Licking  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept. 
28,  1836,  and  came  to  this  county  with  his 
father.  Judge  Eli  Myer,  in  1850.  He 
married  Ruth  Ann  St.  John,  of  this  town- 
ship, Aug.  19,  1869;  she  died  Nov.  17, 
1870.  Mr.  M.  has  a  very  fine  farm  under 
good  cultivation ;  he  rents  out  his  form 
and  attends  to  other  business.  He  was  in  [ 
the  129th  Regt.  111.  Vols. ;  was  wounded 
in  front  of  Atlanta,  and  now  receives  a 
pen.sion  ;  he  is  one  of  the  reliable  men  of 
the  town,  and  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  i 
that  himself  as  well  as  all  the  Judge's  sons 
are  striving  to  follow  his  father's  example 
for  honesty  and  a  good  name. 

NELSON  J.  MYER,  farmer ;  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Republican  ;  M.  E.  Church.  Has 
90  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  21,  valued  at 
$50  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  this  town- 
ship July  30,  1851.  He  married  Helen 
E.  McEl'hiney  Dec.  17,  1871;  she  was  born 
in  LaFayette  Co., Wis.,  Feb.  21, 1856;  they 
have  one  child — Wm.  J.,  born  Nov.  1, 
1872.  Mr.  M.  is  the  youngest  son  of 
Judge  Myer  ;  has  a  good  ftirm,  well  situa- 
ted. He  is  a  very  active  man  in  church 
and  school  matters,  and  is  universally  re- 
spected. 

REUBEN  MACY,  farmer  and  grain 
dealer  ;  P.  O.  Ocoya.  Republican ;  Baptist. 
Was  born  in  Randolph  Co.,  N.  C,  July 
22,  1812,  and  came  with  his  father  ( Wm. 
Macy,  who  was  a  descendant  of  the  first 
white  inhabitant  on  the  island  of  Nan- 
tucket) to  Union  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1818,  and 
remained  thei-e  until  he  came  to  Woodford 
Co.,  in  1853,  and  to  this  place  in  May, 
1856.  He  married  Maria  Gardner,  of 
Union  Co.,  Ind.,  April  29,  1835  ;  she  was 
born  in  Guilford  Co.,  N.  C,  April  13,  ' 
1815  ;  they  have  four  children  living — 
Lucetta,  Mary  Allena,  Sophronia  E.  and 
Charles  E. ;  they  lost  two  at  14,  and  three 
died  in  infancy.  Mr.  M.  bought  this  vil- 
lage plat,  started  a  store,  built  an  elevator, 
engaged  in  the  grain  business,  was  Station 
Agent  and  Postmaster,  and  was  Supervisor 
for  many  years.  In  1875,  he  traded  off' 
his  town  property  for  230  acres  of  land 
north  of  the  railroad.  He  was  engaged  in  ' 
teaching  for  many  years,  and  even  now,  in 
his  old  age,  his  zeal  in  the  cause  of  educa- 
tion has  never    abated.     He  is  a  devoted  i 


member  of  the  Baptist  Church,  a  very 
zealous  temperance  man,  and  was  one  of 
the  earliest  anti-slavery  workers  ;  he  has 
earned  a  name  for  honesty  and  integ- 
rity among  his  neighbors  worth  living 
for. 

JOHN  T.  McCLINTOCK,  farmer ;  P. 
0.  Chenoa.  Democrat  and  Presbyterian. 
Has  a  farm  of  eighty-eight  acres  of  fine 
land  ;  was  born  in  Nicholas  Co.,  Ky.,  Sept. 
19,  1819,  and  came  to  Ohio  in  1824,  and 
to  Johnson,  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1846,  and  to 
Tazewell  Co.  in  1854,  and  in  1868,  he 
came  to  this  place.  He  married  Jane  H. 
Sharpe,  for  his  first  wife,  who  died  seven 
months  afterward.  His  second  wife  was 
Angeline  G.  F]ccles,  daughter  of  Col.  Sam- 
uel Eccles,  of  Kentucky,  whom  he  married 
Dec.  26,  1850  ;  they  had  two  children— S. 
Jennie,  and  Mary  Gertrude  ;  Jennie  died 
when  9  years  old,  and  Mary  at  16  months. 
Mr.  McC.  has  been  very  much  out  of 
health  for  many  years,  so  he  rents  his  farm 
and  spends  his  time  in  reading,  attending 
his  garden  and  improving  his  grounds  by 
setting  out  trees  ;  his  front  yard  and  gar- 
den has  some  forty  different  kinds  of  trees, 
rendering  it  one  of  the  very  beautiful 
homes  in  the  country  ;  Mr.  McC.  is  not 
rich,  yet  has  enough,  with  his  contentment 
of  mind,  for  all  he  needs  ;  he  is  universally 
respected,  and  his  wife,  being  a  very  ex- 
cellent Christian  woman,  beloved  by  all ; 
they  seem  to  comprehend  the  real  mission  of 
life  ''enjoyment,"  and  have  it.  He  has 
been  a  very  faithl'ul  School  Treasurer  for 
some  nine  years. 

J.  H.  NICHOLS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
McDowell.  Republican ;  Independent. 
Has  160  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  13,  valued 
at  $40  per  acre  ;  was  born  in  Columbia 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  31,  1836,  and  came  to 
La  Salle  Co.,  in  1845,  and  to  t4iis  place  in 
1875.  He  married  Emeline  Howland  in 
La  Salle  Co..  in  1865  ;  she  was  born  in 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1841,  and 
came  to  this  State  in  1844  ;  they  have 
three  children  —  Lydia,  Polly  and  Letty. 
Mr.  N.  is  emphatically  a  self-made  man ; 
he  commenced  while  a  boy  without  money 
or  an  education ;  has  worked  at  various 
things  to  get  a  start ;  has  obtained  a  good 
education,  taught  school,  bought  and  im- 
proved a  fine  farm,  and  is.  one  of  the  real 
substantial  men  of  the  county,  and  has  the 
confidence  of  all  who  know  him. 


I 


EFPARD'S  rOINT  TOWNSHIP. 


799 


y.  L.  PAYNE,  farmer;  P.  0.  Chenoa. 
Democrat.  Has  GTS  acres  of  land,  valued 
at  85i>  per  acre;  he  was  born  in  Orange  Co., 
N.  Y.,  Jan.  29,  1811,  and  moved  to  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  in  1818,  and  to  Ohio  Co., 
Ind.,  in  1818,  and  to  Vermilion  Co.,  111., 
in  1830,  and  to  this  place  in  1852.  He 
married  Charity  Reynolds  in  Fall  of  1832  ; 
she  died  in  the  Winter  of  185(1,  and  left 
five  children  —  Thomas  J.,  John  Davis, 
Martin  0.,  Welthy  A.  and  Harriet  E.  ; 
Martin  0.  contracted  a  disease  while  in  the 
army,  of  which  he  died  some  time  after  iiis 
return  home.  Ke  married  for  his  second 
wife,  Margaret  A.  Craycraft,  in  the  Fall 
of  1850  ;  they  had  six  children — Alber- 
tine,  Florence  H.,  Margaret  E.,  Matilda 
A.,  Lucy  E.  and  Fanny.  He  married  for 
his  third  wife  Mrs.  Eliza  Burkey,  in  1871. 
Mr.  Payne  is  one  of  the  representative 
men  of  the  town  and  county  ;  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  ;  has  lieen  one  of  the  very  suc- 
cessful furmers;  has  one  of  the  very  best 
farms  about  the  point,  and  a  very  beautiful 
residence  and  situation  ;  he  is  a  very  intel- 
ligent and  enterprising  man,  and  has  made 
his  large  property  by  his  own  industry  and 
good  management. 

JOHN  ST.  JOHN  (deceased),  farmer; 
P.O. Chenoa.  Republican;  Methodist.  Had 
•400  acres  of  land  on  Sec:  30,  valued  at  $50 
per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Clarke  Co.,  Ohio, 
in  March  21),  1819,  and  came  to  this  county 
and  farmed  November,  1847.  He  married 
Emily  Carswell,  in  Warren  Co.,  Ind.,  June 
17,  1841  ;  she  was  born  in  Butler  Co., 
Ohio,  Jan.  17,  1819;  they  have  seven 
daughters  living — Sarah  J.,  Mattie  A., 
Rhoda  E.,  Emma  M.,  Tillie,  Laura  E.  and 
Ida  ;  their  son  Joseph  died  March  22, 
1859.  Mr.  St.  John  died  Aug.  27, 1874, 
aged  55  ^-ears.  jMr.  St.  John  came  here 
in  limited  circumstances  ;  bought  his  farm, 
and  very  few  men  improved  their  time  to 
abetter  advantage;  he  made  his  m  n-'y 
(and  we  may  say  his  friends)  by  attending 
to  his  own  business,  being  a  kind  neigh- 
bor and  an  obliging  friend  ;  he  left  his 
large  property  to  his  widow  ;  she  is  to 
divide  it  with  her  children  at  her  discretion. 

•J.  S.  THOMAS,  farmer;  P.  0.  Mc- 
Do\vell.  Republican  ;  Christian  (New 
Light ).  Has  forty  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  1, 
valued  at  §40  per  acre.;  he  was  born  in 
Madison  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  14,  1831,  and 
came  to  White  Co.,  Ind.   in   1851,  and  to 


this  place  in  1865.  He  married  ^lartha 
xM.  Howder,  of  Pontiac,  July,  1805  ;  she 
was  born  in  Ohio,Sept.  27,  1833;  they 
have  five  children — J.  Almeda,  Ulyssus 
Smalley,  Mary,  Cicero  L.  and  Jenn  r  M. 
Mr.  T.  is  the  son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Thomas, 
and  Is  a  very  excellent  man,  a  fine  fanner, 
and  has  a  tiood  home. 

REV.  JOSEPH  THOMAS  was  bnrn 
in  Grayson  Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  4,  1815;  he 
moved  into  Ohio  and  remained  there  for 
many  years,  and  in  1864  came  to  this  Suite  ; 
he  organized  the  Christian  (New  Light) 
Church  in  Pontiac,  and  preached  in  it  for 
several  years.  He  was  a  man  of  good 
natural  talent;  he  died  in  Oct.,  1873,  sud- 
denly, mourned  by  all. 

W.  H.  WAOENER,  fanner;  P.  0. 
McDowell.  Independent;  Disciples.  Has 
110  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  1,  valued  at  875 
per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Morgan  Co.,  Va., 
Nov.  19,  1819.  and  came  to  Montgomery 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1831,  and  to  this  place  in 
1857.  He  married  Mary  Ann  Neal.  in 
Miami  Co.,  Ohio,  March  25,  1849  ;  she 
was  born  June  26,  1829,  and  died  Feb. 
24,  1871 ;  he  has  seven  children  living  (lost 
three) — Mornilva  C,  Eldred  A.,  Mary  F., 
Emma  Z.,  Addie,  Cyntha  U.  and  Jessie 
B.  He  married  for  his  second  wife,  Mary 
H.  Moore  Harding,  Dec.  26,  1874  ;  she  was 
born  in  Erie  Co.,  Penn.,  June  17,  1828. 
Mrs.  W.  has  two  daughters — May  and 
Josephine,  both  married ;  May  has  a 
daughter  who  lives  with  her  grandmother, 
Mrs.  W.;  Rachel,  born  in  Owego,  N.  Y., 
Jan.  15,  1871.  Mr.  W.  has  one  of  the 
pleasantest  homes  and  best  farms  of  the 
county  ;  he  has  always  been  one  of  the 
leading  men  of  the  county  and  town  :  has 
always  been  foremost  in  all  laudable  enter- 
prises ;  was  Justice  of  the  Peace  for  sev- 
eral terms  ;  was  one  of  the  first  to  organize 
a  county  fair.  He  left  Virginia  because  he 
was  naturally  opposed  to  slavery,  and  since 
he  came  to  this  county  he  was  one  of  three 
who  voted  the  first  Abolition  ticket ;  he 
has  ahvays  voted  for  principles  and  men, 
rather  than  party.  He  is  universally  re- 
spected. 

HILTON  WOODBURY,  Over-setr  of 
the  Poor  Farm.  P.  0.  Pontiac.  Repub- 
lican  and  Baptist.  Was  born  in  Barn- 
ard, Windsor  Co.,  Vt.,  December  3, 
1843,  and  came  to  Tazewell  Co.  in 
1855,  and   to  this  county  in   1856.     He 


800 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES 


married  Jennie  Clark,  of  Bloomington, 
Nov.  20,  1866  ;  she  was  born  in  Frank- 
fort, Ky.,  Oct.  5,  18-44 ;  they  have  five 
children — Linden,  Fred.  Colfax,  Charles 
H.,  Bes.sie,  Willard  C.  Mr.  W.  was  a 
successful  young  former  of  Pike  until  j 
March,  1875,  when  he  was  appointed 
overseer  of  the  County  Farm,  a  position  I 
which  very  few  are  qualified  or  adapted  to 
fill  ;  the  people  of  this  county  can  congratu- 
late themselves  upon  having  a  man  so  well 
calculated  to  care  for  the  unf  irtunate  and  i 


in.sane  under  his  charge  ;  his  discipline  is 
good,  kindness  and  firmness  being  used  for 
the  government  of , the  inmates  ;  he  seems 
to  be  the  right  man  in  the  right  place  ; 
such  a  man  in  so  important  a  place  is  rare 
to  obtain ;  those  who  have  friends  con- 
fined in  the  new  asylum  should  especially 
feel  glad  that  their  friends  have  so  good  a 
home  and  such  kind  care  ;  the  poor  farm, 
the  house  and  tlie  new  and  elegant  asylum, 
do  great  credit  to  the  people  and  authori- 
ties of  Livingston  Co. 


CHARLOTTE    TOWNSHIP. 


JOHN  E.  ALLEN,  farmer;  P.  0.  Chats- 
worth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  born 
in  Pennsylvania,  March  16,  1839,  and  is 
the  son  of  Joseph  and  Eliza  Allen  ;  his 
father  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  having 
died  when  Mr.  Allen  was  very  young ;  at 
his  father's  death,  he  went  to  live  with  his 
grandfather,  Joseph  Allen,  and  remained 
with  him  until  he  was  about  14  years  of 
age ;  he  then  set  out  in  the  world  to  labor 
f'r  himself;  he  worked  in  dift'erent  sec- 
tions engaged  in  farming ;  in  1867,  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  settled  on  the 
place  he  now  lives  on.  Married,  in  1867, 
to  Miss  Tempa  Zrelda  Harper,  of  Illinois, 
by  whom  they  have  two  children.  Repub- 
lican in  politics ;  member  of  the  M.  E. 
Church.  Owns  160  acres  of  fine,  improved 
land. 

JOHN  G.  BRUNS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatswijrth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
among  the  first  settlers  of  Charlotte  Tp.; 
was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany,  in  1833  ; 
his  father,  Geo.  Bruns.  of  Germany,  was 
engaged  in  school  teaching  ;  Mr.  Bruns 
was  brought  up  on  a  farm  ;  in  1857,  he 
emigrated  to  America  and  landed  in  New 
York  City ;  came  West  to  Peoria  ;  en- 
gaged in  laboring  ;  then  to  Woodford  Co.; 
here  he  was  engaged  in  farming,  and  hav- 
ing saved  sufficient  money,  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  and  in  1860,  purchased 
the  place  he  now  lives  on ;  has  worked 
very  hard,  and  to-day  owns  one  of  the  finest 
improved  farms  of  Charlotte  Tp.,  of  160 
acres.  Married,  in  1860,  to  Miss  Ester 
Monk,  of  Germany  ;  six  children. 


JONATHAN  EDWARDS,  farmer; 
P.  O.  Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  Warren 
Co.,  Ohio,  Nov.  1,  1816,  and  is  the  son  of 
Nathaniel  and  Mary  (  Hadloy)  ICd wards, 
of  North  Carolina,  who  came  to  Ohio  at 
an  early  day ;  his  fiither  was  engaged  in 
farming  here ;  Mr.  E.  was  raised  on  his 
father's  farm,  and  remained  at  home  until 
he  was  25  years  of  age  ;  he  then  set  out  in 
farming  for  himself;  he  was  engaged  in 
farming  in  Clinton  Co.,  Ohio ;  here  he  re- 
mained until  1852  ;  he  then  came  to  Illi- 
nois and  settled  in  Bureau  Co.;  here  until 
1867,  then  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  set- 
tled on  the  farm  that  he  now  lives  on  ;  has 
made  all  the  improvements  on  the  farm. 
Mr.  Edwards  has  been  married  three  times;] 
first  wife  in  1841,  to  Miss  Mary  Dakin,  by' 
whom  thpy  had  four  children  ;  one  de- 
ceased— Calvin  D.,  who  enlisted  in  the  late 
war,  in  the  51st  I.  V.  I.,  for  three  years; 
was  taken  prisoner  Sept.  19,  1863,  at  the 
battle  of  Chickamauga,  by  the  rebels  and 
taken  to  Libby  Prison,  then  to  Anderson- 
ville  Prison  ;  here  it  is  reported  he  made 
his  escape,  but  being  pursued  by  blood 
hounds,  he  was  recaptured  and  taken  back 
to  prison,  where  he  died  with  starvation 
and  sickness,  Aug.  5,  1864,  at  the  age  of 
20  years  and  eleven  months.  Mr.  Edwards 
married  second  time,  in  1864,  Cather- 
ine Carling,  by  whom  they  had  one  child  ; 
she  died  Nov.  21, 1868  ;  married  the  third 
time,  to  Miss  Sarah  J.  Hill,  in  1869.  Mr. 
Edwards  has  held  office  in  the  Schools, 
School  Trustee,  etc.  Owns  160  acres 
of   fine   improved   land.      Republican  in 


CHARLOTTE  TOWNSHIP. 


801 


politics,    and    a   member   of   the    Baptist 
Church. 

LAURENCE  FARRELL.  farmer; 
P.  0.  Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Longford 
County,  Ireland,  July  13,  1834,  and  i.s  the 
son  of  Lawrence  and  Bridget  ( Du<ran ) 
Farrell,  of  Ireland  ;  his  father  was  a  farmer  ;  I 
Mr.  Farrell  remained  with  his  parents 
until  he  was  2G  years  old,  engaged  in 
•working  on  the  farm  from  the  time  he  was 
able  to  handle  a  plow ;  in  1860,  he  emi- 
grated to  America,  and  landed  in  New 
York  City,  after  being  at  sea  eight  weeks  ; 
he  remained  in  the  city  but  a  short  time, 
then  went  to  Oneida  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  here  he 
commenced  farming  in  America ;  his  first 
labor  was  for  a  short  time  at  $1  per  day, 
then  by  the  month  at  $10  per  month,  and 
in  the  Winter  engaged  in  threshing  grain  ; 
he  then  worked  for  one  year  at  8120  per 
year.  He  returned  to  the  City  of  New 
York  and  married  Miss  Margaret  Fits- 
soams,  of  Ireland,  then  went  to  Pi"ovidenee, 
R.  I. ;  here  he  remained  for  six  years 
lab  >ring,  then  went  to  Livingston  County ; 
here  he  was  engaged  as  section  boss,  on 
the  T.,  P.  &  W.  R.  R.,  at  S50  per  month, 
and  remained  h<_re  for  four  years  ;  he  then 
moved  on  the  farm  that  he  now  lives  on, 
which  consists  of  120  acres,  and  where  is 
situated  the  first  house  built  in  Charlotte 
Township.  3Ir.  Farrell  is  a  (jreenbacker 
in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  Has  a  family  of  seven  children; 
hi.>^  wife  died  Mav  1,  1868. 

OWEN    FINEGAN,    farmer;    P.    0. 
Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  is 
one  of  the  best  known  farmers  of  Char- 
lotte Township ;  was  born  in  Ireland  Feb. 
2,  18-iO,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and  Eliza- 
beth (Garvey )  Finegan  ;   his  father  was  a 
farmer,  and  in  December,  1849,  with  his 
family,  sailed  for  America  ;  landed  in  New 
Orleans,  thence  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  thence 
to  Mt.  Pleasant,  Ohio,  and  remained  here 
until  March  11,  1857  ;  then  to  Livingston 
Co.,    111.,    and    settled  near  what  is  now 
Fairbury.;   here    they    remained    for  two 
years,  then  went  to  Chatsworth  Township  ; 
Mr.  Finegan  in  1868,  set  out  in  funning 
for  himself.     Married  March  29,  1869,  to 
Miss  Ellen  Fruin,  of  Ireland  ;  six  children, 
five  livin";.      Mr.  Finenran  has  held  several 
offices    of    trust    in   his    township — Road 
Commissioner,  Township  Clerk,  Township 
Treasurer,  which  office  he  has  held  since 


1865,  and  has  given  entire  satisfaction  to 
the  people  of  Charlotte  Township ;  has 
been  ensrasred  in  teaching;  school  for  eleven 
Winters.  Republican  in  politics  and  a 
member  of  the  Catholic  Church. 

JOHN  W.  GINGERICH,  farmer; 
P.  0.  Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Hessing, 
Germany,  Feb.  1,  1841,  and  is  the  son  of 
Michael  and  Magdala  (Otto)  Gingerich,  of 
Germany  ;  father  was  a  farmer  ;  here  Mr. 
Gingerich  remained  on  the  farm  until 
1852,  with  his  parents;  emigrated  to 
America,  and  landed  in  New  York  City, 
then  to  Maryland,  thence  to  Illinois,  and 
settled  in  La  Salle  County  ;  here  he  re- 
mained until  1867,  engaged  in  farming; 
he  then  moved  to  Livingston  Co.,  III.,  and 
settled  where  he  now  resides.  Married  in 
1868  to  Miss  Agnes  3Iiller,  of  Scotland,  by 
whom  they  have  five  children.  Mr.  Gin- 
gerich, at  the  breaking-out  of  the  late  war, 
enlisted  as  private  in  Co.  D.  104th  I.  V. 
I.  ;  participated  in  several  battles.  Is  a 
National  Greenbacker  in  politics.  Owns 
160  acres  of  improved  land. 

THOS.    S.    HARRY,   farmer;    P.    0. 
Chatsworth;   the  above-named  gentleman 
was  born  in  Christian  Co.,  Ky.,  Aug.  31, 
1823,  and  is  the  son  of  Samuel  and  Mary 
R.  (Thompson)  Harry;  his  father,  Samuel 
Harry,   was   born   in   Maryland  July  22, 
1784;  was   engaged  in  the  war  of  1812, 
under  Gen.    Scott,  and  in    1816,   settled 
in     Kentucky    and    remained     here    en- 
gaged in  farming  until   1855,  when,  with 
his  family,  removed  to  Illinois  and   settled 
in  McLean  County,  where  he  died  Dec.  19, 
1862 ;  Mary  R.  Harry  was  born  in  Penn- 
sylvania Jan.  12, 1787  ;  died  April  7, 1873. 
Mr.  Harry  was  brought  up  on  his  father's 
farm  in  Kentucky,  and  remained  there  until 
1846,  when  he  came  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  McLean  County  ;  remained  here  until 
1849,    then    went   to  Woodford    County, 
and  in  1865,  came  to  Livingston  County 
and      settled      where     he      now      lives. 
Married   to    Miss    Irena  J.   Compton,   of 
Kentucky,  born  Dec.  11,  1823;  daughter 
of  Ralph    Compton,  born   in  South   Caro- 
lina Nov.  23,  1779;  died  Sept.  1,  1863, 
and  Annis  Compton,  born  in   South  Caro- 
lina Dec.  26,  1784;  died  Jan.  20,  1862; 
have  si.K  children.    Mr.  Harry  is  a  National 
Greenbacker  in  politics;  in  religion.  Chris- 
tian Church.    Owns  160  acres  of  inipioved 
land. 


802 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES: 


VTILLIAM  HALL  AM.  former;  P.  0. 
Chatswortii  ;  was  born  iu  Washington  Co., 
Penn.,  Jan.  18,  1838,  and  is  the  son  of 
Slayfield  and  Mariah  (_Arnold)  Hallam ; 
his  father  was  engaged  in  farming  ;  here 
Mr.  Hallam  was  brought  up  on  his  father's 
farm  and  remained  in  Pennsylvania  en- 
cased in  farming  until  he  was  19  years 
of  age  ;  he  then  came  West  to  Illinois  in 
1847,  and  settled  in  La  Salle  County, 
farming  until  1868;  he  then  moved  to 
Livingstfin  Co.,  111.,  and  settled  on  the 
place  he  now  lives  on,  having  made  all 
improvements  on  his  farm.  He  married 
in  1860  to  Miss  Amerella  Bolding,  of  New 
York,  by  whom  they  have  ten  children. 
Mr.  Hallam's  parents  are  both  dead  ;  his 
father  died  when  he  was  quite  young ; 
lived  with  Isaac  Dager,  a  neighboring 
farmer,  for  about  nine  years.  Is  a  National 
Greenbacker  in  politics.     Owns  160  acres. 

JEROME  HOWE,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was 
born  in  Putnam  Co,  111.,  Aug.  1,  1848, 
and  is  the  son  of  Peter  and  Arvilla  Howe, 
who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  Put- 
nam Co.  111.,  engaged  in  farming  here ; 
Mr.  Howe  remained  with  his  parents  until 
he  was  24  years  of  age,  engaged  in  farm- 
ing ;  he  is  now  engaged  in  working  his 
father's  farm  of  400  acres,  which  is  one  of 
the  finest  improved  farms  of  Livingston 
Co.  ;  was  purchased  from  Gen.  George  B. 
McClellan  in  1863;  his  father,  Peter 
Howe,  is  a  very  extensive  land  owner ;  has 
some  1,500  acres  of  land  in  Livingston 
and  Iroquois  Counties  ;  he  emigrated  West 
with  his  wife  by  wagon,  in  poor  circum- 
stances ;  he  went  to  work  at  his  trade 
(mason  and  contractor)  here  ;  he  managed 
well ;  he  then  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business,  which  he  has  been  very  success- 
fid  in  ;  now  resides  in  Wenona.  111.  Mr. 
Jerome  Howe  married,  June  5,  1872.  to 
3Iiss  Fannie  Hill,  of  Pike  Co.,  111. ;  three 
children.  Owns  120  acres  in  Livingston, 
and  160  in  Iroquois,  "and  80  acres  in 
Ford  Co.,  Illinois. 

JOHN  LAW,  farmer;  P.  0.  Chats- 
worth  :  this  o;entleman  was  born  in  York- 
shire,  England,  April  23,  1828,  and  is  the 
son  of  James  and  Charlotte  Law ;  his 
father  was  a  potter  by  trade ;  emigrated  to 
America  in  1845  ;  with  his  father  was  en- 
gaged in  the  pottery  business  in  New  Jer- 
sey until  1851  ;   then    to   Vermont  three 


years  ;  thence  to  Attica,  N.  Y.,  two  years ; 
in  1856,  he  came  West  to  Illinois,  and  set- 
tled in  Grundy  Co.,  and  remained  here  un- 
til 1860,  when  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  settled  on  the  farm  he  now  lives  on, 
being  among  the  first  settlers  of  Charlotte 
Tp.  He  was  engaged  in  the  late  war  ;  en- 
listed as  private  in  Co.  E,  129th  I.  V.  I., 
fur  three  years,  or  during  the  war  ;  partic- 
ipated in  some  of  the  hard-fought  battles 
during  the  war — Chattanooga,  Resaca.  etc., 
with  Gen.  Sherman's  march  from  Atlanta 
to  the  sea,  through  the  Carolinas,  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  grand  review ;  mustered 
out  in  June,  1865  ;  at  the  close  of  the  war 
he  returned  home  and  commenced  farming. 
Married  in  1853  to  Miss  Hannah  Hodges, 
of  Dublin,  Ireland,  by  whom  they  have 
nine  children.  Mr.  Law  is  a  Republican 
in  politics  ;  has  held  several  offices  of  trust 
of  Charlotte  Tp. 

PATRICK  MONAHAN.  farmer  and 
stock  raiser ;  P.  0.   Chatsworth  ;   the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch  was  one  of  the  first  set- 
tlers of  Charlotte  Tp.  ;  was  born  in  Meath 
Co.,  Ireland,  July  22,  1830,  and  is  the  son 
of  John  and  Bridget  (Glacken)   Monahan, 
natives   of  Ireland  ;  father  was  a   farmer  ; 
here  Mr.  Monahan  spent  his  childhood  and 
early  youth,  working  on  the  farm  from  the 
time  he  was  able  to  handle  an  ax  or  hold  the 
plow,  and  gathering   what  instruction    the 
country  schools  of  Ireland  could  aff'ord  .  at 
22  years  of  age  (1852),  he  emigrated  to 
America,  and    landed  in  New  York  City, 
after   being   eight  weeks  and   three  days 
on  the  sea  ;  in  a  very  severe  storm,  in  which 
the  ship  lost  her  entire  rigging,  and  killing 
sixteen  persons  from  the  pitching  and  toss- 
ing of  the  vessel ;   his  first  work  in  Amer- 
ica was  in  working  on  a  farm  for  Warren 
S.  White ;  he  lived  with  him  for  the   first 
i   year,  with  the  understanding  that   he  was 
to  receive  from  Mr.  Wliite  at  the  end  of  the 
year  what  he  was  worth  ;   at  the   close    of 
the  year,   Mr.   White  called  him  up  and 
paid  him  814    per  month  ;  Mr.  Monahan 
being  satisfied,  he  remained  with   him  un- 
til 1856  ;  he  then  emigrated  West  to   Illi- 
nois and  commenced  farming  in  Will  Co., 
with  about  815  in  his  pocket  ;  when   Mr. 
Monahan    was    working  for     Mr.    ^^  hite, 
East,  he  sent   part    of  his  money  to   his 
mother    in  Ireland ;    he  came   West  very 
poor  ;  from  Will  Co.,  he  went  to  Grundy 
Co.,  and  remained  here  about  two  years,  as 


i 


CHARLOTTE  TOWNSHIP. 


803 


boss  in  stripping  coal  :  here  be  managed  to 
save  S527  ;  he  invested  this  amount  in  160 
acres  of  the  present  farm  be  now  owns,  and 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  in 
what  is  now  Charlotte  Tp.,  ."Spring  of  1857  ; 
here  he  hjis  been  very  succpssful  in 
farming;  to-day  owns  3<j(>  acres  of  fine  im- 
proved land,  having  the  finest  residence  in 
Livingston  Co.,  with  beautiful  surrounding 
grounds.  Mr.  Monaban  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics,  and  a  member  of  the  Catholic 
Church.  Married  Feb.  3.  1855,  to  Miss 
Elizabeth  Hanky  of  Ireland,  by  whom 
they  have  had  twelve  children  ;  seven  liv- 
int::,  and  five  deceased. 

JOHN  MONAHAN,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Chatsworth  ;  this  gentleman  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  prominent  settlers  of  Char- 
lotte Tp. ;  was  born  in  Meath  Co.,  Ireland, 
May  1,  ISoS,  and  is  the  son  of  John  and 
Bridget  ( (jlackeu )  Monahan,  of  Ireland  ; 
in  1852.  Mr.  Monahan  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica on  the  ship  Conquor  ;  after  being  at  sea 
five  weeks  and  two  days,  safely  landed  in 
New  York  City  ;  here  but  a  short  time, 
then  to  farming  in  New  York  by  the 
month,  receiving  $12  per  month  ;  here  he 
remained  about  four  3'ears ;  then  West  to 
Iowa,  then  to  Illinois,  prospecting  for  a 
farm  ;  he  remained  in  ^lorris,  Gnmdy  Co., 
eighteen  months,  engaiied  in  weighing 
coal  and  teaching  school;  in  June.  1858, 
came  tu  Livingston  Co.,  and  was  engaged, 
with  his  brother  Patrick,  in  stock  raising. 
Married  Oct.  17.  18(34.  to  Miss  Mary 
Glennen,  daughter  of  James  Glenneu  ;  five 
children.  Mr.  Monahan  is  a  National  Green- 
back man  in  politics ;  has  held  several 
offices  of  public  trust — School  Director, 
Supervisor  of  Charlotte  Tp.,  which  office 
he  still  holds.  Owns  400  acres  of  tine  im- 
proved land  ;  in  1865,  Mr.  M.  built  a  very 
fine  residence,  but  the  same  year,  a  very 
severe  tornado  came  up  about  10  o'clock 
at  night,  while  Mr.  M.  and  his  children 
were  in  bed,  his  wife  sitting  up  engaged  in 
sewing ;  the  house  was  lifted  from  its  foun- 
dation, and  the  family  fell  through  to  the 
ground  ;  the  liuilding  was  carried  about 
twenty  yards  and  completely  wrecked  ;  but, 
fortunately  for  the  family,  none  were  dan- 
gerously hurt. 

H.  PAKSONS,  farmer:  P.  0.  Chats- 
worth  ;  was  born  in  Miami  Co.,  Ohio, 
March  1,  1815.  and  is  the  son  of  Hiram 
and  Mary  (Patterson )  Parsons.    His  father 


was  engaged  in  the  Rev(tlutionary  war  un- 
der Gen.  George  Washington  ;  served  sis 
years,  and  participated  in  some  of  the  most 
important  battles — Stony  Point,  Brandy- 
wine,  Horse  Shoe  Bend,  etc. ;  died  when 
Mr.  Parsons  was  but  1 1  years  of  age  :  his 
mother  and  three  sisters  all  died  within 
ten  days,  of  milk  sickness.  'Mr.  Parsons 
started  out  in  the  world  at  12  years  of  age, 

•  a  poor  boy  ;  he  first  went  to  Dayton, Ohio; 

'  here  he  remained  for  three  years  ;  returned 
to  Miami  Co.,  then  to  Troy,  Ohio,  wiiere 
he  spent  one  year  in  shoeiuaking  ;  he  then 
commenced  to  learn  the  carpenter  trade, 
and  engaged  in  this  trade  for  some  t  me. 
In  1844,  he  married  Miss  Jane  Ros«,  of 
Zanesville,  Ohio ;  he  then  settled  in  New 
Carlisle,  Clark  Co.,  Ohio;  then  to  Indiana 
five  years;  returned  to  Ohio  and  remained 
there  five  years ;  he  then  came  to  Illinois 
and  settled  in  Livingston  Co.,  in  1864.  on 
his  present  farm  ;  here  he  has  been  engaged 
in  farming  ever  since.  Has  held  offico  of 
Justice  of  the  Peace  eight  years  ;  Repub- 
lican in  politics,  and  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  Church  over  forty  years.  Have 
four  children — two  boys  and  two  girls. 

MAJ.  DAVID  E.  SHAW,  manufact- 
uring Star  Wind-Mill;  P.  0.  Chatsworth ; 
was  born  in  Quincy.Mass,  near  the  residence 
of  ex-President  John  Quincy  Adams  ;  he 
was  born  Feb.  24,  1824  ;  his  father  was 
David  E.  Shaw,  a  sea  captain  ;  died  when 
Mr.  Shaw  was  very  young ;  he  helped  cut 
and  make  the  first  suit  of  sails  for  the  old 
ship  Constitution  ;  Mr.  Shaw's  first  experi- 
ence in  hfe  was  on  the  sea  ;  he  shipped  on 
a  sailing  vessel  when  1 3  years  of  age ;  he 
then  entered  a  dry  goods  store  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  as  a  clerk  ;  here  four  years  ;  he  then 
went  to  sea,  and  followed  this  basiness 
some  time,  and  then  to  Boston,  where  he 
learned  the  carpenter  trade.  He  married 
in  1844  ;  his  oldest  son  was  born  near 
Plymouth  Rock  ;  came  West  to  Ohio,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  millwright  business 
very  extensively  for  nine  years  ;  thence  to 
Iowa  two  years,  in  farming  ;  to  Illinois,  in 
1860.  Sept.  24,  1801,  enlisted  as  private 
in  Co.  I,  36th  I.  V.  I.  ;   was  promoted  by 

I  Gov.  Yates  to  Second  Lieutenant :  he 
served  faithfully  until  be  was  wounded  at 
Perryville,  Ky.,  and  in  April,  1863,  was 
honorably  discharged  ;  he  went  with  his 
brother  in  Indiana  ;  while  here  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Gov.  0.  P.  Morton  as  Major  of 


804 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


the  militia  of  Randolph  Co.,  Ind.  In  186H, 
he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.,  and  settled 
on  the  farm  he  now  owns.  Maj.  Shaw 
has  been  very  extensively  engaged  in  the 
patent-right  business  ;  is  the  patentee  of 
the  Star  Wind-Mill,  Shaw's  water-heater 
and  lime-extractor,  for  steam  boilers ;  also, 


a  patent  on  a  feed-grinder  attached  to  I 
wind-mill.  Married  twice  ;  first  wife,  Miss 
Percis  Lucas,  of  Massachusetts,  by  whom, 
he  had  six  children,  four  living  ;  second 
wife.  Miss  M.  Laura  Hill,  of  Massachu-: 
setts;  one  child.  Republican  in  politics! 
and  Presbyterian  in  religion. 


FAYETTE     TOWNSHIP. 


THOMAS  H.   AARON,    farmer;    P.   [ 
O.  Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Clarion  Co.,  Penn., 
May  10,  1826  ;    he  is  the  son  of  George 
and  Margaret  (Rufuer)  Aaron  ;  his  father 
was  born  in  1799,  and  his  mother  in  1802 ; 
both  parents  are  still  living ;  he  remained 
with  his  parents,  farming  Summers  and  at- 
tending school  Winters,  until   in   his   23d 
year;  in  the  Fall  of  1849,  moved  to   .Jef- 
ferson Co.,  Penn.,  and  engaged  in  farming; 
in  1864,  came  West  to  Illinois  and  settled 
in  Henry  Co.,  near  Galva,  on  the  C,  B.  & 
Q.  R.  R.;   here   he  remained  three  years 
engaged    in    farming ;    in    the  Spring  of 
1867,  came  to  Livingston  Co.  and  located 
on  the   farm    on  which    he    now  resides ; 
owns    southeast    quarter  of   Sec.  4.     He 
was  married  Aug.  26, 1849,  to  Mary  Lilly, 
a  native  of  Cambray  Co.,  Penn.;  has  eight 
children  living— Vincent,  Agnes,  Margaret, 
Lizzie,    Pheny,    George,    Hilena,    Alice ; 
one  infant  son,  dead.     In  December,  1873, 
he  engaged    in    the  grocery  trade,  in  con- 
nection   with    his    son,  in    the    village  of 
Strawn,  under  the  firm  name  of  Aaron  & 
Son  ;  in  September,  1874,  E.  H.  Roberts 
was  taken  into   the  business  as  a  partner, 
and  the  firm  name  was  changed  to  that  of 
Aaron,  Roberts  &  Co.     Democrat ;    Cath- 
oHc.     Was  elected  first  Assessor  of  Fay- 
ette Tp.;  held  the  office  seven  years  in  su  ;- 
cession  ;  has  been  Road  Commissioner  five 
years ;  has  also   held  the  offices  of  School 
Trustee  and  School  Director  ;  he  is  a  very 
successful  business  man  and   an  energetic 
and  thrifty  farmer. 

J.  H.  CURYEA,  farmer  and  stock 
dealer  ;  P.  0.  Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Shen- 
andoah Co.,  Va.,  Nov.  3,  1830  ;  at  the 
age  of  6  years  came  with  family  to  Licking 
Co.,  Ohio ;  here  they  remained  seven 
years;  in  1843,  came  to  La  Salle  Co.,  111., 
and  settled  near  Ottawa;  December,  1851, 


left  home  for  California  ;  he  engaged  it 
mining,  and  at  the  expiration  of  three' 
months  purchased  one-third  interest  in  a 
mine,  which  he  worked  successfully  fir 
one  year  ;  in  the  early  part  of  November, 
1852,  he  met  with  a  serious  accident  while 
working  his  mine,  which  wholly  disabled 
him  for  the  space  of  four  months  ;  before 
the  accident  his  usual  weight  was  180 
pounds  ;  three  months  afterward  he  could 
balance  only  ninety  pounds  ;  hearing  that 
!  hands  were  much  needed  and  wages  good 
for  threshing  in  the  San  Jose  Valley,  hn 
went  to  the  valley,  and  engaged  in  running 
a  thresher  ;    he  received  $150  per  month 

■  for  his  services,  which  was  simply  driving 
the  horse  power;  January,  1854,  he  re- 
turned to  Illinois  and  settled  near  where 
Mattoon  now  is,  in  connection  with  his 
uncle,  engaged  in  handling  stock  ;  $18,000 
worth  was  an  average  for    the    season  ;   in 

I   November,  1857,  returned  to  La  Salle  Co.; 

■  in  1863  moved  to  (Chicago  and  engaged  in 
keeping    hotel    and  trading   in   stock  ;    in 

i   1864,  removed    to    Ottawa,  stock   dealing 

!  and  running  a  butcher  market ;    in  June, 

1868,    moved    to    Otter    Creek ;     March, 

j   1876,  moved  to  Strawn,  where  he  now  re- 

I  sides.     He  was  married  Feb.  12,  1857,  to 

!   Manama  McMunn,  a  native  of  Coshocton 

Co.,  Ohio;    has  nine    children — Nora  V., 

Charles  D.,  Sallie,  Frank,  Lucie,  Gertrude, 

I   Belle,   John    B.,  George   C.     Owns    320 

'<  acres.     Independent ;  tlniversalist. 

HOLLAND  CATTON,  farmer;  P.O. 
Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Scopwick,  Lincoln- 
shire, Eng.,  Sept.  1,  1822  ;  he  left  home 
at  the  age  of  14,  and  worked  three  years 
in  a  brick-yard ;  afterward  he  worked  at 
farming  until  1855,  when  with  his  family, 
consisting  of  a  wife  and  four  children,  he 
immigrated  to  America ;  here  he  followed 
I  coal  digging  for  twelve  years,  owning  and 


FAYETTE  TOWNSHIP. 


805 


working  a  half  interest  in  a  mine  in  Stark  ' 
Co.,  111.,  seven  years  of  the  time;  in  1867  ;  . 
he  !-old  out  his  interest  to  his  hrother,  and 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  to  the  farm  on 
which  he  now  resides.  Was  married  May 
27,  1845,  to  Ellen  Kyre,  a  native  of 
Branswell,  Kng. ;  has  .six  children — Mary, 
Martha,  Ben,  Willie,  Sullie,  Ellen.  Owns 
24(1  acres.  Republican;  Methodist.  Has 
held  the  office  of  School  Director.  Mr. 
Cation  is  a  thoroughgoing,  successful 
farmer,  and  is  highly  esteemed  for  his  high 
iirade  of  honorable  dealings,  and  his  fine 
uncial  qualities,  by  his  neighbors  and 
friends.  ] 

J.  W.  EBERSOL,  agent  C.  &  P.  R.  R.,  [ 
Strawn  ;   was  born  in   Pontiae,  Livingston 
Co.,  111.,  June  28,  1848  ;  he  is  the  second 
child  born  in  Pontiae  ;   when  he  was    two 
years  of  age  his  father  moved  to  Burling-  \ 
ton,   Iowa;    1857,  His  family  returned    to 
Illinois  and  settled   in    La  SiiUe  Co.,  near 
Ottawa ;  his  father  resides  there  at  present. 
In  August,  1862,  young  Ebersol  enlisted 
in  the  72d  I.  V.  I.,  and  served  one  year 
and    six    months;     May  22,  1863,  he  re- 
ceived a  severe  wound  in  the  left  shoulder, 
which  necessitated  the  removal  of  the  en- 
tire humerus  bone  of  the  arm  ;    he   was 
discharged  in  February,  1864.     On  return- 
ing  from  the  army  he  remained  in  Ottawa 
until  the  Fall  of  1869,  when  he  located  in 
Germantown   Tp.,  on   his  farm;  in  1873, 
received  the  appointment  of  agent  for  the 
C.  &  P.  R.  R.,  at  Strawn.     H^  was  mar- 
ried March  19, 1867,  to  Theodocia  Strawn, 
second   daughter  of   David  Strawn;    has 
had   five  children — Josephine  and    Alice, 
living;    Edwin   C,  Mabel  P.,  Joseph  W., 
deceased.     Independent.     Owns  north  half 
of    Sec.   6,  in   Germantown ;    also   several 
houses    and    lots  in   Strawn.      Is  Notary 
Public,  Justice  of  the  Peace,  and  has  been 
Township  Treasurer  for  the  past  two  years ; 
is  agent  for   the    Phoenix    of   JIartford, 
..^^tna  of  Hartford,  and  the  Underwriters 
of  New  York. 

G.  HARVEY,  M.  D.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Strawn  ;  wa«  born  in  La  Salle, 
La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  Oct.  15,  1850  ;  at  the 
agp  of  2  years  he  was  left  without  father 
or  mother  ;  he  was  under  the  guardianship 
of  his  uncle,  Joel  Harvey,  of  Sterling, 
Whiteside  Co.,  for  seventeen  years  ;  in  the 
Fall  of  1869,  he  went  to  Iowa,  and  in  the 
Spring  of  1870,  he   entered  the  Agricult- 


ural College,  located  at  Ames,  Story  Co., 
Iowa  ;  here  he  remained  four  years,  work- 
ing his  way  through  the  entire  cour.se ; 
received  the  degree  of  B.  S.  in  the  Fall 
of  1873  ;  the  cost  for  the  first  year,  above 
his  wages  for  work,  was  nineteen  cents ; 
Nov.  18,  1873.  ho  entered  the  Pharma- 
ceutical Department  of  Michigan  Univer- 
sity; doubling  in  his  work, he  completed  a 
two  years'  course  so  as  to  graduate  with 
the  class  of  June  24,  1874  ;  at  this  time 
he  received  the  degree  of  P.  C ;  he  grad- 
uated from  the  Medical  Departm  'nt  INIarch 
20,  1875,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  con- 
ferred ;  May  10,  1875,  came  to  Ottawa, 
La  Salle  Co.,  and  entered  upon  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profes.sion.  forming  a  copartner- 
ship with  Dr.  McArthur  ;  in  August, 
1875,  he  located  at  Strawn,  and  in  Novem- 
ber, of  the  lame  year,  opened  a  drug  store 
in  connection  with  his  jiractice.  He  was 
married  April  15,  1875,  to  Mary  Richard- 
son, a  native  of  Boston,  !Mass.  Repub- 
lican ;  affiliates  with  the  M.  E.  Church.  He 
has  succeeded  in  building  up  a  good  paying 
practice,  and  is  rapidly  accumulating  means. 

A.  P.  LA  CLAIR,  merchant,  Strawn  ; 
was  born  in  Naperville,  Du  Page  Co.,  111., 
Jan.  1,  1853;  he  is  the  son  of  A.  P.  and 
Adaline  La  Clair  ;  at  the  age  of  seven 
years  he  lost  his  father  by  death,  and  two 
years  later  was  bereft  of  his  mother  ;  after 
the  death  of  his  mother  he  went  to  live 
with  Willard  Scott,  then  a  prominent  mer- 
chant and  now  a  banker  of  Naperville  ; 
here  most  of  his  boyhood  days  and  the 
years  of  his  early  manhood  wfere  spent, 
attending  school  and  clerking  in  the  store  ; 
in  November,  1875,  he  came  to  Strawn 
and  engaged  in  merchandising ;  he  owns 
an  interest  in  considerable  town  property 
in  Aurora,  Kane  ( -o.,  and  a  half  interest 
in  the  building  and  lot  at  his  place  of  busi- 
ness at  Strawn.  Democrat  ;  Congrega- 
tional. He  possesses  fine  bu.siness  qualities, 
is  social  and  agreeable  in  his  bearing  toward 
all,  and  does  the  leading  business  of  the 
town  in  dry  goods  and  groceries  ;  his 
patronage  is  large  and  growing. 

H.  C'  LIST,  black-smith,  Strawn  ;  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  was  born  in  Taze- 
well Co  ,  111.,  Jan.  5,  1843  ;  he  engaged  in 
farming  until  24  years  of  age  ;  March  4, 
1866,  he  entered  the  shop  of  Ben.  Tobias, 
at  Washington,  111.,  to  learn  his  trade  ;  in 
October,    1869,    he    worked    in    Eureka, 


80. J 


BIOGP.APHICAL  SKETCHES: 


Woodford   Co.,   in    the  employ  of    Fred. 
Darling- ;    thence  he  went   to  Gihuan  and 
remained  one  year  and  three  months  ;  he 
next  located  in  Forrest  and  remained  two  j 
years  ;    December,  1874:,  he  went   to    El 
Paso,  and  Nov.  5,  1875,  he  opened  a  shop 
at  Sirawn,  his   present  place  of  business ;   j 
Mr.  List  is   a   fine  workman,  and   is  fast  j 
building  up  a   large   and  lucrative  trade,   j 
He  is  independent,  both  in  politics  and  re- 
ligion.    List's  Hall,  located  above  his  shop,  i 
is  the  only  room  in  the  village  occupied  for  ! 
public  entertaiaments  ;  it  is  also  used  by  ; 
the  M.  E.   Church  for  a  place  of  worship.   ] 
PETER     J.     PIESTER,     merchant,  | 
Strawn  ;    the  subject   of  this   sketch  was 
born    in  Columbia  Co.,   N.    Y.,   July    9, 
1836  ;  at  the  age  of  twelve,  he  went  with 
the  family  to  Onondaga  Co.  ;  .in  1858,  he  ! 
came  West,  and  remained   in   Chicago   a 
few    months,    engaged    in    collecting    for  ! 
steam  towing  tugs ;  in  the  Fall  of  1858, 
came  to  Indian  Grove,  Livingstun  Co.,  and 
improved  eighty  acres  of  land ;  in   1861, 
be  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  sorghum ;   , 
realizing  no  profit  from  the  manufacture 
and  sale  of  it,  he  abandoned  the  enterprise 
at  the  close  of  the  first  season;  in  1862, 
sold  his  farm,  and  rented  in  the  vicinity  of 
Indian  Grove;  in   1863,  bought   quarter 
section  and  improved  it ;  in  1864,  sold  half 
of  farm,  and  removed  to  Chenoa,  McLean 
Co.  ;  in  the   Spring  of  1865,  engaged  in 
hedge-growing,  cultivating  from  five  to  ten 
acres ;  followed  it  four  years  in  succession, 
and  was  very  successful ;   in  1369,  bought 
160  acres  south  of  Weston,  which  he  now 
owu'i ;  in  the  Spring  of  1877,  he  left  the 
farm,  and  came  to  Strawn,  forming  a  co- 
partnership with  Pi.  A.  Hamilton  for  the 
purchase  and  sale  of  dry  goods  and  gro- 
ceries; he  was  married  May  17,  1863,  to 
Amanda    Hamilton,    a    native    of    Ohio; 
has  an   adopted  daughter — Lola  Piester ; 
owns  160  acres  in  Yates  Tp.,  McLean  Co. 
Is  a    Methodist  and   a    Republican ;   has 
held  office  in  Yates  Tp.  three  years,  and 
been  School  Director  in  Fayette  for  the 
past  three  or  four  years.     Though  recently 
established,  the  firm  of  Piester  &  Hamilton 
has  a  large  and  arowing  patronage. 

WHIT  READ,  grain  and  lumber  mer- 
chant, Strawn ;  was  born  in  JeflPerson 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  8,  1839;  he  remained 
with  his  parents  until  his  majority,  assist- 
ing on  the  farm  Summers  and  attending 


school  Winters.     In  August,  1862,  he  en-l 
listed  in  Co.  H,  10th  N.  Y.  Heavy  Artil-' 
lery,  and  served  three  years ;  participating^ 
in  the  hotly  contested  battles  of  the  Wil-| 
derness  and  Cold   Harbor,  first  attack  oaj 
Petersburg,   June   15,  1864,  and   at  thei 
mine  explosion  in  front  of  Petersburg  July] 
30,   1864 ;    his  regiment  was  with    Gen; 
Phil.  Sheridan,  in  the  campaign  up   th< 
Shenandoah   Valley;  at  the  close  of  the 
campaign,  the    regiment    was    ordered  t( 
Richmond,  and  aided  in  forcing  Gen.  Le« 
from   his  intrenchments ;    on  Gen.   Lee's 
evacuation  and  retreat,  it  was  detailed  tc 
do  provost   duty  at   Petersburg ;    he  was 
discharged  July  7,  1865.     On  his  return 
from  the  army,  he  engaged  in   sailing  on 
the  lakes,  transporting  grain  from  Chicago 
to  Bulfalo,  Oswego,  and  other  points ;  in 
1869,  came  to  Stark  Co.,  111., and  engaged 
in  farming;   in  1871,  came  to  Livingston 
Co.,  and  farmed  two  years  ;  in  1873,  moved 
to  Strawn,  acting  as  agent  for  Hoyt  it  Bee- 
be,  in  the  grain  and  lumber  business  ;  in 
July,  1874,  Messrs.  Read  &  Fisher  bought 
out  Hoyt  &  Beebe,  and  commenced  opera- 
tions for  themselves  ;  since  that  date,  D.  R. 
Morgan  having  purchased  the  interest  of 
Mr.  Fisher,  the  firm   of  Read  &  Morgan, 
as  it  now  exists,   was    formed.     He    was 
married  Jan.  12,  1869,  to  Frank  Graves,  a 
native  of  New  York  State ;  has  two  chil- 
dren— Bertha  and  Frank.     Is   a   Repul)- 
lican;  has  held  the  office  of  Justice  of  the 
Peace,   Township   Clerk,   and  School  Di- 
rector.  Theirs  is  the  leading  firm  of  the  vil- 
lage, handling  from  150,000  to  200,000 
bushels  of  corn  annually. 

EDWARD  H.  ROBERTS,  merchant, 

Strawn ;     was     born     in     Delaware     Co., 

Ohio,  Nov.  6,  1841  ;  his  parents  came  to 

Ohio  from  Pennsylvania ;  his  father  died 

when  he  was  six  years  of  age  ;  he  remained 

with    his    mother  working   on   the   farm, 

until  Sept.  9,  1861,  when  he  enlisted  in 

the  20th  Regiment  0.  V.  I.,  and  served 

to  the  close  of  the  rebellion.   On  returning 

from  the   war,  he  came  to  Lee  'Co.,   Ill, 

and  remained  there  two  years  ;  in  the  Fall 

\  of  1867,  he  came  to  Livingston   Co..  and 

I   opened  up  and  improved  a  farm  in  Chats- 

wurth  Tp. ;  in  1872,  disposed  of  his  farm, 

and  on  June  3,  1873,  the  day  on  which 

the  village  of  Strawn  was  laid  out,  was  on 

^  the  ground,  and  had  the  first  choice  of  lots  ; 

i  he  chose  a  lot  on  the  north  side  of  the 


I 


FAYETTE  TOWNSHIP. 


807 


Public  Square,  on  which  tn  erect  a  business  ■ 
house  for  the  sale  of  hardware ;  his  was 
the  lirst  business  enclosed,  and  he  sold  the 
first  merchandise  that  ever  was  sold  in 
Strawn  over  a  counter;  he  has  been  Post- 
master of  the  villaije  ever  sinej  the  office 
was  established.  Was  married  Dec.  31, 
186'J,  to  Kliza  M.  .Moore,  a  native  of  Ohio; 
lias  three  children — Jane  M.,  Albert  J., 
Harry  A.  He  is  a  Methodist,  and  a  Re- 
publican. Is  at  present  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  Aaron,  Roberts  <?c  Co. 

J.  C.  RICHCREEK,  grain   merchant, 
Strawn  ;  was  born  in  Coshocton  Co.,  Ohio, 
June  11,  1845;  in  18G4,  his  father  came 
West,  and  located  in  Edgar  Co.,  111.,  where 
he  still  resides;  at  the  age  of  20,  young 
Richcreek  engaged  in  teaching  school,  his 
father  giving  him  his  time  ;  in   1867,  he 
left    home,    traveling    South    and    West, 
through  a   number   of  the    States,    going 
West  with  a  view  of  buying  land  ;  in  the 
Winter    of  1870,  he   located   with  Mr.  L. 
SuUivant,  as  foreman  on  the  north  half  of 
his  farm,  lying  in  Ford  and  Livingston  Cos., 
111.;  this  firm,  known  as  Burr  Oaks  farm, 
consisted  of  sixty-four  adjoining  sections  ; 
he  superintended  the  thirty-two  north  sec- 
tions, having  direct  personal  supervision  of 
everything    necessary   to    the     successful 
farming  of  the  same ;  the  acreage  of  corn 
on  his  part  was  from  eight  to  nine  thousand ; 
in  Sullivant's  employ  he  remained  six  years ; 
in   1875,  he    removed  to  Strawn,  and  en- 
gaged   in    his    present   business ;    in    the 
Spring  of  1877,  he  added   to  his    former 
business  that  of  handling  agricultural  im- 
plements.      Married   Sept.  21,    1874,  to 
Wilhelmina    Kantaug,    a   native    of  Ger- 
many ;    has  one  child — Ijuicry   H.,    born 
Sept.  5, 1875.    Republican.    Handles  dur- 
ing the  season    from  thirty-five   to  forty 
thousand  bushels  of  corn  and    from  eight 
to  ten  thousand  bushels  of  oats. 

WALTER  D.  STRAWN,  farmer  and 
stock  dealer  ;  P.  0.  Strawn  ;  the  subject 
of  this  sketch  was  born  in  South  Ottawa 
Tp.,  La  Salle  Co.,  111.,  Aug.  1,  1850  ;  he  is 
the  son  of  David  and  Sarah  ( Loyd)  Strawn ; 
besides  the  advantages  enjoyed  in  the  com- 
mon schools  for  obtaining  an  education,  he 
attended  the  Model  Department  of  the 
State    Normal  School,  located  at  Normal, 


111.,  five  terms  ;  his  father  was  possessed  of 
large  means,  and  in  an  early  day  in  this 
section  of  country,  bought  a  large  tract  of 
land  from  speculators,  in  what  is  now  Fay- 
ette and  Germantown  Tps.;  at  one  time  he 
owned  in  one  tract  4,370  acres  ;  through 
the  influence  and  energy  of  his  father, 
mainly,  the  C.  &  P.  R.  R.  was  built,  he 
having  taken  one-fifth  interest  in  the  same  ; 
he  took  the  contract  to  grade  sixty  miles  of 
the  road,  extending  from  Fairbury  to  Be- 
ment,  and,  April  1,  1873,  young  Strawn 
came  to  Livingston  Co.  to  superintend  the 
work  on  the  railroad,  and  engaged  in  open- 
ing up  the  fiirm  ;  he  located  on  his  present 
farm  Feb.  23,  1870.  He  was  married 
Sept  8,  1875,  to  Florence  May  Parr,  a  na- 
tive of  La  Salle  Co.;  has  one  child — Flor- 
ence Pearl,  born  Dec.  23,  187G.  Repub- 
lican. Owns  070  acres,  valued  at  S50  per 
acre.  During;  the  season  he  handles  from 
200  to  300  head  of  cattle  and  a  large 
amount  of  hogs  ;  he  superintends  largely 
his  father's  vast  estate,  lying  adjacent  to 
his  own  home. 

STACY  STEPHENS,  physician  and 
surgeon,  Strawn;  was  born  in  Greene  Co., 
Penn  ,  March  13,  1834;  his  father  lived 
to  the  age  of  80,  having  resided  on  the 
farm  where  he  died  sixty-five  years  ;  he  re- 
mained at  home  until  nearly  his  majority  ; 
in  1854.  came  to  Illinois  and  settled  near 
Lone  Tree,  Bureau  Co.;  here  he  remained 
six  years,  engaged  in  farming;  in  1860, 
settled  in  Reading  Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  re- 
maining three  years ;  next  settled  west  of 
Pontiac,  in  Rooks  Creek  Tp.;  remained 
about  four  years ;  in  1867,  went  to  Fair- 
bury,  and  commenced  the  study  of  medi- 
cine under  the  instruction  of  Drs.  Love  & 
Thurber ;  for  three  years  he  practiced  in 
connection  with  them,  and  in  1872,  located 
in  Pontiac  and  opened  up  a  jiractice  alone ; 
in  1873,  about  the  middle  of  August,  lo- 
cated at  Strawn.  Dr.  Stephens  is  the  first 
regular  practitioner  located  in  the  town.ship 
and  village.  Was  married  Oct.  21,  1859, 
to  Elizabeth  A.  Henkins,  of  Pennsylvania; 
has  had  eight  children — Leonora,  Camp- 
bell, Mary  J.,  John,  Addie.  Rolla ;  de- 
ceased, Bessie  May  and  Stacy.  He  has  a 
large  practice  and  has  met  with  the  best  of 
success. 


808 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES : 


NEBRASKA   TOWNSHIP. 


JOEL  ALLEN,  physician,  Zookville ;  | 
he  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  111.,  in  1827,  i 
where  he  resided  for  twenty  eight  years;  after- 
ward  removed  to  Logan  Co.,  111.  In  1862,  \ 
he  enlisted  in  the   77th   T.   V.    I.,   being  | 
mustered  in  as  Hospital  Steward  ;  in  1865, 
was  promoted  to    Second    Assistant    Sur- 
geon ;  at  the  time  of  his  discharge,  he  had  ' 
passed  through   sixteen   battles  ;  was  dis- 
charged in  1865,  and    came    to    Nebraska 
Tp.,  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  resides. 
He    has   been    married   three  times;  was 
married  to  his  first  wife,  Martha  L.  Trow- 
bridge,   in   1849,    they  having    had    four 
children — Harden   A.,  Lyda   Ann,   Laura 
Belle,  Joel  Brown  ;  his  wife  died  in  Jan., 
.  1860  ;  on  Dec.  6,  1861,  he  married  Emley 
J.   Tromley,    having   two    children — Ger- 
trude and  Jessie  Prudence  ;  after  the  death 
of  his  second  wife  he  married  Mary  Jane 
Hallam.      Mr.    Allen     owns,    in    Sec.    4, 
o2U    acres    of    land,    under    good     culti- 
vation    and    improvements,  having  three 
tenants    on    the    land  ;     valued    at    $45 
per  acre ;  he    has   a    large   and    extensive 
practice  extending  not  only   over  his  own 
town,    but  into   the   adjoining  townships, 
and  is  respected  by  all. 

T.  N.  CAMELIN,  farmer  ;  P.  0.  Zook- 
ville ;  he  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1821 ;  he 
followed  farming  until  1850.  when  he  re- 
moved to  Tazewell  Co.,  111. ;  in  1854  he 
came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  where 
he  now  resides.  He  married  Mary  Coch- 
ran Nov.  27,  1850 ;  she  was  born  in 
Peunsylvania,Oct.  22, 1830;  they  have  nine 
children— Mary  E.,  born  Aug.  27,1851; 
David,  born  Oct.  23,  1853;  John  H., 
born  Aug.  26,1856  ;  William,  born  March 
5,  1859;  Hannah  F.,  born  April  25, 
1861 ;  Jacob  H.,  born  Dec.  28, 1863  ;  Ida 
May,  born  March  21,  18.66;  Lucy  A., 
born  Aug.  18,  1869  ;  Retta  Bell,  born 
Dec.  18,  1872  ;  owns  161^^7  acres,  valued 
at  $45  per  acre. 

THOMAS  CRAWFORD,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Dana  ;  he  was  born  in  1835,  in  North 
Ireland  ;  his  parents  were  of  Scotch  descent, 
his  father  being  Adjutant  in  the  British 
army;  in  1856,  came  to  America,  but 
made  no  permanent  location  until  1865, 
when    he    located  where  he  now  resides. 


He  married  Margaret  Walsh,  at  Liverpool, 
Eng.,inl856;  she  was  born  in  Ireland, 
in  1832  ;  they  have  seven  children  livhig, 
two  dead — James  A.  (deceased),  Sarah  J., 
Isabella,  George  W.,  Maggie,  Annis,  Lu- 
ther, Willie  (deceased),  and  Arthur  P.;  he 
owns  240  acres  land,  valued  at  $45  per 
acre.  Sec.  6. 

JOHN  EMBERSON,  farmer  ;    P.    0. 
Zookville ;  he  was  born  in  1798,  in  Town 
of   Castle  Wellen,  County  of  Down,  Ire- 
land ;  he  moved   from  Ireland,  going  first 
to  Scotland,  thence  to  PJngland,  and  from 
there   to    Canada,  where    he    resided   for 
twenty  years,  following  his  occupation  of  j 
shoemaker;  he  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  111.,/ 
Nebraska    Tp.,    in     1854.     He    marriec' 
Elizabeth  Kirkup,  in   England ;  she  ws 
born  March   12,  1800  ;    they  have  thre&l 
children  —  John,    Annie    K.,    and    Maryj 
Ann ;    Annie   (now  Mrs.  Geo.   Wilson,  iDJ 
Canada);  Mary  Ann   (now  Mrs.  Williamj 
Maine,  Minonk,  Woodford  Co.,  111.)     He! 
has  80  acres  on  Sec.  3,  east  half  of  southj 
west  quarter ;    also   80   acres   on   Sec. 
east  half  of  southeast  quarter. 

NELSON  LOUKS,  farmer;  P.  0.  Mi^ 
nonk;  he  was  born  in  Norfolk  Co.,  Canj 
ada,  in  1830  ;  in  1854,  he  came  to  Ogle  Co.'^ 
111.;  after  staying  there  one  year,  he  bought 
the  farm  he  now  owns,  and  in  1857,  re- 
moved his  family  also  to  Livingston  Co. 
He  married  Margaret  S.  Settle,  at  Wal-| 
worth  Co..  Wis.,  in  1856;  she  was  boin' 
in  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  in  1838;  they  have 
eight  children — James  W.,  born  Sept.  24, 
1858;  Nelson  A.,  born  Aug.  23,  1860; 
Dorotha  I.,  born  Jan.  22,  1862;  Melissa 
J.,  born  Jan.  18,  1864;  Stephen  J.,  Dec. 
22,  1865;  Walter  G.,  Oct.  30,  1869; 
Thomas  C,  born  Dec.  11,  1871;  Marga- 
ret E.,  born  Jan.  20,  1874.  He  owns 
160  acres  of  land;  worth  $45  per  acre. 
Has  been  School  Director.  Land  on  Sec. 
10. 

JAMES  MURPHY,  fiirmer;  P.  0. 
Minonk;  born  north  part  of  Ireland,  in 
1822;  1846,  came  to  this  country  and 
worked  in  a  shipping  office  in  New  York, 
for  three  years;  he  then  went  to  Indiana, 
where  he  was  in  the  mercantile  trade  for 
about  six  years ;  from  there  he  moved  to 


NEBRASKA  TOWNSHIP. 


809 


where  he  now  resides.  He  married  in 
Grant  Co.,  Ind.,  Jan.  5,  1853,  to  Miss 
Sarah  J.  Harrington,  who  was  born  in 
Ireland,  May  7,  1833 ;  has  eight  children 
— James  C,  born  Sept.  5,  1855  ;  John  A., 
born  Jan.  7,  1857;  Eliza  J.,  born  March 
15,  18G();  Sarah  M.,  born  Sept.  7,  1SG2 
(deceased)  ;  William  W..  born  Feb.  15, 
18ii5  (deceased);  Rob.  G.,  born  April  20, 
18liC);  Albert,  born  March  (1,1801)  (de- 
ceased); Edward  S.,  born  Oct.  31,  1870. 
Wa.s  elected  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  1857, 
under  the  old  jirecinct  law;  re-elected  1858, 
under  township  law,  and  has  been  contin- 
ued up  to  the  present  time;  was  elected 
School  Treasurer  in  1860,  and  has  been 
continued;  and  since  1858,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  three  years,  has  held  the  ofiBce 
(tf  Town  Clerk  ;  he  is  also  a  Notary  Pub- 
lic. Owns  IGO  acres.  Sec.  15,  worth  §50 
per  acre;  his  house  was  burned  down  in 
1805,  burning  many  valuable  papers. 

JOSEPH  H.  MARTIN,  farmer ;  P. 
0.  ZookviUe;  was  born  Oct.  9,  1829, 
in  Wayne  Co.,  111. ;  his  home  was  in  Mar- 
shall Co.  until  1S5G,  removing  that  year 
to  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  resides. 
Was  married,  in  1851,  toSusanah  Cochran, 
who  was  born  in  Penn.,  1832  ;  they  have 
had  eight  children — Frank  H.,  born  Aug. 
11,  1852;  Clara  J.  (deceased),  Nov.  11, 
1854;  Minerva  E.,  June  8,  1857  ;  Laura 
(deceased ),  May  22,  1859 ;  Virginia  (de- 
ceased), July  10,  1801;  Marian  N.  L., 
Jan.  22,  1861;  James  E.,  Jan.  18,  1867  ; 
Cora  Bell,  Sept.  13,  1809.  Was  first  Con- 
stable and  Collector  in  the  town,  second 
Supervisor,  and  has  held  the  same  office 
four  years  since ;  also  School  Trustee,  and 
at  present,  Road  Commissioner.  Mr.  Martin 
owns  280  acres  of  land,  valued  at  forty 
dollars  per  acre,  all  under  good  cultivation  ; 
has  also  held  the  office  of  Assessor  four 
years. 

S.  N.  PILLSBURY,  farmer;  P.  O., 
Gridley;  was  born  in  York  Co.,  Maine, 
July  19,  1812;  in  1855,  he  came  to  Bu- 
reau Co.,  where  he  farmed  it  for  three 
years ;  1858,  he  removed  to  where  he  now 
resides.  Married,  in ,1834,  to  Mlsg  Susan 
Avrill ;  they  have  had  eight  children — 
Nathuniel  J.,  born  Oct.  21,  1834,  at 
present  pJudge  of  Appellate  Court  of  Liv- 
ingston Co.  ;  Joseph  A.  (deceased),  born 
March  7,  1830  ;  Stephen  0.,  born  AuL^ 
23, 1837  ;   Mary  E.,  wife  of  State's  Attor- 


ney Murdock,  Sept.  20,  1839  ;  Benjamin 
(deceased),  born  June  0,  1841;  EKza  J.,, 
born  March   6,    1843;   Frank   W.,  March 

2,  1845,  lawytr  in   Union,  Hardin    Co., 
Iowa;  Ambrose  H.,  born  March  9,  1848, 
physician  in  same  town  and  State.     Eighty 
acres  land.  Sec.  32.     Has  held   office  of 
School  Director. 

ABEL  PEARSON,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Minonk ;  he  was  born  in  Lincolnshire. 
Eng.,  Aug.  24,  1820  ;  came  to  this 
country  in  1850;  in  England,  he  followed 
farming ;  he  first  came  to  Washington, 
Tazewell  Co.,  and  afttr,  moving  to  Eureka, 
Woodford  Co.,  111.,  but  made  no  permanent 
settlement  until  1856,  when  he  came  to 
Livingston  Co  ,  where  he  now  lives.  He 
married,  Oct.  26,  1851,  Mary  Ann  Blood- 
worth,  at  Metamora,  Woodford  Co.,  Ill ; 
she  was  born  Jan.  15,  1823,  in  Lincoln- 
shire, Eng. ;  they  have  had  seven  children, 
five  living — Susan  Ann,  born  Sept.  18, 
1852  ;  Abraham  N.,  born  Jan.  1,  1854  ; 
Mahala  M.,  March  4,  1855  ;,  Josephine, 
3Iay  3,  1850;  Hammond  A.,  Oct.  5, 
1857;  Clark,  Nov.   7,   1859;  Abel,  May 

3,  1801  ;  the  two  dead  are  Abraham  N., 
died  Oct.  2,  1854,  and  Abel,  died  Oct.  0, 
1802;  owns  240  acres  of  land,  valued  at. 
$40  per  acre ;  has  held  office  of  Assessor 
two  years  ;  also  the  office  of  School  Trust- 
ee and  Director,  and  is  at  present  Con- 
stable. 

JOHN  RICHARDSON,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Minonk  ;  he  was  born  in  Huntington- 
shire,  Eng.,  in  1833  ;  came  to  America  in 

1854,  and  settled  in  Illinois,  first  in  Mar- 
shall Co.,  but  finally  locating  where  he 
now  lives  in  Livingston   Co.     Married,  in 

1855,  to  Sarah  Richardson  at  Marshall 
Co. ;  they  have  nine  children — Lemuel, 
Elizabeth,  Fryer,  Charlie,  Otis,  Alfred, 
Martha,  Flora  and  Mary;  he  has  held  the 
office  of  Supervisor  one  year ;  also  of  Con- 
stable and  School  Director.  Mr.  Richard- 
son has  a  farm  of  400  acres,  valued  at  $40 
per  acre.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest 
settlers. 

JOHN  WESLEY  SIMPSON, farmer; 
P.  0.  ZookviUe  ;  he  was  born  in  Mus- 
kingum Co.,  Ohio,  in  1820;  in  1852,  he 
removed  to  Tazewell  Co.,  Ill ;  in  1854,  he 
removed  to  Livingston  Co. ;  was  a  renter 
for  two  years,  afterward  buying  where  he 
now  resides ;  has  forty  acres,  valued  at 
$45  per   acre.      In  1850,  he   married  De- 


810 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES ; 


Sec. 
born 
until 


moving 


borah  Simpson ;  she  was  born  in  Licking 
Co..  (3hio,  in  1828  ;  they  have  had  ten 
children,  six  living — Lucy  Ellen,  Mary 
Elizabeth,  Emma  Louisa,  Susanah,  Irena, 
Minnie  ;  he  has  held  the  offices  of  Consta- 
ble eisht,  years,  Road  Commissioner  and 
School  Director,  and  School  Trustee. 

SAMUEL  SIMPSON,  farmer, 
2  ; .  P.  0.  Zookville ;  he  was 
in  Ohio,  in  1826,  where  he  lived 
he  was  22  years  of  age ;  after 
from  one  place  to  another,  he  finally 
settled  in  Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now 
lives,  in  Nebraska  Tp.,  in  1868.  He  mar- 
ried Al media  Butler  in  August,  1868 ; 
she  was  born  in  1838  ;  they  have  one 
child,  born  Dec.  25,  1871 — George  Wes- 
ley, by  name.  He  owns  forty  acres,  worth 
$4U  per  acre.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  war  he  enlisted  in -the  88th  111.  Vols., 
and  was  wounded,  for  which  he  gets  a 
pension  from  the  government  of  S6  a 
month. 

ROBKRT  THOMPSON,  farmer;  P. 
0.  Minonk;  he  was  born  in  1831,  in 
Aberdeen,  Scotland;  1855,  came  to  Amer- 
ica, but  did  not  locate  anywhere  until 
1859,  when  he  located  in  Livingston  Co., 
Nebraska  Tp.,  111.,  where  he  now  resides. 
He  married  Margaret  M.  Jury  Dec.  31, 
1861 ;  she  was  born  in  Devonshire,  En- 
gland, in  1832  ;  they  have  four  children — 
William  Emery,  born  Aug.  3,  1863; 
Mary  Isabelle,  born  April  28, 1865 ;  Walter 
Eraser,  born  May  16,  1868 ;  Albion 
Llewellyn,  born  Nov.  3,  1871.  He  owns 
280  acres  of  land,  valued  at  845  per  acre. 
Has  held  the  office  of  School  Tru.stee,  and 
is  the  present  incumbent  of  the  office  of 
Supervisor.     He  makes  hogs  a  specialty. 


HILLIARD    VANDOREN,    farmer; 
P.  0.  Zooksville;  he  was  born  in  Somerset! 
Co.,  N.  J.,  in  1808;    in  1815,  moved  to^ 
Ohio,  where  he  worked  at  the   carpenter^ 
trade  until   1854,  having  worked   at  thei 
trade  some  thirty  years;  in  1854,  came  to 
Livingston  Co.,  where  he  now  resides.   He 
has  held  the  office  of  Road  Commissioner! 
one  year,  and  of  Supervisor  for  two  years. 
Was    married    in    1832,    to    Miss   Eliza 
Thompson,  in  Warren  Co.,  Ohio;  she  wasj 
born    in     1806;    they   have    had    sever 
children  —  William,       born       Sept.       25,| 
1832;   Elizabeth,  born    April    18,   1835; 
Francis  M.,  born  Dec.  17, 1838  (deceased)  ;l 
H.   R.,  born   April   Hi,   1843;  John  A.,| 
born  Oct.  19,  1845;   Mary,  born  Aug.  16,1 
1848.     Owns  360   acres,  worked  by  twoil 
of  his  sons ;  his  was  the  first  house  built 
in  town,  Sees.  21  and  22. 

SAMUEL   G.   WILCOX,  farmer;   P.i 
0.  Minonk;  born    in    Truxton,    Cortland! 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  in  1824;  he  came  to  Ulinoisl 
in   1838,  to   Princeton,  111.,  where  he  re- 
mained for  twenty   years,  following  farm- 
ing;   1858,  he   came   to   where   he   no^ 
lives,   in    Living-ston    Co.,    Nebraska   Tp. 
He  married  Louisa  M.   Shifflet,   on   May! 
28,  1853;  she  was  born  in  Culpeper   Co.,] 
Va.,  in  1836;  they  have  seven  children — ^1 
William  G.,  born  May  15,  1854;  Charles! 
Lamont,  born   Feb.  3,   1856 ;    Viola   M.,, 
born   Dec.    11,    1859;    Walter  G.,   bom 
March  16,  1862;    Samuel  C,  born  April 
17.  1870;  George  R..  born  May  6,  1876; 
Genevia  M.,  April   17.   1878.     He   owns 
167  acres,  valued  at  .§45  an  acre.    Held  the 
office   of   Assessor  five    years ;    held    the 
office  of  Road  Commissioner  three  years. 


PIKE    TOWNSHIP. 


WILLIAM  BALLINGER,  farmer;  P.  1   Charles  W.,  Elizabeth  C, 
0.  Chenoa.    Reiiublican.    Has  240  acres  of  '  George  Harry,  Edward  J. 
land  on  Sec.  28,  valued  at  §45  per  acre  ;      Mr.  B.  has  a  very  nice  rolling  farm  for  this 
he  was  born  in  Warren  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  2,  ]  county,  and  well-improved  ;  he  is  a  leading 


,  Perry  William,  | 
and  Minnie  May. 


1835,  and  came  to  Peoria  County  in 
1853,  and  to  McLean  County  in  1859, 
and  to  this  place  in  1868.  He  married 
Maria  Runion  in  Knox  Co.,  111.,  Sept.  22, 
1855  ;  she  was  born  in  Highland  Co.,  Ohio, 
Oct.  20,  1837  ;  they  have  six  children — 


farmer  and  an  enterprising  man  ;  he  has 
been  the  architect  of  his  own  fortune; 
from  his  own  industry  and  economy  he 
has  made  this  fine  property,  as  he  com- 
menced with  nothing  but  a  heart  and  a, 
will. 


PIKE  TOWNSHIP. 


811 


JOHN  FINNELL,  faruur;  P.  O. 
Ocoya.  Independent  ;  Catholic.  Has  H2() 
acres  of  land  on  Sections  12  and  1,  valued 
at  $411  per  acre ;  he  was  horn  in  Quec-ns 
Co.,  Ireland,  March  10,  IS'M,  and  came 
to  Peoria,  111.,  in  1S45,  and  to  this  place 
in  March,  1873.  He  married  Annie 
Knowhuiii,  in  Peoria,  May  2,  18G1  ;  she 
was  burn  in  Peoria  County  in  1841  ;  they 
have  seven  children — Michael  Wm.,  Mary 
E.,  diaries  K.,  Martha  E.,  Thomas  H., 
John  F.  and  Maruaret  E.  Mr.  F.  has 
one  of  the  large,  rich  farms  of  the  county, 
and  the  host  residence  in  the  township  ;  he 
commenced  life  with  limite«l  means,  and 
his  great  prosperity  is  due  to  his  hard 
work  and  good  management;  he  is  a  very 
enterprising  man,  and  believes  that  one 
great  idea  of  life  is  enjo^'ment,  and  what- 
ever will  contribute  to  enjoyment  and 
improvement  we  should  have  whenever 
able. 

HENRY  R.  HERR,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chenoa.  Democrat  and  Presbyterian.  He 
was  born  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  Md., 
Sept.  15,  1844,  and  came  to  this  county  in 
1862.  He  married  Maggie  J.  Upp  in 
York,  Penn.,  Dec.  20,  1866;  .she  was 
born  Oct.  1,  1844,  in  York  ;  they  have 
three  children — John,  Fannie  and  Greorge. 
Mr.  Michael  Herr,  uncle  of  Henry  R., 
came  here  in  1853  and  bought  tour  sec- 
tions of  land ;  at  that  time,  only  two  or 
three  dwellings  had  been  built  in  Pike ; 
Henry  R.  came  here  and  bought  one- 
half  a  .sectiun  (one-fourth  on  Sec.  35,  and 
one-fourth  on  Sec.  26)  and  put  on  fine 
improvements  on  the  160  on  Section  35, 
within  tiighty  rods  of  the  corporate  limits 
of  the  city  of  Chenoa ;  he  built  a  residence 
costing  $9,000  ;  with  his  beautiful  grove 
and  surroundings,  it  is  one  of  the  most 
desirable  homes  in  the  county.  3Ir.  H. 
had  the  advantage  of  a  fine  education,  and 
is  a  very  capable  business  man  ;  he  rents 
his  lands  and  spends  his  time  in  doing  his 
uncle's  business,  and  also  does  all  the  con- 
stable business  in  Pike.  Mrs.  Herr  is  a 
lady  of  refinement,  and  their  three  bright, 
intelligent  children  are  receiving  all  the 
cai'e.  and  attention  that  kind  parents  can 
bestow. 

JOHN  HANCOCK,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chenoa.  Republican ;  Presbyterian.  Has 
160  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  25,  valued  at 
$50    i)er  acre ;    he  was  born  in  Franklin 


Co.,  Penn.,  Jan.  13,  1839,  and  came  to 
McLean  Co.  in  1857,  and  to  this  place  in 
1859.  He  married  Rachel  M.  Campbell, 
in  Eppards  Point,  June  2,  1863  ;  she  was 
born  in  Chester  Co.,  Penn.,  July  7,  1844  ; 
they  have  four  chililren — Ida  M.,  Lettie, 
Charles  N.  and  Josephine.  Mr.  H.  has  a 
beautiful  farm  finely  situated,  and  is  one  of 
the  very  prosperous  farmers  of  the  town  ; 
he  is  a  very  reliable  citizen  and  good  neigh- 
bor, and  few  men  of  his  age  have  a  bright- 
er future  before  theiii. 

MAURICE  MONROE,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chenoa.  Republican  ;  Presbyterian.  Has 
eighty-five  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  11,  valued 
at  $45  per  acre  ;  he  was  ben  in  Scotland, 
Oct.  22,  1844,  and  came  to  Illinois  in 
1853,  and  .settled  in  Tazewell  Co.,  and 
came  to  this  jdacc  in  Sprinj:^  of  1870.  He 
married  Jemima  Young,  in  Dec,  1867  ; 
she  was  born  in  Tazewell  Co.,  March, 
1844.  Mr.  M.  came  to  this  country  when  a 
boy,  worked  hard;  got  an  education,  and  is 
the  architect  of  his  own  fortune  ;  he  is  a 
.self-made  man  ;  has  a  good  farm,  a  beau- 
tiful home,  and  is  a  very  intelligent  farmer  ; 
he  is  young,  yet  he  is  a  leading  man  in 
society  and  the  county.  He  was  elected 
Supervisor  of  the  Township  in  Spring  of 
1878,  and  represents  the  interests  of  the 
town  very  honorably. 

JOSEPH  S.  SL  YDAM,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Chenoa.  Republican ;  Presbyterian.  Has 
eighty  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  1 1 ,  valued  at 
$40  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Middlesex 
Co.,  N.  J.,  Feb.  17,  1815,  and  came  to 
Tazewell  Co.  in  1854,  and  to  Marshall  Co. 
in  1862,  and  to  this  place  in  1868.  He 
married  Catharine  De  Graw,  Dec.  13, 
1838,  in  Philadelphia ;  she  was  born  in 
New  Jersey,  Dec.  1815,  and  died  Sept. 
23,1872;  they  have  four  children  living 
— Abraham  D.,  Jane  E.,  Catharine  L., 
John  B.;  lost  three — George  V.,  died  in 
New  Jersey,  1849  ;  Mary  and  Frank  died 
in  Tazewell  Co.  the  same  week  in  1859. 
Mr.  S.  is  an  intelligent  man,  well  informed, 
has  seen  much  of  the  world  and  society,  is 
a  good  farmer,  held  several  ofiices  in  town, 
loves  books  and  the  current  literature  of 
the  day ;  has  a  fine  family  ;  the  decline  of 

'\  life  is  sweetened  with  the  thought  that  the 
world  has  been  made  better  for  his  having 
lived  in  it. 

SILAS   H.   SUTTON,  former ;  P.    0. 

i  Chenoa.    Republican ;  Quaker.     Has  160 

13 


812 


BIOGRAPHICAL    SKETCHES: 


acres  of  land  on  Sec.  25,  valued  at  $50  per 
acre ;  he  was  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y., 
April  3,  1834,  and  came  to  this  place 
May,  1857.  He  married  Mary  Gager, 
Dec.  29,  1865  ;  she  was  born  in  Troy, 
N.  Y.,  Nov.  10.  1847;  they  have  four 
children — Mattie  G.,  Anna  H.,  Jennie  G. 
and  Edwin  A.  Mr.  Sutton  bought  his 
farm  of  Mr.  Leonard  Baker,  the  first  farm 
settled  in  town,  and  the  house  being  the 
first  one  built  in  the  township  ;  it  must 
have  been  built  in  1853  ;  Mr.  Sutton  is 
now  the  oldest  settler  in  Pike  ;  has  one  of 
the  best  farms,  is  a  good  farmer,  has  been 
engaged  for  years  dealing  in  stock  and 
hogs.  Has  been  Supervisor  for  many 
years,  and  also  Treasurer  for  nine  years ; 
he  is  one  of  the  most  capable  business  men, 
and  has  alv/ays  been  a  leading  spirit  in  the 
enterprises  of  the  town. 

THOMAS  SHAFFER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Ocoya.  Kepublican ;  Evangelical.  Has 
240  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  1,  valued  at  $45 
per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Columbia  Co., 
Penn.,  Dec.  26,  1826,  and  came  to  Ste- 
phenson Co.,  March,  1862,  and  tothisplace 
in  1866.  He  married  Elizabeth  Kettner, 
Aug.  7, 1854  ;  she  was  born  in  Clinton 
Co.,  Penn.,  Oct.  18,  1831  ;  they  have  six 
children  living — Henry  J.,  Susanna  C, 
William  F.,  Emanuel  F.,  John  B.  and 
Emma  Jane  ;  Harvey  E.  was  killed  by  the 
running  away  of  a  horse,  in  Feb.,  1873, 
aged  12  years ;  Nina  T.;  died  in  infancy, 
in  1867.  Mr.  S.  is  one  of  the  successful 
farmers  of  the  town  ;  has  one  of  the  best 
farms,  and  knows  how  to  keep  it  so ;  his 
buildings  and  improvements  are  very  good  ; 
he  has  a  family  of  intelligent,  industrious 
and  good  children,  and  all  together  they 
live  to  enjoy  the  good  things  of  this  life. 
as  well  as  of  the  life  to  come. 

PETER  VERCLER,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Chenoa.  Independent  and  Christian. 
Has  240  acres  of  land  on  Sees.  21  and  33, 
valued  at  $50  per  acre;  he  was  born  in 
Lorraine,  France,  April  12, 1827,  and  came 
to  Peoria,  111.,  in  1852,  and  to  this  place 
in  1865.  He  married  Anna  Detweiller,  in 
Peoria,  in  1856  ;  she  was  born  in  Lorraine, 
France,  in  1830  ;  they  have  three  children 
— Cattie,  Andrew  and  Anna.  Mr.  V.  is 
exceptional  in  the  taste  shown  in  improve- 
ments on  his  farm,  his  buildings,  and 
his  orchard;  has  a  fine  grove;  his  farm 
is    one    of  the    best   in    the   county ;    he 


came  to  this  country  with  small  means,  but 
has  been  very  successful  in  his  business 
and  fai'ming;  he  is  very  agreeable  in  his 
manners,  has  good  practical  judgment,  and 
is  a  very  highly  esteemed  citizen  of  the 
town. 

STEPHEN    WOODING,    farmer;  P 
0.  Ocoya.    Republican,  and  his  family  are 
Methodists.   Has  126  acres  of  land  on  Sec 
12,  valued  at  $50  per  acre;  he  was  born 
in  Northampton  Co.,  Eng.,  Feb.  11,  1830. 
and  came  to  Salem,  N.  J.,  in  1851,  and  to 
Fulton  Co.,  111.,  in  1854,  and  to  this  place 
in  1867.     He   married  Sarah  Humphrey, 
of  Fulton    Co.,  March   1,  1862  ;  she  was 
born  in  Indiana,  and  died  Dec.  28,  1873; 
they  had  four  children,  two   living — Benj. 
F.   and    Charles  S.     He   married   for  his 
second  wife  Susana   Cheney  Myer,  widow 
ofM.  H.    Myer,    Oct.  4,   1874;  she   was 
born  in  Alleghany  Co.,  Md.,  July  3,  1837  ; 
she  had  by  her  first  husband  three  children 
—  Eli  B.,  Adelia   and  William  T.  S.  ;  the 
last  two  live  with  their  mother,   Mrs.  W. 
Mr.  W.  is  one  of  those  thoroughly  quiet^ 
unpretending  men  whom  you   must  know 
well  to  appreciate ;  he  has  a  finely  situated 
and    cultivated    farm,  and  is    a   very  sys-j 
tematic  farmer  ;  he  has  a    beautiful  resi-l 
dence,  an  interesting  family,  and  everything 
looks  like  thrift  and  contentment  ;  he  had , 
$2.50  when  he   came  to  this   country,  so- 
what  he  has,  he  has  made  and  saved. 

DAVID  WATSON,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chenoa.  Democrat  and  Christian.  Haa 
eighty  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  6,  valued  at 
$40  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Bennington 
Co.,  Vt.,  Aug.  16,  1806,  and  came  to 
Chautauqua,  Co.,  N.Y.,  in  1833;  to  Brown 
Co.,  Ohio,  in  1839  ;  to  Woodford  Co.  in 
1851 ;  to  Peoria  Co.  in  1866  ;  to  Marshall 
Co.  in  1871,  and  to  this  place  in  1876. 
He  married  Betsey  Briggs  Oct.  6,  1836^ 
she  was  born  in  Massachusetts  Jan.  25, 
1816;  they  have  five  children  living — 
Edwin  B.,  William  L.,  Mary  C,  David 
and  Francis.  Mr.  W.  is  one  of  the  very 
worthy  and  best  of  men ;  has  lived  a  long 
and  eventful  life  ;  has  raised  a  fine,  intelli- 
gent family  of  children,  and  now,  in  the 
sunset  of  life,  he  and  his  kind  companion 
live  to  enjoy  their  society  and  be  a  bless- 
ing to  them.  Wm.  L.  was  born  in  Chau- 
tauqua, N.  Y.,  Sept.  13,  1841.  Was  a 
member  of  the  108th  111.  Vols,  for  three 
years,  from  Woodford  Co.,  and  received  an 


WALDO  TOWNSHIP. 


813 


honorable  discharge.  He  owns  the  farm 
witli  his  fatlier,  and,  1)einir  sinjile,  they 
live  together  ;  he  is  (ine  of  the  most  manly, 
honorable  young  men  you  can  find. 

WILLIAM  WOODING,  farmer;  P. 
O.  Ocuya.  Republican.  Christian.  Has 
134  acres  of  land  on  Sees.  12  and  13, 
valued  at  S50  per  acre  ;  he  was  born  in 
Northampton  Co..  England,  Nov.  17, 
1832,  and  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1851, 
living  in  New  Jersey  until  the  Fall  of 
185G,  when  he  came  to  Fulton  Co.,  111., 
and  in  18G9  he  came  to  this  place.  He 
married  Amanda  Humphrey  in  Fulton  Co., 
Dec.  25,  1859  ;  she  was  born  in  Washing- 


ton Co.,  Ind.,  July  26,  1841  ;  they  have 
three  children — Mary  A..  Lucy  L.  and 
William  H.  ;  Jes.se  di(d  in  infancy.  Will- 
iam H.  Fellingham,  nephew  of  Mrs.  W.,  is 
a  member  of  their  family.  Mr.  W.  had 
barely  means  enough  to  get  to  America, 
and  it  required  much  hard  work  and  many 
self-denials  to  get  a  start ;  but  by  dint  of 
perseverance  he  has  conquered,  and  now 
he  has  a  beautiful  farm  and  residence  and 
other  imprjjvement.s,  rendering  his  home 
one  of  the  best ;  he  is  a  good  farmer, 
thoroughly  honest,  and  is  one  of  the  capa- 
ble men  of  the  town. 


WALDO    TOWNSHIP. 


JAMES  ANDREWS,  Jr.,  farmer, 
Sec.  32  ;  P.  0.  Gridley  ;  born  in  Lincoln- 
shire, town  of  Stamford,  Eng.,  April  15, 
1846 ;  came  to  the  United  States  when 
nine  years  old,  stopping  in  La  Salle  Co.  for 
a  short  time  prior  to  locating  permanently 
in  Waldo  Tp.,  his  present  home,  where  he 
located  in  1862.  Has  eighty  acres  of 
well-improved  land,  valued  at  $45  per 
acre.  Mr.  Andrews  married  Miss  Marga- 
ret Murray  ;  she  was  born  in  Scotland, 
April  22,  1850.  He  has  filled  the  office 
of  School  Director,  and  is  highly  recom- 
mended by  all  who  know  him.  They  are 
the  parents  of  three  children — Mary  J., 
born  March  16,  1873;  Ida  M.,  born  Sept. 
22,  1874  ;  James  G.,  born  Dec.  21,  1877. 

D.  C.  BENEDICT,  farmer,Sec.  27;  P.  0. 
Gridley  ;  was  born  in  Volney,  Oswego  Co., 
N.  Y .,  April  28, 1834  ;  at  theageof  9,  he  re- 
moved with  his  parents  to  Delaware  Co., 
Ohio ;  after  four  years,  he  returned  to  N. 
Y.,  locating  in  Jefferson  Co.  ;  in  1849,  he 
was  apprenticed  with  H.  P.  Pratt,  contract- 
or and  builder,  and  served  three  years ; 
came  to  Illinois  in  1855,  locating  in  Ken- 
dall Co.,  where  he  remained  about  eight 
years,  then  came  into  Livingston  Co.,  lo- 
cating where  he  now  resides  ;  has  engaged 
in  contracting  and  building  quite  ex- 
tensively since  he  came  into  this  county  ; 
he  owns  eighty  acres  of  land,  valued  at 
$45  jier  acre ;  is  Supervisor,  and  a  man  of 
energy   and   industry  and  much  respected 


by  all  who  know  him.  He  married  Miss 
Clarrisa  A.  Sleezer,  Aug.  21,  1853;  she 
was  born  in  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,Nov.  6,  1834. 
They  are  parents  of  five  children — Abra- 
ham D.,  born  April  8,  1856 ;  David  H., 
born  Dec.  21,  1857;  Diademia  E.,  born 
Aug.  22,  1859  ;  Ellsworth  D.,  born  Sept. 
28,  1864  ;  George  J.,  born  Sept.  8,  1868. 

RICHARD  BREESE,  coal  and  stock 
merchant,  Gridley;  was  born  in  Cam- 
bridgeshire, Upwell,  near  Wisbach,  Eng., 
Aug.  26,  1824  :  came  to  United  States  in 
1852,  locating  in  Butler  Co.,  Ohio,  near 
Hamilton,  remaining  there  until  1857  ; 
from  there,  to  Illinois,  where  he  located  in 
Livingston  Co.,  town  of  Waldo,  Sec.  10, 
living  there  eight  years,  then  moving  to 
Sec.  28,  where  he  retained  a  homestead  of 
28t)  acres,  though  carrying  on  business  in 
Gridley  ;  value  of  land,  H5  per  acre.  Mr. 
Breese  married  Miss  Sarah  Flanders,  of 
Wasborn,  Huntingtonshire,  England,  Jan. 
16,  1851;  she  was  born  Oct.  30,  1828. 
Mr.  Breese  has  one  child — Eliza,  born 
Jan.  7,  1848;  she  married  Mr.  Christian 
Nearhauser,  Dec.  19.  1864. 

W.  H.  CORN  WELL,  farmer  and 
stock.  Sec.  1  ;  P.  0.  Gridley ;  the 
subject  of^  this  sketch  was  born  in  Prince- 
ville,  Peoria  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  14,  1844  ;  living 
there  twenty-five  years,  laboring  on  a  i'arm 
and  attending  district  school  until  15  years 
old,  then  entering  the  Academy  at  Prince- 
ville,  attending  two  years  and  one  month, 


814 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


leaving  school  and  enlisting  in  the  war  of 
the  rebellion,  Sept.  25,  18(31,  in  the  11th 
111.  V.  C;  leaving  the  State  March  15, 
1862.  was  engaged  in  several  battles  and 
taken  prisoner  at  the  battle  of  Corinth ;  | 
was  paroled  at  Vicksburg.  Oct.  15,  1862, 
going  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  in  parole 
camp  until  the  March  following,  going  to 
Jacki^on,  Tenn.,  remaining  until  September, 
1863;  .re-enlisted  Dec.  25,  1863;  was 
wounded  and  taken  prisoner,  tasting  the 
sweets  of  Andersonville  for  four  months ; 
discharged  under  a  general  order  from  the 
War  Department,  July  25,1865.  Returned 
home,  where  he  married  Miss  Elizabeth  C. 
Thomson,  of  Peoria,  111.,  Feb.  28,  1867  ; 
she  was  born  Oct.  24,  1 848  ;  then  moving 
to  their  home  in  Livingston  Co.,  Feb. 
22,  1869.  He  owns  320  acres,  valued  at  : 
840  per  acre;  is  Justice  of  the  Peace  for 
the  second  term.  They  have  three  children 
—Albert  W.,  born  Sept.  18,  1868  ;  Lester 
P.,  born  Nov.  24,  1872 ;  Charles  A.,  born  j 
Jan.  27,1877. 

ROBERT  ROBERTS,  farmer.  Sec. 
29  ;  P.  0.  Gridley ;  was  born  in  Tazewell 
Co.,  111.,  March  3,  1846,  living  with  his 
parents  until  21  years  of  age,  attending 
school  Winters  and  farming  the  remainder 
of  the  time ;  he  located  in  Waldo  Tp.  in 
1867,  buying  160  acres  of  land,  now  val- 
ued at  S45  per  acre.  Mr.  Roberts  married 
Miss  Virginia  Watts,  of  Weston,  McLean  \ 
Co.,  Aug.  1873;  she  was  born  1853;  they 
are  the  parents  of  two  children — Charles, 
born  Dec,  1874;  Luther,  born  Oct.,  1876. 

HENRY     E.     SIEBERNS,     general 
merchandise ;      Gridley ;      was     born     iu 
Germany,  March  23,  1825  ;  came    to  this 
country  in    1853 ;  stopping  for  a  time  in 
New    Orleans,  thence  to  Louisville,  Ky.,   ; 
where  he  engaged  at  the  trade  of  cabinet 
making,  which  he  followed  two  years,  after 
which  he  removed  to  Canada.    While  there  >, 
he  married   Miss    Caroline    Niergarth,  of  i 
Germany,  May  28,    1857;  she  was  born 
May  1,  1834.    He  owns  880  acres  of  land, 
well  improved,  and  a  fine  residence ;  he  is 
a  man   of  energy  and   industry,   through 
which  he  has  accumulated  a  large  property ; 
has  held  the  office  of  Town  Clerk  and  Col- 
lector ;  also  Postmaster.   He  has  a  family  of 
nine  children — Juliette  and  Juliana,  born 
Dec.  31,  1858;  Mary  R.,  born  Sept.  22,  | 
1860;  Walter    H.,  born  Aug.  19.   1862; 
Wilhelmine  C,  born  July  3,  1864;  John 


R.,  born  Oct.  21,  1868;  Otto,   born  Feb. 

15,  1872  ;  Carl  D.  E.,born  May  10,  1874; 
Henriette  E.,  born  March  2,  1877. 

A.  L.  SMITH,  farmer  and  stock,  Sees. 
23  and  24 ;  P.  0.  Gridley  ;  he  was  born 
in  Franklin  Co.,  Ohio,  Blarch  27,  1835, 
where  he  lived  until  18  years  of  age,  at- 
tending school  Summer  and  Winter  until 
14  years  old,  afterward  attending  Winters 
only  until  18  years  old  ;  leaving  Ohio,  with 
his  brother  Elias  C.  Smith,  coming  West 
to  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  where  they  hired  by 
the  month.  He  married  Miss  Mary  E. 
Ayres,  of  Somerset  Co.,  Penn  ;  ^he  was 
born  March  27,  1842  ;  soon  after  marriage 
they  moved  to  Livingston  Co.,  where  they 
now  reside,  settling  on  the  wild  prairie 
with  no  means ;  their  old  home  is  deserted 
for  a  more  elaborate  one.  bespeaking 
better  times ;  he  cast  the  first  vote  in 
Waldo  Tp.  election  ;  has  held  the  offices 
of  Justice  of  the  Peace,  Assessor,  Collector, 
Constable,  Highway  Commissioner,  which 
places  he  has  filled  with  honor  to  himself, 
and  is  respected  by  all  who  know  him.  He 
owns  eighty  acres,  valued  at  $45  per  acre ; 
he  once  sold  forty  bushels  of  corn  to  buy  his 
wife  a  calico  dress.  They  are  the  parents 
of  four  children — Lucy  E.,  born    March 

16,  1861  ;  Syrena,  born  Nov.  27,  1863  ; 
Mary  F.,  born  Jan.  7,  1869  ;  Frank  E., 
born  June  29,  1877. 

GEORGE  W.  STOKER,  farmer  and 
stock.  Sec.  32 ;  P.  0.  Gridley ;  born  in 
Mason  Co.,  Ky.,  March  11,  1827,  where 
he  remained  with  his  parents  until  25  years 
of  age,  engaged  in  farming  ;  he  then  went 
to  California,  remaining  only  three  years ; 
his  health  failing,  he  returned  home,  where 
he  remained  only  one  year ;  thence  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  where  he  has  remained  ever 
since,  engaging  in  farming,  and  has  accu- 
mulated a  good  property.  He  married  Miss 
Mary  E.  Jewett,  of  Belfast,  Me.,  May  2, 
1860;  she  was  born  at  Belfast,  Me.,  Nov., 
1833;  they  are  the  parents  of  two  chil- 
dren— George  P.,  born  Aug.  21,  1861 ; 
Mary  B.,  born  May  2,  1863. 

EDSON  WILDER,  faumer  and  stock 
raiser.  Sec.  19;  P.  0.  Gridley;  born  in 
Windham  Co.,  Vt.,  March  13, 1809  ;  living 
there  with  his  parents  and  attending  school 
until  9  years  of  age ;  then  moving  with 
them  to  the  town  of  Washingtonville,  Os- 
wego Co.,  N-  Y,,  where  he  remained  with 
them  until  their  death.  leavin>>'  there  four 


GERMANTOWN  TOWNSHIP. 


815 


years  later  fur  Illinois,  locnting  in  Peoria 
Co.  in  Oct.,  185G,  where  they  lived  until 
May,  18G5 ;  moving  from  Peoria  to  Waldo, 
where  he  purcha.sed  25(5  acres  of  land, 
which  he  has  improved  with  good  build- 
ings and  fine  stock.  Has  been  elected 
Justice  of  the  Peace  several  terms,  and  is 
held  in  high  esteem  by  all  who  know  him. 


He  married  Miss  Susan  Titus  Feb.  9, 
1835  ;  she  was  born  in  the  town  of  Sandy 
Creek,  Oswego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  29, 1811  ; 
they  arc  the  parents  of  four  children — 
Martial  D.  F..  born  iMay  17,  183G  ;  Mal- 
"colm  D.,  born  May  15,  1838;  Edson  L., 
born  Aug.  15.  1840  ;  Mary  A.,bor.i  Nov. 
29,  1848. 


GERMANTOWN    TOWNSHIP. 


NICHOLAS  FROEBE,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth ;  was  born  in  Hesse-Cassel, 
Germany,  May  26,  1826,  and  is  the  son  of 
Christoph  and  Kate  (  Berg )  Froebe  ;  his 
father  was  a  millwright ;  he  entered  a 
factory  owned  by  Philip  Goemble,  to  learn 
a  trade  in  the  manufactory  of  Damcrest ; 
here  he  remained  for  seven  years;  he  was 
drafted  to  serve  in  the  regular  army, 
where  he  remained  for  five  years  ;  in  18-49, 
in  company  Avitli  Amelia  Goemble  and 
mother,  emigrated  to  America  and  landed 
in  New  Orleans,  being  seven  weeks  in 
making  the  trip ;  then  to  Peoria,  via  St. 
Louis  ;  remained  here  two  years ;  settled  in 
Livingston  Co..  January,  1856,  in  Ger- 
mantuwn  Tp.,  on  the  farm  that  he  now 
lives  on ;  purchased  104  acres,  at  $S  per 
acre;  to-day,  owns  184  acres.  Married 
Amelia  C.  Goemble,  of  ( iermany  ;  she  was 
born  March  30,  1835 ;  they  have  six  chil- 
dren. Mr.  Froebe  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  highly  respected  farmers  of  German- 
town  Tp. ;  has  held  the  office  of  Township 
Clerk  for  seven  years,  and  School  Director. 
Is  liberal  in  hir<  politics,  and  a  member  of 
the  Lutheran  Church. 

WM.  PHILIP  GOEMBEL,  ftirmer; 
P.  0.  Chatsworth ;  the  subject  of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  firs:,  settlers  of  Ger- 
mantown  Tp.,  having  made  his  home  here 
Aug.  20,  1856  ;  was  born  in  Hesse-Cassel, 
Germany,  Feb.  20,  1833,  and  is  the  son  of 
Philip  and  Carolina  (Streber)  Goenibel ; 
his  father  was  engaged  very  extensively  in 
the  manufactory  of  Damcrest ;  here  Mr. 
Goembel  was  engaged  in  selling  his  father's 
uoods  ;  he  came  to  America  and  landed  in 
New  Orleans,  thence  to  St.  Louis,  then 
to  Peoria,  engaged  in  selling  goods  manu- 
factured by  his  father,  in  Germany ;  near 


Peoria,  he  set  out  in  farming,  and  remained 
there  until  1856,  when  he  came  to  I^iv- 
ingston  Co.,  and  settled  on  the  farm  that 
he  now  lives  on.  Mr.  Goembel  was  the 
first  Supervisor  of  Germantown  Tp.,  which 
office  he  filled  with  credit  to  himself  and 
to  the  jieople  he  represented,  for  six  years. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  Church, 
and  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  Married  in 
1863,  to  Elizabeth  Schrocn,  of  Germany; 
they  have  eight  children. 

JOHN  LEGGATE.  farmer,  P.  0. 
Melvin,  Ford  Co. ;  was  born  in  Scotland, 
Aug.  25,  1816,  and  is  the  son  of  James 
'  and  Margaret  (Dalgleish )  Leggate ;  his 
father  was  a  weaver  by  trade,  who  died  in 
1837 ;  mother  died  when  he  was  very 
young.  Mr.  Leggate  married  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Fleming  in  1837  ;  in  1849,  with  his 
wife  and  four  children,  emigrated  to  Amer- 
ica and  lauded  in  New  York  City ;  here  he 
remained  for  six  years,  engaged  in  weaving, 
which  trade  he  learned  in  Scotland  ;  he 
then  went  to  Ontario,  Canada  ;  here  he  was 
eugacced  in  the  Summer  months  in  the 
manufacture  of  brick,  and  in  Winter  at  his 
trade  of  weaving  ;  remained  here  two  years; 
then  to  Illinois,  in  1857,  and  settled  in 
Livingston  Co.,  on  the  farm  that  he  now 
lives  on,  having  purchased  eighty  acres 
from  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  Com- 
pany, at  S8  [ler  acre ;  to-day,  he  owns  1 60 
acres.  Squire  Leggate  is  one  of  the  most 
prominent  men  of  Germantown  Tp.  :  has 
held  several  offices  of  trust  ;  is  Justic-e  of 
the  Peace,  which  office  he  has  held  for 
twelve  years.  Is  a  member  of  the  Prisby- 
terian  Church,  and  a  Republican  in  pu'iiics. 
Squire  Leggate  had  two  sons  in  the  l.ite 
war — John,  was  born  in  Scotland,  Sept. 
11,  1841,  enlisted  in  tlie  89th  111.  V.  I., 


816 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES  : 


Co.  D,  for  three,  years  or  dming  the  war ; 
participated  in  some  of  the  hard-fought 
battles;  at  Cliiekaiuauga,  he  was  struck 
five  times  by  flying  bullets  from  the  enemy, 
also  at  Rockyface,  and  Nashville  ;  here,  at 
Nashville,  he  received  a  very^evere  wound 
in  the  wrist,  from  which  he  has  a  crippled 
hand  ;  was  honorably  discharged  ;  now  liv- 
ing in  Chicago,  engaged  in  a  cotton  manu- 
factory, Robert,  was  born  in  Scotland, 
July  23, 1845  ;  enlisted  in  the  89th  111.  Y. 
[.,  Co.  D,  for  three  years  ;  then  in  the  59th, 
in  Texas ;  was  honorably  discharged  ;  re- 
turned home  at  the  end  of  the  war,  and 
now  lives  in  Harrison  Co.,  Iowa. 

ALBERT  B.  MINNERLY,   farmer; 
P.    0.    Chatsworth  ;  the   subject   of  this 
sketch  is  one  of  the  best  known  and  highly 
respected  farmers  of  Livingston  Co. ;  was 
born  in  Canandaigua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.   3, 
1815,  and  is  the  son  of  James  and  Hannah 
fKnapp)  Minnerly  ;  his  father  was  a  farmer 
and  was  born  in  Westchester,  N.  Y.,  May 
6,   1790  ;  came  West    to  Ohio  in  1838, 
then  to  Illinois  in  1854 ;  he  died  of  typhoid 
pneumonia  at   Yan  Orin,  111.,   April    13, 
1876,  being  a  member  of  the  M.  E.  Church ; 
his  mother  is  now  living  in  Mendota    111., 
82  years  of  age.    Mr.  Minnerly  came  West 
with  his  parents,  and  settled  in  Ohio,  then 
to  Illinois  ;  engaged  in  farming  in  Bureau 
Co.,  also  working  at  his  trade,  blacksmith- 
ing,  which  trade  was  learned  in  New  York  ; 
then  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  in  the 
place   he  now  lives    on,  in   the  Spring  of 
1807;  here  Mr.    Minnerly    has  remained 
ever  since  ;  has  held  several  offices  of  pub- 
lic trust  in  Germantown  Tp. ;  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Town  Treasurer  and   Supervisor  of 
Tp..  this  office  for  the  last  five  years;  all 
of  these  offices  he  has  held  with  honor  and 
credit  to  himself  and  to  those  he  has  repre- 
sented.   Has  been  a  strong  Republican  ever 
since  the  organization  of  the  party,  but  of 
late  years  he  has  been  working   very  hard 
for  the  National   Greenback    party,  and  is 
recognized  as  one  of  the  leading    men    of 
this  party  of  Livingston  Co.     Was  married 
Feb.  3,  1841,  to  Miss  Eliza  J.  Cox,  ofYir- 
ginia;  born  in  1812,  and  is  the  daughter 
of  Joseph  Cox  ;  six   children  ;  member  of 
the  TJniversalist  Church,  and  a  hard  worker 
in  the  temperance  movement. 

DANIEL  D.  MOORE,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Cha'sworth  ;  was  born  in  Pulaski  Co., 
Ind.,  Sept.    19,  1849,  and  is  the  son  of  A. 


J.  and  Cathcriue  (Long)  Moore  of  Ohio; 
his  father  was  born  in  Cumberland  Co.,! 
Penn.,  and  a  miller  by  trade;  of  late  years] 
engaged  in  farming;  ^Ir.  Moore  remained' 
with  his  parents  engaged  in  farming  ;  in 
1862  his  father  died  ;  he  then  was  engaged] 
out  as  a  farm  hand,  working  in  Cass  and 
Warren  Cos.,  Ind.  ;  then  came  toBurem 
Co.,  111.,  and  remained  here  for  two  years, 
then  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled  in  Ger- 
mantown Tp.  ;  here  he  purchased  a  farm ; 
owns  a  fine  improved  farm  of  126  acres. 
Married,  in  1870,  to  Miss  Dorcas  Britton, 
of  Pennsylvania.  ISlr.  Moore  is  a  Grcen-j 
hacker  in  politics. 

EDWARD  PHILLIPS,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Melvin,  Ford  Co.,  III.;   the  subject  of  this 
sketch  was  born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  Ill,  Aug. 
1,  1843,  and  is  the  son  of  William   and 
Martha    J.    (Ray)     Phillips,     who  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  La  Salle    Co.j 
having  made  their  home  there  in   1841 
his  father  was  a  farmer  ;  3Ir.   Phillips  was 
raised  on  the  firm  ;  when    he  wa^  but  3 
years  old  his  mother  died,  and  when  6  yeais 
old  his  father  died  ;  he  was  bound   out  to 
his  uncle,  George   Phillips,  and   remained 
with  him  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  late 
war  ;  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Co.    B, 
104th  I.  Y.  I.,  and  participated  in  some  of 
the  most  severe   battles  during  the  war  ; 
was  with  Gen.    Sherman's    march    to   the 
sea  ;  through  the  swamps  of  the  Carolinas 
to  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  grand  review  ; 
was  mustered  out  June,  1865  ;  he  returned 
to  La  Salle  Co.,  and  commenced  farming  ; 
he  then  came  to  Livingston  Co.,  and  settled 
in  Germjlntown  Tp.  in  1867  ;  owns  a  fine 
improved  farm  of  400  acres.     Mr.  Phillips 
married    in    1870,    to   Miss    Malindia  J. 
Graves,  of  111. ;  three   children  ;  has  held 
the  office  of  School  Trustee,  and  is  Green- 
backer  in  politics. 

PHILIPP  RUPPEL,  farmer ;  P.  0. 
Chatsworth  ;  was  born  in  Germany,  Aug. 
5,  1825,  and  is  the  son  of  Ernesi  and 
Annie  E.  (^Gerbracht)  Ruppel,  of  Germany; 
his  father  was  a  carpenter  by  trade,  and 
was  born  March  13, 1803,  and  is  now  living 
in  Germantown  Tp.  ;  mother  was  born 
December,  1797,  and  died  May,  1872. 
Mr.  Ruppel  remained  in  Germany  until  he 
was  25  years  of  age,  engaged  with  his  father 
in  the  carpenter  business  ;  in  1850,  with 
his  father,  mother,  one  brother  and  sister 
emi2;rated  to  America ,  and  landed  in  New 


BROUGHTON   TOWNSHIP. 


817 


York  City,  then  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  thence 
West  to  Tazewell  Co.,  111.  ;  here  they 
purchased  a  farm  and  were  enuaged  in  farm- 
ing in  Tazewell  Co.  about  twelve  years  ; 
then  to  Livingston  Co.  ;  here  Mr.  Kujipel 
first  purchased  eighty  acres,  at  S12  per 
acre  ;  to-day  owns  320  acres  of  fine  im- 
proved land.     Married,  in  1850,   to  Miss 


Elizabeth  Rohrbach,  of  Germany  ;  born 
May  28.  1832,  and  is  the  daughter  of  John 
Rohrbach,  of  Geruiauy ;  both  her  parents 
are  dead  ;  mother  died  when  she  was  82 
years  old  ;  father  died  some  ten  years  ago  ; 
have  had  nine  children,  six  living.     Evan- 


gelical Church. 


;  WILLIAM  EROU^TIITON,^  farmer ;  /  HENRY  JUSTUS,  firmer  ;  P.  0. 
P.  0.  Dwight.  Republican.  /  F|as  960  Dwight.  Republican.  Has  eighty  acres 
acres  of  land,  very  well  improved  ;  he  was  of  land  on  Sec.  17,  valued  at  840  per  acre; 
born  in  Monroe  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  G,  1826  ;      he  was  born  in  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,   Dec 


came  to  Broughton  May  1,  1852,  after 
living  in  Ohio  several  years.  He  married 
Miss  S.  E.  Smart,  in  Medina  Co.,  Ohio, 
Dec.  0,  1849;  she  died  Oct.  20,  18G8. 
They  had  three  children — Alvira,  Arville 
and  P]lmer.  Mr.  B.  came  to  this  Tp. 
three  years  before  any  other  man  ;  has 
worked  hard  to  imjn'ove  his  farm,  has  been 
successful,  and  now   has   some   of  the  best 


9,  1822,  and  came  to  La  Salle  Co.  in  1854, 
and  to  this  place  in  Fall  of  1861  ;  has  two 
children — Alonzo  H.  and  Clarence  E.  Mr. 
J.  is  one  of  a  class  of  men  who  live  for 
the  good  of  living,  not  only  for  himself,  but 
for  others.  He  has  a  beautiful  home  in  a 
beautiful  grove,  and  one  of  the  very  nicest 
of  firms,  and  well  knows  how  to  enjoy  it ; 
he  has    been  a  prosperous  farmer,  and  Is 


lands  and  farms  in  the  town  ;  he   was  the      a  man  universally  esteemed 

^  ^  .  11111  IV  1  mTT    4    TVTVl.^TTC^      O       T   TT^T'T 


first  Supervisor  and  held  the  office  several 
vears,  is  now  and  has  been  for  many  years 
the  Assessor  ;  he  is  an  active  political  man, 
always  being  very  zealous  for  what  he 
thinks  to  be  right.  The  Tp.  was  named 
in  honor  of  him.  He  is  one  of  the  load- 
ing men  in  the  county  ;  he  was  on  the 
lake  for  many  years,  and  for  several  years 
fommandod  the  vessel ;  so  this  is  his  first 
f'arniins;,  and  he  has  succeeded  well. 

ALBERT    HARRIS,    farmer;   P.  0. 
Dwight.   Republican.   Has  eighty  acres  of 
laud  on  Sec.  8,  and  valued  at  $40  per  acre  ; 
he  was  born  in  Jefferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  July 
3,  1838,  and  came  to  La  Salle  Co.,  in  1853 
and  to  this  place   in    1868.     He  milrried 
Laura  Reeder,  daughter  of  Joseph  Reeder, 
Nov.  12,  1861  :  she  was  born. in  Wiscon- 
sin.   Sept.     22,'  1842.     They    have    four 
children— Nora,  Edna  and  Edwin  (^twins ), 
and  Luella.     Mr.  H.  has  a  good  farm,  is  a 
Very  intelligent  man,  and  has  a  very  prom- 
ising familv  of  children.     He  was  in  the 
l(l4th    Illinois    Vols.,  from  La  Salle   Co.  ; 
made  a  good  record  as  a  faithful  soldier  ;  he 
was    with  lien.   Sherman  on  his  march  to 
thcsea,  in  the  Uth  Army  Corps,  and  served 
three  vears. 


THADDEUS  S.  LITTLE,  farmer  and 
carpenter  ;  P.  0.  Dwight.  Republican  ; 
German  Reform.  Has  160  acres  on  Sec. 
6.  valued  at  §35  per  acre  ;  he  was  burn  in 
Adams  Co.,  Penn.,  April  1,  1829,  and 
came  to  Franklin  Co.  in  1838,  and  to  Liv- 
ingston Co.,  111.,  in  1864.  Mr.  L.  has 
never  been  married.  He  worked  at  his 
trade  until  he  came  onto  his  farm  ;  he  bus 
improved  it,  and  now  has  a  good  farm  and 
well  located  ;  Mr.  L.  is  a  good  citizen,  a 
kind  neighbor  and  an  honest  man  ;  his 
great  grandfather  was  born  in  Alsace,  Ger- 
man-France ;  his  German  name  was  Kline  ; 
he  came  to  this  country  very  early ;  his 
grandfather  was  born  here,  and  was  one  of 
the  brave  men  of  the  Revolution,  and  left 
a  proud  record  for  his  children. 

JA]MES  ED.  MORRIS,  farmer  ;  P.  O., 
Dwight.  Republican;  Baptist.  Has  161 
acres  of  land  on  Sec.  6,  valued  at  §40  per 
acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Westbury,  Wilts  Co., 
England,  June  21,  1815,  and  came  to 
Canada  in  1831,  and  to  this  place  in  1858. 
He  married  Charlotte  Carey,  Aug.  22, 
1843;  she  died  June  17,  1852;  they 
hid  four  children— William,  En.  s  Susan 
and    Enoch.     For    his    present    wife,  he 


818 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES: 


married  Mary  Carey,  in  La  Salle  Co.,  Oct. 
J  3,  1854  ;  she  was  born  Aug.  1,  1834  ; 
they  have  eight  children  living — Emma, 
Lydia  A.,  James  E.,  Seth,  John  H,  Sarah, 
Hannah  and  Benjamin.  Mr.  M.  has  been 
here  almost  from  the  first,  and  improved 
his  farm  from  the  raw  prairie ;  he  has  grown 
up  with   the  country,   and  kept  pace  with      destined  not  only  to  shine  as  a  farmer,  but 


they  have  two  children — Arthur,  bor: 
July  6,  1872;  Everett,  born  Oct.  7 
1874.  Mr.  R.  is  a  young  man  of  promise; 
came  here  and  bought  an  old  farm,  one  of 
the  very  best  in  the  town,  and  is  making 
very  valuable  improvements,  and  by  his 
energy  and   advanced    ideas  of  farming  is 


I 


its  improvements  ;  he  has  a  good  farm,  and 
is  a  jiood  farmer ;  he  has  a  large  family  of 


to  miprove  as  a  man. 

AUGUSTUS     ROBINSON,    farmer: 


children  growing  up  to  habits  of  industry      P.  0.  Dwight.      Independent ;   Congrega- 


and  usefulness ;  he  is  a  man   universally 
esteemed. 

ARNOLD  McMILLEN,  farmer;  P. 
O.  Dwight.  Independent.  Has  160  acres 
of  land  on  Sec.  36  ;  he  was  born  in  Fayette 
Co.,  Pennsylvania,  Jan.  26,  1839,  and 
came  to  Bureau  Co.  in  1865,  and  to  this 
place  in  1870.  He  married  Susan  Walker, 
in  1864;  she  was  born  in  Fayette  Co., 
Pennsylvania,  in  1841  ;  they  have  six 
children — IdaB.,  Frank.  Carrie,  Thomas, 
David  A.  and  Jesse  R.  Mr.  McM.  is  one 
of  the  thorough  men  and  farmers  in  the 
town  ;  has  a  fine,  well-improved  farm  and 
knows  how  to  work  it  ;  he  is  one  of  the 
leading  men  ;  has  held  different  offices  in 
town,  and  is  now,  and  has  been  for  a  long 
time,  a  very  competent  Highway  Commis- 
sioner ;  he  has  an  industrious  family  of 
children,  and  desires  to  give  them  a  good, 
practical  education. 

SOREN  OLSON,  former  ;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Republican  ;  Latter  Day  Saints.^  Has  160 
acres  of  land  on  Sec.  22,  valued  at  $45  per 
acre  ;  he  was  born  in  Norway,  Dec.  18, 
1835,  and  came  to  La  Salle  Co.  in  1836, 
and  to  this  place  in  1867.  He  married 
Sophia  Danielson  Dec.  9,  1858;  she  was 
born  in  Norway,  June  25,  1841  ;  they 
have  six  children  living — Charles,  Thomas, 
Sarah  Ann,  Nephi,  Sophia  and  Jacob. 
Mr.  Olson  is  one  of  a  very  few  who  have 
built  a  fine  residence ;  a  nice  barn,  and 
otherwise  made  substantial  improvements  ; 
his  farm  is  one  of  the  best,  and  he  is  one 
of  the  best  and  most  advanced  farmers  in 
town  ;  his  reputation  is  among  the  best  as 
a  reliable  man  and  a  very  useful  citizen. 

CHARLES  H.RAY5I0ND, Jr., farmer; 
P.  0.  Sullivan  Center.  Republican.  Has 
160  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  27.  valued  at 
$40  per  acre ;  he  was  born  in  Kendall  Co. 
April  29.  1849,  and  came  to  this  place  in 
1874.  He  married  Mary  E.  Goodale, 
Oct.   15,    1871 ;  she   was  born  in  1851  ; 


tional.  Has  160  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  30; 
he  was  born  in  La  Salle  Co.,  Oct.  24.  1840,' 
and  came  to  this  place  in  1866.  He  mar-, 
ried  Alice  Hayward,  Jan.  9,  1868;  sh^ 
was  born  Aug.  25,  1842 ;  they  have  four" 
children — William  A.,  Mattie,  Gertrude 
and  Horace  E.  Mr.  R.'s  father  (James 
Robinson),  of  La  Salle  Co.,  came  into  that 
county  from  Ohio,  in  a  very  early  d^iy ; 
his  son  A.  left  the  old  homestead  and  came 
here  when  this  was  a  raw  prairie,  and  has 
made  him  a  fine  farm  and  pleasant  home. 
He  is  the  Treasurer  of  the  township,  ;ind 
is  one  of  the  most  reliable  men  ;  he  is  a 
good  fiarmer,  a  good  neighbor,  and  is  every- 
body's friend,  and  is  thus  deserving. 

JAMES  N.  REKDER,  farmer,  etc.;  P. 
0.  Dwight.  Republican  ;  Congregational- 
ist.  Has  farms  on  Sees.  8  and  7  ;  he  was 
born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Ohio,  Sept.  18, 
1808,  and  came  to  Tazewell  Co.,  III.,  in 
1830,  and  built  the  first  frame  house  in 
Pekin ;  in  1832,  he  moved  to  Lacon, 
Marshall  Co.,  where  he  built  the  first  house 
and  assisted  in  laying  out  the  town  ;  in 
1834,  he  moved  to  La  Salle  Co.  and 
bought  a  claim  on  the  Vermilion  River, 
and  remained  on  it  for  two  years,  when  he 
moved  to  Troy  Grove,  where  he  took  up  a 
farm  and  started  a  blacksmith  shop,  hang- 
ing the  bellows  between  two  trees,  which 
made  the  shop  ;  in  1  866,  he  sold  out  his 
place  and  bought  where  he  now  lives. 
He  married  M.  A.  Johnston  Aug.  S, 
1830  ;  she  died  May  9,  1859  ;  they  had 
seven  children — David  F.,  James  H.,  Su- 
rah M.,  John  J.,  Newton  A.,  J.  W.,  and 
Ella.  He  married  W.  A.  Johnston  31ay 
10,1860;  she  died  Dec.  2,  1866.  He 
married  for  his  present  wife  Mrs.  Sarah 
Wheatley,  April  4,  1867.  Mr.  R.  is  one 
of  the  early  pioneers  of  the  State  as  well 
as  of  the  township  ;  there  were  but  some 
fifteen  families  in  the  township  when  he 
came  ;  he  has  built  some  fifteen  or  twenty 


OWEGO  TOWNSHIP. 


819 


dwellings,  some  of  them  among  the  best  in 
the  township;  he  has  also  iminovod  thir- 
teen farms  in  the  State ;  he  has  always 
been  a  pioneer,  leading  others  into  new 
territory,  rather  than  following  ;  he  could 
do  the  )>reaking,  blacksmithing,  making 
the  cabinet  work,  and  could  build  and  fur- 
nish a  house  ;  he  has  raised,  educated  and 
settled  his  large  family  of  children  in  good 
homes  and  business,  lie  is  a  Deacon  of  the 
Congregational  Church,  and  is  a  very  zeal- 
ous Christian  man,  and  his  influence  for 
good  is  felt  throughout  the  comnmtiity. 
The  son  of  his  present  wife  married  his 
daughter,  so  he  is  step-father  and  father- 
in-law. 

JOSEPH  REEDER,  farmer;  P.  0. 
Dwight.  Republican  ;  Free  Baptist.  Has 
12U  acres  of  land  on  Sec.  8,  valued  at  3-40 
per  acre ;  he  was  born  in  Warren  Co., 
Ohio,  Oct.  30,  1810,  and  moved  into 
Hamiltiin  and  Preble  Cos.,  and  remained 
there  until  1829,  when  he  came  to  Taze- 
well Co.,  near  Pekin  ;  in  1835,  he  moved 
into  La  Salle  Co.  and  improved  a  fine 
farm  ;  in  1840,  he  removed  into  Greene 
Co.,  Wis.,  while  it  was  yet  a  Territory, 
and  improved  a  farm  and  remained  there 
until  1856,  when  he  returned  to  La  Salle 
Co..  where  he  remained  until  1875,  when 
he  came  to  this  place  and  bought  a  very 


fine  farm  and  home.  He  married  IMargaret 
Lindley  July  25,  1835,  in  Pekin  ;  she  was 
born  in  Salem,  Ind.,  in  1816,  and  died  in 
November,  1855  ;  they  have  four  children 
living — Rebecca,  Fanny,  Laura,  and  Ju.se- 
phine.  For  his  second  wife  he  married 
Clarissa  A.  Harris,  in  1859  ;  she  died  in 
1868.  Albert  Harris,  son  of  Mrs.  C.  A. 
Harris,  married  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Reeder, 
so  he  is  step-father  and  father-in-law  by 
two  marriages.  In  November,  1869,  he 
married  the  widow  of  tFie  late  Dr.  A.  Gil- 
bert, of  Homer,  La  Salle  Co.,  for  his 
present  wife.  His  daughter,  Josephine, 
married  C.  H.  Gilbert,  Esq.  (son  of  Dr. 
Gilbert),  so  he  is  step-son  and  son-in-law. 
Mr.  R.  has  seen  very  much  of  border  pio- 
neer life,  coming  into  the  State  among  the 
very  first ;  in  1832,  he  w:is  in  the  Black 
Hawk  war,  and  participated  in  one  serious 
engagement ;  his  pioneer  history  would  of 
itself  make  an  interesting  book  ;  he  has  a 
fine  farm  and  a  beautiful  home  ;  has  been 
a  very  successful  farmer  and  a  liberal  sup- 
porter of  benevolent  institutions  and  insti- 
tutions of  learning,  and  is  just  such  a  man 
as  the  world  needs  more  of;  he  is  perfectly 
happy  ,  because  he  is  perfectly  contented  ; 
he  and  his  amiable  wife  are  enjoying  the 
fruits  I  if  their  labor,  surrounded  by  their 
children  and  friends. 


OWEGO    TOWNSHIP. 


JOHN  W.  BENHAM,  farmer  and 
stock  raiser  ;  P.  0.  Pontiac ;  was  born  in 
Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  Oct.  10,  1824;  when 
about  6  years  old,  he  came,  with  his  par- 
ents, to  Sangamon  Co.,  111.,  where  bis 
parents  still  reside ;  he  lived  there  until 
June,  1848,  returning  to  Vermont,  where 
he  remained  until  Oct.,  1849  ;  he  then 
went  to  California,  via  the  Isthmus,  spend- 
ing about  four  months  in  Panama,  and 
taking  a  Glasgow  packet ;  he  was  fifty-three 
days  making  the  trip  to  San  Francisco ; 
he  sjient  two  years  in  mining,  with  good 
success,  and  then  returned  to  Vermont, 
whence  he  came  again  to  Illinois,  in  1852  ; 
in  1855,  be  went  with  a  surveying  party 
to  Kansas,  to  survey  the  boundary  line  be- 


tween that  State  and  Nebraska.  He  was 
married  March  31,  1856,  to  Mrs.  Melissa 
E.  Porter,  daughter  of  Heman  Converse, 
of  Addison,  Vt.;  they  have  one  daughter 
— Genora  E.  He  settled  in  Living: ston 
Co.  in  1856,  buying  eighty  acres  of  land, 
where  he  still  resides ;  he  now  owns  300 
acres  of  land,  valued  at  SI 5.000;  he  also 
owns  business  property  and  a  dwelling  in 
Pontiac,  valued  at  $10,000.  He  served 
two  terms  as  member  of  the  Board  of  Su- 
pervisors and  twelve  years  as  Commissioner 
of  Highways;  he  is  a  strictly  temperate 
man,  and  has  accumulated  his  wealth  by  a 
course  of  indu.'itry  and  economy. 

JACOB  PFAU,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell, 
was  born    in    Germany  Sept.  27,   1829  i 


820 


BIOGRAPHICAL   SKETCHES; 


came  to  this  country  in  1853,  and  settled 
in  Ohio ;  he  removed  from  there  to  Piano, 
111.,  and  from  there  to  Owego,  where  he 
now  resides;  he  owns  200  acres  of  land, 
valued  at  $8,000.  He  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Myer ;  she  was  born  in  Germany 


March  11,  1833;  they  have  had  twelve 
children,  viz.:  John  J.,  Anna  E.,  Frederick 
William,  Carrie  J.,  Albert  E.,  Mary  A., 
Emma  L.,  George  H.,  M^  lissa  E.,  Hattie 
B.,  Ernest  S.  and  an  infant. 


PLEASANT    RIDGE    TOWNSHIP. 


LOUIS  HOLLOWAY,  farmer  ;  P.  0. 
Forrest;  was  born  in  Hamilton  Co.,  Ohio, 
May  17, 1838  ;  his  father  died  when  Louis 
was  a  lad  of  but  9  years;  in  1855,  he 
moved  to  Illinois,  and  settled  in  La  Salle 
Co.,  near  Ottawa ;  here  he  engaged  for 
several  years  at  brick-laying  and  plastering. 
Jan.  8,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  an  inde- 
pendent company  of  cavalry  that  was  at- 
tached to  the  53d  I.  V.  I.  ;  he  remained  in 
the  service  until  Feb.  19,  1863,  when  he 
was  discharged  on  account  of  injuries  re- 
ceived on  the  25th  of  Sept.,  1862  ;  he  par- 
ticipated with  the  regiment  in  the  hard- 
fought  battle   of  Pittsburg    Landing,  and 


was  present  at  the  second  attack  on  Corinth, 
Miss.  In  18G8,  he  came  to  Livingston  Co., 
and  purchased  80  acres  of  land ;  this  he 
improved  and  still  owns.  He  was  married 
in  1858  to  Miss  Mary  A.  Brundage,  a 
native  of  Pennsylvania  ;  has  six  children — 
Oscar  A.,  Clarence  M.,  Alice,  Ida  J.,  Harry 
and  an  infimt  son.  Republican  ;  Advent- 
ist.  Has  held  the  office  of  Road  Commis- 
sioner six  years ;  that  of  School  Director 
for  the  past  ten  years  ;  was  elected  Justice 
of  the  Peace  in  the  Springof  1876,  and  re- 
elected to  the  same  office  in  the  Spring  of 
1877.  Now  owns  120  acres  of  land,  and 
is  a  very  successful  farmer. 


DRAINAGE. 


[This  subject  is  of  such  importance  to  the  citizens  of  Livingston  County, 
tliat  we  insert  a  few  extracts  from  articles  written  by  H.  W.  S.  Clevehmd,  Esq., 
landscape  gardener,  Chicago.] 

Very  few  people  whose  interests  are  not  directly  connected  with  agriculture  or  its  products 
have  any  realizing  sense  of  the  effect  of  a  wet  or  dry  season  upon  the  aggregate  wealth  of  the 
region  in  which  it  prevails.  The  continued  rains  of  the  past  season,  in  retarding  the  labors  of 
cultivation  and  diminishing  the  })roducts  of  a  single  crop,  may  serve  to  open  their  eyes  to  the 
importance  of  the  subject. 

No  one  who  has  examined  the  subject  will  hesitate  to  give  his  assent  to  the  proposition  that 
a  thorough  system  of  underdrainage  throughout   the  State  would  not  only  more  than  double  its 
present  productive  power,  but  would  give  us  at  all  seasons  the  inestimable  benefit  of  firm  and 
dr3'   roads.     A    little   reflection,   however,   will    i-ender    it    manifest   that    legislative   action    is 
essential  before  any  extende<l   system  of  road  drainage  can  be  inaugurated.     In  the  vicinity  of 
rivers,  or  in  an  uneven  country  where  it  is  easy  to  find  an  outlet  within  a  short  distance  of  the 
land  it  is  desired  to  drain,  there  may  be  little  difficulty  for  individual  proprietors  in  draining 
any  portion  of  their  farms,  though  even  in   such  cases  it  is  by  no  means  uncommon  that  a  por- 
tion of  the  lowest  and  wettest  land,  which  must  of  necessity  be  first  drained,  may  lie  within  the 
boundaries  of  another  proprietor,  who  is  unable  or  unwilling  to  incur  the  expense  of  drainage, 
and  thus  renders  it  impossible  for  his   more  enterprising  neighbor  to  do  so.     Of  course  the 
danger  that  such  an  obstacle  may  be  encountered   becomes   greater  in   proportion  to  the  size  of 
the  area.     If  a  township  or  a  county  desires  to  inaugurate  a  system  of  drainage  for  the  benefit 
of  the  residents  within  its  borders,  it  may  find  its  efforts  defeated  by  the  unwillingness  of  its 
next  neighbors  below.     In  short,  it  is  as  idle  for  a  single  town  or  county  to  attempt  a  thorough 
system  of  drainage  without  general  co- operation  as  it  would   be  for  a  single  block  in  a  city  to 
undertake  to   manage  its  own  sewerage.     There  is  but  one  way  in  which  it  can  be  done.     The 
.'^tate  must  be  divided  into  drainage  districts,  the  boundaries  of  which  are  fixed  by  the  natural 
water-shed,  without  regard  to  county  or  township  lines.     Each  district  should  then  be  placed  in 
charge  of  competent  engineers,  who  should  be  independent  of  town  and   county  officers,  and 
who  should  ascertain  by  actual  survey  the  lines  of  lowest  levels  and  prepare  a  design  based 
upon  these  data,  and  showing  the  most  effective  and  economical  system  by  which  the  thorough 
drainage  of  the  whole  could  be  secured.     The  work  of  roa<l  drainage  of  such  vast  areas  of  level 
country  as  are  comprised  within  the  State  of  Illinois  demands  the  exercise  of  too  much  scientific 
knowledge  and   engineering  skill   to  be  intrusted  to  the  local  commissioners  of  the  different 
counties.     It  should  be  controlled  and  directed  by  a  special  department,  the  head  of  which 
should  be  a  man  possessing  the  highest  avnilalde  engineering  talent.  Wherever  the  nature  of  the 
ground  rendered  it  possible,  the  pipes  which  drained  the  highways  should  constitute  the  mains 
into  which  the  farm  drains  could  be  conducted,  and  they  should,  therefore,  be  of  sufficient  size 
te  meet  all  possible  demands  of  the  kind.     With  proper  underdrainage,  the  roads  might  every- 
where be  kept   in   good  condition  at  all  seasons.     The  best  mode  of  accomplishing  this  would 
doubtless  be  by  means  of  a  drain  on  each  siile  of  the  road.     But  a  single  drain  under  the  center 
would  prevent  the  possibility  of  its  ever  becoming  sufficiently  nuiddy  to  cause  serious  obstruc- 
tion of  travel.  , 


822  DRAINAGE. 

It  is  obvious  that  such  a  system  as  I  have  suggested  involves  the  necessity  of  legislative 
action,  and  the  enactment  of  laws  adapted  to  the  special  requirements  of  its  execution.  In  fact, 
an  amendment  of  the  Constitution  is  necessary  before  the  first  steps  can  be  taken  toward  its 
accomplishment  f)y  the  General  Assembly. 

I  propose  now  to  set  forth,  in  as  few  words  as  possible,  some  of  the  essential  facts  in  regard 
to  the  practice  of  drainage,  which  every  man  should  bear  in  mind  who  undertakes  it.  Open 
ditches  m&j  be,  and  often  are,  necessary  auxiliaries  to  a  system  of  underdrainage,  and  especially 
in  a  very  level  country,  where,  in  many  cases,  the  final  outlet  may  be  at  a  great  distance  from 
the  field  or  farm  which  is  to  be  underdrained,  or  where  the  accumulated  water-shed  of  a  large 
area  is  too  large  to  be  contained  in  tiles. 

When  it  is  found  necessary  to  construct  them,  they  should  always  be  made  with  sloping  sides> 
and  the  most  natural  slope  is  the  one  which  is  most  likely  to  be  permanent  and  this  is  found  to  be 
at  an  angle  of  about  thirty-four  degrees  with  the  horizon. 

Tiles  must  be  large  enough  to  carry  off  all  the  water  which  may  come  suddenly  in  a 
storm  or  by  the  melting  of  snow,  so  that  there  may  be  no  surface  washing.  The  main  must  be 
large  enough  for  any  possible  demand  :  and  in  determining  its  size,  the  possibility  of  future 
extension  should  always  be  borne  in  mind.  * 

The  capacity  of  pipes,  however,  increases  in  the  ratio  of  the  squares  of  their  diameters.  A  two- 
inch  pipe  carries  four  inches  of  water,  but  a  four-inch  pipe  carries  sixteen  inches,  or  just  four 
times  instead  of  twice  as  much  as  a  two-inch.  In  draining  extensive  marshes  or  swamps,  it  may 
be  necessary  to  use  tile  of  very  large  dimensions  ;  but  in  the  ordinary  sloughs  which  are  found  on 
the  prairie  farms,  a  four  or  six  inch  pipe  will  suffice  for  the  main,  and  nothing  whatever  is  gained 
\>y  using  tiles  of  a  larger  size  than  is  necessary,  while  the  cost  is  very  much  greater.  A  good 
deal  of  misapprehension  prevails  on  this  subject,  owing  to  the  disappointment  of  those  who  had 
first  used  pipe  that  was  too  small,  and  were  then  ready  to  go  to  the  opposite  extreme. 

A  letter  now  lies  before  me  from  a  zealous  advocate  of  drainage,  who  says  that  "large  tiles 
are  the  best,  for  they  are  not  so  apt  to  fill  up,  and  then  they  take  the  water  oif  so  much  faster. 
The  larger  the  body  of  water  in  the  tile,  the  cleaner  it  will  keep  it." 

There  are  fallacies  in  this  argument  of  which  the  writer  will  become  convinced  by  further  ex- 
perience, for  his  knowledge  of  tile  draining  has  been  gained  within  a  year.  His  last  statement  is 
doubtless  correct,  but  the  body  of  water  cannot  be  increased  by  the  use  of  larger  tile,  and  its  liabil- 
ity to  deposit  silt  is  increased  just  in  proportion  as  it  becomes  shallow  in  the  pipe.  Moreover,  if  it 
deposits  silt  or  sand  at  all,  it  is  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  pipe  shall  become  choked,  and 
the  largest  pipe  will  be  insufficient  to  withstand  a  constant  influx  for  any  great  length  of  time. 
If,  at  any  season,  the  amount  of  water  is  larger  than  the  pipes  can  carry  off,  it  is  obvious  that 
they  are  not  large  enough  ;  but  when  there  is  no  sign  of  an  overflow,  and  the  first  rush  of  water 
speedily  subsides  after  a  hard  rain,  there  can  be  no  object  in  using  larger  pipe. 

"The  size  of  the  mains  should  be  sufficient  to  convey,  with  such  fall  as  is  attainable,  the 
greatest  quantity  of  water  that  may  ever  be  expected  to  reach  them.  Beyond  this,  an  increase  of 
size  is  rather  a  disadvantage  than  otherwise,  because  a  small  flow  of  water  runs  with  more  velocity 
when  compressed  into  a  narrow  channel  than  when  broadly  spread,  and  so  has  more  power  to 
force  its  way  and  carry  before  it  obstructing  substances." — French's  Farm  Drainage,  page  192. 
Exact  form  and  even  surface  are  of  ftir  greater  imjiortance  than  is  usually  supposed  to  pre- 
vent friction  and  facilitate  the  flow  of  water.  The  tiles  should  be  straight,  even,  smooth  and 
hard  burnt.  The  latter  point,  and  the  iipportance  of  having  them  made  of  good  material  can- 
not be  too  strongly  v.rged,  because  farmers  are  liable  to  be  tempted  to  buy  tiles  on  account  of  their 
low  price,  which  prove  a  ruinous  investment,  crumbling  and  falling  to  pieces  after  a  little  time, 
and  rendering  the  whole  outlay  useless. 

I  have  witnessed  so  much  vexation  and  annoyance  from  this  cause  that  I  can  hardly  find 
words  to  express  my  sense  of  the  importance  of  making  sure  that  only  the  best  of  clay  is  used 
and  that  the  tiles  are  thoroughly  burnt. 

Drains  are  liable  to  fail  from  other  causes.  Unless  the  outlet  is  carefully  guarded,  it  is 
always  in  danger  of  injury  from  the  treading  of  cattle  and  the  pranks  of  boys  ;  and  on  this 
account  the  outlets  should  be  limited  to  the  smallest  possible  number,  and  in  every  case  should 


r 


DRAINAGE 


828 


be  protected  by  a  strong  and  durable  inclosure  of  plank  or  stone,  and  a  net-work  of  wire,  to 
prevent  the  entrance  of  mite,  moles,  frogs,  snakes  and  other  vermin,  which  are  sure  to  seek  a 
harbor  in  them  if  left  open. 

The  general  topography  and  character  of  the  soil  of  the  prairies  is  so  much  alike,  that  for 
the  greater  portion  of  the  farms  in  Illinois  the  rules  for  drainage  are  identical.  Almost  every 
farm  is  intersected  more  or  less  by  low,  wet  tracts,  known  as  sloughs,  the  intervening  uplands 
being  generally  only  gentle  elevations,  and  rarely  obtaining  the  dignity  of  hills.  The  sub-soil  is 
generally  clay,  which  is  not  unfrequently  compressed  into  ••  hard-pan."  which  is  nearly  imper- 
vious to  water,  but  speedily  becomes  ameliorated  by  drainage,  which  necessarily  causes  alternate 
distention  and  shrinkage,  and  after  a  time  works  a  complete  change  in  its  character.  The 
sloughs,  except  during  the  heats  of  Summer,  are  impassable  beds  of  mire,  and  are  incapable  of 
cultivation  ;  but  when  drained,  become  at  once  the  richest  portion  of  the  farm. 

It  is  in  the  sloughs,  of  course,  that  the  main  drains  must  be  laid,  beginning  at  the  outlet, 
or  lowest  point,  and  working  upward,  preserving  always  the  longest  possible  stretches  of  straight 
lines,  and  making  angles,  or  curves,  only  where  it  is  absolutely  necessary. 

And  it  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  these  mains  should,  from  the  outset,  be  large 
enough  to  carry  all  the  water  that  may  be  brought  to  them  by  side  drains  or  by  future  extension. 

Comparatively  few  farmers  have  yet  extended  their  lines  of  tiles  beyond  the  sloughs  and 
wet  grounds  which  demand  immediate  attention.  They  follow  the  course  of  the  slough  from  the 
outlet  to  the  head,  or  to  the  highest  point  within  tiieir  own  bounds,  laying  a  four,  six  or  eight- 
inch  tile  for  a  main,  and  then  connecting  any  outlying  pools  or  wet  places  with  it  by  a  lateral 
or  smaller  size.  The  day  is  not  distant,  however,  when  the  beneficial  effect  of  drainage  of 
uplands  will  be  as  universally  acknowledged  as  that  of  the  sloughs  has  already  become. 

The  effect  of  drains  in  ameliorating  the  soil  and  preserving  an  equal  degree  of  moisture,  by 
means  of  the  ventilation  they  afford,  is  but  imperfectly  comprehended  by  the  mass  of  farmers, 
who  think  only  of  the  necessity  of  removing  standing  water.  They  think  it  unnecessary  to 
provide  artificial  means  for  removing  the  water  when  it  is  not  seen  to  stand  upon  the  surface ; 
but  in  reality,  it  (in  the  great  majority  of  cases)  is  held  in  the  soil  to  such  an  extent  as  to  be 
greatly  injurious  to  the  growing  crops.  If  drain  tile  are  lai.l  at  intervals  of  forty  or  fifty  feet, 
the  effect  will  be  that  the  water  from  heavy  rains  will  speedily  pass  off,  and  the  soil,  instead  of 
remaining  soggy  and  dead,  will  become  friable  and  easy  to  cultivate :  and  as  the  water  runs  off, 
its  place  is  supplied  by  air.  which  keeps  it  light  and  porous,  and  in  times  of  drought  imparts  to 
it  the  moisture  with  which,  even  in  the  driest  times,  it  is  laden,  and  thus  prevents  it  ever 
becoming  baked  in  clods,  as  clay  land  is  sure  to  do  if  undrained.  The  most  obstinate  clays  are 
so  affected  by  drainage  that  they  crack  and  crumble,  and  become  annually  more  loose  and 

friable. 

The  distance  at  which  drains  should  be  laid  from  each  other  depends  greatly  upon  the 
nature  of  the  soil.  In  a  porous  soil,  the  deeper  the  drain  is  laid  the  farther  it  will  draw ;  but 
clay  soils  cannot  be  thoroughly  drained  unless  the  drains  are  within  twenty  or  thirty  feet  of 
each  other,  however  deep  they  may  be  laid  ;  and  in  any  case,  the  further  the  water  has  to  pass 
through  soil  to  reach  the  drain,  the  longer  it  will  be  in  doing  it. 

Probably  few  farms  in  Illinois  would  now  pay  for  laying  drains  on  the  uplands  at  less  dis- 
tances than  one  hundred  feet:  yet  I  venture  the  prediction  that  no  man  who  tries  the  experiment 
of  laying  them  at  that  distance,  in  the  ordinary  soil  of  the  prairies,  will  rest  satisfied  till  he  has 
introduced  another  midway  between  every  two  of  those  that  were  first  laid. 

In  regard  to  the  depth  of  drains,  three  feet  is  the  least  that  .should  ever  be  a.lmitted.  and 
no  man  who  has  tried  three  and  a  half  or  four  feet  will  ever  stop  at  less  without  a  feeling  of 
self-reproach.  But  in  some  cases,  the  depth  must  necessarily  be  governed  by  the  amount  of 
fall.  The  first  point  to  ascertain  is  the  lowest  point  at  which  an  outlet  can  be  secured  without 
risk  of  back-water  by  the  rising  of  the  stream  or  pond  into  which  it  empties  ;  for  it  is  obvious 
that  the  grade  of  all  the  drains  must  be  dependent  on  this,  and  the  folly  of  attempting  to  arrange 
any  portion  till  this  is  established  is  plain. 

A  fall  of  three  inches  in  one  hundred  feet,  or  half  an  inch  to  a  rod,  will  suffice  for  perfect 
drainage :  but  in  all  cases  of  slight  fall,  it  is  of  vital  importance  that  the  drains  be  straight  and 


824 


D?tAINAGE. 


smooth.  It  is  desirable  to  preserve  as  even  a  grade  as  possible,  and  it  is  of  essential  importance 
that  no  hollows  should  ever  occur  v^here  the  water  would  stand  if  not  pushed  on  by  that  which 
follows  ■  for  in  every  such  instance  it  will  flow  out  of  the  joints  instead  of  in,  and  will  speedily 
become  choked  by  silt,  which  is  sure  to  be  deposited  in  such  places.  The  mains  should  be  from 
three  to  six  inches  lower  than  the  laterals,  so  that  the  latter  may  never  have  the  water  set  back 
by  standing  water  in  the  main. 

All  writers  ao-ree  that  it  is  best  to  have  as  few  outlets  as  possible.  "  Every  where  else  the 
work  is  protected  by  the  earth  above  it,  but  at  the  outlet  it  is  exposed  to  the  action  of  frost,  the 
treading  of  cattle,  the  mischiefs  of  boys,'  and  the  entry  of  reptiles,  as  well  as  the  accumulation  of 
deposits  brought  down  by  the  drains  themselves."  Iron  pipes  set  in  masonry,  with  swing  gates, 
are  the  proper  finish  for  important  outlets,  and  it  is  obviously  desirable  that  they  should  be  as 
few  in  number  as  possible. 

The  following  table  may  be  found  convenient  for  reference,  by  those  who  are  considering  the  | 
subject  of  drainage.  It  shows  the  number  of  gallons  which  pipes  of  diiferent  size  will  deliver! 
per  minute,  according  to  the  rate  of  fall : 


GALLONS  DISCHARGED   PER   MINUTE. 


SIZE  OF  PIPE. 

1}4  in.  fall  per 
100  feet. 

.3  in.   fall   per 

100  feet. 

6  in.  fall  per 
100  feet. 

9  in.    fall   per 
100  feet. 

a. 

.ss 

18  in.  fall  per 
100  feet. 

1 

2  feet  fall  per 
100  feet. 

P. 
CO 

0    \r\nlnf*H •> 

9 

21 

36 

84 

232 

470 

830 

1,300 

1,760 

13 

30 

52 

120 

330 

680 

1,180 

1,850 

2,450 

19 

42 

76 

169 

470 

960 

1,680 

2,630 

3,450 

23 

52 

92 

206 

570 

1,160 

2,040 

3,200 

4  180 

27 

60 

108 

240 

660 

1,360 

2,870 

3,740 

4,860 

33 

74 

132 

294 

810 

1,670 

2,920 

4,600 

5,980 

37 

85 

148 

338 

930 

1,920 

3,340 

5,270 

6,850 

46 

Q    inpl-ipc               

104^ 

184' 

f\    inf*ViPS          

414 

(i    in o\^ <*s              

1,140 

2,350 

4,100 

6,470 

20  inches 

8,410 

No  tiles  have  been  used  long  enough  in  the  United  States  to  test  the  question  of  how  long 
they  will  last ;  and  in  England,  the  only  result  that  has  been  reached  is,  that  it  properly  made 
and  of  the  best  material,  and  properly  laid,  they  constitute  a  permanent  improvement.  It  is 
important,  however,  that  the  farmers  should  fully  appreciate  the  fact  that  the  tiles  should  be 
made  of  the  best  potters'  clay,  unmixed  with  any  inferior  material,  and  thoroughly  baked. 
"  The  value  of  tiles,"  says  Klippart,  "  depends  upon  the  quality  of  the  clay  and  the  perfection 
of  the  burning;"  and  he  relates  a  case  in  France,  where  drain  tiles  made  from  potters'  clay 
were  found  in  a  good  state  of  preservation,  after  being  laid  340  years.  Tiles  which  are  manu- 
factured of  inferior  clay,  or  common  clay  mixed  with  a  portion  of  better  quality— which  is  not 
an  uncommon  practice  with  some  manufacturers— are  not  only  less  durable  and  more  likely  to 
crumble,  but,  owing  to  the  roughness  of  the  interior  surface,  are  much  more  liable  to  become 
clogged  than  those  made  of  potters'  clay. 

The  almost  inexhaustible  supply  of  the  very  best  quality  of  clay  at  Whitehall,  in  this  State, 
has  led  to  the  establishment  there  of  numerous  and  very  extensive  manufactories  of  stoneware, 
roofing  and  drain  tiles,  fire  brick,  etc.,  situated  immediately  on  the  line  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  and  thus  rendered  easily  accessible  from  all  parts  of  the  State.  There  are  also  exten- 
sive manufactories  at  Joliet  and  elsewhere.  Demand  will  create  increased  supply,  and  competi- 
tion will  tend  to  improvement  on  the  part  of  honest  manufacturers,  and  also  to  the  multiplication 
of  shams  on  the  part  of  those  who  would  undersell  them.  With  proper  exercise  of  judgment  it 
is  not  difficult  for  the  farmer  to  distinguish  between  them.  It  should  always  be  borne  in  mind 
that  men  who  have  attained  a  high  reputation  for  the  excellence  of  their  manufactures  have  a 
great  deal  more  at  risk  from  deterioration  than  the  mere  capital  invested  in  their  machinery. 


DIRECTORY   OF  TAX-PAYERS: 


^BBRE^VIJ^.TIONS. 


Adv Adventist 

agt agent 

Bapt Baptist 

bkpr bookkeeper 

bwr brewer 

brklayr bricklayer 

carp..'. carpenter 

Cath Catholic 

c'k clerk 

Ch Church 

Co Company  or  County 

com.  mer commission  merchant 

Cong Congregational 

Dem Democrat 

dir dealer 

dgst druggist 

Episcopal Episcopal 

Evang ETangeliet 

Ind Independent 

I.  V.  I Illinois  Volunteer  Infantry 

I.  V.  C Illinois  Volunteer  Cavalry 

I.  V.  A Illinois  Volunteer  Artillery 

far farmer 


fdry foundry 

gro grocer 

lab laborer 

Jleth Methodist 

mfr manufacturer 

mach machinist 

mkr maker 

mech mechanic 

mer merchant 

min minister 

phot photographer 

phys physician 

Presb Presbyterian 

pr printer 

ptr painter 

prop proprietor 

Rep Republican 

Rev Reverend 

sec section  or  secretary 

slsmn salesman 

Spir Spiritualist 

siipt superintendent 

treas treasurer 


PONTIAC    CITY. 


Alles,  Fred.  L.,  editor  and    proprietor 

Pontiae  Sentinel. 
Atterberry,  Jas.  C.,  Station  Agent  Padu- 

cah  Junction. 
Anient,  Cj  rus  W.,  land  dealer. 
Anient,  William  T.,  lawyer. 
Anderson,  John  J.,  plasterer. 
Aerl,  Robert,  live-stock  dealer. 
Adams,  Mrs.  Helen,  Postmistress. 
Avery,  O.  F.,  DeT)uty  County  Clerk. 
Anable,  Samuel  ,J.,  clerk. 
Atwood,  A.  D.,  carpenter. 
Agen,  John,  Laborer. 
Allen,  H.  A.,  foundryman. 
Bigelow,  L.  H.,  carpenter. 
Bigelow,  Charles  L.,  carpenter. 
Burgess,  Thomas,  laborer. 
Blackmore,  Henry,  livery  and  feed  stable. 
Boulter  &  Wyman,  livery  and  feed  stable. 
Babcock,  llutus  W.,  C  &  A.  Station  Agt. 
Babcock,  Judson  AV.,  groceries. 
Babcock,  H.  ().,  dlr.  in  agricu'l  implem'ts. 
BalK'Ock,  Albert  J...  groceries. 
Barton,  William,  laborer. 
Barton,  Jose])h  L.,  barber. 
Bay,  (ieorge  W.,  carpenter. 
Bay,  Wm.  C,  house  and  sign  painter. 
Bond,  F.  H.,  shoemaker. 
Black,  John,  groceries. 
Brunei",  John  W.,  capitalist. 


Bruner,  William  H.,  groceries. 

Brewer,  F.  M.,  laborer. 

Brucker,  Francis,  dry  goods. 

Brucker,  Adolph,  dry  goods. 

Beach,  George  R.,  dry  goods. 

Beach  Brothers,  dry  goods. 

Bradshaw,  John,  laborer. 

Brower,  Arlineus,  retired  farmer.      ^ 

lirow-er,  Martin  I.,  lawyer  and  J.  P. 

Burke,  William,  liquor  dealer. 

Bruckner,  John,  janitor  school  house. 

Bennett,  Havilla  S.,  express  agent. 

Barney,  Benjamin  F.,  tinner. 

I^rittou,  Robert,  laborer. 

Berry,  William  W.,  liquor  dealer. 

Borg,  Cris  M.,  house  and  sign  painter. 

Bourland,  O.  P.,  Cash.  Nat.  Bank  Pontiae. 

Bawdeii,  Tliomas,  foundryman. 

Bilger,  B.  F.,  cigar  maker. 

Bates.  D.  S.,  portrait  i)ainter. 

Bruce,  F.  M.,  drayman. 

Burns,  William,  miller. 

Caldwell,  James  A.,  drug  and  book  store. 

Culver,  Joseph  F.,  banker,  real  estate  and 

insurance  agent. 
Culver,  J.  F.  &  Co.,  bankers,  real  estate 

and  insurance  agents. 
Culver,  Mrs.  Martha. 
Culver,  Mrs.  Mary  IM. 
Countryman,  Jacob,  laborer. 


826 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Countryman,  jSTelson,  laborer. 

Country  man.  Georoe,  laborer. 

Cook.  Allen,  butcher. 

Cook,  W.  H.,  butcher. 

Cook,  John,  butcher. 

Cook,  Avery,  capitalist. 

Cook,  Edgai-,  groceries. 

Cook,  Isaac,  laborer. 

Cook,  Micajah,  farmer. 

Cliapman,  Amasa,  engineer. 

CuUom,  .T.  W.,  teacher. 

i'leland,  Thomas,  retired  farmer. 

Cleland.  Thomas,  Jr.,  laborer. 

Cleland,  William  H.,  laborer. 

Calkins,  Ebenezer,  laborer. 

Clemens,  W.  C,  ice  dealer. 

Cleary,  William,  laborer. 

Cleary,  John,  laborer. 

Currv,  J.  A.,  laborer. 

Crosvvell,  James  T.,  druggist, 

Clark,  John  K.,  tinner. 

Custer,  Israel,  carpenter. 

Crane,  Elizabeth,  capitalist. 

Coviezel,  John  L.,  butcher. 

Corbin,  J.  K.,  farmer. 

Camp,  Edgar,  Clerk. 

Cotton,  Byron  A.,  bakery. 

Crawford^  W.  T.,  live  stock  dealer. 

Cowan.  A.W.,atty.  and  real  estate  dlr. 

Camp,  ^Irs.  Mary  Porter. 

Colli.s,  James,  laborer. 

Cordeal,  Sylvester,  clerk  in  Circuit  Clerk's 
otfice. 

Cox,  Andrew  D.,  clerk  in  Circuit  Clerk's 
office. 

Conley,  A.  M.,  carpenter. 

Camp,  Apollus,  farmer. 

Dean,  Edward,  drayman. 

Daman,  John  W.,  jeweler. 

Downing,  Isaac  T.,  furniture. 

Denny,  .lohn  X.,  horse  dealer. 

Dann,  (Jeorge,  carpenter. 

Deemer,  John,  carpenter. 

Dye,  Job  E.,  grain  dealer. 

Dolde,  Martin,  wagon  maker. 

Duffy,  Benjamin  A.,  insurance  agent. 

Dutt'^  .lames,  farmer. 

Duff,  Jonatiian,  atty.  and  real  estate  agt. 

Denslow,  Samuel,  miller. 

Denslow.  W.  F.,  miller. 

Dorman,  Theodore,  cigar  maker. 

Davison,  Samuel,  clerk. 

Downing,  Harrison,  farmer. 

Dolan,  Patrick,  laborer. 

Eagle,  John  W.,  farmer. 

Evans,  Richard,  retired  farmer. 

Eylar,  Daniel  C.,  Assistant  Cashier  Liv- 
ingston County  Bank. 

Egan,  Jolm,  Constable. 

Eniinger,  John  H.,  merchant  tailor. 

Evers,  Frank  ().,  clothing. 

Fisher,  Augustus  F.,  capitalist. 

Fox,  Micluxel,  stone  mason. 

Folks,  Richard  D.,  carpenter. 

Fisher,  Jos.,  furniture  maker  and  dealer. 

Filkins,  John  W..  druggist. 

Fyfe,  William  B.,  lawyer. 

Fellows,  J.  A.,  prop.Title  Abstract  Books. 


Fender,  Siiuon,  carriage  maker. 
Fillmore,  Huling  &  Co.,  dry  goods. 
Foster,  Ro1)ert  F.,  plasterer. 
Furznian,  Win.  H.,  real  estate  iX  ins.  agt. 
Fillmore,  Millard,  dry  goods  dealer. 
Fi'anklin,  William  L.,  blacksmith. 
Fender  &  Hills,  carriage  makers. 
Gore,  William,  farmer. 
Gregory,  ^Irs.  Ann,  restaurant. 
Greenman,  E.  O.,  lumber  dealer. 
Gaylord,  Horace,  pliysician. 
Greenebaum,  Henry  G.,  banker. 
Greenebaum  &  Bro.,dry  goods  &  groceries 
Graber,  Henry,  wagon  maker. 
Gunsul,  Henry  B.,  livery  and  feed  stable. 
Gunsul  &  Blackmore,  omnibus  line. 
Gaff,  James  H.,  blacksmith. 
Gray,  Benj.  W.,  harness  &  saddle  maker. 
Gilbert,  C  C.,  bakery  and  confectionery. 
Gore,  Henry  W.,  clothing. 
Gore  &  Evers,  clothing. 
Grandy,  Truman  E.,  groceries. 
Garatt,  Smith  M.,  lawyer. 
Humiston,  Bennet,  farmer. 
Hartshorn,  Thomas  C,  farmer. 
Harding,  Alfred  E.,  lawyer. 
Hoover,  John  W.,  groceries. 
Ilannaman,  Peter  Si.,  groceries. 
Hallara,  Charles,  retired  farmer. 
Hayes,  Mrs.  Helen,  retired  farmer. 
Hoover  &  Co.,  grocerie.^. 
Holmes,  William  H.,  carpenter. 
Hodge,  William,  house  and  sign  painter. 
Houchin,  Solomon,  liotel  and  restaurant. 
Hobbs,  Lewis  H.,  retired  farmer. 
Hol)l)s,  Henry  C,  hardware  and  agricult- 
ural implements. 
Holman,  Thomag^  miller. 
Husted,  James  G.,  liquor  dealer. 
Husted  &  Co.,  liquor  dealers. 
Hertzberg,  Samuel,  clothing. 
Hertzbei'g  Bros.,  clothing. 
Hunter  &  Pillsbury,  groceries. 
Hank,  Joiuithan,  wagon  maker. 
Herl)ert,  Samuel,  ice  dealer. 
Holtzman,  Samuel  E.,  physician. 
Henry,  Richard,  laborer. 
Huber,  Samuel  W.,  meat  market. 
Holland,  Martin,  laborer. 
Houseworth,  J.  T.,  cooper. 
Hunter,  Charles  B. 
Hobbs,  Frank  ().,  clerk. 
Heiskill,  Felix,  clerk. 
Hemstreet,  Mrs.  Malinda. 
Henry,  James,  retired  farmer. 
Harris,  G.  W.,  laborer. 
Hornbaker,  AVilliam,  blacksmith. 
Howland,  G.  B.,  photographer. 
Icenburger,  J.  W.,  Baptist  clergyman. 
Johnson,  Morris,  retired  farmer. 
Johnson,  Mrs.  Morris. 
Johnson,  Mrs.  Rebecca. 
Johnson  &  Stuff ,  proprietors  Free  Trader. 
Johnson,  Edden  M.,  editor  Free  Trader. 
John,  Reason  M.,  land  agent. 
Jenkins,  AVilliam  H.,  Circuit  Clerk. 
Journdt,  August,  tailor. 
Johnson,  Peter,  physician. 


groceries. 


PONTIAC  CITY. 


827 


Johnson,  Robert  J.,  liotel  keeper. 

Kay,  John,  farmer. 

Kay,  Jos.  T.,  hind  and  insurance  agent. 

Kingore,  George  R.,  stone  cutter. 

Keach,  John  C,  carriage  maker. 

Krack,  I.  J.,  retired  farmer  and  County 
Treasurer. 

Knight,  Charles,  bricklayer. 

Kavanaugh  Bros.,  liquor  dealers. 

Kavanaugh,  Dennis,  li(iuor  dealer. 

Kent,  Lester  E.,  grain  dealer. 

Kent,  Edward  E.,  grain  dealer. 

Kingore,  Perry  M.,  printer. 

Keck,  C,  lumber  dealer. 

Kerr,  George,  retired  farmer, 

l.,awrence,  xVlbert,  retired  farmer  and 
capitalist. 

Lawrence,  Albert,  Jr.,  groceries. 

Lawrence,  Sardis  S.,  lawyer. 

Lord.  Wallace,  carpenter  and  proprietor 
Lord's  Opera  House. 

Limber,  J.  W.,  veterinary  surgeon. 

Lyon,  William  B.,  retired  merchant. 

Lyon,  David  M.,  boot  and  shoe  dealer. 

Lyon,  Douglass  J.,  carpenter. 

Lutyen,  L.  P.,  drugs  and  fancy  goods. 

Lutyen,  W.  C,  drugs  and  fancy  goods. 

Lerbach,  John,  harness  maker. 

Linell,  Philip  S.,  harness  maker. 

Lacey,  William  S.,  hardware  and  agricult- 
ural implements. 

Ladd,  Samuel  C,  farmer. 

Lawrence  &  Cook,  groceries. 

Legg,  A.  T.,  teacher. 

Legg  lie  Voght,  boots  and  shoes. 

Lunt,  ^V.  H.  &  Son,  grain  dealers. 

Lunt,  ^V^  H.,  grain  dealer. 

Lunt,  Robert  T.,  grain  dealer. 

Lewis,  D.  W.,  gunsmith. 

Mitchell  &  Keck,  lumber  dealers. 

McGregor,  Mrs.  M.  J. 

McGregor,  Charles  A.,  jewelry. 

McGregor,  Miss  E.,  millinery. 

McCalla,  John,  boots  and  shoes. 

McEntee,  Pliilip,  laborer. 

McNichol,  John,  shoemaker. 

Mcintosh,  E.  W.,  Iiouse  and  sign  painter. 

McDowell,  H.  H..  lawyer. 

Milke,  Henry,  liquor  dealer. 

Maples,  Mrs.  E.  R. 

Maxwell,  Prederick  J.,  clerk. 

Mossliolder,  S.  H.,  saddles  and  harness. 

Miller,  William  T.,  blacksmith. 

Moore,  Mrs.  Mattie,  millinery. 

Marsh,  John  W.,  farmer. 

Murphy,  John,  clerk. 

Matthews,  Rodolph,  dentist. 

Murphy,  Peter,  laborer. 

Mdler,  Philip  M.,  barber. 

Minton,  Joseph,  laborer. 

McKee,  James,  farmer. 

Moore,  D.  P.,  clerk. 

Moore,  Mrs.  Elizabeth. 

Morrow,  James  E.,  l)anker. 

Norton.  Hezekiah  H.,  carpenter. 

Nelson,  James,  retired  far.  and  capitalist. 

Nelson,  James,  Jr.,  carpenter. 

Newman,  George  W.,  policeman. 


Newcomb,  George  D.,  carpenter. 

Opperman,  Julius,  cabinet  maker. 

Olney,  R.  &  Co.,  title  abstracts. 

Olney,  Ransom,  lawyer. 

O'Connell,  Patrick,  ial»orer. 

O'Donald,  Katt-,  lal)orer. 

O'Hair.  Thomas,  laborer. 

O'Brien,  Michael,  laborer. 

O'Brien,  Matthew,  laborer. 

Owens,  E.  B.,  laborer. 

Owens,  ^Irs.  Maria,  cai)italist. 

Pierce  &  Newcoml),  carpenters. 

Pierce,  Andrew  J.,  carpenter. 

Perry,  William,  hotel,  "  Perry  House." 

Perry,  William  W..  Court  Iiouse  janitor. 

Perry,  James  S.,  tailor. 

Pittinger,  John,  carriage  trimmer. 

Pittinger,  Wilson,  groceries. 

Payne,  Mrs.  M.  L. 

Payne,  William  L.,  farmer. 

Piatt,  Andrew  J.,  propr.  City  Hotel. 

Piatt,  Harvey,  laborer. 

Pulliam,  (Jeorge  W.,  drayman. 

Post,  F.  F.,  grain  dealer. 

Post,  AV.  W.,  coal  dealer. 

Post,  Mrs.  E.J. 

Pearre,  Otho  P.,  atty.  and  Police  Mag. 

Pillsbury,  Nathaniel  J.,  Judge  2d  District 

Appellate  Court. 
Pillsbury.  Stephen  O.,  grocer. 
Peckhani  John  B.,  musician. 
Pemberton,  Hiram  P.,  farmer. 
Payson,  Lewis  E.,  lawyer. 
Reed,  Henry  B.,  shoemaker. 
Reed,  Norman  II.,  hardware. 
Runyan,  John  H.,  butcher. 
Rice,  George  W.,  furniture. 
Ricketson,  Shadrack,  feed  yard. 
Ricketson,  Mrs.  Mary,  restaurant. 
Renoe,  Mark  A.,  druggist. 
Ross,  Richard  C,  carpets. 
Remick,  James  W.,  clerk. 
Remick,  Mrs.  Sarah,  millinery. 
Robinson,  Benjamin  E.,  County  Sheriff. 
Rankin,  Thomas  J.,  plasterer. 
Rosenberger,  Julius,  clothing. 
Reiley,  Edward,  miller. 
Reiley,  E.  &  Co.,  millers. 
Rose,  Moses,  clothing. 
Robinson,  Thomas  C.,  coal  miner. 
Stafford,  John  P.,  propr.  Phoenix  Hotel. 
Strawn,  Christopher  C.,  lawyer. 
Sliker,  Otto,  painter. 
Smith,  Richard,  poultry  buyer. 
Smith,  Frank,  jeweler. 
Smith,  Newton,  retired  farmer. 
Smith,  John  W.,  drugs  and  books. 
Smith,  John  C.,  retired  farmer. 
Slocum,  Thomas,  farmer. 
Siner,  James. 

Stewart,  Samuel,  physician. 
Stack,  John,  butcher. 
Schwarz,  Peter  M.,  cigar  manufacturer. 
Schultz,  Ernst  P.,  liquor  dealer. 
Storey,  W.  H.,  photographer. 
Shaw,  George  W.,  laborer. 
Sims,  W.  S.,  lumber  dealer. 
Springer,  Uriah  A.,  engineer. 


828 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Siverling,  Daniel,  poultry  buyer. 

Siverling,  Mrs.  E.,  dressmaker. 

Strevell  Jason  W..  lawyer. 

Stuff,  John  S.,  printer. 

Streamer,  Jacob,  druggist. 

Schneider,  John,  butcher. 

ScouUer,  J.  D.,Supt.  State  Reform  School. 

Shroyer,  Ed.  I^I".,  clerk. 

Sullivan,  Michael,  laborer. 

Snow,  John,  horse  dealer. 

Stites,  John  J.,  physician. 

Taylor,  Proctor,  inerchant. 

Taylor,  Eb.,  barber. 

Townsend,  H.  H.,  dentist. 

Turner,  Joseph  P.,  capitalist. 

Terry,  James  T.,  lawyer. 

Trov,  Patrick,  laborer. 

Tindall,  Mrs.  Alice. 

Tanciuary,  Mrs.  Sarah. 

Teed,  Edward,  boot  and  shoe  mnfr. 

Teed,  Merritt,  boot  and  shoe  mnfi-. 

I^mphenour,  Isaac,  l)lacksraith. 

rmphenour.  Jacob,  laborer. 

Vanscov,  James,  farmer. 

Virden,"Mrs.  M.  J. 

Virden,  William  T.,  bank  clerk. 

Wheeler,  C  R.,  City  Marshal. 

Welch,  R.  B.,  Principal  Pontiac  Schools. 

Williams,  Thomas,  miller. 


Wise,  H.  L.,  Street  Commissioner. 

Ward,  James  G.,  blacksmith. 

Wallace,  Elon  E.,  grocer. 

Woodrow,  John  W.,  lawyer. 

Wyman,  Charles,  livery  and  feed  stable. 

Waters,  C.  R.,  clerk. 

Wall,  Wm.,  propr.  Washington  House. 

Ward,  Philip  H.,  clerk. 

Warrander,  Thomas,  liquor  dealer. 

Winans,  John  C.,  clerk. 

Winters,  Zeph.,  City  Clerk. 

Wash,  Jas.  R.,  abst.,  loan  and  ins.  otfice. 

Wallace,  R.  R.,  atty.  and  County  Judge. 

Wickerv,  John  C.,  plasterer. 

Williamson,  T.  H.,  sta.agt.,C.  &  P.  R.  R. 

Wright,  L.  C,  ])aints,  oils  and  glass. 

VVhitescarver,  W.  C,  farmer. 

Wait,  Alvin,  County  Clerk. 

Westcott,  L.  K.,  post  office  clerk. 

Woolverton,  Mrs.  H.  J. 

Wliite,  James,  laborer. 

Woodford,  (reorge,  ins.  agent. 

Wolgamott.  John,  H.,  clerk. 

Wilson,  Edward  L.,  blacksmith. 

Williams,  Berry,  laborer. 

Wilcox,  Edv»^ard,  clerk. 

Young,  Jas.  L.,  saddle  and  harness  shops. 

Young,  Mrs.  Sarah. 


PONTIAC    TOWNSHIP. 


Adams, Joseph, F., farmer ;  P.  O. Pontiac. 
Andrews,  Thos.,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Aerl,  Isaac,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Bennet,  C  X.,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Bancroft,  L.,  nur.  and  gar. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  Reason,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Balmer,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Babcoek,  Mrs.  J.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bertram,  Edward,  furniture  salesman. 
Bowman,  William  G.,far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  George  R.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Breese,  William,  far.;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Beardsley,  O.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Crouch,  Emory,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cox,  James,  Sr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cox,  James,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cox,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Corbin,  J.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Capes,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Capes,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cunningham,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Campbell,  Francis  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Carter,  Mrs.  E.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cason,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Duff,  John  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Duff,  Mrs  Eliza,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Davis,  William  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Demoss,  William  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Essick,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ewing,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Eylar,  Alfred  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Emahizer,  Wesley,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Emahizer,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Emerson,  Wm.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Erickson,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Edgington,  Jas.  G.,  far.;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Fenton,  Jas.  G.,  drayman  and  coal  dealer. 
Freudy,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Finley,  John  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Finley,  Ezra,  far.;  P.  O.  Pimtiac. 
Foley,  Morris,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Fritz,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Groves,  W.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Greenman,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Greenman,  Silas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Glaze,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Grandy,  Nathan  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Glaze,  Jessie,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Garton,  Isaac  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hill,  Harry,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Honeywell,  Jesse  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Heisner,  Paul,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Heylson,  Barney,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hicks,  Anthony,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hicks,  William^  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Haney,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hendershot,  Squire,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Huling,  E.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Houder,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Houder,  Ephraim,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Houder,  Miss  Mary,  capitalist. 
Houk,  Felix,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hart,  Walter,  nur.  and  gar. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Huff,  James,  far.;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Hendershot,  Omer,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hartle.  Jacob,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


FAIRBDRY  VILLAGE. 


829 


Herbert,  Daniel  W.,  harness  maker. 
Huey,  J.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Jordan,  Luke,  far.;  P.  O-  Pontiac 
Jacobson,  Ole  T.,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Jacobson,  James  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  A.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Keller,  C  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kellogg,   Aaron  W.,  nur.  and  gar.;  P.  O. 

Pontiac. 
Kellogg,  Xathan  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kellogg,  Truman  M.,  far.;  Pontiac. 
Kraft,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kibby,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lyon,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Liiycock,  Dudley,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lawrence,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lawrence,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lawrence,  Nelson,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Laycock,  Jefferson,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lambert,  James  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lower,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lugland,  Ole  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Loftiss,  J.  W.,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Marsh,  Arthur  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Mason,  W.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McCoy,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McCoy,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac;. 
McCormack,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Miller,  Michael,  far.  ;P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McCarty,  John  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McCormack,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O-  Pontiac. 
Munson,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McCabe,  Datis, far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Munson,  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
McMahan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Nelson,  Elwell,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
North,  J.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Normal,  W.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oleson,  Severin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oleson,  Chris.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oleson,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Okeson,  Wm.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oleson,  John  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Perry,  Joseph  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Peasley,  C.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Peasley,  George  L,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Peterman,  Allen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Proesel,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Provost,  Cephus,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Powell.  John.  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Rollings,  Pliilip,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Rollings,  William  H.,  far.;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Raymond,  A.,  drayman ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
liobiiisoii,  Garrett  C,  far.;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Kobinson,  James,  far.;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  A.  E..  far.:  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Redfern,  James  J^.,  poultry  buyer;  P.  0. 

Pontiac. 
Rigliter.  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Russell,  Frank  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Roth,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  S-  B  ,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Benj.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Perry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Wm.  IL,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Rathburn,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Smith,  R.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Shane,  David,  far.;  P.  O. Pontiac. 
Schlosser,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Schlosser,  Eliza,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Schlosser,  Elijah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sample,  Rol)ert,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Simpson,  Benjamin,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Soule,  F.  A.,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Schneider,  Mrs.  G  ,  far.:  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sullivan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Steinbach,  John  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sampson,  Ole  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Smith,  Jolm  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Scanlan,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Stewart,  Collins,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sweet,  S.  A.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Simmons,  Jas.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Tate,  W.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Thompson,  Rasmus,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Taylor,  George  C,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Taylor,  John,  C,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Htley,  Leander,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wheeler,  Tliomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Walden,  Aaron  AV.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Walden,  William  J.,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Walden.  Zacli.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Weist,  John,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Weber,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac;. 
Young,  Mrs.  R.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Young,  Jones,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


FAIRBURY    VILLAGE. 


Archer,  G.  W.,  drayman. 

Amsbury,  W.  W.,  insurance  agent. 

Adis,  Jacob,  miner. 

Apps,  Herman,  Idacksmith. 

Adams,  William,  miner. 

Allen,  W.  H.,  merchant. 

Allum,  John,  policeman. 

Brega,  Frank,  merchant. 

Bruce,  H.  L.,  insurance  agent. 

Bell,  Jo.seph,  laborer. 

Butt,  W.  A.,  laborer. 

Banker,  D.  H.,  farmer. 

Baker,  T.  F.,  farmer. 

Burch,  A.  M.,  commission  merchant. 


Bock,  J.  H.,  clerk. 

Bartlett,  S.  C.  &  Co.,  grain  dealers. 

Bartlett,  C  €.,  banker. 

Beach,  Lorenzo. 

Barnes  Brothers,  physicians. 

Beach,  Thomas  A.,  banker. 

Bartlett,  Beach  &  Downing,  bankers. 

Belk,  Silas,  tinner. 

Barnes,  S.  M.,  physician. 

Barnes,  H.  E.  W..  physician. 
I  Bailey,  W.  L.,  farmer. 
j  Brownson,  G.  B.,  carpenter. 
!  Beers,  J.  W.,  merchant. 

Beckthold,  Lewis,  shoemaker. 


830 


TAY-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Biirrill,  J.  ^^^,  laborer. 
Boyers,  J.  J.,  lal)()rer. 
Botsford,  W.  I). 

Brownsoii,  John,  carpenter. 

Bryant.  E.  S.,  merchant. 

Baker,  Solomon,  mason. 

Babcock,  T.  T.,  saloon  keeper. 

Brewer,  Daniel,  physician. 

Birch,  A.  H.,  teaclie' . 

Birch,  George,  laborer. 

Cox,  A.  H.,  trader. 

Cramer,  J.  M.,  agent. 

Coleman,  George. 

Church,  S.  B. 

Conn,  I.,  carpenter. 

Clark,  A.  J.,  lawyer. 

Clauden,  A.  B.,  grain  merchant. 

Cumpston,  William,  teamster. 

Coomer,  A.,  lumlier  dealer. 

Casey,  William,  agent. 

Cogswell,  G.  W.,  clerk. 

Clark,  L.  C 

Cassell,  A.  K.,  harness  maker. 

Carman,  A.  R.,  painter. 

Clark,  J.  H. 

Commuck,  Boyd,  miner. 

Clufl,  H.  S.,  gunsmith. 

Coomer,  John,  broker. 

Crabb,B.r.,  clerk. 

Currin,  Patrick,  lal)orer. 

Colmer,  Daniel,  blacksmitli. 

Cummins,  F.  K.,  Mrs. 

Crull,  8.  G.,  laborer. 

Carpenter,  F.  J.,  laborer. 

Conner,  Milo,  trader, 

Dawson,  Robert,  laborer. 

Darling,  D.  D.,  painter. 

Donnelly,  John  P.,  telegraph  operator. 

Dice,  A.",  carpenter. 

Dcmelly.  John,  section  boss. 
Dominy,  L.  B.,  banker. 
Duffy,  T.  W.,  clerk. 
Deaver,  W.  M.,  farmer. 
Dimick,  O.  J.,  justice. 
Dahler,  A.,  blacksmith. 
Dexter,  G.  S.,  farmer. 
Duell,  Silas,  irader. 
Dubois,  M.  E.,  restaurant. 
Dunbar,  J.  J.,  wagon  maker. 
Dewolf,  J.  S.,  druggist. 
Dubois,  T.  A.,  retired. 
Decker,  John,  bookkeeper. 
Darin,  George,  barber. 
Elliott,  Frank,  merchant. 
Elliott,  G.  T.,  merchant. 
East,  L.  B.,  teamster. 
Egglie,  G.,  furniture  dealer. 
Ellis,  George,  barber. 
Earnhart,  J.  F. 
Fleming,  M.  W.,  druggist. 
Fleming,  J.  C,  retired. 
Fulghiam,  W.  A. 
Franzen,  Frank,  saloon  keeper. 
Furguson,  W.  H.,  clerk. 
Finegan,  John,  teamster. 
Frankhouser,  William,  carpenter. 
Fawkner,  C  W.,  harness  maker. 
Fogel,  Isaac. 


Frailey,  J.  F.,  physician. 

Fanning,J.  A.,Rev.,pr.  Catholic  Church 

Frost,  Al.,  shoemaker. 

Fulton,  A.  B.,  laborer. 

Frost,  Ira,  shoemaker. 

Filley,  Abraham,  trader. 

(xregg,  Emery. 

Gore,  Thomas  II.,  teacher. 

George,  T.  D.,  mason. 

Garner,  James  H.,  agent. 

Gravina,  F.  E.,  merchant. 

Galneaugh,  F.  X.,  road  master,  T..  p  x- 
W.  R.  R. 

Gosbach,  J.  A.,  furniture  dealei-. 

Green,  O.,  miner. 

Griffith,  William,  carpentei-. 

Gross,  Gottfried,  cooper. 

Goodridge,  M.  H.,  grain  dealer. 

Gordineas,  D.,  laborer. 

Gillette,  Horace  M.,  grain  dealer. 

Gibb,  Thomas,  miner. 

Herrick,  Mary  E. 

Holden,  David,  miner. 

Harris,  J.  A.,  teamster. 

Heckman,  L,  shoemaker. 

Henderson,  Margaret. 

Hunt,  T.  L.,  laborer. 

Homer,  John,  wagon  maker. 

Hanna,  Jesse,  stock  dealer. 

Hagen,  James,  miner. 

Hanna,  Leroy.  trader. 

Huntoon,  R.  C,  painter. 

Hanna,  R.  B.,  Justice. 

Hahn,  Chris.,  laborer. 

Hendrix,  James,  painter. 

Haverty,  Furgis,  laborer. 
Hurdle,  Leonard,  laborer. 
Holden,  Robert,  miner. 
Haffey,  Margaret. 
Hams,  W.  H.,  Rev. 
Halleck,  Stephen,  laborer. 
Howe,  Charles,  miner. 
Hoyt,  M.  J.,  Mrs. 
Hanna,  Z.  T.,  Constable. 
Heatherington,  Thomas,  miner. 
Harbison,  Alexander,  wagon  maker. 
Iroin,  Christian,  jeweler. 
Jackson,  James,  plasterer. 
Jones.  J.  C.,  teamster. 
Jones,  Robert,  miner. 
Jamison,  J.  S.,  saloon  keeper. 
Jones,  F.  M.,  carpenter. 
Jones,  T.  E.,  merchant. 
Johnson,  Matthew,  miner. 
Johnson. F.  I..,  farmer. 
John,  Patton,  harness  maker. 
Joy,  E.  F.,  furniture  dealer. 
Kring,  Lafayette,  raolder. 
Kingman.  H..  merchant. 
Kilbury,  A.  F..  blacksmitli. 
Kimball,  S.  P.,  druggist. 
King,  James,  Sr.,  farmer. 
King,  James,  Jr.,  lumber  dealer. 
Keck,  Christian,  barber. 
Kring,  George,  blacksmith. 
Keller,  Nicholas,  grain  dealer. 
Keys,  W.  J.,  laborer. 
Kier,  D.  B.,  blacksmith. 


FAIRBURY  VILLAGE. 


831 


Katz,  H.  &  M.,  merchants. 

Kinnie,  Edwin,  farmer. 

Kelly,  Thomas,  miner. 

Kerr,  Isaac,  painter. 

Kelly,  D..  Mrs.,  milliner. 

Knight,  Eobert,  prop,  coal  shaft. 

Kinnear,  George,  farmer. 

Lanilis,  D.  F.,  farmer. 

Lantlis,  J.  B.,  farmer. 

Langabeer,  J.  L.,  painter. 

Lynn.  George,  laborer. 

Latimer.  W.  G.  B.,  grain  buyer. 

Laubenheimer,  Peter,  butcher. 

Lightfoot.  B.  C,  plasterer. 

Lewis.  J.  E..  traveling  salesman. 

McDowell,  James,  farmer. 

McDowell,  Isaac  P.,  banker. 

McDowell,  Oliver  P.,  liardware. 

McDowell,  Woodford  G.,  attornev. 

McDowell,  T  G..  farmer. 

McThail.  Duncan,  laborer. 

McKearnan,  James,  engineer. 

McKenzie,  T.  A.,  l)lacksmith. 

McClain,  Daniel,  laborer. 

McDonald,  N.  S.,  carriage  maker. 

McClung,  D.  F.,  engineer. 

McDonnell,  P.,  laborer. 

McCurdy,  J.  P.,  laborer. 

McKernan,  Thomas,  engineer. 

Mundt,  A.  H..  jeweler. 

Murdock,  D.  L..  attorney. 

Mansoe.  James,  miner. 

Morgan.  H.  .s.,  grain  buyer. 

Morrison,  T.  H.,  clerk. 

Maples,  Thomas.  Uiltorer. 

Moore,  M.  R.,  carpenter. 

Mack,  H.  D..  farmer. 

Merritt,  C  D.,  Rev.,  Baptist  minister. 

Moore,  Ward,  plasterer. 

Miller,  John,  tailor. 

Morris,  J.  W.,  upholsterer. 

Marshall,  P.,  drayman. 

Mapel,  John,  fariner. 

Mapel,  N.,  farmer. 

Mahannah.  J.  A.,  tailor. 

Moran,  Patrick,  laborer. 

Maxwell,  J.,  laborer. 

Moberly,  J.  F.,  restaurant. 

Mahoney,  Patrick,  teamster. 

Moran,  William,  laborer. 

Marsh,  J.  L. 

Miller,  H.  R.,  &  Co.,  merchants. 

Xoxen,  F.  F.,  jeweler. 

Nash.  AV.  H.,  carpenter. 

Xichols,  E.  E..  blacksmith. 

O'Maley.  Ed.,  saloon  keeper. 

O'Maley,  J.,  peddler. 

O'Xeil.  William,  section  boss. 

Olney,  Smitli,  collecting  agent. 

Phillips.  Jack.  lal)orer. 

Phillips.  E.  M..  laborer. 

Pierce.  D.  D.,  miner. 

Piper.  M..  laborer. 

Pearson,  J.  J.,  physician. 

Potter,  A.  A.,  clerk. 

Powley,  AVilliam,  tinner. 

Povvley.  J.  A.,  tinner. 

Pearlee,  C  L.,  clerk. 


Perry,  R.  T.,  attorney. 

Pogue,  A-  F.,  retired  merchant. 

Pinder,  R.,  retired  merchant. 

Patton.  D.  A.,  teamster. 

Popejoy,  H.  G. 

Redd.  George,  farmer. 

Ramsev.  II.  J.,  merchant. 

Ritesell.  William,  farmer. 

Ramsev.  T.  F..  horse  dealer. 

Richardson.  Robert,  miner. 

Ritemyer.  Joseph,  saloon  keeper. 

Read.  F.  M.,  engineer. 

Rice,  John,  wagon  maker. 

Rodgers.  D.  A.,  ticket  agt.  C  &  P-  R- 

Romig,  P.  II.,  miller. 

Rowlev,  E.  P. 

Russell,  D.  C,  carpenter. 

Remington,  Henry,  merchant. 

Remington,  A.  H..  merchant. 

Renock.  Edward. 

Roberts,  J.  S..  engineer. 

Rogers.  S.  S.,  liotel  keeper. 

Richie,  Anthony,  laborer. 

Raines,  K..  farmer. 

Rayburn.  J.  R..  dentist. 

Ramsey.  Samuel,  farmer. 

Riley.  A.  D.,  cook. 

Rishforth,  C,  laborer. 

Rue,  Carleton  H.,  teacher. 

Rockwood.  II..  Mrs. 

Scrivens.  G.  S..  livery  stable. 

Stephens.  W.  P..  laborer. 

Stoddard.  D.  C,  manufacturer  ot  pop. 

Schontz.  C.  H..  plasterer. 

Struper,  A.  W..  shoemaker. 

Salmon.  Hugh,  laborer. 

Shepard,  Lewis,  laborer. 

Spray.  B.  W.,  laborer. 

Stoller,  G.,  agent. 

Stillwell,  J.  R.,  shoemaker. 

Swartz,  S.  B.,  carpenter. 

Sypes,  William,  carpenter. 

Skinner,  Frank,  laborer. 

Stackpole.  Wm.  T..  real  est. 

Sterling.  G.AV 


R. 


agt. 


tailor. 
Shepherd.  Mel.,  broom  makei". 
Sheppie.  Henry,  laborer. 
Sharp.  David,  laborer. 
Shively.  B.  W..  laborer. 
Stephens,  T.  J.,  carpenter. 
Sclienk,  J.,  1  taker. 
Sheaff.  J.  A.,  marble  dealer. 
Straight.  L.  F..  wagon  maker. 
Scibird.  J.  IL.  photographer. 
Shover.  Tacy,  :Mrs..  milliner. 
Shepherd,  Xathaii.  justice. 
Shepherd.  D.  B..  dairyman. 
Sheppie,  Elizabeth.  Mrs. 
Smith,  S.  W.,  farmer. 
Smith,  J.  G..  agricultural  imp. dealer 
Shepler  &  Kavanaugh.  saloonists. 
Skean.  John,  carpenter. 
Stoltz.  W.  11..  tailor. 
Sackett.  l'..  Mrs.,  boarding  house. 
Sharp.  John,  miller. 
Stafford.  II.  II..  clerk,  post  office. 
Stafford,  W.  K..  clerk. 
Scouler,  Thomas,  saloon  keeper. 


832 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Stone,  J.  O.,  plasterer. 
Sacrist,  L.  J.,  clerk. 
Steen,  James,  laborer. 
Souars,  N.  A.,  teacher. 
Skinner,  W.  W.,  retired. 
Sterling-,  William,  farmer. 
Sterling.  L.  J.,  clerk. 
Smith,  F..  liarness  maker. 
Seaders,  William,  trader. 
Seaders,  J.  M.,  clerk. 
Taylor,  John  J.,  broker. 
Taylor,  W.  II.  merchant. 
Taylor,  Mary  L. 

Trerize,  William  C,  photographer. 
Thompson,  John,  miner. 
Titus,  Jesse,  retired  farmer. 
Thornton,  Jacob,  baker. 
Thornton,  Edward,  liotel. 
Thornton,  John,  laborer. 
Tracy,  L.  C,  laborer. 
Thompson,  Jolni,  lal/orer. 
Thompson,  M.  J.,  harness  maker. 
Thompson,  C.  B.,  agent. 
Talbert,  George,  laborer. 
Virgin,  John,  Postmaster. 
Van  Dorn,  W.  H.,  express  agent. 
Virgin  &  Brown,  importers. 
Vantoble,  Jacob,  carpenter. 
Veach,  J.  W.,  laborer. 
Valentine.  H.  W.,  farmer. 
Vanover,  J.  M.,  laborer. 
Westervelt,  J.  L.,  farmer. 
Walton,  C.  S.,  laborer. 


I  Wagg,  James,  miner. 

Walton,  J.  W.,  merchant. 

Wright,  J.  L.,  carpenter. 
I  Wilson,  Hugh,  miner, 
i  Williams.  John,  teamster. 

Westervelt,  Emery,  bookkeeper. 

Waid,  James,  livery  stable. 

Wilson,  Otho,  farmer. 

Wilson,  Alexander,  miner. 

Winger,  Conrad,  Sr.,  shoemaker. 

Walton,  Benjamin,  grain  dealer. 

Weeding,  Lewis,  butcher. 

Werling,  Joseph,  butcher. 

Walton,  Isaac,  merchant. 

Watson,  John,  miner. 

Wilkinson,  John,  Rev.,  M.  E.  minister. 

Wells,  Jasper,  teamster. 

Wade,  Philip,  clerk. 

Wallace,  Latta,  wagon  maker. 

Whittemore,  W.  T.,  traveling  salesman. 

Weaver,  J.  D.,  broker. 

Wright,  Henry,  Street  Commissioner. 

Wharton,  W.  H.,  laborer. 

Walton,  William,  laborer. 

Winters,  G.  W.,  agent  T.,  P.  &  W. 

Wright,  David,  butcher. 

White,  R.  J. 

Westervelt,  O.  S.,  merchant. 

Wamsely,  Joseph,  miner. 

Yoe,  Josiah,  saloon  keeper. 

Zimmerman,  John,  druggist. 

Zane,  A.  N..  Mrs.,  milliner. 

Zimmers,  Levi,  carpenter. 


INDIAN    GROVE    TOWNSHIP, 


Alt,  Nicholas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Aughsbury,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Anderson,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ayhvard,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Atkins,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Adam,  Jolni,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Burges,  Wm.,  engineer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Baker,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Blain,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairliury. 
Bailey,  Wm.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bennett,  A.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Besgrove,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Barnes,  B.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Faiibury. 
Burger,  JvTatlil.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bausch,  Lawrence,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Brown,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bolin,  Hamilton,  far.;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
Benn,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cook,  T.  O.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cook,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Conelly,  James,  farmer;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
Carigan,  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Collins,  Jeremiah,  lab. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(lumpston,  Benj.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Carpenter,  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury." 
Cone,  S.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Xew  York. 
Clark,  T).  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Clark,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cudelbach,  Xorman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


Crouch,  R.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Coomes,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cumpston,  Solomon,  far.;  P.O. Fairbury. 
Cumpston,  I.  C.  farmer;  P.  O,  Fairbury. 
Cumpston,  J.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cram,  C  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Carter,  Elliott,  farmer;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
Conn,  R.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Conn,  I.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Crouch,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Crouch,  Charles,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Crouch,  B.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cunningham,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cooper,  J.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Canine,  S.  L.,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Demler,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Drier,  Philip,  farmer;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
Darnell, ]Sr.  O., farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbtiry. 
Davis,  Jacob,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Donoho,  Jefferson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Darnall,  J.  W«,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Darnall,  V.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Darnall,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Dugan,  Patrick,  peddler;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Deitz,  C,  carpenter;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Daily,  John,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Devos,  Basile,  engineer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Easton,  R.,  Jr.,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Egge,  C  ,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


INDIAN  GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


833 


Eads,  F.M..  farmer:  P.  ()•  Fairbury. 
Easton,  Alex.,  farmer:  P.  (>.  Fairbury. 
Evans,  (J.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Emery.  J.  W.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
EastoVi,  Tlios..  miner;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Easton.  Robert,  miner;    P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Edwards,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
France.  F..  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Frederick,  Jolin,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Frickey,  Fred.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fry,  W.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fry,  liichard,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fisher,  Philip,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Frisby,  James,  farmer :  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Flowers,  Benj.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
France,  Henrv;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Frisby,  W.  D.,  farmer;  1'.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ferris,  O.  L.,  carpenter:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fleming.  John,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Gaettler,  Anton,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Gosling.  William,  far. ;    P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Getty.  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Getty,  Hamilton,  far.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Galbreath.  William,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairl)ury. 
Galbreath.  8.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(Jardiner.  J.,  Constable ;    P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Goshorn.  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Gibb.J..propr.  coal  shaft;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
(Jriffin,  Jeremiah,  miner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(iibb.  John.  Sr..  miner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Gibb,  J..  Jr.,  coal  shaft:  P.  0-  Fairbury. 
Gardner.  L.  II..  P.  O-  Fairbury. 
Galligan.  Jairus.  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Huber.  Henrv.  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hanna.  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hanna,  Richard,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hanna,  Mrs.  O.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hornbeck,  II..  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hamilton.  Joseph,  far.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Heyer,  Henry,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hughes.  Charles  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Harn.G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Henderson.  T.  G.,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hotchkiss.  M.,coal  shaft:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Hartman,  Henrv.  P.  ( ).  Fairbury. 
Hisel.  William,  farmer:  P.O.  Fairbury. 

Haffey.  Matthew,  lal). :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Harrington.  E..  farmer:  P.  O.   Fairbury. 

Hornback.  J.  I).,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Haller.  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Hanks.  William,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Harris,  T.,  bookkeeper:    P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Hemstead,  Rev.  T..  ininstr :  P.( ).  Fairbury. 

Harlow,  S.  E.,  painter;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Ireland.  Allen,  miner;  P.O.  Fairbury. 

Ireland,  William,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Irwin,  W.  S..  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Jacobs.  J.  T.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Johnson,  H.  E.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Johnson,  F.  I).,  farmer;  P.  O.  F^iirbury. 

Johnson.  G.  W..  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Judge,  Bryan,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Johnson.  W.  IF.  farmer:  P.  O.  p:airl)ury. 

Jones,  Alex.,  carp.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Ja.<-kson,  John,  miner:  P.  O.  Fairluny. 

Kelso.  Wilson. fanner;  P.  O.   Fairl>uiy. 

Kimball,  J.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Kinann,  W.  A.,  farmer;  P.  C  Fairbury. 


Kelly,  J.  ('..  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kaley.  Lawrence,  far.:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Kring,  John.  Sr..  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kring.  John.  Jr..  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kirk  wood.  J.,  coal  shaft:  P.  O.  Fairlmry. 
Kiiby.  James,  fanner:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Kelso.  John,  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Knight.  George,  mason:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Longh.  J.,  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Mecord.  S.  I).,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Moore,  Mrs.  Elizabeth.  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
McKev.  A.  L..  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Moore.  Richard,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Moore.  J.  R..  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Moore.  J.  H.,  farmer: 
Moore,  Isam,  fanner; 
Moore,  J.  (i.,  f aimer: 
Moore,  F.  A.,  farmer 
McDonald.  Michael,  hib.:  P  O.  Fairbury. 
Morris.  J.  O.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
McKee,  Hugh,  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Martin.  John,  fiirmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Martin.  Josei)h.  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Manning.  Job.  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Mitchell.  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Mahoney,  E.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Moore.  John  M.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Myers.  John  F..  farmer:   P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Morgan,  Mary,  Mrs. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Morgan,  AVilliam.  far.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Moran,  P.  F..  miner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Nath,  Jacob,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Nelson,  Walter,  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Niinino.  William,  team. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

iSreurbaum.  Samuel,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


P.  (►.  Fairbury. 
P.  O.  Fairbury. 
P.  O.  Faiii)ury. 
P.  O.  Fairl)ury. 


Orr,  0.  R.,  fanner;  '. 
Odell,  John,  fanner 
Odell,  J.  H..  fanner 
Pate,  T.  J.,  farmer: 
Phillips,  N- 8..  fanner:  P. 
Phillips.  A.  J.,  farmer:  P 


'.  O.  Fairbury. 
i  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
,  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
P.  O.  Fairbury. 

O.  Fairbury. 

O.  Fairbury. 


Phillips,  A.  B..  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Pulliam,  Jiiines,  fanner:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Powell,  'r.  8..  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Pate.  John,  fanner:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Powell.  Ibzaii.  fanner:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Pierson.  James,  fanner:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Peperdine.  Tlioinas.  f;ir..:  P.  G.  Fairbury. 
Potter.  D.  R..  f;inner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Potter,  P.  M.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Quantock,  II.  &  J.,fars.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Records.  J.  8..  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Rodgers,  J.  W..  dairy.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ricketts.  (^dvin.  far.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Redd.  ?:minor.  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hedfern,  Louis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairl)ury. 
Rav,  Tiiomas,  mason;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Robinson.  W.  II..  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Rayburn,  Benj..  farmer;  P.  O.   Fairbury. 
8utter,  Jacob,  fanner:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
8lagle,  8ainuel.  fanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
8ommer,  Peter,  farmer: 
Swansen.  A.  J.,  fanner: 
8mitli,  Joshua,  fanner 
Smitli,  Koberi.  fanner: 
Smitli.  W.  II..  fanner 


P.  O.  Fairbury. 
p.  O.  Fairburv. 
P.  O.  Fairbury. 
P.  i).  Fnirburv. 
P.  O.  Fairburv. 


8mitii.  I).  F.,  nursery;  P.  O.  F;iirbury. 
8mith,  8ime(Mi,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


834 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY  : 


Sinail,  James,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Skinner,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Shover,  Josepb,  mason ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sweet,  F.  C.  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sorg,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sterling,  Tliumas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sullivan,  Patrick,  miner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah,miner ;  P.  (). Fairbury. 
Sutton,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Spangler,  Benj.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Straight,  11.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sykes.  Henry,  farmer :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Scott,  Isaac,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Stephens,  A.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Spence, M.  A.,  farmer;  P.  (). Fairbury. 
Spence,  Gary,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Spence,  Eunice,  Mrs. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Spence,  J.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Spence,  Cyrus,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Spence.  James,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Turner,  R.  W..  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


Travis,  N".  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Toclon,  "William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Thompson,  Charles,  lab.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Thornton,  William,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Trent,  W.  H.,  laborer;  P.  O.  Fairbury.  " 
Veach,  Matilda,  Mrs., far. ;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Vail,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Vanhorn,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Vanscoy.  Levi,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury." 
Vail,  S.L., farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Vail,  John  D.,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Verkler,  Chris,  carp. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Vanausdale,  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wilber,  H.  C.,  gardener;    P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wharton.  A.  B., farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Waples,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Woods,  George,  laborer ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Waldie,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Winger,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wantling,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Young,  Jacob,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


DWICHT    VILLAGE. 


Adams,  S.  G.,  baggage  master. 

Adams,  R.  C,  farmer. 

Alyea,  J.  D.,  carpenter. 

Ahern,  John,  farmer. 

Anderson,  Andrew,  farmer. 

Ackerman,  P.  I.,  butcher. 

Amos,  W.  H.,  farmer. 

Brinkerhoff,  H.,  shoemaker. 

Bohan,  Tliomas,  laborer. 

Bridges,  Hiram,  baggage  master. 

Barnum,  A.  C,  carpenter. 

Baker,  J.  M.,  painter. 

Burger,  Henry,  shoemaker. 

Baker,  J.  Mc,  furniture. 

Bradford,  C.,  merchant. 

Burger,  Miss  J^.,  milliner. 

Baker,  G.  S.,  grocer. 

Baker,  Eugene,  stock  dealer. 

Bradbury,  W.  II.,  lawyer. 

Bell,  R.  W.,  farmer. 

Brnbaker,  A.,  express  agent. 

Brubaker,  Frank,  express  messenger. 

Brennan,  William,  farmer. 

Bell,  S.  W.,  farmer. 

Baker,  ]^.,  butcher. 

Baker  &  I^osee,  butchers. 

Baker,  C  M.,  druggist. 

Baker,  C.  Mc,  furniture. 

Baker,  I.  H.,  furniture. 

Baker,  I.  H.  &  Son,  furniture. 

Banks,  Joseph,  farmer. 

Crandall,  Mrs.  H.  A.,  seamstress. 

Carr,  Mrs.  M.  C,  seamstress. 

Cothrin,  William. 

Clarkson,  William,  farmer. 

Chester,  Mrs.  H.  E. 

Cameron,  Stewart,  carpenter. 

Chambers,  Mrs.  E.  J. 

Conrad,  John,  cooper. 

Conrad,  W.  H.,  cooper. 

Calder,  George,  bridge  carpenter. 


Condon,  James,  laborer. 

Casey,  John,  laborer. 

Crandall,  Charles,  carpenter. 

Clapp,  S.  B.,  restaurant. 

Collins,  E.,  policeman. 

Chariton,  A.  N.,  bookkeeper. 

Clark,  Theodore,  blacksmith. 

Cornell,  Hiram,  livery. 

Conefry,  Patrick,  saloon  keeper. 

Coe,  Joel  H.,  teacher. 

Cyrus,  C  M.,  publisher. 

Chalfant,  C  D.,  physician. 

Cadwalader,  H.,  grain  buyer. 

Daley,  D.  C.,  laborer. 

Dransfeldt,  A.  C,  laborer. 

Doherty,  M.,  laborer. 

Dernback,  Adam,  barber. 

Drew,  Isaac,  farmer. 

Dunlap,  J.  I.,  attorney. 

Douglass,  William,  railroad  agent. 

Diffenbaugh,  J.,  grain  buyer. 

Diffenbaugh  &  Co.,  grain  buyers. 

Dittus,  E.  H.,  farmer. 

D wight  Commercial  Company. 

Donigan,  James,  laborer. 

Dewey,  Peter,  shoemaker. 

Denche,  John,  laborer. 

Esch,  Casper,  laborer. 

Eldridge,  H.,  merchant. 

Eldridge,  S.,  grain  buyer. 

Eldridge,  H.  &  Co.,  merchants. 

Estes,  William,  hardware. 

Flagler,  Eugene,  tinner. 

Fox,  Thomas,  laborer. 

Fay,  Mrs.  Catharine. 

French,  J.  S.,  tinner. 

Flagler,  G.  N.,  painter. 

Flagler,  G.  Z.,  lumber  merchant. 

Flagler  &  Johnson,  lumber  merchants. 

Franklin,  William,  laborer. 

Fox,  Henry,  land  agent. 


DWIGHT  VILLAGE. 


835 


Ford,  r.  W.,  baker. 

Gould,  A.  E.,  merchant. 

Gore,  J.  J.,  laborer. 

George,  Mrs.  Ann. 

Grosli,  John,  farmer. 

Gagliagan,  S.,  fai'mer. 

Gierke,  John,  farmer. 

Goodman,  Stei)hen,  engineer. 

Gould,  Orrin,  farmer. 

Green,  E.  I).,  laborer. 

George,  J.  C,  contractor. 

Gray,  I.  N.,  gardener. 

Geis,  John,  tobacconist. 

Goodman,  J.  J.,  wagon  maker. 

Goodman,  Alfred,  laborer. 

Graham,  T.  J.,  painter. 

Gaylord,  E.,  farmer. 

Hamlin,  Mrs.  E.  M. 

Hamlin,  A.  J.,  carpenter. 

Hall,  Rev.  E.  1).,  M.  E.  minister. 

Hendrickson,  K.  H..  clerk. 

Henshaw,  D.  G.,  telegx'aph  operator. 

Hagarty,  Mrs.  C  F. 

Highshew,  Perry,  carpenter. 

Hutchinson,  J.  E..  laborer. 

Haynes,  A.  H.,  livery. 

Hurley,  Daniel,  laborer. 

Harding,  J.  H.,  laborer. 

Hahn,  Carl. 

Hanley,  Francis,  farmer. 

Hargraves,  F.  B.,  attorney. 

Halm,  (i.  M.,  grain  buyer. 

Hahn  &  Kime,  grain  buyers. 

Hennesy,  John,  laborer. 

Hetzel  &  Bradford,  merchants. 

Hetzel,  J.  C,  merchant. 

Isaacs,  L.,  tniner. 

Jones,  T.  L.,  wagon  maker. 

Jacobson,  H.  P.,  saloon  keeper. 

Jordan,  T.  W..  fireman. 

Jansen,  Hans,  laborer. 

Kennedy,  William,  laborer. 

Kenneyi^S.  H.,  engineer. 

Kyler,  George,  laborer. 

Kellaghar,  William,  labdrei'. 

Kirkindali,  William,  farmer. 

Konney,  Mrs.  M.  Y. 

Koehnlein,  C.,  furniture. 

Kepplinger,  George,  blacksmith. 

Kliver,  John,  saloon  keeper. 

Keeley,  L.  E.,   physician. 

Ketchum,  W.  II.,  farmer. 

Koehler,  Johannes,  saloon  keeper. 

Kearn,  Michael,  saloon  keeper. 

Kenyon,  H.  L.,  carpenter. 

Kenyon,  Lewis,  attorney. 

Ketchum,  J.  D.,  farmer. 

Ketchum,  E.  B.,  merchant. 

Kanuteson,  Jens,  clerk. 

Kenyon  &  Corkins,  stationers. 

Kenyon,  II.  A.,  postmaster. 

Lee,  Oranus,  farmer. 

Liddecott,  Thomas,  shoemaker. 

Long,  Mrs.  Margaret. 

Leach  John,  harness  maker. 

Lewis,  J.  ('.,  jeweler. 

Losec,  Mrs.  L.  J. 

Lower,  Samuel,  blacksmith. 


Lawler,  Ed.,  laborer. 

Leach,  A.  L.,  i)hotographer. 

Little,  John,  railroad  foreman. 

Martin,  Mrs.  Elizabeth. 

Mickelson,  Chris.,  laborer. 

Matsen,  John,  laborer. 

Morrison,  Mrs.  Lydia. 

Miller,  Mrs.  Celia. 

Miller,  Hiram,  mason. 

Mullin,  Harmon,  farmer. 

Maxwell,  J.  11.,  farmer. 

Miller,  Amos  fireman. 

Murphy,  J.  I).,  farmer. 

Miller,  P.  E.,  farmer. 

Mickelson,  N.  N.,  grocer. 

Madsen,  II.  (".,  jeweler. 

Martin,  James,  farmer. 

Miller  Bros.,  clothiers. 

Miller,  A.  H.,  farmer. 

Miller,  Nelson. 

Miller,  Alfred,  drayman. 

Merrill,  E.,  merchant. 

Morgan,  L.,  farmer. 

McDonald,  IL,  stock  dealer. 

McGonagle,  M.,  laborer. 

McTlduff,  James,  justice. 

Mcllduff,  R.  8.,  attorney. 

McWilliams,  David,  banker. 

McWilliams  &  Co.,  merchants. 

McClure,  L.  E.  B.,  shoemaker. 

McKay,  A.,  harness  maker. 

Nelson,  P.  I.,  laborer. 

Newell,  Mrs.  V.  S. 

Nims,  O.  !S.,  agent. 

Newell,  G.  A. i  tinner. 

Newell,  S.  G.,  retired. 

Newell,  H.  T.,  broker. 

O'Neil,  Nelson,  mason. 

Orr,  A.  J.,  laborer. 

Uweiis,  Evans,  clerk. 

O'Maley,  Austin,  laboier. 

Payne,  Joseph,  dentist. 

Payfair,  Edward,  lal)()rer. 

Pool,  J.  C,  mason. 

Pool,  E.  M.,  mason. 

Pratt,  J.  H.,  dairyman. 

Pettett,  J.  A.  laborer. 

Parsons,  J.  B.,  agricultural  implements. 

Parsons,  J.  P..  painti  r. 

Perry,  Thomas,  saloon. 

Pollard,  O.  W.,  lumber  and  hardware. 

Parker,  J.  C.,  farmer. 

Potter,  John,  hardware. 

Page,  Thomas,  harness  maker. 

Potter,  Albert,  iwliceman. 

Peteison,  George,  fireman. 

Pearre,  L.  (t.,  attorney. 

Pollard,  ().  W.  &  Co.,  merchants. 

Palmer,  C  L.,  editor  Dtn'i/ht  star. 

Riggs,  N.,  mason. 

Rabe,  Rev.  W.  L.,  Presbyterian  minister. 

Rich,  Allen,  carpenter. 

Rearick,  M.,  harness  maker. 

Robbins,  W.  IL,  clerk. 

Rattenbury,  F.,  farmer. 

Reeder,  Mrs.  Lucinda. 

Russell,  II.  E.,  carpenter. 

Rodman,  Mrs.  Emily. 


836 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Robinson,  S.  W- 

Rhoda,  A.,  tailor. 

Reeder,  L.,  clerk. 

Roe,  Richard,  farmer. 

Ricliey,  A.,  barber. 

Slauson,  Mrs.  (?.  A. 

Stevens,  Mrs.  L.  N. 

Skinner,  J.  F.,  farmer. 

Siblev,  Joshua,  carpenter. 

Scutt,  I).,  farmer. 

Slauson,  Henry,  laborer. 

Smith,  D..  carpenter. 

Shapland,  R.  H.,  farmer. 

slyder,  J.  L.,  auctioneer. 

Sedgwick,  K.  S.,  clerk. 

Strong,  S.  W.,  insurance  agent. 

Shrimpton,  E.,  laborer. 

Seeley,  W.  P.,  laborer. 

Simmons,  A.  P.,  blacksmith. 

Smitli,  J.  J.,  blacksmith. 

Smith  &  Foersterling,  blacksmitlis. 

Shrimpton,  Joseph,  farmer. 

Stnmg,  James  G.,  grain  buyer. 

Seymour,  G.  A.,  druggist. 

Sorrensen,  Setter. 

Stelmach,  Mrs.  Margaret. 

Sjhumm,  J.  F.,  butcher. 

Sims,  T.  L.,  lumber  dealer. 

Spencer,  J.  A.,  house  mover. 

Sorrensen.  Saren,  farmer. 

Stevens,  E.  R.,  grain  buyer. 

Schumm,  J.  G.,  saloon. 

Stitt,  ^V.  M.,  livery. 

Smith,  Manning,  merchant. 

Siegert,  H.  E.,  miller. 

Shiffer,  John,  laborer. 

Slocum,  () ,  machinist. 

Stafford,  C  H.,  hotel  keeper.     • 

Stafford.  Jolm,  hotel  keeper. 

Turner,  J.  Z.,  yard  master. 

Turner,  J.  A.,  liotel  keeper. 

Thompson,  John,  Justice. 


Thompson,  Robert,  farmer. 

Thompson,  Hugh,  grain  buyer. 

Thompson,  S.  M.,  farmer. 

Thompson,  S.  L.,  harness  maker. 

Thompson,  T.  J.,  farmer. 

Taylor,  W.  H.,  farmer. 

Taylor,  William,  farmer. 

Trimper,  Conrad,  laborer. 

Travis,  Mrs.,  Emily. 

Tate,  W.  J.,  farmer. 

Thole,  H.  G.,  physician. 

Thackaray,  Robert,  farmer. 

Tuttle,  Zopher,  banker. 

Tuttle  &  Rutan,  grain  buyers. 

Tierney,  John,  R.  R.  road  master. 

Ubrick.  Charles,  laborer. 

Willman,  Rev.  L.,  Ger.  M.  E.  minister. 

Weagley,  J.  P.,  retired. 

Weldon,  Thomas,  policeman. 

West,  A.,  laborer. 

Witt,  S.  M.,  constable. 

Winkler,  Simon,  cooper. 

Waters  &  Lower,  blacksmiths. 

Waters,  Charles,  blacksmith. 

Wilks,  M.,  laborer. 

Williams,  Jared,  farmer. 

Williams,  James,  Avagon  maker. 

Wood,  Levi,  farmer. 

West,  James,  laborer. 

Winters,  Stephen,  carpenter. 

Watkins,  J.  W.,  cashier  Exchange  Bank. 

Wright,  T.  M.,  traveling  salesman. 

Weicker,  Philip,  baker. 

Wait,  Benjamin,  farmer. 

Winkler,  William,  farmer. 

Winkler,  David,  farmer. 

Weiler,  E.,  dentist. 

Wilkinson,  M.,  carpenter. 

Walker,  William,  proprietor  planing-raill. 

Young,  Edward,  farmer. 

Zimmer,  A.,  .saloon. 

Zimmer,  Philip,  laborer. 


DWICHT    TOWNSHIP. 


Austin,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Austin,  I.  E.,  dairyman;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Austin,  H.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ambrose,  Jolin,  farmer;  P.   O.  Dwight. 
Boyce,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Burris,  G.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bunting,  Edward,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Burnham,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Boyer,  H.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Boyer,  G.  W.  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brackett.  S.  B.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  G.  W.,  teamster;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Campbell,  J.  &  D. 

Clark,  Gilbert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Christman,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Courll,  M.  D.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Courll,  H.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Conway,  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Carnetusen,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Coe,  A.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Costello,  Mrs.  Bridget,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Collins,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Christesen,  Huna,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Christesen,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Calkins,    Mrs.    S.   W.,    farmer  ;     P.    O. 

Dwight. 
Canham,"J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Carey,  Francis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Currie,  James,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Conant,  G.  T.,  far.  and  carp. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Chariton,  James,  laborer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Cody,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Corfact,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Cornell,  N.,  contractor;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Dunlap,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Dunlap,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Dunlap,  J.  K.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Dannan,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Darman,  J.  W.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Darman,  E.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


DWIGHT  TOWNSHIP. 


837 


Davis,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Davis,  F.  W.,  contractor;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Delaney,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Emigh,  J.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ellsesser,  C  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ellsesser,  Theobokl,  far.;  P.  (>.  Dwight. 
Fikes,  C  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Foersterling,  E.  P.,  blacksmith;   P.   <). 

Dwiglit. 
Fallis,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Fowlie,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Fenn,  W.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ford,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Goodspeed,  Saml.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gillispie,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Gustin,  J.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gregory,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Grimes,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gemmill,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gallup,  R.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gardiuier,  J.  >s.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gibbons,  Philip,  farmer;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Gardner,  Adolph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
(iaston,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Good,  Aaron,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Good,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Gardner,  R.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Groll,  Peter,  carpenter;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Glass,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gaghagen,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Hansen,  H.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
HoUmyer,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Harrington,  Peter,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Huggins,  Thomas,  farmer:  P.O.  Dwight. 
Highlands,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Hunter,  Roland,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Haley,  Hugh,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Heinen,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Iverson,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jeffries,  J.  W.  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jeffries,  Robin.son,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jeffries,  Jeremiah,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jeffries,  J.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jelfries,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jeffries,  William,  farmer ;   P.O.  Dwight. 
Jordan,  D.  Q..,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Judge,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Judge,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Kimble,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kelley,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kline,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Klughart,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Keck,  Chauncey,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ketcham,  Joshua,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kneeland,  E.  H.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Klughart,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Knox,  Thomas,  farmer  ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Klappean,  Frank,  farnur:  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Knox,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
I^ong,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lister.  James,  farmer:  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Lakin,  F.  A.  fanner;  V.  O.  Dwight. 
Lees.  R.  S.,  fanner:  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Lloyd.  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ligiithokler,  J.,  farmei-;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Losee.  (".  B..  fanner;  P  O.  Dwight. 

Laase,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Lewis,  D.  D..  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight. 


Maitland.  Walter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Marter.  William,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Munns.  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mills.  R.  IP,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mills,  E.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Marlin,  (J.  W..  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morrison.  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morris.  W.  E..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morris.  James,  farmei-;  P.  <).  Dwight. 
Means.  J.  T..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morris,  T.  K.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morris,  ('.  Mrs.,  larmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morrissy  Nicholas,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McCord".  \y.  It.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McMahon.  Clia.s..  fanner:  V.  O.  Dwight. 
McCarter.  .las.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McLatiin,  Wm..  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McGovern,  C,  fanner;  P.O.  Dwight. 
McCay.    Robert,   harness   maker;    P.   O. 
Dwight. 

Peterson.  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Phillips,  Sarah,  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Patterson,  A.  J.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Paul.  W.  T.  N..  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Paul.  James,  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Poulson,  Hans,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Potter,  A.  G..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Persclinick.  (}..  fanner;  P.O.  Dwight. 

Parker.  J.  C.  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwiglit. 

Prime,  S.  T.  K..  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Pettet.  G.  T.,  lanner:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Phillips,  J.  W..  fanner:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Parker,  Elijah,  farmer :  P.  O.  Dwight. 

I'ayfair,  C  E..  carp.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Patton.  Adam,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Peterson,  S.  A.. drayman;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Parker,  Edward,  carp:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rutter,  CliaUant.  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Robinson,  ('.  IP,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Ross,  Andrew,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Hadcliff,  J.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Riling,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Roeder,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Reel),  Adolph".  lab.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rutan,  Daniel,  fanner:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Reagan.  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 

Rhodes.  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

(Sampson,  S.  D..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Smith,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Smith.  A.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwnght. 

Sheiwood.  J.  11..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Schroder,  Louis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Sondiup.  S.  M..  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Semandel.  (\.  fanner;  P.O.   Dwight. 

Smith.  J.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Sloan.  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Stetfen,  F.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Staley,0.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Stanley,  John,  fanner:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Shevlan,  Patrick,  farmer :  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Steichen.  ("lenient,  farmer:  J*.  O.  Dwight. 

Stapleton.  Thomas,  far. :  P.O.  Dwight. 

SInimplon,  J'hilip,  farmer:  P.O.  Dwight. 

Smith,  J.  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Slvder,  Jesse,  auctioneer;  P.  (>.  l>wight. 

Tunibaugh.  II..  faiiner;  P.  O    Dwiglit. 

Tanner.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Tavaires,  F.  M.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight. 


838 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Thompson,  T.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Thompson,  J.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tnrnbaiigh,  H.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wiley,  Samuel,  fanner;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wiley,  Archibald,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Warby,  F.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Whitlock,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Waters,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wood,  L.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Winsor,  H.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Willmott,  Kobert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


CHATSWORTH    VILLAGE 


Altman,  William,  merchant. 

Anslinger,  A.,  laborer. 

Ackley,  Y.,  larmer. 

Adams,  J.  K.,  drayman. 

Artist,  W.  B.,  laborer. 

Brown,  J.  E.,  bank  clerk. 

Brace,  H.,  laborer. 

Byington,  William  C,  physician. 

Brown,  T.  Y.,  retired  farmer. 

Bostock,  F.  H.,  physician. 

Beach  Bros.,  merchants. 

Bangs,  H.  M.,  druggist. 

Bangs,  H.  A.,  capitalist. 

Bangs,  G.  A.,  druggist. 

Bangs,  G.  A.  &  Co.,  druggists. 

Braun,  John,  restaurant. 

Braun,  Anna. 

Brigham,  D.,  mnfr.  of  Feed  Mills. 

Buller,  W.,  blacksmith. 

Beckmann,  George,  blacksmith. 

Beckmann,  C.  R.,  blacksmith. 

Barth,  II.,  wagon  maker. 

Bullock,  Mrs.  A.  F. 

Birt.  John,  well  digger. 

Bullard,  J.  T.,  lumber  dealer. 

Crane,  A.  M.,  groceries. 

Carragan,  J.,  retired  fanner. 

Colwell,  N.  J.,  clerk. 

Cole,  F.  11.,  farmer. 

Cook,  P.  J.,  laborer. 

Coneling,  AVilliam,  hotel  keeper. 

(^hadwick,  L.,  retired  farmer. 

Chmcey,  M.,  laborer. 

Cooper,  C,  taxidermist. 

Carr,  B.  B. 

Curran,  Thomas  S.,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

<  'rumpton,  S.,  grain  buyer. 

Daffin,  G.  W.,  Constable. 

Dickinson,  J.  T.,  school  teacher. 

Dancey,  James,  merchant. 

Doolittle,  James,  merchant. 

Dennis,  Wm.  F.,  tinner. 

Day,  ( Uiarles,  laborer. 

Delong,  J.  L.,  merchant. 

Darling.  A.,  laborer. 

Dorcey,  S.,  Mrs. 

Dorcey,  John,  drayman. 

Daffin,  A.,  livery  stable. 

Esty,  G.  E.,  live-stock  dealer. 

Ferris,  H.,  farmer. 

Fi-ee,  M.,  carpenter. 

Free,  H. 

Fitzmaurice,  P.,  section  boss  on  railroad. 

Fitzmaurice,  M.,  saloon  keeper. 

Fenn,  E.  P.,  farmer. 

Frye,  William  C,  farmer. 


Friedrich,  A.,  farmer. 

Fosdick,  S.  T.,  lawyer. 

Fowler,  Frank,  wagon  maker. 

Griswold,  A.  D.,  Miss,  milliner. 

Gunsul,  Justus,  livery  stable. 

Grending,  A.,  harness  maker. 

Gehm,  William,  laborer. 

Gilmore,  C,  farmer. 

Guenther,  C.,  harness  maker. 

Gerhart,  P.  J.,  engineer. 

Greenwood,  C  G.,  grain  buyer. 

Greenwood,  H.  A.,  grain  buyer. 

Gerhart,  E.  P.,  Mrs.,  milliner. 

Hall,  W.  C.,  grain  buyer. 

Hall,  W.  S.,  furniture. 

Hall,  M.  H.,  groceries. 

Hall,  A.  H.,  photographer. 

Hall  &  Crane,  grocers. 

Hoof  man,  P.,  carpenter. 

Hubbard,  J.  F.,  farmer. 

Hemperly,  G.  L.,  clerk. 

Heppe,  C,  baker. 

Houseworth,  Y-,  laborer. 

Habercorn,  E..  farmer. 

Hickey,  M.,  farmer. 

Harris,  S.  B.,  drayman. 

Hoadley,  C.  R.,  physician. 

Hunt,  D.  W.,  physician. 

Irvin,  Wm.,  house  and  sign  painter. 

Joyce,  William,  farmer. 

Joyce,  Ed.,  farmer. 

Jackson,  E.  A.,  hardware. 

Jack.son,  E.  A.  &  Co.,  hardware. 

Jones,  A.  J. .Mrs. 

Jennson,  M.,  laborei. 

Kenyon,  A.,  Baptist  clergyman. 

Kalish,  Joseph,  laborer. 

Kemmets,  M.,  laboi-er. 

Klover,  Theo.,  carpenter. 

Kyser,  G.  A.,  laborer. 

Kamrath,  William,  laborer. 

Kenyon,  iST.  C,  Postmaster. 

Koepke,  Julius,  butcher. 

Ivors,  Gottlieh,  laborer. 

Keeney,  William,  laborer. 

Kelly,  Robert  R.,  farmer. 

Lucas,  Charles,  shoemaker. 

Lunghui'st,  E.,  saloon  keeper. 

Linton,  W.  A.  carpenter. 

Lantry,  Jesse,  hardware. 

I^antry  &  Roberts,  hardware. 

Lamley,  I.,  gardener. 

Linn,  Thomas,  retired  farmer. 

Levitt,  (i.  ().,  farmer. 

Larned,  L.  T.,  grain  dealer  and  farmer. 

Managan,  W. 


CHATSWORTH  TOWNSHIP. 


839 


Molitos,  E.,  Mrs. 

Martin,  D.,  laborer. 

Myers,  J.  M.,  Police  and  Constable. 

McAffee,  G.  F.,  Presbyterian  Clergyman. 

Meister,  Louis,  shoemaker. 

Mette,  Louis,  restaurant. 

McGinnis,  J.  II.,  laborer. 

Morton,  William,  farmer. 

Mehrer,  George,  laborer. 

Moore,  S.,  laborer. 

Martin,  II.,  laborer. 

Meister,  Peter,  farmer. 

Nash,  T.  W.,  school  teacher. 

Nagle,  A.,  saloon  keeper. 

Osborne,  A.  F.,  Station  Agent. 

Osborne,  Frank,  farmer. 

0'N6il,  D.,  laborer. 

O'Neil,  John,  carpenter. 

Orr,  A.,  blacksmith. 

Piper,  Mary. 

Patton.  Samuel,  machinist. 

Price,  Charles,  laborer. 

Palmer,  C  I). 

Roberts,  E.  B.,  carpenter. 

Rose,  P.,  laborer. 

Rowe,  C,  laborer. 

Royal,  N.,  butcher. 

Richardson.  Thomas,  laborer. 

Rising,  M.,  merchant. 

Reiss,  Charles,  baiber. 

Roberts,  A.  M.,  hardware  and  groceries. 

Roberts,  Horace,  farmer. 

Reynolds,  D..  saloon  keeper. 

Riley,  P.,  laborer. 

Stillwell,  W.  M.,Mrs. 

Shroyer,  P.,  coal  dealer. 

Sorg,  Louis,  tailor. 

Smith,  A.  W.,  retired  farmer. 

Smith,  J.  A.,  grain  dealer. 

Stephens,  Carl,  wagon  maker. 

Satthoff,  T.,  laborer. 

Spurgeon,  R.  M.,  editor  PhmuleaJer. 

Sanford,  O.,  livery. 

Speicher,  L.  C,  blacksmith, 

Strawn,  N.  M.,  Miss. 

Strawn,  C  A.,  Mrs. 

Sears,  William  W. 


Sleberts,  Charles,  blacksmith. 

Searing,  A.  B.,  grain  and  agl.  imp.  dealer. 

Scoville,  R.,  grain  and  agl.  imp.  dealer. 

Siebold,  W.  F.,  liv. -stock  dealer. 

Spear,  J.  W.,  corn  sheller. 

Shenk,  J.  A.,  saloon  keeper. 

True,  J.  G.,  jeweler. 

Torrance,  G.,  lawyer. 

Todd,  William,  farmer. 

Townsend,  R. 

Turner,  II.  P.,  grain  and  agl.  imp.  dealer. 

Taggart,  James,  laborer. 

True,  Charles.  i)hysician. 

Tobianskey,  John,  laborer. 

Tobianskey,  M.,  laborer. 

Timms,  John,  lumber  dealer. 

Van  Alstyjie,  A.,  wagon  maker. 

Weygant,  Eli,  farmer. 

Wallrichs,  William,  butcher. 

Wallrichs  &  Koepke,  butchers. 

Wriglit,  William,  janitor  at  school  house. 

Woodward,  G.  II.,  laborer. 

Watson,  Joseph,  live-stock  dealer. 

Walker,  William. 

Walker,  C,  farmer. 

Willet,  I.,  teamster. 

Waters,  S.,  stone  mason. 

Walters,  John,  merchant. 

Walters,  (r.  J.,  merchant. 

Wakelin,  W.  H.,  merchant. 

Watson,  John,  bricklayer. 

Wyman,  J.,  merchant. 

VVrede,  Henrv,  boot  and  shoe  dealer. 

Webster,  S.  D. 

Walker,  II.,  barber. 

Wachtman,  John,  laborer. 

Wheaton,  E.  V.,  laborer. 

Westphal,  Frank,  laborer. 

Williams,  Wm.,  miller. 

Wilson,  C  A.,  banker. 

Wilson,  C.  A.  &  Co.,  banker. 

Wood,  H.  R.,  Methodist  clergyman. 

Wood,  Samuel. 

Weinland,  Charles,  live-stock  dealer. 

Young,  John,  merchant. 

Yates,  B.  L.,  farmer. 


CHATSWORTH    TOWNSHIP. 


Armstrong,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Anderson,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ammons,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Arrowsmith,  Jas.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Birkev,  C,  far.;  P.  O  Cliatsworth. 
Brady,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brown,  C  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bigham,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bardaux,  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bardaux,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bardoux,  Louis,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ballinger,  S-mi'l,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Braun,  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Bulley,  Frank,  far.;  P  O.  Chatsworth. 
Burch,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


Bell,  Al.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Buckingham,  J.  &  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chats- 
worth. 

Burk,  Gustavus,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Behrens,  Fred.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Brace.  Moses,  far.:  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 

Brockway,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
'  Britton,  Frank,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth, 

Bean.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Crouch,  E.,  fiir.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Caughey,  S.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
1  Cline,  G.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
I  Carlon,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Cumpston,  S.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Carson,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


840 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Cragg,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Curtis,  L..  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Chambers.  Jacob,  far.:  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Cenmers,  John,  far. ;  P.  O  Chatsworth. 
Castetter,  David,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cullen,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Davis,  Dwight,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Davis,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Dart,  C.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Daaemann,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dewees,  Wm..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dunnington,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dunnington,  Jno.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Davis,  P.  C,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Dalf,  A.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Entwistle,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Entres,  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Egffleston.  W.  H..  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Chatsworth. 
Frank,  AVm..  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Ferrins.  John,  far.,  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Purr.  S.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fye.  Frank,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Ferree.  John,  far.;  P,  O.  Chatsworth. 
Francy,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatswoith. 
Garrigan,  M.,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Goodrich.  B.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hahn,  Conrad,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatswortli. 
Herbert,  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Henry,  Joim,  far. ;  P.  O.  (-hatsworth. 
Habercorn,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Halferty,  R.  K-,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Heald,  Louis,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Heald,  M..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hawood,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hoehle,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hammond,  E.  L.,  far. ;  P.  C).  Chatsworth, 
Huffman,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hitch,  S.  S.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hitcli,  Richard,  far.;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Hine,  Wm.  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hamilton,  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hager,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hager,  A.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatswortii. 
Hilyenback,  D.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Harrigan,Wm.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Imles.  Henry,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Joseph,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Kenyon,  N.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Koehler,  Gustus,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Koehler,  A.,far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ketchum.  Sara,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Kister,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Kanmer,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kanraer,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Levering,  H.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Libbv,  F.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatworth. 
Libby,  W^m.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Lyman,  E.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Miller,  A.  T.,  far. ;  P.  < ).  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  M.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  M.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Myers,  Wilson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Mahannah,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Mahr,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Mahr,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatswoith. 
McGuire,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
McMillan,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


McBride,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth- 

Marshall,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Murphy,  P..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Meister,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Menty,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Nagle,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Neun,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

O'Brien,  Ellen,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

O'Brien,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Oliver,  Franklin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Oliver,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Pearson,  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Poneers,  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Puffer,  8.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Puffer,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Puffer.  D.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Packnett,  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Pierce,  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Pierce,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Pratt,  A.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Payston,  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Pollard,  J.;  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Rosenberger.  John  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chats- 
worth. 

Roberts,  F.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Roberts,  A.  C  &  G.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chats- 
worth. 

Roberts,  Maria,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Reeves,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Rohmann,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Ryan,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Reynolds,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Reid,  W.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Rumbold,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Rehm,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Spear,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Semmelraann,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Stoutemyer,  W.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chats- 
worth. 

Stoutmyer,  L.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Sleeth,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Shepherd,  H.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Shepherd,  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Shedd,  H.  O.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Shawd,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Sneitzer, S.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cha  sworth. 

Schwing,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Schaffer,  Irving,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Schaffer,  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Schaffer,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Smith,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Stafford,  Oliver,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Schroen,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Samuel,  Shreeve.  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Turnbull,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Todd,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Temiins.  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Uhl,  H.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Voorhies,  I.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Yan  Patton,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Watson,  Martin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Wagner,  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Winans.  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Waugh,  Carl  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Wittles,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 

Wittles,  F.,  Jr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Wheeling,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Walsh,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


ODELL  VILLAGE. 


841 


Woodard.  Thos.;  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Waidwell,  O.,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Young,  Robert,  far.:  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 


Yates,  H.  W.,  far.  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Yates.  B.  L.,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


ODELL    VILLAGE. 


Angell,  Ethan,  farmer. 
Alford,  C  B.,  physician. 
Allen,  Enoch,  carriage  maker. 
Abbaduska,  George,  painter. 
Ames,  David,  farmer. 
Aerl,  Alvaro,  lumber  dealer. 
Axt,  Charles,  jeweler. 
Anderson,  E.  C,  laborer. 
Ansorge,  E.,  clothier. 
Bishop,  Ezra,  blacksmith. 
Badger,  Mrs.  Lucy. 
Booskirk,  S.,  painter. 
Beck,  J.  M.,  butcher. 
Bolenssifer,  F.,  merchant. 
Boulter,  Charles,  farmer. 
Bennister,  T.  ()..  physician. 
Boulter,  Ed.,  liveryman. 
Buchanan,  William,  carpenter. 
Bucher,  Nicholas,  saloon  keeper. 
Conn,  A.  J.,  farmer. 
Close,  John,  farmer. 
Cole,  S.,  furniture. 
Conarton,  Thomas. 
Davis  &  Steep,  butchers. 
Debrae,  Ed.,  Constable. 
Desvoignes,  A.,  harness  maker. 
Desvoignes,  J.  P.,  retired. 
Deyo,  Egbert,  merchant. 
Drake,  W.  C,  farmer. 
Eggenberger,  G..  baker. 
Eastman,  J.  D.,  farmer. 
Eastman,  C.  D.,  farmer. 
Ford,  S.,  (;lerk. 
Fores,  James,  broker. 
Fores,  Victor,  Jarmer. 
Finefleld,  Charles,  blacksmith. 
Funk,  James  H.,  attorney. 
Funk,  A.,  insurance  agent. 
French,  H.  R.,  teacher. 
Fairfield,  A.  B.,  capitalist. 
Foote  &  Whitney,  merchants. 
Foote,  Charles,  merchant. 
Fairfield,  J.  ().,  farmer. 
Fouger,  Isaac,  drayman. 
Gower,  John,  laborer. 
Green,  L.  L.,  farmer. 
Gebhardt,  Charles,  furniture. 
Houchin,  Ewin,  farmer. 
Hungerford,  Charles,  cigar  makei-. 
Hennick,  Charles,  clerk. 
Hampton,  John. 
Hallersberg,  G.  D. 
Huntei',  James,  blacksmith. 
Hunt,  vSylvester,  Postmaster. 
Howard,  J.  K.,  carpenter. 


Houchin,  William,  farmer. 
Hamlin,  J.  K.,  laborer. 
Hossack,  -lohn,  grain  dealer. 
Hossack,  William,  grain  dealer. 
Jones,  Emmett  J^.,  merchant. 
Kenyon,  George,  merchant. 
Keniy^on,  P.  W.,  lumber  dealer. 
Kidder,  Joel,  druggist. 
Kenvon  &  Gallagher,  grocers. 
Matheison,  C.  H.,  farmer. 
Mattison,  C.,  pump  dealer. 
Morgan,  A.  R.,  Mrs. 
Munson,  George,  broker. 
McWilliams,  John,  broker. 
McCormick.  Seth,  wagon  maker 
Millay,  James,  teamster. 
Morton  &  Gammon,  merchants. 
McDonald,  S.  B.,  laborer. 
Mack,  li.,  merchant. 
Metz,  Peter,  farmer. 
Nichols,  Charles,  farmer. 
Penney,  S.  H.,  banker. 
Penney,  J.  L.,  merchant. 
Pound,  J.  D.,  Justice. 
Puffer,  R.  R.,  carpenter. 
Pound,  Thomas,  farmer. 
Peinet,  Joseph,  grocer. 
Pope,  Ichabod,  farmer. 
Putnam,  E.  G.,  salesman. 
Premersdorfer,  R.,  shoemaker. 
Robinson,  Mrs.  Polly 
Ray,  J.  H.,  hotel. 
Supplee,  Z.,  merchant. 
Strawn,  William,  farmer. 
Southwick,  M.,  drayman. 
Solon,  Tliomas,  saloon  keeper. 
Sexton,  A.  D.,  farmer. 
Shultz,  George,  saloon  keeper. 
Thompson,  John,  carpenter. 
Thomas,  Giles,  blacksmith. 
Thomas,  D.  M.,  farmer. 
Trobridge,  James,  livery. 
Upham,  F.  F.,  peddler. 
Vaughn,  Ira,  carpenter. 
Vincent,  I.  F.,  grain  dealer. 
Vincent,  Charles,  grain  dealer. 
Vaughn,  Daniel,  druggist. 
Vaughn,  E.  M.,  druggist. 
Vosburg,  H.,  livery. 
Wright,  Alonzo  P.,  attorney. 
Wright,  N.  E.,  grain  dealer. 
Wright,  M.  E.,  >[agistrate. 
Wisner,  P.,  stock  dealer. 
Wooley,  Theron,  farmer. 
Zwiefel,  John,  merchant. 


842 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


ODELL   TOWNSHIP. 


Aapkins,  Tjakko  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Anderson,  Andrew,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Allen,  William,  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Benedict,  Ann,  Mrs. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Burke,  John,  farmer :  P.  O.  Cayusa. 
Baker,  S.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Beanier,  Louisa,  Mrs.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Beck,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Buchanan,  W.  J.  carpenter;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Bloss,  AYilliam,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Benson,  Ben.  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Borgeman,  K.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Barber,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Barnes,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Bourquin,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brown,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Beteman,  T).  N. 

Canuteson,  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Coe,  C.  X.,  grain  dealer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Craft,  Philip,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
(Jhapman,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Calkins,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
C'hapman,  Agnes,  Mrs.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Courtney,  w:  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Carmichael,  N.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Carpenter,(\  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Oaell. 
Cleary,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Close,  S.  S.  &  S.,  farmers:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cleary,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Christian,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Campbell,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Clark,  A.  G..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Clay,  Jerry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Church,  W.  J.,  teacher;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Clair,  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Carpenter,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Craven,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dawson,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Dawson,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Donohue,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Downey,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Deboerl,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Deyo,  M.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Eastman,  C  D-,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Eastman,  J.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Eppler,  Peter,  Postmaster;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Eggleston,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
French,  Joseph,  Jr..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Fife,  H.  S. 
Freidesy,  Peter. 

Fitzpatrick,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ferguson,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ford,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ferguson,  Alex.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Forbes,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Fduger,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Foryer,  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Farmer,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gibson,  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Goggins,  William,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gingrich,  TIenry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gilbert, Marvin",  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Guppy,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Goodspeed,  A.  G.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 


Gordon,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Goodhue,  H.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gore.  A.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoopes,  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Heath,  Enos,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hendrickson.  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Harris.  Elijali,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Halliday,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Howen,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Harris,  Jackson,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoghouse,  Peter,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Hamlin.  H.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Heath.  Ira,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Heath.  Lucius,  agr.  impts. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Imrie,  William,  farmer;  P-  O.  Odell. 
Inirie.  Abraham,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Jones,  Rees,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  Christ,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Jacob,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  Jens,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Kan uteson.  Lars,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Kidd,  William. farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Knight,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  OdeU. 
Kelly, Thomas,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Lowell.  Lockvvood,  farmer;  P.  O.  (Jdell. 
Lowell,  Eugene,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Leonard.  B.  F.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Lee,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Lee,  Bent, 

Luke,  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Lyons,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Murkins,  Lafayette, farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Murkins,  Joseph,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Murphy,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Mund,  Charlotte,  Mrs.,  P.  O.  Odell. 
Moore,  Joseph  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Moore.  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
McWilliams.  John, farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Miller,  Eobert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
^Nlurraj',  Patrick,  farmer:  P.  O.   Odell. 
McDojiald,  M.  P. 

McCormick,  Theodore,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Muir,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Mamer,  Theodore,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Murton,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Miller,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Mo  wry,  Chris,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Morse, L.,  farmer:  P.  ().  Odell. 
McLain,  C  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Murray,  William,  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Mataska.  Andrew,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
McAllister,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Murray,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Morrow,  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
McLain,  Charles,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
McCloud,  William,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Nettleton,  George,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Odeson,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
O'Brien.  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
O'Brien.  Michael,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Phillips.  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Pfau,  J.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Pepperd,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
T'arsons,  Byron,  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell. 


FORREST   TOWNSHIP. 


843 


Pearson,  Hem  y,  farmer:  P.O.  Odell. 
Pearson. Thomas.  I'ariiier:  P.  ().  Odell. 
Pepperd,  Charles,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Pitz,  Nicholas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Paul,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Quinn.  James,  farmer;  P.  C).  Odell. 
Reynolds,  Ross,  faimer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Richardson,  M.,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Rosenbaush.  Louisa,  >rrs. 
Roan,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ready.  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Rowen,  B.  F..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ryall,  J.  H..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Raymond,  J.  11..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Rider,  Wash,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Rogers,  George,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Stanton, Edward,  farmer;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Skipton,  J.  v.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Sellmyer,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Skinner,  George,  farmer,  P.  O.  Cavuga. 
Slack,  Theodore,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Scroder,  Carl,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Schmitzer,  Lucy,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Shepard,  James,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Spears,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Smith,  Robert,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Stein,  E.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Salter,  J.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Timm,  William,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 


Tombaugh.  ^r..  Co.  Supt.  Schools;  P.  O. 

Odell. 
Timm,  .lohn,  faimer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Thouipson,  Ole,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Thompson,  Harney,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Thompson,  Xels, farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Tuesburgh,  C.  IL.  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Uselding.  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Verdun,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Verrv,  O.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
White,  .John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wallace,  I).  ()..  farmer;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Whalen,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wood,  E.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Weygandt.Wm..  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Weygandt,  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wood,  F.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wood,  M.  A..  Mrs.,  P.  O.  Odell. 
Walter,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wakey,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wells,  L.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wood,M.H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Worthley,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Worthley,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Young, Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Young,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.O. Odell. 
Ziebarth,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Zolordorf,  Fred., farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 


FORREST    TOWNSHIP. 


Anderson,  J.  D.,  farmer;  P.O. Forrest. 
Anderson,  C.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Alford,  McKindry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bartlett,  S.  C  &  Co.,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Peoria. 
Brady,  James,  farmer. 
Baker,  H.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Baker,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Bennett,  N.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  jSTorman. 
Bates,  R.  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Barber,  Elijah,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Barber,  George,  farmer ;  P.  O.   Norman. 
Burt,  E.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Broadhead,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Becktold,  J.  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bally,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Boucher,  Edward,  farmer;  P.  O.Forrest. 
Broadhead,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Brennan,  James,  Sec.  Boss ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Cording,  A.,  merchant;  P.  0.  Norman. 
Cooper,  A.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Cooper,  James  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Christoff,  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Coan,  M.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Coan,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Craig,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Cording,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Cording,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Crocker,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Cook,  William  P.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Forrest. 
Cooper,  S.  H..  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Duell,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Dwyer,  F.  M.,  blacksmith;  P.O.  Norman. 
Dunavan,,].  W.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 


Delatour,  A.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Damon,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Davis,  P.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dickson,  C.  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Norman. 
Dimmick,  Henry,  farmer;  P.O.Norman. 
Downing,  W.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Downing,  R.  V.,  farming;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Davis,  Mary,  Mrs.,  P.  O.  Norman. 
Davis,  Albert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Davis,  F.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Dixon,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Dixon,  Springer,  farmer;  P.  0.  Norman. 
Dwyer,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.O.  Forrest. 
Eastman,  N.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Erich,  Joseph,  farmer. 
Ernst,  Adam,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Evans,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Eddy,  Henry,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Eddy,  Stephen,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Fry,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Farragher,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.O.  Forrest. 
Francis,  J.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Frances,  E.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Farney,  M.  S.,  farmer ;  P.  0.  Forrest. 
Farney,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest.  " 
Francis,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Francis,  William  W.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Norman. 
Fiegel,  Pierre,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Garrily,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Galbraith,  J.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Griffin,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Gibb,  Robert,  farmer,  P.  0.  Norman. 
Hagarty,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 

15 


844 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY; 


Higbee.  J.  N.  &J.  A.,  far. :  P.  ()•  Fairbury. 
Hodgson,  Zimri,  farmer;  P.  (>.  Forrest. 
Hull.  O.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Xorman. 
Hull,  X.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Higgins,  P.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Haiinan,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Hackley,  Samuel  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Igou,  D.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Johnson,  Lubl)e,  farmer;  P.  O.   Xorman. 
Krack,  George  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Krack,  W.  L.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Krack,  John  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Knights,  J.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
J.iddle,  James,  farmer;  P,  ().  Strawn. 
Lovell,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Xorman. 
Moyle,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
McClanahan,  A.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Marshall,  R.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
McCrysta),  John,  farmer;  P.O.  Forrest. 
Motley,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Xorman. 
Magee,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Montgomery,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Murpliy,  Ed.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Murphy,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  McClary. 
McCormick,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Martin,  George,  farmer;  P.  0.  Forrest. 
Meisenholder,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Markwalder,  John,  far. ;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Mangen,L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Mann,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
McCormick,  James,  far. ;  P.  0.  McClary 
Major,  A.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Major,  C.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Eureka. 
Major,  Benjamin,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Miller,  C  R.,far.;  P.  O.  Wichita,  Kan. 
Xorm.m,  John  R.  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Xorman,  R.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Xelsoii,  Geo.,  Postmaster;  P.O.  McClary. 
Xorman,  William,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Xussbaum,  Jacob,  farmer ;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Xussbaum,  John,  farmer :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Xorris,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Oppie,  A.  X^.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
O'Maley,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Orr.  John  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Parker,  William, farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
I^atterson,  A.,  faimer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Patterson,  J.  F., farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Phillips,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Phillips,  E.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Pauley,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Phillips.  E.  B.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Quinn,  James,  farmer;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Rook,  William, farmer;  P.  O.  Xorman. 
Russell,  Rol)ert.  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Raley,  Noah,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Ricketts,  J.  S..  farmer, 
lliley,  T.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hoss,  James  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Real,  -lohn,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Riley,  T.  G..  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 


Ryan.  William,  farmer;  P.O.  Forrest. 
Ryan,  William,  farmer. 
Srnitli.  Bronson,  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 
StewJirt.  Willis,  farmer:  P.  O.  Peru. 
Smith,  Elijal],  farmer:  P.  O.   Fairbury. 
Snyder,  J;imes,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Spikings,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Slocombe.  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Stacker. Cliarles.  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Stuckey,  T.  G..  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Slocombe,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Shannen,  James,  farnipr;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Strawn,  J.  R..  farmer;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Stafford,  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Swartz,  George,  farmer:  P.  O.  Norman. 
Somers,  P.  F..  faiuier:  P.  O.  Norman. 
Spray,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Normiii. 
Sampy,  James,  farmer ;  P.O.  Xorman. 
Spray,  J.  T.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Xorman. 
Strawn,  Clara  A..;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Stanford,  L.  B..  farmer;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Shaw,  Elias. 

Sohn,  Philip,  farmer ;  P.  ( ).  McClary.  i 

Smith,  Chris,  farmer:  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Stuckv,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Stuckev,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Somers',  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Xcnman. 
Somers,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Shaw,  William  E., ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Snyder,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  (J.  Forrest. 
Tanquary,  James,  farmer;  P.  O   Norman. 
Trine,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Townsend,  G.  W. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Thiss,  Frank, farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Thome,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Strawn. 
Tewksbury,  C  D., farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Taylor,  M.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Tavener,  William, farmer;  P.  O.Norman. 
Trotter,  M.  K., farmer;  P.  O.Forrest. 
Ulbright,  Henry,  farmer ;  P,  O.Forrest. 
Van  Arsdale,  C,  farmer;  P.  ().  McClary. 
Van  Ostrand,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Wilke,  Henry,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Wetbreck,  Angelos,  farmer. 
Watterson,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Witzel,  Conrad,  farmer. 
Wanger,  Conrad,  farmer;  P.O.  McClary. 
Weber,  Fred.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Peoria. 
Weeks,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.   Fairbury. 
Wood,  H.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Wallace,  John  R.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Woodburn,  C  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Watson,  H.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Winn,  J.  P..  farmer ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Wallace.  John,  farmer;  F.  0.  Forrest. 
Young,  Valentine,  far. ;  P.   O.  Fairbury. 
Yoder,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Yoder,  Mary, ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Zimmerman,  Andrew. far. ;  P.  O.  McClary. 
Zinmierman,  .John,  far. ;  P.  O.  McClary. 


FORREST  VILLAGE.— READTNO   TOWNSHIP. 


845 


FORREST    VILLAGE. 


Beelie,  K.  I'.,  grain  rnerdiant. 
I3r;inz,  Ernst,  gioceryman. 
Burgess.  J.C.  »S  Son.  grain  dealer 
Bullard.  L.,  Postniaster. 
Clement,  Jennie. 
Carter,  (leorge  AV..  carp, 
("oyner.  .John  A.,  farmer. 
Dietiker.  .Tolin,  butcher. 
Delatour,  J.  Ti.,  merchant. 
Deitrick.  S.,  butcher. 
Dunliam.  S.  A.,  physician. 
Duckett,  Daniel,  physician. 
Dubois,  John,  groceryman. 
Fellows.  James  II ,  teacher. 
Furguson,  W.  H.,  shoemaker. 
Gray.  Thomas,  t'armei-. 
Geiger,  John  ^I.,  mercliant. 
Ilinman,  J.  B.,  merchant. 
Hoyt,  8.  A.,  grain  dealer. 
Jackson,  AV.  H  ,  laborer. 
Jennings,  8.  T.,  merchant. 
Kerr,  T.  J.,  merchant. 
Ledgerwood,  James,  farmer. 
Leay,  John,  laborer. 


Lee.  Wm.  I).,  laborer. 

Montgomery,  Richard,  farmer. 

Moore,  B.  A".,  farmer. 

Moyer,  Henry,  confectioner. 

Xortli,  Charles,  farmer. 

Odell.  R.  M.agt.  T..  P.  &  W.  R.  R. 

Overton,  Thomas,  laborer. 

Overton.  William,  liveryman. 

Pierpont  &  Tuttle. 

Porch,  J.  &  J.  C,  merchants. 

Paicels,  Ed.,  farmer. 

Rilev  &  Kelley.  carps. 

Russell,  Robert,  hotel  keeper. 

Shedd.  J.  W.,  farmer. 

Thayer  &  Nickerson,  wagon  makers. 

Twitchell,  H.  C.,  agricultural  imp.  dealer. 

Umberfield,  William,  hotel  keeper. 

Vanderburg.  B.,  painter. 

White,  Thomas,  farmer. 

Wilson,  G.  8.,  farmer. 

Wilson,  R.  B.,  miller 

Wilson,  J.  J.,  farmer. 

Wilson,  N.,  Mrs. 


READING    TOWNSHIP. 


Arnold,  F.  W..  farmer  :  P.  O.  Reading. 
Arnold,  L.  N.,  P.M.  and  8ta.  Ag't,  Reading. 
Arnold,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
AiTiold,  William,  farmer:  P.  O.  Reading. 
Armstrong,  Dale,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Armstrong,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Armstrong,  Rosiana,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Allen,  Cyrus,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Allen,  Sydney,  farmer;  P.  O.Reading. 
Ammons,  Solomon,  far. ;   P.  ().  Reading. 
Amnions,  Jeremiah,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Allen,  D.,  coal  miner ;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Bloom,  C.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Bussard,  Isaac,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Bussard,  Mary  M.,  capitalist,  Reading. 
Barrackman,  M.  J.  capitalist,  Reading. 
Bra(lfi>rd.  M.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Munster. 
Bradford,  E.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Bradley,  J.,  wago;i  maker;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Bradley,  Jos.,  wagon  mkr. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Bradley,  A.,  wagon  mkr.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
BradleV,  J.,  wagon  mkr. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Bastian,  W..  farmer;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Boatman,  Wm.,  lab.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Billings,  J.,  physician,  Reading. 
Brown,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Blanchard,  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Barrackman,  Dan..8r.,  far. ;  P.O.  Reading. 
Barrackman,  D.  H..  far.:  P.  O.  Reading. 
i3arrackman,  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Barrackman,  C.  \V.,  far.;   P.  (►.  Reading. 
Barrackman,  Dan.  Jr.,  far.  ;  P.  O.Collins. 
Barnum,  P.  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Bowei-sock,  8.,  farmer;  P.  O.  IJe^nding. 


Burton,  Ezra,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Baldwin,  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Brown,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Brown,  D.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Boyd,  A.  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Reading. 
Bell,  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bell,  Z.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Barton.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Munster. 
Barton,  Catherine,  far.;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Bentke,  F.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Beckwith,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Beall,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Curtis,  F.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Critton,  W.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading 
Cassell,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  Albert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  Silas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  Cephas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  Daniel,  farmer;  V.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Coe,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Carpenter,  J.  8..  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Clark,  A.  D..  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Clark,  W.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Clark,  E.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Clark,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Clay,  C.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading 
Clay,  Levi,  farmer:  P 
Clay,  Jas.,  farmer:  P. 
Critten,  C.  8.,  farmer: 
Clinton,  Chas.,  farmer 
Carlton,  Ed.,  farmer; 
Coffman.  Jos.,  farmer: 


(>.  Reading. 
( ).  Reading. 
P.  ().  Reading. 
:  P.  ().  Ancona. 
P.  O.  Long  Point 
P.  ().  .\Meona. 


846 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Conner,  E.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  L.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  O.,  farmer;  P.  O,  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  T.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Defenbaugh;  A.,  farmer;  P.O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  F.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  E.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  Esther,  tar.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  D.  D.,  far. ;   P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  J.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  D.  JVI.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Defenbaugh,  J.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Durkee,  G.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Dicus,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Douglass,  W.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Day.,  F.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Doyle,  John. 
Davison,  George. 
Davis,  M.  J.,  Mis. 
Darby,  J.  E. 

Everett,  Louisa,  Ancona. 
Evans,  R.,  physician,  Streator. 
Edwards,  T.,  coal  miner;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Egan,  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Elliott,  8.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Fretsloff,  H.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Fordice,  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Flohr,  Levy,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Fry,  Geo.,  laborer;  P.O.  Ancona. 
Fogler,  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Fenner,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Fowler,  E.,  laborer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Flanagan,  W.,  coal  minnr;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Fare,  J.  VV. 
Fare,  W.  AV. 

Fenner,  R.,  miner;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Fuller,  A.,  capitalist;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Fowler,  J., farmer:  P.  O.  Reading. 
Goldsmith,  A.,  farmer;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Greener,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Gifford,  W.  B.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Greenwall,  W.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Ancona. 
Grooms,  Amanda  ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Grim,  L.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Grim,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Greeka,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Gaulka,  Carl,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Gaulka,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Groves,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Griffin,  Jas.,  carpenter;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Howard,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Hick,  R.  W.,  farmer;    P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Holderman,  S.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Heppler,  C  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Holmes,  D.,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Holmes,  D.,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Holt,  Jas.,  J.  P.  and  clerk,  Ancona. 
Hoobler,  C.  E.  laborer;  P.  O.  xincona. 
Hasen,  Chas.,  miner;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Hoobler,  J.,  laborer;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Houchens,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Howard,  G.  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 


Howard,  Jas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Handt,  Aug.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Hepler,  J.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Haskins,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Higljee,  S.,  far. ;  P.  (J.  Ancona. 
Haskins,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Hunt,  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. ' 
Harter,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Harter,  S.,  tar.;  P.O.  Ancona. 
Harter,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Hoge,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Hohenshell,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Hart,  C.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hagarty,  Pat.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Hoge,  S.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Anconrt. 


P.  O.  Reading. 
P.  O.  Reading. 
O.  Reading. 
P.  O.  Reading. 
P.  O.  Ancona. 
P.  O.  Ancona. 
P.  O.  Coalville. 


P.  ().  Reading. 
O.  Coalville.    ■ 
P.  O.  Coalville. 
P.  O.  Coalville. 
P.  O.  Reading. 


Julien,  Rene,  far. ; 
Johnson,  S.  II.,  far 
Judd,  E.  T.,  far  ;  P. 
Jones,  Daniel,  far. ; 
Joint,  Dudley,  far. ; 
Johnka,  Wm.,  far.; 
James,  Evan,  miner; 
Joyce,  Michael. 
Kaminka.  Godfrey,  tar. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Kaminka.  Aug.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Kramer,  Jeff.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Kime,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Ketner,  Peter,  rarmer :  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Knaak,  William,  miner;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Kidmer,  John,  miner;  P.  O.  Coalville. 
Kennedy,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Munster. 
Koontz,  J.  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Munster. 
Klesath,  Fritz,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Kerns,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Kerns,  M.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Kramer,  Jeff,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Lehman,  August,  far. 
Long,  C.  C,  miner;  P. 
Long,  Albert,  miner 
Larkins,  John,  miner 
Masters,  Samuel,  far. : 
Muntz,  E.  H.,  far. :  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Moore,  John,  minor;  P.  0.  Coalville. 
Mallory,  T.  H.,  Postmaster ;  P.O.Coalville. 
Merritt,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Merritt,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Moon,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Moon,  Charlotte  W.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Mills,  G.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Mills,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Mills,  J.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Mason,  A.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Mathis,  Caleb,  far. ;  P.  Q.  Ancona. 
Mathis,  J.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Mathis,  Geo.  W.,  merchant,  Ancona. 
Mathis,  Seymour,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Mathis,  W.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Mathis,  E.  JST.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Messersmith,  H.  G. 

McKinney,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Mitchell,  J.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
McCov,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
McFadden,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Montgomery,  Alex.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Morgan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
McFadden,  John,  tar. ;  P.  ( ).  Reading. 
McCauley,  James,  shoemaker,  Ancona. 
McDermott,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 


NEWTOAVN  TOWNSHIP. 


847 


Mulchy,  Roller,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Nichols,  Josepli,  laborer,  An(;ona. 
Nattiiifjer,  W.  H.,  blacksmith,  Ancona. 
f  )verholt,  J.  F.,  merchant,  Readin.u. 
Overholt,  J.  S.  K.,  far. :  P.  ().  Reading. 
Ona:,  Jeremiah,  blacksmith,  Ancona. 
Patterson,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Readinj^. 
Patterson,  T.  J.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Patterson,  A.  H.,  far. :  P.  <).  Reading- 
Patterson,  C.  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Patterson,  S.  H.,  far. :  P.  ().  Reading. 
Rine.  Martha;  P.  ().  Heading. 
Redfern,  John,  miner;  P.  ().  Coalville. 
Reed,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Reed,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Reed,  Christ.,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Reed,  M.  J.,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P,  ().  Ancona. 
Ramsey,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Ramsey,  M.  T..  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Ramme,  Ernest,  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Stndy,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Study,  Henrv,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Shafer,  M.  J. 

Sawyer,  L.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Sawyer,  A.  J.,  far. :  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Sanders,  J.  B.,  far. :  P.  O,  Ancona. 
Showman,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Sass,  AVilliam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Shackelton, John,  far.;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Shoup,  Edward,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Steward,  G.  D.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Stewart,  J.  D..  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Stewart,  John  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Sixt,  George,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Sakes,  W.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Sakes,  J.  C  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Showman,  T.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Showman,  W.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 


Spicer,  W.  M.,  miner:  P.  ().  Coalville. 
Thrasher,  (Miarles,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Turk,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Turk,  Kdgar,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Tliompson,  S.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Turner,  E.  D.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Turner,  A".  M. ;  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Turner,  .M.  J.,  far.:  P.  ().  Reading. 
Teegarden,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Reading. 
Taylor,  J.  1j.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Taylor.  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Tomliaugli,  J.  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  lieading. 
Tombaugh,  (Jeorge,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
TuUis,  William,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
TuUis,  .\manda,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Warmbold,  August,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Woodruff,  W.  n.,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Warmbold,  Henrv,  far.;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Willett.  Mary,  fai. :  P.  O.  Ancona. 
VV^atson,  R.  W.,  i)hvsician,  Ancona. 
Wright,  A.  J.,  far.':  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Walters,  Oliver,  far. ;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Walters,  Zach..  far.;  T'.  O.  Reading. 
Wilson,  .lohn,  far.;  I*.  ().  Reading. 
Wessling,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Williams,  John  T.,  miner;  P.  ().  Coalville. 
Willett,  Elizabeth;  P.  (>.  Ancona. 
Welch,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Munster. 
Whalen.  John,  far. :  P.  ().  Munster. 
White,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Munster. 
Witz,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ancona. 
Wolf,  Joseph  JJ.,  far.;  P.  ().  Munster. 
Walteis,  Allen,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Wolford,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  ().  Reading. 
Wetz,  Leonard,  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Yourkey,  W..  far. ;  P.  ().  Ancona. 
Yorty,  Samuel,  far.;  T*.  O.  Ancona. 


NEWTOWN    TOWNSHIP. 


Applegate,  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Hlackstone. 
Applegate,  G.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Applegate,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Applegate,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Bhickstone. 
Applegate,  W.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Bhtckstone. 
Applegate,  A.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Applegate,  T.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Jilackstone. 
Andrews,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Anthony,  Nathan,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Atherton,  George,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Akehurst,  Henry,  laborer,  Collins. 
Brown,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Brown,  Wm.  S.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Brown,  Ezekiel,  farmer;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Brumfield,  Jos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Bowen.  Nancy,  Cornell. 
Burton,  S.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Bown,  B.  C.  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Bown,  C  C  faruier;  P.  ().  Collins. 
R  iker.  Chris.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Ji'-rry,  Thos.  P.,  far.;  P.  ()    Blackstone. 
liraudis,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
lirovver,  A.  K.,  farmer;  I*.  ().  Collins. 
Herrill,  William,  coal  miner,  Streatoi-. 


Barkeller,  Andrew,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Biddle,  William,  coal  miner,  Sti'eator. 
Barton,  Robert,  coal  miner,  .Streator. 
Beecher,  Frederick,  coal  miner.  Streator. 
Bailey,  Nathan,  merchant,  Streator. 
Bolton,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Bargin,  Alexander,  coal  luiner,  .Streator. 
JJali,  James,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Bush,  Sidway,  farmer;  P.O.  Collins. 
Bennett.  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Conlon,  Peter,  farmer;  P  O.Cornell. 
Cusick,  John  L..  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Cusick,  Cyrus  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Collins. 
Cusick.  Mary,  Collins. 
Campbell,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Calder,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  ('tn-nell. 
Comeford,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Couiiiir.  Amos,  fanner;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Connor,  .\aron,  farmer:  P.  O.  Collins. 
Connor,  William,  larnu'r;  P.O.Collins. 
Cedeibraud.  John,  gunsmith,  Streator. 
Chapman.  Elmira.  Collins. 
C(j.\,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  (K  Collins. 
Corlc,  Wm.  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Collins. 


848 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


C^annon,  Alex.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Cannon,  Angle,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Cocoose,  Michael,  coal  miner,  .Streator. 
Copeland,  Wm.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Cherry,  W.  S.,  Secretary  Coal  Co.,  Streator. 
Decker,  Charles,  farmer;  V.  O.  Cornell. 
Decker,  James  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Decker,  Levi,  farmer :  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dixon,  Ebenezer,  farmer;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Dixon,  Albert,  farmer ;  P.  ( ).  Streator. 
Dixon,  Joseph,  blacksmith,  Streator. 
Duckerman,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Davis,  F.  M.,  Farmer's  Hotel,  Collins. 
Dice,  Walker,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Dermott,  George,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Elliott,  George,  farmer;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Ewing,  N.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Eddy,  William,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Echard,  Christian,  butcher.  Streator. 
Ewing,  Leonard,  farmer;  P.  O  Collins. 
Fleshman,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Foley,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Fulwiler,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Feaster,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Feaster,  (ieorge,  far. ;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Forsythe,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Ferriter,  Robert,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Fought,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Grimes,  John  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Gillman,  M.  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Gochanour,  A.  C,  far  ;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Godard,  O.  B.,  far. ;  P.  ().  (^ollins. 
Guernsey,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Collins. 
Gouty,  David  TL,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Guernsey  &  Manley,  gr'n  buyers,  Collins. 
Gazard,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  (>.  Collins. 
Guernsey,  H-  mer,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Collins. 
Hoobler,  A,  J.,  merchant,  Collins. 
Hoobler,  David,  mer.  &  miller.  Collins. 
Hoobler.  F.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Hoobler,  Harriet,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  Jeremiah,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Hoobler,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  John  D.,  far.;  P.  O  Collins. 
Hoobler,  Otho,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  E.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  George,  far.;  P.  0.  Collins. 
Hoobler,  Jacob,  Sr.,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Holland,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Holland,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Hepner,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Hinds,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Harwood,  O.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Houston,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Hoenshall,  David,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Hamilton,  Edgar,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Hawkesley,  Arthur,  coal  minci',  Streator. 
Harry,  iN".  C.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Holderman,  Benj.,  coal  miner,  Stieator. 
Harrison,  (Jeorge,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Hanlon,  Alexander,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Hanlon,  William,  coal  miner,  .-treator. 
Hayder,  George,  coal  lainer,  Streator. 
Harford,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Hapner,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Morton,  Joseph,  coal  miner.  Streator. 
Harvey,  J.  F.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 


Ide,  Fred,  farmer;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Jacobs,  Clark,  far. ;  P.  C).  Streator. 
Jacol)S,  Robert  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Jefferson,  Alexander,  c'l  miner,  Streator. 
Jefferson,  Robert,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Jones,  Z.  R.,  Postmaster  and  R.  R.  agent, 

Smithdale. 
Jones,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Kountz,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Kountz,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Kerr.  Anderson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Kelly,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Kelly,  Joseph,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Kepple,  Henry,  coal  miner,  Collins. 
Kakara,  M.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Klein,  A.  S.,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Lundy,  Elias,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Lundy,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Liindy,  John  J.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Lundy,  Delphia,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Lundy,  S.  P.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Leonard,  Roscoe,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Leonard,  C  (■.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Leonard,  Elizabeth,  Collins. 
J^ongnecker,  James,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Longnecker,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Longnecker,  R.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Lundy,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Lundy,  J.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Miner,  J.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Masters,  Byron,  far. ;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Mortland,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Mortland,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
McHaley,  Benjamin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Mcintosh,  David,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Murray,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Murray,  T.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Milure,  David,  blacksmith,  Collins. 
Morgan,  Isaac  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Mathis,  E.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Mathis,  E.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Manley,  Harry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Manley,  Chester  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Manley,  Charles  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collhis. 
Miller,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Massoy,  Jesse,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Martin,  D.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Martin,  Henry,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Martin,  James  L.,coal  miner,  Streator. 
Muntz,  Lewis  A.,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Morgan,  Andrew,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Marshall,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Morgator,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Mankiton,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
McMasters,  George,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Maxwell,  James,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
McRoy,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Millure,  W.  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Nillson,  Cornelius,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Newman,  Martin  A.,  P.  M.,  Collins. 
Newman,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Newburn,  Enoch,  far. :  P.O.  Blackstone. 
Newburn,  Alva,  far.;  P.  0.  lilackstone. 
Xewlan,  John,  carpenter,  Blackstone. 
Ponke,  Andrew,  coal  miner.  Streator. 
Peters,  Michael,  coal  miner.  Streator. 
Poncoe,  Andrew,  cal  miner.  Streator. 
Paget,  Henr\ ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 


AMITY  TOWNSHIP. 


849 


Paget,  Charles,  far.;  P.  ().  (bllins. 
Paget,  John  8..  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Paget,  Daniel  A.,  far.;  P.  (>.  Collins. 
Paget,  W.  C,  far. :  P.  C.  Collins. 
Pope,  Emsley,  far.;  I'.  ().  Collins. 
Pope,  Lawson  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Pope,  Nathaniel,  far. ;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Pond,  L.  S.,  far.:  P.  ().  ("ornell. 
Parcher.  Mark,  far?;  P.  O.  Blackstcnie. 
Phillips.  Wni.  .\.,  far.;  P.  ().  Smitlulale. 
Phillips,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  ().  Smithdale. 
Phillips,  Jolin,  ISr..  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Papenberg,  Ernest,  far. ;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Pickering,  John,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Patrick.  Robert,  far. ;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Powell,  A.  B..  clergyman,  Smithdale. 
Potter,  Charles  A.,  druggist,  Collins. 
Richards.  Wra.,  far.;  P.  ().  Streator. 
Riss,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Riss,  Ciiarles.  far.;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Roberts,  A.  D.,  far.;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Rush,  Nicholas,  far.;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Richardson,  D.,  far.;  P.  ().  Blackstone. 
Reeves,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Raymond,  Seward  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Ruiuery,  Moses,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Collins. 
Russeli,  Janet,  Streator. 
Richardson,  Janet.  Streator. 
Robinson,  D.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Rogers,  Samson,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Roseside,  James,  coal  miner,  Streator. 
Straws,  Wilder  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Swarner,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Smith,  Ames,  faimer:  P.  O.  Smitlulale. 
Smith,  George  H.,  far.;  P.O.  Smitlulale. 
Sawyer,  H.  C.,  physician;  P.  ().  Collins. 
Snyder,  Levi,  farmer;  P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Snyder,  Clinton,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Snyder,  Phebe  J.  Mrs.,  far. :  P.O.  Collins. 
Snyder,  John,  farmei':   P.  O.  Collins. 


Shibley,  P.  W..  farmer;    P.  O.  Smithdale. 
Siieiblev.  E.,  carp.,  J.  P.;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Stevenson,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Sampson,  Ole,  farmer:    P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Sabol.  .v.,  coal  miner;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Schotield,  R.,  coal  miner;   P.  O.  Streator. 
Sansom,  IL,  coal  miner;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Sillik,  D.  A.,  fanner:  P.  O.  Collins. 
Samuels,  Jolin,  coal  miner:  P.  O.  Streator. 
Sampson,  E.,  coal  miner:  P.  O.  Streator. 
Sampson,  P.,  coal  miner;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Scovell,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Sirako,  S.,  coal  minei-;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Shepperd,  W.  coal  miner:  P.  O.  Streator. 
Teeter,  E.  E.,  coal  miner;   P.  O.  Stieator. 
Trainor,  E.  B..  fanner;  P.  O.  (%)llins. 
Thomas,  Morgan,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Thompson,  T.,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Tice,  A.,  wagon  maker:  P.  0.  Collins. 
Veach^S.,  coal  miner;  P.O.  Streator. 
Voigts,  Henry,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Wolford,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.O.  Strpator. 
Wigness,  T.  G.,  coal  miner ;  Streator. 
"^S^ulace,  Walter,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Weaver,  William. 

Warfield,  George,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Walton,  AVilliam,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Wilson,  Rol)ert,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Wonders,  Henry,  coal  miner;  Streator. 
Wagner,  P.  H.,  clergyman ;  Collins. 
Williams,  Jethro,  far. ;  P.  O.  Streator. 
Young,  Cliristian,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Yeager,  Henry,  miller;  Collins. 
Zeigler,  F.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Collins. 
Zeigler,  AV.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Collins. 
Zeigler,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Zeigler,  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Zeigler,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cox-nell. 
Zeigler.  N..  farmer;  P.  O.  Collins. 
Zeigler,  J.  R.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Collins. 


AMITY    TOWNSHIP. 


Anderson,  Erasmus,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Antrim,  John  C.,  farmer  ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  C,  Cornell. 
Allen,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Blue,  Calvin,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Blue,  Jones,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bro,  Samuel  E.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Bedea,  Benjamin,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bruce,  John  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Brill,  Gottleib,  farmer;  P.O.Cornell. 
Blake,  Druzilla,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Blake,  James  C, farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Blake,  Eliza  J.,  Mrs.,  Cornell. 
Blake,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bennett,  Reuben,  farmer;  P.  O.  (Cornell. 
Bennett,  J.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bennett,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Boyer,  Isaiah,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Beaman,  Jane,  ( 'ornell. 
Bradley,  A.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bradley,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O. Cornell. 
Burnham,  S  F.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Cornell. 


Burnham,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Brinton,  H.  M.,  Mrs.,  Streator. 
Blake,  W.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Burton,  Mary  J.,  Cornell. 
Carroll,  Milton,  farmer;  P.O.  Cornell. 
Carroll,  Harrison,  farmer;  P.  O.Cornell. 
CaiToll,  Maria,  Cornell. 
Calvin,  Jennie,  Cornell. 
Campbell,  T.  M.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cornell,  W.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cornell,  Walter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell, 
("aider,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cook,  Ira,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Chapin,  L.  W.,  farmer:  P.  O.Cornell. 
Cornell  (loal  Co.,  coal  mining,  Cornell. 
Conner.  W.  D.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Dodwell,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Decker,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Decker,  Martin,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dale,  Paul,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dale,  George  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Douglass,  C.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


850 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Douglass,  Jolm,  r;iriiier;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Douglass,  Thomas,  faruier;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Davis,  William  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Davis,  T.  P., farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dingman,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Evansou,  EUing,  farmer;   P.O.Cornell. 
Evanson,  Ole,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Earp,  C.  S.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Earp,  Warren,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Erickson,  Lewis,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Erickson,  Ira,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Elliott,  Jacoo,  farmer ;  P.  ()•  Cornell. 
Earp,  William,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Earp,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell, 
Earp,  Hester,  Mrs.,  Cornell. 
Fulton,  Elijah,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Foley,  Morris,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Gregory,  T.  J.,  Sr.,  clergyman,  Cornell. 
Guemlich,  Chris,  far. ;  P.  C).  Cornell. 
Graham,  J.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Gourley,  Alfred,  f  irmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Gourley,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Galis,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Gamblin,  Win.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Green,  John  T.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Green,  W.  C,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Gebhart,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Howe,  W.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hallani,  Edward,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hallam,  W.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hallahan,  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hallahan,  Thos.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Houchin.  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Harms,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Hunderford,  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  I'oint. 
Hynds,  Margaret,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Houston,  J.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hoag,  Lucretia,  Cornell. 
Hayes,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hartraan,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Herrie,  Mary,  Cornell. 
Hallam,  Naomi,  Cornell. 
Iverson,  George,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cor.  ell. 
Iverson,  J.  A.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Isaackson,  G.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Irwin,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Jamison,  Simon,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Johnson,  Harm,  farmer.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Johnson,  Enger.  farmer;  P.  O.Cornell. 
Johnson,  George  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
King,  Albert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
King,  L.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Kingsley,  A.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Koboldt,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Louderback,  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Louderback,  L.,  farmer;  P.O.  Cornell. 
Louderback,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Lucas,  E.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lowers,  B.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lucas,  lieason,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lawrens,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lacy,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lucas,  W.  B.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Lucas,  John  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lucas,  Isaac,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Lawrence.  L.  W,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Long,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Long,  Reuben,  farmer;  P.  (►.  Cornell. 


Long,  Titus,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


P.  O.  Cornell. 
P.  O.  Cornell. 
P.  O.  Collins. 
P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cornell. 


Lowers,  O.  H.  P.,  far.: 
Lowers,  Caleb  B.,  far. ; 
Lundy,  Henry,  farmer; 
Lundy,  F.  M.,  farmer; 
Lundy,  Eli,  far.;  P.  O. 
Longnecker.  W.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lou(ierl)ack,  .1.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lutyens,  W.  F..  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lucas,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Lugland,  Ole  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Martin.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Merrill,  J.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Martinson,  Win.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Montgomery,  W.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Morris,  Chester  F..  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Macroy,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Mills,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Meland,  Ed.  E.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Cornell. 
Mitchell,  John,  far. ;  P.  O-  Cornell. 
Mitchell,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Mitchell,  James  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McCauley.  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McHenry,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McCauley,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McFann,  Mary,  far. ;  P.O.  Cornell. 
Minei-,  Allen  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell- 
Miner,  D.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Miner,  George  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McClelland,  R.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Coinell. 
McClelland,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Miller,  P.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McDowell,  Lewis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
MeVay,  Francis,  far.;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
McVay,  Matilda,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
McDowell,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Mitchell,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Muladore,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell- 
McHealy,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell, 
Kigh,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Noark,  August,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
(Jleson,  Barbara,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Oleson,  O.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Oleson,  J.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Patterson,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  (J.  Cornell. 
Plymire,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Perry,  Ebenezer,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Reynolds.  S-  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Richardson,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Richardson,  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Ross,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Shaffer,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Sakarias,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Soppeland,  Barnes  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell 
Stevenson,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Stevenson,  John,  far. ;  P.O.  Cornell. 
Springer,  Presley,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Snyder,  D.  H.,  far.;  P.  O. 
Snyder,  M.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O. 
Snyder,  Herman,  far. 
Shelton,  L.  E.,  far. ;  P. 
Sutcliff,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Sutclitf,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Swihart,  S.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Swainson,  Ole,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Shaw,  Calvin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Smith,  Will,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Scott,  Dow.  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


Cornell. 
Cornell. 
P.  O.  Cornell. 
O.  Cornell. 


CORNELL  VILLAGE. 


851 


Skinner,  Willi;im,  far.;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Scully,  James,  far. ;  V.  ().  ('oniell. 
Sinjrer,  Andrew,  far.;  P.O.  ("oriiell. 
Thompson,  James  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  ("ornell. 
Tiffany,  O.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Tiffany,  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cornell. 
Vanscoy,  W.  T.  P.,  fur.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


Wertz,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Wermeson,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Whalen,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Wellman,  William  I).,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Winters,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Young,  Thomas  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


CORNELL    VILLAGE. 


Arman,  Philip,  livery  and  grain  buyer. 

Burt,  Benjamin  F.,  lumber  dealer. 

Bradley,  James,  Postmaster. 

Bradley,  G.  W.,  carpenter. 

Blake,  Ambrose,  laborer. 

Blake,  D.  W.,  farmer. 

Beaman,  Benjamin,  farmer. 

Boyd,  T.  J.,  teacher. 

Bremer,  Fritz,  brick  layer. 

Bremer,  Henry,  brick  layer. 

Bolt,  Hezekiah,  clerk. 

Bolt,  C.  A.,  grocer. 

Brewei",  Wallace,  wagon  maker. 

Bowen,  C.  H.,  laborer. 

Bradbury,  W.  H.,  barber. 

Bradley  B.  J. 

Cornell,  J.  H.,  retired  farmer. 

Cornell,  H.  M.,  merchant. 

Conner,  W.  L.,  farmer. 

Curtis,  Jason  D.,  clerk. 

Dodge,  S.  R.,  butter  dealer. 

Devoss,  George,  laborer. 

Day,  J.  B.,  hardware. 

Day,  Gregory,  &  Co.,  hardware. 

Debour,  John,  blacksmith. 

Edwards,  Amos,  retired  farmer. 

Entsey,  Thomas  H.,  laborer. 

Elhem,  Charles,  carpenter. 

(Jossney,  W.  H.,  drayman. 

Grogins,  A.  T.,  carpenter. 

Gregory,  T.  J.,  Jr.,  hardware. 

Gammon,  M.  W.,  land  dealer. 

Gourley,  John  L.,  live-stock  dealer. 

Green,  A.  j\[.,  Mrs. 

Gouiley  &  Hunt,  live-stock  dealers. 

Heckman,  S.  A.,  carpenter. 

Heckman,  David,  laborer. 

Heckman,  Kalon.  farmer. 

Huntoon,  C  A.,  farmer. 

Hunt,  J.  H.,  live  stock  dealer. 

Hale.  Z.  N.,  shoemaker. 

Husted,  S.  M.,  merchant. 

Husted,  William,  retired  farmer. 

Herbert,  James  H.,  bakery. 

Herbert,  C  A.,  Police  Magistrate. 

Jones,  T.  W.,  physician. 

Jamison,  John,  farmer. 

Johnson,  B.  R.,  merchant. 


Jorden,  Edward,  out  of  business. 

Jolmson  &  Husted,  merchants. 

Knight,  J.  H.,  retired  farmer. 

Keeif,  Andrew,  ]al)orer. 

Lilly,  J.  W.  A.,  hotel. 

Longnecker,  N.  S.,  laborer. 

Longnecker,  Jeremiah,  school  teacher. 

Eundy,  Thomas  P.,  laborer. 

Lucas,  Ellison,  laborer. 

Miner,  William,  cigar  stand. 

Mason,  Alexander,  shoemaker. 

Muffer,  Theodore,  harness. 

Monroe,  J.  R.,  laborer. 

Newberry,  E.  C.,  out  of  business. 

Nelson,  Peter,  Section  Foreman  on  R.  R. 

Norton,  Eben,  druggist  and  physician. 

Norton,  J.  H.,  clothing. 

Pond,  J.  ().,  blacksmith. 

Pi-ofka,  Christoplier,  farmer. 

Pond  &  Debour,  blacksmiths. 

Penfield,  Mary. 

Powell,  E.  L.,  shoemaker. 

Rucker,  Martin  V.,  farmer. 

Riley,  Edward,  restaurant. 

Raub,  O.  J.,  dentist. 

Reeder,  J.  J.,  insurance  agent. 

Smith,  J.  B.,  Methodist  clergyman. 

Smith,  Frank,  butcher. 

Shackleton,  C.  W.,  clerk. 

Schanlin,  Martin,  gardener. 

Sullivan,  John,  ])lacksmith. 

Sprague,  Andrew,  retired  farmer. 

Shriver,  J.  D.,  out  of  business. 

Sprague,  Gilbert,  brick  niiison. 

Schneider,  H.,  farmer. 

Stipp,  Charles,  laborer. 

Streight,  William,  merchant. 

Spires,  C.  P.,  laborer. 

Theets,  Henry,  farmer. 

Trim,  A.  L.,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 

Vanscoy,  George  W.,  laborer. 

Willson,  J.  A.,  physician. 

Warner,  J.  J.,  laborer. 

Willis,  J.  W.,  collecting  agent. 

Wagoner,  T.  J.,  farmer. 

Withrow,  J.  J.,  grain  buyer. 

Wallman,  Willian),  farmer. 

Withrow,  Cameron,  grain  buyer. 


16 


852 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


ESMEN    TOWNSHIP. 


Aspey,  Obadiah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Aspey,  Wesley,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Avenson,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Allen,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Anderson,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Oayuga 
Arvig,  Ole  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Blume,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Benson,  Easmus,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Beamis,  A.  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell 
Beamis,  N.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Bradley,  H.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bennett,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Boyer,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Burtless,  W.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Bennett,  T.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Brown,  D.  G.,  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
JJrown,  Mark,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Brown,  M.  F.,far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Barr,  J.  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Brunskill,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Babcock,  Billings  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Beardsley,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Bristoe,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Clay,  Benjamin  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Caine,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Camp,  Abner  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Camp,  Eliza,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Corbin,  W.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Campbell,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cummins,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Cummins,  Hugh,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Chamberlain,  David,  far. ;  P.  0.  Cayuga. 
Chase,  Elizabeth,  Cayuga. 
Collins,  Jeremiah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Curtis,  Rodney  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Corkins,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Corbin,  W.  P.,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Corbin,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Corbin,  F.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Corbin,  T.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Denholms,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Darrow,  E.,  C  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dunklebarger,  M.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dunbar.  Ellen,  Cornell. 
Davis,  Perry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dickey,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dickev,  Lucinda,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Darrow,  A.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Davis,  E.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Dunham,  S.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Erickson,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Finley,  Joseph  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Fitzgerald,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Fitzgerald,  Ellen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Gallentine,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gammon,  J.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gamblin,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Ganetson,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Green,  Frank  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Gardner,  Julius,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Godwin,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Hardy,  I.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Harris,  Hiram  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Hight,  D.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


Houchin,  Preston,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hight,  Harvey,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hurst,  R.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hargrave,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hastings,  William,  far. 
Hannum,  James,  far. ;  P,  O.  Cayuga. 
Houchin,  E.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hanson,  John,  far. 
Holt,  E.  M.,  far. 

Hargon,  Ole  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Higgins,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hendershot,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Hardy,  Albert,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Imrie,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  Andrew  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Johnson,  John  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Johnson,  John  Q.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Jacobson,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Jones,  Dexter,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Knight,  J.  H  ,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Knight,  D.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell, 
Kneip,  George  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Keller,  C  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Killinger,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Larson,  L.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Larson,  Ole,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Larson,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Larson,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
England,  Ole.  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

England,  Nels,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Lower,  O.  H.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

McGoey,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

McConnell,  B.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

McDonald,  P.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

McDonald,  C.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

McDonald,  T.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

McDougal,  Archibald, far. ;  P.  O.Cornell. 

McMillen,  R.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 

Masters,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Muir,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Mitchell,  Osman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Mackinson,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 

Mackinson,  Maria,  Cayuga. 

Nixon,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Mies,  Irving,  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Neilson,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 

Oleson.  Ole,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Oleson,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Oleson,  John  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Oleson,  Ole  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 

Oleson,  Ole  H..  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Oleson,  Ole  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Oleson,  JSTelse,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Osborn,  T.  E. 

Post,  N.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Peister,  A.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Pearson,  J.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 

Pearson,  E.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 

Peterson,  Christ.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 

Potter,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 

Pilkington,  G.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 

Pilkington,  Martha,  far. ;  P.  0.  Cayuga. 

Palmer,  G.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O-  Cayuga. 


UNION  TOWNSHIP. 


853 


Packwoofl,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Quint,  D.  D.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Quaife,  George  N.,  merchant;  Rowe. 
Qnaife,  Jerome  R.,  merchant;  Rowe. 
Quaife,  Hannah,  Rowe. 
Raisbeck,  Frank,  farmer;  Odell. 
Ross,  Joseph,  farmer ;  Odell. 
Ross,  Aaron,  farmer ;  Odell. 
Rucker.  William,  farmer ;  Cornell . 
Reynolds,  E.  G. 

Rasmussen,  Evan,  farmer;  Cornell. 
Roberts,  H.  D.,  farmer;  Cayuga. 
Rhodes,  Leland  M.,  farmer;  Pontiac. 
Rhodes,  E.  H.,  farmer;  Pontiac. 
Ruby,  E.  R.,  farmer;  Cornell. 
Ryming,  Chris,  farmer;  Rowe. 
Richardson,  Tookle,  farmer;  Cornell. 
Ruston,  James,  farmer;  Cayuga. 
Roberts,  Wm.  W.,  farmer;  Cayuga. 
Sterry,  C.  W.,  farmer;  Rowe. 
Stanton, p.  W.,  farmer;  Odell. 
Stehl,  Prudence. 


Sinclair,  Alexander;  Cornell. 
Swanson,  8.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Summerville,  Robert,  far. ;  Pontiac. 
Sherwood,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Slack,  Theodore,  far. ;  Odell. 
Setzer,  P.  AV.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Standish,  A.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Slack,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Smith,  S.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Tiffany,  Orin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Turner,  John  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Templeton,  Laura,  Cayuga. 
Tuffs,  Robert,  farmer. 
Thompson.  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Thompson,  Nels,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Thrush,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Webb,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Worth,  AVilliam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Whalen,  Ann,  far.;  P.  O.Kowe. 
Whitham,  George,  far. ;  P.O.  Cornell. 
AVithrow,  David  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayaga. 
Young,  Austin  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 


UNION    TOWNSHIP. 


Austin,  R.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Austin,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Allen,  H.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Allen,  Hugh,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Arnolds,  Conrad,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Almy,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Arnolds,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Byswinger,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brumback,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Bowes,  Duncan,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brown,  F.  M.,tar. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brinkworth,  \V.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  ( )dell. 
Brasil,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Beagle,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Borreng,  Chris. 

Brady,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brown,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Badaux,  Jules. 

Barker,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Biss,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Barker,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Becker,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Breecher,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Breecher,  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Collins,  P.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Collins,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Collis,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cuddy,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cuddy,  Luke,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Carney,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cleary,  Laurence,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Call,  S.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Clark,  Luther,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Cox,  John,  far. ;  P.  O-  Odell. 
Carey,  Eliza,  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
Cain,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Chalmers,  Alex,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cassidv,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Collins,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Deyo,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 


Dean,  J.  W. 

Deyo,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Drake,  W.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dudley,  P.  S.,  farmer. 
Dougllan,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O:  Odell. 
Demar,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O-  Odell. 
Demar,  Ewald,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dougherty,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dervin,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dally,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dick,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  (Jdell. 
Eich,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Essington,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eggenberger,  U.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Edgecomb,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eggenberger,  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eich,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eggenberger,  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Eggenberger,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Flynn,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ferguson,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Frise,  Benjamin,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Funk,  Chris,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Foley,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Funk,  J.  H.,  lawyer,  Odell. 
Fotheringham,  David. 
Fisk,  J.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Fulton,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Fulton,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Garden,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gallup,  Kinnev,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
(Joss,  Emmons,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gallup,  Dan'l,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Gaines,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoke,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoke,  A.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hutchins,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  0.  Odoll. 
Herb,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoffman,  Nicholas,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoffman,  Paul,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 


854 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Haden,  James,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Hanlon,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Halpin,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Heath,  Joseph. 

Hodgson,  Abner,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hamilton,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Horbach,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hoover,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hossack,  John,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hodgson,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Howe,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Irvin,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Irvin,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Imrie,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jacobs,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jones,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Jones,  J.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Judge,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  Ole,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  J.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Johnson,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Jones,  E.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Jones,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
King,  Ward,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kneer,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Kidd,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Knox,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Keough,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Keough,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Kripple,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Kaup,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Lewis,  Samuel. 

Luke,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 

Leahy,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Lockwood,  H.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Lyons,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Legner,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Libby,  P.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Leonard,  P.  A.  far.;  P  0.  Odell. 

Leonard  &  Ellswortli,  fars. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Logue,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 

Metz,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Od.41. 

Metz,  E.  P.,  tar. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

McMeans,  Williaiii,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Myers,  Herman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Madison,  Martin,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Martin,  Herman,  far. ;  P.  O-  Odell. 

Murphy,  O.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Meelian,  Laurence,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Murphy,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

McMeans,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  O-  Dwight. 

Murphy,  Arthur,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Mitchell,  P.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Marshall,  Arthur,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Murphy,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Martin,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

McDermott,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  0.  Dwight. 

Meehan,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

New,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

New,  Benjamin,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Neilson,  C.  Nels,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Needemyer,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  ( )dell. 

Nielson,  Cornelius,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

O'Brien,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 


O'Brien,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
O'Conner,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Pride,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Paul,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Pray,  Henry,  farmer. 
Pound,  B.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Phillips,  Egbert,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Pound,  J.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Puffer.  J.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ryan,  H.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ross,  Matthew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ralph,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Ralph,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Sanders,  Howard,  far. ;  P.  O.  (Jdell. 
Stevensen,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Shane,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Springer.  A.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Stahal,  Gustave,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Sherman,  G.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Skipton,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Stabler,  George,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Smith,  A.  H.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Shou,  H.  L. 

Smith,  Gregorius  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Smith,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Springer,  Taylor,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Smith,  Christian. 
Shea,  Christian. 
Sitler,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Shriner,  Laurence,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Sebertz,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Shroder,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Sclmurr,  Albert,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Schnurr,  Charles,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Schnurr,  Lewis,  far. ;   P.  O.  Odell. 
Trecker,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Trecker,  Theodore,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Thomas,  H.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Thompson,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Thomas,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Thomas,  Levi,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Telford,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Thompson,  W^  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Trecker,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Vanderlip,  Hiram,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Vincent,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Watts,  W.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Watts,  C.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

W^atts,  John  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Watts,  A.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Walker,  D.  B.,far.;  P.  O-  Odell. 

Webber,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Webber,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Watts,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Watts,  W.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Walker,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Wyllie,  J.  B.,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Woolsey,  Lavison,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Wright,  William. 

Wauchope.  T.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight, 

Yeager,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Zeibarth,  Martin,  8r..  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Zeibarth,  Martin,  Jr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 


AVOCA   TOWNSHIP. 


855 


AVOCA    TOWNSHIP. 


Armstrong.  M.  f'.,  far.;  V.  (►.  Fairliiuv. 
Atkins,  Walter  (\.  far.;  V.  O.  Fairlmry. 
Abuet,  Henry,  far.;  1*.  ().  Fairhury. 
Abuet,  L.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Bradbury,  A.  J.,  far. 
Bennett,  John  A.,  far. 
Bislioff,  L.,  far. 

Brant  Leonard,  far.;  P.  ().  Lodeniia. 
Banker,  Emanuel,  far.;  P.  ().  Lodemia. 
Bollegar,  Jacob,  far. :  P.  ().  Lodemia. 
Brant,  William,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Lodemia. 
Bodley,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bennett,  W.  8..  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bailey,  M.  H.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Bale,  Asher.  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Bennett,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairburv. 
Burdick,  P.  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Bodley,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Brown,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Burns,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Burns,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairltury. 
Blair,  J.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Banker,  S.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Bloom,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  C).  Fairbury. 
Banker,  Job,  "far. ;  P.  O.  Lodeniia. 
Bentley,  J.  W..  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Bentley,  W.  H.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Baker,  Clarisa,  Mrs., far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Combs,  William  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Chesnut.  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  (>.  Fairbury. 
Clark,  M.  W..  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Carson,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Cockram,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Carson,  F.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Coltinghara,  T.  J.,  far. ;  Fairbury. 
Coombs.  E.,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Carse,  James,  far. ;  P.  <).  Fairbury. 
Coombs,  Henrv,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Crull,  J.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairl)ury. 
Cliamplin,  A.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Champlin,  A.  P.  &  H.  C,  far. ;  Fairbury. 
Demoss,  Thomas,  lar.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Demoss,  Asa,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairljury. 
Demoss,  William,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairlmry. 
Demoss,  Levi,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Drver,  Margaret,  Mrs.,  McDowell. 
Duftey,  Moses  J.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairburv. 
Danforth,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  (>.  Fairbury. 
Demoss,  James  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Denemetz,  William,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Denemetz,  Frederick,far. ;  P.  (). Fairbury. 
Day,  George,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Denemetz,  Chris.,  far.:  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Demoss,  Henry,  far.  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Driggs,  Robert  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairl>ury. 
Foster,  Russell  B.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Frod,  Solomon,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairl)urv. 
Fetzer,  J.,  far. ;  1'.  ().  Fairbury. 
Frederick,  August,  far. ;  P.O.  Fairltury. 
Fugate,  Marion,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbui-v. 
Filkey,  Kate  C.,  McDowell. 
Fugate,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fugate,  Henderson,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


O.  Fairbury. 
I'.O.  McDowell. 

P.  O.  Fairbury. 


Folcv,  Michael,  far.;  P  O.  Fairbury. 
Fogwell,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
CI  nnen,  Dennis,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(rlennen,  .Mary, Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(xilpin,  Jacob,  farmer;  V.  O..  Fairbury. 
Giftord,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
(Jilpin,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hotling,  M..  farmer;  P. 
Halstead.  Aaron  G.,far 
Hemlen,  H.  fl. 
Haymaii,  Francis,  far.: 
Hercanrock,  Henry. 
Henshaw,  A.  (t.,  blacksmith,  McDowell. 
Hilton.  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hutclieuson,  G.,  farmer;   P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Jones,  James  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Jones,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Johnson,  James  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Johnson,  James,  farmer ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Johnson,  C.  W.,  farmer;    P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kirkpatrick,  Milton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kendall,  J.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury.  • 
King,  Benj.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Low,  Nathan,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Linscott.  Squire,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Leehan,  John,  farmer;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
McDowell,  John  W..  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
McDowell.  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Moirison,  Joseph  C.,  far.;   P.  ().  Pontiac. 
McDowell,  J.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Main,  Alexander,  far.,  P.  ().  Faiibury. 
Markwalter.  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Marshall,  Wm.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Morrison,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Morgan,  A.  N.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Morrison,  B.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Morrison,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
McKinzev,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
McCashland.  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Moirison,  J.  O.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Mastian,  Merl,  farmer:  P.O.  Fairbury. 
McHart,  Samuel. 

McWrey,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
McGuire,  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Norman,  Isaac  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ostrander,  C  B.,  Postmaster.  Lodemia. 
Onnen.  Frank,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Overing,  R.  J.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Oppy.  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Phillips.  W.  R.,  far.;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Plowman,  Eli,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Pearson,  Eli.  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
P.  O.  Fairbury. 


Pearson.  ^lartin,  far. 
Price,  M.  E..  farmei': 
Pum|)ellv,  S.  I).,  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Plii]lips,R.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell, 
(iuiiin,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Piice.  (J.  W.,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Huff.  Tiiomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Roliinson,  Hugh,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Robinson, S.  A.  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Fairbury. 
Rough,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  :McDowell. 
Randolph,  Ralph,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 


856 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Rariden,  J.  S.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
SLratton,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Stpckham,  D.  C,  farmer;  P.  O  Fairbury 
Stidimyer,  John,  far. ;   P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Shawe,  Aaron,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Skinner,  Edmond,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Shaw,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Straight,  A.  P.,  fiU'. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Smith,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sutton,  Z.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury 
Strife,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Shaw,  T.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Smith,  Thomas  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Stalcup,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sumers,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Sturman,  Lydia,  Mrs..  McDowell. 
Street,  Daniel,  far. ;  Fairbury. 
Shellingbarger,  Jas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Stroebel,  Barney,  far. ;  P.  ().  McDowell. 
Skinner,  F.  C,  far. ;  Fairbury. 
Stitt,  Betsey,  Mrs.,  Pontiac. 
Shide,  Jacob. 


Starkey,  J.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Tucker,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Tucker,  Joel,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Tucker,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Tanner,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Tidd.  Isaac  N.,  mason,  McDowell. 
Tucker,  Lefferson,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Tucker,  W.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Throckler,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Tanner,  T.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Tanner,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Trounce,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wince,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Winslow,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Weider,  Aaron,  far. ;  P.  O.  Lodemia. 
Williams,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wagner,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
White,  George. 

Waples,  Jolin,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Young,  Sarah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Yauck,  John  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


SAUNEMIN    TOWNSHIP. 


Aple,  W^m.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Byrns,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Brydia,  C  S.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Brvdia,  T.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brydia,  W.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Baker,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Becking.  Henry, farmer ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Brown,  J.  Q.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Boys,  C.  C,  farmer;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
Bricker,  Wesley,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Burleigh, W.  ('.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Blackmore,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Blackmore,  Ohas.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac 
Bramley,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
Bramley,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Brown,"E.,  farmer;  P.  C).  Saunemin. 
Barker,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brown,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Bacon,  Jasper,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Bargmann,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Brundage,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
Clarry,  Patcv,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
f'hesebro,  J. "(J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Chambers,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Cays,  J.  R.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
earner,  S.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Carrithers,  W.  P.,  clergyman,  Saunemin. 
Coffey,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Cripliver,  S.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O  Pontiac. 
Cripliver,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ciipliver,  Lafayette,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Chambers,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Cotrel,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Carrithers,  C  F.  H.,  school  teacher,  Sau- 
nemin. 
Corkins,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Dowhower,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Dowhower,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Dally,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 


Dally,  Harvey,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Day,  Thomas,"  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Drake,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Dally,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Elwell,  Jesse,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Elwell,  J.  Newton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Evrard,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Eich,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Eich,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Evvans,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Evvans,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
EUinger,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Forrest. 
Elbert,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Elbert,  Simon,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Erwine,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Erwine,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Eldridge,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Fauks,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Fleischauer,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Finch,  George  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Fred,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Funk,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Faber,  Martin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Faber,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Foley,  Phillip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Flinn,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Fraher,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Goodrich,  D.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Green,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Goodrich,  G.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Goodrich,  W.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gates,  Brooks,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gray,  E.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Gray,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gray,  George,  Jr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gray,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gray,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Gray,  Abner,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Grav,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  0.  Saunemin. 


SAUNEMIN  TOWNSHIP. 


857 


George,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Gerdes,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Gebhardt,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Gebhardt,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  P^orrest. 
Hudgin,  Zed.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Hogan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hemphill,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Huffman,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Holdredge,  K.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Headley,  Gilbert,  far. ;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Holman,  T.  L.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Holman,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Harris,  Albion,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saimemin. 
Hemphill,  Chas.  C,  physician,  Saunemin. 
Hart,  John,  Mrs.,  far.  ;'P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hallihan,  John,  far. ;  J-*.  ().  Forrest. 
Impkee,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ingalls,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Jaquott,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Jaquott,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Johnson,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Johnson,  A.,  school  teacher,  Saunemin. 
Johnson,  Martin,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Jarvis,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Kimball,  Henry,  fanner;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Kilgore,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
Kelley,  S.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Kelley,  W.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Knights,  G.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Knights,  Leonard,  far. ;    P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Kcerner,  Anton,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Lowe,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Listie,  Carl,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Lovelock,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lopeman,  Megrath,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
I.,opeman,  Leslie,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Langford,  G.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Lidle,  Corbee,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Lockwood,  John, farmer; P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Lilly,  L.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Lee,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Lee,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Lebo,  W.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Moulds,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Mariner,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Mitchell,  A.  N.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Saunemin. 
Munro,  S.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Monahan,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Miller,  James  B.,  far. ;  P  O.  Odell. 
Malone,  Ezekiel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Mohart,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Meis,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Maiar,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Marsh,  C  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
mils,  N.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Mills,  F.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Munro,  C.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Marsh,  S.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Meadows,  Harry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
McGowan,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
McCloud,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Newhaulfen,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Newhaulfen,  P.  J.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Norman,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Norman,  T.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Noel,  D.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Noel,  O.  H.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Owens,  Nephi,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 


Opperman,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Potter,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pliillips,  Wm.,  fanner;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Priest,  H.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Pfeifer,  Herman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pritchard,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Paddock,  G.,  P.  M.  and  mer.,  Saunemin. 
Paddock,  Marshall,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Patton,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Peck,  A.  J.  L,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Ferine,  Mrs.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Penny,  Sylvester,  fanner;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Quigley,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Keardon,  John,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Reardon,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatswortli. 
Ross,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Ross,  Archibald,  far 
Rhodes,  J.  W.,  farmer 
Rhodes,  J.  M.,  farmer; 
Ruston,  Winfield.far. 
Ruston,  Richard,  far. ; 
Ridinger,  John,  farmer; 
Ridinger,  John  W.,  far. 


P.  O.  Saunemin. 
;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
P.  O.  Saunemin. 
P.  O.  Saunemin. 
P.  O.  Saunemin. 

P.  O.  Pontiac. 

P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Rich,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Rich,  A.  J.,  carpenter,  Saunemin. 

Rich,  James  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Rich,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  i).  Saunemin. 

Righter,  H.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Righter,  Z.  A.,  Mi-s.,  far. ;  P.  O. Saunemin. 

Reed,  H.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Righter,  John  W.,  fai'. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Righter,  Carrie  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Righter,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Rifley,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Riffey,  Edward,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Reynolds,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Ridinger,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
I   Rising  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 

Righter,  J.  S.,  merchant,  far.,  Saunemin. 

Sowers,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Smith,  Charles  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
j  Spafford,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
I  Spafford,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Schlosser,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Shepherd,  L.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
:  Stevenson,  Joseph,  far. ;  I*.  O.  Pontiac. 
j  Schick,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 

Smith,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
I  Sharp,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
!   Shields,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
;  Shepherd,  AV".  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Sancken,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 

Swan,  H.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 

Swan,  C.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O. 

Schrader,  Anthony,  far 

Stratton,  John,  far. ;  P. 

Stiles,  J.  G.,  far.;  P.  O. 

Shafer,  Caspar,  far. ;  P. 

Shafer,  Conrad,  far. ;  P 

Schide,  Henry,  far. ;  P. 

Scatterday,  Henry,  far. 

Spafford,  R.  S.,  far. ;  P. 

Sellmyer,  Joseph,  far. ; 

Schaub,  John,  far.;  1" 


Saunemin. 
;  P.O.  Saunemin. 
O.  Odell. 
Forrest. 
O.  Forrest. 
O.  Forrest. 
O.  Pontiac. 
;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
O.  Saunemin. 
P.  O.  Odell.     . 
O.  Saunemin. 


Schaub,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Schrinei',  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Tisserat,  Jolin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Tuttle,  Jason,  far.;  P.   O.  Pontiac. 


858 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Tuttle,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Teach,  John,  far.;  T.  O.  Odell. 
Thimraes,  M. :  far.;  P.  ().  Sauneuiin. 
Thornton.  T.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 
Ulrich,  William,  far. ;  P.  ().  Saunemin. 
Wadsworth,  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
White,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Wylie,  James  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 


Winters,  A.  C  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Wallace,  D.  A.,  cleryman,  Saunemin. 
Wallace,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Saunemin 
Watts,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Wegstine,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Young,  A.  W..  blacksmith,  Saunemin. 
Yocum,  E.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Saunemin. 


SULLIVAN    TOWNSHIP. 


Appel,  G.,  far.;  P.  0.  Sullivan  Center. 
Akin,  Walter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Amacher,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Ames,  Cyrus  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bunton,  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  J.,  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brenen,  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Boylan,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brown,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullian Center. 
Beck,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  K.  C,  far. ;  P.  (),  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  D.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  G.  W.,  far.;   P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brown,  C  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Brown,  J.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Burns,  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bergan,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bergan,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Barr,  Catharine,  far.  P.  O.  Chats vi^orth. 
Bullock,  G.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brunenmyre,  G.  A.,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Balden,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bartells,  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brooks,  Richard,  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bailey,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Boylan,  Patrick,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brady,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Barton,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  Martha,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Barry,  D.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Blosser,  A.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brown,  H.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brown,  E.  K.,far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Brown,  R.  J.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Sullivan  Center. 
Bute,  C.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Barber,  H.  P.,  far. ;  P.O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Boeman,  G.  AV.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Castle,  D.  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Castle,  A.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Castle,  W.  J .,  far. ;   P.  O,  Sullivan  Center. 
Chandler,  T.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sullivan 

Center. 
Clark,  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Clark,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Clark,  W.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Clark,  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Close,  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Corbet,  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cook,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cook,  John,  far. ;  P,  O.  Chatsworth. 
Crouch,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Chapman,  J.   B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Carey,  F.,  blksmith ;  P.  O.  Sulli  van  Center. 


Conrad,  E.  H.,  far, ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Drown,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Detwiler.  M.,  lar. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Downs,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 

Deveraux,  I.  J.,  far. ;  Sullivan  Center. 

Davis,  Martin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Duroff,  A.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Drown,  H.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Evans,  G.,  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Ehrlicher,  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Ellinger,  A.,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fraher,  D.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Sullivan  Center. 

Foreman,  D-.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fisher,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fraher,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Fraher,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Fosdick,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Faust,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Finlayson,  Robt,  far. :  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fallberg,  Ed.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Flessner,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fox,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fox,  Catharine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Friel,  Charles,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Foreman,  S.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Fraulop,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Foss,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Griswold,  R.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sullivan 
Center. 

Griswold,  George  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sulli- 
van Center. 

Griswold,  Henry,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Sullivan 
Center. 

Garber,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Grabill,  Ephraim,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Grabill,  Noah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Grabill,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Gingery,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Gingery,  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.Sullivan  Center. 

Gingery,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Gale,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Grilling,  R.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Gasler,  Chas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Grove,  J.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Gerdes,  Herman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Gi'oush,  Ezra,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Gallup,  Ralph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Graw,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Hess,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Hayes,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Hayes,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Hayes,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Hayes,  John,  farmer;  P. ♦O.  Sullivan 
Center. 


SULLIVAN  TOWNSHIP. 


859 


Hildebrand,  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  (niats- 

worth. 
Howder,  Barbra,  far.;  P.  (>.  Cliatswortli. 
Henderson,  J .  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chats vvortli. 
Herner,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Herner,  Benj.,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Herner,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Haag,  A., ISr.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatswortli. 
Haag,  A.,  Jr.,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsvvurtli. 
Haag,  Loraiitz,  far.;  P.  U.  t'hatsworth. 
Haag,  J>,e()nar(l,far. ;  P.  U.  Cliatsworth. 
Herst«'in, Peter,  lar.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Haag,  John,  far.;  W  ().  Chatswortli. 
Heckehnan,  Ci.,  fai.:  P.  ().  Chatswurlh. 
Heckehnan,  8usan,far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Houn,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatswortli. 
Herren,  Utte,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hartman,  Elias,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hartman,  Agnes,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hack,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Hamilton,  B.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hart,  E.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Snllivan  Center. 
Harms,  Benj.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Harshltarger,  1.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Harrison,  JSusan,  far.;  P.  ().  CJiatsworth. 
Johnson,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center, 
Kane,  James  E.,  far. ;  P.  t).  Forrest. 
Kane,  James,  far. ;  P.  ().   Forrest. 
Kay,  L.  L.,  far.;  P.  u.  Sullivan  Center. 
Kiely,  Thos.,  far. ;   P.  ().  Sullivan  Center. 
Kahle,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Kiely,  Morris,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
KroU,  August,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Kraft,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kerr,  Josiah,  far.:  P.  ().  Sullivan  Center. 
Kingdon,  Wm.  H.,  farmer ;  P.O.  Sullivan 

Center. 
Kennedy,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Korner,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Keachman,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kelly,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Sullivan  Center. 
Kernan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.Sullivan  Center. 
Kutscharra,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kinley,  Ad.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Kingdon,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Ketchum,  C.A.,  far. ;  P.O.  SullivanCenter. 
Lehman,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Lehman,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lehman,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lehman,  B.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lehman,  J.  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lehman,  Henry,  far.;  1'.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Landts,  Wm.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Landes,  John  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lund,  Aug.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Eighty,  John  E.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Lincoln,  Leroy,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Longbottom,  George,  far. ;  P.  0.  Sullivan 

Center. 
Longbnttom,  S.,  far. ;  P.O.  SullivanCenter. 
Longbottom,  Wm.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Sullivan 

Center. 
Lang,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  SullivanCenter. 
Lovelana,  H.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sullivan 

Center. 
Lamb,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Lamb,  W.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  ('enter. 
Lewis,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Chatsworth. 


Lewis,  Caleb,  far.:  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Longmeyer,  1).  H.,  far.,  P.O.  Chatswcnth. 

Leach,  Jolin,  far. :  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

McCloud,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

McKeon,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

McNamara,  T..  far. ;  P.O.  Sullivan  Center. 

McNamara,  Thomas,  Jr.,  farmer;  P.  O. 
Sullivan  Center. 

McDennott,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

McClain,  S.  1).,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

McCJoodeii,  Sani'l,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chalsworth. 

Meade,  James,  far. :  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Merrigan,  J.,  far.:  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Mathis,  (Jeo.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Montgomery,  J.,  far. :  P.  O.  Chats woitii. 

Maddin,  Susan,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Maddin,  Geo.  W..  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Murry,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsvvortii. 

Martin,  S.,  far.,  V.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

Mitciiell,  F.,  far.;  P.  O.Sullivan  Center. 

Murphy,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Michei;  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chats  worth. 

Moslier,  Gilbert,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsv/ort.i. 

Maxwell.  I.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Morrill,  A.  M.,  P.  M.,  Sullivan  Center. 

Morrill,  E.  B.  &  E.  P.,  merchants,  Sulli- 
van Center. 

Middleton,  John  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sulli- 
van Center. 

Nettinghain,  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Sullivan 

Nurse,  F.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Cente' . 
New,  John  F.,far.  ;P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
O'Brien,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Ortlepp,  John  F..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ortlepp,  Frank  F., far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ottmiller,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Brien,  J;is.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Pierce,  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Park,  Robert  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Pratt,  Wm.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Reardan,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Rogy,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Roach,  Pat.,  far. ;  1'.  ().  Sullivan  Center. 
Ross,  F.  v.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Rosenbauer,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Rhinesniith,  J.,  far. ;  P.O.Sullivan  Center. 
Siierer,  J.  .1..  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stanton,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Sliaunessy,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Skinner,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Skinner,  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Spangler,  A.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Cen- 
ter. 

P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 

p.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
O.  Sullivan  Center. 

,;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 


Shoder,  J.  S.,  far. ; 
Smith,  R.  P.,  far. ; 
Smith,  C,  far. ;  P. 
Shantz,  David,  far 
Shantz,  Isaac,  far. 
Shantz,  C,  S.,  far 
Spoor,  J.  C,  far 


Steinberg  Adam,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Sheehan,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Stahl,  Dimeon,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Schaub,  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatswortli. 
Sweet,  Martin  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Spalding,  Aldric,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Shepland,  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

17 


860 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Tibl.its.  .1.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Throne,  Wm.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Trost,Bertrani,  far. ;  P.O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Tuttle,  Z.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
ITphoft',  Abbe,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
l^nzicker,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Unzicker,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Voss,  Altnian,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Volz,  Nicholas,  far.  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wilson,  ^y.  S.,  far.;  P.O. Sullivan  Center. 


Wilson,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Welton,  Matilda. 

Wiedman,  Fred.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wright,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wornock,  S.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Cen- 
ter. 
Wallace,  S.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.Sullivan  Center. 
Yonker,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Zollinger.  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


EPPARD'S    POINT    TOWNSHIP. 


Armstrong,  J.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Andrews,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Ashley,  Otis.  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Anderson,  Lewis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Anderson,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bradbury,  J.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Brue  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Burns,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Birch.  T.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Buch,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Brady,  Hugh,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Besett,  S  ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bowers,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bowen,  Jeremiah,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Clemens,  J.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 
Craddick,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Chaney,  G.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Controy,  Boswell,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cotrell,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Cotrell,  John,  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Casey,  D.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Collins,  E.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Collins,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Codlin,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Dunham,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Dunham,  E.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Dillon,  E..  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Danforth,  W.  H.,far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Dancy,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Dawson,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Donaldson,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Diehl,  J.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Earnheart,  J.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Enon,  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Evans,  Davis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Freeman,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Fellwock,  Emil,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Fulton,  T.  D.,  far.;  P.  0-  Ocoya. 
Fairfield,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Ferguson,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Finer,  George,  far.;  P.  ().  Ocoya. 
Failey,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Galloway.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Grady,  R.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
(Jleason,  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Gainer,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Graves,  J.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Green,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
(iuthrie,  John  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
(ireen,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Green,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Gensen,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Greenbeck,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Halstead,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hastings,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hastings,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Houder,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Huling,  J.  B..  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Huling.  Albert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Humbert,  L.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Handley,  J.  AY.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Handley,  D.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hoagland,  J.  V.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Harder,  G.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hoy,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Hartman,  Eli,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Howard,  W.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Humphrey,  E.  C,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Jump,  J.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Jones,  W.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Kramer,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Kramer,  Lydia,  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Knopf,  John  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kepner,  J.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Knoplauch,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kirkpatrick,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Loftus,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lewin,  Henry,  carpenter,  Ocoya. 
Linscott,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lockman,  Joseph,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lowe,  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Lacy,  Thomas,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Lowe,  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Lawrence,  N.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Leister,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lorbach,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Law,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Livingston,  J.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya 
Livingston,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Livingston,  L.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Livingston,  F.  M.,  farmer;  P.O.  Ocoya. 
Leav]tt,  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Linscott,  Squire,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Ledgerwood,  H.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Myer,  S.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Myer,  W.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Myer,  C  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
^Ij'^er,  J.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Moffett,  W.  S., farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Michaels,  Henry,  farmer ;  P.O.  Weston. 
Markland,  Daniel. 
Miller,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Miller,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Miller,  Ira,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 


BELLE  PRAIRIE  TOWNSHIP. 


861 


McCalby,  D.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
McElhaney,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac, 
McElhaney,  W.  R.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Ocoya. 
McElhaney,  E.  C  ,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Myer,  N.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Myer,  B.  F..  farmer;  P.  ().  Ocoya. 
Myers,  F.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Morton,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Morton,  J.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Morton,  E.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Morton,  R.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Morton,  M.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Macy,  Ruben,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Moore,  J.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Muzzy,  Addison,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
McCabe,  James  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
McGinnis,  H.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
McCracken,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
McClintock,  J.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Nichols,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Neemann,  George,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Ooering,  R.  J. 

Olds,  W.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Osborne,  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Otto,  John, farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Powers,  Lawrence,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Parker,  George, farmer;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Payne.  Squire  L.,  farmer;  Chenoa. 
l*ayne,  A.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Peatt,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Potter,  Sylvester,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Quinn,  A. 

Ruff,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Ruff,  Alpheon,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Randolph,  J.  D.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Reynolds,  John  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Randolph,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Randall,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Raite,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Richardson,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Ross, John,  far.;  P.  O.  P(mtiac. 
Riley,  E.  M..  merchant;  Ocoya. 
Staffoi'd,  Washington,  far. ;    P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Swager,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Swager,  Christ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
.Summerville,  R.,  far. ;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Summerville,  R.  II.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Smith,  A.  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Scott,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Swanderman,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Smith,  Daniel,  Sec.  Boss,  C  &  A.R.  R. ; 

Ocoj'a. 
Sweet,  E.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Sweet,  S.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sweet,  I.  X.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Schickedanze,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sellman,  W.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
St.  John,  W.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
St.  John,  E.  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Thrasher,  Therisa,  far.;  P.  ().  Weston. 
Taylor,  D.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Umphenour,  S.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Umphenour,  B.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Umphenour,  C.  M.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Ocoya. 
Umplienour,  C.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
Umi)hrev,  C.  C.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Vail,  C.  T. 

Wagner,  Wm.  H.,  far.;    P.  O.  McDowell. 
Wagner,  Wm.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wagner,  E.  A., far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wagner.  W.  W.,far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Woodbury,  H.,  far. ;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Willard,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wosson,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 
Wood,  C.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wickizer,  J.  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Wickizer,  T.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Wallace,  J.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Weston. 
Wink,  C,  far.;  P. O.  Weston. 


BELLE    PRAIRIE    TOWNSHIP. 


Abbey,  P.  O.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Alford,  W.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Alford,  Seth,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Alford,  Lorenzo,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Avery,  D.  C, farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi, 
Brooks,  William  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Besgrove,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Besgrove,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Barnes  ,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Becker,  Aaron,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Bradsliaw,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Bradshaw,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Brucher,  Gottleib,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Buchwalter,  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Crum,  D.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Crum,  D.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
.Ctilt,  M.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O. Fairburv. 
Coup,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Cunningham,  S.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Cregar,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Coen,  Zeri,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Coen,  II.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi, 


Coen,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Coleman,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Coleman,  George  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Norman. 
Coomes,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Convis,  Eugene,  farmer,  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Cooper,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairburv. 
Danforth,  B.  W.,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Danfurth.  H.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Darnall,  Almyra,  Fairbury. 
Darnall,  V.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Davis,  O.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ernst,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ernst,  Cox,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Ernst,  A.,  farmer;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Eyre,  Alice,  JSIrs..  far.;  P.  ().  Fairlniry. 
Eyre.  George,  fanner ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Eihler,  W.  F. 

Freehill,  ISIichael.  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fitzgerahl,  Jas.  E..  far.;  P.O.  Fairbury. 
Fitzgerald,  Iv,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairlniry. 
(ierl)er,  Cliristian,  far.:  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Gerber,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


862 


TAY-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY ; 


Gove,  E.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Gove,  William  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Griffith,  William  P.,  blacksmith,  Potosi. 
Gibb,  Simeon. 

Gibb,  James,  far. ;  P.  0-  Potosi. 
Gibb,  George,  far. ;  P.  C  Potosi. 
Hieronymus,  Beiij..far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Hieronyinus,  J.  N.,  far.;  P.  ().  Potosi. 
Hieroiivmus,  M.  C.,far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Hieronymus,  Wm.,  far.;  P  O.  Potosi. 
Humphrey,  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Howarth,  C.  D  ,  far.;  P.  ()■  FairVniry. 
Howarth,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P  O.  Fairbury. 
Hall,  F.  S. 
Hays,  William. 

Hays,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Harris,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Hartwell,  James  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Irwin,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Johnson,  Sherman,  fai-.;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Jones,  Chas.,  far.;  P.  U.  Fairbury. 
Jones,  Theo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Jones,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Knauer,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kent,  T.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Kent,  S.  E.,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Potosi. 
Loar,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Potosi. 
Loar,  T.  J.,  teacher,  Potosi. 
Lusk,  Thompson,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Lambkin,  Wm.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Morris,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Morris,  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Morris  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Morris,  S.  P.,  far.;  V.  O.  Fairbury. 
Money,  Warren  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Magee,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Magee,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pdtosi. 
Martin,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Mitchell,  E.  G.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Moorey,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  U.  Fairbury. 
McCollough,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
McCollough,  A.  ().,  tar. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
McCollough,  Ira,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Putnam,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O.  I'otosi. 
Palmer,  George,  farmer ;  P.  ().  Potosi. 
Plielps,  Orin,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Pratt,  Ira  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pratt,  L.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pence,  Josiah,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi, 
Popejoy,  M.  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Painter,  John. 


Primm,  I.  H. 

Patton,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 

Rogers,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 

Ringler,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Riiigler,  Peter,  tanner;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Roth,  Kicholas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Roth,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Roth,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Roth,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Rotli,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Steers,  John  G.,  farmer;  P.  G.  Fairbury. 

Spence,  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Spence,  M.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Spence.  J.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Spangler,  I.  .1.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Potosi. 

Sharpless,  M.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 

Slater,  C  G. 

Slater,  C  D. 

Slater,  R.  T. 

Sells,  B.,  farmer. 

Stiles,  John. 

Stephens,  G.  S.  W.,  far.; 

Smith,  Richard,  far. ;  P. 

Thomas,  G.  M.,  far.;  P 

Travis,  M.  R.,  far. ;  P 

Travis,  John  M.,  far. ; 


P. 
O. 
O. 


O.  Fairbury. 

Fairbury. 

Potosi. 
O.  Fairbury. 
P.  O.  Fairl)ury. 


Travis,  Wm.  M.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Travis,  J.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Travis,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Travis,  J.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Travis,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Travis,  M.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Travis,  J.  N.,  far,;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Talbot,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Thompson,  D.  L.,  far.;  Fairbury. 
Varnum,  Frank,  far,;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Warrick,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Warrick,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Warrick,  L.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Potosi. 
Warrick,  H.R.,  far.;  P. 
Westervelt,  C  H.,  far. 
Watkins,  J.  J. 
Watkins,  J.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Watterson,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Widdifield,  Mark,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Wldditiekl,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
AVilhour,  Peter,  far. ;  1'.  O.  Potosi. 
Worden,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Worden,  Charles,  far- ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
AValker,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Potosi. 
Younger,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


O.  Potosi. 

P.  O.  Fairbury. 


ROUND    GROVE    TOWNSHIP. 


Anderson,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Anderson,  Nelson,  tai-.;  P.O.  Dwight- 
Ahern,  Thadeus,  far.;  P.  O-  Dwight. 
Allen,  J.  H 

Burns,  George,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Dwight. 
Beatty,  James,  far. ;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Borges,  Victorine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Briscoe,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  John  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  P.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Brown,  Daniel,  far  ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bugbee,  A.  D.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Bergin,  John,  far  ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bailey,  Cole,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Blair,  Robert,  far.;  P,  O.  Dwight. 
Bryant,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O  Dwight 
Brewster,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O. Dwight. 
Cumberland,  E.  L.  &  W.  G.,  far.;  P.  O. 

Dwight. 
Cumberland,  James,  far. ;  P.  G    Dwight. 
Cumberland,  W.  Y..  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


ROUND   GROVE  TOWNSHIP. 


863 


Currier,  Lewis,  far.;  P-  O.  Dwight. 
Collipy,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O-  Dwisht 
Clover,  Pliilip,  far. ;  P.  O    Gardner. 
Coselman,  G   W..  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Cusick,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Cogley,  ,Iosei)h,  far-;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Casement,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Casement,  R.  E  ,  far.:  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Chase,  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Caldwell,  F.  ().,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Clark,  J.  O..  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Christiansen,  Hans,  far. ;  P  O.  Dwight. 
Close,  James,  far. ;  P.  O-  Dwight. 
Coselman, Eugeiie,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Chappie,  William,  far. ;  P.  O  Gardner. 
Duffy,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Donaldson,  Susan,  far. ;  P.  ().  Gardner. 
•  Diehl,  Noah,  far  ;  P.  ().  Dwiglit. 
Donahoe,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Devlin,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Devlin,  James,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Daley,  Jeremiah,  far.;  P.  ()  Dwight. 
Dovelin,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Dibbich,  John. 

Dougherty,  Patrick,  far.;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Daley,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eaton,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Eldred,  Jesse;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Eldred,  Peter;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Feehry.  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Feehry,  Rhoda,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Fitzpatrick.  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ferguson,  P.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farrell.  A.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Farrell,  A.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  D  a  ight. 
Farley,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Foran,  Matthew. 

Finnegan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Finnegan,  James,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Finnegan,  James,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Falsey,  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farrell,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Folts,  F.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gardner,  H.  A.,  Mrs.,  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Grey,  C.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gustin.  A.  L  ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Guest,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gahen  &  Murphv,  fars. :  P.  O.  J)wight. 

Groth,  William.' 

Grant,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Dwight. 

Hays,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Hughes,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 

Harmanson,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Hay  ward,  Charles,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Hanlon,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Heckle,  Enos,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Holberson.  Albert,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 

Hays,  Thomas,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Havs.  David,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 

Jcliers,  G.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  l)v\  iglit. 

Jeffers,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Jeffers,  Nelson,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Jenkins,  Peter,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 

Joiinson,  Lars,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Johnson,  Josepli,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Johnson,  W.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.   Dwight. 

Johnson,  diaries,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Jensen,  J.  P.,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 


Jensen,  J.  H..  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Klinglehofer,  John,  far.;" P.  O.  Dwight. 
KitMce,  Julia,  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
Kinsella,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kan utesen,  Stephen,  far.;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Kellv,  Mary,  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
Kellv,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  D.vight. 
Kelly,  William,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Latlirop,  p:dwin,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Leopold,  Josepli,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Lawless,  Thos.,  farmer;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Lister.  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lister,  Alliert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mulford,  1).  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mateska,  Gottlieb,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mancliester,  Josei)h,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Maxson,  (Jeorge,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McDonald,  Wm. 
McCanna,  James. 
Miller,  Cyrus. 

Madison,  P.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mogenseu,  S.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McNeill,  Hugh,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McNeill,  J.  K.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McKeegan,  W.  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McGarnahan,  P. 

Morris.  Wm.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Maze,  George. 

Miller,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Mackey,  R.  W. 

Mills,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Margrave,  D.  M.,  farmer;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Murphy,  Sarah,  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
Maiato,  A.  C.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Murphy,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Nelson',  Nels,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
O'Brien,  John,  farmer:  P.  ().  Dwight. 

O'Brien,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Orr,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Orr,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Orr,  James  M.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Oberry,  John,  laborer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Palmer,  Ilenrv,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Potter,  A.  E.,'farnier:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Potter,  E.  R.,  tanner:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Potter,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Pt'fferman,  Thos.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 

Prickett,  Aaron,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Pluiikett,  Philip,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Patchett,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Pelton.  C.  E.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Parmenter,  D.  N.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Pratt,  Gardner,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Pratt,  J.  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  (iardner. 

Reillv,  Bernard,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rieke,  A.  U.,  f.irmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rieke,  Ferdinand,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

R>aii,  William,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rjimsey,  Thomas,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Reiiimiller,  Anson,  far.:  P.O.  Dwight. 

Slrawn,  E.  R.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Studlev,  J.  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Scott.  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Seymour,  Joiin.  fnrmer;  F.  O.  (Jardner. 

Shaplaml,  Edward,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Shfldon,  V.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Sali.sliiiry,  J.  H..  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Salisbury,  W.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


864 


TAX-PATERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Sorressen.  Rasmiis,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
SheUv.  William. 'far.:  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Shellv.  Miilclii.  far. :  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Sebart.  John.  far. :  P.  O.  P^i?bt. 
Sebart.  Martin,  far. :  P.  C  Dwight. 
Sampv.  Leonard,  far.:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Stevens,  W.  D.,  far. :  P.  C  Dwight. 
Sinnott.  Michael,  far.:  P. O.  Dwight. 
Sta^^er.  Christian,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Studlev.  J.  Mrs..  P.  O   Dwight. 
Smith.' Michael  far.:  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Tritipoe.  Henrv.  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tritipoe,  G.  C.'far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tavlor.  A.  Z..  f:u:. :  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Tuhibaugh.  J.  R..  far.:  P.  O-  I>>^i?ht. 
Thomas,  Emanuel,  far. :  P-  0.  Dwight. 


Thomas.  J.  M,.  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Thomas.  Cvrus.  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Thomas.  C'.  F..   far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Thomas.  J.  L..  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Treat,  A.  M..  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tvrrell.  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tvrrell.  James,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tiacey.  Cornelius,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Tamblins.  2.1.  W..  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Todd.  Andrew,  far.:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Vinnins.  Walter,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Whalen.  Michael,  far.:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
AVilcons,  J.  C.  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Williamson,  Hugh,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wvlie,  James,  far.:  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Walch.  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 


SUNBURY    TOWNSHIP. 


Adams,  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  >"evada. 
Apple<^te.  Ames,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Ames.''William.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Blakeslee.  G.  H..  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Blakeslee.  Asa,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Bet'lev.  John,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Brenrian.  Dennis,  far. :  P.  <  >.  Blackstone. 
Barnes.  S-  F.,  far.:  P.  (>.  Blackstone. 
Brooker,  Thomas,  far. :  P.  < ).  Blackstone. 
Benedict.  W.  H.,  far. :  P.  (.)-  Blackstone. 
Berrv.  Thomas,  fivr. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Brurier.  Richard,  far. :  P.  (.».  Blackstone. 
Breen,  James,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Bradshaw.  Michael,  far. :  P.  o.  Nevada. 
Bradshaw.  John.  far. ;   P.  O  Blackstone. 
Blair.  Ransom,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Bullard  &  Son.  groceries :  P.  O-  Black- 

stone- 
Br.x»ker.  John,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Blakeslee.  A.  S..  far. :  P-  O.  Blakstone. 
Cusick.  James,  far  :  P.  O.  Collins. 
Cassidv.  Miirv.  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Cassidv,  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Condon.  James,  far. :  P.  <  >.  Nevada. 
CampbeU.  Patrick,  far  :  P.  ().  Nevada. 
Corrigan.  Martin,  far. :  P.  U.  Blackstone. 
Corrigan,  T..  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Carev.  p..  Constable:  Blackstone. 
Cull.':Michael.  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
0>rbin.  J.  F.,  far. :  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Corbin.  Jesse  F..  far. :  P.  O.  ComeU. 
Corbin.  J.  H..  far. ;  P.  O.  ComeU- 
Conner.  Edward,  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Couwav.  Martin,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Corbi! .'  Anderson,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Cassidv,  :Michael.  far. :   P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Drinan.  Owen.  far. :  P.  0.  Blackstone. 
Di-man.  Timothv.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Dean.  George,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Det:K5er.  Ralph,  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Demps.  V,  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Donnelly.  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O  Blackstone. 
Dunkleberger.  Martin,  far. :  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Evans,  John.  far. :  P.  0.  Blackstone. 
Evans,  E.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Emerick,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 


Eaton.  Charles. 

Flanagan.  William,  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Fahan,  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Flaterv.  John,  far. :  P.  O.  OdeU. 
Flavin.  Martin,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Fulhviler.  H.  H..  far. :   P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Goolev.  Daniel,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Graha'm.  John,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Gower,  B.  A.,  far. :  P.  O.  Odell. 
Goodrich,  Lewis,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Gahn.  John,  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Gregg,  R.  D..  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Godfrey.  E.  J.,  farnur:   P.  O.  Cornell. 
Georgia.  M..  bar.  and  bill,  sal.,  Blackstone. 
Harder.  George,  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Higgins,  Michael,  farmer:  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Hol^rg.  H.,  fai-mer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hol>erg,  Simon,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hadlev,  E.  L.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Hanson.  Hans,  far.:  P.  O. Blackstone. 
Humphiev,  John,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Holland.  Robert,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Jlilton.  Philip  K.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hadlev.  J.  P.,  farmer:  P.  O.  OdeU. 
Hilton,  W.  W..  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Hoxsev.  F..  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Hann. 'Samuel,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Higgins.  Frank,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Hiirding,  B.  A.,  phvsician.  Blackstone. 
HiUock.  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Harford.  Thomas,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Holton,  C.  A..  Postmaster  and  agent  for 

Phoenix  Insurance  Co.,  Blackstone. 
Jones.  Lizzie,  book  agent,  Blackstone. 
Johnson.  A.  L.,  school  teacher,  Blackstone. 
Keating,  Julia,  Blackstone. 
Kahoe.  Dennis,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Kennedy,  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone- 
Kerns.  Nlichael.  fanner:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Kellev, Edward,  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Kent.H.  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Kent.  D.  W..  grain  buver,  Blackstone. 
Langan,  James,  farmer :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Lundv.  Henrv.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Longhecker,  S..  farmer:  P.  (J.  Cornell. 
Longnecker,  J.,  farmer;  P.  0.  ComeU. 


PIKE  TOWNSHIP. 


865 


Langan.  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Lavell,  Thomas,  far. :  P-  O.  Odell. 
Lvnch.  John,  farmer:  P.  U.  Blackstone. 
Mver,  r.  M.,far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mathessen.  C  H.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
ililler,  Henrv,  far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Miller,  .John.' far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Morrissv.  \Vm..  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mvers,  W.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mver,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mbonev,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Matthews.  B.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mason.  D.  H..  farmer:  P.  0.  Blackstone. 
McComber.  R..  far. ;  P.  O-  Blackstone. 
McKown,  J.,  fcirmer;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
McKown.  J.,  farmer;  P.  <).  Blackstone. 
McGee,  John,  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Mcintosh.  F.  M..  merchant.  Blackstone. 
McBride.  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Nolan.  John,  farmer;  P.  <).  Odell. 
Xolan.  William,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Xewbem,  A.  S..  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Xewland.  G.  G..  carp. ;  Blackstone. 
Xarev.  Anthony,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Norton.  E.F.,  merchant,  Blackstone. 
Noonan.  John,  farmer:  P.  O.  odell. 
Oleson.  Nels..  farmer:  P.  o.  Blackstone. 
Pentergast,  M..  farmer:  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Paget.  J.  P..  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Paget.  James  H..  far. ;  P.  O.  Bb.ckstone. 
Peterson.  Ole.  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Price,  John,  farmer :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Patrick.  J.  M..  farmer :  P.  o.  Blackstone. 
Ruddv,  Hugh.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Ruddv.  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
RuddV.  Anthonv.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Ruddv.  Michael.' far.:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
RuddV  Brvan.  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Ralph.  Bridget,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
Reeve,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cornell. 


'  Ramsev  Sarah,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Roe.  Benjamin,  far. :  P.  (J.  Blackstone. 

Rilev.  Patrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Richardson.  Lewis,  far:  P.  (J.  Blackstone. 

Reeve,  Joseph,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cornell. 

Reeve.  John,  farmer:  P.  O-  Cornell. 

Ralph,  Patrick,  farmer:  P.  O.  Nevada. 

Sampson.  In,  farmer. 

Sackett.  Watson,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Sullivan.  Jeremiah,  far. :  P.  o.  Blackstone. 

Seedertop.  Henrv.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

.Smith.  Marv  Annvfar:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

.^mith,  Julius,  farmer:  P.  it.  Blackstone. 

Smith.  J.  B-.  farmer;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Smith.  Marv.  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Sherman.  Isaac :  fanner ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 

SheiTick.  En<x;h.  far. :  P.  O-  Blackstone. 

Stott,  Wm..  fanner:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Scott.  W.  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
;  Stott-  James,  farmer:  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
;  Stott,  Marv,  farmer :  P.  <  >.  Blackstone. 

Tolman.  Samuel,  farmer:  P.  O.  Odell. 

Thomson.  John.  fiur. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
I  Thomson,  Nels,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Thomson.  W.  H..  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 
!  Thomson.  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Trainer.  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Thatcher.  G.  W..  fai". :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Tiffanv,  O.  M..  far. ;  P.  O.  Blackstone 

Traine'r.  Peter,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Yaldick.  WUliam.  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Valdick.  C  H..  far. ;  P.  0-  Odell. 

Wilson.  AT.  far. ;  P.  o.  Blackstone. 

Webb.  J.  W.,  far. :  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Webb.  Aaron,  far. :  P.  o.  Blackstone. 

Waters  &  Norton,  mers.,  Blackstone. 

Waters  M.  F..  merchant:  Blackstone. 

Wiildron.  Philip,  far.;  P.  O.  Blackstone. 

Wilson,  John,  farmer;  P  O.  Blackstone. 


PIKE  TOWNSHIP. 


Anderson,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Andreon.  John  tV..  farmer. 
Anderson.  Thomas,  farmer. 
Anderson,  John,  farmer. 
Ayresman.  Chris,  far. ;  P.  O-  Gridley. 
Avdelott,  Henrv,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Adreon.  J.  W..  "far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Adreon.  McKenzie.  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bear,  S.  G..  farmer. 

Ballenger.  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Ballenger.  Thomas. 
Balbeck,  Paul  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bauman,  Michael,  fai.;  P  O.  Chenoa. 
Bauman,  Nicholas,  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Baumim.  August,  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bauman.  Stephen,  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bonersfeldt.Carl,  far.:  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
JBeach.  Adimi.  far. ;  P.O.  Chenoa. 
Beach,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Beeks,  J.  H.,  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bell.  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Blaiichfield,  Thomas,  fiir. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Blair,  Martha,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 


Brooks.  Wm.  H..  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Brvant.  John  W..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Biish,  E.  S..  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bauerle,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Bunting,  Homer,  far. ;  P  O.  Chenoa. 
Becker.'Nicholas,  farmer. 
Bullington.  G.  M.,  fiuiuer. 
Bateman.  J.  R..  farmer. 
Breiiker.  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Capes.  Georse,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Capes,  Willoushbv.  fiir. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Capes.  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Chambers.  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Clark.  John. 
Ch;uubers,  Joseph. 
Clauden.  Peter,  far. :  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Crabbe.  John.  far. :  P.  O.  Cheno;i. 
Crabbe,  ArchibiUd.  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Daughertv.  Edwiird.  f;ir. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Daughertv.  E.  M..  f;ir. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Davis,  H.'U..  far.;  P.  O-  Pontiac. 
Degm;m.  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
DiUou,  William  F..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 


866 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Dunlap.  Andrew,  fur.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Davis,  Eobert,  far.;  P.O.  Henry. 

Davy,  Patrick. 

Ehrsman,  C 

Engle,C.  S. 

Ehrhardt,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Elliott,  Ely. 

Elson,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Engle,  Jacob,  farmer. 

Engle,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ewing,  John  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ewing,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ewing,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ewing,  A.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ewing,  F.  D..  far. ;  P.  O.  (Uienoti. 

Eislee,  Theobold. 

Everst,  H.  W. 

Fisher,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Fisher,  Frederick,  far. ;  I'.  O.  Chenoa. 

Finnell,  John,  far.;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 

Fitzpatrick,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Ford,  Charles. 

Fosdick,  Joel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Fox,  Abraham,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Franks,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Friese,  Mary,  Washington. 

Friese,  J.  E. 

Forney,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Fuger,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 

Fosdick,  E.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Fosdick,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Gibbons,  Jeffery. 

Gibbs,  Louis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Gieb,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Gentes,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Gentes,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Gerth,  L.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Grove,  Michael  H.,  Pontiac. 

Gerth,  J.  A. 

Guthree,  John. 

Gerig,  Joseph,  Gridley. 

Groenwald,  M. 

Groenwald,  H. 

Guth,  Peter. 

Hancock,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hartnett,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hartnett,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Henry,  Wm.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Henry,  Andrew. 

Hepperly,  John  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hepler,  William  E.,  Pontiac. 

Hepler,  F.  M.,  Pontiac. 

Hepler,  John  R.,  Pontiac. 

Hepler,  George  W.,  Pontiac. 

Hepler,  J.  G.,  Pontiac. 

Herr,  H.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Higgins,  Christian. 

Hilda,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Holmes,  R.  T. 

Hogan,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hogan,  Catherine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Holmes,  Orley. 

Holmes,  Larkin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Howard,  J.  T. 

Hepperly,  A.,  Jj'.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hepperly,  Orin,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hervey,  T.  Y.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Hanner,  John. 


Ingold,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Jones,  William. 

John,  Hale. 

Johnston,  Ramy,  Chenoa. 

Knight,  George. 

Kennedy,  Patrick. 

Kidd,  James. 

Kidwell,  A.  R.,  Ocoya. 

Kirkpatrick,  G.  L.,  Chenoa. 

Klingman,  Christopher. 

Klingman,  Charles. 

Klein,  Jolin,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Klein,  Philip  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Klein,  Jerry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Klein,  Frederick. 

Krobb,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Kratz,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Kirkpatrick,  G.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Lehmann,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Lehmann,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Lehmann,  Louis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Laumatzch,  Herman,  Ocoya. 

LeDuc,  Louis,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Maher,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Mast,  Levy. 

Mast,  Daniel. 

Mears,  D.  C,  far. ;  P.  O  Chenoa. 

McJunkins,  R.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

McCune,  Joseph,  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

McMullin,  Mary. 

Moschel,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Moschel,  Margaret. 

Monroe,  Maurice,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Monroe,  William. 

Murphy,  William. 

McCoy,  J.  M. 

McDonnell,  M. 

McCracken,  W.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Martin,  J.  T. 

Mott,  Ashield. 

Nicol,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Nicol,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Nicol,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

O'Brien,  Edward. 

O'Hara,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Ohmit,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Otto,  John,  far.;  P.  0.  Chenoa. 

Otto,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Oyer,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Oyer,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Otto,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 

Peppard,  Thomas,  far.,  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Peppard,  W.  F.,far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Peters  H.- 

Pflager,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Phillips,  J.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Powell,  Ezekiel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Quigley,  James,  far.,  P.  0.  Chenoa. 

Raber,  J.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Raber,  John  K.,  tar.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Raber,  C  E.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 

Raber,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Ralston,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Rhodes,  A.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O   Ocoya. 

Rhodes,  E.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Rhodes,  G.  B.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 

Rich,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 

Richardson,  J.  P. 


LONG  POINT  TOWNSHIP. 


867 


Richardson,  P.  J. 

Roberts,  Henry. 

Roth,  Daniel. 

Roth,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 

Roth,  Andrew 

Rntz,  William,  far.;  P.  (>.  Clienoa. 

Rutz,  John,  8r.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 

Rutz,  John,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Reinhart,  Carl.  far. ;  P.  (),  Pontiae. 

Redenius,  Refet. 

Sandmeyer,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Schickedanz,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Ciienoa. 

Schiekedanz,  I.srael.  far.;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 

Schonbok,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Schonbok,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Shultz,  John  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Shaffer,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 

Shambo,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Slagle,  N.  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 

Slagle,C.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 

Slagle,  B.  F..  far.  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Stickley.  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Steid,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Steid.  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Stauffer.  John,  farmer. 

Suydam,  A.  D.,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Sullivan,  James. 

Sutton,  Silas  H..  far.:  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Steckley.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Shaffer,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Seely,  Danforth.  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 

Tacey,  Green,  far.;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 

Theil,  Peter,  farmer;  P  O.  Chenoa. 

Thornton,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Twooney,  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
U  nzeicker,  J.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Ulrich,  Joseph,  Gridley. 
Verkler,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Verkler,  Phebe.  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Yerkler,  Chris,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wagner,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wagner.  Geo.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ocoya. 
AVatson.  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Watson,  W.  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Walch,  Andrew,  faiiner;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wertz,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  ().  Chenoa. 
AVertz,  Christian,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Weber,  John. 
Weber,  Joseph. 

Weber,  Anthony,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Weber,  Leonard,  farmer;  P.  O.  Clienoa 
Willard,  Allen  S.,  farmer;   P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wooding,  Stephen,  far  ;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 
Wooding,  Wm  ,  farmer;  P.  0.  Ocoya. 
Wood,  D.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Womeldorff,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wright,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Wright,  Mrs.  S..  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman.  J.  P. 

Zimmerman,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman,  Jno.,  Xo.  2,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa 
Zimmerman.  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman,  Isaac,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman,  C.  C.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zehr,  Jacob  F. 

Zimmerman,  J.  M., farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 
Zimmerman,  C  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chenoa. 


LONG    POINT    TOWNSHIP. 


Argubright,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Allen,  W.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Allen,  Almon,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Allen,  Alden,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Allen,  E.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Alden,  O.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Almy,  W.  H.,  school  teacher.  Long  Point. 
Bosserman,  A.  J.,  R.R.Agt.,  Long  Point. 
Bentke.  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bentke,  H.,  live  stock  dealer.  Long  Point. 
Bassett,  G.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Barton,  Thos.  K.,  far. ;   P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Branz,  John,  farmer;    P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bailey,  A.  J.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Bailey,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.Long  Point. 
Bever,  Wesley,  farmer;  P.  O.  J^ong  Point. 
Bell,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bennington,  T.  J.  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bready,  Jas.,  farmer;    P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bownian,  Jolm.  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Barrett,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Bane,  Joseph,  farmer;   P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bane,  Milton,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Bennett,  Peter,  laborer.  Long  Point. 
Bradbury,  James,  laborer.  Long  Point. 
Bennett.'J.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Bailey,  Wesley,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Beamer,  Jason,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 


Bowers,  T.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Coleman,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Collins,  Andrew,  far. ;    P.  0.  Long  Point. 
Carlton.  Fred.,  farmer;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Carlton,  D.  H., farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Cook,  Geo.  D..  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Cooper,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Church,  AV.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Colravy,  P.,  farmer;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Carlton,  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Conradt,F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Colehower.C.  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Colehower,  J.  H.,  fai'. ;  P .().  Long  Point. 
Crowston.T.,  farmer;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Coughlin,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Coughlin,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Carson,  S.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Dykes,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Dykes,  George,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Deedrich,  A.,  blksmith  ;  P.  O  Long  Point. 
Emm,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Emm,  Ludwig,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point 
Emm,  Andreas,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Evans,  AV.  II.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ensign,  R.  S.  .far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ewart,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ellis,  H.  R.,  far. ;  P.  i).  Cornell, 
Earl,  James  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dana. 

17 


868 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Ewing,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Flaiiiiuan.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Fogarty,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  l^ong  Point. 
Fiary,  Charles,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Fowier,  T.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
George,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Girard,  Theodore,  far. ;  P.  0.  Long  Point. 
Girard,  Hernian,  far.;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Girard,  (iustav,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Girard,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point 
Girard,  Dorata,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Gould,  R.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Grimm,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Gilman,  Edwin,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Gebhardt,  George, far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Groom,  C  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Garee,  J.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Graham,  A.  A.,  lawyer,  Long  Point. 
Hallam,  A.,  far.  and  Justice  of  the  Peace; 

P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hungerford,  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Poilit. 
Ilalsted,  J.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Halsted,  L.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hill,  A.,  far.;  P.  0.  Long  Point. 
Howell,  W.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Howell,  Isaac  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Howell,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Howell,  J.  L,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Horton,  A.  -L,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hakes,  A.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hakes,  J.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hakes,  S.  Y.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hakes,  John  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hakes,  Joel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hart,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Howitt, Leonard,  far.:  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Haney,  Matthew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hamlin,Celinda  C.,far. ;  P.  O.Long  Point. 
Hughes,  Jas.  C  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hinkle,  Rolf,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hines,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hines,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hines,  George,  farmer,  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Hintz,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Houlton,  H.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Huchins,  C  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Hup}),  Jolm  T.,  laborer,  Long  Point. 
Hearld,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point, 
Huetson,  J.  C,  plasterer.  Long  Point. 
Jacobs,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Judd,  Ashley,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Janson,  John  B..  far.;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Jenkins,  A.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Joner,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Jones,  Ghauncey,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Jones,  E.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Kinsey,  Ellis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kinsey,  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kinsey,  Isaac  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Keil,  Gottfried,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kyser,  T.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kiind worth,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Klesath,  Jolm,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kaminke,  Wm..  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Keil,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Kutzner,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Keenan,  Philip,  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Kelsey.  H.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dana. 


Kenyon,  Luman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Keith,  W.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Leech,  Heinrich,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Lamp,  Marcus,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Lucas,  John  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Luning  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Lounsbery,  Chas.,far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Mills,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Minard,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Minard,  Ira,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Mooney,  Wilson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Martin,  G.  P.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Martin,  Adam,  far.;  P.O.  Long  Point. 
Moulds.  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  point. 
Miller,  M.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Miller,  John  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Missok,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Messersmith,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Masters,  N.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Messersmith,  Epliraim,  far. ;  P.O.  Long 

Point. 
Moulds,  Win.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Moulds,  Alfred,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Moulds,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Maison,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  J^ong  Point. 
Martine,  Shultz,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Marston,  R.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Moffatt,  Alva,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Markle,  J.  N.,  phys.  and  druggist,  Long 

Point. 
Millies,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Morgan,  Jas.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Murray,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
McDowell,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
McDowell,  J.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
McElfresh,  Jesse,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
McKee,  S.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
McCown,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Newton,  H.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Oakes,  R.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Outram,  Reuben,  shoemaker.  Long  Point. 
Phillips,  M.D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Phillips,  Jas.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Pratt,  Emily,  Mrs.,  Long  Point. 
Piper,  John,  capitalist,  Lacon. 
Price,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Pride,  A.  A.,  blacksmith.  Long  Point. 
Pike,.E.  B.,  lal)orer.  Long  Point. 
Powell,  J.  C.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Raub,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Richter,  Anna  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ronk,  N.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ronk,  E.  K.  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Richardson,  T.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ramsey,  Thos.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  LongPoint. 
Ramsey,  0.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ramsey,  I.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Ramsey,  W.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Roberts,  A.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  LongPoint. 
Saemisch,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Saemisch,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Schmidt,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Schmidt,  J.  M.;  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sass,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sass,  Emma  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sillik,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sillik,  G.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sillik,  Althe  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 


NEBRASKA   TOWNSHIP. 


8(d0 


Stratton,  E.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Stratton,  M.  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Stilson,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  J'oint. 
tihoW.  Cliarles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Swift,  F.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Swift,  K-  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Slocum,  Ezra,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Stewart,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Swords,  G.  B.,  far.;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Steplienson,  A.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Stephenson,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Staberg,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Springer,  Reason,  far.;  P.  O.  Gomel). 
Springer,  Lydia,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Springer,  Nathan,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Saxton,  F.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Sillik,  A.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point, 
Smith,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Smith,  J.  P. 

Swain,  F.  C,  wagon  mkr.,  Long  Point. 
Swan,  P.  S.,  sec.  formn.  K.  R. ;  Long  Point. 
Steiner,  George,  liquor  dlr. ;  Long  Point. 
Troxel,  Horace  far. ;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Talbot,  Wm.  W.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Todd,  Roland,  far. ;  P.  O.  I^ong  Point. 
Todd,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Tweddale,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Taggart,  A.  M.,  grain  dlr. ;  Long  Point. 


Vanwinkle  Rachel,  Long  Point. 
AVerner,  F.,  far.,  P.  O.  J.ong  Point. 
Wearman  "Werner,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  T'oinI . 
Wheeler,  Oscar  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Wheeler,  T.  H.,  mail  agent.  Long  Point. 
Whitney,  F.  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  Long  Point, 
Wilston,  J.  v.,  far.,  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
W^etz,  Leonard,  far.  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Wray,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  ().  Dana. 
Wray,  George  L.,  far.;  P.  ().  Dana. 
Whiteley,  F.  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Widdifield,  Albert  A.,  far.,  Long  Point. 
Widdifield,  Mark,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Wermerzzan,  IL,  far. ;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Wayman,  Jesse,  far. ;  P.  ().  Long  Point 
Walsh,  Michael,  far.;  P.  ().  Long  Point. 
Walsh,  John,  merchant,  Minonk. 
Weatherstield,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Long  Point. 
Wright,  (J.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Dana. 
Wolff,  T.  S.,  cari)..  Long  Point. 
Wetmore,  R.  E.,  clerk,  Long  Point. 
Wetmore  &  Son,  mer.s..  Long  Point. 
Wirner,  H.,  painter,  L(mg  Point. 
AVill,  John,  teaclier,  Long  Point. 
Zeilman,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O.  I.,ong  Point. 
Zeilman,  1'.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Lonu"  Point. 
Zeibartli  Andreas,  far.;  P.  ().  I^ong  Point. 


NEBRASKA     TOWNSHIP. 


Ackerman,  Hance,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Aden,  Wm.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Aden,  Henry  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Aden,  John  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Augustine,  V.,  farmer;  P.  U.  Minonk. 
Augustine,  Anna,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Allen,  Henry  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Allen,  Joel,  physician,  Minonk. 
Abels,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Barnwell,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Brown,  Ezekiel,  far. ;  P.  U.  Zookville. 
Brown,  Emma,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Black,  Higli  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Black,  F.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Black,  John  J.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Zookville. 
Bennett,  Mary,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Bowman,  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Bowman,  L.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Bowman,  J.  W.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Bowman,  Wm.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Bowman,  Erfert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Bowman,  Falcott,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Bales,  James  A.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Bales,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Barger,  S.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Berkey,  Joseph,  fanner;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Berkey,  Christian,  fanner:  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Bennett,  Thos.,  farmer;   P.  ().  Zookville. 
Black,  Henry  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Berry,  Emanuel,  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Barbazett,  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Bales,  Russell,  farmer;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Brown,  Eno,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Browney,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 


Beggs,  N.  I^,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Camelin,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Corles,  Simon,  farmer;   P.  O.  Zookville. 
Carson,  Hermaie,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Curran,  James,  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Camelin,  T.  N.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookvillp. 
Crawford,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dana. 
Cash,  William,  farmer;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Carse,  Andrew,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Carse,  James  A.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Claden,  Nicholas,  farmer ;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Cullen,  Timothy,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Clark,  v.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Cline,  Thebolt,  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Cullen,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Dageford,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Dutoit,  E.  C,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Dutoit,  Eugene,  farmer ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Dillon,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Davis,  Robert,  capitalist;  P.  ().  Henry. 
Eilt,  Herman,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Emberson.  John,  farmer;  P.O.  Minonk. 
Evens,  J.  \V.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Efft,  Samuel,  farmer:  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Efft,  Anna,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Eisler,  Frederick,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Efft,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Eden.  E.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Evans,  Alfred,  farmer:  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Fox,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Farr,  .Josepli.  farmei-;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Farr,  Jacol),  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Franzen,  Lamert,  farmer;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Feschter,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


870 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Flanagan,  John,  fanner:  P.  O.  Tontiac 
Flanagan,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ferdinand,  Harm,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Farr,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Farr,  Levi,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Fr  nzen,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Franzen,  Jordan,  far.;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Fosdick,  Morris,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Gregg,  George,  farmer. 
Garrels,  G.  A.,  far. ;  P.  C).  Minonk. 
Galetan,  James,  far. 

Greeser,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Gilman,  B.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Gilman,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
(xilman,  Wm.  P.,  far.;  P.O.  Zookville. 
Gilman.  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Garten,  John  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Garten,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Graw,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Graw,  Conrad,  farmer :  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Gerdes,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Hogg,  George,  farmer. 
Herron,  Harman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Herold,  Amos,  farmer;  P.  O. Minonk. 
Holman,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Hancy,  Matthias,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Heels",  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Hopwood,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Hopwood,  William,  far.;  P.  0.  Minonk. 
Hoffman,  August,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Holt,  S.  8.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Hoover,  D.  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Herron,  Louquier,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Herold,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Hagadoran,  Frank,  farmer ;  P.O.  Minonk. 
Holmes,  T.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  J.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Johnson,  D.  F.,  farmer,  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Johnson,  H.  O..  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Johnson,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Jury, E.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Johnston,  Henry  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
James,  Clark,  farmer;  P.  0.  Minonk. 
Koschitz,  Arch,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Klinan,  Fredrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kinsey,  A.  S.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Kithurcii,  Utt'e,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kalkwarf,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kupfer,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kizburry,  Earnest,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Knight,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kline,  Theobald,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Kopman,  John,  far.;  P.  0.  Zookville. 
King,  John  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  D.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  C.  R.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Lubben,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O-  Minonk. 
Locker,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Lousche,  T.  A.,  fai. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Lemneman,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Lousche,  G.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Layman,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Lumert,  Hia,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Loukes,  Nelson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Miller,  D.  X.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Martin,  J^rank,  far.  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Miller,  Simon,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Murphy,  J.  C.,  faimer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 


Murphy,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Moulds,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O-  Zookville. 
Myer,  Frantz.  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Murray,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  Mitn.nk. 
Murray,  Allen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Murray,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Myer,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Moulds,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Massion, Nicholas, farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Moulton,  Thomas  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Martin,  J.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Martin,  T.  H..  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Martin,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Main,  Ezra,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Morris,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Morris,  Francis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Miller,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
McKee,  Francis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
McQuain,  Flora,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
McQutide,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
McCarty,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Mcintosh,  J.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
McDonald,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
McQueen,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
Nilier,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Newhouser,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Nusser,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
O'Connell,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
O'Brien,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
O'Brien,  Wra..  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
O'Brien,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Ogden,  Henry  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Ostuber,  H.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Oyer,  Andrew,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Oyer,  John  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Obiit,  Vincent,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Obut,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Obut,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
O'Connell,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Oltman,  Francis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Orendorff,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Orendorff,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Pample,  H.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Park,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Park,  A.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Post,  Frederick  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Post,  Albert  J.,  far.;  P.  0.  Minonk. 
Pillsbury,  S.  N.,  far. ;  P  O.  Gridley. 
Pearson,  Abel,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Pickerel,  Howard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Patton,  H.  C,  merchant,  Zookville. 
Pample.  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pample,  Christian,  Pontiac. 
Rogers,  John,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Rogers,  John,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Riley,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Roberts,  C.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Rapp,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Richardson,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Richardson,  Ezra,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Richardson,  L.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Richardson,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville.', 
Rusten,  George,  far. ;  P.  ().  Zookville. 
.  Rankin,  Francis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Rich,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Rich,  L.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Roth,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Rurkenberger,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


WALDO  TOWNSHIP. 


871 


Ruthiibei-ger,  C,  farmer;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Raveits,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ritaker,  Cliristian,  far.;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Shrock,  Phebe,  far. ;  P.  O.  Ponliac. 
Smith,  Ciiarles  P.,  far.;  P.  0.  ISIinonk. 
Smith,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.O.  Miiioiik. 
Smith,  G.  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Smith,  Mary  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Smith,  C  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Smith,  Aultman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Smith,  Jolin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Smith,  Faith,  far.;  P.  O-  Minonk. 
Smith,  J.  TU  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Simons,  Carl,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Swethers,  Pauline. 
Staley,  Bertha,  farmer. 
Stromer,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Stookey,  N.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Stillwell,  J.  v.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Switzer,  John,  far.:  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Saun,  George  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Shrock,  Christ.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sanson,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Sherry,  Arthur,  far. ;  Minonk. 
Spiers,  John  H.,  far. ;  V.  ().  Minonk. 
Steinhoff,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Strawn,  J.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Stalter,  J.  N.,  far.;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Strawn,  Levi,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Simpson,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Simpson,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Staley,  Stephen,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Shruk,  Emanuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Schoor,  Chas.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Stumpf,   John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Zookville.; 
Sheets,  Isaac,  farmer;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Sherry,  James,  farmer;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Simpson,  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Steinman,  Catherina,  far.;   P.  O.  Minonk. 
Steinman,  Gual,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Sinnings,  William,  far.;  I*.  ().  Minonk. 
Seiberns,  H.  E.,  far.  P.  ().  Gridlev. 
Sillik,  William,  far.:  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Senegar.  Wm.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Steinman,  D-iniel,  far. ;  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Thomas,  S.  S.,  blacksmith.   Postmaster, 

Zookville. 
Teagarden,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 


Tliompson,  Levi,  farmer;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
'Phonipson,  Rol>ert,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Tlirafuld,  Henry,  farmer;  P.O.  Minonk. 
Taylor,  Thomas  C,  far.  P.  ().  Minonk. 
Tamman,  F.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Tower,  L.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Thaden,  John  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Teagarden.  T.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Ulrich,  August,  far.;  P.  O.  (iridley. 
I'lkin,  Milkee,  far.;  P.  O.  (hidley. 
Unziker,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Vilvia,  John  R..  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Vandorn.  Hilyard,  far.:  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Vandorn,  J.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Vandorn,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Vanweslon.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Vanweston,  H. 
Vanhisc,  S. 

Wilson,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Wilson,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
WaltliiH  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Weicknian,  J.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Weicknian,  H.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Weicknian,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Weicknian,  John  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Weicknian,  Reiche,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Wilkin,  Thad.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
WelLy,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Welty,  Ansolem,  far.;  P.  O.  Mimmk. 
AVood,  B.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Whalen,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Wal  t  ace.  Edward,  far. :  P.O.  Minonk. 
Wilco.v.  S.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Wallirecht;  Thomas,  far.;  P.O.  Gridley. 
Warner,  Nicholas,  far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Wilcox,  AVm.,far.;  P.  O.  Minonk. 
Yonker,  Harman,  far.;  P.  O.  ^Sfinonk. 
Younger,  Wm.,  far. ;    P.O.  Zookville. 
Young,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Yordy, Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zimmerman,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zimmerman.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zook,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zook,  J.  B..  fiKT. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zook.  C.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  /Zookville. 
Zook,  Catharine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 
Zook,  Barbara,  far. ;  P.  O.  Zookville. 


WALDO    TOWNSHIP. 


Ayers,  C.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Albrecht,  John,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Gridley. 
Andrews,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  (jridley. 
Andrews,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Andrews,  James,  far. ;  P,  O.  Gridley. 
Andrews,  James,  Jr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Andrews,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Andrews,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridlev. 
Ayers,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Albertson,  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Burkey,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Bctz,  Solomon,  far.;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Broad,  Joliii,  far.;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Broad,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


Beckler,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Benedict,  D.  C,  far. :  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Brimhall,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Bolenger,  Henry,  far.;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Breese,  Leonard,  far.;  P.  O.  (xridley. 
Breese,  Amos,  far.;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
Baxendale,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  ().  (Jridley. 
Bret.seher,  John,  far. :  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Brinclier,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Benedict,  A.  I).,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Barry.  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Barry.  John  W.,  far.  ]'.  O.  Gridley. 
Berry,  Emanuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Baxendale,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


872 


TAX-PAYERS  OF^  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Butler,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Breese,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Coriden,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Carnwell,  W.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Corithers,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Clanden,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Crofif,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Crady,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Crone,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. , 
Claudin,  Basil,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Cavenaugh,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Cavenaugh,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Cash,  Lewis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Cash,  Wm.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Coalman,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Cortes,  Anton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Conner,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Donaho,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Dutoit,  Wm.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Doyle,  Lawrence,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Defrate,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Debolt,  Garrison,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Dean,  Homer,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Dearberger,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Engle,  C.  S.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Ehling,  Philip,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Eberliart,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Erch,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Eggert,  F.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O-  Gridley. 
Eicher,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Eagle,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ehrsman,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Folk,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. ' 
Frey,  Matthias,  far.;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Frey,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Funk,  John  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  (iridlev. 
Felrath,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Fosdick,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Funk,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ferriter,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ferriter,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Forny,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Furnv,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Funk,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  GrWley. 
Fear,  Matilda,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Freed,  Paul,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gibbons,  Jeffrey,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Godfrey,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
(ieorge,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gerrig,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gingerich,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridlev. 
George,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley.' 
Gascho,  Joseph,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Griswell,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gerhan,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Greenwald,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gee,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gibbs,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gibbs,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Greenhalgh,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
(ireenhalgh,  John,  far.;  P.  0.  Gridley'. 
Glasgow,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Glass,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Goldsmith,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Grieser,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridlev. 
Granbier,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Gee,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hoke,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


Hoke,  John  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Henifan,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Huber,  Anton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Huber,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hanifan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hanifan,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O-  Gridley. 
Hodge,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hines,  Matthew,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Habaker,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Harlin,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hengan,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Huston,  Joseph  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Huston,  S.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hershe,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hershe,  Barbary,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Hawthorne,  Mary,  tar. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Isch,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Judge,  Christopher,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Jolly,  Oliver,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Jewett,  Parker,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Knofflnger,  Crist,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kriet,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kerr,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Klein,  Christ,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Klein,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ketwock,  Uffe,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Knight,  George,  far. ;  P,  O.  Gridley. 
Klein,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Klein,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  John  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  David  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  Joseph  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Gridley. 
King,  John.  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  Christ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kremer,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Keefe,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kirkton,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kriegshever,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
King,  Joseph  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Kingshavei-,  Pauline,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Laha,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lyons,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lusher,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lyddv,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lee,  W.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Giidley. 
Lutyen,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lackard,  Jacob  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Lamber,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Mossback,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Maninger,  Valentine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Mackey,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Martin,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Martin,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
McDonald,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
McKendley,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
McMannis,  Bernard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Mossback,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Mossback,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
McGarvey,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Murray,  Dennis,  Jar. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Murray,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Myers,  Joseph  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Morris,  Henry  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Myers,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Myers,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Newhouser,  Valentine,  Sr.,  far.;   P.  O. 
Gridley. 


WALDO  TOWNSHIP. 


873 


Newhouser,  Valentine,  Jr.,  far.;   P.  O. 

Gridley. 
Newhouser,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Nolen,  Matthew,  far.;  P.  ().  (Jridley. 
Nolen,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Newhouser,  Christ,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Orendorf,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Otto,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Otto,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oatken,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oyer,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oyer,  Christian  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oyer,  Peter  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oyer,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Oyer,  Joseph  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Otto,  John.  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Piffinger,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Piffinger,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Philpy,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Piper,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
llathburn,  IL,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rediger,  Benjamin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rediger,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rediger,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rediger,  Christ,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rake,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Robertson,  H.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rowland,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rvan,  William,  far. ;  P.  O  (iridley. 
Ryan,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rollins,  J.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rollins,  Benjamin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Roberts,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rinagin,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rosehardt,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Reddy,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ravendugh,  Crist.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Rhorn,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Roth,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Roth,  Ben.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Roth,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Roke,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley 
Renich,  Ludwig,  far.;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Sutton,  Joseph  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sutton,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stride,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Staffer,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Staffer,  Joseph  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stanfer,  John  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stroker,  George  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stalter,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley, 
Stalter,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stalter,  Lewis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stalter,  Joseph  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley, 
Strickland,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stagle,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Slagle,  Benjamin,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Slagle,  Benjamin  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Siger.  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stagle,  C.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Summers,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Smith,  John  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


Smith,  Barbara,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Smith,  David,  far. ;  V.  O  Gridley. 
Smith.  A.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  (iridley. 
Spencer,  John  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley, 
Stahl,  Anton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Springer,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sloan,  James  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Schimel,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Spring,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sliertz,  Ferdinand,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Slagle,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley 
Schultz,  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sliaffer,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Stalter,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  (Jridley. 
Schram,  William  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Schram,  Henry  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Somers,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Schimel,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sutton,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sullivan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Seiberns,  Henry  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Schurtz,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Springer,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O  Gridley. 
Sutton,  John  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Sundy,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Thaden,  Harmon,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Tullv,  John  M.,  far.;  P.  O  Gridley. 
Tarman,  Amos  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Tarman,  Howard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Thompson,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Tanton,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Tarman,  Christopher,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Thompson,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Thompson,  Margaret,  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Ulrich,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  0.  Gridley. 
Wartzburger,  Chas..  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Willis,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O  Gridley. 
Witzig,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Whittaker,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Warner,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wurst,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Whistler,  Daniel,  far. ;  P,  O.  Gridley. 
Weltner,  Eli,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wilder,  Edson,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridli'y. 
Wilder,  Edson  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wilder,  DeForrest,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wilder,  W.  D.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wilder,  W.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Wilkey,  Charies,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Yordy,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Yordy,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Zimmerman,  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Zimmerman,  Christ.,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Zimmerman,  Christ.,  far. ;  P  O.  Gridley. 
Zuriander,  .John,  far. ;  P.  .  O.  Gridley. 
Zehr,  Josepli,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley 
Zehr,  Joseph,  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gridley. 
Zehr,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  (iridley. 
Zehr,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  (iridley. 
Zehr,  Magdalena,  far.;  P.O.  Gridley. 
Zehr,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Gridley. 


874 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY ; 


PLEASANT    RIDCE    TOWNSHIP. 


Akerman,  Cfar. ;  P.  O.  Morton,  Tazewell 

C  unty. 
Allen,  Dana,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Albright,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Allen,  C.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Arthur,  Ohio,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bright,  Amos,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Baker,  E.,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bearly,  F. 

Borcliers,  Henrv,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bostock,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Bullard,  B.  M..  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bollier,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bressmer,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bell,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Berry,  Thomas. 

Blain,  T.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury, 
Bauman,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Bell,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Batham,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Beckler,  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Bryant,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Fairbury. 
Carter,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Clark,  S.  K.,  far. :  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Conner,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Carter,  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Conner,  O.  &  A. 

Camp,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Cook,  M.  H.,  Forrest. 
Crouch,  Ed.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury, 
Chapman,  W.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Catlin,  E.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Catlin,  W.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Chapman,  Moses,  far. ;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Deady,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Detenlag,  Conrad,  far.;  P.  0.  Forrest. 
Dentwyler,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Dunham,  C.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Doughty,  .John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Ebach,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Ebersol,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Elmore,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Erisman,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Fellows,  John  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Foglesanger,  Conrad,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Fred,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fieldcamp,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Frauz,  Michael,  farmer. 
Franey,  J.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Farrell,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Fellows,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Gitz,  O. 

Graves,  James  B. 
Haab,  Henrie,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hanley,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hanna,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Hood,  W.  L..  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest.  ' 
Hoke,  John  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hoke,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Horine,  Ed.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hoffman,  Albert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Horine,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Holdridge,  C  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hams,  Mane. 


Harns,  Ono. 

Horine,  Matilda,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hiuzie,  Charles,  Princeton,  111. 
Honager,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hogaboom,  Julia,  Mrs.,  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hogaltoom,  S.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hutchinson,  AV.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Hutchinson,  Jolin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Holloway,  E.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Holloway,  Lewis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Jenkins,  Loran,  teacher;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Jenkins,  B.,  far,;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Joyce,  Matthew,  farmer, 
.lennings,  J.  W.,  lar. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Jakle,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Keller,  J.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Keller,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Kempf,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Kuhlman,  H.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbui'y. 
Kring,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Kroll,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Krouse,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Lang,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Lloyd,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Luthold,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Luthold,  R.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Luthold,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Lardge,  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Mitchell,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Mohler,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Miller,  Melvin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Metz,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Melvin,  W^m.  H. 

Mosier,  Mcholas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Masters,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Minear,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Mowrer,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Moulton,  M.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Metz, Fred.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Miller,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Meenan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Munz,  Conrad,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Newenschwander,  Cliris,  farmer;  P.  O. 

Forrest. 
Naffzigner,  V.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Oderkirk,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Payne,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Roach,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Reed,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Reed,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Rogers,  !S.  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Rose,  J.  v.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Roach,  Chris,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Ramseyer,  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Raap,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Riggs,  A.,  far.;  P.  C).  Forrest. 
Reeder,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Shedd,  J.  W^,  far.;  P.  O  Forrest. 
Serer,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Schnetzler,  A.,  far. ;  P.  U.  Forrest. 
Stoller,  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
vSharlocL,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Seburger,  Jonas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Schneider,  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 


NEVADA  TOWNSHIP. 


875 


Stoddard,  C.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 

Sheldon,  S. 

Stuckey,  Arthur,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Schwartzentraub,  D..  far.;    P.  O.  Forrest. 
Stanum,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Forrest. 
Stahly,  Wra.,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Sweet,  H.  K.,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Sutton,  E.  R.,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Thomas,  Charles,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Thiss,  Nicliolas.  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Town,  Z.,  far.:  P.  ().  Fairlxuy. 
Thomas,  (Je(»rge,  far. ;  P.  ().  Fairl)ury. 
Townsend,  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Townsend,  D.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Yeiley,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury.' 
Veiley,  J.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 


Veiley,  M.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Verkler,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Verkler,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  (>.  Forrest. 
Weitmer,  Samuel,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
AVarner,  Albert,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Wilkerson,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Webber,  G.  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Fairbury. 
Wilson,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
AVendall,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Wilkie,  Herman,  far.;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
AViggins,  Dana,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
AVhyenmuller,  N.,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
AVilkie,  H.  (J.,  far.;  P.  ().  Forrest. 
Warrall,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Forrest. 
Zebinden,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Forrest. 


i 


NEVADA    TOWNSHIP. 


Anderson,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ahern,  M.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Abry,  George,  farmer. 
Austin,  S.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  Edgar  D.,  atty :  Nevada. 
Bellot,  Jos.,  far  and  J.  P. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Badger,  Mrs.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Brown,  James,  far.;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Burger,  Xava,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Barron,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Buron,  W.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Buffham,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bruml)ock,  Samuel,  farmer. 
Budd,  E,  farmer. 
Barr,  0.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Bresner,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Burk,  Thomas,  far. :  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Boyle,  AVm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Bell,  J.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bell,  Sarah  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight 
Carter,  Timothy,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cahille,  AA^m.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Carroll,  Mary,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Curtis,  Jos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Carlisle,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Nevada. 
Cashman,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cramer,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Cleary,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Gumming.  AVilliam. 
Collins,  Owen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Cavanaugh,  J.  A.,  mer. ;  Nevada. 
Dow,  G.  B.,  Nevada. 
Dunlap,  A.  B.,  Dwight. 
Deffenbaugh,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.,  Odell. 
Dy vig,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dyvig,  John  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Dyvig,  Ole,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Davis,  A.  AV.,  mer.;  Nevada. 
Dow,  B.  B.,  mer. ;  Nevada. 
Dunbar,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Dunbar,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.Nevada. 
Duffee,  Mary  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Dougherty,  Frank,  far.:  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Eastman.  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Eastman,  Amasa,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Emigh,  J  as.  T.,  far.;  P.  (J.  Nevada. 


Essington,  Geo.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Feehan,  Martin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Feehan,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Franc,  James. 
Farrell,  Thomas. 

Fitzgerald,  Jas.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Feehan,  Owen,  far.:  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Finch,  Mrs.  S.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Gillft,  Louis,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Gutel,  T.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Grinnan,  Jos.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Grinnan,  Barney,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Gallop,  L.,  far. ;  P.  (J.  Nevada. 
Gibbons,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gibbons,  Austin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Grundler,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Geer,  Nathaniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Holohan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hadley,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Haley,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Hughes,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Hansen,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Harris,  Isaac,  fai-. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Heenan,  Jolm,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Hamilton,  Jas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada, 
Hennesy,    Patrick,    farmer;    P.   O.   Ne- 
vada. 
Hepiner,  Fred.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Haggerty,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Hubert,  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Hubert,  Anton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Hansen,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Henry,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ingraham,  T.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Jensen,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Jamison,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Joost,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Killeon,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Kinney,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Kelley,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Lithgow,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Lohrman,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Lyons,  Daniel,  far.:  P.  ().  Odell. 
Lyons,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  ().  Odell. 
Lyons,  Barney,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Langan,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 

18 


876 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


LigSitt,  Tlios.,  far.;  V.  O.  Nevada. 
J.aiinan,  P.  11.,  far.;  P.  <).  Nevada. 
Laniiaii,  Dennis,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
McDonald,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
McDermott,  Mat.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
McCartv,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  U.  Nevada. 
McMeniieman,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Malary,  Dennis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Magee,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Montgomerv.M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Murray,  J.  B.,  attornev.  New  York  City. 
Malone,  Matthew,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Mettille,  Lester,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
McDonald,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Mahoney,  Jeremiah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
McConnell,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
McCloud,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Moran,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Miller,  N.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Mehan,P.  M.,  farmer;  P.  O-  Nevada. 
McDermott,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Murphy,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Moore,  J.  M..  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Marsh,  D.,  far.;  P.  0.  Nevada. 
Morrison,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Morrison,  N.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Murphy,  Benjamin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
McGreen,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Martin,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Martin,  Robert  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McCabe,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Murphy,  B.,  farmer  and  J.  P..  Nevada. 
Martin,  J.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Noughton,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
O'Donnell,  Charles,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Owen,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
O'Leary,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Patterson,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Patterson,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Pellouchoud,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Phillip,  W.  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 


Ralph,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Ready,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Reily,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Rooney,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Reorden,  P.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Reorden,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Reorden,  Jerry,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Ribardy,  Fred,  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Ruddy,  Anthony,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Spencer,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O-  Nevada. 
Stewart,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Spencer,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Sharp,  Wm..  far.;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Stevenson,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Sutherland,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Sutherland,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Smith,  Peter  I.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Strobel,  Fred,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Stevens.  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Swan,  Isaac  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Stern,  Samuel,  farmer;  P.  0.  Nevada. 
Turner,  T.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O  Odell. 
Thompson,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Terwillegar,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Turner,  Dennis,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Vickery,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Virden,  John  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Walcher,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Walker,  C  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Whittaker,  F.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
White,  James  N.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wynne,  Dennis,  farmer;  P.O.  Odell. 
Webster,  Levi  C,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Whelan,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ward,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Weber,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Wassom,  Wm.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Weber,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Nevada. 
Zenor,  Edward,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Zenor,  Howard,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


BROUCHTON    TOWNSHIP. 


Ambrose,  Milo,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ames,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cabery. 
l^roughton,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brewster,  A.  M.,  far..  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Broughton,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bradbern,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Barber,  William,  far.;  P.  ().  Gardner. 
Beatty,  John,  farmer,  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Beatty,  Charles,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bartle,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  B.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brock,  Edward,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brock,  George,  far.;  P  O.  Dwight. 
Blake,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Centei'. 
Brace,  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Burnell,  H.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Bird,  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
lirow^n,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Briggs,  Allen,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  Thomas,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Brown,  J.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Brown,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Beecher,  C  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Bird,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
'  Borer,  Joseph,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Clapp,  E.  S.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Clement,  J.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Carter,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Christian.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Sullivan  Center. 
Close,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Canham,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Cain,  Archibald. 
Cain,  Robert. 

Carney,  Thomas,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Crawford,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Conley,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Caffery,  C.  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Conroy,  William,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Close,  Joseph,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Close,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


BROUGHTON  TOWNSHIP. 


877 


Close,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Doyle,  Michiiel,  farmer;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Donlon,  Patrick,  farmer;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Diniond,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Demerett,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  C).  Dwight. 
Dick,  Brice,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Douglass,  James,  farmer ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Daiizin,  Guston,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Drew,  Jacob,  farmer;  P.  C).  Dwi<'ht. 
Drew,  Thom;is,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Earring,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Erickson,  Canute,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Elliott,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Foltz,  Frank,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ferris.  Alonzo,  farmer;  P.  O.  J)wight. 
Finton,  Michael,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farley,  M.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwighl. 
Flvnii,  Gadlin,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farley,  T.  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Foltz,  J.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ferguson,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Fitzpatrick,  M.  Mrs.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Fitzpatrick,  D.,  farmer;  P.  U.  Dwiglit. 
Foley,  Patsey,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farley,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Farley,  B.  T.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gunderson,  G.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
George,  N.  P.,  far. ;  P.  C).  Cabery. 
Gallup,  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Glover,  S.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
(iilbert,  C  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Gates,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Goodman,  M. 

Huntley,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cabery. 
Haley,  Dennis. 

Howland,  Emmet,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Harris,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Hitchcock,  H.  A. 
Hunt,  W.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Howard,  O.,  tar.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Harrington,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Hertv,  Amos,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Hefferin,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Inscho,  Cyrus. 

Johnson,  Edward,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Johnson,  T.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Justus,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kimball,  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kinney,  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Kinney,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kennedy,  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Knox,  L.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Kiley,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lyons,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lyons,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lovell,  J.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gardner. 
Lamb,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Larsen,  Edward,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Larsen,  Jacob,  far. ;  P,  ().  Dwight. 
Leahy,  J.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lewis,  O.  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Lewis,  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight 
Lindsay,  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Lewis,  Lars.,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Little,  Thadeus.  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Little,  Jesse,  far.;  P.  U.  Dwight. 
Leonard,  Mack,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Lawer,  O.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Lawer,  Richard,  far. :  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Lamb,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  C).  Dwight. 
Lamb,  Mary,  Mrs.,  Dwiglit. 
McKnight,  Wm. 

Morrison,  Walter,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Mulligan,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McGowan,  Catharine,  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
Mires,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  ().  Dwiglit. 
Mires,  J.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McCartv,  Peter,  far.;  P.O.  Dwight. 
McGrath,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  J) wight. 
McLauglilin,  E.  Mrs.,  Dwight. 
McMillan,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
McAughery,  James. 
Miller,  Barney,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morgan,  Owen,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Murphy,  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Myers,  Orson. 
McKinsey,  A. 
Mires,  Valentine,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Mulliuan,  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Morris,  J.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Marvin,  W.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 

Miller,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Nyborgh,  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Nelson,  O.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwighl. 

Olson,  Sorren,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Olson,  John,  fiir. ;  P.  0.  Dwighl. 

O'Neil,  B.irnard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight, 

O'Brien,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

O'Brien,  John,  far. ;  P.  ()•  Dwight. 

Ols  n,  Osrnan,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Paul,  J.  H. 

Peterson,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Persells,  Roland,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Porter,  W.  W. 

Poulson,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Poulson,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Robinson,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Robinson,  Augustus,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rosdell,  John. 

Ragan,  E.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Riley,  Philip,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Reeder,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Reeder,  J.  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rogers,  Frank,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Rogers,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Richey,  David,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Riciiey,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Raymond.  C  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight 

Southcomb,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Silk,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Shay,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Stone,  M. 

Stone,  George. 

Stone,  Whitman. 

Sproule,  farmer,  far. ;  P.  O  Dwight. 

Sleezer,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Gardner. 

Shaw%  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Shaw,  Jonathan. 

Shiproth,  Martin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Steward,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Steward,  W.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Slagle,  A. 

Stacey,  J.,  far.;  I'.  O.  Dwight. 

Sarvis,  Johnson,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 

Sarvis,  D.  M.,  far.;  1\  O.  Dwight. 

Sarvis,  W.  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


878 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY 


Shepherd,  E.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Slieridan,  J-,  far. ;   P.  ().  Dwight. 
Smith,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Snyder,  0.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Shogar,  A.,  far.;  P.O.  Dwiglit. 
Thomas,  S. 
Travis,  David. 

I  Irick,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Ulrick,  Julia,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwiglit. 
Ulrick,  far. :  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Vint,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Dwight. 
Vickery,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


Vant,  James,  far. ;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Wolganback,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wagoner,  Justus,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Wii'es,  Henry,  far.;  P.O.  Dwight. 
Weeks,  S.  D. 

Wolf,  James,  far.  ;P.  0.  Dwight. 
AVinn,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Welch,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  0.  Dwight. 
Whalen,  Thomas,  far.  ;P.  O.  Dwight. 
Whately,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 
Webster,  Warren,  far. ;  P.  O.  Dwight. 


ROOK'S    CREEK    TOWNSHIP. 


Allen,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pt)ntiac. 
Avgarn,  C.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Atteg,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Askew,  Ezra,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Askew,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Askew,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Algoe,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Anderson,  Joel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Anderson,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Anderson,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Abraiiam,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Albertson,  Butler,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Beame,  J.  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Book's  Creek. 
Bonliam,  Marcus,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Blake,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Breckenridge,  S.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Benson,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brooks,  E.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Beddoe,  George,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Brooks,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bennett,  G.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Blinkman,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  lioi-k's  Creek. 
Breland,  Ole,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Blue,  Elizabetli,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Bachman,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Breese,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Blake,  Winfield,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Butz,  L.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brinnaman,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bendle,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bowman,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Crow,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Crow,  Wm.,far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Crow,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Capes,  Robert,  far. ;    P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Carpenter,  A.  W.,  farmer ;  P.  O.  Rook's 

Creek. 
Cline,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cline,  John  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Crowell,  O.  P.,  far.;  P.  (). Rook's  Creek. 
Cunningham,   S.  L.,  far.;    P.  O.   Rook's 

Creek. 
Cunningham,  J.  W.,  far.;   P.  O.  Rook's 

Creek. 
Clark,  James,  far. ;  P.  0.  Rook's  Creek. 
Chase,  Linda,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Carpenter,  F.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Cullon,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Classen,  George,  far. ;   P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Dixon,  Hugh,  far. ;  P.  O  Pontiac. 
De  Sarme,  J.  F.,  far.;  P.  0.  Rook's  Creek. 
Durflinger,  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Durflinger,  H.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Durtlinger,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Durrtinger,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Duffy,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Dielil,  Pliilip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Durflinger,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
England,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
England,  Josiah,  far.;  P.  O.  Cornell. 
Earp,  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Eisele,  Wendell,  far.;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Eisele,  Rudolph,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Eisele,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiac. 
Erickson,  Alfred,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Eddenfield,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Eisenhower,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
East,  T.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Edington,  Richard,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Fry,  J.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Fry,  Maria,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Forsene,  And.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Friesth,  Eilert  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Friesth,  Albert  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Friestli, Eilert  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Frary,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Frobisch, James,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Frobisch,  Elizabeth,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Frobisch,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Frobisch,  Rosie,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Freudie,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ferris,  J.  L.,  fai". ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Gill,  Charles  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Gill,  Wm.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Glaser,  Peter,  far. ;  F.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Gordon,  Landrum,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  C'k. 
Green,  J(  sse,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Green,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  i^ontiac. 
Gutridge,  Mary,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Gray,  Geo.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Gordon,  Judson.  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Horine,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Huber,  Solomon,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Henry,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hofner,  Geo.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Holmes,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hamlin.  J.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Hancock,  H.  C,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Hock,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


ROOK'S   CREEK   TOWNSHIP. 


879 


Harvey,  Ellen,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Hanson,  Zacliaria,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hays,  Bernard,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Hoskins,  Clayton,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hoverland,  Win.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Henion,  F.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Hepler,  Wm.  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Holt,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Handley,  C.  B.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hutson,  Nathan,  far. ;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Hutson,  Hanely,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Heisner,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontitic. 
Hartman,  Lewis,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hogabooni,  Harriet,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hosselton,  Frank,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Hinkle,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Haynes,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Hannum,  O.,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Rook's  Creek. 
Harms,  Henry,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Isenminger,  Isaac,  fai. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Johnston,  Johii  F..  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
-Johnston,  Olivei-,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  Stephen,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  Jolin  ().,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  K.  T.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Jacol)son,  Peter,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Jasperson,  Peter,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Johnson,  John  Jr.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Jensen,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Keet,  James  M.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Kidder,  Thos.  C.  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Kunkle,  Martin,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Krin^,  David,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Klett,  A.  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Larson,  Osman,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Lvshness,  M.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Lishness,  S.  G.,  far. ;  P.  C).  Rook's  Creek. 
Lishness,  L.  J.,  fur.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Larson,  Matthias,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Lee,  C.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Larimore,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
McKeegan,  Geo.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Mitchell,  Newton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Mitchell,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Mitchell,  .James,  X.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Martinson,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Martinson,  Matthias,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
McMillan,  A.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Mcintosh,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
McFarland.  Jas.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Moate,  Anthony,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Miser,  Sepen,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Minzemire,  Paul,  far.;  1*.  ().  Pontiac. 
Marks,  John  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Marks,  .James,  far.;  ]>.  O.  Pontiac. 
Marks,  G.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Marks,  Sarali  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Matheny,  W.  W.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Matheny,  W.  W.  AV..  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Marc,  Urban,  far.;  P.  O.,  Rook's  Creek. 
Myer,  Herman,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Myer,  August,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Marks,  A.  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
:Vliller,  Robert,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Montanye,  (i.  J.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
.Mami.  llenry,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Nieting,  Nicholas,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


Niefing.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Nieting.  Frank,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Niefing,  Matthias,  far.;  I'.  ().  Pontiac. 
Na.ser,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Nortli.  Daniel,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac.  ^ 
Olilkf,  John,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
O'Rrien.  liriggie,  Mr.s.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oliver,  Felix,  far.;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Oster,  Israel,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Oster,  Amanda  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
O'Connell,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  I'ontiac. 
Oster.  Elizabeth,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pettibone.  Emeline,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pemberton.  A.  P.,  far.;  1'.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pemberton,  V.  D.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Pample,  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pample,  Henry,  Jr.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pample,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pample,  Ciist.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Paine.  Wm.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Peterson,  Wm.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pcmtiac. 
Post,  Louis,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Potter,  Geo.  W..  far.;  P.  O.  Riiok's  Creek. 
Piper,  Richard,  f;ir. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pil)er,  John  W.,  far.;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Piper,  Josepli,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pro«'st'].(;.  J.,  far.;  P.  ().,  Pontiac. 
Powell,  Robert,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Pemberton,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Ryerson,  Tiiomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Rowe. 
Rush,  Stephen,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Andrew,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Abel,  fai'. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Rolieits,  James  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Runkle,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Richaidson,  Reinard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Render,  Michael,  far.;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Robinson,  Lyman,  far.:  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Rodeiick,  John  P.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Rodeiick,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Soppland,  .John  ().,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Swift,  Wm.  13.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Schneider,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sampson,  Ole  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sami)Son.  Lewis  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sidles,  James  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Sidles,  Charles,  far.    P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Shirling,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Saxton,  Giles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Saxton,  F.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Spaniol,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Spence,  T.  M.,  far.;  P.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Shelton,  C.  E.,  fai-. ;  V.  ( ).  Pontiac. 
Slielton,  S.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  I'ontiac. 
Scliinall,  Henry. 
Sullivan,  Jeremiah. 
Sciiickedanz.  Israel. 

Thompson,  Thos.  H.,  far.:  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Tipler,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Tuttle,  S.  R,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Thompson,  R.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  I'ontiac. 
Tlioiiipson,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Tanton,  Oscar. 

A'anhise,  AVm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Waters,  Sylvester,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
NVebhcr,  Lawrence,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiiic. 
Welilier,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


880 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Weber,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Worthington.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wettenouer,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wertz,  Wm.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wertz,  Chas.  W..  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Werkler,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  I^ontiac. 
Warra,  Halleck,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Wigan,  Halver,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Weyker,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Wlialen,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 


Whalen,  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Walston,  J.  Ct.,  far.;  P.  O.  Rook's  Creek. 
Watson,  F.,  far.;  P.  ().  Rook's  Creek. 
Watson,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  I'ontiac. 
Warner,  Rudolph,  far.;  P.  O,  Pontiac. 
Weist,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiac. 
Witherow,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Whitlatch,  A.  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Young,  F.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Young,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 


CHARLOTTE    TOWNSHIP. 


Allen,  J.  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Alfred,  David,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Askew,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Akyrsson,  Olilf,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Askew,  T.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brown,  Aaron,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Brieiiy,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatswortli. 
Becker,  John  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bingham,  J.  R.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Burns,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Burns,  John  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bottger,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatswortli. 
Bakker,  J.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Barnum,  M.  B. 

Brickley,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Blackwell,  G.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Bennett,  T.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brobst,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brigham,  E.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Burnett,  C  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
BuUard,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Brydeii,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Burgess,  J.  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Beiiham,  H.  ^V.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Beckman,  Rolf,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cunnington,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cooper,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Clark,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Clark,  D.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Clark,  Daniel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cahill,  Win.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Culkins,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Carney,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Carney,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cassels,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cliristensen,  C.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Christensen,  Chas., far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cook,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Cook,  S.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Curtis,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Connolly,  W.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Connolly,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Carrigan,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Chambers,  W.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Carr,  B.  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
CaiT,  H.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Creville,  G.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  ChatSM^orth. 
Carey,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Duffy,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Duffy,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Danforth,  J.  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Donahue,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


Donahue,  Dennis,  far.;  1'.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Donahue,  E.,  far;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dart,  H.  E.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Dart,  Sopha  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Donovan,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Dillon,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Drilling,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O  Chatsworth. 
Desmond,  T.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Damm,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Deeds,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Edwards,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ell)ert,  Simon,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Endres,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Edwards,  C.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Engeser,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Entursstle,  G  &  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Finnegan,  Anna,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Finnegan,  Owen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Frieehs,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fitzsimmons,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fav,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fesenbeck,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ferrell,  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Feddock,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Feeley,  Thos.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fitzmaurice,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fitzgerald,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fink,  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Greenwood,  Jas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Gruber,  Catharine,  P.  0  Chatsworth. 
Goggins,  Owen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Graff,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Graff,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Garvey,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Garvey,  Catharine,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Grehani,  Martin,  far.  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Greham,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Gingerich,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Gingerich,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Gingerich, Froney,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Gehle,  George,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Gelmers,  Jerah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Grebe,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Gleason,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hazen,  E.  E.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hutchinson,  John,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Harshbarger,  J.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hercules,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hallam,  Wm..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Harm,  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Haupt,  John  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hamlin,  A.  N.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


OWEGO  TOWNSHIP. 


881 


Haley,  Jolin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Hayes,  Dennis,  far.:  P.  ().  dhatswortli. 
Haasa,  Henry,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Howe,  Jerome,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Harry,  T.  S.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Harrv,  Charles,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Harry,  J.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Haskell,  Estella.  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatswortli. 
Ives.  T.  E.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Jacobs,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Keefe,  James,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Kerins,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Lamed,  H. M.  &  D.,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Lerana,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Linn,  Joseph  H.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Linn,  John  W.,  far. ;   P.  ( ).  Chatsworth. 
Linn,  Harr.  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Little,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lewis,  M.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Lahey,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Lahey,  Thomas,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Law,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Law,  James,  fai-. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Liston,  William,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
McKinley,  Robt.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Morrison.  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Morganson,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
McLane,  Frank,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Martin,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Menks,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Monahan,  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Monahan,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
McCarty,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Murphy,  Patrick,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Murphy,  Arthur,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth^. 
McKiernan,  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Moile,  AVuK,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Neil,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Neil,  Mary,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Neil,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Conner,  Tim.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
O'Conner,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


Pierev,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Pearson,  S.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Prater,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Pars(ms.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Parsons,  W.  K.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Reinfort,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Redd,  Taylor,  far,;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Rudoeph."  Henry,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Roeder,  II.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Rotch,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Staples,  Alfred,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stanford.  W.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stanford,  D.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stanford,  C.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Shockey,  E.  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatswort-.h. 
Slevin,  Matthew,  far.;  P.  O-  Chatsworth. 
Spear,  W.  L..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Spear,  N.  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stewart,  A.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stranigan.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Suitor,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Saatlioff,  Andrew, far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Shols,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Sleeth,  S.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Sleeth,  J.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Shaw%  D.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Smith,  G.  O.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Trask,  E.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Turpitt,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Tramans,  Hiram,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Van  Weiher,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Vail,  B.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Vail,  P.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Vreeland,  J.  G.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wynkoop,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Weinand,  Theo.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Williams,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wonder,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Walrich,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wilson,  W.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Welch,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Wittier,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatswortli. 
Wilds.  J.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


OWEGO    TOWNSHIP. 


Aney,  Daniel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Aple,  Henry,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Apel,  Christopher,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Algoe,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Algoe,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Algoe,  Alexander,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Algoe,  Robert,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Althaus,  Peter,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Althaus,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Abraham,  Chris.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Augustine,  John,  farmer;   P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brace,  Wm.  H..  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brewer,  J.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brewer,  Geo.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bennett.  Chas.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  I.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Brown,  Chailes,  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Berry,  John  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 


Berry,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  CayugB. 
Benedict.  B.  W..  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Bentlev,  A.  M.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Byers,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Burns,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Benham,  John,  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiac, 
Baldenspeler,  G.,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Church,  F.  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Clover.  8.  F.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Ptmtiac 
Converse,  Orlin,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Colon,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cotton,  Peter,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Cain,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Clough.  W.  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Cassidav,  .lohn,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Domoss,  Theo.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Demoss,  Mary  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiac. 
Dunn,  J.  K.,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 
Dunn,  Henrv,  farmer;  P.O.  Pontiac. 


882 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Davis,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Dronenburg,  R.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Dronenburg,  H.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Dann,  Alfred,  farmer:  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Dowjiey,  Jas.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Durkee,  E.  O.,  farmer:  P.  ().  Pontiae. 
Devoll,  Edw.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Ehlert,  Joseph,  farmer. 
Eichelberger,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Ellis,  Wendel,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Frieslapen,  John,  farmer;    P.  O.  Ponliac. 
Feinhold,  Fred.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Feinhold,  Chas.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Feinhold,  Wm.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Ferris,  G.  W.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Foster,  Geo.  B.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Fitzgerald,  M.,  farmer;  P.  0.  Cayuga. 
Frederick,  John,  farmer;  P.  ().  Cayuga. 
Gross,  Frederick,  farmer. 
Gross,  William,  farmer. 
Gsehwendtner,  J.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Gschwendtner,  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Grandy,  Xorman,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Gaines,  H.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Getehel.  I.  W^  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Hannaman,  D.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Hughes,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Hughes,  Ellis,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Hughes,  Robt.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Hiltabrand,  J.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Hartle,  Jos.,  far. ;  P,  ().  Pontiae. 
Harding,  Frank,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiae. 
Hul)er,  Geo.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cayuga. 
Huber,  Nicholas,  far. ;  P.  6.  Cayuga. 
Hayes,  Byron,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Pontiae. 
Hayes,  Silas,  far. ;  P.  ( ).  Odell. 
Holman,  John  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Hisener,  Jolm,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Holtzhour,  Adam,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Herman,  Jos.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Harris,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Harris,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Irwin,  W.  D.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Johnson,  Edwin  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Jones,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Pontiae. 
Jones,  Thos.  L.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Jones,  Orin  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Klingelhofer,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Koenig,  Fred.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cayuga. 
Krell,  Ernst,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Krell,  Edw.,  far.;  P.  ().  Pontiae. 
Kennedy,  Francis,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Kelly,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Kelly.  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Larson,  Matthias,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Latham,  Arthur,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Lowe,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Lewis,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Lefler,  Geo.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Lambert,  J.  B.,far.:  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Lloyd,  A.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Miller,  Christian,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Miller,  John,  fMr.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Ml  ler,  Henry  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Miller,  S.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pcmtiae. 
Moore,  W^  H  ,  far. ;  P.  O  Pontiae. 
Murphy,  D.  P.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
MeMahan,  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 


Melvin,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Mortimore,  H  T.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Munson,  Christ,  far. ;  P.  O  .Pontiae. 
Munson,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Norman,  Noah,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiae. 
Nagel,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Northhofer,  J.,  far. ;  P  O.  Cayuga. 
Payne,  A.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Porter,  J.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Penny,  J.  W.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Odell. 
Peterson,  Louis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Pfau,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O    Cayuga. 
Pillsbury,  F.,  far  ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Robins(m,  D.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Reinagle,  J.  M.,  Mrs.,  far. ;  P.  0-  Pontiae. 
Reinagle,  W.  V.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Reinagle,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Rollins,  C  W.,  far. ;  P.O.  Pontiae. 
Royle,  Joseph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Royle,  Jeremiah,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Russell,  C.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
Ross,  D.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Rotheram,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Roach,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Roth,  Gregory,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Smith,  J.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Fairbury. 
Smith,  R.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Sehultz,  J.  W.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Sehultz,  J.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Stinson,E.  A.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Sturman,  Wm.  T.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Scott,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Spillman,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Steward,  L.  W.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiae. 
Slyder,  S.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Slyder,  W.  E.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Shane,  David,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Shane,  D.  D.,  far. :  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Sansom,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Swygert,  Emanuel,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Swygert,  Chas.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Stoedter,  Charles,  far. :  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Sandoz,  Francis,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Shilling,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Schneider,  Daniel, far.;  P.  0.  Cayuga. 
Schneider,  J .  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Schaefer,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Stifler,  N.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiae. 
Tinges,  W.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Treeker,  Conrad,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Teach,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae 
Teach,  J.  K.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Tapper,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Yansaun,  G.  B.,  far.;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Vansaun,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Yincamp,  W.  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Yitzthum,  Anton,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cayuga. 
Yanvelson,  A.  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
W^orthington,  G.,  far.,  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Wolf,  J.  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
W^olfert,  Jacob,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
^\'arner,  Sarah,  far. ;  P.  0.  Pontiae. 
Wince,  Mary  M.,  far. ;  P.O.  Pontiae. 
Wilson,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  McDowell. 
W^ooley,  J.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Odell. 
Williams,  Edward,  far. ;  P.  0.  McDowell. 
Young,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 
Zeph,  Randolph,  far. ;  P.  O.  Pontiae. 


GERMANTOWN   TOWNSHIP. 


883 


GERMANTOWN    TOWNSHIP. 


Berbet,  John,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatswoith. 
Berbet,  George,  far.;  V.  ().  C'liatsworth. 
Berk,  Carl,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Bowers.  James,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Brownlee,  A.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Brieii,  Daniel,  O.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Brantz,  Henry,  far.;  P.  U.  Chatswortli. 
Chance,  J.  J., 'far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Curtis,  M.  L.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Caywooa.  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Corsaut,  Samuel,  far. ;  P.  U.  Cliatsworth. 
Chance,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Darrow,  Chas.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Darrow,  Freil'k,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Darrow,  F.  C.,  fat.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Daub.  Frederick,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Davis,  Henrv,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Detlaff,  Julius,  far. ;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Desire,  Miles,  far. ;  P.  (_).  Chatswortli. 
Dickinan,  George,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth.' 
Dickman,  Benj.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatswoith. 
Dorsey,  Cornelius,  far. ;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Dougan,  Austin,  far.;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Feeny,  Patrick,  far.;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
FreehillPat.,  far.;  P.  ().  Chatsworth. 
Froebe,  X.,  far.;  P.  ().  Cliatsworth. 
Froebe,  Letetia,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Fyfe,  B.  F.,  far.;  P.  O.  Cliatsworth. 
Grow,  J.  J.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Garbratch,  Jacob,  far.;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Gartzka,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Garbratch.  John,  far. ;  P.  0.  Cliatsworth. 
Gcembel,  W.  P.,  far.;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Grael,  John  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Graves,  Lafayette,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Graves,  L.  M.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Graves,  G.  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Green.  G.  L.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Glabe,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hart.  Henry,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hahn,  Willuim,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Halin,  Gottleib,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hansom,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  ChatSAVorth. 
Hansom,  Nelson,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hill,  Thomas,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsw'orth. 
Hill,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Heaber,  Isaac,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hornicle,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hornicle,  Henry,  fai-. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hornicle,  N.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hummel,  Anton,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Hertel,  Adam,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Jessup,  John,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


Johnson.  S.  E.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kelly,  Michael,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kellv,  Barney,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Knight,  M.  B..  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Kiminby,  Anton,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Koeitner,  George,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Leggate,  John.  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Leggate,  (Jeorge,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Jjeihe,  Christian,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Lockner,  John  G..  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Lutson,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Linnerman,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Mahood,  Mary,  far. ;  P.O.  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  C.  G.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Minnerly,  A.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Moore,  D.  D.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Chatsworth. 
Moore,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Miller,  Andrew,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Monahan,  Hugh,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Xetherton,  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Nelson,  Levi,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Nichols,  N.  D.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Neting,  John,  far. ;  1*.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Peterson,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Phillips,  Edward,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Quinn,  Michael,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatswoilh. 
Ra'tel,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Rounds,  Benj.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ruppel,  Philip,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Ruppel,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stockdale,  Thos.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Scliron,  Barney,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Schron,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Short,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Snutt,  Join  ,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Schade,  Jacob,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stockdale,  W.  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Sehle,  Richard,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Stein,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Storr,  Charles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth, 
Sommers,  C,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Tidman,  John,  Sr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Tidman,  John,  Jr.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Townsend,  J.,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Townsend,  James,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Trainer,  Samuel,  far. ;   P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Utech,  H.  W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Varner,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Webber,  Philip,  far.;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Westhuff,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
"Walters,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
Woodruff,  N.,  far  ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 
AVard,  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Chatsworth. 


FAYETTE     TOWNSHIP. 


^ 


-^7 


Anderson,  August,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Aaron,  Roberts  &  (!o.,  mers. ;  P.( ).  Strawn. 
Aaron,  V.  I.,  merchant;  P.  O-  Strawn. 
Armstrong,  R.,  far. ;  P.  ().  Strawn. 
Ankas,  T.  B.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Aaron,  T.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 


Bradshaw,E.  Mrs.,  milliner ;  P.O.  Strawn, 
Blazeing,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Stravyn. 
Bussard,  John,  far.,  P.  O.  Stiawn. 
Beggs,  Robert,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Brantz,  Henry,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Brown,  M.,  laborer;  P,  O.  stiawn. 

17 


884 


TAX-PAYERS  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY: 


Bidler,  C,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Brownlee,  T.,  laborer:  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Colton,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Golfer,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Curvea,  J.  H.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Cumbrink,  F.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Clemans,  Wm.,  laborer:  P.  ().  Strawn. 
Golfer,  John,  laborer;  P.O.  Strawn. 
Gonray,  Ed.,  laborer:  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Davis,  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Duncan,  G.  B.,  clerk:  P.  0.  Strawn. 
«>        Decker,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Ebersol.  James,  far. :  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Elliott,  Isaac,  far. :  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Erdman,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Ebersol,  J.  W.,  agt.  C.  &  P.  R.  R-;  P-  0. 

Strawn. 
Fitzgerald,  John. 

Filbert,  John,  laborer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Fanlk,  W.  B.,  laborer:  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Faulk,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Fisher,  Ed.,  grain  dealer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Gordon,  James,  far. :  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Gordon,  Wm.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Glasgen,  V.,far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Gibert  &  Brya,  grain  dealers ;  P.O.  Strav/n. 
Hanson,  S.  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Helmers,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Helmgreen,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Helmers,  M.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Hancock,  B. ; "".  O.  Ghicago. 
Henline,  H.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Herr,  Stephen,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Hopkins,  J.  M.,  far. :  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Heck,  Gharles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Hill,  James,  stock  dealer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Harvey,  George,  druggist ;   P.  O.  Strawn. 
Jacobs.  J.  W..  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Johnson,  John ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Johnson,  Jacob,  blacksmith :  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Koontz,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Kessler,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Kerster,  Fred.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Kearcher,  M..  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Keller,  P.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Koontz,  Joseph,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Kopp,  Adam,  groceryman;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Larson,  Alfred,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Lehmann,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
J  La  Glair,  A.  P.,  merchant ;   P.  O.  Strawn. 

Lirt,  A.  G.,  blacksmith,  Strawn. 
Lewis,  G.  W.,  shoemaker,  Strawn. 
Mitchell,  A.  S.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Montanan,  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Morgan,  Foster,  far. ;  P.  0.  Strawn. 
^   Mullen,  J.  'W.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Mow(!r,  John,  far. ;  P.  O  Strawn. 
Murphy,  Patrick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
McGorinick,  H.,  merchant,  Strawn. 
McGlure,  J.  D. 


McGormick,  Wm.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Morgan,  D.  R.,  grain  dealer,  Strawn. 
i*«I^icol,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Nighswonger,  L.  G.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Norris,  Thomas,  grain  dealer,  Strawn. 
Nelson,  David,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Poison,  Nels,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pool,  R.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pursley,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pursley,  Daniel,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Powley,  William,  tinner,  Strawn. 
Pool,  John,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pvle,  Gharles,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Pyle,  R.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Piester,  P.  J.,  merchant,  Strawn. 
Piester  &  Hamilton,  merchants. 
Pyle,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Rook,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Roberts,  M.  B.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Ryburg,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Ringler,  Hy.,  saloon  keeper,  Strawn. 
Ruttman,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
•  Roberts,  E.  H.,  merchant  and  Postmas- 
ter, Strawn. 
Rodershot,  H.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Richcreek,  E.  A.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Riley,  M..  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Richcreek.  J.  G.,  grain  dealer,  Strawn. 
Read,  George,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Read,  Whit,  grain  dealer,  Strawn. 
Read  &  Morgan,  grain'dealers,  Strawn. 
Stafford  &  ISTorris,  grain  dirs.,  Strawn. 
Stortz,  Philip,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Stevenson,  James,  farmer;  P.  O.  .strawn. 
Swanson,  A.,  farmer:  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Springer,  R.,  carp.,  Strawn. 
Seaton,  Gharles,-  farmer ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Seaton,  George,  farmer; P.O.  Strawn. 
Schneider.  Frederick,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Strawn,  W.  D.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Simons,  Peter,  butcher.  Strawn. 
Schade,  John,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Smith,  H.  G.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Struckmeyer,  F.,  harness  maker,  Strawn. 
Steers,  A.  W.,  wagon  maker,  Strawn. 
Stephens,  Stacey,  physician,  Strawn. 
Spray,  E.,  farmer;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Tryon,  G.  H.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Tryon,  G.  S.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Tryon,  F.  jST.,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Tanquary,  Isaac,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Turner,  Benjamin,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Ulfer,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Walker,  M.  A.,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Walker,  William,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Walter,  G.  F.,  far. ;  P.  0.  Strawn. 
Watterson,  Ghris.,  far.:  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Woods,  James,  far.;  P.  O.  Strawn. 
Yantz,  Peter,  far. ;  P.  O.  Strawn. 


BUSINESS    DIRECTORY. 


PONTIAC. 

American  House,  R-  J-  Johnson, 

Proprietor. 

Augustine,  Henry  &  Co.,  Pro- 
prietors Home  Nursery,  Normal,  111. 
Growers  and  Dealers  in  All  Kinds  of 
Fruit  and  Ornamental  Trees  and 
Shrubbery.  The  Snyder  Blackberry 
a  Specialty. 

Aerl,  Robert,  Dealer  in  Live  Stock, 
and  Proprietor  of  Aerl's  Feed   Yard. 

Adams,  J.  F.,  Brick  Mason,  Man- 
ufacturer, Contractor  and  Builder. 
Material  furnished  to  order,  or  shipped 
to  any  point. 

Avery,  O.  F.,  Attorney  at  Law  and 
Deputy  County  Clerk. 

Brower,  Martin  I.,  Attorney  at 
Law.  Office  in  Culver's  building,  north- 
west corner  public  square. 

BrUCker,  A.,  Agent,  Dealer  in  Dry 
Goods,  Groceries  and  General  Mer- 
chandise.    West  of  Court  House. 

Berry,    Wm.    W.,   Billiard    Hall. 

Dealer   in    Wines    and    Liquors,    Mill 
street. 

Blackmore,  Henry,  Proprietor  City 

Omnibus  Line. 
BabcOCk,  A.  L.  &  Co.,  Dealers  in 

Crockery,  Flour,  etc.,  41  Mill  street. 
Burke,    William,  Dealer  in   Wines 

and  Liquors. 
BabCOCk,  R.  W.,   Agent  Chicago   & 

Alton  Kailroad  Company. 


Bennett,  H.  S.,  Agent  of  the  Ameri- 
can and  IJnited  States  Express  Com- 
panies, and  Manager  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Office. 

BabCOCk,  J.  W.,  Dealer  in  Groceries. 

Bruner,  John  W.,  Dealer  in  Real 
Estate,  Stock,  etc. 

Bancroft,  L.  R.,  Horticulturist. 

Campbell,  F.  M.,  Stock  Dealer. 

Crawford,  W.  T.,  Dealer  in  Live 
Stock. 

Crawford,  W.  T.,  Meat  Market. 

Caldwell  &  Smith,  Druggists. 
Dealers  in  Books  and  Stationery,  Toilet 
Articles,  etc. 

Banking  Houseand  Loan 

Agency  of  Joseph  F.  Culver  A:  Co. 
Loan  money  at  8  per  cent,  interest ;  buy 
and  sell  Real  Estate.  Abstracts,  Convey- 
ancing and  Insurance."  S.  W.  Winans, 
Abstract  Clerk,"  S.  A.  Davi.son,  Insur- 
ance Clerk.  Joseph  F.  Culver,  Attor- 
ney at  Law  ;   Mary  M.  Culver. 

Dye,  J.  E.,  Grain  and  Coal  Dealer. 

Dufly  &  Kay,  Real  Estate  and  Insur- 
ance Agents.  Office  west  of  Court 
House. 

Downing,  Isaac  T.,  Furniture  and 
Undertakinir. 

Dolde,  Martin,  Manufacturer  of 
Wagons  and  Carriages,  Pontiac  and 
Ottawa. 

Egan,  John,  Constable.  Collections 
promptly  made. 


886 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


Eylar,  D.  C,  Notary  Public. 
EverS  &  Gore,    Dealers  in  Clothing 
and  Gents'  Furnishing  Goods. 

FilkinS,  John  W.,  M.  D.,  Physi- 
cian and  Surgeon,  Proprietor  of  Union 
Drug  Store  and  Union  Elevators. 

Fyfe,  Wm.  B.,  Attorney  at  Law. 
Office  in  Union  Block. 

Fischer,  Joseph,  Dealer  in  Furniture 
and  Coffins,  opposite  Perry  House. 

Folks,  R.  D.,  Contractor,  Carpenter 
and  Builder. 

Fellows,  John  A.,  Abstract  and  Loan 
Agent. 

Fisher,  A.  F.,  Capitalist. 

Gray,  Benj.  W.,  Dealer  in  Harness 
and  Saddles. 

Gibbons,  John  H.,  Constable.  All 
business  promptly  attended  to. 

Gilbert,  C.  C,  Palace  of  Sweets  Bak- 
ery, Confectionery  and  Ice  Cream  Par- 
lors. Oysters  served  in  every  style. 
Bread  made  by  a  new  patent  process. 
Pies  and  Cakes.  The  finest  line  of 
Confectionery  in  the  city.  One  door 
north  of  the  post  office. 

GunSUl,  H.  B.,  Livery,  Sale  and  Feed 
Stable,  southeast  corner  public  square. 

Gaff,  J.  H.,  Blacksmith. 

Hunter  &  Pillsbury,  Dealers  in 
Groceries  and  Agricultural  Implements, 
Union  Block. 

Honeywell,  J.  D.,  Stone  and  Brick 
Mason. 

Huber,  S.  W.,  Dealer  in  Live  Stock, 
and  Proprietor  Centennial  Meat  Market, 
Madison  street. 

Harding,  A.  E.,  Attorney  at  Law. 
Office  in  Union  Block. 

Hannaman,  P.  M.,  Dealer  in  Fam- 
ily Groceries,  Bakery,  Restaurant  and 
Ice  Cream  Saloon,  Madison  street. 

Humiston,  Bennet,  Dealer  in  Live 
Stock. 


Jenkins,  W.  H.,  Clerk  Circuit  Court. 
John,  R.  M.,    Abstracts,    Real    Estate 
and  Loans. 

Johnson,  R.  J.,  Dealer  in  Coal. 

John,  Reason  M.,  Notary  Public 
and  Real  Estate  Agent,  Lawrence  Build- 
ing ;  will  make  Abstracts  of  Title,  loan 
Money,  do  Conveyancing,  make  Collec- 
tions and  pay  Taxes ;  Wild  Lands  to 
exchange  for  Improved  Farms  in  Liv- 
ingston Co. 

Johnson,   Morris,    Dealer   in    Live 

Stock. 

Johnson,  A.  K.,  M.  D.,  Homoeo- 
pathic Physician.  Office  over  Rugg  & 
Reeds  Hardware  Store.  Hours  from 
8  to  11  A.  M.;  2  to  4  and  7  to  8  P.  M. 
Residence  at  office. 

Krack,  I.  J.,  County  Treasurer. 

Kent,  L,  E.,  Dealer  in  Grain. 

Keach,  J.  C,  Manufacturer  of  Car- 
riages and  Spring  Wagons,  Howard 
street. 

Linell,  P.  S.,  Harness  Maker. 

Livingston  County  Democrat, 

J.  G.  Ford,  Editor  and  Proprietor. 

Lutyen,  L.  F.,  Dealer  in  Watches, 
Clocks,  Jewelry  and  ^  Silverware,  Odd- 
Fellows  Hall. 

Lutyen  Brothers,  Dealers  in  Drugs, 
Books  and. Fancy  Goods,  Odd-Fellows 
Hall. 

Lunt,  Wm.  H.  &  Son,  Grain  Mer- 
chants and  Dealers  in  Coal,  at  Eastern 
depot. 

Livingston    County  National 

Bank,  J-   M.  Greenebaum,  Pres.;  H. 
G.  Greenebaum,  Cashier;  D.  C.  Eylar, 
Assistant  Cashier. 
Lee    &    Umphenour,  Blacksmiths. 

Lacy,  W.  S.,  Dealer  in  Hardware 
Stoves,  Tinware  and  Agricultural  Imple- 
ments. 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


887 


Lyon,   D.    M.,    Dealer    in    Boots  and 
Shoes,  Madison  street. 

Lord,  Wallace,   Proprietor  of  Lord's 
Opera  House. 

Legg  &  Vogllt,  Dealers  in  Boots  and 
Shoes,  west  side  of  public  square. 

McNichol,  John,  Manufacturer  of 
Boots  and  Shoes. 

Mitchell  &  Keck  (S.  B.  Mitchell, 

Chicago,  and  C.  Kock,  successors  to 
A.  F.  Fisher),  Dealers  in  Lumber, 
Lath,  Shingles,  Pickets,  Posts,  Doors, 
Sash,  Blinds,  Lime,  Hair,  Plaster,  Ce- 
ment, etc. 

McCalla,  John,  Dealer  in  Boots  and 
Shoes,  west  side  of  public  square. 

McDowell,  H.  H.,  Attorney  at  Law  ; 
office  over  Free  Trader,  north  side  of 
public  square. 

MoSSholder,  S.  H.,  Manufacturer 
and  Dealer  in  Harness,  Saddles,  Bridles, 
Whips,  etc. ;  Carriage  Trimming  a 
specialty. 

National  Bank  of  Pontiac,  J. 

E.  Morrow,  President;  B.  P.  Babcock, 
Vice  President ;  0.  P.  Bourland,  Cash- 
ier ;  Correspondents :  First  National 
Bank,  Chicago  ;  Metropolitan  National 
Bank,  New  York. 

Olney,  R.  &  Co.,  Union  Block ;  Title, 
Abstract  and  Real  Estate  office ;  loan 
Money,  buy  and  sCTl  Real  Estate,  make 
Abstracts  of  Title,  draw  Conveyances, 
etc.,  etc. 

Perry,  W.  W.,  Janitor  of  Court  House. 

Packer,  Frank  E.,  Painter. 

Pierce  &  NeWCOmb,  Contractors 
and  Builders,  and  Proprietors  Pontiac 
Planing  Mill  and  Manufacturers  of 
Builder's  Material. 

Pontiac   Sentinel,  Fred.  L.  AUes, 

Editor  and  Proprietor;  Commercial  and 
Job  Printing  neatly  executed  at  low 
rates. 


Phoenix  Hotel,  J.  F.  Stafford,  Pro- 
prietor. 

Pontiac  Free  Trader,  Johnson  & 

Stuff,  Proprietors  ;    all    kinds   of    Job 
Printing  neatly  done  at  low  rates. 
Perry  House,  corner  Mill  and   How- 
ard streets,  Wm.  Perry,  Proprietor. 

Pearre,  O.  F.,  Attorney  at  Law ;  makes 
a  specialty  of  Collecting ;  office  in  Cul- 
ver's Bank. 

Post,  F.  F.,  Land  Agent  of  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  R.  R.  Co. 

Pillsbury,  S.  O.,  Foundry  and  Ma- 
chine  Shop. 

Pontiac  Steam  Flour  Mill,  E. 

Reilly  &  Co.,  Proprietors  ;  best  brands  of 
Spring  and  Winter  Wheat  Flour;  high- 
est market  price  paid  for  Wheat. 

Reilly,  E.,  Manufacturer  of  Brick  ; 
keeps  on  hand  a  supply  of  the  best 
quality  of  brick. 

Rankin,  T.  J.,  Plasterer. 

Robinson,  B.  E.,  County  Sheriff  of 
Livingston  Co. 

Rice,  George  W.   &  Co.,  Dealers 

in  Furniture  and  Coffins,  Madison  street. 

RicketSOn,  S.,  Restaurant  and  Dining 
Room,  corner  Mill  and  Howard  streets. 

RicketSOn,  S.,  Feed  Yard,  corner  of 
Plumb  and  Howard  streets. 

I  Remick,  J.  W.,  Mrs.,  Dress  Making, 

Millinery  and  Ladies'  Furnishing  Goods, 

Remick  Building. 
Renoe,  M.  A.,  Dealer   in    Drugs   and 

Medicines. 
ScOUller,    J.    D.,    Superintendent    of 

Illinois  State  Reibrm  School. 

Smith,  Frank,  Jewelry,  Watches,  etc. 

Schulz,    E.    F.,    Saloon    and    Billiard 

Hall. 
Strawn,  C.  C,  Attorney  at  Law  ;  office 
over  Free  Trader,  north  side  of  public 
square. 


888 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


Stites,  John  J.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 

Surgeon. 
*    Story,  W.  H,,  Photographic  Artist. 
Streamer,  Jacob,  Drug  and  Variety 
Store,  north   side  Court  House  Square. 

Turner,  Joseph  P.,  Capitalist. 

Waters,  C.  R.,  Grain  Dealer. 

Wait,  Alvin,  County  Clerk. 

Welch,  R.  B.,  Principal  of  Public 
Schools  and  author  of  "Common  Sense 
applied  to  Numbers,  or  the  Word  Sys- 
tem in  reading  columns  of  Figures,  ex- 
plained and  exemplitied." 

Wickery,  J.  C,  Plasterer. 
Wilson,   E.  L.,    Blacksmith,   Howard 
.street :  Horse  Shoeing  a  specialty. 

Wallace  &  Terry,  Attorneys  at  Law ; 
office  in  Union  Block. 

Woodrow   &   Fiirsman,    Union 

Block,  Abstract  and  Loan  office;  fur- 
nish correct  Abstracts  of  Title  to  all 
Lands  in  Living'Ston  County  ;  Money 
loaned  on  Improved  Farms ;  Agents  of 
^Etna,  Niagara  &  American  Central  In- 
surance Co. 

FAIRBURY. 

Allen,  W^.  H.,  Dealer  in  Groceries, 
Provisions,  Crockery,  Glassware,  etc. 

Barnes  Brothers    'S.  M.  Barnes, 

31.  D.,  U.  S.  Examining  Surgeon,  and 
H.  E.  W.  Barnes,  M.  D.,  Assistant  Sur- 
geon 10th  Bat.  Ills.  N.  G.),  Physicians 
and  Surgeons  ;  Surgery  and  Obstetrics  a 
specialty. 

Brewer,  Dann,  Dr.,  Homteopathic 

Physician  and  Surgeon  ;  treats  all  dis- 
eases incident  to  the  human  system ; 
special  attention  given  to  Chronic  Cases 
and  the  diseases  of  Women  and  Chil- 
dren ;    office  over  Allen's  grocery  store 

Bartlett,  Beach   &   Downing, 

Banking  and  ileal  Estate.  This  firm 
commenced  business  June  15, 1874,  and 


are  doing  a  General  Banking  business  i 
Loans  made  on  Pieal  Estate  for  Eastern 
and  other  parties  ;  Collections  promptly 
attended  to ;  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Exchange  sold. 

Bruce,  H.  L.,  Insurance  and  Real  Es- 
tate ;  represents  the  following  reliable 
Fire  and  Life  Instirance  Companies  • 
Insurance  Company  of  North  America, 
Philadelphia  ;  German  American,  New 
York ;  North  British  and  Mercantile, 
London  ;  Franklin,  Philadelphia  ;  Fire- 
mans  Fund,  California  ;  Springfield  F. 
and  M.,  Springfield,  Mass. ;  Imperial 
and  Northern.  London  ;  Scottish  Com- 
mercial, Glasgow  ;  National  Life,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C;  Continental,  Hartford, 
Conn. 

Brownson  &  Ferguson,  Contract- 
ors and  Builders. 

Brownson  &  Russell,  Contractors 
and  Builders. 

Coomer,  A.  &  Co.,  Dealers  in  Lum- 
ber, Lath,  Lime,  Cement,  Stucco,  etc. 

Earnheart,  James  F.,  Dealer  in 

Agricultural  Implements. 

Elliott  Bros.,  General  Stock  of  Mer- 
chandise,' consisting  principally  of  Dry 
Goods,  Notions,  Hats,  Caps,  Boots, 
Shoes  and  Groceries,  Masonic  Block. 

Fraley,  Jas.  F.,  Physician  ;  Chronic 
diseases  a  specialty. 

First  National   Bank  (organized 

April  2,  1872),  1.  P.  McDowell,  Presi- 
dent ;  J.  J.  Taylor,  Vice  President  ;  T. 
S.  0.  McDowell,  Cashier.  Paid-up  cap- 
ital, §50,000 ;  New  York  Correspondent: 
Ninth  National  Bank  ;  Chicago  Corre- 
spondent :  Preston,  Kean  &  Co. 

Fairbury  House,  S.  S.  Rogers,  Pro- 
prietor. 

Gibb,  James,  Lessee  and  Superintend- 
ent of  the  East  Coal  Shaft ;  Coal  fur- 
nished at  reasonable  rates,  and  all  orders 
promptly  attended  to. 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


889 


Gillette,  H.  M.,  Dealer  in  Grain.  | 

Gregg,   Emery,  Dealer  in  Lumber ; 
full  supply  on  hand.  j 

Gardner,  John,  Con.stable.  i 

Hornbeck,  Henry,  Proprietor   of 

Fairbury  Stone  Quarry,  two  and  a  half 
miles  southwest  of  Fairbury  ;  a  good 
quality  of  Building  Stone  furnished  at 
reasonable  rates. 

Harbison,  Alexander,  Architect 

and  Superintendent ;  Plans  and  Specifi- 
cations furnished  at  reasonable  rates,  and 
all  orders  executed  promptly. 

Kring,  G.  W.,  Patentee  and  Manufact- 
urer of  the  best  Check  Rower  now  in 
use ;  Improvements  Pat.  Feb.  15, 1876; 
no  Side  Draft,  no  Rope  to  shrink  in  wet 
weather,  G.W.  Kring  is  also  Proprietor 
and  Patentee  of  the  best  Riding  Corn 
Cultivator  in  use,  combining  ease  of 
draft  with  perfect  work  ;  correspondence 
solicited. 

Kingman,  Henry,  Dealer  in  Hard- 
ware. Tinware,  Stoves,  Nails,  Agricult- 
ural Implements  and  Seeds. 

King,  James,  Jr.,  Dealer  in  Lumber, 
Lath,  Shingles,  Sash,  Doors,  Blinds, 
Lime,  Brick,  Drain  Tile,  etc. 

Kimball,  S.  P.,  Dr.,  Druggist  and 
Dealer  in  Pure  Medicines,  Chemicals, 
Perfumeries,  Drug-s,  Paints,  Oils,  Toilet 
Soajts.  Pure  Wines  and  Liquors  for 
Medical  use.  Cigars,  Tobacco,  etc. ;  Pre- 
scriptions carefully  compounded  at  all 
hours. 

McDowell,  W.  G.,  Attorney  at  Law 
and  Notary  Public  ;  Real  Estate  bought 
and  sold,  Taxes  paid  and  Titles  exam- 
ined ;  Pensions,  Bounties  and  Govern- 
ment Land  Claims  a  specialty.  Special 
Agent  for  the  sale  of  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa   Fe  Railroad  Lands  in  Kan.sas, 


Mundt,  A.  H.,  Dealer  in  Watches, 
Clocks,  Jewelry,  Silverware  and  Gold 
Pens ;  repairing  reasonable. 

Mecord,  S.  D.,  Proprietor  of  Mecord's 
Stone  Quarry,  two  and  a  half  miles 
southwest  of  Fairbury  ;  a  good  quality 
of  Building  Stone  supplied  at  reasonable 
rates ;  also,  sand  furnished  for  building 
purposes. 

McDowell,  O.  P.,  Dealer  in  Hard- 
ware, Stoves,  Nails,  Tinware,  Farm  Ma- 
chinery, Castings,  Cutlery,  Iron  and 
Steel. 

MurdOCk  &  Clark,  Attorneys  at 
Law  and  Insurance  and  Collecting 
Agents  (D.  L.  Murdock,  State's  At- 
torney, and  A.  J.  Clark,  Attorney  at 
Law )  ;  office  two  doors  east  of  Post 
Office. 

McKeirnan,Tliomas,Sr.,  Engineer 

at  the  East  Coal  Shaft. 

Potter,  D.  R.,  Proprietor  of  Grange 
Meadow  Stock  Farm,  two  and  one-half 
miles  southeast  of  Fairbury,  Breeder  of 
Imported  Stock,  consisting  of  Thorough- 
bred Short-horn  Cattle,  Draft  and  Road- 
ster Horses,  Berkshire  Swine,  Buff 
Cochin  Chickens,  etc..  Post  Office,  Fair- 
bury, 111. 

Stackpole,  Wm.  T.,  Real  Estate 
Agent;  established  in  1866;  Lands, 
Farms  and  Town  and  City  Property 
sold  and  bought  on  Commission  ;  special 
attention  given  to  purchase  or  sale  of 
Western,  Southern  and  Illinois  Lands  ; 
Loans  negotiated.  Titles  examined.  Ex- 
changes made ;  Contracts,  Deeds,  Leases, 
Mortgages,  etc.,  correctly  and  car^'fuUy 
drawn  and  acknowledged,  and  an  ex- 
tended experience  and  faithful  care  given 
to  the  correct  transaction  of  all  business 
at  the  Agency  or  abroad  ;  charges  rea- 
sonable, and  Maps,  Plats,  Information 
and  Advic€  free  to  all. 


and  Lands  Generally  in  Nebraska,  Mis-      Straight,    R.    C,   Proprietor   of    the 
souri  and  Texas.  ,        Fairbury  Drain  Tile  Manufactory. 


890 

» 

Scibird,  J.  S.,  Editor  and  Proprietor 
of  the  Independent  Blade,  published 
every  Saturday ;  special  attention  paid 
to  Local  News;  terms,  $1.50  per  year. 
A  complete  Job  Printing  Ofl&ce  in  con- 
nection with  the  Independent  Blade, 
where  all  kinds  of  Commercial,  Book 
and  Poster  Printing  is  done  in  a  superior 
manner  and  at  reasonable  prices. 

Taylor,  W.  H.,  Dealer  in  Dry  Goods, 
Notions,  Carpets,  Oil  Cloths,  Boots, 
Shoes,  Hats,  Caps  and  Groceries,  Locust 
street. 

Thornton,  D.,  Proprietor  of  Central 
House. 

Virgin    &    Brown,   Importers   of 

French  Horses,  Fairbury,  111.,  and 
Havre,  France.  Our  facilities  for  im- 
porting Pure-Bred  Horses  can  be  sur- 
passed by  no  one ;  one  of  us  residing  in 
France,  that  being  his  home  for  the  past 
twenty  vears,  and  being  intimately  ac- 
quainted with  nearly  all  the  breeders  of 
Percheron  and  Norman  Horses,  it  ena- 
bles us  to  buy  much  cheaper  than 
strangers,  and  also  to  save  the  expense 
of  traveling,  interpreters  and  many  other 
expenses.  These  advantages  we  propose 
to  give  to  those  wishing  to  purchase 
Pure-Bred  Horses  ;  notwithstanding  the 
sales  recently  made,  we  are  prepared  to 
supply  the  demand ;  including  two  im- 
portations this  season,  we  have  in  the 
past  three  years  imported  thirty-five  head 
of  as  fine  Horses  as  could  be  bought  in 
France,  and  now  have  ten  head  of  No.  1 
horses  for  sale  ;  Correspondence  solicited 
and  promptly  answered ;  address  John 
Virgin.  Fairbury,  Livingston  Co.,  111. 
Time  given  if  required. 

Walton  Bros.  We  have  selected  our 
goods  for  this  season's  trade  with  un- 
usual care,  and  are  enabled  to  oflFer  a 
more  varied  and  extensive  assortment 
than  ever  before ;  our  stock  is  full  and 
complete  in  each  department,  and  con- 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY, 


sists  of  Dry  Goods,  Notions,  Clothing, 
Hats,  Caps,  Boots,  Shoes,  Groceries  and 
Shelf  Hardware ;  also,  a  full  stock  ot 
Furniture. 

Watson,  Hoiden  &  Co.,  Lessees 
and  operators  of  the  Old  Pioneer  Coal 
Shaft.  We  are  now  prepared  to  furnish 
a  better  quality  of  Coal  than  ever  be- 
fore ofiered  to  the  public,  at  reasonable 
rates  ;  all  orders  will  receive  careful  and 
prompt  attention. 

Wright,  James  M.,  Deputy  Sheriff. 

Zimmerman,    John,    Dealer    in 

Paints,  Oils,  Window  Glass.  School 
Books,  Stationery,  Perfumery,  Wall 
Paper,  Window  Shades,  etc. 

DWICHT. 

Baker,  C.  M.,  Druggist ;  Dealer  in 
Stationery.  Soaps,  Perfumery,  etc.,  also 
in  Musical  Instruments,  Pianos,  Organs, 
etc.,  and  Ornamental  Sign  Painter. 

Cadwallader,  H.,  Proprietor  '•  Farm- 
er's Elevator  '  and  Dealer  in  Grain, 
Seed  and  Coal. 

ConradS,  W.  H.,  Manufacturer  of 
Butter  Tubs,  Barrels  and  Cisterns. 
Planing,  Turning,  Scroll  Sawing,  Dress- 
ing, Matching,  etc. 

Dunlap,  Joseph  I.,  Attorney  at  Law. 

Douglas,  William,  Agent  for  Chi- 
cago, Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Dwight  Commercial,  C.  M.  Cyrus, 

Editor,  and  printer  of  practical  experi- 
ence ;  a  six-column  quarto,  non-.sectarian, 
devoted  to  the  best  interests  of  all 
classes  of  society ;  circulation  increasing. 
Price  $1.50  per  year.  First-class  job 
ofiice  in  connection. 

Dernbach,  Adam,  Barber  and  Hair 
Dre.sser  ;  Shaving,  Hair  Cutting,  Dye- 
ing and  Shampooing  done  neatly  and 
promptly. 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


891 


Dwight  Bank,  Z.  Tuttle,  Pres.; 
S.  Tuttle,  Cashier.  Transact.s  a  general 
banking  business,  buys  and  sells  Foreign 
anil  Domestic  Exchange,  sells  Passage 
Tickets  to  and  frura  Europe.  Prompt 
and  careful  attention  given  to  collections, 
etc. 

Dwight   Flouring   Mill,  H.  E. 

Siegert,  Proprietor. 

Eldridge,  H.,  Dealer  in  General  Mer- 
chandise. 

Flagler,  G.  Z.,  Lumber  and  Building 
Material.    ( Firm  of  Flagler  it  Johnson.) 

Gould,  A.  E.,  General  Merchandise. 

Har greaves,  F,  B.,  Attorney  at  Law 

and  Public  Speaker. 
Hetzel,  J.  C,  General  Merchandise. 
Hahn  &  Kime,  Dealers  in  Grain  and 

Live  Stock. 

Ketcham,  W.  H.,  Justice  of  the 
Peace  and  Village  Trustee. 

Kepplinger,  Geo.,  Carriage  and 
^^  agon  Manufacturer. 

KenyOD,  H.  A.,  Books  and  Stationery. 
Proprietor  of  Kenyons  Club  Agency, 
News  Depot  and  Circulating  Library. 
Printed  Stationery  a  specialty.  No 
extra  charge  for  business  designs. 
School  Furniture,  School  Books,  Blanks, 
Notions,  Toys,  etc. 

Mickelson,  Nelson  N.,  Dealer  in 

Staple  and  Fancy  Groceries. 

McKay,  A.,  Manufacturer  of  and 
Dealer  in  Harness,  Saddles,  Rubes, 
Whips,  etc.  Light  Harness  a  specialty  ; 
all  work  warranted. 

McWilliamS,  D.,  Banker  and  Broker. 
Exchange — Foreign  and  Domestic  — 
sold  in  any  amount.  Tickets  to  Foreign 
ports,  East  street. 

McPherSOn  Hotel,  John  Stafford, 
Proprietor;  Chas.  H.  McPherson  (son) 
Manager.  Wants  of  traveling  public 
promptly  supplied. 


Mcllduff,  James,  Police  Magistrate 
and  Collection  Agent. 

Newell,  H.  D.,  Beal  Estate  and  Grain. 

Pearre,  L.  G.,  Attorney  and  Counselor 
at  Law. 

Palmer,  C.  L.,  makes  a  specialty  of 
Superior  Printing  ;  Publisher  and  Pro- 
prietor of  the  Diciglit  Star.  The  latest 
and  neatest  styles  of  type,  the  best 
presses  and  most  experienced  workmen. 
First-class  material  always  used,  and 
prices  as  low  as  good  w/jrk  can  be  se- 
cured for  anywhere.     Address  Star. 

Parsons,  J.  B.,  Dealer  in  Coal,  Ice, 
Agricultural  luiplements.  Building  Ma- 
terial, etc. 

Roe,  R.,  Mrs.  Proprietress  Floral  Gar- 
den and  Hut  House.  She  keeps  on 
hand  from  the  best  N.  Y.  Florists  the 
full  varieties  of  Calandrinia,  Calceolaria, 
Camellia,  Cactus,  Carnation,  Centauria, 
Fuchsia,  Geranium,  Gladiolus,  Dahlia, 
and  many  others  too  numerous  to  men- 
tion.    Prairie  avenue. 

Sims,  W.    S,,   Dealer   in  Lumber  and 

Coal. 
SCUtt,      DeWitt,      Contactor      and 

BuiUlei. 

Schumm,  J.  F.,  Meat  Market,  East 
street.  Always  keeps  choice  fresh 
meats. 

Schumm,  J.  G.,  European  Hotel  and 
Bcstaurant,  West  street. 

Stitt,  Wm.  M.,  Livery  and  Feed  Sta- 
blc.  Horses  boarded  by  the  day  or 
week.  Conveyances  furnished  for  all 
occasions  and  at  reasonable  terms. 

Thompson,  H.,  Grain  Merchant. 

Thompson,  John,  Justice  of  the 
Peace,  Notary  Public,  Collection  Agent. 

Thole,  H.  G.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and 

Surgeon. 


«Q2 


BUSrSESS   DIREt?TORY. 


CHATSWORTH. 

Byington,  Wm.  C,  M.  D.,  office 

over  £.  A.  Bangs  i  Co.'s  Drug  Store. 

Bangs,    E.    A.,    &    Co.,   Dealers   in 
Drugs    and    Medicines,    Oils.     Paints,  t 
Glass    and    Putty.    Dye-stuffs.    Patent 
Mciicines.  Wines.   Liquors,    ^'all    Pa- 
r.er.  Gr'Xeries  and  Notions. 

Bangs,  H.  ML,  Main  street ;  Dealer  in 
I'm^^s.  Me<licines.  Chemic-als,  Oils.  Var- 
nishes. Paints.  Glass.  Putty,  Fine  Soaps, 
Perfumery,  Dye  Woods  and  Dye  Stuflfe 
generally.  Sponges,  Brushes,  and  all 
other  articles  kept  by  Drug^ts  gener- 
ally. Physicians'  Prescriptions  c-are- 
fullv  comp-.^unded. 

Bangs,  E.  A^  &  Co.,  Bankers  :   Col- 

.ection«  made  at  lowest  rates.  ' 

Billiard,  J.  T^  Dealer  in  Lumber. 
Sasli.  Dxrs.  Lime.  Nails.  Building  Pa- 
per, Sand  and  Brick ;  also  dealer  in 
Pressed  Hay  and  Pumf>s.  Office  west 
of  T..  P.  &  W.  Depot. 

Cottage  House,  Wm.  Cowling,  Prop. 

DeLong,  J.  L.,  City  Grocer  and  Con- 
fectioner ;  all  kinds  of  Family  Grx-eries 
on  hand.     Fruits  and  Cured  Meats  a 

specialty.  j 

Fosdick,  Samuel  T.  >  Succesor  to 

Eosdick  i  Waiiace  ,  Attorney  and 
Cotmselor  at  Law  ;  will  practic-e  in  Liv- 
ingston and  adjoining  Counties.  All 
legal  business  intrusted  to  my  c-are  will 
receive  prompt  attention. 

Heppe,  Conrad,  Charswonh  Bakery. 
Grocery  and  Restaurant ;  Meals  served 
at  all  hours ;.  req)ectfuUy  solicit  the 
country  transient  trade.  i 

Hall,  W.  S.,  Manufacturer  and  Dealer 
in  Furniture,  Looking  Glasses.  Picture 
Frames,  etc..  Pianos.  Organs  and  all 
other  Musif-al  Instruments. 

Hunt,  D.  W.,  M.  D.,  office  opposite 
HaJ  i  Crane  5  Hardware  Store. 


Hall,  A.  H.,  Photographer  and  Dealer 
in  Frames.  Albums.  Steroscopic  Views. 
etc. 

Hall  &  Crane,  General  Hardware. 
Tinware,  Sivves,  Qaeensware.  Staple 
and  Fancy  Groceries,  Paints,  Oils,  Putty. 
Guns  and  Ammunition.  Sole  Agents 
tor  Tascotts  Enamel  Mixed  Paints. 

Kenyon,  N.  C,  Dealer  in  Newspapers. 
Periodicals,  ."^ch'jol  Books,  Notions  and 
Stationery.  Orders  for  Books,  etc., 
filled  at  Publishers'  prices. 

Miller,  Mllo  M .,  Broom  Manufacturer. 

Megquier,  J.  H.,  Justice  of  the 
Peace.  Eeal  Estate  and  Collecting 
Acrent.     Office  over  the  post  office. 

Marvel  Feed  Mill,  made  expressly 
for  Pumping  Wind  Mills.  <  Patent 
pending. !  Price  S25.00.  Dan.  Brig- 
ham  and  Maj.  D.  E.  Shaw,  Proprietors. 

Patton,  Samuel,  Blacksmith  and 
Machinist ;  Shop  south  of  depot. 

Roberts  &  Lantry,  Hardware  and 
Gr.xeries :  we  shall  be  glad  to  see  you 
and  cordially  invite  the  Farmers  to  c-all 
and  see  our  immense  Stock  of  Goods. 

Eumbold,  Robert,  Real  Estate  and 
Insurance  Agent.  .Etna,  Hartford: 
Continental,  N.  Y.;  The  German. 
Peoria;  Home,  N.  Y.;  Hartford,  Conn.; 
Washington.  N.  Y.;  American  Sentinel. 
St.  Louis.  Call  on  me  and  I  will  write 
vou  up  a  pHjlicy  at  the  lowest  possible 
rates.     Office  with  J.  T.  Bullard. 

Sears,  W.  W.,  Real  Estate  and  Col- 
lecting Agent,  and  Auctioneer.  Office 
near  the  depot. 

Shaw,  D.  E.,  Maj.,  Manufacturer  of 
Shaw's  Self-Regulating  Star  Wind  Mill 
for  pumping  water  for  Farm  and  Rail- 
road purposes,  is  unequaled  in  strength, 
durability,  p«:>wer  and  regular  motion. 
Patented  Aug.  29,  1870.  All  orders 
should  be  addressed  to  Major  D.  E. 
Shaw. 


BCSIXESS  DIKECTORT. 


Shroyer,  Peter,  Dealer  in  Hard  and 
Soft  Coal.  Ordeis  solicited  and  promptly 
filled. 

Speicher,  L.  C,  3Iantt&ctnra-  of 
Spring  Wa^roas.  Farmers  deal  with  joar 
mechanics  at  home  and  it  will  always  pay 
you.  Plows  polished ;  Horse-shodng  a 
specialty;  Blacksmhhing  of  aO  kinds 
done  on  the  shortest  nodee,  and  war- 
ranted.    Gire  me  a  ealL 

Spurgln,  E.  M.,  Proprietor  Chats- 
Korth  Plaindealer  and  Joh  Printh^ 
Office,  over  Hall  Jt  Crane's  Hardware 
Store. 

Sanford,  O.,  Livery  and  Feed  Stable ; 
l.wi::c-i:  and  bi^t  Livery  Stable  in  Chats- 
worth,  one  5«iuare   southwest   of  depot. 

True,  Chas.,  M.  D.,  offi:^  H.  M. 

Banc's  Dni_'  Store. 

Timm,  Jolm,  dealer  in  Ltunber,  Dix.rs, 
Saih.  Blinds.  Lime,  Hair.  Cement, 
Sand.  Nails,  Building  Material,  etc. 
Office  and  Yard  on  Fifth  street. 

Torrance,  G.,  Attorney  at  Law  and 
Solicitor  in  Chanc-ery ;  will  praedee  in 
all  Courts  of  this  State.  Particular 
attention  given  to  Collections.  Office 
ever  the  post  office. 

Wilson,  C.  A.,  &  CO^  Banker^  .'sn,:- 
ce-*ors  CO  the  Bank  of  Chatsworth  . 
A  general  banking  business  transacted. 

WakeliD,  Wm.  H^  Dealer  in  Gro- 

\.trica  and  Provisions,  Flour,  Crockery. 
Glassware,  Teas,  Tobacco,  Spices,  Lamps. 
Liimp  G'X>ds,  etc.,  etc.,  near  the  comer 
of  Fifth  and  Locust  streets. 

Walter,  John.  Dealer  in  Dry  Goods 
Hats  and  Caps,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Dress 
Goods,  Prints,  etc.,  etc.  We  have  the 
largest  and  best  stock  of  Groceries  ever 
brought  to  Chatsworth  which  we  are 
selling  extremely  cheap.  We  make  a 
specialty  of  all  brands  of  choice  floor. 
Give  us  a  calL 


Webster,  S.  D.,  blooey  iMmer  vaA 
Grain  Buyer. 

Wrede.  Henry,  Boots  and  Shoes, 
Keady-made  or  Made  to  Order.  I  am 
{Hepared  to  offer  to  dtflsworth  and 
Tkinity  the  best  ederted  Stock  of 
Boots  and  Shoes  to  be  had  in  town. 

Wyman,  Justin  H-,  Dealer  in  Sta- 
]de  and  Fancy  Dry  Goods,  Boots  and 
Shoes,  Hats  and  Caps,  CSothii^  Gents' 
Furnishing  Goods,  Cupets,  Window 
Shades,  OQ  Cloths,  ete. 

Young,  John,  Dealer  in  Dry  Ijoods. 
».:;'_.  Hats.  Cafs,  Boots,  Shoes. 
C  jidWafl  Paper. 

ODELL. 

Axt,  Cha^,  E,,  •--    -  -  -  ■''    •'-'■•- 

Singer  ^r------  -- -  .    ._  :  .:. 


::ar  Strings.  M 
ehi&e  ^leedles.  Oil.  Fii: 


Bannister.  T.  O.,  M.  D.,  ■  -.  - 
Bucher,  N.,  B:::-ri  H^: 

Beck.  J.  M,.  I'-^a:-  ~  Fresh,  Dried 
-L  .  -^ -.:  Mr  :-  S3"^3c?s  and  I^id,etc. 
Als4>    B  e   and   Dieted 

Boulter,  E.  F..  :.:-  rj.  Sale  and  Feed 

Balenseifer,  F^   Deafer  in   Genexal 

DeBriae,   Ed^-ard,  CoiKtaWe  and 

1        ::         -^enc.      All    boaneas    in- 

'       -y  care  will  be  promptly  at- 

DeBriae,  Edward,  Deafer  in  Ice, 

and  Mano&cturer  of  Batter  Tubs  and 
Barrels. 


894 


BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


DesVOigneS,  A.,  Manufacturer  and 
Dealer  in  Saddles,  Collars,  Bridles, 
Whips,  Curry  Combs,  Brushes,  etc. 
Buggy  Trimming  neatly  done.  Prices, 
bottom  figures.  Also  Agent  for  the 
best  Sewing  Machines. 

Funk,  James  H.,  Attorney  at  Law. 
All  professional  business  will  receive 
prompt  attention. 

Fores,  James,  Contractor  and  Jobber. 

Hossack,  J.  &  W.,  Dealers  in  Grain, 
Seeds  and  Live  Stock. 

Howard's  Hall,  Good  Stage  and 
Scenery.  Ground  floor  30x80  feet  in 
size.     J.  K.  Howard,  Proprietor. 

Howard,  J.  K.,  Contractor  and 
Builder. 

Hunt,  S.,  Dealer  in  Books,  Stationery, 
Toys,  etc. 

Hunger  ford,    Maggie,    Mrs., 

Dealer  in   Millinery  and   Ladies'    Fur- 
nishing Goods. 

Hungerford,  ChaS.  E.,  Manufac- 
turer and  Wholesale  Dealer  in  Choice 
Brands  of  Cigars. 

Hill,  W.  S.,  Station  Agent  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railway. 

Kenyon,  P.  W.,  Dealer  in  Lumber, 
Lath,  Shingles,  Doors,  Sash,  etc.,  and 
Agent  for  the  Celebrated  "  Chicago 
Enamel  Paint." 

Kenyon  &  Gallaher,  News  Dealers 
and  Dealers  in  Staple  and  Fancy  Gro- 
ceries, Dried,  Fresh  and  Canned  Fruits, 
Stationery,  etc. 

Lyon,  John  D.,  Ptestaurant  and  Con- 
fectionery. 

Morgan  &  Gammon,  Dealers  in 

Hardware,  Tinware,   Stoves   and   Agri- 
cultural Implements. 

Morgan,  S.  S.,  Manufacturer  of  Mor- 
gan's Patent  Rut  Scraper,  Grader  and 
Leveler. 


Odell  Herald,  J.  H.  Warner  Editor, 
Publisher  and  Proprietor.  Job  Print- 
ing in  all  its  branches  neatly  executed. 

Penney  Brothers,  Dealers  in  Gen- 
eral Merchandise.  Z.  Supplee,  General 
salesman. 

Premersdorfer,  R.,  Manufacturer 
and  Dealer  in  Boots  and  Shoes. 

Pound,  J.  D.,  Justice  of  the  Peace, 
Real  Estate  and  Collecting  Agent. 
Abstracts  furnished.  Money  Loaned 
on  Real  Estate  security.  Office  over 
post  office. 

Penney,  S.  H,,  Banker.  Foreign 
Exchange  bought  and  sold,  and  a  Gen- 
eral Banking  Business  transacted. 

Strawn  House,  J.  H.  Ray,  Prop. 

Tombaugh,  M.,  County  Superinten- 
dent of  Schools. 

Vaughan,  E.  M.,    Dealer   in   Drugs, 

Medicines,  etc. 
Wright.  A.  P.,  Attorney  at  Law. 
White,  D.,  Barber  and  Hair  Dresser. 
Wright,  N.  E,,  Dealer  in  Grain   and 

Agent  for  the  Marseilles  Manufacturing 

Company. 

CAYUGA. 

Brittenham,  C.  K.,  Dealer  in  Grain 
and  Live  Stock. 

Chapman,  E.  O.,  Station  Agent  Chi- 
cago cV  Alton  Railroad. 

Coe,  C.  N.,  Dealer  in  Grain. 

Eppler,  Peter,  M.  D.,  Physician 
and  Surgeon. 

Kent,  L.  E.,  Dealer  in  Grain  and  Live 
Stock. 

Leonard,  B.  F.,  Blacksmith. 

FORREST. 

Bullard,  Lucian,  Postmaster,  No- 
tar}'  Public  ;  also  keeps  a  line  of  Books 
and  Stationery. 


BUSINESS   DIRECTORY. 


895 


Dunham,  Stephen  A.,  M.  D.,     Norton,  Eben,  M.  D.,  Physician 

Physician  and  Surgeon.  and  Druggist. 

Duckett,    Daniel,    Physician,   Sur-      Reeder,  John  J.,  Insurance  and  Real 


geon  and  Druggist. 

Duckett,  Fred.,  Druggist  and  Nur- 
seryman. 

Hoyt,  Stephen  A.,  Grain,  Lumber 
and  Stoclv  Merchant. 

Hinman  &  Delatour,  Dry  Goods 

and  Groceries. 

Porch,  James  &  John  C,  Hard- 
ware and  Machinery. 

Thayer  &  Nickerson,  Blacksmitii- 

ing  and  Wagon  Making. 

Twitchell,  H.  C,  Insurance  and  Col- 
lecting Agent,  and  Dealer  in  Agricul- 
tural Implements. 

STRAWN, 

Aaron,  Roberts  &  Co.,  Dealers  in 

Hardware. 

Ebersol,  J.  W.,  Agent  C.  &  P.  R.  R., 
Notary  Public,  Justice  of  the  Peace 
and  Insurance  Agent. 

Harvey,  G.,  M.  D.,  Physician,  Sur- 
geon and  Druggist. 

LaClair,  A.  P.,  Dry  Goods  and  Gro- 
ceries. 
List,  H.  C.  Blacksmith. 

Piester  &  Hamilton,  Dry  Goods 

and  Groceries. 

Read  &  Morgan,  Grain  and  Lumber 
Merchants. 

Richcreek,  J.  C,  Dealer  in  Grain  and 
Agricultural  Implements. 


Estate  Agent. 
Trim,  A.  L.,  Justice  of  the  Peace. 
Willis,  JaS.  W.,  Collection  Agent. 

BLACKSTONE. 

Kent,  D.  W.,  Grain  Merchant  and 
Dealer  in  Live  Stock. 

Mcintosh,  F.  M.,  Dry  Goods  Mer- 
chant. 

Tulwiler,  Horace  H.,  Blacksmith. 

Waters,  M.  F.,  Merchant ;  Dealer  in 
Drugs  and  Dry  Goods. 

LONG    POINT. 

Banner   Drug   Store,  Markie  & 

Phillip,  Proprietors,  where  may  be  found 
a  full  line  of  Drugs,  Patent  Medicines, 
Stationery,  Books,  etc. ;  also  Choice 
Family  Groceries.  Customers  will  re- 
ceive prompt  attention,  and  find  our 
goods  First  QuaUty. 

Halsted,  L.  J.,  Dealer  in  Normans, 
Short-Horns,  Thoroughbred  Berkshire 
and  Poland-Chinas.  All  stock  guar- 
anteed. 

Markie,  J.  M.,  M.  D.     Attends  all 

calls    professionally.     OflBce    in    Drug 

Store. 
Phillips,  M.  H.,  Buyer  and  Shipper 

of  Stock. 
Taggart,  A.  M.,  Dealer  in  all  kinds  of 

Grain  Elevators. 

COLLINS. 


Stephens,  Stacy,  M.  D.,  Physician     jjo^^ler,  David,  Merchant 

and  Surgeon. 


CORNELL. 


Hoobler,   Andrew  J.,  Merchant. 

Dealer  in  Dry  Goods  and  Groceries. 

Manly,  Chester  R.,  Station  Agent 


Arman,   Philip,  Livery,  and   Grain  and  Grain  Buyer. 

Buyer.   Proprietor  of  "  Arman  House."      Newman,    Martin  A.,  Postmaster 
Cornell,  H.  M.,  Dealer  in  Real  Estate.  and  Druggist. 


896 


BUSINESS  DIRECTORY. 


SAUNEMIN. 

Hemphill,  C.  C,  M.  D.,  Practicing 
Physician. 

Paddock,  G.  D.,  Dealer  in  Dry  Goods, 
Groceries,  Hardware,  Drugs,  Toilet  Ar- 
ticles, Fancy  Goods,  etc. 

Young,  A.  W.,  Blacksmithing  and 
General  Job  Work,  Sec.  21. 

ANCONA. 

Commins  &  MathiS,  Buyers  and 
Shippers  of  Grain.     Elevator. 

MathiS,  G.  W.,  Dealer  in  Dry  Goods, 
Groceries,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Hats  and 
Caps,  Glassware,  Hardware  and  No- 
tions. Streator  prices  paid  for  Country 
Produce. 

NEVADA. 

Brown,  E.  D.,  Attorney  at  Law. 

Cavanaugh,  J.  A.,  &  Co.,  General 

Merchants  and  Grain  Dealers. 

Dow,  B.  B.,  General  Merchandise, 
Postmaster,  Express  and  Insurance,  also 
Agent  for  A.  M.  Wright  &  Co.,  Com- 
mission Merchants,  Chicago. 

SULLIVAN    CENTER. 

Gary,  Frank,  Blacksmithing  and  Gen- 
eral Jobbing. 

Morrill,  A.  M.,  Dealer  in  Groceries, 
Dry  Goods,  Clothing,  Boots,  Shoes, 
Hats,  Caps,  etc. 

SMITHDALE. 

Hoobler,  John  D.,  Farmer  and  Stock 
Buyer  and  Shipper;  P.  0.  Smithdale. 


Jones,  ZenaS  R.,  Farmer  and  Grain 
Buyer.    P.  0.  Smithdale. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Allen,  Joel,  M.  D,,  Physician,  Zook- 
ville. 

Barackman,  M.  J.,  Farmer  and  Coal 
Operator,  Beading. 

Boies  &  Breese,  Dealers  in  Live 
Stock,  Grain  and  Coal ;  P.  0.  Gridley, 
Waldo  Tp.,  HI. 

Cording,  Albert,  Dry  Goods  and 
Groceries,  Norman. 

Dally,  Wm.,  Veterinary  Surgeon,  Sec. 
33,  Union  Tp. 

Morris,  John,  Breeder  of  and  Dealer 
in  Fine  Short-Horn  Cattle,  Poland- 
China  and  Berkshire  Swine.  A  fine 
stock  farm  of  200  acres,  with  an  abund- 
ant supply  of  never-failing  spring  water 
and  good  shade.  Stock  raised  mainly 
for  shipping.  See.  3,  Belle  Prairie  Tp. ; 
P.  0.  Fairbury,  111. 

Sieberns,  H.  E.,  Dealer  in  Dry  Goods, 
Groceries,  Boots  and  Shoes,  Hats,  Caps, 
Clothing,  Drugs,  Paints  and  Oils,  Hard- 
ware, Crockery  and  Glassware.  Waldo 
Tp. ;  P.  0.  Gridley,  111. 

Smith,  Richard,  Farmer,  Carpenter 
and  Builder.     Belle  Prairie  Tp.  ;  P.  0. 

Fairbury. 

Wilde,  J.,  M.  D.,  Physician  and  Sur- 
geon, Nevada. 

Younger,  Wm.,  Dealer  in  Fine  North 
Devon  Cattle  and  Poland-China  Swine. 
Sec.  2,  Belle  Prairie  Tp. ;  P.  0.  Fair- 
bury, 111. 


ERRATA. 


LEMUEL  K.  WESTCOTT,  Assistant 
Postmaster,   Pontiac ;  was  born   Dec.    15, 
1835,  at  Hinckley,  Medina  Co.,  Ohio;  he 
resided  in  Summit  Co.,  Ohio,  during  his 
youth,   and  moved   to   Chicago    in    1857, 
where  he  resided  one  year ;  was  a  teacher  in 
Livingston  and  Logan  Cos.,  111.,  till  the 
hreaking-out  of  the  rebellion.     Enlisted  as 
a  private  in  Co.  E,  7th  111.  V.  I.  June  7, 
1861,  in  the   three-months    service;    en- 
listed in  the  three-years  service  in  Co.  F, 
3Sth  111.  V.  I.  Aug.  15, 1861,  as  a  private  ; 
was  promoted  to  Sergeant,  and  the  next 
July   to  Second  Lieutenant ;  was  in  the 
battle   of    Perryville,    Ky.,    Knob    Gap, 
Tenn.,  Stone  River,  Tenn.,  where  he  re- 
ceived two  wounds,  and  was  captured  ;  was 
four  months  in  rebel  prisons,  two  of  them 
in  Libby   Prison,  Richmond ;  on  his  ex- 
change,   returned    to    his    regiment    and 
found  a  commission  as   First    Lieutenant 
waiting  for  him  for  meritorious  conduct  at 
Stone    River ;    was   soon    after   appointed 
Adjutant  of  the  regiment,  which  position 
he  held  till  the  fiual  muster  out  of  the 
regiment ;  he  took  part  in   the  battl'^s  of 
Chickamauga,     Liberty     Gap,    Kenesaw, 
Atlanta,  Jonesboro,   Franklin   and   Nash- 
ville,   besides    numerous    skirmishes    and 
smaller  engagements;  after  the  surrender 
of  Lee  his  regiment  was  ordered  to  Texas, 
where  it  remained  till  the  Spring  of  1866  ; 
he  was  finally  discharged   at  Springfield, 
111.,  April  7,  1866,  after  nearly  five  years 
of  active  service.     Since  the  war  he  has 
chiefly  resided  at  Pontiac,  111.,  engaged  in 
various  avocations.     He  was  married  May 
3,  1864,  to  Miss  Sarah  M.  Adams. 

JOSEPH  A.  TURNER,  Dwight.  Re- 
publican ;  Methodist.  Is  the  proprietor  of 
the  old  National  Hotel,  which  grew  out  of 
Mr.  Turner's  boarding  house  which  was 
started  in  1857,  and  the  hotel  was  started 
in  1864;  he  was  born  in  England  June 
18,  1814,  and  landed  at  Philadelphia  June 
17, 1818,  and  settled  in  Steubenville,  Ohio  ; 
he  lived  in  several  places,  but  finally  went  to 
Martinsville  and  remained  until  1856, 
when  he  came  to  this  place.  He  married 
Sarah  E.  McWilliams  March  23,  1837; 
she  was  born  in  Belmont  Co.,  Ohio,  Nov. 
16,  1816;  they  have  three  children — 
Margaret  F.,  Flora  M.,  James  A.  Z.    Mr. 


Turner  was  one  of  the  few  early  pioneers 
of  Dwiuht ;  has  been  engaged  with  Mr. 
McWilliams  in  his  store;  had,  for  several 
years,  a  lumber  yard,  and  was  for  a  long 
time  buying  crain;  he  has  been  one  of  the 
enterprising  men  with  Mr.  McW.  in  build- 
ing up  the  town  ;  he  is  a  good  Dusiness 
man,  and  a  man  of  strict  integrity.  Mrs. 
Turner  is  an  aunt  of  Mr.  McW.,  and  is  a 
very  capable,  energetic  woman,  and  much 
respected  by  all  who  know  her  ;  they  are 
very  much  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
M.  E.  Church,  and  have  done  much  to 
build  the  present  beautiful  edifice. 

J.  P.  CHASE,  farmer.  Sec.  8,  Round 
Grove  Tp. ;  P.  0.  Dwight ;  was  born  in 
Rockingham  Co.,  N.  H.rMarch  24,  1817, 
where  he  remained  until  1855,  when   ho 
came  to  Illinois,  locating  in  Bureau  Cx, 
where  he  bought  160  acres  of  land,  and, 
after  improving  it,  returned  to  New  Hamp- 
shire, but  remained  but  a  short  time,  and 
came  to  Illinois  again,  stopping  in  Peru, 
and  there  engaged  in  teaming  and  farming ; 
he    came   into    Livingston    Co.    in    1861, 
locating  on  his  present  farm,  which  con- 
sists of  160  acres  well  improved  and  a  fine 
residence,   around    which    is   a    beautiful 
grove,    and   is    one   of   the    finest   places 
fn  this  part  of  the  county ;  he  values  it  at 
S50  per  acre.     He  married  Miss  Shuah  B. 
Brown,  dauuhter  of  Gen.  Lawrence  Brown, 
of  Epping,^N.  H.,  April  19,  1838;  she 
was  born  May  5,  1820 ;  they  arc  parents 
of    twelve    children — Jonathan    R.,    born 
Nov.   8,   1842;  Lucy   H.,  born  Aug.   2, 
1844 ;  Lawrence  B.,  born  March  29, 1846  ; 
Mary  E.,  born  Oct.  15, 1847,  died  Oct.  15, 
1847;  Eunice   M.,  born   Oct.   15,   1847, 
died   Oct.    15,    1847;  Charles   M.,   born 
May  21,  1849;  George  K.,  born  April  o, 
1851;  Josiah,  born  Oct.  19,  1852;  Sarah 
E    Sept.  26,  1854  ;  Emma,  born  Nov.  13, 
1856,  died  Sept.  18,  1863;  Frank,  born 
,  April  6,  1859,  died  Sept.  11,  1863  ;  Mary 
F.,   born   June  25,  1862,  died  Sept.   2.^, 
1863.     Lawrence  B.  enlisted  in  the  112th 
I.  V.  I. ;  was  with  Sherman  on  his  "  march 
to  tile  sea  ;"  participated  in  several  battles, 
of  which   that  of   Antony  Pa.ss  was  the 
severest,  and  remained  in  the  service  until 
the  close  of  the  war,  and  was  mustered  out 
at  Washington,  D.  C. 


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item:s. 


Horses  of  all  ages 

Cattle  of  all  ages 

Mules  and  Asses  of  all  ages 

Sheep  of  all  ages 

Hogs  of  all  ages 

Steam  Engines  and  Boilers 

Fire  or  Burglar-Proof  Safes 

Billiard  Tables,  etc 

Carriages  and  Wagons.. 

Watches  and  Clocks 

Sewing  or  Knitting  Machines 

Piano  Fortes 

Melodeons  and  Organs 

Patent  Rights  

Merchandise  on  hnnd 

Material  nnd  Manufactured  Articles  on  hand 

Manufacturers'  Tools,  etc  

Agricultural  Tools,  etc 

Gold  and  Silver  Plate  aiid  Plated   Ware 

diamonds  and  .leweliy 

Moneys  of  Bank.  Banker,  Broker  or  Stock  .lobber 

Credits  of  same 

Moneys  of  other  than  those 

Credits  of  other  than  the  same 

Bonds  and  Stocks 

Property  of  Saloons  ami  Kating  Houses 

Household  or  Office  Furniture  and  Property 

Investments  in  Ileal  Estate  and  Improvements  thereon  . 

All  other  Persoual  Property  required  to  be  listed 

Shares  of  Stock  of  State  or  National  Banks 


Total  value  of  Personal  Property. 


No. 


'Av.  Value.  Assessed  Value. 


I 


21 459 1 

2!K)95 

14641 

2851 1 

87027' 

2(; 

109' 

36 

7503 

4806 

3103 

151 

400 


§29  90 
10  43 
34  19 

1 

1 

180 

39 

33 

14 

2 

9 
64 

29 


08 
32 
76 
35 
25 
08 
18 
58 
50 
59 


LANDS. 


Improved  Lands 

Unimproved  Lands. 


No.  of  Acres. 


6:10569 
24470 


Av.  Val.  Per  Acre. 


$12  58 
9  79 


$641874 

310684 

50062 

3094 

116709 

4700 

4290 

1197 

105684 

10488 

29764 

9740 

11836 

105 

259141 

3487 

10469 

113624 

345 

75 

51800 

1(1937 

47978 

l'.»79;55 

400 

2106 

123214 

7687 

242304 

61575 


$2483304 


7934552 
239977 


;i;81 74529 

TOWN  AND  CITY  LOTS. 

No.  of  Lots. 

Average  Value. 

Tninfovpfl                             ...••• >■■• 

440 
4815 

$213  77 
23  08 

942539 

111172 

$1353711 

Total  value  of  all  Property  as  assessed 

$11661544 

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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


977.361 L49 


C001 


mSTORY  OF  LIVINGSTON  COUNTY,  ILLINOIS  C 


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y  011 2  025394740 


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